Original subtitles

for a century the Titanic has been

hidden in

darkness 2 and 1/2 miles down at the

bottom of the

Atlantic now a new investigation is

about to drain the ocean pull the plug

of the Atlantic and reveal the

r the Titanic as she's never been seen

before and in bright light of day we

uncover critical New pieces of evidence

not previously

visible from giant gouges on the ocean

floor to damage from the iceberg that

sliced her open a team of scientists

equipped with cuttingedge tools now

tackles the longstanding mysteries of

the disaster that could rewrite the

Titanic

Story drain Drive

this is the wreck of the Titanic as

you've never seen it

[Music]

before it's the most infamous ship in

all

history the

Titanic from a time when ocean liners

are racing to be the biggest fastest and

best the RMS Titanic is a technological

Marvel when she set sail in

1912 she's the largest moving man-made

object on the

planet an unsinkable

ship but around 2 and 1 half th000 miles

into her maiden voyage

disaster 1,500 passengers and crew

dragged down to the icy

deps and more than a century later we

still don't know exactly what happened

that

night how she sank and broke

apart hundreds of passengers and crew

witnessed the tragedy and lived to tell

the tale yet countless unanswered

questions

remain we have lots of historic

information but often there are biases

in in those historical accounts even the

eyewitnesses of the sinking of Titanic

had many different perceptions of how

that sinking took place so the best way

to unravel uh some of those those

questions is to use

science explorers first discovered the

Titanic's wreckage in September 1985

[Music]

