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To be continued...

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On this day her fate is decided. I was torn.

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Well, leave it like that.

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And the fate of the Russian Empire. It's not like that
easy to realize. And she laughs at

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a torn corset lace. Who is she?

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Ekaterina Alekseevna, whose descendants
will be called Great.

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Here we take her quote. I will protect
your homeland with a sword, a pen, as long as there is enough

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my life. Ekaterina is a person
to whom...

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Fate gave me a chance. She raised the Russian
empire to unprecedented heights.

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Petru Sprymus, Katarina Secunda, Petru
To the first, Catherine the Second.

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In the 18th century, Russia developed continuously
and strengthened.

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The impetus for development was laid by Peter
Great and turned out to be very strong for many

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decades ahead. Now on
the political arena of the planet appeared

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new ruler, new mistress
largest power in the world with territory

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more than 11 thousand versts from St. Petersburg
to the Aliut Islands.

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Sofia, my child, is wonderful today
day.

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We received an invitation. You have become
contender for the role of bride-heir

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Russian Empire. I'm somewhat
concerned about the character of my second cousin

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brother So, I will inform Elizabeth that
you refuse.

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Being the emperor's wife is hard work.

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I think I greatly overestimated yours
reasonableness.

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It's strange, you read so much.

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Take the dress away.

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Wait.

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Sofia was being prepared to meet
Empress Elizabeth of Russia, who

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I was selecting a bride from the family for my nephew
aristocratic, but still modest,

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so that relatives do not subsequently
tried to influence the policies of the empire.

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On the way to St. Petersburg, Sofia Augusta with
mother could not help but stop by the Prussian

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King Frederick II.

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Frederick became King of Prussia recently, but
was already known throughout Europe. Father

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prospective bride Sofia Augusta,
Christian Augustus was Frederick's general.

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Marry your general's daughter to the future
the Russian emperor meant to Frederick

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establish a strong alliance with Russia.
It was Frederick who advised Elizabeth

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future bride.

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Therefore, my dear, if only
the state consisted of only

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good people, everyone would argue with each other
friend the opportunity to get away from

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rule, as power is now being contested.
I think Montaigne said it.

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This is Plato, Your Majesty.

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Bravo, young lady.

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I hope you don't forget your faithful
friend from little Prussia.

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Gentlemen, where are your manners?

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Bow to the future empress herself
powerful empire.

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Sofia Augusta begins to believe in her
dream.

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But nothing has been decided yet.

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She wanted to please the people, Elizabeth
and to my future husband. This is hers

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main goal. She wanted to be good
a girl.

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Empress Elizaveta Petrovna
I only invited the girl and her mother

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for the viewing.

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If Princess Sofia Augusta had not
Elizabeth liked it, copper

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relatives would be sent back. And
mother and daughter understood this.

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They had to produce at any cost
favorable impression.

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Are you nervous, mother?

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Just for God's sake don't be smart like you
you can.

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Her Excellency, the Empress
Elizaveta Petrovna.

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Your Majesty.

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How was your journey to St. Petersburg? We were
amazed

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beauty. Elizabeth I, daughter of Peter I and
Catherine I, was third in

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account of the empress in Russian
throne.

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She had no children.

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But to whom should power be transferred then?

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The legacy of Peter the Great.

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Are you ready to accept Orthodoxy?

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This would help me fulfill my
purpose.

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What do you see as your purpose?
She is ready to put it on her shoulders

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caring for her husband's happiness. What
What will the young lady herself say about this?

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Of course, to serve His Highness and
become the mother of a healthy heir

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Highnesses.

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My good one.

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By the way, where is His Highness?

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In no hurry, it seems, to meet his own
bride.

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Peter Ulrich, future Emperor Peter III,
was the son of Anna Petrovna, his sister

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Elizabeth I.

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He was the grandson of Peter I and grandson
nephews of the Swedish king Charles XII.

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Peter Ulrich was an ardent admirer
Friedrich and felt not Russian, but

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German.

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How is King Frederick doing? You
were he?

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Is it true? Peter, before you is your bride.
Pyotr Ulrich did not shine with intelligence. He was

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wild and loved to drink. Played in
soldiers and bred dogs. Elizabeth

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hoped that the smart wife would gradually
will turn Peter into a future ruler

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Russia. But the main thing is to fulfill your goal
purpose. Give birth to a new heir

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throne. I would like to present you
gift.

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This is Don Quixote. Don Quixote. I won't die with
boredom.

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I can't stand thick books. Don Quixote
at the time the most widely read novel in

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Europe. Later it was Cervantes' book
will be the first translated in Russia.

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This is... Spanish.

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Spanish? So that you don't get bored, we can
read it out loud to each other, taking turns.

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I... Great decision.

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Why don't they fire from cannons?

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Your dad always greeted you like that
guests.

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Peter! What?

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The tables are already set.

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Come with me.

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So, there was a wedding ahead with the future
emperor. In June 1744 Sofia

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performs the sacrament of baptism in
Orthodox faith and takes a new name

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- Ekaterina Alekseevna.

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Also called the wife of Peter the Great, who
ruled the country after the death of her husband.

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The continuity of the name meant a lot.

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Catherine is one step closer to
your dream.

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No, no, no.

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It's good that you invited me to play.

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It's nice to finally meet someone
his.

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I wish you and I could stay
friends.

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Friends? But we will be with you more than
friends.

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This is different.

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The carelessness will go away.

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So are you really proposing to cancel our
wedding?

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Will they listen to me?

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Now you drive. A year has passed and
Ekaterina Alekseevna got married to

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Peter Fedorovich, Crown Prince
House of the Romanovs. She dreamed of starting a new one

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life. In the status of the heir's wife
throne, then in the status of his mother

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children. But first I had to become
desired and loving wife of Peter.

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His Highness asked to serve him dinner.
So what we have is

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time to prepare you.

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Don't worry.

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What makes you think that I'm worried?

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Any girl gets nervous on the first night. A
does it hurt?

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It's up to you.

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Need...

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I

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I'm afraid to forget.

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How glad my valet would be if
now I saw us together in

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one bed.

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Maybe call him?

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Who should I call?

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Your Majesty. On the wedding night
the husband never touched his young wife.

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Catherine wrote that an obstacle to
fulfillment of marital duty were

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toys. During the day his toys were hidden in mine
bed and under it.

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The Grand Duke went to bed first after dinner
and when we were already in bed, he played until

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one or two in the morning.

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Peter humiliated her.

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He slept with whoever he wanted, and she sat on him
drinking until two in the morning in his presence

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mistresses. His friends made jokes
all sorts of obscene things addressed to her.

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Catherine realized that Peter was becoming
an obstacle on her way to her dream.

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The birth of an heir was also in question.

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The court physician Listok directly stated,
that young Pyotr Fedorovich is far behind in

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physical and mental development. Otherwise
speaking, this is an adult child. All around

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one way or another realized that Peter was not
must rule the empire.

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This rat committed a crime
crime and suffered according to the law

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fair punishments. She ate two
my soldiers whom I placed on

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guard, and the legs of a third were eaten off.

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And I ordered the criminal to be tried according to all
laws of war.

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00:13:05,890 --> 00:13:10,830
And I assure you that she will spend three here
days and three nights for the edification of everyone

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to the rest.

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Are you out of your mind?

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00:13:15,890 --> 00:13:16,890
So what?

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00:13:17,770 --> 00:13:18,790
Let them talk.

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00:13:20,130 --> 00:13:21,990
Peter is cruel but fair.

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00:13:26,130 --> 00:13:30,550
People forgive cruelty, but do not forgive
weakness.

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I will turn to the tradition of Peter the Great.

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I hope before you hang yours
Highness still condescended to

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to question the rat and listen to it
justification.

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What can you do, woman?
justice?

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I am, after all, the future emperor, and
I better know what is fair and what

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no. It would be a holiday. Get out.

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Dreams of the young princess about marriage
happiness turned out to be broken.

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Year after year passed, and Catherine lived in
fear of disgrace for what he cannot give

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heir's empire.

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00:14:10,360 --> 00:14:12,900
Elizaveta Petrovna’s plan was simple.

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00:14:13,320 --> 00:14:18,660
Catherine will give birth to an heir, and Elizabeth
will transfer power to this child through

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00:14:18,660 --> 00:14:23,540
the head of his nephew Peter
Fedorovich. But time passed, and the child did not

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appeared. Elizabeth was getting older, more and more
I was annoyed and thought about finding

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00:14:28,160 --> 00:14:30,080
nephew another wife.

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Catherine's future was in doubt.

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And so the young crown princess fulfilled
main task. She gave birth to an heir. His

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00:14:47,520 --> 00:14:52,620
named Paul. Tell me it's a boy.
He was born only 9 years later

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after the wedding of Catherine Petra
Fedorovich.

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Catherine was 25.

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And it seemed like luck smiled on her. Order
empress.

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Take the child.

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I don't understand what's the matter?

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Decree of Her Majesty Elizabeth I.

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00:15:08,780 --> 00:15:14,120
Empress and Autocrat of All Russia
and so on, and so on, and so on deliver

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heir to the throne under personal guardianship and
supervision of the empress.

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Wait, I'll talk to her.

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Call my husband, call the great one
prince He will ban everything.

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It was he who handed us the decree.

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00:15:29,440 --> 00:15:33,540
Having become a mother, Catherine never knew
the happiness of motherhood.

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The second time she saw her son only through
forty days.

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Father didn't care. Birth of first child
didn't change his life at all. He started

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new favorite and stopped altogether
see my wife.

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00:15:46,880 --> 00:15:53,680
She writes that I was left empty
room, drafts,

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I really wanted to sleep. I was abandoned.

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They fulfilled their functions.

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Catherine is humiliated. She's unhappy with
husband, but hardly sees the child.

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00:16:04,760 --> 00:16:09,100
But she believes in the potential of empire, and
the main thing is to believe in yourself.

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00:16:09,720 --> 00:16:15,020
Catherine finds salvation in stubborn
work, in reading serious philosophical

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00:16:15,020 --> 00:16:18,340
books. She continues to prepare herself for
authorities.

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She wants to correct people's imperfections
with the help of the ideas of Diderot, Voltaire, Rousseau and

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00:16:24,540 --> 00:16:25,540
others.

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00:16:25,660 --> 00:16:31,400
Enlightenment philosophers wanted to improve
man through the inculcation of scientific

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00:16:31,400 --> 00:16:36,870
knowledge. Voltaire said that man
It's only worth something when it has

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00:16:36,870 --> 00:16:38,170
own opinion.

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00:16:38,810 --> 00:16:44,410
The ideas of enlightenment were separation
authorities, freedom of speech, and

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00:16:44,410 --> 00:16:46,290
equality of all before the law.

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00:16:46,790 --> 00:16:51,490
Catherine believed that a person is like
clay, and with these ideas you can

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00:16:51,490 --> 00:16:53,870
to mold the best citizens of Russia.

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00:16:54,810 --> 00:16:58,950
Meanwhile, a new
threat to the Russian Empire.

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00:16:59,230 --> 00:17:03,330
Prussian King Frederick II began
expand territory by attacking Austria

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00:17:03,330 --> 00:17:07,790
-Hungary, ruled by Maria Theresa,
ally of Elizabeth Petrovna.

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00:17:08,069 --> 00:17:13,210
The Russian Empire entered the Seven Years
war. The largest military conflict of that

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00:17:13,210 --> 00:17:19,310
time. In 1758, the Empress's mother
Elizaveta Petrovna became very ill.

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00:17:19,550 --> 00:17:22,270
Doctors claimed that her days were numbered.

203
00:17:22,550 --> 00:17:26,349
This caused great concern in
ruling circles of St. Petersburg.

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00:17:26,670 --> 00:17:31,730
Even the fighting was suspended
Russian army. Peter III openly

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00:17:31,730 --> 00:17:35,710
admired King Frederick, chief
military enemy of Russia.

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00:17:36,070 --> 00:17:38,770
This aroused the hatred of the guard and the court.

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00:17:39,050 --> 00:17:44,770
The country's elite has become convinced that
Peter Fedorovich should not rule. But

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00:17:44,770 --> 00:17:47,010
his wife Ekaterina is quite suitable.

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00:17:47,410 --> 00:17:50,730
For the first time, Catherine mentally tried on
yourself a crown.

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00:17:50,950 --> 00:17:52,530
Inevitably, a conspiracy arose.

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00:17:52,810 --> 00:17:57,390
headed by an experienced
courtier-chancellor Bestuzhev-Ryumin. He

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00:17:57,390 --> 00:18:01,710
long ago appreciated the dignity of Catherine and
drew up a plan according to which, in the event

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00:18:01,710 --> 00:18:07,690
death of Elizabeth her official
the successor of Peter III should be eliminated, and

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00:18:07,690 --> 00:18:12,430
declare Paul, a boy, emperor
four years old. In this case his mother

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00:18:12,430 --> 00:18:17,090
Catherine became regent, and all
full power passed, naturally,

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00:18:17,130 --> 00:18:18,550
to Bestuzhev himself.

