All language subtitles for Abandoned.Engineering.S06E08.Space.Plane.1080p.WEB-DL.AAC2.0.H.264-squalor_track3_[eng]

af Afrikaans
ak Akan
sq Albanian
am Amharic
ar Arabic
hy Armenian
az Azerbaijani
eu Basque
be Belarusian
bem Bemba
bn Bengali
bh Bihari
bs Bosnian
br Breton
bg Bulgarian
km Cambodian
ca Catalan
ceb Cebuano
chr Cherokee
ny Chichewa
zh-CN Chinese (Simplified)
zh-TW Chinese (Traditional)
co Corsican
hr Croatian
cs Czech
da Danish
nl Dutch
en English
eo Esperanto
et Estonian
ee Ewe
fo Faroese
tl Filipino
fi Finnish
fr French
fy Frisian
gaa Ga
gl Galician
ka Georgian
de German
gn Guarani
gu Gujarati
ht Haitian Creole
ha Hausa
haw Hawaiian
iw Hebrew
hi Hindi
hmn Hmong
hu Hungarian
is Icelandic
ig Igbo
id Indonesian
ia Interlingua
ga Irish
it Italian
ja Japanese
jw Javanese
kn Kannada
kk Kazakh
rw Kinyarwanda
rn Kirundi
kg Kongo
ko Korean
kri Krio (Sierra Leone)
ku Kurdish
ckb Kurdish (Soranî)
ky Kyrgyz
lo Laothian
la Latin
lv Latvian
ln Lingala
lt Lithuanian
loz Lozi
lg Luganda
ach Luo
lb Luxembourgish
mk Macedonian
mg Malagasy
ms Malay
ml Malayalam
mt Maltese
mi Maori
mr Marathi
mfe Mauritian Creole
mo Moldavian
mn Mongolian
my Myanmar (Burmese)
sr-ME Montenegrin
ne Nepali
pcm Nigerian Pidgin
nso Northern Sotho
no Norwegian
nn Norwegian (Nynorsk)
oc Occitan
or Oriya
om Oromo
ps Pashto
fa Persian
pl Polish
pt-BR Portuguese (Brazil)
pt Portuguese (Portugal)
pa Punjabi
qu Quechua
ro Romanian
rm Romansh
nyn Runyakitara
ru Russian
sm Samoan
gd Scots Gaelic
sr Serbian
sh Serbo-Croatian
st Sesotho
tn Setswana
crs Seychellois Creole
sn Shona
sd Sindhi
si Sinhalese
sk Slovak
sl Slovenian
so Somali
es Spanish
es-419 Spanish (Latin American)
su Sundanese
sw Swahili
sv Swedish
tg Tajik
ta Tamil
tt Tatar
te Telugu
th Thai
ti Tigrinya
to Tonga
lua Tshiluba
tum Tumbuka
tr Turkish
tk Turkmen
tw Twi
ug Uighur
uk Ukrainian
ur Urdu
uz Uzbek
vi Vietnamese
cy Welsh
wo Wolof
xh Xhosa
yi Yiddish
yo Yoruba
zu Zulu
Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,120 --> 00:00:02,360 (Dramatic music) 2 00:00:03,720 --> 00:00:06,160 Tom ward (narrates): A monster machine in Ukraine 3 00:00:06,200 --> 00:00:10,840 seemingly high tech yet left to rust in a giant hanger. 4 00:00:10,880 --> 00:00:14,560 You see a winged structure, part of a fuselage 5 00:00:14,600 --> 00:00:17,040 and then looming over all of it 6 00:00:17,080 --> 00:00:20,720 is this absolutely enormous aircraft. 7 00:00:24,080 --> 00:00:27,640 A ghostly facility sprawling across northern Indiana 8 00:00:27,680 --> 00:00:29,240 displaying strange features. 9 00:00:31,040 --> 00:00:33,920 So, we've got slides coming out of these buildings 10 00:00:33,960 --> 00:00:35,960 and those are not there for fun. 11 00:00:38,080 --> 00:00:41,960 A forest of derelict towers in Greece with mythical origins. 12 00:00:43,520 --> 00:00:47,440 It's a dramatic site, a collection of ruined towers 13 00:00:47,480 --> 00:00:49,000 perched on a hill 14 00:00:49,040 --> 00:00:51,760 with a coastline stretching out in the distance. 15 00:00:56,760 --> 00:00:58,880 And a collection of ruined constructions 16 00:00:58,920 --> 00:01:02,680 strategically perched on the edge of a Scottish loch. 17 00:01:02,720 --> 00:01:05,640 This is such a peaceful location 18 00:01:05,680 --> 00:01:07,520 but these concrete structures, 19 00:01:07,560 --> 00:01:09,280 they evoke a time when this loch 20 00:01:09,320 --> 00:01:14,280 was transformed in to an area of action and frantic activity. 21 00:01:19,280 --> 00:01:20,640 Decaying relics... 22 00:01:21,880 --> 00:01:23,400 Ruins of lost worlds... 23 00:01:25,280 --> 00:01:27,640 Forged through years of toil 24 00:01:27,680 --> 00:01:29,280 now haunted by the past... 25 00:01:30,720 --> 00:01:33,840 Their secrets waiting to be revealed. 26 00:01:39,040 --> 00:01:40,720 (Mildly suspenseful music) 27 00:01:49,920 --> 00:01:53,120 Ukraine Eastern Europe on the outskirts 28 00:01:53,160 --> 00:01:56,840 of the capital of Kiev sits a vast featureless structure 29 00:01:56,880 --> 00:01:58,880 that hides an extraordinary secret. 30 00:02:02,640 --> 00:02:04,960 We're in a kind of industrial suburb 31 00:02:05,000 --> 00:02:09,360 and as you come in to this very abandoned derelict area 32 00:02:09,400 --> 00:02:12,120 with weeds growing through the pavement, 33 00:02:12,160 --> 00:02:15,400 on the edge of this thing you see this one enormous building. 34 00:02:16,840 --> 00:02:18,960 The first thing that strikes you is that 35 00:02:19,000 --> 00:02:20,960 it has these massive, massive doors, 36 00:02:21,000 --> 00:02:23,000 over 100ft high so whatever 37 00:02:23,040 --> 00:02:24,680 this building's intended for 38 00:02:24,720 --> 00:02:27,960 was clearly some kind of super size structure. 39 00:02:29,840 --> 00:02:32,520 When you see anything that's unusual 40 00:02:32,560 --> 00:02:35,600 or just beyond your normal expectation 41 00:02:35,640 --> 00:02:37,320 in scale you're drawn to it, 42 00:02:37,360 --> 00:02:40,320 you want to know what lies behind those doors. 43 00:02:42,040 --> 00:02:46,080 Inside, old machinery that lines the cavernous interior 44 00:02:46,120 --> 00:02:48,960 provides a clue as to what was manufactured within. 45 00:02:50,320 --> 00:02:54,360 It's kind of like a crypt for ancient aircraft, 46 00:02:54,400 --> 00:02:55,680 in pieces mostly. 47 00:02:56,880 --> 00:02:58,600 You see different parts laying around that 48 00:02:58,640 --> 00:03:00,080 haven't been connected yet. 49 00:03:01,640 --> 00:03:04,200 Dwarfing the aircraft stored there 50 00:03:04,240 --> 00:03:08,320 is one massive fuselage of an aeroplane. 51 00:03:11,160 --> 00:03:14,840 It is huge, it towers above everything else 52 00:03:14,880 --> 00:03:16,600 and it dominates the space. 53 00:03:19,400 --> 00:03:23,880 We know that there's a link between this mammoth aircraft 54 00:03:23,920 --> 00:03:25,920 and the cold war but just looking at the plane. 55 00:03:27,560 --> 00:03:28,880 The link isn't clear. 56 00:03:30,440 --> 00:03:32,320 What's the story behind of this? 57 00:03:32,360 --> 00:03:36,360 Why get so far on such a massive scale 58 00:03:36,400 --> 00:03:37,960 and then not complete the job? 59 00:03:47,520 --> 00:03:49,200 Inside this giant hanger 60 00:03:49,240 --> 00:03:51,800 lies an impressive feat of aviation history 61 00:03:53,360 --> 00:03:54,600 that was once at the heart 62 00:03:54,640 --> 00:03:56,640 of a fierce international rivalry 63 00:03:56,680 --> 00:03:58,160 between two super powers. 64 00:04:02,400 --> 00:04:05,720 Hennadii silchenko has worked for the Antonov design bureau 65 00:04:05,760 --> 00:04:07,160 for nearly four decades... 66 00:04:08,480 --> 00:04:11,480 He was part of the team responsible for this plane's development. 67 00:04:14,440 --> 00:04:15,960 As to where we are now... 68 00:04:17,280 --> 00:04:18,920 I can say that we are standing 69 00:04:18,960 --> 00:04:21,120 in one of the warehouses of our company... 70 00:04:23,600 --> 00:04:26,480 Which is used for conservation and storage. 