since then more than 20 Expeditions have

gone back to the

ship 2 and 1/2 miles down this is a

place as alien as the surface of the

Moon only a few yards of the Titanic's

Hull are visible in an Explorer's

headlights at any one time

nobody's ever been able to see the whole

wreck or even find the edges of the

site in the past trying to understand

Titanic with the existing technology was

like trying to draw a map of downtown

Manhattan from the height of a 10-story

building in a vehicle that has the

windows fogged up it's pitch black and

you're trying to look at it through a

flashlight

challenging to say the

least critical Clues to understanding

the disaster still lurk in this

Darkness now a team of scientists funded

by the legal Steward of the wreck RMS

Titanic Inc are set to change all

that and bring the Titanic into the

clear light of day for the first

time an epic high-tech investigation to

discover exactly how and why she

sank the Titanic mapping

project the mission use Cutting Edge

sonar mapping technology to scan every

part of the r and build a precise

Digital model of the

Titanic as she sits on the ocean

floor their data will allow us to

virtually peel back the sea

strip away trillions of gallons of the

Atlantic

Ocean and 2 and 1/2 miles

down reveal the unsinkable

Titanic drained drve on the ocean

floor but scanning the deep ocean isn't

easy autonomous underwater vehicles auvs

have to dive down through 12,000 ft of

water it's incredibly challenging to

work at Titanic it's dangerous it's a

very dangerous place investigators

program the auvs to fly as close as 30

ft above the

rep the underwater drones then fire

signals measuring variations in height

down to the tiniest

detail they crisscross the wreck and

seabed like mowing a gigantic

law each pass scans a 150 ft wide strip

Gathering millions of data

points next the team deploys an ROV a

remote controlled sub attached by cable

to capture thousands of digital images

of every point on the

wreck every single day these vehicles

would come back with some new bit of

information about what was on the

bottom a tidal wave of new data comes to

the

surface more than 160 hours of

video in total 37 terabyt of

data but to see what they've got takes

time over the next week Banks of

computers crunch the raw

data turning millions of sonar points

into a complex model of the rec I

remember all of us sort of sitting

around the computer when we first were

building the 3D layer and seeing the bow

and seeing the stern and in so much

detail we were all sort of grinning at

the screen looking at all that data and

seeing that for the first time was was

pretty

amazing at the same time visualization

expert Bill Lang begins stitching

together thousands of individual images

of the

wank a task that takes him and his team

at woodo oceanographic institution 6

months to

complete it was a very long and tedious

process there were over 200 other

mosaics that were done for site

interpretation and and future

archaeological

work this Ultra highdef imagery together

with the 3D

scan can now unlock a new vision of the

Titanic a wreck that's been shrouded in

darkness for over a century

it's been four years in the

making but now we can strip bare an

extraordinary

landscape pull the plug from the

Atlantic 2 and a half miles

down giant walls of steel Tower into the

SK

Sky sunlight hits her deps once

more and countless Clues to the disaster

start to

emerge this is the drained

Rec of the Titanic

we've drained the

Titanic and for the first time we can

see the ship in its entirety and

unprecedented

detail now investigators can map out the

site's

boundaries and archaeologists get an

overview of a wck that's been hidden for

more than one 100

years it's almost like the fog has been

cleared away you can now start to see

through the Perpetual

Darkness the idea of draining the

Titanic presents the site in a whole

different light it's not impenetrable

it's right there in front of us to

explore

it the Titanic's wreckage is spread out

over half a square mile of the exposed

ocean floor

an area of some 200 soccer

fields the site of RMS Titanic can be

described pretty

basically as two large

features the bow

section and the stern

section which are about a half a mile

apart and then numerous debris

fields in all there are five debris

fields

each scattered with fragments of the

ship and objects that tumbled out as she

sang the stunning Vistas Unleashed by

the new model bring the Titanic back to

life with the water Stripped Away her

story is laid out in plain

sight people think science is uh above

emotion you know when you're looking at

the boat deck where you know so many

people said goodbye to one another these

are important points on that

ship the guard rails where on that

freezing night fathers hugged their

children set them in the lowering

lifeboats and leaned out to catch a

final glimpse of their loved

ones Port holes where passengers trapped

below deck saw the Starry Sky for the

last time as the ship slipped beneath

the wav

and even the Mast of the cros nest where

Lookout Frederick fleet's voice

shattered The Silence of the night as he

first spotted the looming

Iceberg the Titanic's iconic 8 and 1/2

ton anchors still in place gleam in the

bright daylight for the first time in

over a

[Music]

century and with the ocean now sucked

dry

her enormous bow section Towers above

the

seabed despite the violence of the

sinking and all that time on the bottom

what's inside that bow in particular is

still a ghostly sense of the ship that

was inside the bow were many of the most

luxurious of the ship's

features the grand staircase running the

height of five decks

[Music]

the heated swimming pool reserved for

first class passengers

only and a state-of-the-art gy

positioned right up on the boat

deck the model reveals just how intact

this section of the ship really

is embedded in the exposed ocean floor

almost perfectly upright the ghostly

shell of the Titanic seems to be sailing

across the seabed her prow parting the

mud almost like

[Music]