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00:18:19,690 --> 00:18:23,810
However, Empress Elizabeth unexpectedly
for everyone recovered from the illness.

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00:18:24,030 --> 00:18:28,990
Bestuzhev was dismissed from all posts,
deprived of count's dignity and fell under

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00:18:28,990 --> 00:18:32,990
consequence. But he managed to destroy everything
correspondence with Ekaterina.

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00:18:34,320 --> 00:18:39,680
Catherine also found herself in such a difficult situation
position that in general she is exiled at all

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00:18:39,680 --> 00:18:44,480
threatened. Moreover, her husband is from her
completely refused, said that in general

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00:18:44,480 --> 00:18:48,460
there’s no way with this... And indeed, he
had nothing to do with it. Still

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00:18:48,460 --> 00:18:51,880
Elizabeth ordered the crown princess to be sent
under house arrest.

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00:18:52,480 --> 00:18:56,840
Catherine waited for several months
meeting with Elizabeth, at which he will decide

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00:18:56,840 --> 00:18:57,840
her destiny.

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00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:00,100
Your Majesty.

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00:19:03,310 --> 00:19:07,930
Thank you for the audience. The Lord heard
my prayers and gave me this meeting.

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00:19:10,390 --> 00:19:15,030
I didn't expect to see you here, Peter.
Fedorovich. Yes? It was I who invited him.

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00:19:15,290 --> 00:19:20,590
Katerina Alekseevna, I was informed that
that you were in correspondence with Stepan

230
00:19:20,590 --> 00:19:21,670
Fedorovich Ukraksi.

231
00:19:22,130 --> 00:19:28,090
He received a message from you in which
you write about my illness

232
00:19:28,090 --> 00:19:32,550
and probable imminent death. For what?

233
00:19:38,480 --> 00:19:40,780
I ask you not to humiliate me with your lies.

234
00:19:45,160 --> 00:19:49,720
Your Majesty, is this true?

235
00:19:51,080 --> 00:19:55,800
In my letters I really said
about your illness.

236
00:19:56,900 --> 00:20:01,160
But if it hurt the matter
state, then this is due to thoughtlessness

237
00:20:01,160 --> 00:20:04,360
malicious intent, Elizaveta Petrovna.

238
00:20:12,060 --> 00:20:15,480
If you don't trust me anymore,
punish me.

239
00:20:16,780 --> 00:20:20,280
Send me back to my homeland
the church where I will be until the end of my days

240
00:20:20,280 --> 00:20:23,900
pray to the Lord for your health and
Russian throne.

241
00:20:24,120 --> 00:20:28,100
You should not be sent to your homeland, but
imprisoned in a fortress as a traitor. It's me

242
00:20:28,100 --> 00:20:30,120
I will decide where and who to be.

243
00:20:36,020 --> 00:20:38,120
You have children, my dear.

244
00:20:39,470 --> 00:20:44,490
If we send you home, you
you will have to part with them.

245
00:20:45,570 --> 00:20:47,510
Do you understand this?

246
00:20:48,710 --> 00:20:49,710
Father,

247
00:20:50,470 --> 00:20:55,370
you are the most precious thing I have.

248
00:20:57,070 --> 00:21:03,910
But I will accept any decision you make to
prove to you that I am loyal.

249
00:21:09,310 --> 00:21:10,310
Go.

250
00:21:11,430 --> 00:21:13,670
Sorry, sorry, Your Majesty.
Go.

251
00:21:18,750 --> 00:21:19,750
Thank you.

252
00:21:20,590 --> 00:21:22,090
But we haven't agreed yet.

253
00:21:25,070 --> 00:21:26,430
Wait for a message from me.

254
00:21:35,150 --> 00:21:36,490
You didn't believe her, did you?

255
00:21:39,100 --> 00:21:41,660
Enough. Go already.

256
00:21:44,480 --> 00:21:48,380
Try to fit in a little
to his wife.

257
00:21:52,820 --> 00:21:56,180
The plot failed, but Catherine was
forgiven.

258
00:21:56,440 --> 00:21:57,680
She turned 30.

259
00:21:58,000 --> 00:22:02,740
Her future looked bleak. However
the prospect of becoming an empress

260
00:22:02,740 --> 00:22:03,740
preserved.

261
00:22:04,260 --> 00:22:08,300
Victory over Prussia secured Russia's
international authority.

262
00:22:08,640 --> 00:22:11,500
proved the strength and power of the Russian
army.

263
00:22:12,500 --> 00:22:17,140
Elizaveta Berlinzila? What was
Is this the main pain? We have poor Peter

264
00:22:17,140 --> 00:22:21,460
Third. He adored Friedrich, and his aunt
humiliated. Oh my God, how can this be?

265
00:22:22,020 --> 00:22:28,640
December 25, 1761 Empress
Elizaveta Petrovna died.

266
00:22:29,280 --> 00:22:34,100
Her nephew Peter took the throne
Fedorovich, grandson of Peter the Great.

267
00:22:34,480 --> 00:22:38,420
The new Emperor Peter III turned
33 years old.

268
00:22:45,720 --> 00:22:50,980
Peter III began his reign with the fact that
returned to his idol Friedrich

269
00:22:50,980 --> 00:22:55,740
strategically important city of Königsberg
and all of East Prussia.

270
00:22:56,460 --> 00:23:01,900
Total losses of the Russian army in the Seven Years
war consisted of more than one hundred thousand soldiers and

271
00:23:01,900 --> 00:23:04,920
officers. It turned out that they died
in vain.

272
00:23:05,340 --> 00:23:10,360
The Guard, the army hated and cursed
new emperor, and he seemed to

273
00:23:10,360 --> 00:23:16,780
didn't notice. His legal wife
Ekaterina Alekseevna became empress

274
00:23:16,780 --> 00:23:20,580
Russian, but he openly hated her.

275
00:23:36,030 --> 00:23:42,170
There was a general smell of her exile in some
monastery She didn't have any

276
00:23:42,170 --> 00:23:47,530
power. Even in the decree on entering
the throne of Peter III was not told to her

277
00:23:47,530 --> 00:23:48,530
not a word at all.

278
00:23:49,390 --> 00:23:53,490
If we manage to line up the cavalry
strictly along the flanks, then surround the entire

279
00:23:53,490 --> 00:23:56,650
infantry, we can overwhelm not only
Denmark, but also all of Europe.

280
00:23:56,890 --> 00:23:58,310
God, this will be brilliant!

281
00:23:58,650 --> 00:24:02,030
Can you imagine what rumors there will be?
praise? Peter III captured Europe! you

282
00:24:02,030 --> 00:24:03,870
wanted to see me, Your Majesty?

283
00:24:07,400 --> 00:24:08,460
Oh, I lost.

284
00:24:08,780 --> 00:24:10,500
And again you are to blame.

285
00:24:10,860 --> 00:24:12,620
Although this time the perfect strategy
was.

286
00:24:12,920 --> 00:24:16,340
It was you who wanted to talk to me. I can
leave immediately.

287
00:24:17,260 --> 00:24:19,320
Eneta, you can be simply unbearable.

288
00:24:19,660 --> 00:24:20,980
No, stay and listen.

289
00:24:21,780 --> 00:24:22,860
Mrs. Vorontsova.

290
00:24:23,280 --> 00:24:24,280
No, she will stay.

291
00:24:27,620 --> 00:24:28,620
Kamzal!

292
00:24:32,380 --> 00:24:35,820
I decided to be crowned immediately after my
march to Dani.

293
00:24:37,210 --> 00:24:38,210
Congratulations. Thank you.

294
00:24:38,810 --> 00:24:42,550
And after that, crown your wife,
Mrs. Vorontsova.

295
00:24:44,390 --> 00:24:50,050
Wonderful. Don't you think it's better
just before you leave

296
00:24:50,050 --> 00:24:54,550
appoint a chief eunuch to the mountain and
start building a hammam?

297
00:24:54,790 --> 00:24:56,430
This is very witty, isn't it?

298
00:24:57,430 --> 00:25:00,010
As for you, I don't mind yours
departure to Stetten.

299
00:25:00,250 --> 00:25:01,250
Stetten? Yes.

300
00:25:02,030 --> 00:25:03,970
Of course, after our invasion
marriage.

301
00:25:06,730 --> 00:25:09,810
And how your majesty wants me
went there?

302
00:25:11,090 --> 00:25:14,050
One? Or will I take your heir?

303
00:25:16,730 --> 00:25:18,370
Stop talking to me like that.

304
00:25:18,830 --> 00:25:21,670
I give you permission to return home.

305
00:25:21,970 --> 00:25:27,010
Either you leave or I will do as I do
great grandfather Peter the Great, and you

306
00:25:27,010 --> 00:25:28,030
you will go to the monastery.

307
00:25:30,450 --> 00:25:34,870
You can do whatever you want to me
you want, but I won’t humiliate myself anymore

308
00:25:34,870 --> 00:25:38,590
I'll allow it. And take part in this
I don't intend to present.

309
00:25:41,750 --> 00:25:47,170
It's scary, humiliating to realize that your
fate depends on someone else's whim. At stake

310
00:25:47,170 --> 00:25:52,690
her life and fate are worth it. Same as
the fate of the young empire. Peter the Third

311
00:25:52,690 --> 00:25:56,850
only created an alliance with the enemy, but also
devalued the victory in the war.

312
00:25:57,130 --> 00:26:00,330
The Guard openly expressed their indignation
emperors.

313
00:26:00,590 --> 00:26:04,990
Peter III wrote more than
300 decrees, many of which

314
00:26:04,990 --> 00:26:10,550
contradicted each other. His actions
destroyed the empire, and Catherine was destined

315
00:26:10,550 --> 00:26:13,590
was to go into lifelong exile in
monastery

316
00:26:13,950 --> 00:26:20,430
The elite hated Peter III because
this man won the war with

317
00:26:20,430 --> 00:26:24,070
Frederick the Great in previous
reign, handed it back because

318
00:26:24,070 --> 00:26:25,070
he was a fan.

319
00:26:25,240 --> 00:26:30,240
German Ekaterina, like a true Russian,
was outraged that Peter III desecrated

320
00:26:30,240 --> 00:26:32,500
holy victory. The time has come to act.

321
00:26:32,700 --> 00:26:36,400
Catherine found support among the officers
imperial guard.

322
00:26:36,640 --> 00:26:41,000
The brightest stars of the Guard in this
time there were two Orlov brothers,

323
00:26:41,020 --> 00:26:46,320
Grigory and Alexey. The Orlov brothers were
heroes of the Seven Years' War, had a cool,

324
00:26:46,320 --> 00:26:50,900
unbridled temper, rolled up
incredible revelries, were successful in

325
00:26:50,900 --> 00:26:52,000
ladies' society.

326
00:26:52,810 --> 00:26:57,350
For one of the intrigues, Grigory Orlov was
demoted to grenadiers.

327
00:26:57,570 --> 00:27:03,810
I met him in this status
Catherine, immediately falling in love with the bright

328
00:27:03,810 --> 00:27:04,810
officer.

329
00:27:05,190 --> 00:27:11,730
It was the taking of power that was motivated
not only the struggle for personal survival and

330
00:27:11,730 --> 00:27:17,170
security, namely that it
will benefit that in this country it

331
00:27:17,170 --> 00:27:18,170
can be done.

332
00:27:22,110 --> 00:27:26,510
Catherine herself did not lead the conspiracy.
Everything was done by the Orlov brothers and their groups

333
00:27:26,510 --> 00:27:31,170
like-minded people. On the day of the coup
Alexey Orlov, the favorite's younger brother,

334
00:27:31,210 --> 00:27:33,270
came to Petergov for Ekaterina.

335
00:27:33,670 --> 00:27:37,830
Grigory Orlov collected early in the morning
guard to bring her to the Winter Palace

336
00:27:37,830 --> 00:27:43,270
palace. And then the day came
when fate was supposed to lead her

337
00:27:43,270 --> 00:27:46,370
either to the pinnacle of power, or to
complete collapse.

338
00:27:47,170 --> 00:27:48,490
It's time. Already?

339
00:27:49,020 --> 00:27:54,980
On this day, Ekaterina, 33 years old,
was about to depose her own husband

340
00:27:54,980 --> 00:28:00,740
Emperor Peter III and take his place,
gain absolute power over

341
00:28:00,740 --> 00:28:02,340
largest country in the world.

342
00:28:02,700 --> 00:28:06,180
But Catherine didn’t just want
reign.

343
00:28:07,300 --> 00:28:08,300
Breathe in.

344
00:28:11,100 --> 00:28:14,240
I was torn. Well, leave it like that.

345
00:28:15,050 --> 00:28:20,910
Power for her was only a means
achieving the real goal. Creation

346
00:28:20,910 --> 00:28:24,570
new world according to the most advanced ideas
thinkers of that time.

