All language subtitles for Fascination Amazon 3D (2012).ru-en

AMAZON

Directors:
Timo-Johann Mayer, Benjamin Eicher

Amazon. One of the longest rivers
On Earth with magnificent waterfalls.

Together with two sources,
Maranjon and Ukyali

She shares almost completely in half
Northern part of South America.

The river is located in about three hundred
kilometers south of the equator.

Limited from the west of the Andes,

She crosses the tropical
The jungle of the Amazon basin

and moves east
up to the Atlantic.

Jungle Amazon
are the habitat

Countless sets
species of animals and plants.

Seven million square
meters of the Amazon basin -

This is the largest endless landscape,

which creates the second largest
A whole forest on the planet.

It is about five percent
The entire land surface of the earth.

A third of all varieties live here
animals and plants on our planet.

Mysterious, stunning,
hot and wet green hell

And a truly universal treasure.

Fantastic, living,
Impressive and colorful.

Symbiosis of various types
animals and plants.

In the Amazon pool you can
meet a variety of reptiles,

And also all types and species of birds.

For example, while a parrot
Ara is visible from afar

Because of his colorful opera,

Other inhabitants like
This wood snake

Perfectly adapted
to their environment,

Remaining invisible to their enemies.

Boa Constantrator - one of the most
large predators among reptiles.

He uses his own
camouflage color,

To imperceptibly
get to your prey.

Amazon length 6850 kilometers, this
One of the longest rivers on the planet,

With the most delightful waterfalls.

She irrigates a total of

Five and a half million
square kilometers,

of which almost four
A million falls on Brazil.

Its huge size and waterfalls
She owes ten thousand tributaries.

Seventeen of them themselves long
Over 1600 kilometers.

They supply the Amazon

Almost a double amount
water from both hemispheres,

And also during summer rain.

When the rainy season begins

and water masses flood
The fifth of the Amazon basin,

The happy begins
It's time for alligators.

In those places where usually
Jaguars hunted prey,

Now swim back and forth in search
Different kaymans.

For example, black
And smooth -legged kaymans.

Usually kaimans act alone.

Only when the water level falls,
and the environment of fish is reduced,

They hunt in large groups.

These are night animals, they feed on fish
and other aquatic animals or animals,

which come close
to water, for example, Capybara;

Watering birds and snakes.

These reptiles also feed on patients,
old or weak animals,

Helping in this way
The process of natural selection.

Tropical forest with an area of over four
Million square kilometers

became a home for hundreds
thousands of plant species,

animals, mushrooms, microbes and bacteria.

In the more often forest or in the floodplain
Rivers of the Amazon basin

There may be more
species than on the whole continent.

In some places on one hectare

There are more species
Trees than throughout Europe.

However, in this environment there are almost no
Large mammals.

Obviously, we disturbed
this coal turtle,

While she was resting in the sun.

Our path intersects
A group of gear turtles.

These turtles 60-70 centimeters long

can be easily recognized by yellow
Spots on the paws.

In its natural habitat

Tozhny turtles are available
A wide range of food.

The main source of their nutrition is
Grass, leaves, tropical fruits.

In addition, they can eat
Snails, worms and insects.

They love heat and moisture.

Therefore, the tropical conditions of the jungle

are perfect
For gear turtles.

Despite your slowness,
They live in large territories.

White -tailed trogon in search of prey.

Usually these birds are sitting high
On the branches in the zones of their habitat,

Waiting for insects to fly by.

In addition, they love to enjoy
Berries and mature fruits.

White -tailed trogons are easy
find out by yellow breast

and black and white tail plumage.

They are loners and are looking for partners
Only during the period of mating.

These luxurious roosters
- Goatsins or pheasants,

They are also known
like "smelly birds",

Because they can exude
The smell similar to cow litter.

Probably the reason for this is

Unique digestive
Goatsinov tract.

It is voluminous, is a quarter of weight
Birds, and is located in the lower esophagus.

They look like gum
mammals.

Despite the large wings,

Goatsin is only capable of
to short flights,

Since he has weak
Flight muscles.

But since they feed on plants,
then flight skills are useless to them.

However, in the tropical forest
Many plants are poisonous

and require special forms of food consumption
or digestive mechanisms,

and the Goatsins developed them
to a certain extent.

Ara parrots also adapted

To the demanding environment
tropical forest.

Ara eat exclusively
vegetation.

They prefer diverse
Fruits, berries and nuts.

Since they cannot miss
Poisonous components of plants and fruits

Through the special
digestive tract,

Ara constantly swallow clay.