water with 40 ft of the bow above the

ocean floor a full 60 ft must be

buried equivalent to a six-story

building using the depth which it carved

into the seed investigators are refining

their calculations of the impact

speed its descent was very smooth it had

its aerodynamic nose facing into the

direction of

travel so there was no tumbling it was

not particularly violent until the very

last

moment one separated from the rest of

the

ship the bow sank first at about 35 mph

at an angle of 15 to

30° its impact with the seafloor was

like a gigantic 31,000 ton truck

slamming into a snow

drift when the bow finally reached the

bottom it plowed in to the dirt almost

all the way up to the

anchors with the darkness of the deep

drained away it's Crystal

Clear here the impact is Frozen in

Time the investigation is still probing

the data hoping to learn more about how

the bow reached the bottom

and the fact that the Bow's

intact means that they can also examine

the most iconic mystery of the Titanic

the iceberg

impact the official 1912 accident report

seems to suggest the iceberg tore a

gigantic 300 ft gash in the ship's right

hand side ripping open more than a third

of her entire

Hull however eyewitness records proved

the Titanic took around 2 and 1/2 hours

to

sink investigators are puzzled a 300t

hole would surely have sunk the Titanic

in a matter of

minutes Oceanic Explorer pH naral has

made 30 trips 12,000 ft down to the

Titanic but he's never seen a 300t gash

we were trying to find where the Titanic

hit the heberg why it was like that why

we we saw we saw some crack why is there

is a crack here and not

here Nar and the team now turned to the

ultra highresolution photo mosaics of

the wreckage to see what evidence there

might

be this profile view of the bow is

stitched together from over 3,000

individual images

the profile mosaics show Titanic in a

way that that people hadn't seen it

before no one had done a profile view of

Titanic's bow in the 25 years that

people have been going to

Titanic here again even with these pin

Sharp Images they find no sign of

anything approaching a 300t tear on the

hole however when they turn to the video

footage investigators can see much

smaller areas of impact

damage the actual Iceberg damage appears

to be confined to a maybe a 30t length

of the bow wasn't like a gash and it

wasn't uh tens of small

gashes the size of these gaps in the

hull adds up to just 11 Square

ft a breach this size would allow 370

Gall of seawat to gush in every

second and when they analyze how quickly

this would have sunk the

Titanic it turns out to be 2 and 1/2

hours exactly the time the ship actually

took to

save an enduring mystery is solved

the investigations further confirm that

the giant gash is

fiction and that the iceberg made only

small punctures below the water

line that together were enough to

trigger

disaster but for the team there's an

even bigger question looming that our

new model could shed light

on when and where did the ship get torn

in half

how did her valve become separated from

her Stern by a staggering 2,000

ft the answer is here in broad daylight

on the drained sea

Flor in the exposed rack of the

Titanic we're peeling back the Atlantic

Ocean draining its Waters to reveal the

wreckage of the

Titanic this is what the ship looks like

today without 2 and 1/2 mil of Pitch

Black Ocean blocking out the

sun 2,000 ft beyond the massive bow

section in the heart of the debris

Fields lays the dismembered Stern the

back end of the ship it's the second

largest fragment 392 ft long

but it's immediately obvious that it's

in very different condition than the

bowel the stern is a mess it looks like

it's been ripped up like

[Music]

confetti the stern today is pure

chaos some of the Sterns huge metal

components are still intact like the 40t

high engines each the size of a large

[Music]

house but our highly detailed model also

shows decks collapsing as if crushed

together heavy steel beams twisted and

torn like

straws it's hard to figure out what

you're looking at to me it almost looks

like a giant piece of uh of metal

sitting on the seed floor but tough to

make it out as a piece of a ship why is

it in such bad condition

investigators have struggled to fully

explain

this the stern section has its problems

in interpretation because it's so

completely broken up but within the

model there's a vital clue something

that could unlock the Stern's violent

story on the acoustic map you can see

that the stern was turning

counterclock it's a massive Mark carved

into the seabed when the stern made

impact scientists can now read the

tracks and interpret how the stern

impacted the

seafloor you can see very well when the

stern hits the bottom the stern was

still turning and you can see the bottom

of the ship on port side showing that

the the turn was turning in same

time the marks allow investigators to

work out the speed of

[Music]

impact it turns out that the stern was

moving through the water at 50 m per

hour massive forces from the ship

chaotically whipping through the ocean

at such speed help explain why the stern

is so badly damaged

while the hydrodynamic Bell sliced

cleanly through the water and remained

largely

intact if you have a plane that's

damaged in

Flight the air will get under the skin

of the plane and rip pieces off the same

thing would likely have happened with

the Titanic's rapidly disintegrating

Stern at first large chunks came off and

then once the structure resisted did

small pieces like confetti started to

fly

away investigators think High Press

water May then have found a route into

the ship's internal structure slamming

into its interior

walls once the hull is separated from

the

frames water Will Blast through it'll

form a ram all those interior walls were

wooden and they didn't stand a chance

the water started coming through at full

force they were

pulverized to the team this is more

evidence of why the stern now looks like

a massive car

wreck while the bow section remains

intact it's another answer to the

mystery the investigation has now

clarified how the two main sections of

the ship reach the

bottom it's also shown how they impact

and why they look so completely

different but there's still one major

question to tackle how and when did the

Titan break

[Music]

apart with Cutting Edge technology we've

drained the depths of the Atlantic

Ocean and exposed the final resting

place of the

Titanic after 100 Years of Darkness her

decks once more bask in the warmth of

the

sun between the bow and Stern a massive

debris field stretches out for hundreds

of

feet for the

investigators it's a view they've never

seen

before every piece is a potential no

clue in solving the mystery of how and

why the Titanic broke

apart for years the dominant theory has

been that she split in two on the

surface as the sinking bow angled down

lifting the stern High into the air its

own unsupported weight became too much

the ship snapped in half

but with the ocean now drained away new

Clues are emerging that could challenge

that

theory by looking at the pattern in

which the debris fell to the ocean floor

investigators can retrace the way it

fell from the

ship they'll use this Forensic Record to

get an accurate picture of how and when

the boat tore itself to

Pieces but getting the answer will

require a massive

effort the team must scan all the new

underwater data to ID and tag the

position of as many objects as

possible and build a massive digital map

of the artifacts from the ocean

floor it includes the positions of the

5,000 thousand or so objects previous

Expeditions have recovered from the

wreck it's a catalog of treasures ornate

statues from the ship's Grand

stairway chandeliers that once hung in

the first class smoking

room the finest Crockery from the ship's

best restaurant

there's even one of the Titanic's bronze

[Music]

bells and pieces of nautical equipment

from the docking

Bridge every precious object is a

critical data

point and could help rewrite the story

of how the ship came

apart the patterns that are emerging

from this remapping of the site don't

fit any of the traditional models that

were there

before the work will take years to

[Music]

