All language subtitles for Abandoned.Engineering.S04E08.Pyramiden.Norway.1080p.WEB-DL.AAC2.0.H.264-squalor_track3_[eng]

(Dramatic music)

Tom ward (narrates): A vast
complex at the ends of the earth...

No-one wanted to end
up here and if you did,

it was likely you
would never leave.

..A deserted outpost lost
in a freezing landscape...

The amount of engineering
efforts that needed to go

into sustaining the work force

went above and beyond
what was necessary.

..The battered remains of
a monumental project built

in a dangerous place...

You've got the constant

and unrelenting
pressure from the ocean.

..And the ruins of a notorious
regimes chilling prototype.

It's strange, it's weird.

Why would somebody put this much
cement in the middle of the woods?

Some are engineering
marvels, now abandoned.

Others are ruins
shrouded in mystery.

Within these decaying structures
are the echoes of history.

Some are associated
with dark times.

But they also remind us of
human ingenuity and endeavour.

Each haunted shell is
ready to be unmasked

to tell its own unique story.

(Dramatic music)

In the Norwegian
archipelago of Svalbard,

which lies in the arctic ocean,

there's a strange looking town

with an almost
supernatural atmosphere.

To find something on
this scale, it's amazing.

Everything seems to be
in pretty good condition,

it's all very well built

but what strikes you is
the backdrop to this town

is this quite strange-looking,
pyramid-shaped mountain

and it gives the whole
place a kind of mystical feel.

(Breeze)

The breath-taking scenery
has a savage beauty.

This is miles away

from any other
kinds of civilisation,

it's subjected to such brutal
environmental conditions.

This is quite a
dangerous place to be,

cut off from the
rest of the world,

freezing temperatures
and long, dark winters.

The harsh conditions here would
probably scare off most people.

But this was clearly
no ordinary settlement.

There's something more to
this town than just functionality,

there is a certain air of
grandiosity or sherriness.

It's engineered, it's
built, it's decorated,

the piano is
waiting to be played.

All that is lacking
is a population.

So, why build

such an elaborate-looking
town miles from anywhere?

And why is it now abandoned?

For almost a century

the islands of Svalbard
have been a part of Norway.

But almost everything on show
here suggests a foreign country

was actually in control.

(Dramatic music)

Everywhere you look,

there's a flavour and a really
strong hint of the Soviet union

down to the signs,
the architecture...

And the bust of Lenin in
the town's central square.

It's astonishing to
see the head of Lenin

still looking boldly
across the town

just as though the
Berlin wall never fell.

Named after the
strange-shaped mountain

that looms over the buildings,

this is the Soviet
town of pyramiden.

At its peak, this was home
to more than 1,000 people.

Today, just a
handful of volunteers

like galina nosachenko
tend the site.

But in fact, they're not alone.

(Eerie music)

Even though the
people have left,

the town often sees some
quite dangerous visitors.

So, what was it that made people
come all the way out here to live?

In the beginning, at least,
the answer lay underground...

Coal.

There are lots of countries
that were interested in this place

because of the coal

but when you weighed
up all the options,

many people thought
it wasn't worth it.

But the Soviets felt it was.

It's such an incredibly
inhospitable environment

to live in, let alone mine in.

How do you create a
settlement there and turn a profit?

(Dramatic music)

The ussr first obtained
mining rights here in 1927.

And by the middle of the
century, during the cold war era,

it was pouring
money into the town.

But the extravagance
and opulence suggests

there were other reasons
for the huge investment.

As an engineering project,

it wasn't just the
basic necessities.

There was a level of luxury
to this place that suggested

that there were other
reasons for being here.

They don't only bring coal
mining equipment and shed,

they build first rate
accommodation for everybody.

They make it so
that it's easier to live

at this mining
station in Svalbard

than it is to live
in the ussr itself.

Located over 700
miles from the ussr,

the excellent facilities here

were far superior to
any other mining town

behind the iron curtain.

The coal then was
not the only reason

the Soviets were here.

Some people believe that
there was never enough coal

there to sustain a prosperous
town and community.

And that, in fact, it's
real purpose all along

was to gain a
foothold in the west.

During the tense standoff
and stalemate of the cold war,

the Soviets were
looking for any opportunity

to gain access to the west.

Since the expansion of
the communist territories

after the world war ii,

mistrust between Russia and
the usa was at an all-time high.