71 00:04:32,760 --> 00:04:36,680 Antonov are a huge Ukrainian aeronautical company, 72 00:04:38,720 --> 00:04:41,960 they were known for making big aeroplanes, 73 00:04:42,000 --> 00:04:43,320 that was their thing. 74 00:04:45,960 --> 00:04:47,960 And it's the sheer scale of the parts 75 00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:50,040 that are key to understanding its origin. 76 00:04:52,880 --> 00:04:54,480 At 84 metres in length, 77 00:04:54,520 --> 00:04:56,480 it is over 11 metres longer than 78 00:04:56,520 --> 00:04:59,320 the world's biggest passenger plane flying today. 79 00:05:02,280 --> 00:05:03,760 The famous a380, 80 00:05:03,800 --> 00:05:08,400 the supersize passenger jet from airbus, isn't even as large. 81 00:05:10,760 --> 00:05:13,360 Clearly this aircraft was designed 82 00:05:13,400 --> 00:05:16,120 for some extraordinary purpose, 83 00:05:16,160 --> 00:05:19,440 something extremely large and heavy. 84 00:05:21,120 --> 00:05:22,680 (Speaks foreign language) 85 00:05:33,960 --> 00:05:35,760 Born at a time when east and west 86 00:05:35,800 --> 00:05:37,720 were locked in bitter struggle 87 00:05:37,760 --> 00:05:40,960 this flying fortress was to have a special role to play. 88 00:05:44,240 --> 00:05:45,560 When we think about the cold war 89 00:05:45,600 --> 00:05:47,880 we think about the potential for military conflict 90 00:05:47,920 --> 00:05:50,800 between the us and the ussr. 91 00:05:51,880 --> 00:05:54,160 We think about nuclear weapons 92 00:05:54,200 --> 00:05:56,160 and the build up of that capability 93 00:05:56,200 --> 00:05:59,480 but the cold war also took place in all these other arenas. 94 00:06:00,640 --> 00:06:02,240 There was a battle of propaganda 95 00:06:02,280 --> 00:06:04,440 to be won as well and space 96 00:06:04,480 --> 00:06:06,960 became the place to fight that one out. 97 00:06:07,000 --> 00:06:10,040 The space race took engineering 98 00:06:10,080 --> 00:06:12,800 and creativity to a whole new level. 99 00:06:13,960 --> 00:06:15,920 So, in 1972 100 00:06:15,960 --> 00:06:20,280 the United States announces the space shuttle program. 101 00:06:20,320 --> 00:06:21,920 And the Soviets see this as alarming, 102 00:06:21,960 --> 00:06:23,800 first of all it's a huge leap 103 00:06:23,840 --> 00:06:26,800 in this prestigious space race. 104 00:06:26,840 --> 00:06:29,440 The Americans are gonna have a new generation of technology 105 00:06:29,480 --> 00:06:31,720 the Soviets don't have. 106 00:06:31,760 --> 00:06:33,080 The Soviets were on the back foot 107 00:06:33,120 --> 00:06:34,920 but they could see that the shuttle program 108 00:06:34,960 --> 00:06:37,000 was the future of space exploration 109 00:06:37,040 --> 00:06:39,200 and this plane is part of that story. 110 00:06:40,600 --> 00:06:44,120 This is the Antonov an-225, 111 00:06:44,160 --> 00:06:46,600 the world's largest model of aircraft. 112 00:06:48,040 --> 00:06:51,720 But how was a giant plane supposed to help the ussr 113 00:06:51,760 --> 00:06:53,920 achieve its goal of conquering space? 114 00:06:55,080 --> 00:06:58,200 Soon as the us announced the shuttle program, 115 00:06:58,240 --> 00:07:01,440 the Soviets decided they were gonna have to come back 116 00:07:01,480 --> 00:07:04,320 with their own program called the buran. 117 00:07:04,360 --> 00:07:07,920 Geographically the ussr is a huge, huge space 118 00:07:07,960 --> 00:07:11,160 with lots of centres of engineering excellence. 119 00:07:11,200 --> 00:07:16,440 Now, the space shuttle program requires huge pieces of technology. 120 00:07:16,480 --> 00:07:21,600 Very big scale engineering and to get them in to one place, 121 00:07:21,640 --> 00:07:22,800 fit for launching, 122 00:07:22,840 --> 00:07:25,320 you'd need to transport everything to that location. 123 00:07:27,120 --> 00:07:28,600 So, the Soviet solution... 124 00:07:30,000 --> 00:07:34,200 Is to fly the space shuttle to the cosmodrome 125 00:07:34,240 --> 00:07:35,880 in southern Kazakhstan 126 00:07:35,920 --> 00:07:39,040 and yet there is no aircraft big enough 127 00:07:39,080 --> 00:07:40,480 to carry a space shuttle. 128 00:07:47,480 --> 00:07:50,440 The engineers knew that the construction of an aircraft 129 00:07:50,480 --> 00:07:53,720 that could solve those issues would without doubt 130 00:07:53,760 --> 00:07:57,640 elevate the aviation industry of not only a Soviet state 131 00:07:57,680 --> 00:07:59,360 but of the entire world. 132 00:08:05,000 --> 00:08:07,080 With an epic challenge ahead of them 133 00:08:07,120 --> 00:08:08,880 the Antonov team got to work. 134 00:08:10,840 --> 00:08:14,320 Just three years after the idea for this model of aircraft 135 00:08:14,360 --> 00:08:17,000 was conceived the monstrous 136 00:08:17,040 --> 00:08:20,280 an-225 finally took to the skies 137 00:08:20,320 --> 00:08:22,000 with a shuttle on its back. 138 00:08:25,040 --> 00:08:27,920 One of the challenges of carrying 139 00:08:27,960 --> 00:08:31,000 a space shuttle on top of an aircraft is 140 00:08:31,040 --> 00:08:33,440 that it really disrupts the airflow 141 00:08:33,480 --> 00:08:37,680 so in the design of the Antonov 225, 142 00:08:37,720 --> 00:08:40,760 they split the tail in to two pieces 143 00:08:40,800 --> 00:08:42,520 so that the vertical stabilisers 144 00:08:42,560 --> 00:08:45,440 were outside of that turbulent zone. 145 00:08:48,040 --> 00:08:49,280 And when it took off 146 00:08:49,320 --> 00:08:51,480 it was not only a shock for the whole world 147 00:08:51,520 --> 00:08:55,200 but to some extent even for us, its creators. 148 00:08:55,240 --> 00:08:58,520 Such a plane in the air is still fantastic to witness. 149 00:09:00,040 --> 00:09:01,920 And it was striking 'cause in 1989 150 00:09:01,960 --> 00:09:03,960 to kind of announce this 151 00:09:04,000 --> 00:09:06,560 great technological breakthrough to the world 152 00:09:06,600 --> 00:09:09,720 they send the an-225 to the Paris air show. 153 00:09:10,960 --> 00:09:14,360 And everybody who sees it is just blown away 154 00:09:14,400 --> 00:09:16,600 by the sheer scale of this aircraft. 155 00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:25,800 With the an-225 declared a resounding success, 156 00:09:25,840 --> 00:09:27,760 the Soviet union forged ahead 157 00:09:27,800 --> 00:09:29,720 with plans to assemble three more. 158 00:09:30,760 --> 00:09:33,520 This was meant to be number two off the production line. 159 00:09:36,120 --> 00:09:38,600 Forget about just being an engineering marvel, 160 00:09:38,640 --> 00:09:42,080 for the Soviets this was a massive propaganda coup. 161 00:09:43,160 --> 00:09:44,200 Although in the end 162 00:09:44,240 --> 00:09:46,920 it really turned out to be too little too late. 163 00:09:48,160 --> 00:09:50,640 A storm was brewing that would spell disaster 164 00:09:50,680 --> 00:09:52,480 for the world's biggest aircraft. 165 00:09:54,200 --> 00:09:57,560 A couple of years later the Soviet union collapsed 166 00:09:57,600 --> 00:09:59,240 and everything changed. 