All language subtitles for Why the North Pole looked like this on Old Maps.en

check out this map of the Arctic from

check out this map of the Arctic from
the 16th century there are four major

the 16th century there are four major

the 16th century there are four major
land masses surrounding a polar sea with

land masses surrounding a polar sea with

land masses surrounding a polar sea with
a massive magnetic rock in its Center

a massive magnetic rock in its Center

a massive magnetic rock in its Center
called rupus Negra Latin words for

called rupus Negra Latin words for

called rupus Negra Latin words for
BlackRock

BlackRock

BlackRock
if we do a quick search through

if we do a quick search through

if we do a quick search through
raremaps.com's massive inventory for

raremaps.com's massive inventory for

raremaps.com's massive inventory for
more like it we find dozens of similar

more like it we find dozens of similar

more like it we find dozens of similar
depictions

depictions

depictions
here is one by Dutch cartographer

here is one by Dutch cartographer

here is one by Dutch cartographer
cornelis deota in 1593 another from one

cornelis deota in 1593 another from one

cornelis deota in 1593 another from one
of the founders of the Dutch East India

of the founders of the Dutch East India

of the founders of the Dutch East India
Company Petrus plantius in 1594 and one

Company Petrus plantius in 1594 and one

Company Petrus plantius in 1594 and one
last example Abraham ortalia says 1570

last example Abraham ortalia says 1570

last example Abraham ortalia says 1570
world map and what is considered the

world map and what is considered the

world map and what is considered the
first modern Atlas

first modern Atlas

first modern Atlas
so where did these depictions originate

so where did these depictions originate

so where did these depictions originate
just as Tara Australis and the South

just as Tara Australis and the South

just as Tara Australis and the South
this mysterious land to the north can be

this mysterious land to the north can be

this mysterious land to the north can be
traced back to ancient Greek writers

traced back to ancient Greek writers

traced back to ancient Greek writers
it was called hyperborea which Loosely

it was called hyperborea which Loosely

it was called hyperborea which Loosely
translates to Beyond The North Wind

translates to Beyond The North Wind

translates to Beyond The North Wind
these ancient writers didn't unanimously

these ancient writers didn't unanimously

these ancient writers didn't unanimously
agree on everything about hyperborea

agree on everything about hyperborea

agree on everything about hyperborea
including its location other than it was

including its location other than it was

including its location other than it was
to the north

to the north

to the north
one of the Legends was that the sun rose

one of the Legends was that the sun rose

one of the Legends was that the sun rose
in set just once a year indicating that

in set just once a year indicating that

in set just once a year indicating that
it was somewhere within the Arctic

it was somewhere within the Arctic

it was somewhere within the Arctic
Circle despite this it was also said to

Circle despite this it was also said to

Circle despite this it was also said to
enjoy a moderate climate some of its

enjoy a moderate climate some of its

enjoy a moderate climate some of its
other characteristics included having

other characteristics included having

other characteristics included having
strong connections to Apollo and being

strong connections to Apollo and being

strong connections to Apollo and being
home to people as tall as 10 feet they

home to people as tall as 10 feet they

home to people as tall as 10 feet they
could live to be a thousand years old

could live to be a thousand years old

could live to be a thousand years old
it was allegedly nearly invaded by an

it was allegedly nearly invaded by an

it was allegedly nearly invaded by an
army of 10 million men from a

army of 10 million men from a

army of 10 million men from a
neighboring Island but the Army turned

neighboring Island but the Army turned

neighboring Island but the Army turned
back when they realized the hyperboreans

back when they realized the hyperboreans

back when they realized the hyperboreans
could not be defeated that's more than

could not be defeated that's more than

could not be defeated that's more than
five times the number of soldiers that

five times the number of soldiers that

five times the number of soldiers that
landed in Normandy in the first three

landed in Normandy in the first three

landed in Normandy in the first three
days of the Allied invasion in World War

days of the Allied invasion in World War

days of the Allied invasion in World War
II which is generally accepted as the

II which is generally accepted as the

II which is generally accepted as the
largest Seabourn invasion in history

largest Seabourn invasion in history

largest Seabourn invasion in history
two thousand years later there were

two thousand years later there were

two thousand years later there were
still stories about a mythical land to

still stories about a mythical land to

still stories about a mythical land to
the north though some things had changed

the north though some things had changed

the north though some things had changed
let's go back to that first map shown

let's go back to that first map shown

let's go back to that first map shown
which is the most well known it was

which is the most well known it was

which is the most well known it was
created by someone you've probably heard

created by someone you've probably heard

created by someone you've probably heard
of even if you don't recognize the name

of even if you don't recognize the name

of even if you don't recognize the name
you're at least familiar with his work

you're at least familiar with his work

you're at least familiar with his work
his name is gerardus Mercator he's known

his name is gerardus Mercator he's known

his name is gerardus Mercator he's known
for his famous projection created for

for his famous projection created for

for his famous projection created for
navigation that makes Greenland look

navigation that makes Greenland look

navigation that makes Greenland look
like the size of Africa it's also

like the size of Africa it's also

like the size of Africa it's also
commonly used in classrooms and by

commonly used in classrooms and by

commonly used in classrooms and by
navigational apps like Google Maps

navigational apps like Google Maps

navigational apps like Google Maps
however as you can see on his world map

however as you can see on his world map

however as you can see on his world map
it would have been difficult to use for

it would have been difficult to use for

it would have been difficult to use for
navigation in the Arctic region though

navigation in the Arctic region though

navigation in the Arctic region though
he did make a more accurately depicted

he did make a more accurately depicted

he did make a more accurately depicted
Arctic region as an inset

Arctic region as an inset

Arctic region as an inset
but trade had been increasing over the

but trade had been increasing over the

but trade had been increasing over the
16th century between Europe and the East

16th century between Europe and the East

16th century between Europe and the East
Indies and it was a long journey between