It was an ideological war

where both sides raced for
nuclear and technological superiority.

Throughout the world,

the two super powers
began exerting their influence

over smaller countries,

like Svalbard

that might be used for espionage

or as a launch space
for nuclear missiles.

Knowing that an all-out war
would lead to nuclear oblivion,

the battle for political influence
over these proxy countries

became a key battle
ground in the cold war

as both sides sought
to convince the world

that their very different
political systems were superior.

But this place wasn't built
for spying or for the military.

This was something different.

This was an opportunity
for propaganda,

an opportunity to
showcase to the west,

in the west, how
communism actually worked.

Building a showpiece
city in Svalbard

meant that on
Norwegian territory,

in a place theoretically
visible to the entire world,

everything that was the
best about the Soviet union

could be put on display.

While the money
and support lasted,

pyramiden was a
beacon of communism.

But when the iron curtain
finally lifted in 1991,

reality began to bite.

The original threat
caught up with this place

to get to the lucrative coal,

you had to dig deeper and it
just wasn't worth it in the end.

The mine was already
in a slow decline then,

when a disastrous event
involving many of the towns citizens

came to speed its end.

Tragically in 1996,

a plane flying from Moscow
crashed on descent to the island.

News reader:
Searchers say wreckage

is spread across the
top of opera mountain

and there's speculation

they may have been trying
to keep below the cloud cover.

In total, 141 people
lost their lives.

The community never
recovered from this disaster.

The last tonne of coal was finally
extracted on march 31st, 1998.

And the last inhabitants
left the town for good.

What pyramiden shows us is that
you can pour a huge amount of money

into an engineering ambition.

If that engineering ambition
doesn't support itself,

it will eventually disintegrate.

On the west coast of the usa

in the shadow of the
golden gate bridge

is a rocky bay covered
with bizarre remains.

You see this ruin here, you
have no idea how old it is.

If you were in the
mediterranean,

you might think it dates
back to the time of the romans.

This place is intriguing.

At first glance, you just see these
weather beaten concrete foundations.

The more you look,
the more you see.

It's clearly something that's
been built in and around

using the landscape as
part of it, but why was that?

This eerie debris extends
beyond the cliff tops.

Beneath the rocky shore line,

a series of basins
emerge from the waves.

This thing is huge, this
is not just one little pool,

this covers an area
of about 2 acres.

I mean, it makes you wonder
whether it's something to do with ships,

some sort of
boatyard-y type thing.

Was it some kind of
fish farm or an aquarium?

What was this all for?

And why would an area like
this, right on the edge of the ocean,

be chosen for such
a huge complex?

There was obviously a reason
why they choose that location,

that the sea obviously played
an important role in this building.

But building that
close to the sea

is always gonna
give you trouble.

This coastline construction
would have to face the full force

of the mighty pacific

but that was just one
of the dangers it faced.

A hundred years ago,
this place was full of people

from nearby San Francisco.

In the 19th century,
the city was booming

and its growing population had money
to spend on leisure and enjoyment.

One business man
spotted an opportunity...

Millionaire engineer,
Adolph sutro,

bought the land known
as niad cove in 1881.

Pacific coast near San Francisco
is very rocky with high surf.

Sutra noticed that there
were a lot of tide pools

and the waves would wash
up on the rocks and flow down.

That gave him an idea.

What if he took some of
these natural tide pools

and connected them to
a larger man-made pool,

he could turn that
into an aquarium.

The first step was to build
a basin to collect sea water,

as local historian
John Martini explains.

This is where it all began,

at the very tip of point lobos

furthest west point
in San Francisco,

the workers blasted
away the tip of the point

and they created this basin,
they called the wave catch basin.

A hidden tunnel carried that water
using just gravity to a tank inland

where spectators could observe
the sea creatures within it.

But to construct
something so sophisticated

on the edge of a cliff
would be a huge challenge.

This was a very
dangerous place to work.

You're literally at
the edge of the ocean

that could only
work at low tide.

And the elements
weren't the only threat

to this ambitious plan.

One night, something
washed up nearby

that would endanger
the whole enterprise

and that could have put
an end to sutro's dreams.

We're inside the walls
of the original aquarium,

this collapsed section reflects
the damage that occurred

when a sailing ship loaded
with dynamite wrecked

on the point right out there.