167 00:10:00,280 --> 00:10:02,240 There was really no purpose for the plane, 168 00:10:02,280 --> 00:10:03,600 it got mothballed, 169 00:10:03,640 --> 00:10:07,600 the other models that were under construction 170 00:10:07,640 --> 00:10:09,080 never got completed. 171 00:10:10,280 --> 00:10:11,400 Without the space race, 172 00:10:11,440 --> 00:10:14,440 without that competition with the usa, 173 00:10:14,480 --> 00:10:18,080 why did the world need a plane on that scale? 174 00:10:18,120 --> 00:10:20,080 That's what nobody could figure out. 175 00:10:24,920 --> 00:10:27,680 Yet that wasn't the end of its story. 176 00:10:27,720 --> 00:10:30,800 Pilot dmytro Antonov is one of the few men 177 00:10:30,840 --> 00:10:33,040 to have flown this winged leviathan. 178 00:10:35,560 --> 00:10:39,280 An-225 was bought back to life in 2001, 179 00:10:39,320 --> 00:10:40,520 it started to fly again. 180 00:10:41,600 --> 00:10:44,480 And since that time it has performed numerous 181 00:10:44,520 --> 00:10:45,800 humanitarian missions. 182 00:10:49,600 --> 00:10:52,800 But with the plane costing an astonishing 24,000 pounds 183 00:10:52,840 --> 00:10:55,880 an hour to charter, it's rarely called in to action. 184 00:10:56,960 --> 00:11:00,240 When it does make an appearance it attracts quite a crowd. 185 00:11:03,840 --> 00:11:06,120 When we went to Australia for instance 186 00:11:06,160 --> 00:11:09,000 we were met by more than 15,000 people. 187 00:11:09,040 --> 00:11:10,600 And when you realise that all of them 188 00:11:10,640 --> 00:11:13,520 just came to see us, to see the plane, 189 00:11:13,560 --> 00:11:16,480 it makes us feel proud, we are proud to be flying it. 190 00:11:21,840 --> 00:11:24,560 What puts this on the must see list is that 191 00:11:24,600 --> 00:11:28,240 it actually holds 240 world records 192 00:11:28,280 --> 00:11:30,000 including carrying 193 00:11:30,040 --> 00:11:32,960 the world's heaviest commercial cargo 194 00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:36,600 and the world's heaviest single object. 195 00:11:44,080 --> 00:11:45,520 (Soft music) 196 00:11:48,120 --> 00:11:50,160 Today this incomplete chapter 197 00:11:50,200 --> 00:11:53,120 in aviation history may lie in pieces 198 00:11:53,160 --> 00:11:55,760 but Antonov have not given up hope of one day 199 00:11:55,800 --> 00:11:57,480 seeing it take to the skies. 200 00:12:00,880 --> 00:12:02,680 Unlike the first aircraft, 201 00:12:02,720 --> 00:12:05,920 this one is unfinished, however we are still proud of it. 202 00:12:06,960 --> 00:12:09,760 Of course we really want to finish it, 203 00:12:09,800 --> 00:12:11,560 we have the means to do so, 204 00:12:11,600 --> 00:12:13,560 the only thing we need is a customer 205 00:12:13,600 --> 00:12:14,680 who would buy it 206 00:12:14,720 --> 00:12:16,960 and then we would start work on it straight away. 207 00:12:24,440 --> 00:12:27,160 It's getting another look by powers like China 208 00:12:27,200 --> 00:12:30,680 as a possible entree into the space race for themselves. 209 00:12:32,440 --> 00:12:37,400 So, you know, potentially there is still even a bright future. 210 00:12:45,760 --> 00:12:48,080 On a remote coast in Scotland 211 00:12:48,120 --> 00:12:51,400 a cluster of ruins emerge out of a wild landscape. 212 00:12:52,800 --> 00:12:54,320 (Suspenseful music) 213 00:12:56,080 --> 00:12:58,440 On the fringes of the north west highlands, 214 00:12:58,480 --> 00:13:01,920 on the tip of Scotland, you're totally exposed 215 00:13:01,960 --> 00:13:05,400 to the full force of the north Atlantic. 216 00:13:05,440 --> 00:13:07,920 We've got a rocky rugged coastline 217 00:13:07,960 --> 00:13:11,760 and we've got concrete fortifications 218 00:13:11,800 --> 00:13:14,680 built right in to the rocks. 219 00:13:14,720 --> 00:13:18,640 You can see that this is a defended location. 220 00:13:19,720 --> 00:13:21,840 Some look like lookout posts, 221 00:13:21,880 --> 00:13:25,720 others more like pillboxes or gun emplacements. 222 00:13:25,760 --> 00:13:27,600 It becomes ever clearer that 223 00:13:27,640 --> 00:13:31,800 this was a scene of a major military enterprise. 224 00:13:31,840 --> 00:13:33,520 We have to wonder 225 00:13:33,560 --> 00:13:35,720 what is so important 226 00:13:35,760 --> 00:13:39,200 here in this quiet rural area 227 00:13:39,240 --> 00:13:41,400 that needs to be defended like this. 228 00:13:42,680 --> 00:13:45,640 This was the setting for a daring operation. 229 00:13:45,680 --> 00:13:48,960 Yet mystery still swirls around this site. 230 00:13:51,200 --> 00:13:53,400 The impact of the war has left its Mark 231 00:13:53,440 --> 00:13:55,840 and it's a story that due to the secrecy act 232 00:13:55,880 --> 00:13:57,400 isn't entirely well understood. 233 00:14:01,240 --> 00:14:03,080 The origins of this secret site 234 00:14:03,120 --> 00:14:04,440 are intrinsically tied 235 00:14:04,480 --> 00:14:08,400 to a remarkable story of perseverance and sacrifice. 236 00:14:10,400 --> 00:14:11,640 When we look at the way 237 00:14:11,680 --> 00:14:14,560 these reinforced concrete emplacements 238 00:14:14,600 --> 00:14:16,440 are designed and built 239 00:14:16,480 --> 00:14:19,600 it's very clearly mid 20th century, 240 00:14:19,640 --> 00:14:22,640 it's second world war era stuff. 241 00:14:22,680 --> 00:14:25,160 And yet when we think about 242 00:14:25,200 --> 00:14:27,880 second world war in the British isles 243 00:14:27,920 --> 00:14:31,680 we think about defending London from a Nazi invasion. 244 00:14:33,120 --> 00:14:34,920 Were the allies expecting Hitler 245 00:14:34,960 --> 00:14:37,520 to mount a UK attack from the north? 246 00:14:37,560 --> 00:14:40,640 Or is there another reason for fortifying so heavily 247 00:14:40,680 --> 00:14:43,240 this remote region of the British isles? 248 00:14:44,520 --> 00:14:46,720 This is a part of Scotland 249 00:14:46,760 --> 00:14:50,360 that was facing away from the Nazi's. 250 00:14:50,400 --> 00:14:56,040 Why would we build fortifications that face away from the threat? 251 00:15:00,280 --> 00:15:02,560 The area has a sparse local population... 252 00:15:05,120 --> 00:15:07,200 Yet for one of them, Nicky ellakirk... 253 00:15:09,560 --> 00:15:11,800 This military site has always held an allure. 254 00:15:14,360 --> 00:15:17,600 My childhood was spent playing around this bunkers, 255 00:15:17,640 --> 00:15:20,000 it's a rather unique kids playground made up of, you know, 256 00:15:20,040 --> 00:15:21,920 70 year old rusting lumps of concrete. 257 00:15:23,800 --> 00:15:26,960 Yet there was a time when this was a hive of activity. 258 00:15:29,320 --> 00:15:32,560 We're up here in a tiny fishing crofting community 259 00:15:32,600 --> 00:15:36,200 and there was this sudden influx of 3,000 troops 260 00:15:36,240 --> 00:15:38,400 who landed from everywhere, 261 00:15:38,440 --> 00:15:43,160 India, Poland, britain, other overseas territories. 262 00:15:45,280 --> 00:15:48,440 Why were troops flooding in to this desolate area? 263 00:15:49,520 --> 00:15:52,640 Various remnants of military hardware provide clues. 264 00:15:54,520 --> 00:15:57,960 Francis Russell has been researching the site for decades. 