Indies and it was a long journey between

Indies and it was a long journey between
them

them

them
the route at the time was south and

the route at the time was south and

the route at the time was south and
around Africa a Northeast passage could

around Africa a Northeast passage could

around Africa a Northeast passage could
reduce shipping times to and from the

reduce shipping times to and from the

reduce shipping times to and from the
East Indies from two years or more to

East Indies from two years or more to

East Indies from two years or more to
about six months it would also help

about six months it would also help

about six months it would also help
avoid many hazards such as run-ins with

avoid many hazards such as run-ins with

avoid many hazards such as run-ins with
rival Nations wear and tear on ships

rival Nations wear and tear on ships

rival Nations wear and tear on ships
tropical diseases and the still

tropical diseases and the still

tropical diseases and the still
mysterious disease scurvy one in five

mysterious disease scurvy one in five

mysterious disease scurvy one in five
ships and one in three employees of the

ships and one in three employees of the

ships and one in three employees of the
Dutch East India Company never came back

Dutch East India Company never came back

Dutch East India Company never came back
from the round Africa route

from the round Africa route

from the round Africa route
with the growing interest Mercator

with the growing interest Mercator

with the growing interest Mercator
dedicated a map to the Arctic which was

dedicated a map to the Arctic which was

dedicated a map to the Arctic which was
actually published by his son rumored

actually published by his son rumored

actually published by his son rumored
Mercator in 1595 the year after

Mercator in 1595 the year after

Mercator in 1595 the year after
gerardus's death

gerardus's death

gerardus's death
it's also the first Standalone map of

it's also the first Standalone map of

it's also the first Standalone map of
the Arctic region

the Arctic region

the Arctic region
Mercator and probably other

Mercator and probably other

Mercator and probably other
cartographers going at least as far back

cartographers going at least as far back

cartographers going at least as far back
as 1492 got their information from a

as 1492 got their information from a

as 1492 got their information from a
book titled itinerarium which was

book titled itinerarium which was

book titled itinerarium which was
written by Jacobus noyan this book

written by Jacobus noyan this book

written by Jacobus noyan this book
summarized a travelogue titled inventio

summarized a travelogue titled inventio

summarized a travelogue titled inventio
fortunata meaning Fortune discovery

fortunata meaning Fortune discovery

fortunata meaning Fortune discovery
this book was by a 14th century

this book was by a 14th century

this book was by a 14th century
Franciscan Friar and mathematician who

Franciscan Friar and mathematician who

Franciscan Friar and mathematician who
claimed to have explored the region in

claimed to have explored the region in

claimed to have explored the region in
1360 on behalf of Edward III of England

1360 on behalf of Edward III of England

1360 on behalf of Edward III of England
Johannes Rouse cited inventio fortunata

Johannes Rouse cited inventio fortunata

Johannes Rouse cited inventio fortunata
on his 1507 world map

on his 1507 world map

on his 1507 world map
but Jacobus noyan never actually saw

but Jacobus noyan never actually saw

but Jacobus noyan never actually saw
this book he received this information

this book he received this information

this book he received this information
from a priest who said he had met the

from a priest who said he had met the

from a priest who said he had met the
author of infantia fortunata when the

author of infantia fortunata when the

author of infantia fortunata when the
man gave him an astrolabe in exchange

man gave him an astrolabe in exchange

man gave him an astrolabe in exchange
for a Bible Mercator wrote on his world

for a Bible Mercator wrote on his world

for a Bible Mercator wrote on his world