complete there's coffee cups dinner

plates bits of chandeliers deck benches

it's full of objects from the ship but

also personal objects as

well each data point on the map is also

a story in

itself a touchstone that reveals the

detail of a human

life these were all real people who had

Lives who had people who loved

them families who were impacted by what

happened on that

night some artifacts are highly personal

delicate jewelry that may have once

graced the neck of a society

lady and perfume bottles with their

precious liquid still inside

it's just a very

beautiful very emotional moment just to

see everything lying there on the

ground it's a visual story of that

tragedy after years of research Alex

kingle hoofer is now able to tie some of

these belongings to specific named

individuals this is a pocket watch an

open face Style watch this one still has

its hands it probably stopped when it

was immersed in the water the watch came

from this spot in a debris field 1100 ft

southeast of the

stern it belonged to Thomas William

Solomon

Brown he was a hotelier from South

Africa and he was headed with his family

to make a new start in the western part

of the United States he did not

survive however his wife and his

daughter Edith

[Music]

did other passengers Left Behind written

traces of their

lives still legible after a century in

the

water a notebook found 780 ft from the

stern in the west debris field belonged

to a young third class P messenger

Edgardo Samuel

Andrew he was 17 years old when you look

at his belongings you find school books

you can still see the writing in here

even though it's quite stained he used a

pencil and the pencil has remain

legible here on this page he's writing

his name I guess practicing writing his

name in the correct way you begin to see

just this young boy going Third Class by

Himself to

America Edgardo was hoping to make a

better life for himself like so many

immigrants traveling to the new

world unfortunately Edgardo did not

survive the voyage that's why this is

perhaps such a heart-rending object uh

because it's his last notations he's

finished with school he throws his

school books into this suitcase and he

heads head off to America and that's the

last that we hear of

him there are many more objects the team

hopes to examine further some with the

potential to flesh out the human face of

the

tragedy often times history swallows up

the ordinary folks all of us we just

tend to go

away archaeological sites give us an

opportunity

to correct

that now that the investigation has

defined this ghostly place as an

archaeological site it will help them

protect a Titanic story for generations

to

come each of the Priceless artifacts is

part of a mosaic of tragic

stories that together form a

picture the fully mapped debris field is

at last ready to give investigators The

crucial answer they've long been waiting

for when and where the Titanic broke

apart in the 2 and 1/2 hours it took the

Titanic to sink more than 700 people

made it off the ship and into

lifeboats hundreds of these survivors

witnessed the

sinking yet there's always been disagree

about how and when the ship broke

apart there are still different theories

and arguments as to how things exactly

happened when the ship tore

into now some investigators think the

new data could prove once and for all

what really

happened in recent years

the dominant theory has been that the

breakup occurred while the Titanic was

still on the

surface we know from eyewitnesses the

stern tilted up out of the water as she

sang some experts have argued this

created immense stresses tearing the

ship into

two but Bill Lang now thinks otherwise

according to him the new data paints a

different

picture on the drained ocean floor are

all the clues he

needs to Bill's trained eye there's

nothing random about the patterns of the

debris field like blood spatters at a

crime scene they tell a

story now flooded in daylight for the

first time with every last corner of the

debris field scanned and analyzed he can

work out how the Titanic really

sank it's going to tell us a lot more

about what happened to the ship after it

left the

surface made this 2 and 1/2 Mile descent

to the seafloor and hopefully tell us

more about what happened to Titanic

during its

breakup for Bill the new images of the

exposed ocean floor make a key piece of

evidence visible for the first

time it's the overall scale of the

debris field

the new survey definitively Maps the

site and for the first time

investigators can see its precise

Dimensions not quite the size they

expected I think the the site really

isn't that big when you consider the

size of the ship I mean you've got a

almost th foot long ship that's in 2

square miles

if the ship had fully separated on the

surface Bill thinks there'd be a much

larger scatter

area considering that it fell a few

miles through water column I think that

the scattering of of artifacts is rather

small the lower in the water the

separation the less distance for debris

to spread out as it falls and the more

compact the pattern on the ocean

floor it's a straight forward argument

and for Bill it's evidence the ship

separated much deeper in the water than

previously

thought it's the only way he can explain

the small scatter

pattern one of the most important things

I think that's come out of this is that

the ship may not have broken up as fast

and as shallow as as what was originally

thought and when the theory is checked

against I witness accounts there's more

evidence the survivors with the best

position to see any breakup were three

men on the AF boat deck their statements

recall the funnels falling away from the

ship but no large scale