347
00:28:24,890 --> 00:28:30,830
However, on this day Catherine saw her
the future is vague. Nothing has been decided yet.

348
00:28:44,799 --> 00:28:46,300
Your Highness, is everything okay?

349
00:28:51,040 --> 00:28:52,920
Can you perform, or should I?

350
00:28:54,020 --> 00:28:56,560
I was preparing for everything, but not for
falling dress.

351
00:28:57,620 --> 00:29:00,680
The main thing is that the guards hear me.
I'll make sure they follow

352
00:29:00,680 --> 00:29:04,440
us. You express full agreement with
in my words? No.

353
00:29:06,820 --> 00:29:11,480
No? I will say, I am the empress, and
they should hear me first.

354
00:29:11,760 --> 00:29:12,760
And one more thing.

355
00:29:13,450 --> 00:29:19,610
I need Pavel. For what? He's just
child. He is the heir, and I am just

356
00:29:19,610 --> 00:29:20,790
his mother. We will be together.

357
00:29:42,659 --> 00:29:48,500
Catherine wants to save Russia. To her
it is necessary to convince the guards to accept it

358
00:29:48,500 --> 00:29:51,000
side. Or it's the end of everything.

359
00:29:56,320 --> 00:30:01,500
Guards, then army regiments
were lined up in front of the ground.

360
00:30:18,080 --> 00:30:19,760
turned out to be now.

361
00:30:19,960 --> 00:30:26,460
With the beginning of the reign of Peter the Third
congratulations on your glorious victory

362
00:30:26,460 --> 00:30:29,460
acceptance of peace with the Prussians.

363
00:30:29,760 --> 00:30:34,040
So stand up as one and let's go with
me.

364
00:30:34,880 --> 00:30:41,580
Let's protect and preserve our Fatherland, faith
your fathers

365
00:30:41,620 --> 00:30:45,660
the glory of your victories.

366
00:30:46,480 --> 00:30:49,020
Let's establish peace and quiet!

367
00:30:49,360 --> 00:30:52,940
The Russian State is ahead with me!

368
00:30:59,160 --> 00:31:01,340
Vivat, Empress!

369
00:31:01,960 --> 00:31:08,320
Vivat, Empress! Vivat, Ekaterina!

370
00:31:08,520 --> 00:31:13,600
Vivat, Empress! For success
the coup had to be neutralized

371
00:31:13,600 --> 00:31:14,600
Peter III.

372
00:31:15,630 --> 00:31:21,550
Peter arrived in Peterhof for the gala
lunch in his honor. But Ekaterina has already

373
00:31:21,550 --> 00:31:27,990
went to St. Petersburg, where they swore allegiance to her
guard, senate and senate. Having learned about this,

374
00:31:27,990 --> 00:31:32,590
Peter tried to land in Kronstadt,
to summon from there the units loyal to him

375
00:31:32,590 --> 00:31:35,150
army and navy. But here too he was late.

376
00:31:35,450 --> 00:31:40,350
The sea fortress cornison also brought
oath to Catherine. After this Peter

377
00:31:40,350 --> 00:31:41,450
completely lost heart.

378
00:31:41,770 --> 00:31:45,530
He returned to Oranienbaum, where he
signed the abdication of the throne.

379
00:31:48,370 --> 00:31:53,410
Then, under guard, he was transported to
village of Ropsha, to his own estate.

380
00:31:53,630 --> 00:31:58,570
There the undeceased emperor remained in
temporarily detained status. But

381
00:31:58,570 --> 00:32:03,170
the deposed emperor, if he is alive,
will always pose a threat to

382
00:32:03,170 --> 00:32:07,390
your enemies, and that's very good
understood in Catherine's circle.

383
00:32:07,690 --> 00:32:12,770
In happiness for Russia, the supposed
the wife's war with her husband never took place.

384
00:32:13,150 --> 00:32:17,250
Catherine's dream came true, but so far success
unreliable.

385
00:32:17,590 --> 00:32:22,630
She has no legal rights to the throne, and
Catherine understands those who gave her

386
00:32:22,630 --> 00:32:25,390
power, they can also take it away.

387
00:33:00,330 --> 00:33:07,330
The scale of Catherine is determined by the fact that
she not only found herself in

388
00:33:07,330 --> 00:33:10,790
the right time, in the right place, but managed
seize power at this time.

389
00:33:11,210 --> 00:33:15,690
They gladly supported her. His
hated. She could roll it up

390
00:33:15,930 --> 00:33:21,570
could, there was a chance to be another
temporary worker. But we were lucky. This is not

391
00:33:21,570 --> 00:33:24,770
happened. Catherine comes to power.

392
00:33:25,450 --> 00:33:29,270
Her task is to convince everyone that they are not in vain
made their choice.

393
00:33:29,470 --> 00:33:33,890
She publishes a manifesto in which she explains
reasons for the coup.

394
00:33:34,110 --> 00:33:36,270
Her worries are not unfounded.

395
00:33:36,560 --> 00:33:42,020
Individual guardsmen immediately took
unsuccessful attempt to overthrow her. She

396
00:33:42,020 --> 00:33:46,780
will always be afraid of this in the future.
Catherine also conducted a census

397
00:33:46,780 --> 00:33:51,980
population. There were more than
7 million taxable population

398
00:33:51,980 --> 00:33:54,620
male. Yes, Ekaterina
got it...

399
00:33:55,360 --> 00:33:59,400
a country tired of war and tired of
war army, Catherine suffered

400
00:33:59,400 --> 00:34:04,220
noble class, which Peter III
benefited by the decree of liberty

401
00:34:04,220 --> 00:34:09,260
noble. And now the nobles were not
obliged to serve in the government

402
00:34:09,260 --> 00:34:11,280
service as it has been until now.

403
00:34:12,420 --> 00:34:15,320
One two Three.

404
00:34:17,219 --> 00:34:20,500
It's one thing to dream about power, but another
It's a matter of getting it.

405
00:34:20,820 --> 00:34:25,780
Catherine begins to realize what
she got a huge country and how

406
00:34:25,780 --> 00:34:31,880
it will be difficult to control it. Mother, huh
what is that tail on the edge of the map? Behind him

407
00:34:31,880 --> 00:34:37,480
empty? This is Kamchatka, and beyond it is the ocean.

408
00:34:38,120 --> 00:34:42,980
I want to go there. How long does it take to travel? Almost
year, Grand Duke. And the road there is not from

409
00:34:42,980 --> 00:34:43,980
lungs.

410
00:34:44,440 --> 00:34:51,080
That is, if I issue a decree, they will find out about
a year later, and

411
00:34:51,080 --> 00:34:53,820
whether it is fulfilled, I will find out only through
two.

412
00:34:54,100 --> 00:34:55,199
Huge country.

413
00:34:56,800 --> 00:35:00,140
Your Majesty, a note from Ropsha from
Count Orlov.

414
00:35:10,440 --> 00:35:11,440
Thank you.

415
00:35:20,260 --> 00:35:25,840
Mother, merciful lady.

416
00:35:27,140 --> 00:35:32,320
How can I explain, describe what
happened? You won't believe your faithful one

417
00:35:32,320 --> 00:35:36,760
slave But as soon as I tell the truth before God,
mother.

418
00:35:37,420 --> 00:35:40,280
But I don’t know how this disaster happened.

419
00:35:41,440 --> 00:35:43,940
We perished when you did not have mercy.

420
00:35:47,600 --> 00:35:48,600
Mother.

421
00:35:51,790 --> 00:35:56,370
But no one thought of this, and how can we
plan to raise your hands against the sovereign?

422
00:36:04,150 --> 00:36:05,350
You are cheating.

423
00:36:06,350 --> 00:36:08,430
You are cheating! Show off your sleeves!

424
00:36:12,750 --> 00:36:14,110
Fuck you idiots!

425
00:36:15,730 --> 00:36:17,930
Well, sirs, no disaster has happened.

426
00:36:19,310 --> 00:36:23,730
He got into an argument at the table with Prince Fyodor.
Before we had time to separate, his ears

427
00:36:23,730 --> 00:36:24,810
became.

428
00:36:25,910 --> 00:36:31,050
We ourselves don’t remember what we did, but everything before
the only ones to blame are worthy of execution.

429
00:36:31,730 --> 00:36:34,050
Have mercy on me at least for my brother.

430
00:36:34,970 --> 00:36:37,430
Brought guilt to you, and look for
nothing.

431
00:36:37,790 --> 00:36:40,290
Forgive me or order me to finish quickly.

432
00:36:40,670 --> 00:36:44,690
The light was not kind to you, they angered you and destroyed you
souls forever.

433
00:36:47,030 --> 00:36:48,510
Mother, what does it say there?

434
00:36:49,490 --> 00:36:53,390
Pavlov is evacuated. I won't go. Mother,
what does it say there? Send a healer to

435
00:36:53,390 --> 00:36:54,650
Ropshe will cope with that reason.

436
00:36:55,390 --> 00:36:56,390
Daddy in Ropsha?

437
00:36:56,570 --> 00:36:57,570
What's wrong with daddy?

438
00:36:58,190 --> 00:37:02,290
Nothing, daddy's just sick. you
You beat me, I want to go to him. He can't

439
00:37:02,290 --> 00:37:03,290
be sick.

440
00:37:05,350 --> 00:37:06,350
Quiet, quiet, quiet.

441
00:37:06,510 --> 00:37:08,990
She has no hereditary power. She
knows what crime she committed.

442
00:37:08,990 --> 00:37:12,630
She should, in principle, beg him off
work, labor. She tries, but it's

443
00:37:12,630 --> 00:37:14,030
truly a man who tried his best
life.

444
00:37:24,580 --> 00:37:29,960
Referring to the will of the people, she
declared herself sole

445
00:37:29,960 --> 00:37:36,100
ruler. Not regent
young son Pavel, and sovereign

446
00:37:36,100 --> 00:37:42,360
empress. Peter III's husband suddenly
died, and Catherine is forced to take

447
00:37:42,360 --> 00:37:43,360
throne

448
00:37:46,049 --> 00:37:50,870
Historians agree that
Catherine did not give a direct order to

449
00:37:50,870 --> 00:37:55,110
murder of a spouse. Deliver an heir
throne under personal guardianship and supervision

450
00:37:55,110 --> 00:38:00,090
empress. Most likely the initiative
belonged to the Orlovs, her favorite

451
00:38:00,090 --> 00:38:02,670
Gregory and his younger brother Alexei.

452
00:38:06,910 --> 00:38:12,490
The palace coup is over. Now
she must retain power.

453
00:38:12,940 --> 00:38:18,300
Catherine II becomes the eighth
ruler on the throne of the Russian Empire,

454
00:38:18,500 --> 00:38:24,020
counting from the first Emperor Peter
Alekseevich the Great.

455
00:38:25,260 --> 00:38:30,980
So that someone else can come to the Russian throne
a person, a foreigner, who,

456
00:38:31,240 --> 00:38:35,960
how unparadoxical it is now, maybe
It may sound like Russia accepted it.

457
00:38:36,200 --> 00:38:39,500
She came with a program, she knew that
she wants.

458
00:38:39,800 --> 00:38:42,320
The implementation of this program was dedicated to
her life.

459
00:38:42,920 --> 00:38:46,840
After the coronation, Catherine held
masquerade, in which she talked about

460
00:38:46,840 --> 00:38:48,600
future development of the country.

461
00:38:49,100 --> 00:38:54,460
It was practically her election campaign
campaign. She was ahead of her time. By

462
00:38:54,460 --> 00:38:59,400
250 chariot platforms rode around the city,
which performances were performed.

463
00:38:59,580 --> 00:39:02,500
In total, about 4,000 actors were employed.

464
00:39:03,050 --> 00:39:08,290
They depicted drunkenness in the images of Bacchus
with his retinue, sending to Peter the Third,

465
00:39:08,330 --> 00:39:10,190
who really liked to drink.

466
00:39:10,810 --> 00:39:15,650
Dulik deception with the motto “Pretty to
destruction." Bad luck followed,

467
00:39:15,810 --> 00:39:17,430
bribery and other vices.

468
00:39:18,050 --> 00:39:22,250
They were replaced by virtues.
Education, generosity,

469
00:39:22,290 --> 00:39:27,550
charity completed the procession
performances "Golden Age". In it

470
00:39:27,550 --> 00:39:30,070
ancient gods Zeus, Apollo, Athena.

471
00:39:30,460 --> 00:39:35,740
Greeted Minerva, symbolizing
Catherine herself as patroness

472
00:39:35,740 --> 00:39:38,380
education for peace and justice.

473
00:39:38,740 --> 00:39:43,600
Thanks to Catherine, moralizing
carnivals will become annual in Russia.

474
00:39:43,880 --> 00:39:44,940
All in worries.

475
00:39:45,920 --> 00:39:48,560
Yes, I see it too, we only have worries
different.

476
00:39:49,920 --> 00:39:52,020
Do you know what the regiment told me today?