265 00:15:59,760 --> 00:16:01,280 Here we have the, 266 00:16:01,320 --> 00:16:03,520 one of the six-inch gun emplacements. 267 00:16:04,600 --> 00:16:06,160 There were two six-inch guns here 268 00:16:06,200 --> 00:16:10,120 and then further round the corner another two six-inch guns. 269 00:16:10,160 --> 00:16:12,800 They were a deterrent and they looked mean. 270 00:16:14,600 --> 00:16:16,120 Beneath these guns 271 00:16:16,160 --> 00:16:18,880 a mine field ran across the mouth of the loch... 272 00:16:21,400 --> 00:16:24,800 And behind that another line of defence. 273 00:16:24,840 --> 00:16:28,080 We've got submarine boom netting 274 00:16:28,120 --> 00:16:32,720 which is large rings of wire all woven together like chainmail, 275 00:16:32,760 --> 00:16:35,280 that was hung between surface floats 276 00:16:35,320 --> 00:16:37,280 and huge chunks of concrete on the seabed. 277 00:16:38,640 --> 00:16:40,880 As well as protecting against u-boats, 278 00:16:40,920 --> 00:16:43,720 lookout towers warned of incoming aircraft 279 00:16:43,760 --> 00:16:45,040 or naval attacks. 280 00:16:47,800 --> 00:16:49,400 It's hard to imagine now 281 00:16:49,440 --> 00:16:52,640 but this was once a hive of activity. 282 00:16:52,680 --> 00:16:55,680 Hundreds of ships and thousands of men 283 00:16:55,720 --> 00:16:58,280 all crammed in to this small area. 284 00:17:00,680 --> 00:17:05,640 This is loch ewe, a sea loch used as a secret assembly point 285 00:17:05,680 --> 00:17:07,080 in the second world war, 286 00:17:08,480 --> 00:17:09,720 its need was driven 287 00:17:09,760 --> 00:17:12,240 by the German invasion of the Soviet union. 288 00:17:19,520 --> 00:17:22,760 When the Germans attack Russia 289 00:17:22,800 --> 00:17:25,400 on June 22, 1941, 290 00:17:25,440 --> 00:17:27,920 they sweep initially 291 00:17:27,960 --> 00:17:30,920 almost literally to the gates of Moscow. 292 00:17:30,960 --> 00:17:35,320 And first britain and then once america enters the war, 293 00:17:35,360 --> 00:17:38,920 america promise aid to Russia. 294 00:17:42,680 --> 00:17:46,680 These vital supplies had to be transported by sea to Russia 295 00:17:46,720 --> 00:17:49,960 from a suitable base and it had to remain secret. 296 00:17:54,560 --> 00:17:57,040 People often ask why loch ewe. 297 00:17:58,120 --> 00:17:59,336 And the answer is quite simple, 298 00:17:59,360 --> 00:18:01,760 it's at the extreme range for German bombers 299 00:18:01,800 --> 00:18:03,920 at the beginning of the war. 300 00:18:03,960 --> 00:18:07,280 It's got a narrow entrance which makes it easier to protect, 301 00:18:07,320 --> 00:18:09,280 it's deep up to 240ft... 302 00:18:10,480 --> 00:18:14,160 And its wide and it's a safe Anchorage. 303 00:18:17,080 --> 00:18:19,680 Loch ewe is a different kind of loch, 304 00:18:19,720 --> 00:18:23,240 it's a narrow inlet of the sea. 305 00:18:23,280 --> 00:18:27,280 It's salt water, it is exposed to the elements... 306 00:18:28,400 --> 00:18:31,280 But it's a really clever place 307 00:18:31,320 --> 00:18:34,760 to tuck away a big naval operation 308 00:18:34,800 --> 00:18:37,720 until you're ready to let it loose on the world. 309 00:18:40,840 --> 00:18:43,600 By February 1942, loch ewe 310 00:18:43,640 --> 00:18:47,360 was fully operational as a base for the arctic convoys, 311 00:18:47,400 --> 00:18:50,080 with its first convoy sailing that same month. 312 00:18:52,520 --> 00:18:54,600 Merchant ships carried the supplies 313 00:18:54,640 --> 00:18:57,240 and were escorted by ships of the royal Navy, 314 00:18:57,280 --> 00:18:59,120 and the Canadian and us navies. 315 00:19:00,800 --> 00:19:03,000 The arctic convoy is one of the biggest examples 316 00:19:03,040 --> 00:19:04,400 of cooperation during the war, 317 00:19:04,440 --> 00:19:07,640 it was a combined operation of 14 different nations 318 00:19:07,680 --> 00:19:10,760 ranging all the way from India through Panama, 319 00:19:10,800 --> 00:19:14,160 the Netherlands, the UK, Canada, the us, the list goes on. 320 00:19:15,240 --> 00:19:16,400 Men would have been drafted 321 00:19:16,440 --> 00:19:18,440 from all of these various places 322 00:19:18,480 --> 00:19:21,600 and put on ships and sent up to loch ewe. 323 00:19:21,640 --> 00:19:22,640 These men would have 324 00:19:22,680 --> 00:19:25,320 little idea of their ultimate destination. 325 00:19:25,360 --> 00:19:27,960 But all feared the dreaded arctic run. 326 00:19:30,280 --> 00:19:31,280 Often the first clue 327 00:19:31,320 --> 00:19:33,800 they'd have that they were heading out round the north 328 00:19:33,840 --> 00:19:35,680 instead of back down to the south 329 00:19:35,720 --> 00:19:37,360 would be the ships would be loaded 330 00:19:37,400 --> 00:19:38,600 with cold weather gear, 331 00:19:38,640 --> 00:19:41,120 cold weather gear consists of a sturdy coat... 332 00:19:42,240 --> 00:19:45,320 Not much to protect you against the ice and hail 333 00:19:45,360 --> 00:19:46,800 and freezing waves. 334 00:19:48,200 --> 00:19:50,680 The route for transporting supplies to Russia 335 00:19:50,720 --> 00:19:52,440 was a highly treacherous one. 336 00:19:54,080 --> 00:19:55,760 The best route, 337 00:19:55,800 --> 00:19:58,480 the fastest and most efficient route 338 00:19:58,520 --> 00:20:01,720 to get warm material to Russia 339 00:20:01,760 --> 00:20:04,800 was through the ice free northern ports 340 00:20:04,840 --> 00:20:07,240 and that's murmansk and archangelsk 341 00:20:07,280 --> 00:20:08,960 and that is going this northern route. 342 00:20:10,560 --> 00:20:14,880 Ships on the murmansk run had to worry about the Nazi's, 343 00:20:14,920 --> 00:20:18,080 they had to worry about u-boats, destroyers, 344 00:20:18,120 --> 00:20:20,840 battle cruisers operating out of Norway. 345 00:20:20,880 --> 00:20:23,680 Nazi planes flying out of Norway. 346 00:20:25,160 --> 00:20:29,800 Then had to navigate the perils of the icy arctic water. 347 00:20:29,840 --> 00:20:32,560 Fog that camouflaged icebergs 348 00:20:32,600 --> 00:20:35,560 and snow storms raging across their bows. 349 00:20:37,240 --> 00:20:39,520 Many were young boys you'd have volunteered, 350 00:20:39,560 --> 00:20:41,000 some as young as 16. 351 00:20:41,040 --> 00:20:43,600 The merchant seamen never signed up for war 352 00:20:43,640 --> 00:20:46,560 and here they find themselves amidst ice, storms, 353 00:20:46,600 --> 00:20:49,280 gails and the constant threat of the enemy. 354 00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:53,240 Could they successfully arm the Soviets 355 00:20:53,280 --> 00:20:57,160 against the biggest land invasion in human history? 356 00:20:57,200 --> 00:21:00,720 And would loch ewe manage to stay under the Nazi radar? 357 00:21:02,080 --> 00:21:03,640 (Dramatic music) 358 00:21:09,680 --> 00:21:13,840 Ships that arrived in loch ewe had to pass an examination vessel 359 00:21:13,880 --> 00:21:16,280 and then once through the boom net, 360 00:21:16,320 --> 00:21:18,960 which was for protecting against enemy subs, 361 00:21:19,000 --> 00:21:21,160 they were allocated a place to anchor. 