disintegration and certainly no snapping

in

two bill and his colleagues around the

country have much more work to do before

they arrive at final

proof but in their view there's simply

no other way to explain the

evidence to them one thing is beyond

doubt Titanic did not separate anywhere

near the

surface with powerful new theories the

investigation is beginning to pay

off the mountain of data from the

Expedition has allowed us to drain the

ocean and create a new view where we can

spot Clues others may have

missed all the key events of the

disaster left traces on the wreckage or

on the

seabed they're here for us to

see clues that are bringing the final

Mysteries of the Titanic to crisp

Focus while investigators now have a

sharper understanding of the history of

the wreck there's one key mystery they

still hope to

unravel what will happen to the

Titanic in the

future this is the exposed Titanic as

she looks today after A Century Of Decay

in the dark depths

[Music]

in the 30 years since she was found no

one's been able to see her quite like

this as Titanic investigators study the

model Expedition data and

video it's becoming

clearer that month by month year by

year the ship is

disappearing and it's happening faster

than some experts expected

pH naret has been going to the wreck for

three

decades and he's seen a big change over

time the distance between the a deck and

the B deck was easily 10 ft now is five

six feet and step by step the

deterioration is going close to the

bridge soon all the decks will collaps

on each other and everything inside will

be lost

forever investigators want to know why

it's happening so

fast at these depths there's very little

oxygen in the water so metal should rust

extremely

slowly yet on the Expedition footage

they can clearly see the ship caked in

weird formations that certainly look

like some kind of

rust they call them

rusticles I was absolutely stunned by

the size the colors they're very orange

and brown and yet when you're close to

the they're greens and purples and reds

and yellows and every color of the

rainbow in the lab they x-ray pieces of

rustical recovered from the

ship what they find inside isn't what

might be

expected this is no ordinary rust the

structure inside this hard looking shell

is extremely

fragile they're filled with millions of

ducks and tunnels and passageways and

all of these little cavities and all

sorts of nutrients are stored in

there for the microbiologists on the

team it's Crystal Clear the rusticles

are formed by living

organisms and when they run further

tests there's no doubting what these

organisms

are bacteria

we found five different communities of

bacteria living inside a rusle and then

you've got another community living on

the outside makes them a very complex

little

beast some of these little beasts are

anerobic bacteria life forms that don't

need oxygen to

survive instead for their energy Supply

they extract iron and minerals from the

ship's metal work

like a swarm of microscopic piranhas

billions upon billions of them are

feeding on the

[Music]

wreck the impact of the reticles on this

extremely large ship is

overwhelming by studying these tiny

creatures the microbiologists can now

confidently lay down a time frame for

the Titanic's final destruction if we

went back in 500 years Titanic would

look fairly similar to what the bow

section looks right now as far as the

hull would be it would still be a very

u-shaped very formal looking docked ship

however I would expect the deterioration

to move from the back to the front so

that a lot of the prominade at deck

would have fallen onto

itself if we were to revisit Titanic in

a thousand years I would not be able to

tell sort of the size of the Magnificent

ship that she is

today I would expect that all of the

decking would be gone and the bow would

be filled with what would look like sort

of piles of

rust if you Revisited the stern section

you would see that the deterioration had

greatly increased simply because the

damage that section had sustained during

the sinking

the bacteria would have taken girds and

basically had encrusted them in

rusticles and deterior to the point of

being a pile of iron ore at the bottom

of the seaf

Flor long before that happens the

Titanic's custodians will have to make

tough

decisions what do we do is do we stand

by and allow the bow section to collapse

upon itself

or in the future uh do we actually

design some projects for

Recovery uh of certain types of

artifacts uh uh from the bow section but

any suggestion of bringing up more

artifacts is

controversial for some descendants of

those who lost their lives this is a

grave site and should be left

alone initially David Gallow agreed

but since the objects have been put on

display he's less

sure we went to see the Titanic exhibit

and I realize then what a powerful

storytelling method it was to have some

of those artifacts with you so that you

could just you could show

someone for me the artifacts are the

historical memory of the

ship we can leave everything on the

bottom of the ocean forever and it will

be

Lo however badly the Titanic

deteriorates one thing certain thanks to

the new science much of the ship can now

never be

lost the edge of the sight's been

defined for the first time so its

archaeology can be

protected every inch of the wreck inside

the perimeter has been scanned and

analyzed

every known artifact lock mapped and

captured in this digital duplicate world

that will never

erode Frozen in time we can see and

study the wreck like never

before in broad

daylight explorers now and in the future

can continue their

investigation here on the drain ocean

floor where the Titanic rests

[Music]