477
00:39:52,900 --> 00:39:55,420
Do we share a bed with your room?
a dog?

478
00:39:56,100 --> 00:39:58,700
Or am I allowed to sleep at your feet?

479
00:39:59,180 --> 00:40:01,260
Men also say stupid things, I will
know.

480
00:40:02,800 --> 00:40:04,360
This is not nonsense.

481
00:40:08,120 --> 00:40:12,660
Lizaveta Petrovna was not afraid to
Razumovsky to get married. Why are you worse?

482
00:40:13,200 --> 00:40:16,000
These are rumors. Which everyone believes.

483
00:40:18,420 --> 00:40:21,980
Announce tomorrow what you and I have decided
get married

484
00:40:23,260 --> 00:40:25,560
If the issues of supplying troops are resolved,

485
00:40:26,350 --> 00:40:29,190
then for now there are no other questions
no consideration left.

486
00:40:29,470 --> 00:40:34,050
Gentlemen, I will ask you to stay with you for another
just a minute. Before you go

487
00:40:34,050 --> 00:40:39,310
execute, but not made decisions, I
I would like to ask your advice.

488
00:40:40,210 --> 00:40:44,590
Agree that it is wrong that the Empress
living in sin?

489
00:40:46,530 --> 00:40:53,190
Wouldn't it be better for me to combine with
legal marriage with the count

490
00:40:53,190 --> 00:40:54,850
Grigory Grigorievich Orlov?

491
00:41:02,510 --> 00:41:05,310
The Empress can do anything
wishes.

492
00:41:05,950 --> 00:41:10,090
But Countess Orlova will not be an empress
maybe.

493
00:41:10,430 --> 00:41:14,830
It’s like you prepared this, Nikita
Ivanovich. Very biting.

494
00:41:15,490 --> 00:41:16,870
And even brazenly.

495
00:41:19,410 --> 00:41:23,090
I apologize, but this judgment is not
arrogance, not courage.

496
00:41:24,610 --> 00:41:28,170
Courage to tell you the truth. And only
only the truth.

497
00:41:29,710 --> 00:41:35,890
Well, we can only hope that Pavlush
you will raise as brave and as

498
00:41:35,890 --> 00:41:40,450
truthful. Thank you, gentlemen. I
I'll think about your words. Meeting

499
00:41:40,450 --> 00:41:41,450
over.

500
00:41:49,730 --> 00:41:53,250
But Catherine was in no hurry to get married.

501
00:41:53,590 --> 00:41:56,850
And she was not going to share power with anyone.

502
00:41:57,670 --> 00:42:02,630
Well, Peter the Great didn’t come to
head the thought of freeing the serfs

503
00:42:02,630 --> 00:42:08,170
peasants I'd say he nailed it
the last nail is another in the coffin, in

504
00:42:08,170 --> 00:42:12,490
which laid Russian in the 17th century
peasantry. To the grave of serfdom.

505
00:42:12,710 --> 00:42:19,410
Catherine was the first Russian monarch,
who tried to open this coffin.

506
00:42:19,550 --> 00:42:20,550
Hope.

507
00:42:21,240 --> 00:42:26,720
The liberation of serfs will become
a joyful event in the life of a Russian

508
00:42:26,720 --> 00:42:33,380
people. Do you think that the decision to
the liberation of the peasants is

509
00:42:33,380 --> 00:42:34,740
Is it just a matter of freedom?

510
00:42:36,360 --> 00:42:38,760
Don't you think so?

511
00:42:44,920 --> 00:42:50,080
You see, I have a canary.

512
00:42:50,620 --> 00:42:57,200
I keep her in a cage. I'm looking after her.
But if I open the cage and let her out, then

513
00:42:57,200 --> 00:43:00,760
she will, of course, die. In your opinion,
Are serfs like canaries?

514
00:43:07,500 --> 00:43:13,640
What if I

515
00:43:13,640 --> 00:43:17,020
Shall I give you a cage?

516
00:43:19,680 --> 00:43:22,480
Then I will hear your divine voice.

517
00:43:24,740 --> 00:43:29,960
She came from reality. She even
I wrote, it’s unlikely that there’s anyone else besides me

518
00:43:29,960 --> 00:43:33,740
five people who think that
Serfdom is bad.

519
00:43:34,160 --> 00:43:40,760
And she writes that if I do this, I will
will throw stones at you. Key point

520
00:43:40,760 --> 00:43:44,920
Catherine's program was joining
European path of development.

521
00:43:45,180 --> 00:43:49,440
Following Peter the Great, Catherine
believed that Russia is part of Europe.

522
00:43:49,440 --> 00:43:51,840
Moreover, its most important part.

523
00:43:52,080 --> 00:43:56,220
You could start from any direction,
for example, with the development of art.

524
00:43:57,100 --> 00:44:02,600
Creative culture, art, theater,
literature. We know what it all takes

525
00:44:02,600 --> 00:44:07,840
beginning in the Catherine period, at 18
century. Catherine learns that Prussian

526
00:44:07,840 --> 00:44:12,620
businessman Johann Gatskowski did not fulfill
your order for Russian grain supplies

527
00:44:12,620 --> 00:44:16,250
army. and offered his own in payment of the debt
collection of paintings.

528
00:44:16,630 --> 00:44:21,790
Ekaterina posted this collection in
halls of the Winter Palace. There were more pictures

529
00:44:21,790 --> 00:44:27,750
two hundred. Among them were masterpieces by Rubens,
Rembrandt, Raphael, Van Dyck, Jordaens

530
00:44:27,750 --> 00:44:28,870
and many others.

531
00:44:29,210 --> 00:44:34,430
She creates a museum for the elite. Word
"Hermitage" is translated as "secluded

532
00:44:34,430 --> 00:44:39,970
place." Ekaterina found her
privacy in the park and then moved it

533
00:44:39,970 --> 00:44:40,970
to the palace.

534
00:44:41,020 --> 00:44:44,080
Instead of trees there were now works
art.

535
00:44:44,300 --> 00:44:48,760
At the beginning of the picture one could see
only in apartments, and opened

536
00:44:48,760 --> 00:44:55,580
This opportunity is only for a select few. But with
mid-19th century under Nicholas I Hermitage

537
00:44:55,580 --> 00:45:01,280
became a public museum. As of today
day it is included in the top ten best museums

538
00:45:01,280 --> 00:45:06,980
peace. Catherine moved her
personal library - 38 thousand books.

539
00:45:07,200 --> 00:45:12,060
The Hermitage also stores unique
watch created by a self-taught mechanic

540
00:45:12,060 --> 00:45:17,320
Ivan Kulibin. The main thing for Catherine
there was service to the state, to Russia.

541
00:45:17,620 --> 00:45:21,380
And Baroque, where there is a lot of gold and
pretentiousness, she did not like it.

542
00:45:21,860 --> 00:45:26,660
Baroque focuses on beauty and
man, on mysticism, that

543
00:45:26,660 --> 00:45:29,300
consistent with government and character
Elizabeth.

544
00:45:29,740 --> 00:45:34,160
Catherine dismisses a courtier
architect Rastrelli, and his successor

545
00:45:34,160 --> 00:45:38,760
invites Scotsman Charles Cameron,
who worked in a more modern

546
00:45:38,760 --> 00:45:43,900
neoclassical style. But the main thing is
education of Russian citizens Ekaterina

547
00:45:43,900 --> 00:45:45,880
considered the word - literature.

548
00:45:46,300 --> 00:45:50,460
Under Catherine, a boom began
book printing. Reading periodicals

549
00:45:50,460 --> 00:45:55,000
publications from which one could learn
weather forecast or current news,

550
00:45:55,040 --> 00:45:56,820
has become an important part of life.

551
00:45:57,140 --> 00:46:02,100
Guidebooks became a separate innovation,
published by open Ekaterina

552
00:46:02,100 --> 00:46:06,780
Institute of Cartography. Before that
the empress ordered to establish

553
00:46:06,780 --> 00:46:11,960
nameplates in capital's houses
streets, written in Russian and German

554
00:46:11,960 --> 00:46:17,630
languages. Catherine made it fashionable not
only reading, but also Between St. Petersburg and

555
00:46:17,630 --> 00:46:21,250
Moscow began such a flow of letters that
had to open a new building

556
00:46:21,250 --> 00:46:25,290
chief postman. Others appeared
buildings that have become symbols of Russian

557
00:46:25,290 --> 00:46:29,190
architecture. Under Catherine there were
the summer garden trellis was built,

558
00:46:29,310 --> 00:46:33,810
Chinese palace, roller coaster,
Bell tower of the Pechersk Lavra. Created

559
00:46:33,810 --> 00:46:38,370
architectural ensemble of Kizhi, including
Intercession Church. Building under construction

560
00:46:38,370 --> 00:46:42,110
Academy of Arts, New Holland,
Pavlovsk Garden, Gatchina,

561
00:46:42,230 --> 00:46:45,770
Grand Duke, Marble and
St. Vladimir's Palaces. Under construction

562
00:46:45,770 --> 00:46:50,010
Tauride Palace, which will become
the State Duma building. Were built

563
00:46:50,010 --> 00:46:51,670
the setting for future stories.

564
00:46:52,530 --> 00:46:57,830
She is, in fact, one of the first
Russian satirical writers. She was

565
00:46:57,830 --> 00:47:02,290
publisher of the magazine "Everything and Everything". And
The genre of journalism is also inherent in it.

566
00:47:02,510 --> 00:47:06,730
Of course, I am self-restrained. But here's the magazine
“Drone”, Novikov writes about me

567
00:47:06,730 --> 00:47:10,930
all sorts of nasty things. I won't whip him
I hit. That means I answer him.

568
00:47:11,240 --> 00:47:14,840
in their, therefore, noble notes,
responding to polemics with him. This one is like this

569
00:47:14,840 --> 00:47:19,100
It means to me that the monarchy is enlightened. Before
Catherine, quite possibly, essay

570
00:47:19,100 --> 00:47:23,640
texts and some such literary
activity could be considered not only

571
00:47:23,640 --> 00:47:28,780
low genre, but something it shouldn't
engage noble husband. She did

572
00:47:28,780 --> 00:47:33,560
working with text is absolutely acceptable
for everyone, moreover, prestigious.

573
00:47:33,850 --> 00:47:37,290
The first person of the state is engaged, and I
I'll study. All this develops in

574
00:47:37,290 --> 00:47:42,010
XIX century, and we get Pushkin,
Tolstoy and other great Russians

575
00:47:42,010 --> 00:47:44,350
writers, poets, artists.

576
00:47:44,590 --> 00:47:51,430
The foundation for this was laid by Catherine. 28
March 1776, a private theater opened

577
00:47:51,430 --> 00:47:56,050
Prince Urusov, supported
empress, who in the future will become

578
00:47:56,050 --> 00:47:58,870
known worldwide as the Bolshoi Theatre.

579
00:47:59,310 --> 00:48:05,410
In 1783, Catherine’s order would be
a unified theater directorate was founded for

580
00:48:05,410 --> 00:48:10,030
all court theaters. Under Catherine
theaters will be founded in Kharkov and Tula,

581
00:48:10,130 --> 00:48:15,230
as well as the Hermitage Theater in
St. Petersburg. In 1772 in

582
00:48:15,230 --> 00:48:19,890
Chinese Theater in Tsarskoe Selo
The premiere of the first Russian opera took place

583
00:48:19,890 --> 00:48:20,890
"Anyuta."

584
00:48:24,970 --> 00:48:30,110
Ekaterina corresponded with the presenters
enlighteners of the era Voltaire, Grimm

585
00:48:30,110 --> 00:48:35,230
and Zimmerman. Baron Grimm Catherine
wrote “I love unplowed lands.

586
00:48:35,270 --> 00:48:39,150
Believe me, these are the best lands. I'm fit
only for Russia."

587
00:48:40,560 --> 00:48:45,840
Catherine begins to write her instructions, her
first political program. Essentially

588
00:48:45,860 --> 00:48:50,440
draft of the future constitution. Empire
must be based on advanced ideas

589
00:48:50,440 --> 00:48:55,440
enlightenment. The main thing is that everyone should be
equal before the law, of course, for

590
00:48:55,440 --> 00:49:00,680
with the exception of the monarch, supreme
ruler responsible for his actions

591
00:49:00,680 --> 00:49:06,660
only before God. Law is
written expression of

592
00:49:06,860 --> 00:49:10,040
what is proper and fair.

593
00:49:10,270 --> 00:49:12,570
from the point of view of society in some
moment in time.

594
00:49:12,930 --> 00:49:18,470
That is, there must necessarily be some
image of the future. Both the peasantry and

595
00:49:18,470 --> 00:49:22,670
nobles and other classes had to
respect the laws.

596
00:49:23,030 --> 00:49:29,510
Finally, two years of writing
the order was completed. And in 1766 she

597
00:49:29,510 --> 00:49:33,790
issues a decree convening deputies for
creating the so-called...