362 00:21:22,360 --> 00:21:25,520 We had to have lots of buildings to accommodate sailors 363 00:21:25,560 --> 00:21:29,040 and to accommodate the dockyard technicians 364 00:21:29,080 --> 00:21:31,320 who would do all the work of refuelling, 365 00:21:31,360 --> 00:21:35,000 resupplying and repairing ships. 366 00:21:35,040 --> 00:21:36,400 But the key was to avoid 367 00:21:36,440 --> 00:21:39,280 alerting the Nazi's to their presence. 368 00:21:39,320 --> 00:21:41,840 You want to have radio silence 369 00:21:41,880 --> 00:21:45,080 because your enemy will have direction finders 370 00:21:45,120 --> 00:21:49,560 so you want to have prominent signal posts 371 00:21:49,600 --> 00:21:51,720 so you can use light signals, 372 00:21:51,760 --> 00:21:54,200 signal flags to communicate 373 00:21:54,240 --> 00:21:57,360 throughout the fleet through visual signals 374 00:21:57,400 --> 00:21:59,560 and not use the radio. 375 00:21:59,600 --> 00:22:01,560 Your best defence is secrecy. 376 00:22:03,200 --> 00:22:08,360 A total of 19 convoys made up of 481 merchant ships 377 00:22:08,400 --> 00:22:13,080 and over 100 naval escort vessels left loch ewe for Russia 378 00:22:13,120 --> 00:22:14,360 during world war ii. 379 00:22:15,880 --> 00:22:18,200 Part of a highly effective convoy system. 380 00:22:20,160 --> 00:22:22,160 What is amazing though is that 381 00:22:22,200 --> 00:22:25,760 despite German attacks only 7% 382 00:22:25,800 --> 00:22:29,680 of the ships and convoy traffic 383 00:22:29,720 --> 00:22:32,040 through northern Russia will be lost. 384 00:22:34,640 --> 00:22:38,720 This vast volume of materials and weapons flowing in to Russia 385 00:22:38,760 --> 00:22:42,400 helped the Soviets fend off Hitler's massive invasion force. 386 00:22:44,160 --> 00:22:46,720 The boots that they wore 387 00:22:46,760 --> 00:22:50,240 in Russia were made in america, 388 00:22:50,280 --> 00:22:52,440 the jeeps that they drove in Russia 389 00:22:52,480 --> 00:22:53,840 were made in america. 390 00:22:53,880 --> 00:22:57,400 Because we the western allies were able to ship 391 00:22:57,440 --> 00:23:00,640 so much stuff to the Soviet union, 392 00:23:00,680 --> 00:23:03,840 the Soviets were able to keep on fighting 393 00:23:03,880 --> 00:23:08,040 and without the Russians defeating the Nazi's from the east, 394 00:23:08,080 --> 00:23:12,360 we all would not have been able to defeat the Nazi's. 395 00:23:14,840 --> 00:23:19,400 After April 1945, loch ewe became a marshalling point 396 00:23:19,440 --> 00:23:21,280 for many of the German u-boats 397 00:23:21,320 --> 00:23:23,600 that had surrendered whilst still at sea. 398 00:23:25,720 --> 00:23:29,160 Yet this success still came at great cost. 399 00:23:29,200 --> 00:23:31,800 3,000 or so brave young men 400 00:23:31,840 --> 00:23:36,000 went up north and died on what Winston Churchill called 401 00:23:36,040 --> 00:23:38,160 the worst journey in the world. 402 00:23:40,480 --> 00:23:44,520 Loch ewe is a monument to the way that people came together, 403 00:23:44,560 --> 00:23:48,520 the Russians, the Americans, the British, Canadians, 404 00:23:48,560 --> 00:23:52,080 all came together to defeat the Nazi's. 405 00:23:56,880 --> 00:23:59,680 Today the Russian arctic convoy museum 406 00:23:59,720 --> 00:24:03,520 works to ensure these stories of bravery live on, 407 00:24:03,560 --> 00:24:06,200 along with these concrete remains. 408 00:24:08,840 --> 00:24:10,120 They need to be preserved 409 00:24:10,160 --> 00:24:11,520 to let people know that... 410 00:24:12,960 --> 00:24:14,240 Sacrifices were made. 411 00:24:21,240 --> 00:24:23,960 In the open countryside of north Indiana 412 00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:27,080 lies a sprawling network of over grown structures 413 00:24:27,120 --> 00:24:28,800 that hide a secret past. 414 00:24:33,280 --> 00:24:38,320 This is a complex that covers thousands of acres 415 00:24:38,360 --> 00:24:42,280 and what you see are clusters 416 00:24:42,320 --> 00:24:45,840 of buildings, widely separated. 417 00:24:45,880 --> 00:24:49,320 Some of them festooned with undergrowth and trees, 418 00:24:49,360 --> 00:24:51,960 some of them look almost like tree houses. 419 00:24:52,000 --> 00:24:53,680 When you get up close 420 00:24:53,720 --> 00:24:57,600 you can see that the buildings are strangely segmented 421 00:24:57,640 --> 00:25:01,960 with large walls covering each segment. 422 00:25:02,000 --> 00:25:07,600 This looks like a place that people forgot about entirely. 423 00:25:07,640 --> 00:25:12,680 Did something desperate happen to warn people to stay away? 424 00:25:14,760 --> 00:25:17,320 The scale of the site suggests this place 425 00:25:17,360 --> 00:25:19,960 was once of Paramount importance 426 00:25:20,000 --> 00:25:23,080 but it's the distinctive layout and design of the buildings 427 00:25:23,120 --> 00:25:24,920 that offer the clues as to why. 428 00:25:26,640 --> 00:25:29,560 What you're looking at is 429 00:25:29,600 --> 00:25:33,040 something that is certainly organised 430 00:25:33,080 --> 00:25:38,160 not for efficiency but for safety factors. 431 00:25:39,400 --> 00:25:43,560 What could be so important but also so dangerous? 432 00:25:49,840 --> 00:25:52,040 Overgrown and abandoned today 433 00:25:52,080 --> 00:25:54,320 this place was once filled with workers. 434 00:25:56,080 --> 00:25:59,880 Amongst them in the 1950s was fern eddy Schultz 435 00:25:59,920 --> 00:26:01,800 who was employed here as a secretary. 436 00:26:04,240 --> 00:26:06,720 Much of the work she did was highly confidential. 437 00:26:07,800 --> 00:26:09,160 The saying here was 438 00:26:09,200 --> 00:26:11,136 what you're seeing here and what you hear here you 439 00:26:11,160 --> 00:26:12,520 let it stay here. 440 00:26:12,560 --> 00:26:15,160 We weren't at Liberty to go out 441 00:26:15,200 --> 00:26:16,920 and tell anybody a lot of the things 442 00:26:16,960 --> 00:26:18,560 that we saw go on. 443 00:26:20,200 --> 00:26:22,880 It's no accident that this site was built out here 444 00:26:22,920 --> 00:26:24,440 in rural Indiana. 445 00:26:26,960 --> 00:26:28,880 But secrecy wasn't the only reason. 446 00:26:31,200 --> 00:26:34,200 If you're gonna build a factory to make jeeps 447 00:26:34,240 --> 00:26:35,880 you'll do it in Detroit 448 00:26:35,920 --> 00:26:37,840 because that's where the work force is, 449 00:26:37,880 --> 00:26:40,480 that's where the facilities are. 450 00:26:40,520 --> 00:26:42,200 If you are gonna build things that 451 00:26:42,240 --> 00:26:46,600 go bang you don't want to do it in the middle of a city. 452 00:26:48,080 --> 00:26:51,160 Hidden in the woods are clues to what this place was. 453 00:26:52,440 --> 00:26:55,320 Look at the way escape slides had been 454 00:26:55,360 --> 00:26:57,400 located around the place. 455 00:26:57,440 --> 00:27:01,680 Those are not there for fun, this is not a playground. 456 00:27:03,520 --> 00:27:06,400 The chutes were for the safety of the employees 457 00:27:06,440 --> 00:27:08,800 in the event there was a, what we called a blow. 458 00:27:10,960 --> 00:27:14,520 This was the kingsbury ordnance plant. 