And shortly after midnight,

it blew up with a
monstrous explosion,

a huge piece of the
ship was sent sailing

through the wall
of the aquarium.

With the site not yet completed,
it could have been a disaster.

But in fact, sutro used it

as an opportunity
to expand his vision.

What sutro had learned from this

is that he'd come
up with this system

where he could
work with the tides

to fill up pools further inland
and that sparked his imagination.

He decided he wanted
something more,

he wanted a place where
people could actually swim.

The plan sutro was forming

was something on a
scale never seen before.

Sutro's plan was audacious.

His word for it was pretentious.

The idea was to build
a set of swimming pools

fed by the ocean

but covered under glass,
like a giant greenhouse.

These are the remains
of the sutro baths.

Sutro envisaged a grand
cathedral-like structure

on the shore,

enclosed in
100,000sqft of glass.

As well as sea water pools,

the complex would include
over 500 changing rooms,

7 slides and a grand
sweeping staircase.

But could sutro's epic
plan be made into a reality?

You are building a structure

that has to sort of deal with
large waves, small waves,

depending on what
the ocean's doing.

So, it's a real interface
between engineering and nature

that was being attempted here.

Who was going to win?

Building so close to
the ocean meant nothing

could be taken for granted.

The derelict ruins would suggest
that things didn't go to plan.

Sutro made several
attempts to contain his pool

and at first, they kept getting
washed away by the storms.

It was only with the construction
of a monumental concrete wall,

9ft deep and 285ft long,

that workers were able to begin
building the rest of the complex.

It wasn't just a single big
pool, it was subdivided.

There were five smaller pools,

one, two, three, four, five

that were heated to
different temperatures,

the warmest one was the
one that was right behind me

but was closest to
the power house.

5 boilers heated up to
2 million gallons of water

bought in from the ocean,

which was then released
into the different pools.

Overall, the building
was able to accommodate

up to 10,000 people.

Sutro had created the world's
largest indoor swimming baths.

When the sutro
baths opened in 1894,

people were just overwhelmed.

The scale of the
place was just so huge.

You know, sutro said that
union square in San Francisco,

the big downtown park
could fit inside this building.

It wasn't just a pool, it
was an amphitheatre.

He knew that not everyone
would want to swim,

some people just came
and watched the swimmers,

so he had rows
and rows of seats.

The entire place was decorated
like some kind of lovely fantasy land.

Sutro did nothing half way.

Not only was it beautiful,
but it was also genius.

When the tide was high, the
water would come into the bath,

and then obviously
when the tide became low,

it would take the water with it.

And in that way, he had built
a self regulating swimming pool

that would refresh with
the tides twice every day.

The baths were a great success.

So, why is there so
little left of them today?

This building did
not have an easy life,

it's on the coast, so it
was battered by storms.

And although they
didn't know it yet,

it's one of the world's
most dangerous areas

in terms of earthquakes.

News reader: The west
coast city of San Francisco

was struck by a violent
earthquake in 1906.

Although it lasted
less than a minute,

75% of the city was destroyed,
but not the sutro baths.

They survived an earthquake,

so what was it that
bought about their end?

This beautiful building
that had been able

to withstand an earthquake

but also decades of
being that close to the sea

was finally destroyed in a
bizarre twist of fate by fire.

In 1966, a fire broke out here.

Fanned by strong winds, it
quickly turned in to a raging inferno.

And within hours, the
once magnificent baths

were raised to the ground.

It's often the thing
around the corner

that you're not expecting
that leads to the demise

and end of what were
really quite fantastical ideas

that someone put in to an
engineering masterpiece.

Today, the site is maintained
by the national park service.

And although they're long gone,
the baths still fascinate people.

As one person said,

"you know, San Francisco
is a very young city,

"we don't have a lot of ruins.

"But by god, these
are our ruins."

And every day hundreds,
if not, thousands of people

are crawling around,

basically trying to figure
out what was this place.

At the southern tip of Australia,
on the island of tasmania

is a collection of
imposing buildings.

At first glance, this
looks like a grand site,

a royal or aristocratic home

but there's more here
than meets the eye.

In all of this lush vegetation

to see what looks
like a created ruin

of a medieval Abbey

with all of its dormitories
and workshops and church,

it's a little bit strange.

It's a bewildering
mix of buildings,

different sizes and shapes.