598
00:49:34,000 --> 00:49:38,620
Laid commission. New universal
code of laws of the Russian Empire.

599
00:49:38,960 --> 00:49:40,920
564 deputies.

600
00:49:41,180 --> 00:49:44,460
Representatives of all classes from all
ends of the country.

601
00:49:44,940 --> 00:49:49,280
The chairman of the commission was appointed
Chief General Alexander Ilyich Bibikov.

602
00:49:49,620 --> 00:49:54,660
Ekaterina is close to her dream. And with
impatiently waiting for Bibikov to bring

603
00:49:54,660 --> 00:49:59,860
the result of the work of the Statutory Commission.
Plan for implementing the order. I'm amazed

604
00:49:59,860 --> 00:50:03,300
to you, gentlemen. We stand on the threshold of great
era, and you are so calm.

605
00:50:03,840 --> 00:50:09,340
Nikita Ivanovich, there is no shadow on your face
unrest. Sorry, not everyone will understand

606
00:50:09,340 --> 00:50:10,820
wisdom in enlightenment.

607
00:50:12,580 --> 00:50:19,420
But freedom is the basis of existence.
Chief General Alexander Bibika!

608
00:50:23,960 --> 00:50:27,300
Come on, don't be silent.

609
00:50:27,940 --> 00:50:29,160
I'm glad.

610
00:50:29,880 --> 00:50:32,160
I'm incredibly happy to say.

611
00:50:32,840 --> 00:50:39,680
that the commission at its first meeting
decided to assign your

612
00:50:39,680 --> 00:50:45,300
majesty the title of Catherine the Great,

613
00:50:45,300 --> 00:50:49,320
The Wise and Mother of the Fatherland.

614
00:50:56,700 --> 00:50:58,560
This is all?

615
00:51:03,150 --> 00:51:04,150
This is all.

616
00:51:11,230 --> 00:51:15,450
I told them the laws about the Russian Empire
write. They make apologies for me

617
00:51:15,450 --> 00:51:16,450
personality.

618
00:51:21,470 --> 00:51:24,070
The significance of my deeds is determined by my descendants.

619
00:51:26,590 --> 00:51:28,030
I will, dear God.

620
00:51:28,390 --> 00:51:32,730
Catherine’s order, in fact, prepared
creating a constitution for the country.

621
00:51:32,960 --> 00:51:35,740
But the ruling class was not yet ready
to this.

622
00:51:36,100 --> 00:51:42,780
The laid down commission decided to bring
her title

623
00:51:42,780 --> 00:51:47,600
great and wise mother of the Fatherland for
that she collected them and dispersed.

624
00:51:48,640 --> 00:51:54,100
Serfs. In reforms, the process is more important
result.

625
00:51:54,720 --> 00:51:57,820
Sometimes the result is not achieved
right now.

626
00:51:58,300 --> 00:52:03,460
But what has been developed in the course of preparation
this or that reform it never

627
00:52:03,460 --> 00:52:10,200
disappears. Having taken this step, then at 18
century, in the 20th and 21st centuries you can

628
00:52:10,200 --> 00:52:14,940
talk about what should be
equality before the law and court in our

629
00:52:14,940 --> 00:52:16,280
today's understanding.

630
00:52:16,800 --> 00:52:20,860
Ekaterina continued to pursue her dream.
She got up at 6 am.

631
00:52:21,080 --> 00:52:24,780
But the servants could not keep up with her.
The Empress took this calmly

632
00:52:24,780 --> 00:52:29,800
and lit the fireplace herself, and then brewed
Get some incredibly strong coffee. Up to eight

633
00:52:29,800 --> 00:52:34,540
and half read and worked on my
essays. From nine to eleven

634
00:52:34,540 --> 00:52:37,220
worked with secretaries on official
papers.

635
00:52:37,480 --> 00:52:41,840
Then for two whole hours the Empress
dressed. At this time she was taking

636
00:52:41,840 --> 00:52:44,740
visitors and discussed government
affairs.

637
00:52:44,980 --> 00:52:49,040
From one to two, Catherine dined in a circle
closest associates.

638
00:52:49,470 --> 00:52:54,950
The Empress's favorite dish was boiled
beef with pickles. For dessert

639
00:52:54,950 --> 00:52:56,350
– currant jelly.

640
00:52:57,050 --> 00:53:00,570
Catherine was indifferent to alcohol,
replacing it with fruit drink.

641
00:53:00,850 --> 00:53:03,490
After that, books were read aloud to her.

642
00:53:03,710 --> 00:53:08,550
From four to six the Empress received
at home those who did not get to her in the morning.

643
00:53:08,650 --> 00:53:13,210
After six is her working day
ended, and the well-deserved

644
00:53:13,210 --> 00:53:18,410
rest. She walked in the garden and looked
performances, played cards or

645
00:53:18,410 --> 00:53:24,250
billiards A separate passion of the empress
there was horseback riding. Most of all in the evening

646
00:53:24,250 --> 00:53:29,070
Catherine loved to relax by the fireplace with
your favorite Italian greyhound. At nine

647
00:53:29,070 --> 00:53:31,630
Catherine had dinner and went to bed.

648
00:53:32,810 --> 00:53:39,230
Ekaterina does not give up. She spends
economic reforms. In 1768

649
00:53:39,230 --> 00:53:44,870
for the first time in St. Petersburg and Moscow are published
paper money that complements

650
00:53:44,870 --> 00:53:47,110
metal. Banks are being created.

651
00:53:47,500 --> 00:53:51,840
The Russian Empire is becoming
economic superpower. Introduced

652
00:53:51,840 --> 00:53:55,740
complete freedom to create businesses and
State guardianship is removed.

653
00:53:56,280 --> 00:53:58,440
Fishing and handicrafts are flourishing.

654
00:53:58,740 --> 00:54:01,700
The Nizhny Novgorod trade center is founded
company.

655
00:54:02,000 --> 00:54:06,660
Signals were valued higher than metal ones
money, which in itself is phenomenal.

656
00:54:06,860 --> 00:54:13,280
Catherine is concerned about the health of the people. B
A smallpox epidemic began in Russia. Dying

657
00:54:13,280 --> 00:54:15,120
up to 40% of infected.

658
00:54:15,320 --> 00:54:16,660
Most often children.

659
00:54:17,870 --> 00:54:23,210
In the case of the death of 13-year-old Pavel
Petrovich, the Romanov family could have been cut short.

660
00:54:23,430 --> 00:54:27,470
Catherine learns that in England doctors
tested the grafting method.

661
00:54:27,690 --> 00:54:29,250
The results were successful.

662
00:54:29,510 --> 00:54:34,770
To protect her son's life, she decides
vaccinate him, but wants to do it first

663
00:54:34,770 --> 00:54:36,510
test the vaccine for yourself.

664
00:54:36,790 --> 00:54:42,990
And he arrived in St. Petersburg in the summer of 1768
Britain's best specialist

665
00:54:42,990 --> 00:54:46,230
vaccinations against Smallpox, doctor Thomas Dimmesdale.

666
00:54:46,570 --> 00:54:47,570
You still made up your mind.

667
00:54:49,110 --> 00:54:51,670
Your Majesty, I dare to ask you
change your mind

668
00:54:52,370 --> 00:54:56,090
There is still time to cancel everything. I'm not for
This is what Nikita Ivanovich called you.

669
00:54:56,930 --> 00:54:58,370
The state needs you.

670
00:54:59,290 --> 00:55:03,210
Is this possible sacrifice appropriate now?
All that is required of you is to

671
00:55:03,210 --> 00:55:04,670
the document was ready by morning.

672
00:55:05,530 --> 00:55:06,530
It will be fulfilled.

673
00:55:06,630 --> 00:55:08,450
I'm ready, doctor.

674
00:55:15,399 --> 00:55:18,500
Your Majesty, please raise
your sleeve.

675
00:55:19,240 --> 00:55:23,780
It won't be long, doctor? Everything will pass
very quickly.

676
00:55:24,320 --> 00:55:25,320
Fine.

677
00:55:26,400 --> 00:55:31,660
The so-called smallpox matter was obtained
from a sick seven-year-old boy

678
00:55:31,660 --> 00:55:33,940
named after Sasha Markov. Is that all?

679
00:55:34,320 --> 00:55:39,640
The operation was kept in the deepest secrecy.
In case of failure, Deems Dale took a risk

680
00:55:39,640 --> 00:55:45,380
your reputation and career. Ekaterina
life, and the Russian Empire risked

681
00:55:45,380 --> 00:55:50,180
to remain without its ruler. After
operations Catherine left for Tsarskoe

682
00:55:50,180 --> 00:55:55,120
village On the fifth day I felt
malaise. The heat started on my face

683
00:55:55,120 --> 00:56:00,920
foci of inflammation appeared. Only through
two weeks it was announced its full

684
00:56:00,920 --> 00:56:05,580
recovery. After that Dim's Dyle
vaccinated Catherine's son Pavel.

685
00:56:05,680 --> 00:56:10,760
It was a complete success. Glory to the Enlightened
to the sovereign who risked her life for

686
00:56:10,760 --> 00:56:15,400
of its people, swept throughout
to the world. All over the state they are starting

687
00:56:15,400 --> 00:56:20,260
pharmacies open. However, the tasks
strengthening the state is not limited to

688
00:56:20,260 --> 00:56:23,780
concern for the health of subjects. There are more
foreign policy.

689
00:56:29,610 --> 00:56:35,270
In general, in the Russian mentality there is always
Space plays a special role.

690
00:56:35,490 --> 00:56:41,670
You see, the fact that this is a huge country
this is our pride. And

691
00:56:41,670 --> 00:56:44,510
the sovereign must continually expand it.

692
00:56:44,830 --> 00:56:51,570
With the active support of Catherine II in
In 1764 he was elected king of Poland

693
00:56:51,570 --> 00:56:54,350
Stanislav Poniatowski, former favorite
Catherine.

694
00:56:54,990 --> 00:56:58,750
A significant part of the Polish elite was
against the Russian protege.

695
00:56:59,180 --> 00:57:05,340
In 1768, with the support of France and
Austria they entered into hostilities,

696
00:57:05,360 --> 00:57:08,340
and then Russia sent troops into Poland.

697
00:57:09,040 --> 00:57:14,940
The first Türkiye-Turkish war began
due to what Türkiye demanded from

698
00:57:14,940 --> 00:57:18,340
Russia should stop interfering in
internal affairs of Poland. Our ambassador was

699
00:57:18,340 --> 00:57:22,420
summoned, he was told that the Russians
must evacuate their

700
00:57:22,420 --> 00:57:24,520
troops from Poland. That's it, otherwise it's war.

701
00:57:24,910 --> 00:57:31,050
Our ambassador replied that in such a tone with
They don’t talk to the Russian empress.

702
00:57:31,710 --> 00:57:36,730
Having entered the war with Turkey, Catherine
continued the idea of Peter I to reach

703
00:57:36,730 --> 00:57:37,730
Black Sea.

704
00:57:37,770 --> 00:57:43,410
The Empire must expand, must be
strong. She ordered to transfer

705
00:57:43,410 --> 00:57:48,290
Russian fleet from the Baltic Sea to
Mediterranean to fight the Turkish

706
00:57:48,290 --> 00:57:51,730
a fleet that was superior to the Russian one in
twice.

707
00:57:52,940 --> 00:57:59,440
This was the first time that a large
Russian squadron appeared in the Mediterranean

708
00:57:59,440 --> 00:58:03,280
sea. How prepared are we to hit here?

709
00:58:05,880 --> 00:58:11,660
This will distract the Turks from uprising on
Peloponos. Alyosha, I would like to know

710
00:58:11,660 --> 00:58:13,800
your opinion regarding the direction
blow.

711
00:58:14,100 --> 00:58:16,660
It's risky to hit here, the Turks here
large reserves.

712
00:58:16,960 --> 00:58:18,660
It would be wiser to wait.

713
00:58:20,590 --> 00:58:23,010
I didn't think you were afraid of risk.

714
00:58:23,810 --> 00:58:24,810
You will run.

715
00:58:25,190 --> 00:58:27,770
Yes, I will take you on any adventure.

716
00:58:29,010 --> 00:58:31,630
For your sake, Your Majesty. So prove it.

717
00:58:32,270 --> 00:58:34,310
I'm generous with rewards, you know.

718
00:58:36,130 --> 00:58:38,730
Tomorrow I'm going to the location
our flotilla.

719
00:58:39,130 --> 00:58:40,130
Let's hit here.

720
00:58:40,830 --> 00:58:42,150
In Chesme Bay.

721
00:58:42,970 --> 00:58:45,950
I'll be waiting for your triumphant
come back, Alexey.

722
00:59:10,220 --> 00:59:15,580
Naval battle in Chesme Bay near
the current Turkish from the world in many ways

723
00:59:15,580 --> 00:59:17,120
decided the outcome of the war.

724
00:59:19,760 --> 00:59:21,880
Accept your reward.