459 00:27:14,560 --> 00:27:17,280 A vast ammunition manufacturing site. 460 00:27:19,120 --> 00:27:23,480 On 7 December, 1941, Japan attacked the naval base 461 00:27:23,520 --> 00:27:26,200 at Pearl harbour and the us 462 00:27:26,240 --> 00:27:28,760 soon entered the second world war. 463 00:27:28,800 --> 00:27:31,480 Sites like this were desperately needed 464 00:27:31,520 --> 00:27:32,800 but getting a place like 465 00:27:32,840 --> 00:27:36,720 kingsbury built and up to speed would take months if not years. 466 00:27:39,440 --> 00:27:41,600 To successfully fight 467 00:27:41,640 --> 00:27:45,000 a major war in Europe and the pacific 468 00:27:45,040 --> 00:27:46,240 you needed ammunition. 469 00:27:47,280 --> 00:27:51,600 The us government goes to a place in Indiana 470 00:27:51,640 --> 00:27:52,800 that's right on the railway, 471 00:27:53,840 --> 00:27:57,280 it's near the coal and steel output 472 00:27:57,320 --> 00:27:59,240 of the mid-west in Pittsburgh, 473 00:27:59,280 --> 00:28:03,640 it's built on 13,500 acres of farmland. 474 00:28:04,720 --> 00:28:07,680 This site is huge. 475 00:28:07,720 --> 00:28:11,680 And you've got these very widely spaced factories 476 00:28:11,720 --> 00:28:15,560 so that if there is a disaster in one area, 477 00:28:15,600 --> 00:28:18,240 it won't set off all the others in a chain reaction. 478 00:28:21,720 --> 00:28:24,680 The site also included ammunition storage, 479 00:28:24,720 --> 00:28:29,320 barracks, laboratories, offices and testing facilities. 480 00:28:29,360 --> 00:28:32,120 All linked together by miles of rail tracks. 481 00:28:33,520 --> 00:28:35,680 Fern remembers her time working here 482 00:28:35,720 --> 00:28:38,560 years later during the 1950s, 483 00:28:38,600 --> 00:28:40,840 the systems however were much the same. 484 00:28:42,160 --> 00:28:45,120 We're on a one line and on the one line 485 00:28:45,160 --> 00:28:48,040 they made what we call fuses and boosters, 486 00:28:48,080 --> 00:28:49,960 the fuses were part of something 487 00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:53,240 that set the ammunition off when it was fired. 488 00:28:53,280 --> 00:28:57,040 The booster boosted the capacity of the fuse. 489 00:28:57,080 --> 00:28:58,880 The final product on the two line 490 00:28:58,920 --> 00:29:01,120 was a 20 millimetre shell 491 00:29:01,160 --> 00:29:03,640 and on the three line was a 30 millimetre 492 00:29:03,680 --> 00:29:07,080 and so on down the line to the five line. 493 00:29:08,760 --> 00:29:13,040 Separating the facilities wasn't the only safety measure taken 494 00:29:13,080 --> 00:29:16,240 because the work being carried out inside these buildings 495 00:29:16,280 --> 00:29:19,400 also dictated how they were built. 496 00:29:19,440 --> 00:29:20,560 The main thing that 497 00:29:20,600 --> 00:29:23,560 they're producing here is smokeless powder 498 00:29:24,640 --> 00:29:28,320 and it's a process that uses a lot of different acids, 499 00:29:28,360 --> 00:29:31,080 it's a very dangerous process to do. 500 00:29:32,160 --> 00:29:35,240 You see the interior walls are really solid 501 00:29:35,280 --> 00:29:37,880 and then the exterior walls 502 00:29:37,920 --> 00:29:42,960 and the roofs are relatively thinly built of light steel, 503 00:29:43,000 --> 00:29:44,440 glass, plastic, 504 00:29:44,480 --> 00:29:47,720 and that's so that if there's an accident 505 00:29:47,760 --> 00:29:51,280 the interior wall will be so strong 506 00:29:51,320 --> 00:29:53,880 that it will direct the blast toward the weaker areas away 507 00:29:53,920 --> 00:29:58,120 from the very valuable machinery and also the man power. 508 00:29:58,160 --> 00:30:00,720 But with the us suddenly embroiled in war 509 00:30:00,760 --> 00:30:02,880 in the pacific and in Europe, 510 00:30:02,920 --> 00:30:06,040 how would such a vast site be made ready in time? 511 00:30:10,160 --> 00:30:14,760 In December 1941, the us entered the second world war, 512 00:30:14,800 --> 00:30:16,760 while the attack on Pearl harbour 513 00:30:16,800 --> 00:30:19,480 had come as a sudden tragic surprise, 514 00:30:19,520 --> 00:30:22,000 the military had been preparing to enter the war 515 00:30:22,040 --> 00:30:25,880 for some time and sites like the kingsbury ordnance plant 516 00:30:25,920 --> 00:30:28,120 had actually been operational for months. 517 00:30:29,320 --> 00:30:33,120 You see the story begins long before 518 00:30:33,160 --> 00:30:35,240 the Americans go to war in Pearl harbour. 519 00:30:36,520 --> 00:30:41,400 United States although not willing to actively 520 00:30:41,440 --> 00:30:43,200 jump in to world war ii, 521 00:30:43,240 --> 00:30:47,160 saw the danger of a possible Nazi victory 522 00:30:47,200 --> 00:30:49,920 and began a massive rearmament program. 523 00:30:51,960 --> 00:30:54,400 As early as the summer of 1941 524 00:30:54,440 --> 00:30:55,880 kingsbury had been shipping out 525 00:30:55,920 --> 00:30:58,560 munitions to Europe to aid the allies. 526 00:30:58,600 --> 00:31:02,040 From here its importance would only increase. 527 00:31:02,080 --> 00:31:04,320 This place kingsbury ordnance plant 528 00:31:04,360 --> 00:31:09,120 was an absolutely critical piece of the us war machine 529 00:31:09,160 --> 00:31:10,240 in world war ii. 530 00:31:11,360 --> 00:31:13,520 At its height in a single day, 531 00:31:13,560 --> 00:31:17,080 kingsbury produced 180,000 point detonating fuses... 532 00:31:18,120 --> 00:31:20,960 Over 46,000 40 millimetre shells 533 00:31:22,040 --> 00:31:25,680 and 500,000 rounds of 20 millimetre ammunition. 534 00:31:26,960 --> 00:31:31,000 But to achieve this staggering output level it needed workers, 535 00:31:31,040 --> 00:31:34,840 something that was hard to find in rural Indiana. 536 00:31:34,880 --> 00:31:37,360 They purpose built a neighbourhood 537 00:31:37,400 --> 00:31:40,680 here at kingsbury heights to house people 538 00:31:40,720 --> 00:31:42,760 because there was nobody here. 539 00:31:42,800 --> 00:31:46,040 In all close to 21,000 people worked at the site. 540 00:31:47,120 --> 00:31:49,600 In amongst them was a great number of women 541 00:31:49,640 --> 00:31:52,720 both breaking down old social conventions 542 00:31:52,760 --> 00:31:54,720 and doing their part for the war effort. 543 00:31:56,160 --> 00:31:59,120 They are working full shifts, 544 00:31:59,160 --> 00:32:02,320 double shifts in factories, 545 00:32:02,360 --> 00:32:07,320 and that changes not only the way others see them 546 00:32:07,360 --> 00:32:09,640 but it changes the way they see themselves. 547 00:32:12,440 --> 00:32:14,080 But despite the progress 548 00:32:14,120 --> 00:32:16,680 the work force faced numerous dangers 549 00:32:16,720 --> 00:32:19,920 and ailments that could last a lifetime. 550 00:32:19,960 --> 00:32:22,800 People are being exposed to toxic chemicals. 