map we have taken the Arctic geography

map we have taken the Arctic geography

map we have taken the Arctic geography
from the itinerarium of Jacobus noyan of

from the itinerarium of Jacobus noyan of

from the itinerarium of Jacobus noyan of
the Hague who makes some citations from

the Hague who makes some citations from

the Hague who makes some citations from
the gesta of Arthur of Britain however

the gesta of Arthur of Britain however

the gesta of Arthur of Britain however
the greater and most important part he

the greater and most important part he

the greater and most important part he
learned from a certain priest at the

learned from a certain priest at the

learned from a certain priest at the
court of the king of Norway in 1364.

court of the king of Norway in 1364.

court of the king of Norway in 1364.
in 1577 Mercator wrote a letter to

in 1577 Mercator wrote a letter to

in 1577 Mercator wrote a letter to
English astronomer John D about the

English astronomer John D about the

English astronomer John D about the
Arctic region and referenced itinerarium

Arctic region and referenced itinerarium

Arctic region and referenced itinerarium
once again in this letter he wrote in

once again in this letter he wrote in

once again in this letter he wrote in
the midst of the four countries is a

the midst of the four countries is a

the midst of the four countries is a
Whirlpool into which there emptied these

Whirlpool into which there emptied these

Whirlpool into which there emptied these
four in drawing Seas which divide the

four in drawing Seas which divide the

four in drawing Seas which divide the
North

North

North
and the water rushes round and descends

and the water rushes round and descends

and the water rushes round and descends
into the Earth just as if one was

into the Earth just as if one was

into the Earth just as if one was
pouring it through a filter funnel it is

pouring it through a filter funnel it is

pouring it through a filter funnel it is
four degrees wide on every side of the

four degrees wide on every side of the

four degrees wide on every side of the
pole that is to say eight degrees

pole that is to say eight degrees

pole that is to say eight degrees
altogether except that right under the

altogether except that right under the

altogether except that right under the
pole there lies a bare rock in the midst

pole there lies a bare rock in the midst

pole there lies a bare rock in the midst
of the sea its circumference is almost

of the sea its circumference is almost

of the sea its circumference is almost
33 French miles

33 French miles

33 French miles
and it is all magnetic Stone and is as

and it is all magnetic Stone and is as

and it is all magnetic Stone and is as
high as the clouds so the priest said

high as the clouds so the priest said

high as the clouds so the priest said
who had received the astrolabe from this

who had received the astrolabe from this

who had received the astrolabe from this
minorite

minorite

minorite
in exchange for a testament and the

in exchange for a testament and the

in exchange for a testament and the
menorite himself had heard that one can

menorite himself had heard that one can

menorite himself had heard that one can
see all around it from the sea and that

see all around it from the sea and that

see all around it from the sea and that
it is black and glistening and nothing

it is black and glistening and nothing

it is black and glistening and nothing
grows thereon for there is not so much

grows thereon for there is not so much

grows thereon for there is not so much
as a handful of soil on it

as a handful of soil on it

as a handful of soil on it
the friar also claimed to have

the friar also claimed to have

the friar also claimed to have
encountered pigmates

encountered pigmates

encountered pigmates
it's unclear if the original book

it's unclear if the original book

it's unclear if the original book
infintio is the source of this concept

infintio is the source of this concept

infintio is the source of this concept
about the North Pole a similar story was

about the North Pole a similar story was

about the North Pole a similar story was
written by the historian Gerald of Wales