725
00:59:22,660 --> 00:59:27,520
The last time the Russian fleet
won victory more than half a century ago

726
00:59:27,520 --> 00:59:33,180
under the command of Peter the Great. And so
Russian sailors proved again

727
00:59:33,180 --> 00:59:34,180
your strength.

728
00:59:37,440 --> 00:59:42,110
Get up. First war with Turkey
ended in victory for Russia.

729
00:59:42,370 --> 00:59:48,970
Kerch, Janicale and
Kinburn, lands between the Dnieper and Bug, and

730
00:59:48,970 --> 00:59:51,850
the Crimean Khanate gained independence from
Turkey.

731
00:59:52,270 --> 00:59:57,750
The trophy of the battle was the commander's flag
Turkish fleet, which Catherine

732
00:59:57,750 --> 01:00:03,130
placed at the tombstone of Peter I in
Peter and Paul Cathedral. In honor of the feat

733
01:00:03,130 --> 01:00:05,950
sailors Ekaterina lays Chesmenskaya
church.

734
01:00:06,320 --> 01:00:11,480
The first unofficial one was also written
Russian anthem “Roll the thunder of victory.”

735
01:00:11,480 --> 01:00:16,240
Remaining the ideological heir of Peter
Great, Catherine developed the army and

736
01:00:16,240 --> 01:00:20,900
fleet. The result of the victory was the first
partition of Poland. They went to Russia

737
01:00:20,900 --> 01:00:25,140
territories of the eastern and western Dvina,
Drut and Dnieper with the cities of Gomel,

738
01:00:25,140 --> 01:00:26,860
Mogilev, Vitebsk, Polotsk.

739
01:00:27,150 --> 01:00:32,910
As a result of the second partition of Poland in
In 1793 the Russian Empire received

740
01:00:32,910 --> 01:00:39,030
eastern territories, including Minsk and
Kyiv region. In the third section 1795

741
01:00:39,030 --> 01:00:44,390
Russia annexed the central and
eastern lands, including Lithuania,

742
01:00:44,390 --> 01:00:46,230
Courland and Western Belarus.

743
01:00:47,210 --> 01:00:53,070
Like Peter I, Catherine invited
service for foreigners. Alexey helped her

744
01:00:53,070 --> 01:00:58,550
Orlov. He recruited guardsman José de
Ribas, who not only became a hero

745
01:00:58,550 --> 01:01:02,990
Russian-Turkish war, but also founded
Black Sea port of Odessa.

746
01:01:03,250 --> 01:01:09,070
Hence the name of the main street of the city -
Deribasovskaya. At 48, de Ribas became

747
01:01:09,070 --> 01:01:15,670
admiral. In 1788 to the Russian army
young Napoleon tried to enter

748
01:01:15,670 --> 01:01:21,230
Buonaparte, but by this time Catherine
II issued a decree demoting foreigners to

749
01:01:21,230 --> 01:01:27,420
ranks. Napoleon refused and returned
to France. Found in India in the 17th century

750
01:01:27,420 --> 01:01:29,660
diamond weighing almost 200 carats.

751
01:01:29,960 --> 01:01:34,600
Catherine bought it, but asked
Grigory Orlov to bring her a stone to

752
01:01:34,600 --> 01:01:39,040
name day. Glory about the gift
spread throughout Europe, and since then

753
01:01:39,040 --> 01:01:42,100
since then, except for Orlov's diamond, there is no
called.

754
01:01:42,340 --> 01:01:47,540
A year later, a diamond by order of the Empress
inserted into her scepter, where it remains and

755
01:01:47,540 --> 01:01:48,540
to this day.

756
01:01:49,290 --> 01:01:53,450
Catherine needed active
assistants for whom Russia would be

757
01:01:53,450 --> 01:01:58,270
above all. Therefore, despite everything
successes, the influence of the Orlovs was ending.

758
01:01:58,470 --> 01:02:03,910
A new one was rising on the Russian horizon
star. He had outstanding appearance

759
01:02:03,910 --> 01:02:08,450
data and physical strength, but
contemporaries especially noted him

760
01:02:08,450 --> 01:02:13,130
character. This man could be
both lazy and hardworking,

761
01:02:13,150 --> 01:02:16,610
scattered and concentrated, cruel and
soft.

762
01:02:17,150 --> 01:02:18,690
Grigory Potemkin.

763
01:02:19,430 --> 01:02:23,670
Grigory Potemkin was expelled from
Moscow University, but did

764
01:02:23,670 --> 01:02:27,130
career in the guard, where she noticed him
Ekaterina.

765
01:02:28,910 --> 01:02:33,510
Once at court, he quickly became bored
and signed up as a volunteer in Russian

766
01:02:33,510 --> 01:02:38,250
-the Turkish war, from which he returned
hero and almost immediately became a new one

767
01:02:38,250 --> 01:02:39,510
Catherine's favorite.

768
01:02:40,050 --> 01:02:43,890
Nobleman, non-official, this is petty for
him, he is a Russian state

769
01:02:43,890 --> 01:02:47,790
man. Together they carry the import of the empire.

770
01:02:51,020 --> 01:02:57,960
At the end of 1772, at the height of the First
Turkish war, in the Yaik town of Talovy

771
01:02:57,960 --> 01:03:04,400
Umyod appeared as a participant in the Seven Years' War,
fugitive Don Cossack Emelyan Pugachev. By

772
01:03:04,400 --> 01:03:09,280
legend, Pugachev was asked in the bathhouse about
his weird tattoos. He's joking

773
01:03:09,280 --> 01:03:14,660
replied that they were royal, and identified himself
surviving Peter the Third. Cossacks in this

774
01:03:14,660 --> 01:03:17,740
believed and spread a rumor about the survivor
king

775
01:03:18,300 --> 01:03:20,960
Yaik Cossacks quickly joined
impostor.

776
01:03:21,240 --> 01:03:24,880
The Pugachev army numbered about 40
thousand people.

777
01:03:25,200 --> 01:03:30,380
Later they joined Peter the Third
residents of the Urals and Volga region, who also dreamed

778
01:03:30,380 --> 01:03:34,760
about justice and new freedoms.
Most cities of resistance

779
01:03:34,760 --> 01:03:39,200
the rebels were not helped. Among the rebels
there were several dozen guns.

780
01:03:39,660 --> 01:03:45,380
In October 1773, Pugachev approached
Orenburg and besieged the city.

781
01:03:45,620 --> 01:03:49,760
Catherine sent a detachment numbering
one and a half thousand people, but

782
01:03:49,760 --> 01:03:54,720
government troops were defeated
rebels. The siege of the city had already lasted

783
01:03:54,720 --> 01:03:55,720
six months.

784
01:03:56,500 --> 01:04:01,840
The Empress again against Pugachev
sent an army, which was led by

785
01:04:01,840 --> 01:04:02,840
General Bibikov.

786
01:04:03,290 --> 01:04:08,610
This time Pugachev was defeated and
was forced to flee, but soon returned

787
01:04:08,610 --> 01:04:14,910
with the new army and issued a decree that he, as
Emperor Peter III, announces the complete

788
01:04:14,910 --> 01:04:20,270
liberation of the peasants. As a result, everything
the southern lands were swallowed up by the rebels.

789
01:04:20,510 --> 01:04:24,990
Pugachev went to Tsaritsyn, but
followed by a series of defeats from

790
01:04:24,990 --> 01:04:28,410
government army, which
headed by Ivan Mikhelson.

791
01:04:28,970 --> 01:04:33,650
The Cossacks were depressed and, wanting to soften
their fate, they themselves betrayed Pugachev

792
01:04:33,650 --> 01:04:39,670
tsarist army in September 1774. On
this ended the uprising.

793
01:04:39,930 --> 01:04:43,910
Personally accompanied Pugachev to his execution
Alexander Suvorov.

794
01:04:44,190 --> 01:04:49,250
Pugachevsky will be so scared of the Russians
nobility, which in the time of Pushkin

795
01:04:49,250 --> 01:04:50,250
this was remembered.

796
01:04:50,270 --> 01:04:57,110
The most important consequence of Pugachevsky
the uprising was that both she and her son

797
01:04:57,110 --> 01:05:03,940
Pavel. and her grandson Alexander, and even her
grandson Nikolai remembered this very well

798
01:05:03,940 --> 01:05:10,860
lesson and consistent in your policy
denied the possibility of transmission

799
01:05:10,860 --> 01:05:17,080
political power to the nobility or
aristocracy, keeping the sovereign over

800
01:05:17,080 --> 01:05:22,180
everyone. The peasant war scared
Ekaterina. Little by little she became

801
01:05:22,180 --> 01:05:24,100
doubt the ideas of enlightenment.

802
01:05:24,410 --> 01:05:29,470
It turned out that the freed peasant
the first thing he picks up is not a book, but

803
01:05:29,470 --> 01:05:34,290
knife Now she has arguments for
dispute with educators. In St. Petersburg

804
01:05:34,290 --> 01:05:36,470
the idol of her youth, Diderot, is visiting.

805
01:05:38,060 --> 01:05:42,580
I learned that Your Majesty is preparing
sign something completely impossible.

806
01:05:42,860 --> 01:05:45,220
These new laws are all very
alarming.

807
01:05:45,900 --> 01:05:50,660
Why are you so concerned about those preparing
reforms? Under no circumstances is this allowed

808
01:05:50,660 --> 01:05:54,420
sign. Can't you see
possible mediations? Pugachev seems

809
01:05:54,420 --> 01:06:00,080
small change. You can't just because of one thing
rebel to deprive the entire people of freedom.

810
01:06:01,660 --> 01:06:05,020
Mister Diderot, I am with great
I enjoyed listening to everything

811
01:06:05,020 --> 01:06:09,700
offers your brilliant... But yours
noble ideas are good for books, however

812
01:06:09,700 --> 01:06:12,240
they are not good for them
follow in real life.

813
01:06:12,700 --> 01:06:19,300
Yes, of course, I understand you, but it is necessary
at least... And now

814
01:06:19,300 --> 01:06:24,860
I need to leave you. I have
several urgent matters.

815
01:06:31,009 --> 01:06:35,370
Catherine was offered in every village,
took part in the riot, put

816
01:06:35,370 --> 01:06:40,630
gallows and hang on it for ten
rioters. To which she replied, then

817
01:06:40,630 --> 01:06:46,090
I will have no subjects, no
cruelty. Ekaterina understands that

818
01:06:46,090 --> 01:06:50,430
management needs to be reformed
country. The poll tax was abolished

819
01:06:50,430 --> 01:06:54,870
for merchants and given complete freedom for
organization of industrial enterprises.

820
01:06:55,160 --> 01:06:59,840
A decision was made to divide the Russian
empire into 41 provinces. Ekaterina

821
01:06:59,840 --> 01:07:04,240
appointed heads of all her provinces
proteges, strengthening the central

822
01:07:04,240 --> 01:07:07,080
power. Special attention was paid
Heraldry.

823
01:07:07,320 --> 01:07:11,620
Official coats of arms received
St. Petersburg, Moscow and other cities

824
01:07:11,620 --> 01:07:18,540
countries. The reforms have borne fruit. By 1782
number of manufactories in Russia

825
01:07:18,540 --> 01:07:19,540
reached 3000.

826
01:07:20,140 --> 01:07:24,740
Russia began exporting wheat and
came out on top in the world

827
01:07:24,740 --> 01:07:27,180
production of iron, cast iron and copper.

828
01:07:27,660 --> 01:07:33,580
Catherine continued the work of Peter in all
aspects of the empire's development. Peter brought to

829
01:07:33,580 --> 01:07:38,860
country of potatoes. She ordered
get tomatoes. It was a golden age

830
01:07:38,860 --> 01:07:43,500
Russian Empire. Catherine needs
higher level of education

831
01:07:43,500 --> 01:07:44,660
Russian nobility.

832
01:07:44,970 --> 01:07:49,370
For this purpose, he founded in St. Petersburg
Smolny Institute, and in Moscow

833
01:07:49,370 --> 01:07:51,050
noble boarding house for nobles.

834
01:07:51,310 --> 01:07:55,790
Catherine introduced school reform
free public schools where possible

835
01:07:55,790 --> 01:07:57,790
children of the free classes study.

836
01:07:58,150 --> 01:08:04,790
In 1783, for the first time in the world, director
The Academy of Sciences became a woman. Ekaterina

837
01:08:04,790 --> 01:08:09,330
appointed her longtime employee to this position
comrade Ekaterina Dashkova, in whose

838
01:08:09,330 --> 01:08:13,490
program included the development of Russian
language and studying the history of the country.

839
01:08:14,700 --> 01:08:18,880
Made an equestrian statue of Peter the Great
the great French sculptor Etiam

840
01:08:18,880 --> 01:08:23,680
Falcone, but the head created it
19-year-old student Maria Anna Collo.