It looks as if it might have had
some factory or warehouse purpose,

there's even a feeling of
something slightly sinister about it.

It doesn't quite, as a building
and an ensemble, make sense.

It really feels like you're at
the very edge of the world.

You get the sense that
whoever designed this place

wanted to isolate its
population from everyone else.

Why build such a
diverse group of structures

in this far-flung location?

Behind their grand facades,

these buildings hide
a darker purpose.

It's odd how only a
few dilapidated buildings

can take a gorgeous scene
of beautiful countryside

and turn it into
something that feels

gas though there's deep
human misery involved.

This became one of the most
feared places in the region.

No-one wanted to end
up here and if you did,

it was likely you
would never leave.

Why did this remote
place strike terror

into the hearts
of all who knew it?

Although buildings are on the
edge of the southern hemisphere,

their roots lay 10,000
miles away in britain.

In the 18th century,

new punishments for
crimes were being introduced

and the British courts
began sentencing convicts

to transportation to the
country's new colonies.

Because people were starting
to view capital punishment

as unfair and inhumane,

instead of hanging people

who were repeat offenders
or serious criminals,

we'd just send them away.

Originally, the eastern
seaboard of america

was the destination of
choice for britain's prisoners.

They would send them
to penile colonies there

such as that in what
became the state of Georgia.

But that system was
forced to change after 1783.

After the American
war of independence,

britain had to completely
rethink its penile policy,

as it could no longer
send convicts there.

So, in that new world,

Australia became the epicentre
of its deportation programme

and some of the worst offenders

from the British empire
were sent to Australia.

In 1770,

British explorer captain cook
had landed in botany bay,

christening it new south wales.

Transportation to Australia
began just 18 years later.

And the authorities weren't
exactly short of people to deport.

The urbanisation of britain,

especially during the
industrial revolution,

saw crimes both petty and
serious sharply increase.

Eventually this new location
would hold over 165,000 people

from across the British empire,

becoming effectively the
empire's largest prison.

Before long, penile colonies

had been established all across
this vast southern continent.

And here in tasmania was the largest
and the most infamous of them all...

Port Arthur.

It was designed
to be escape proof,

there was only one
passage to the mainland

and the water
was full of sharks.

And that one passage to
the mainland had fences,

armed guards and
even half-starved dogs

to ensure security.

Located on a remote peninsula
surrounded on 3 sides by water,

the port Arthur penal
colony held 9,000

of the British empire's
most dangerous prisoners.

Port Arthur became notorious
for two sorts of offenders.

Repeat offenders,

those who willingly
chose not to be reformed

and continue
their life of crime,

and those who committed some
of the most heinous offences.

This place is an idealistic
settlement for prisoners

and the idea is that
we'll allow the prisoners

through work to
redeem themselves.

This was the site
of a giant experiment

which tested out a cutting-edge
approach to criminal justice.

One of the driving
ideas of this new thinking

was productivity,

the idea that if people
could be made to be useful,

then they would
feel some purpose.

So, in addition to
being a prison facility,

it also became,

in a very major sense,
a production site.

Port Arthur was
an industrial prison

where convicts were
used for forced labour.

For the prisoners who cut
timber, built ships and ground grain,

conditions were harsh.

One of the worst jobs
was in the flour mill

as historical archaeologist
Richard tuffin explains.

So, this wall that we're
looking at is the treadwheel wall,

this is where there
was a big wheel

and that had 56 men
on it at any one time

and they would be turning the
wheel and grinding the grain.

These guys were doing
thousands of steps per day.

So, it was an incredibly
harsh punishment.

You also have this economic element
as they are just grinding the grain,

making the flour that is going
in to the rations for the convicts.

But the port Arthur system didn't
just involve physical punishment.

Central to the
rehabilitation of the prisoners

was psychological treatment.

Behind this new thinking

were the ideas of
one man in particular,

Jeremy Bentham,

who urged the world to think

that beatings and floggings

only entrenched
criminal behaviour

and that the world
had to find another way

to try and deal with, minimise
and repurpose criminals.

This might have been seen
as a softening of the system.

But the new rehabilitation
methods were just as extreme.

At the edge of the colony

is the building known
as the separate prison.

This facility is for the people

who are too rough

for the regular
prisoners in tasmania.

In this facility, the prisoners are
kept under constant observation,

in solitary confinement,
in thick walled cells.