551 00:32:22,840 --> 00:32:26,920 People are getting burns from flammables 552 00:32:26,960 --> 00:32:28,760 and in some cases 553 00:32:28,800 --> 00:32:32,880 people are displaying really worrying symptoms. 554 00:32:34,240 --> 00:32:37,400 Employees were forced to wear these powder suits, 555 00:32:37,440 --> 00:32:39,080 they had to remove all jewellery, 556 00:32:39,120 --> 00:32:41,280 anything that might cause static electricity, 557 00:32:41,320 --> 00:32:43,000 any kind of friction that could create 558 00:32:43,040 --> 00:32:44,600 a spark would set off 559 00:32:44,640 --> 00:32:47,760 some kind of a conflagration inside the ammunitions plant 560 00:32:47,800 --> 00:32:49,360 or any of its buildings. 561 00:32:49,400 --> 00:32:51,600 In the powder blending areas 562 00:32:51,640 --> 00:32:54,400 people actually turned orange 563 00:32:54,440 --> 00:32:57,560 from handling the material. 564 00:33:00,440 --> 00:33:03,800 When the second world war ended the plant went in to standby 565 00:33:03,840 --> 00:33:07,720 before being called back into action for the korean war. 566 00:33:07,760 --> 00:33:10,800 Finally in 1960 it closed for good. 567 00:33:18,800 --> 00:33:22,160 Today it's a shadow of its former self. 568 00:33:22,200 --> 00:33:25,160 But in its prime, the kingsbury ordnance plant 569 00:33:25,200 --> 00:33:26,600 and those who worked here 570 00:33:26,640 --> 00:33:29,520 were a valuable part of the defence of america. 571 00:33:30,600 --> 00:33:32,760 I think that, there was a feeling amongst all of us 572 00:33:32,800 --> 00:33:37,280 that worked here that we were all part of the war effort. 573 00:33:37,320 --> 00:33:39,520 And we're doing our share. 574 00:33:39,560 --> 00:33:42,440 We're very proud to be making something 575 00:33:42,480 --> 00:33:45,600 that was helping our country be free. 576 00:33:51,320 --> 00:33:55,240 In southern Greece is a barren land that time forgot, 577 00:33:55,280 --> 00:33:57,680 in what's known as the deep mani, 578 00:33:57,720 --> 00:34:01,320 a craggy headland juts out in to the mediterranean sea. 579 00:34:04,400 --> 00:34:06,320 This is an inhospitable landscape 580 00:34:06,360 --> 00:34:10,880 and even today few tourists actually venture this far south. 581 00:34:10,920 --> 00:34:13,640 Near the end of this dramatic peninsula 582 00:34:13,680 --> 00:34:16,920 in what appears almost like mountainous desert 583 00:34:16,960 --> 00:34:19,040 you catch a glimpse of these ruins. 584 00:34:20,720 --> 00:34:22,480 You have the perfect vantage 585 00:34:22,520 --> 00:34:26,000 looking out to sea and down the coast. 586 00:34:26,040 --> 00:34:30,920 These towers look almost military rather than civilian. 587 00:34:30,960 --> 00:34:34,000 They kind of blend in to the landscape 588 00:34:34,040 --> 00:34:38,040 but they are defensive, they are proud 589 00:34:38,080 --> 00:34:39,640 and they are there to be seen. 590 00:34:40,760 --> 00:34:41,840 These constructions 591 00:34:41,880 --> 00:34:44,400 have become synonymous with the maniats, 592 00:34:44,440 --> 00:34:48,240 a great warrior people still revered by Greeks today. 593 00:34:48,280 --> 00:34:51,920 Part of the mystery of the area to me is well, 594 00:34:51,960 --> 00:34:56,680 who were these war faring maniats, you know, where did they come from? 595 00:34:56,720 --> 00:34:59,360 Some believe they descend from the spartans 596 00:34:59,400 --> 00:35:01,040 and thus they have this kind of 597 00:35:01,080 --> 00:35:03,920 mythical invincibility in Greek culture. 598 00:35:05,240 --> 00:35:08,400 Over the centuries the maniats developed a reputation 599 00:35:08,440 --> 00:35:10,120 as fierce some fighters. 600 00:35:12,200 --> 00:35:14,640 How did they garner this reputation 601 00:35:14,680 --> 00:35:16,960 and how did these now battered towers 602 00:35:17,000 --> 00:35:18,440 fit in to that story? 603 00:35:23,960 --> 00:35:26,240 Local guide and author Matthew Dean 604 00:35:26,280 --> 00:35:28,600 has been exploring these castle-like structures 605 00:35:28,640 --> 00:35:29,960 for over 30 years. 606 00:35:31,480 --> 00:35:32,480 You just have to walk 607 00:35:32,520 --> 00:35:35,840 around these ruined towers and imagine 608 00:35:35,880 --> 00:35:39,440 what was it like 100 years ago, 200 years ago, 609 00:35:39,480 --> 00:35:42,120 it's a place for those who like using their imagination 610 00:35:42,160 --> 00:35:44,120 rather than seeing something directly 611 00:35:44,160 --> 00:35:45,240 for what it is now. 612 00:35:46,920 --> 00:35:49,560 So, if we look at the, the towers themselves, 613 00:35:49,600 --> 00:35:53,040 the first thing that strikes you is just how tall they are, 614 00:35:53,080 --> 00:35:54,840 three or four storeys high. 615 00:35:54,880 --> 00:35:55,920 Why? 616 00:35:55,960 --> 00:35:57,120 Defence. 617 00:35:57,160 --> 00:35:59,000 From there you get a great view 618 00:35:59,040 --> 00:36:01,760 over potential threats arriving by sea. 619 00:36:03,400 --> 00:36:05,920 The towers are narrow, 620 00:36:05,960 --> 00:36:08,000 they've got tiny windows 621 00:36:08,040 --> 00:36:09,880 and on top there are turrets 622 00:36:09,920 --> 00:36:12,080 and they are also places where you could put weapons. 623 00:36:13,560 --> 00:36:16,720 So, when designing your bespoke war tower 624 00:36:16,760 --> 00:36:18,840 you had a number of choices, 625 00:36:18,880 --> 00:36:21,880 sometimes they'd build just a war tower on its own 626 00:36:21,920 --> 00:36:25,120 which is only ever used, in times of war, 627 00:36:25,160 --> 00:36:26,760 or to make life a bit easier 628 00:36:26,800 --> 00:36:30,080 you'd add on a more open easier 629 00:36:30,120 --> 00:36:33,120 to live in space for times of peace 630 00:36:33,160 --> 00:36:36,080 and then when the threat comes you'd retreat in 631 00:36:36,120 --> 00:36:37,920 to the tower for as long as necessary. 632 00:36:41,040 --> 00:36:45,320 In the 15th century Greeks came to this remote mani peninsula 633 00:36:45,360 --> 00:36:47,400 fleeing the area around sparta 634 00:36:47,440 --> 00:36:49,480 when it was taken by the ottoman Turks. 635 00:36:51,120 --> 00:36:53,960 The new inhabitants who became known as the maniats 636 00:36:54,000 --> 00:36:56,160 developed a certain notoriety 637 00:36:56,200 --> 00:36:58,400 and would inspire a revolution 638 00:36:58,440 --> 00:37:01,120 but in the meantime survival was everything. 639 00:37:02,840 --> 00:37:05,600 The number one concern was defence. 640 00:37:05,640 --> 00:37:07,960 Both defence against foreign invaders 641 00:37:08,000 --> 00:37:11,400 coming in by sea whether it was venetians or Turks 642 00:37:11,440 --> 00:37:13,960 but also due to the lack of resources 643 00:37:14,000 --> 00:37:16,200 in this very infertile area 644 00:37:17,320 --> 00:37:21,520 it was to defend your own family against your neighbour. 645 00:37:21,560 --> 00:37:23,800 You had to fight your neighbour literally to survive. 646 00:37:26,560 --> 00:37:28,080 Ritualised vendettas 647 00:37:28,120 --> 00:37:32,120 between families could last for months, even years. 