841
01:08:23,859 --> 01:08:28,920
She made the pupils in the shape of hearts. By
legend, so Kollo confessed her love

842
01:08:28,920 --> 01:08:34,040
Falcone. Catherine assigned for work
Kollo received a lifetime pension and made it

843
01:08:34,040 --> 01:08:35,700
the first female academician.

844
01:08:41,550 --> 01:08:46,529
Catherine's favorite dog breed was
Italian Greyhound, descendant of the Pharaoh Hound,

845
01:08:46,529 --> 01:08:51,569
who lived 6 thousand years ago. With her head
depicted the Egyptian god Anubis.

846
01:08:51,950 --> 01:08:56,430
Italian Greyhounds first appeared in Russia during
Peter I for hunting hares.

847
01:08:56,649 --> 01:09:00,870
Unfortunately, there are no parallels with Peter
were limited to the achievements of the first

848
01:09:00,870 --> 01:09:05,630
Emperor. Like Peter and his son
Alexey, things didn’t work out for Catherine

849
01:09:05,630 --> 01:09:08,590
relationship with the future heir to the throne
Pavel.

850
01:09:09,180 --> 01:09:13,920
Ekaterina Alekseevna was convinced that
young Russian emperors should be married

851
01:09:13,920 --> 01:09:16,460
exclusively on German princesses.

852
01:09:16,800 --> 01:09:21,880
Pavel's second marriage was successful. In a year
his baptized wife Maria Fedorovna

853
01:09:21,880 --> 01:09:27,319
gave birth to her first child, Alexander Pavlovich.
Immediately after the birth of her grandson, Ekaterina

854
01:09:27,319 --> 01:09:31,740
ordered to take the child away from
parents, just like her own

855
01:09:31,740 --> 01:09:35,859
They took my son away. After this relationship
Pavla and his mother finally

856
01:09:35,859 --> 01:09:41,050
spoiled. However, he could not openly
contradict my mother and even took part

857
01:09:41,050 --> 01:09:43,029
in court theatrical productions.

858
01:09:43,290 --> 01:09:47,350
Catherine herself wrote comedies and
librettos for operas, publishing them in

859
01:09:47,350 --> 01:09:53,330
Petersburg Gazette and satirical
magazine "All sorts of things". Mother, and I

860
01:09:53,330 --> 01:09:54,510
I don't want to participate in this.

861
01:09:56,210 --> 01:10:00,990
You are going to run the state.
A ruler must learn to speak publicly

862
01:10:00,990 --> 01:10:05,290
speeches. Prove to us that you are
worthy. Let's start, music.

863
01:10:18,580 --> 01:10:24,680
Alexander came to see me for an hour...
Bad. And I haven't even finished yet. And already

864
01:10:24,680 --> 01:10:26,680
bad. I don't understand what you want.

865
01:10:36,580 --> 01:10:37,580
Gentlemen!

866
01:10:39,460 --> 01:10:43,160
Today Alexander came to see me for an hour
Great.

867
01:10:44,280 --> 01:10:46,540
Fabulous! Bravo, amazing!

868
01:10:46,990 --> 01:10:47,990
Amazing!

869
01:10:51,390 --> 01:10:54,290
This is the effect words should have
ruler

870
01:10:54,610 --> 01:10:56,530
Or do you not have the required qualities?

871
01:10:56,970 --> 01:11:00,110
Eat. Well, prove it. I'm tired.

872
01:11:00,550 --> 01:11:06,550
You know, you should look for someone else
performer for your vaudeville act.

873
01:11:07,870 --> 01:11:14,010
You should develop those talents
which the future should have

874
01:11:14,010 --> 01:11:15,010
ruler

875
01:11:15,920 --> 01:11:19,440
Otherwise your reign will turn into
vaudeville.

876
01:11:30,180 --> 01:11:34,960
Catherine was proclaimed mother
fatherland. But she couldn't become

877
01:11:34,960 --> 01:11:39,840
a good mother for your own
only son. She loved Pavel

878
01:11:39,880 --> 01:11:42,340
however, I had no intention of giving it to him
throne

879
01:11:42,780 --> 01:11:47,440
When Pavel's second son was born,
Catherine took it away too. Second grandson

880
01:11:47,440 --> 01:11:52,040
named Konstantin in honor of the latter
Byzantine emperor. And this one

881
01:11:52,040 --> 01:11:56,880
the boy, according to Catherine's plan, should
was to become the first new ruler

882
01:11:56,880 --> 01:12:02,100
revived Byzantine Empire,
the founder of a new ruling dynasty.

883
01:12:02,180 --> 01:12:05,340
Historians call Catherine's plan
Greek project.

884
01:12:05,980 --> 01:12:10,360
The main idea was military defeat
Ottoman Empire, conquest

885
01:12:10,360 --> 01:12:16,060
Constantinople, the return of the greatest
Orthodox shrine, Hagia Sophia

886
01:12:16,060 --> 01:12:21,140
and the construction of a new Byzantium under
protection of the Russian Empire. On

887
01:12:21,140 --> 01:12:25,180
territories of present-day Romania and Moldova
it was supposed to create a state

888
01:12:25,180 --> 01:12:29,280
Dacia. King of this new country
became Grigory Potemkin.

889
01:12:29,550 --> 01:12:34,370
If the Greek project is successful, all
world geopolitics has become

890
01:12:34,370 --> 01:12:37,210
fundamentally different configuration.
Mother.

891
01:12:37,570 --> 01:12:42,430
And Russia gained the power about which
Peter the Great himself did not even think about it.

892
01:12:44,590 --> 01:12:47,390
So, why are you out of the way and right away with
business, huh?

893
01:12:47,610 --> 01:12:49,610
Arrived on the most pleasant business.

894
01:12:50,230 --> 01:12:51,310
This is not the case.

895
01:12:51,830 --> 01:12:53,130
This is a gift.

896
01:12:53,570 --> 01:12:55,450
Present? Come on, let me see.

897
01:12:56,430 --> 01:12:57,710
What is it?

898
01:12:58,860 --> 01:13:00,240
Juror sheets.

899
01:13:01,060 --> 01:13:02,060
Whose?

900
01:13:03,840 --> 01:13:08,780
Almost all the Crimean know you
buckled up.

901
01:13:10,080 --> 01:13:13,240
Allow me another gift.

902
01:13:15,800 --> 01:13:19,880
It would be necessary to announce that the Crimean criminals are under
your crown.

903
01:13:23,640 --> 01:13:28,160
Aren't you in too much of a hurry, prince?
The sworn papers have been signed.

904
01:13:29,100 --> 01:13:30,100
We need to act.

905
01:13:30,840 --> 01:13:31,900
What about the port?

906
01:13:33,040 --> 01:13:37,200
While Suvorov is not there with his army
they will decide.

907
01:13:41,660 --> 01:13:43,440
Well, what if you're wrong?

908
01:13:47,380 --> 01:13:48,680
You'll cut off my head.

909
01:13:55,660 --> 01:13:57,960
That's why it's not a nice time, mother.

910
01:13:58,510 --> 01:14:01,490
I swear to you, your descendants will remember you.

911
01:14:02,610 --> 01:14:03,610
Go.

912
01:14:16,970 --> 01:14:22,270
Under the terms of peace in Crimea, it was created
formally independent state.

913
01:14:22,560 --> 01:14:28,120
But in 1783 Grigory Potemkin
annexed to the Russian Empire

914
01:14:28,120 --> 01:14:31,900
Crimean peninsula. In the same year there was
Sevastopol was founded.

915
01:14:32,340 --> 01:14:37,940
Catherine's journey to Crimea, aka
Tauride leader, lasted from January to

916
01:14:37,940 --> 01:14:40,380
July 1787.

917
01:14:40,740 --> 01:14:45,700
Catherine left with a retinue of three
thousands of courtiers. On the Empress Train

918
01:14:45,700 --> 01:14:50,680
there were more than a thousand carriages, sleighs, vases,
carts The carriage Ekaterina could accommodate 12

919
01:14:50,680 --> 01:14:54,440
man. Some of the routes were on river
galleys.

920
01:14:55,200 --> 01:15:00,520
Potemkin's energetic activity before
Catherine's arrival led to the emergence

921
01:15:00,520 --> 01:15:03,080
legends about Potemkin villages.

922
01:15:03,360 --> 01:15:09,560
In reality, thought and fantasy
His Serene Highness was ahead of his time and

923
01:15:09,560 --> 01:15:11,620
struck the empress's imagination.

924
01:15:15,760 --> 01:15:21,240
For her, this is the high point of her reign.
This is the man she loved

925
01:15:21,240 --> 01:15:27,350
all my life, at her feet that's all
quit. This was done for the sake of the state.

926
01:15:27,350 --> 01:15:30,890
Russia is me. And this is mine
empire. Now she is showing everyone

927
01:15:30,890 --> 01:15:34,330
Europe. The ships are now firing salvos, and
Now it's stalling. And she had

928
01:15:34,330 --> 01:15:35,670
grandiose plans.

929
01:15:36,230 --> 01:15:40,150
Ekaterinoslav make the capital and
build a cathedral higher than St. Peter's

930
01:15:40,150 --> 01:15:41,150
Rome.

931
01:15:41,350 --> 01:15:43,630
The orchestra organized it and invited Mozart.

932
01:15:44,140 --> 01:15:50,680
Mozart has arrived, the construction of cities,
fleet, a lot of everything, Crimea,

933
01:15:50,680 --> 01:15:53,840
all this appeared, Novorossiya, everything
thanks to the losses.

934
01:15:54,400 --> 01:15:58,520
Türkiye did not recognize the accession
peninsula to the Russian Empire and

935
01:15:58,520 --> 01:16:03,580
demanded that Crimea be returned back. Except
Moreover, Russia managed to enter Transcaucasia and

936
01:16:03,580 --> 01:16:05,760
there also to push back the Ottomans and Persians.

937
01:16:06,090 --> 01:16:12,330
In 1783 under the protectorate of Russia
crossed into Eastern Georgia. So it began

938
01:16:12,330 --> 01:16:18,770
another Russian-Turkish war. For
Catherine is the second. In 1790

939
01:16:18,770 --> 01:16:24,430
the Turkish fleet was defeated twice
Admiral Fedor Ushakov. By the end of the year

940
01:16:24,430 --> 01:16:30,210
remnants of the Turkish army in Bessarabia, before
40 thousand bayonets took refuge in the fortress

941
01:16:30,210 --> 01:16:35,750
Ishmael. In order to force Turkey to
capitulation, a decisive one was needed,

942
01:16:35,750 --> 01:16:39,390
a fundamental victory, and victory is forged
military leaders.

943
01:16:40,190 --> 01:16:45,610
Commander-in-Chief of the Southern Army Gregory
Potemkin called the best commander

944
01:16:45,610 --> 01:16:50,430
Russian army, General-in-Chief Alexander
Vasilievich Suvorov.

945
01:17:00,400 --> 01:17:02,840
They say they want three weeks.

946
01:17:30,429 --> 01:17:32,510
I understand you. I'll tell you everything.

947
01:17:40,090 --> 01:17:41,370
Prepare for the assault.

948
01:17:41,730 --> 01:17:43,250
They won't give up.

949
01:17:43,530 --> 01:17:48,270
The capture of Ishmael dates back to that period
Second Russian-Turkish War, when

950
01:17:48,270 --> 01:17:52,610
the task was to strike her with a blow that
will take her out of the war.

951
01:17:53,050 --> 01:17:56,750
Suvorov was personally convinced that Izmail
no weak points.

952
01:17:57,100 --> 01:18:02,620
and the assault will be difficult. Was
An exact copy of the fortress was built. on her

953
01:18:02,620 --> 01:18:05,080
troops learned to storm high walls.

954
01:18:05,460 --> 01:18:12,320
On the morning of December 22, the ultimatum expired,
and Suvorov began the assault. The troops were

955
01:18:12,320 --> 01:18:16,500
built in columns, each of which
attacked her section of the fortress.

956
01:18:19,040 --> 01:18:23,900
Suvorov wanted to storm Izmail in
at dusk, so that the Turks could not provide

957
01:18:23,900 --> 01:18:28,560
resistance. At 3 a.m. the Russians
the troops moved to their original positions.

958
01:18:28,640 --> 01:18:34,560
At 4 the battle formations deployed. At 5.30
stormed the walls, climbing up

959
01:18:34,560 --> 01:18:36,760
stairs under a hail of Turkish bullets.

960
01:19:38,000 --> 01:19:42,420
The Russian army cleared everything of the Ottomans
northern coasts of the Black Sea and all

961
01:19:42,420 --> 01:19:46,840
coast of Azov. Total length
coastline that came under control

962
01:19:46,840 --> 01:19:50,140
Russia, amounted to about 3.5 thousand
kilometers.

963
01:19:50,380 --> 01:19:55,420
The Tauride region is formed,
the city of Sevastopol is founded. Potemkin

964
01:19:55,420 --> 01:19:57,680
receives an honorary title
Tauride.

965
01:19:57,920 --> 01:20:02,480
He is carrying out military reform. Russian
the army reaches half a million people.