Prisoners wore hoods,

they weren't allowed to
communicate with other prisoners.

It was a psychologically
brutal system,

they were locked up for
23 hours a day in isolation

and total silence was
imposed on them at all times.

This is the solitary punishment
cell of the separate prison.

So, whilst convicts will be
kept in the cells for 23 hours

in the separate prison,

those who continued to misbehave

would be bought into this cell

which was a punishment
cell in solitary confinement.

They would be in here for up
to 48 hours on bread and water,

there were 4 doors,
very thick walls,

no-one could hear
them scream out

if they were in this place,

and what they would
do is shut the doors

and they would
be left in the dark.

To encourage the convicts
to reflect on their crimes,

silence and isolation
were enforced everywhere.

The prisoners are sent to
church for their improvement,

obvious thing to do,

but we don't want the
prisoners to see each other.

So, their church pews
are built as little stalls,

they can see the minister,
they can listen to the sermon

but they can't look at or
listen to the other prisoners.

It's hard to imagine a more
dramatic stripping away

of identity of sense of self,

you must have felt that you
were truly alone in the world.

So, what became of the convicts
who were sent to port Arthur?

Some of these prisoners survived

and were trained as craftsmen

and became part of the
permanent population of the colony.

For those who weren't so lucky,

there was a cemetery
on the campus as well,

known as the isle of the dead.

And over 1,000 convicts
had known to be buried there,

the vast majority
in unmarked graves.

Transportation from britain
was ended in the 1850s.

And in 1877, Australia's
largest and most infamous prison

was closed down.

But port Arthur quickly
got a new lease of life.

As soon as it closed, the
public flocked in as tourists,

eager to see and experience

what the convicts
had been put through.

The historic site was turned
into a popular open-air museum

and port Arthur reverted to being
a peaceful corner of tasmania.

But one last act
of terrible savagery

would take place there.

(Siren wails)

In 1996, port Arthur became

the site of the deadliest mass
shooting in Australian history.

Thirty five people were
killed by a lone gunman.

The atrocity shook
Australia to the core.

Within four months, the government
put major gun reform in place...

And automatic and semi
automatic weapons were banned.

Gun laws were imposed
and over a million weapons

were handed in to the
Australian government

and destroyed.

The massacre at port Arthur
had changed Australia forever.

Today, it's one of Australia's
most important historic sites.

But the grim memories
of the suffering

that took place here remain.

In the steep hills of
southern Germany,

outside the bavarian
city of nuremberg

lie the overgrown remains

of a monumental
construction project.

If you're going through
an ancient sacred forest,

the last thing you expect
is for the woods to end,

where someone has
scraped away the forest

and left almost no trees behind.

The forest is littered
with solid lumps of stone.

If I saw this in a town,

I'd think I was looking
at the ruins of a building

that had been demolished.

What you're seeing
makes you think

of ruins of ancient
Roman or Greek cities

that you might
find in Asia minor.

What was once the
acropolis of a city.

But this site has a dark past

which is linked to an
evil regime's epic plans.

The layout of these
blocks suggests that

this was part of something
that could be much larger.

Does the unique situation
of these structures hint

at why they were built?

They are dispersed over
an almost vertical slope.

When you stumble across them,

you kind of wonder

what the purpose of this
stepped formation up a hill was for.

It's strange, it's weird.

Why would somebody
put this much cement

in the middle of the woods?

The story begins 20 miles west

of these neglected
ruins in nuremberg,

a city that was central to the
Nazi vision of Adolph Hitler.

(Dramatic music)

The nazification of
Germany began in 1934,

when after the death of
president Paul Von hindenburg,

Hitler combined the offices

and powers of the
chancellery and the presidency.

And a national referendum
confirmed him as fuhrer.

In a country battered
by the great depression,

Hitler ended the scourge
of mass unemployment

through a programme
of extensive public works

which famously included the
construction of the autobahns

and by enormously
increasing military spending.

When the Nazis start to have

their great big
political pep rallies,

they have them in nuremberg.

The Nazi party develop
the idea of nuremberg

as almost the capital
of the Aryan race.

It made the regime
increasingly popular,

a seemingly endless tide
of pro Nazi propaganda

orchestrated by Joseph goebbels

rammed home the
message to the public.

Slowly but surely,

the insidious evils
of the Nazi creed

began to take hold of Germany.

