1 00:00:13,021 --> 00:00:16,200 ♪ (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 2 00:00:16,220 --> 00:00:19,031 RAOUL PECK: This is Aby Osceola. 3 00:00:20,060 --> 00:00:22,100 She is from the Seminole Nation. 4 00:00:24,121 --> 00:00:27,181 Her story goes deep into the history of this continent. 5 00:00:29,240 --> 00:00:32,021 She reminds me of my mother. 6 00:00:34,081 --> 00:00:36,231 But despite the resemblance, they each come, 7 00:00:36,250 --> 00:00:39,231 although through not totally unrelated events, 8 00:00:39,250 --> 00:00:42,151 from different strands of history. 9 00:00:42,170 --> 00:00:44,041 (GUNSHOT) 10 00:00:46,140 --> 00:00:48,210 RAOUL: Aby's role is played by Caisa, 11 00:00:48,231 --> 00:00:50,051 a Swedish actress 12 00:00:50,070 --> 00:00:53,081 of both Colombian and Native American ancestry. 13 00:00:54,151 --> 00:00:56,060 (HORSE NEIGHS) 14 00:00:56,231 --> 00:00:58,021 RAOUL: It is said 15 00:00:58,041 --> 00:01:00,210 that the Seminole Nation never signed any treaty 16 00:01:00,231 --> 00:01:03,180 with the United States government. 17 00:01:03,200 --> 00:01:07,171 That's why they are called "the invincible tribe." 18 00:01:09,221 --> 00:01:13,021 But for now, it is about another story. 19 00:01:13,040 --> 00:01:14,141 ♪ (MUSIC FADES) ♪ 20 00:01:14,161 --> 00:01:17,060 (OCEAN RUMBLING) 21 00:01:17,081 --> 00:01:20,161 RAOUL: In that larger story, there are three words 22 00:01:20,180 --> 00:01:24,040 that summarize the whole history of humanity: 23 00:01:24,060 --> 00:01:28,060 civilization, colonization, extermination. 24 00:01:28,081 --> 00:01:29,221 ♪ (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 25 00:01:29,240 --> 00:01:33,201 RAOUL: These words run forcibly through Western world history, 26 00:01:33,221 --> 00:01:37,250 the same way they drill to the core of U.S. history. 27 00:01:38,030 --> 00:01:40,100 -(ARROWS WHISTLE) -(BISON GROWLS) 28 00:01:40,120 --> 00:01:43,041 RAOUL: And it's not so much about winners and losers, 29 00:01:43,060 --> 00:01:45,141 or between conqueror or conquered, 30 00:01:45,161 --> 00:01:49,130 nor between colonist and colonized. 31 00:01:49,150 --> 00:01:53,051 The forces involved here are less visible than gunfire, 32 00:01:53,070 --> 00:01:56,171 class property, or political crusades. 33 00:01:56,191 --> 00:01:58,130 But they are no less powerful. 34 00:01:58,150 --> 00:02:01,230 ♪ (DRAMATIC MUSIC CONTINUES) ♪ 35 00:02:09,081 --> 00:02:12,051 RAOUL: Entire civilizations in the Western Hemisphere 36 00:02:12,071 --> 00:02:15,030 were wantonly destroyed, setting the Western world 37 00:02:15,051 --> 00:02:17,131 on a path of greed and destruction. 38 00:02:18,150 --> 00:02:20,180 For history is the fruit of power, 39 00:02:20,201 --> 00:02:23,060 and power is crucial to the story, 40 00:02:23,081 --> 00:02:25,131 which then always becomes, at best, 41 00:02:25,150 --> 00:02:27,131 a story about those who won. 42 00:02:28,160 --> 00:02:31,220 And clearly, this needs to be challenged... 43 00:02:31,240 --> 00:02:34,030 (SINGING) ♪ Some guys care a lot for me ♪ 44 00:02:34,051 --> 00:02:36,141 ♪ But my excitement They can't fan ♪ 45 00:02:36,160 --> 00:02:39,191 ♪ Because I still await My primitive mate ♪ 46 00:02:39,210 --> 00:02:44,081 ♪ We've had a date Since the world began ♪ 47 00:02:44,100 --> 00:02:48,081 ♪ My prehistoric man... ♪ 48 00:02:48,100 --> 00:02:50,220 RAOUL: ...for it is about who we are today. 49 00:02:50,240 --> 00:02:53,081 About what we have become as a people. 50 00:02:53,100 --> 00:02:55,210 And on what side of history we are. 51 00:02:55,231 --> 00:02:57,100 What side of the truth. 52 00:02:57,120 --> 00:03:00,101 (SINGING) ♪ Simple and free In the long ago... ♪ 53 00:03:00,120 --> 00:03:02,101 RAOUL: A certain view of history contends 54 00:03:02,120 --> 00:03:05,060 that the historical narrative is just one fiction 55 00:03:05,081 --> 00:03:06,150 among others. 