966
01:20:23,660 --> 01:20:25,080
Your Majesty, please forgive me.

967
01:20:25,380 --> 01:20:27,260
Handcuff delivered to urgent notice.

968
01:20:32,800 --> 01:20:36,140
Gentlemen, I ask you to leave
empress.

969
01:20:39,840 --> 01:20:46,140
During 1791 Grigory Potemkin
prepared to sign a peace treaty

970
01:20:46,140 --> 01:20:50,780
between Russia and Turkey. War and hard
work undermined his health. We

971
01:20:50,780 --> 01:20:51,900
gathered for a while, madam.

972
01:20:53,480 --> 01:20:57,420
October 16, returning from the city
Yassov-Nikolaev, Prince Potemkin

973
01:20:57,420 --> 01:20:58,440
felt bad.

974
01:20:58,980 --> 01:21:03,500
He was carried out of the carriage and laid on
land. He crossed himself and said

975
01:21:03,500 --> 01:21:08,280
“Lord, your liars betray my spirit” and
sighed for the last time.

976
01:21:09,400 --> 01:21:10,400
Grisha.

977
01:21:11,460 --> 01:21:16,120
The life he had, he will have
now completely different. And she will

978
01:21:16,120 --> 01:21:19,960
mourn him and say no
my dear friend, no Grisha.

979
01:21:20,240 --> 01:21:21,240
I'd say he was.

980
01:21:21,680 --> 01:21:28,500
perhaps the most understanding and able
develop it creatively

981
01:21:28,500 --> 01:21:29,760
ideas.

982
01:21:38,280 --> 01:21:43,300
Catherine had a hard time with her death
Potemkin, but the general political course

983
01:21:43,300 --> 01:21:47,400
Russia remained unchanged. New cities
appeared one after another.

984
01:21:47,600 --> 01:21:52,220
Catherine's Black Sea Cossack Army
The second was issued a letter of complaint,

985
01:21:52,360 --> 01:21:57,480
according to which the Cossacks will have eternal possession
Kuban land was transferred. Capital

986
01:21:57,480 --> 01:22:02,380
The Cossacks called this territory
Ekaterinodar. Now this is Krasnodar, one

987
01:22:02,380 --> 01:22:04,320
of the largest cities in southern Russia.

988
01:22:04,660 --> 01:22:09,940
Cities were also founded under Catherine
Kherson, Sevastopol, Simferopol,

989
01:22:09,980 --> 01:22:11,820
Nikolaev, Odessa and many others.

990
01:22:12,600 --> 01:22:18,280
After spending almost 30 years in power,
Catherine continues to think about how

991
01:22:18,280 --> 01:22:20,100
manage the empire correctly.

992
01:22:20,360 --> 01:22:26,640
We always perceive the enlightenment of ideas
like some kind of extension

993
01:22:26,640 --> 01:22:30,920
of certain democratic principles.
The Great French Revolution why

994
01:22:30,920 --> 01:22:36,680
happened? She saw what happened
what can a complete

995
01:22:36,680 --> 01:22:39,920
enslavement of the state by one or another
class.

996
01:22:40,280 --> 01:22:45,020
Enlightenment ideas about equality led
in France to the revolt of the common people

997
01:22:45,020 --> 01:22:46,020
against the nobility.

998
01:22:46,120 --> 01:22:48,320
The uprisings grew into a revolution.

999
01:22:48,540 --> 01:22:55,480
In 1789 the monarchy was limited and
a draft Constitution was drawn up. But

1000
01:22:55,480 --> 01:23:00,620
four years later King Louis XVI
was accused of treason and lost his head

1001
01:23:00,620 --> 01:23:05,200
guillotine. Next on the block came his
wife Maria Antonetta.

1002
01:23:10,010 --> 01:23:14,610
Not what scared her, but what forced her
wonder if I'm doing the right thing,

1003
01:23:14,750 --> 01:23:20,930
Am I introducing the laws that are here correctly?
there they led to this terrible massacre.

1004
01:23:21,430 --> 01:23:26,770
The ideas of enlightenment turned into bloody
pogroms. Catherine's illusions were

1005
01:23:26,770 --> 01:23:31,710
destroyed, good intentions turned around
catastrophe, and she issues decrees about

1006
01:23:31,710 --> 01:23:36,670
closure of all private printing houses, about
restriction of freedom of printing, about

1007
01:23:36,670 --> 01:23:38,370
dissolution of all Masonic lodges.

1008
01:23:38,720 --> 01:23:44,700
In February 1793, Catherine published
decree stopping all trade

1009
01:23:44,700 --> 01:23:49,860
relations with France. Almost everything
undergo a certain evolution about which

1010
01:23:49,860 --> 01:23:52,740
wrote Churchill, from liberal to
conservative. There wasn't one in my youth

1011
01:23:52,740 --> 01:23:55,660
liberals, you have no heart. If you to
old age did not become a conservative, you

1012
01:23:55,660 --> 01:23:59,700
no brains. I began to fear her
literature. That's because she realized

1013
01:23:59,740 --> 01:24:01,680
that something is wrong with literature.

1014
01:24:02,220 --> 01:24:06,860
Radishchev's book was not received as
criticism. This is what the empress could do

1015
01:24:06,860 --> 01:24:11,260
leave without reaction. But it looked
as a personal insult and libelous

1016
01:24:11,260 --> 01:24:14,580
the results of her reign. And she will forgive this
I couldn't.

1017
01:24:15,080 --> 01:24:16,820
No, well, you read this, huh?

1018
01:24:19,920 --> 01:24:21,020
No way, Your Majesty.

1019
01:24:21,240 --> 01:24:22,340
Well, listen.

1020
01:24:22,580 --> 01:24:26,660
I noticed from numerous examples,
that the Russian people are very patient and

1021
01:24:26,660 --> 01:24:31,280
endures to the extreme. But when
puts an end to your patience, then nothing

1022
01:24:31,280 --> 01:24:34,580
can't keep him from
bowed down to cruelty. What is this

1023
01:24:34,580 --> 01:24:35,580
is that?

1024
01:24:35,760 --> 01:24:37,120
Is this a call to revolt?

1025
01:24:37,700 --> 01:24:39,080
What is this anyway?

1026
01:24:39,920 --> 01:24:43,160
Scoundrel, Your Majesty. Yes it's simple
criminal. I agree, Your Majesty.

1027
01:24:43,300 --> 01:24:44,300
How could this be published?

1028
01:24:44,820 --> 01:24:47,100
Immediately order
destroyed all the books.

1029
01:24:48,680 --> 01:24:53,560
Don't you think this is excessive? B
our enlightened age struggles with books.

1030
01:24:53,760 --> 01:24:57,940
So I don't fight with books, I fight with
harmful thoughts that slip

1031
01:24:57,940 --> 01:25:01,900
to the reader. Wasn’t it Voltaire who wrote,
that only then is a person worth something,

1032
01:25:02,000 --> 01:25:04,340
when has its own point
vision?

1033
01:25:14,000 --> 01:25:17,820
You are still too young and live in captivity of your own
illusions. Well?

1034
01:25:18,470 --> 01:25:22,470
like me at your age. But it will come again
time, and you will definitely understand me.

1035
01:25:23,450 --> 01:25:26,890
Stepan Ivanovich, give orders that
the author never picked it up again

1036
01:25:26,890 --> 01:25:27,890
pen.

1037
01:25:28,170 --> 01:25:29,790
It will be done, Your Majesty.

1038
01:25:31,990 --> 01:25:36,550
Catherine finally decides to hand over
power not to his son Pavel, but to his grandson

1039
01:25:36,550 --> 01:25:39,830
Alexandra, whom he brings up as
heir.

1040
01:25:41,990 --> 01:25:46,610
Peter's Law of 1722, which
said the Emperor of Russia.

1041
01:25:47,470 --> 01:25:52,730
may appoint anyone as his successor
from subjects.

1042
01:25:52,950 --> 01:25:59,210
Catherine continues to develop her empire.
In 1796, the Russian campaign took place

1043
01:25:59,210 --> 01:26:00,210
armies to Persia.

1044
01:26:00,330 --> 01:26:05,070
The occupation of Derbent, Baku and
Khanates along the Kura and Araks and their

1045
01:26:05,070 --> 01:26:06,370
joining Russia.

1046
01:26:06,670 --> 01:26:12,770
During Catherine's reign the population
Russia almost doubled from 19 to

1047
01:26:12,770 --> 01:26:14,370
36 million people.

1048
01:26:43,150 --> 01:26:44,710
Your Majesty, I heard a noise.

1049
01:26:50,690 --> 01:26:52,330
Mother, let me come in.

1050
01:26:55,350 --> 01:26:56,730
Your Majesty.

1051
01:26:58,630 --> 01:27:00,090
Your Majesty.

1052
01:27:02,550 --> 01:27:03,550
Mother.

1053
01:27:04,110 --> 01:27:06,610
Mother. Mother feels bad.

1054
01:27:07,130 --> 01:27:08,430
Lord, what happened?

1055
01:27:09,490 --> 01:27:10,490
Mother.

1056
01:27:11,880 --> 01:27:13,460
Pillow, pillow, pillow.

1057
01:27:18,800 --> 01:27:19,800
Move it.

1058
01:27:20,580 --> 01:27:22,880
And call the doctor, the doctor.

1059
01:27:23,560 --> 01:27:25,500
Open the window, open the window.

1060
01:27:34,120 --> 01:27:40,340
The Empress died on November 6, 1796 in
aged 67 years.

1061
01:27:40,760 --> 01:27:45,540
The cause of death is considered to be stroke. Her
buried in the Peter and Paul Cathedral

1062
01:27:45,540 --> 01:27:51,840
St. Petersburg. The era of Catherine II
ended, just like the era of women's

1063
01:27:51,840 --> 01:27:52,840
boards.

1064
01:27:57,620 --> 01:28:04,360
14 years before Catherine's death in
Petersburg there was a ceremonial

1065
01:28:04,360 --> 01:28:06,820
opening of the monument to Peter I.

1066
01:28:07,520 --> 01:28:12,480
The Empress was there with her elder
grandson Alexander. Ekaterina Alekseevna

1067
01:28:12,480 --> 01:28:18,200
ruled Russia for 34 years. Longer than everything
other emperors and empresses with

1068
01:28:18,200 --> 01:28:21,700
the times of Peter the Great. Treasury revenues
increased 4 times.

1069
01:28:21,980 --> 01:28:28,160
29 new provinces were formed and
More than 140 cities were founded. Volume

1070
01:28:28,160 --> 01:28:30,160
trade increased 5 times.

1071
01:28:30,440 --> 01:28:33,460
Under Catherine, trade relations developed
with China.

1072
01:28:33,690 --> 01:28:38,370
The first embassy was established in
Japan. The army and navy increased by three

1073
01:28:38,370 --> 01:28:40,830
times and were completely rearmed.

1074
01:28:41,050 --> 01:28:46,230
The Empress did not lose a single war.
Catherine ordered to leave it on the monument

1075
01:28:46,230 --> 01:28:51,710
laconic inscription. Peter the First,
Catherine the second. These four are simple

1076
01:28:51,710 --> 01:28:56,810
words emphasize continuity and
the inviolability of the general course of development

1077
01:28:56,810 --> 01:29:00,950
countries. From Peter, the creator of the empire, to
Catherine.

1078
01:29:01,260 --> 01:29:06,920
The Empress brought paintings from Europe,
books and other works of art

1079
01:29:06,920 --> 01:29:12,460
more than all previous Russians
rulers combined. Scale

1080
01:29:12,460 --> 01:29:17,380
Catherine II's activities are amazing
imagination. Russia has become

1081
01:29:17,380 --> 01:29:21,180
the only superpower influencing
the fate of the whole world.

1082
01:29:21,440 --> 01:29:27,990
This German princess came second
after Peter the great monarch. Peter

1083
01:29:27,990 --> 01:29:32,950
surprised Europe with our victories, Ekaterina
accustomed Europe to our victories.

1084
01:29:33,350 --> 01:29:39,990
The state, the empire that was built
both Peter and Catherine existed before

1085
01:29:39,990 --> 01:29:46,350
beginning of the 20th century. A woman in a foreign country
which, by the will of fate, became this country

1086
01:29:46,350 --> 01:29:50,110
lead, and who realized that she
loves this country very much, and she loves everything

1087
01:29:50,110 --> 01:29:51,110
Russian.

1088
01:29:52,880 --> 01:29:58,780
Catherine the Great, like Peter the Great,
knew how to surround herself with smart, ambitious people

1089
01:29:58,780 --> 01:30:04,480
and talented people. She dreamed
make Russia a great empire and

1090
01:30:04,480 --> 01:30:05,480
achieved her goal.

1091
01:30:05,740 --> 01:30:10,700
Russia is worth not only God's
by permission, but above all by labor.

1092
01:30:10,720 --> 01:30:14,440
This is how it was under Ekaterina Alekseevna. Yes
still exists today.