written by the historian Gerald of Wales

written by the historian Gerald of Wales
in the late 12th or early 13th century

in the late 12th or early 13th century

in the late 12th or early 13th century
here is what he had to say

here is what he had to say

here is what he had to say
not far from the aisles towards the

not far from the aisles towards the

not far from the aisles towards the
north there is a monstrous Gulf in the

north there is a monstrous Gulf in the

north there is a monstrous Gulf in the
sea towards which all sides the Billows

sea towards which all sides the Billows

sea towards which all sides the Billows
of the sea coming from remote parts

of the sea coming from remote parts

of the sea coming from remote parts
converge and run together as they're

converge and run together as they're

converge and run together as they're
brought there by a conduit

brought there by a conduit

brought there by a conduit
pouring into these mysterious abysses of

pouring into these mysterious abysses of

pouring into these mysterious abysses of
nature they are as though devoured

nature they are as though devoured

nature they are as though devoured
thereby and should it happen that a

thereby and should it happen that a

thereby and should it happen that a
vessel passed there it is seized and

vessel passed there it is seized and

vessel passed there it is seized and
drawn away with such powerful violence

drawn away with such powerful violence

drawn away with such powerful violence
of the waves that this hungry Force

of the waves that this hungry Force

of the waves that this hungry Force
immediately swallows it up never to

immediately swallows it up never to

immediately swallows it up never to
appear again

appear again

appear again
by the 1630s mercator's depiction of the

by the 1630s mercator's depiction of the

by the 1630s mercator's depiction of the
region disappeared from Maps due to real

region disappeared from Maps due to real

region disappeared from Maps due to real
discoveries and competing theories about

discoveries and competing theories about

discoveries and competing theories about
the region

the region

the region
holes in the story were even appearing

holes in the story were even appearing

holes in the story were even appearing
to Mercator while the magnetic rock

to Mercator while the magnetic rock

to Mercator while the magnetic rock
seemed like a somewhat logical

seemed like a somewhat logical

seemed like a somewhat logical
explanation as to why a compass would

explanation as to why a compass would

explanation as to why a compass would
Point North this wasn't actually where

Point North this wasn't actually where

Point North this wasn't actually where
the Magnetic North Pole was located

the Magnetic North Pole was located

the Magnetic North Pole was located
Mercator knew this and tried to explain

Mercator knew this and tried to explain

Mercator knew this and tried to explain
away the discrepancy by adding a second

away the discrepancy by adding a second

away the discrepancy by adding a second
Rock but it would still be nearly

Rock but it would still be nearly

Rock but it would still be nearly
another 300 years of theories rumors and

another 300 years of theories rumors and

another 300 years of theories rumors and
lies about the geography of the Arctic

before I end this video thank you to

before I end this video thank you to
raremaps.com for sponsoring this video

raremaps.com for sponsoring this video

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brandmaps.com is an online antique map

brandmaps.com is an online antique map

brandmaps.com is an online antique map
shop with over 10 000 maps in their

shop with over 10 000 maps in their

shop with over 10 000 maps in their
inventory which includes most of the

inventory which includes most of the

inventory which includes most of the
maps you saw in this video such as

maps you saw in this video such as

maps you saw in this video such as
mercator's Arctic map

mercator's Arctic map

mercator's Arctic map
theirs is actually a first edition

theirs is actually a first edition

theirs is actually a first edition
even if you don't plan on purchasing

even if you don't plan on purchasing

even if you don't plan on purchasing
they're a great resource for learning I

they're a great resource for learning I

they're a great resource for learning I
often start my research for my videos

often start my research for my videos

often start my research for my videos
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