648 00:37:32,160 --> 00:37:36,440 So, feuding became a fairly regular part of life 649 00:37:36,480 --> 00:37:39,320 for the, the maniats living down here. 650 00:37:39,360 --> 00:37:44,480 An English colonel in 1805 noted that over the last 40 years 651 00:37:44,520 --> 00:37:48,360 100 of vatheia's men had been killed 652 00:37:48,400 --> 00:37:50,760 in an ongoing feud between two families. 653 00:37:52,720 --> 00:37:56,840 To lose 100 men out of a total population of 300 654 00:37:56,880 --> 00:37:58,800 is a huge amount 655 00:37:58,840 --> 00:38:00,400 and that gives you an idea 656 00:38:00,440 --> 00:38:03,240 of how bitter the feuds were in this area. 657 00:38:05,960 --> 00:38:07,960 And so you and your clan needed to 658 00:38:08,000 --> 00:38:12,160 defend your plot against others with equal ambitions, 659 00:38:12,200 --> 00:38:14,760 whether Turks, venetians, 660 00:38:14,800 --> 00:38:16,480 pirates or neighbouring clans, 661 00:38:17,960 --> 00:38:21,120 the method of defence, to build a tower. 662 00:38:23,840 --> 00:38:26,440 These are the mani towers of vatheia. 663 00:38:29,920 --> 00:38:31,320 The design of the towers 664 00:38:31,360 --> 00:38:34,240 played a crucial role in protection from your enemies. 665 00:38:35,640 --> 00:38:37,840 Not only did these stone 666 00:38:37,880 --> 00:38:40,320 sky scrapers give you a good vantage point 667 00:38:40,360 --> 00:38:43,720 to view any potential aggressors on the horizon, 668 00:38:44,880 --> 00:38:47,000 they also gave you a high vantage point 669 00:38:47,040 --> 00:38:50,520 to defend for potential ground attackers. 670 00:38:50,560 --> 00:38:53,680 Small windows, easy to shoot down on your enemy, 671 00:38:53,720 --> 00:38:55,040 even better if you block them up 672 00:38:55,080 --> 00:38:57,080 leaving just a tiny hole for the muskets 673 00:38:57,120 --> 00:39:00,040 and small doorways are much harder to breach. 674 00:39:02,040 --> 00:39:05,360 Construction of the towers increased in the late 18th century 675 00:39:05,400 --> 00:39:07,320 as the Turkish threat intensified 676 00:39:09,800 --> 00:39:12,920 and the maniats bitterly resisted the ottoman Turks 677 00:39:12,960 --> 00:39:14,880 who now controlled the rest of Greece. 678 00:39:16,360 --> 00:39:18,360 The fighting between the Turks and the maniats 679 00:39:18,400 --> 00:39:20,360 was particularly vicious. 680 00:39:20,400 --> 00:39:23,000 If a maniat went down in battle and was injured, 681 00:39:23,040 --> 00:39:24,920 a fellow soldier would take him, 682 00:39:24,960 --> 00:39:27,600 kiss him on the forehead and then lop off his head, 683 00:39:27,640 --> 00:39:31,400 it was better to die at the hand of your fellow man 684 00:39:31,440 --> 00:39:33,520 than to fall in to the Turks hands. 685 00:39:35,160 --> 00:39:38,400 In to the early 1800s a revolution was brewing. 686 00:39:39,640 --> 00:39:40,880 This was the moment 687 00:39:40,920 --> 00:39:44,160 when the maniats would seal their reputation as great warriors. 688 00:39:46,400 --> 00:39:47,440 The war for independence 689 00:39:47,480 --> 00:39:49,400 started down here in the mani, 690 00:39:49,440 --> 00:39:52,920 significant clansmen gathered there their troops together, 691 00:39:52,960 --> 00:39:54,600 hooked up with other clansmen 692 00:39:54,640 --> 00:39:58,160 and together they all marched to meet up with kolokotronis, 693 00:39:58,200 --> 00:40:01,120 who all Greeks regard as the father of the revolution. 694 00:40:02,800 --> 00:40:06,360 Throughout Greece there developed a slogan freedom 695 00:40:06,400 --> 00:40:09,480 or victory whereas the mani's version, 696 00:40:09,520 --> 00:40:13,240 it was a little different, death or victory. 697 00:40:15,160 --> 00:40:17,880 And this sums up the difference with the maniats, 698 00:40:17,920 --> 00:40:20,400 they always consider themselves free 699 00:40:20,440 --> 00:40:23,960 and independent and never subject to ottoman rule. 700 00:40:25,880 --> 00:40:28,360 By 1826, ottoman soldiers 701 00:40:28,400 --> 00:40:31,680 renewed their offensive in the mani peninsula. 702 00:40:31,720 --> 00:40:34,000 7,000 men were forced to retreat 703 00:40:34,040 --> 00:40:36,720 by the fierce maniats attacking from their towers. 704 00:40:38,640 --> 00:40:42,240 Greek independence was finally secured in 1830 705 00:40:42,280 --> 00:40:44,680 and the mani's resistance of the Turks 706 00:40:44,720 --> 00:40:46,160 has never been forgotten. 707 00:40:48,760 --> 00:40:50,560 This is the only part of Greece 708 00:40:50,600 --> 00:40:52,720 that never fell to the Turks, 709 00:40:52,760 --> 00:40:55,560 that never became part of the ottoman empire. 710 00:40:58,080 --> 00:40:59,736 The pride that the Greeks feel for this area 711 00:40:59,760 --> 00:41:02,120 comes from their determination 712 00:41:02,160 --> 00:41:05,320 not to be conquered by the ottoman empire, 713 00:41:05,360 --> 00:41:09,280 the rest of Greece fell including crete behind us, 714 00:41:09,320 --> 00:41:11,240 but the mani remained independent. 715 00:41:12,720 --> 00:41:15,440 The mani had been making their homes in towers 716 00:41:15,480 --> 00:41:18,080 for not decades but hundreds of years 717 00:41:18,120 --> 00:41:22,040 and the towers evolved over time starting off very small, 718 00:41:22,080 --> 00:41:25,680 very military, a statement of power to external enemies 719 00:41:25,720 --> 00:41:28,520 but over time they become slightly more domestic 720 00:41:28,560 --> 00:41:31,640 but still with that structure, that power. 721 00:41:35,440 --> 00:41:39,360 Over time the inhabitants emigrated to major cities 722 00:41:39,400 --> 00:41:41,520 with many heading to Western Europe, 723 00:41:41,560 --> 00:41:43,600 Australia and the United States. 724 00:41:46,040 --> 00:41:47,360 The fact that these towers 725 00:41:47,400 --> 00:41:50,880 were orientated towards war and defence means that 726 00:41:50,920 --> 00:41:53,480 they just don't have a place in the modern world. 727 00:41:53,520 --> 00:41:56,960 So, they remain largely blocked up 728 00:41:57,000 --> 00:41:59,560 and left gradually crumbling away. 729 00:42:09,520 --> 00:42:12,640 I think it's important the vatheia remains preserved 730 00:42:12,680 --> 00:42:16,720 because it's a very clear indication of past times 731 00:42:16,760 --> 00:42:18,640 where life was difficult, 732 00:42:18,680 --> 00:42:20,480 life was violent and yet 733 00:42:20,520 --> 00:42:23,840 within such dire circumstances 734 00:42:23,880 --> 00:42:25,760 there was still a fierce pride 735 00:42:25,800 --> 00:42:30,240 and almost a sense of nobility of being a member of that society. 736 00:42:37,160 --> 00:42:38,680 (Dramatic music) 737 00:42:42,480 --> 00:42:44,960 Now, they're abandoned crumbling ruins, 738 00:42:46,360 --> 00:42:49,200 many remind us of dark times 739 00:42:49,240 --> 00:42:52,760 but some were once beacons of hope and progress... 740 00:42:53,960 --> 00:42:57,080 Lasting testimonies to human imagination, 741 00:42:57,120 --> 00:42:59,280 enterprise and spirit. 742 00:43:04,480 --> 00:43:07,480 Captioned by ai-media ai-media. TV 58738

Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.