56 00:03:08,090 --> 00:03:09,101 It is not. 57 00:03:09,120 --> 00:03:12,240 There is no such thing as alternative facts. 58 00:03:13,021 --> 00:03:15,210 (SINGING) ♪ They didn't have bebop ♪ 59 00:03:15,231 --> 00:03:18,090 ♪ Tom-toms, tom-toms ♪ 60 00:03:18,111 --> 00:03:22,041 ♪ They sat all day Just a-beatin' on tom-toms ♪ 61 00:03:22,060 --> 00:03:24,090 ♪ I really love tom-toms ♪ 62 00:03:24,111 --> 00:03:25,131 ♪ (DRUMS BEATING) ♪ 63 00:03:25,150 --> 00:03:29,021 (MIMIC CHANTING IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE) 64 00:03:29,231 --> 00:03:31,171 (EXAGGERATED GROAN) 65 00:03:32,171 --> 00:03:34,240 (CHANTING CONTINUES) 66 00:03:35,021 --> 00:03:39,051 ♪ (SOMBER MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 67 00:03:39,071 --> 00:03:41,160 ♪ ("PREHISTORIC MAN" CONTINUES PLAYING) ♪ 68 00:03:48,030 --> 00:03:49,081 (SCREECHES) 69 00:03:52,180 --> 00:03:54,041 (SAILOR YELPS) 70 00:03:54,060 --> 00:03:57,100 ♪ (SOMBER MUSIC CONTINUES) ♪ 71 00:04:01,120 --> 00:04:03,111 (CRICKETS CHIRPING) 72 00:04:04,180 --> 00:04:06,231 ♪ (SOMBER MUSIC CONTINUES) ♪ 73 00:04:09,190 --> 00:04:11,051 ♪ (MUSIC FADES) ♪ 74 00:04:19,030 --> 00:04:21,030 (INSECTS CHIRPING) 75 00:04:23,210 --> 00:04:25,040 (BIRDS TWITTERING) 76 00:04:43,150 --> 00:04:45,090 This is the day we fight. 77 00:04:50,111 --> 00:04:54,100 -(CHILD CRYING) -(HORSE NEIGHS) 78 00:04:56,050 --> 00:04:59,141 (INDISTINCT CHATTER) 79 00:05:11,061 --> 00:05:12,241 Chieftain Yah-Ho-Cuchee, 80 00:05:13,210 --> 00:05:15,081 we must leave. 81 00:05:15,100 --> 00:05:18,050 We are the ones who arrived latest here. 82 00:05:18,071 --> 00:05:19,090 Kwame-Micco, 83 00:05:20,100 --> 00:05:21,230 we are family now. 84 00:05:21,251 --> 00:05:24,121 -You stay. -Yes. 85 00:05:24,141 --> 00:05:27,050 But family is not meant to bring harm. 86 00:05:27,071 --> 00:05:29,131 They bring harm to our nation. 87 00:05:29,150 --> 00:05:30,201 Not you. 88 00:05:31,141 --> 00:05:33,111 It's better we surrender. 89 00:05:33,131 --> 00:05:36,191 So you and your people can have time to run and hide. 90 00:05:38,090 --> 00:05:39,220 This is our land. 91 00:05:40,220 --> 00:05:42,180 The white man wants our land. 92 00:05:43,180 --> 00:05:45,030 We will fight. 93 00:05:45,180 --> 00:05:46,210 Together. 94 00:05:46,230 --> 00:05:48,191 Or we will die together. 95 00:05:49,210 --> 00:05:52,021 And it will be a great honor. 96 00:05:52,040 --> 00:05:53,191 Hink-lah-mas-tchay. 97 00:05:54,141 --> 00:05:56,050 All is well, then. 98 00:05:56,071 --> 00:05:58,160 (HORSE SNORTS, BLOWS) 99 00:05:59,100 --> 00:06:01,170 (HORSE SNORTS) 100 00:06:01,191 --> 00:06:04,021 (HORSE NEIGHS) 101 00:06:08,071 --> 00:06:09,141 (COUGHS) 102 00:06:18,121 --> 00:06:20,071 (HORSE NEIGHS) 103 00:06:24,071 --> 00:06:26,141 (INDISTINCT CHATTER) 104 00:06:38,180 --> 00:06:40,241 I do not want to spill Seminole blood, 105 00:06:41,160 --> 00:06:42,251 kill Seminole children, 106 00:06:43,220 --> 00:06:45,050 Seminole women. 107 00:06:46,061 --> 00:06:48,121 Give us back the American property you stole 108 00:06:48,141 --> 00:06:51,021 from our good fellowmen planters and settlers, 109 00:06:51,040 --> 00:06:52,241 and I'll let you move to the Indian Territory 110 00:06:53,021 --> 00:06:55,210 the U.S. government has provided for your people. 111 00:06:55,230 --> 00:06:58,160 You call human beings your property? 112 00:06:59,061 --> 00:07:00,110 They're slaves. 113 00:07:01,141 --> 00:07:03,040 You steal land. 114 00:07:03,201 --> 00:07:05,121 You steal life. 115 00:07:05,141 --> 00:07:07,170 You steal humans. 