This helps to receive minerals,

necessary for neutralization
toxins.

Amazons are found in the pool
Eight different types of Ara,

as well as many others
varieties of parrots.

Ara differs in their own
multi -colored heads.

They have powerful claws and a strong beak.

With their help, they are fine
climb and clutch

They are especially practical when cracking
hard shell of various palm fruits.

Ara usually live in pairs and educate
young animals in the nests,

hidden in broken
Palm trunks or in the voids.

The chicks hatch in the period
From December to March,

Usually there are four eggs in the nest,
But only one chick survives.

With a body length of 90 centimeters,

The green -winged ara is the most
Big view of the parrot.

Green -winged ara
They differ in red plumage

And with beak the color of the elephant bone.

Together with crows and woodpeckers parrots
are the smartest birds.

They say that the South American
Ara is a special talent for imitation of speech.

Amazon parrots are
The largest family of parrots:

Now 31 are known.

However, 16 species are now in danger.

Amazon parrots with the length of the body
from 25 to 45 centimeters,

Much less Ara.

The plumage consists of wide,
rounded feathers,

Basically green.

Our journey

on the mysterious water world
The Amazon basin continues.

Here we see how hunting
in shallow water near the river bank

Big white heron.

She sees through the water

and inflicts lightning attacks
with his beak like a dagger.

He actually pierces the prey,

which mainly
consists of fish, amphibians,

and even waterfowl
and small mammals.

Egret or white heron can
Meet all over the world.

In South and Central America
There are 20 varieties,

For example, a small South American
kvakva or tricolor heron.

A large cluster of the Amazon parrots.

They gather in the so -called
"Clay leaks."

These are places on steep banks of rivers,
where clay layers are exposed.

Minerals in clay are needed for neutralization
toxic plants,

which consume parrots.

Since huge water masses
practically washing minerals from the soil,

Plants in the jungle protect
then a small amount of them

which they manage to assimilate,
Producing, for example, toxins.

Thus, for the most part,
They protect their existence.

Amazon parrots - very
sociable animals.

Most often they live in pairs,
But they also like to unite

In unstructured
Small groups or flocks.

Usually flocks of Amazon parrots
fly in large numbers

to the power zones and often build
Your nests are next to each other.

Let's watch a little for a sweet
The activity of the Amazon parrots

And enjoy the liveliness of nature.

On our way through thick jungle

We are faced with yellow -fuel
river turtle.

It is easy to identify by yellow
Spots on the head.

She lives in fresh water

And although he eats mainly
vegetation,

Snails, insects and fish also
enter the diet of this turtles,

The size of which is only 45 centimeters.

In the rainy season when it floods
Almost a fifth of the tropical forest,

Only the tops of trees stick out of the water.

But plants and animals
Successfully adapted

To such sharp changes in the weather.

These cormorants are used
flood period,

to eat fish for the future,

which is in abundance
In the Amazon at this time.

We penetrate even deeper into green hell.

The tropical forest received its frightening
the name because of the grueling heat,

high humidity and huge amounts
Poisonous snakes, insects and parasites.

This anaconda should be attributed
Respectfully, at least because of its size.

You can achieve boats
four to six meters

And they act both in water and on land.

In water, they move much
Faster than on land.

They kill their victims, biting them,

and then dragged into the water,
To strangle there.

They swallow the prey whole.

Boa Contractor, as well as Anaconda,
Refers to the family of boas.

Indians consider these
Serpent by the messengers of the gods.

They hunt mainly
at dusk and night

eat everything with what they can
Cope, given the size.

They even attack small kaymans.

The adult boas practically
There are no natural enemies.

However, large cats and kayman
They love to hunt young snakes.

In addition to amazing
variety of reptiles,

In the tropical forests, the Amazon is found
Stunning abundance of peculiar birds,

with some of which
We have already met.

These are Müllers Amazon.

This type of parrot belongs
To the family of neotropic parrots.

They prefer thick
Tropical forests on hills,

And the nests are driven in hollows.

Long-blossed shelter
belongs to the family of humming,

He is attracted by the Reds
Flowers, for example, this helikonia.

It promotes
pollination of these plants,

transferring pollen to other plants,

When sits to drink
A long beak of a cup.

Marble tiger heron
also hides here.

She hunts the main thing
way at dusk and at night

For fish, grasshoppers,
Water beetles and snakes.

With a herons length of 70 centimeters, her
A 10-centimeter beak is quite long.

Although they prefer
Hunting alone

These rather sociable birds nest
large colonies on the banks of rivers.

Bright color plumage speaks
that this is another young tiger heron.