It was helped by the fiery
oratory of Hitler himself

and the mass rallies which
were held at nuremberg

became powerful

and frightening
symbols of Nazi might.

Hitler loved his German history
and as a German nationalist.

By making nuremberg the centre
for the Nazi party rallying days,

he is hearkening
back very, very directly

to the first reich

which lasted 1,000 years and
which created the German nation.

Nuremberg was the
most important stage

to present the Nazi party

and it was the central cultic
space for the Nazi movement.

They wanted to show the whole
world and the Germans, too,

that they are a movement who
can speak for the whole people.

There's one leader and the
people stands behind him.

To show the world
that the third reich

intended dominating
Europe forever,

Hitler ordered the
complex of grand edifices

that glorified the
Nazi regime to be built.

The final building was
to be a national stadium

of truly epic scale.

The ambition for this project

was to create massive
auditorium space

that could house 405,000 people.

This was gonna be a stadium

as big as the four largest
stadiums in the United States today.

No stadium in the
world has ever been

as big as this new German
stadium was going to be.

But first, it had to be built.

The vast scale of
the deutsches stadion

or German stadium would be
a challenge for Nazi architect

and close ally of
Hitler, Albert spear.

To be able to create
a structure like this

was a real statement of power
and dominance and authority.

But what does this have to do
with the concrete ruins on the hill

in the woods 20
miles from nuremberg?

Spear realised that
to build the stadium,

he would first need a prototype.

Historian doctor Alexander
schmidt has investigated the site.

What we have here
is a concrete wall,

it's part of the foundation of
the whole wooden construction

for the visitor benches.

You have to imagine that

there are long
benches for the visitors

and the hill is
without any trees,

so you have free
sight to the bottom.

(Dramatic drum roll)

In 1937, work began
on a life-size model

and this was the test site.

In the Nazi times,

you have here a realistic
one-to-one-scale model

of the biggest
stadium of the world.

It was important to test
out the concept of building

such an enormous stadium,

look at things like
sight lines and seating.

But if they'd had to
build all of the structures

that would have to hold up
the new German stadium,

it would have taken forever

and it would have used
way too much material.

So, what the Germans
did was they found a hill

that was just the right
angle to simulate the angle

that they wanted the stadium
to be at when they finished it.

Building a scale model

allows you to
improve the design,

but building on
an actual test site

allows you to really
experience what it would be like.

For 18 months, hundreds of
workers laboured to construct

this enormous prototype.

The end result was
five levels of bleachers

capable of holding
thousands of people.

But only one person could
sign off on the final design.

Albert spear comes with Hitler

and he needs his
permission to go on,

and Hitler was only here one day

on this 21 march, 1938,

Hitler said, "ok, we do it."

The sinister reason behind
Hitler's determination to construct

such a vast stadium

lies in his plans for
world domination.

When it was completed,

the German stadium in nuremberg

would provide
the perfect location

to demonstrate the
unrivalled strength of the reich.

Nazi ideology
requires eternal war,

the Aryan race has
got to keep on fighting

in order to perfect itself.

This is the concept
from the beginning.

If you wanted a war
against the whole world,

then you have to have soldiers.

Once they conquered all
of the surrounding nations,

once they killed all of
the Jews and gypsies

and Russians and everybody,

what would they do
to continue to fight?

They would hold
life-and-death war games

where they came together
in this massive stadium

for the pleasure of
the German people

and the continued
improvement of the Aryan race.

This stadium was the
place to celebrate this aim.

You only are a good German

if you can fight as a young man.

But these ruins are all that
remain of this terrifying vision

of Aryan dominance.

When war broke out, the building
of the stadium in nuremberg

was put on hold and then
eventually abandoned.

Today, the concrete foundations
are being reclaimed by nature.

Ironically, the wooden
bleachers that once stood here

have since helped repair
some of the damage

caused by the Nazi regime.

The wood here is after the war,

used for rebuilding a
little village here nearby,

achtel was destroyed
at the end of the war

and this is a very
better use for this wood

than for a senseless one-to-one
scale of the German stadium.

Now, they lie abandoned,

but once, they were the
cutting edge of engineering.

There are echoes of history
within these decaying structures.

They remind us of terror and war

but also of great innovation
and human endeavour.

Captioned by
ai-media ai-media. TV