There is more plumage
It resembles marble.

Tropical birds are often
Hang their nests.

This is probably a way
protection against predators,

which can climb a tree,
Such as snakes and lizards.

The most amazing hanging nests

In the central and southern
America is at the oropendols.

For example, a crested oropendola
Stands eggs in one colony,

where can from wood can
Suck hundreds of nests.

Each nest is made in the form
Bottles of meter length

From plant fibers,
which are woven into a tree.

This Kassic from the Skvortsov family
It just expands its nest.

Nests are used
For many years,

They are constantly expanding
And updated.

They are curled from various material:

For example, palm fibers,
Coconuts, roots and fibers of coconut.

After construction, which
Females are mainly engaged,

They lay one or two eggs there.

Noticeable and durable nests
attract other birds,

Therefore, other starlings prefer
Capture other people's nests.

Clothing or sparrows of this type
They are found only in a new light.

Depending on the type of starlings

fluctuate from 18 to 45 centimeters,
Females are fewer males.

For a year in the tropical forests of the Amazon
It may fall up to three meters of precipitation.

This is four times more,
than in central Europe.

In addition to abundant
tropical rains,

which can go for several weeks
There is a scorching tropical sun.

That's why it flourishes so
Life in the Amazon pool.

The development of views here is much
Faster than in other parts of the world.

Problems of the tropical forest
give rise to new varieties,

which develop in a special way.

Many of them have not yet been registered.

The so -called "ugly"
Amazon troughs,

Due to the fact that their
The waters are clouded by clay,

They are also called life -giving
and whitewater rivers.

They bring from the Andes and other mountainous
deposits, that is, deposits.

During numerous floods
These deposits are postponed in the soil,

Setting up hundreds
square kilometers along the banks of rivers.

Then, when the water retreats,

Coastal residents grow
There are various plants here.

In addition, the rivers are full of fish.

One of the most important whitewater
rivers in the Amazon basin

Solimons is

which merges with dark
the waters of the Riu-Nagros River near Manaus

And flows into a full -flowing Amazon.

Riu-Nagros received its own
The name is due to the color of the water,

which seems black

since it contains a large number
Gumin and Fulvic acid.

Blackwater rivers do not carry deposits,

They are transparent and contain
few nutrients.

When two rivers meet at Manau,

They are several kilometers
flow in parallel

Due to the difference in density,
temperature and speed,

So far, finally, they do not merge together.

This phenomenon is called
"Meeting of water"

and is the most popular place
To attract tourists.

Trees in the tropical forest are standing
On the bare quartz of ancient soils

In contrast
other forests on the planet,

who are on young, nutritious
soil from the ice period,

Therefore, trees in tropical
Forests are unstable on the basis.

In this case, the necessary nutritional
substances supply fungal crops,

The so -called mycorizes.

Fantastic symbiosis of nature.

About 80 percent of biomass
created in the sheet cover of trees,

That's why most flora
and fauna of the tropical forest

Lives on the tops of trees.

Only some go down to the ground.

Leaves, branches and excrement
animals falling to the ground,

immediately included in the nutritional cycle

Through the dense mass of wood
roots on the surface.

When you first visit tropical
Forest, at the sight of lush greenery,

which is provided
abundant water supply,

A false impression may arise
about the boundless growth potential,

But this is only visibility.

Compared to European forests,

A tropical forest is possible
Call it icorous.

This soil for thousands of years
I was influenced by a wet climate,

Therefore, a rocky breed under
land in most areas

Decayed to the depths
Fifty meters.

Minerals important for food
plants and trees,

such as, for example,
Calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen,

went deep underground

Therefore, the upper layers are incredible
Poor with nutrients.

As a result, nutrients

Set only organic ones
substance on the surface,

These are mainly plants
And dead animals,

who quickly decompose
With such a climate.

Dense mesh of roots interferes
They leak into the ground.

Most of them absorb
Epiphytic plants directly from the soil.

On the Amazon constantly alternate
periods of drought and floods.

In the rainy season, when melted
Snow and ice descend from And

Amazon basin
regularly floods.

This means that huge spaces,
which were recently dry,

turn into short
Time to the underwater world.

This is a constant alternation
and changing the habitat

for many months of flooding

means constant
the formation of a new environment,

That is, new types
plants and animals.

Some species cannot adapt
to such extreme conditions

And they die out

and others adapt very quickly,
Develop special qualities and survive.

Thus, an incredible
A unique variety of species

In this corner of the planet,

which is still not registered
completely and to this day.

Constant tests with which
animals and plants collide,

You can illustrate
On the example of anti-cutting ants.

These ants process almost the fifth
part of the leaf mass of the tropical forest,

maintaining, thus,
The cycle of minerals.

They shred mainly
Poisonous leaves with their jaws,

transfer them to anthills and there
Burn, leaving the pulp.

It serves as a spawning spawning for fungi.

Fungi grow nutritious,
non -toxic rhizomes,

which serve as food
ants and other animals.

The most famous natural product
From the Amazon region is rubber,

natural rubber obtained from
rubber tree - Givey Brazilian.

Local peoples of the Amazon basin

Already used natural rubber
In the pre -Columbian era.

The most famous of them is

Mesoamerican game with dense
The rubber ball of that time.

Because of waterproof qualities
The rubber was also covered with fabrics.

But natural rubber melts in the heat
And it becomes brittle in the cold.

Only after Charles Hudir

invented in 1839
the process of vulcanization,

There was an opportunity to turn
Rubber in the now -known rubber.

After that in the pool
The Amazon began a rubber boom.

In 1910, Brazil was worldwide
the leader in the export of natural rubber,

But today she is
the weakest manufacturer,

releasing only one hundred thousand tons per year

With general world production, more
Seven and a half million tons.

Now the main manufacturer
Thailand is considered

which provides approximately
Half of world needs.

But a huge tropical forest -
This is not only flora and fauna.

In complete harmony with tropical
About a million people live by nature

Of the 150 different local tribes.

The Amazons are hidden in the jungle
Another last tribes,

who still have not entered
Contact with the outside world.

Other important groups of the population

are traditional
residents of the coast of rivers,

The so -called "Ribearinos".

Some of them arrived
here during rubber boom

And they are engaged in a corruption of rubber.

Other settlers
moved here later,

Because for the development of the region

state
resettlement programs,

And these lands were given
for agriculture.

A tense relationship arose
between peasants and cattle breeders,

who were engaged in full -scale
Carriage of rubber trees

For their needs, on the one hand,

And rubber workers
on the other side,

for which this forest was
source of existence.

Of course one of the most
beautiful tropical plants

Heliconia can be considered,

It is also called a parrot plant,

Because beautiful
The flower looks like a beak.

Now in front of you
Rostral gelikonia.

The flower grows directly from the center

bright red oval
elongated bacter,

Hummingbirds are engaged in pollination,
Big butterflies and even bats.

There are more
Two hundred types of geliconia.

All these evergreen,

Similar to ginger
Plants are one common feature:

Flowers grow from different
sides of the stem in two rows.

This species, Wagner Heliconia

stalks of flowers grow straight and can
reach a height of 21 centimeters.

Heliconia love tropical
warm, a lot of light and moisture,

However, they do not like direct sunlight.

In the form of bromelia resembles pineapple,

which is not surprising, because pineapple
The most famous type of bromelia.

These flowers can be like terrestrial
That is, growing on the ground,

and epiphytic, that is, growing
On other trees or plants.

Vines are clinging
Plants grow from the ground.

Since they need light, they use
neighboring trees or plants

Like a staircase to the sky
And they climb them.

So they save precious energy.

By the way, from leaves
And the bark of Lian mines Kurara.

Concentrated kurara
- This is a potent poison,

Local peoples use
it during hunting

And as an analgesic.

Plants in the jungle of the Amazon
Very inventive:

When it comes to preservation
a small number of minerals,

which comes from the ground,

They protect them from enemies,

who can steal them and use them
In small quantities.

For example, this is a tree
bristled with long spikes,

as if warning - hold on to me
away, do not dare to touch!

And this is another epiphytic bromelia,
which grows on another tree.

However, these are not parasites.

They do not eat
sheltered by the plant,

Just use it as a support.

The advantage is
that they are closer to the light,

which is often not enough
At the lower level of the tropical forest.

Unique symbiosis
plants and animals,

in a huge amount
It is found in the Amazon pool,

is now threatened
due to illegal deforestation,

clearing and arson.

Huge areas of forest are destroyed

In search of a small one
the number of minerals,

like oil or gold,

other resources like rubber
or tropical wood.

Armored land

cannot be used even as
pasture due to inexorable soil.

As expected, changes in the world
climate and global warming

also associated with cutting
tropical forests,

And in recent years the pace
Cutting off were reduced.

However, annual destruction
more than two million hectares

delightful flora and fauna
The Amazons are still excessive.

Huge efforts need to be made

To support this
unique system,

which is vital for
the existence of our world climate.

Directors:
Timo-Johann Mayer, Benjamin Eicher

Operator: Marcus Shtots