116 00:07:07,191 --> 00:07:10,081 What kind of species are you? 117 00:07:10,100 --> 00:07:12,121 -This kind. -(GUNSHOT) 118 00:07:14,081 --> 00:07:16,241 ♪ (OMINOUS MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 119 00:07:33,191 --> 00:07:36,071 -(HORSES NEIGHING) -(GUNFIRE) 120 00:07:36,090 --> 00:07:37,201 (HORSE NEIGHING) 121 00:07:40,230 --> 00:07:43,081 (GUNFIRE CONTINUES) 122 00:07:43,100 --> 00:07:46,030 (HOOVES GALLOPING) 123 00:07:46,050 --> 00:07:48,061 (CANNON BOOMS) 124 00:07:51,170 --> 00:07:53,230 (GUNFIRE FADES) 125 00:07:53,251 --> 00:07:58,230 ♪ (PLAYFUL MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 126 00:07:59,141 --> 00:08:02,030 (INDISTINCT CHATTER) 127 00:08:07,021 --> 00:08:09,100 (LAUGHTER) 128 00:08:09,121 --> 00:08:13,170 RAOUL: "All Jews and Negroes ought really to be exterminated. 129 00:08:13,191 --> 00:08:15,141 We shall be victorious. 130 00:08:15,160 --> 00:08:18,170 The other races will disappear and die out," 131 00:08:18,191 --> 00:08:23,160 said the White Aryan Resistance in 1991, in Sweden. 132 00:08:23,181 --> 00:08:26,040 ♪ (OMINOUS MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 133 00:08:26,061 --> 00:08:29,160 RAOUL: 2016, 25 years later, 134 00:08:29,181 --> 00:08:31,201 a well-known Swedish department store 135 00:08:31,220 --> 00:08:35,040 wanted something new for its Christmas catalog. 136 00:08:36,060 --> 00:08:40,030 ♪ (CHOIR SINGING HYMN) ♪ 137 00:08:40,050 --> 00:08:41,200 RAOUL: The store wanted to pay tribute 138 00:08:41,221 --> 00:08:46,021 to what Sweden is today: a largely multicultural society. 139 00:08:46,040 --> 00:08:50,211 ♪ (SINGING HYMN) ♪ 140 00:08:50,231 --> 00:08:53,080 RAOUL: To wear St. Lucia's white gown, 141 00:08:53,101 --> 00:08:56,180 a popular 18th century tradition, 142 00:08:56,200 --> 00:09:00,070 it chose a nine-year-old dark-skinned boy. 143 00:09:00,091 --> 00:09:04,040 The innocent boy had a shy smile on his lips. 144 00:09:04,060 --> 00:09:07,070 It was the smile, more than anything else, 145 00:09:07,091 --> 00:09:09,121 that was not taken well. 146 00:09:09,141 --> 00:09:13,050 In Sweden, one of the most tolerant countries in Europe, 147 00:09:13,070 --> 00:09:15,150 like everywhere else in the world, 148 00:09:15,170 --> 00:09:17,241 hate is on the rise again. 149 00:09:18,021 --> 00:09:21,111 -(KEYBOARD CLACKING) -(NOTIFICATION DINGS) 150 00:09:22,050 --> 00:09:23,091 (NOTIFICATION WHISTLES) 151 00:09:24,180 --> 00:09:27,200 -(NOTIFICATION BEEPS) -(KEYBOARD CLACKING) 152 00:09:27,221 --> 00:09:30,160 (INDISTINCT CLAMORING) 153 00:09:30,180 --> 00:09:33,021 ♪ (OMINOUS MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 154 00:09:33,040 --> 00:09:35,060 DONALD TRUMP: We have people coming into the country, 155 00:09:35,080 --> 00:09:38,030 or trying to come in, we're stopping a lot of them. 156 00:09:38,050 --> 00:09:39,160 These aren't people, 157 00:09:40,091 --> 00:09:41,131 these are animals. 158 00:09:41,150 --> 00:09:44,211 ♪ (MUSIC CONTINUES) ♪ 159 00:09:47,091 --> 00:09:50,080 This is not immigration, this is invasion. 160 00:09:53,231 --> 00:09:55,101 You need to be afraid, 161 00:09:55,121 --> 00:09:57,160 because they are coming for you. 162 00:09:57,180 --> 00:10:00,111 STEVE KING: We have to do something to increase our birth rate, 163 00:10:00,131 --> 00:10:03,111 or the vacuum that's created will be filled by people 164 00:10:03,131 --> 00:10:06,050 that don't believe in our values here in Western civilization, 165 00:10:06,070 --> 00:10:08,021 and we're seeing it happen in the Netherlands 166 00:10:08,040 --> 00:10:10,221 and all across Europe, and that's a lot about... 167 00:10:10,241 --> 00:10:14,211 The white establishment is now the minority. 168 00:10:14,231 --> 00:10:17,190 (IN PORTUGUESE) 169 00:10:25,190 --> 00:10:28,211 (IN ENGLISH) We wanted to do a good impression. 170 00:10:28,231 --> 00:10:30,070 SDU MEMBER: It's respectful. 171 00:10:34,131 --> 00:10:37,141 ♪ (SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 172 00:10:37,160 --> 00:10:39,150 (GUNSHOTS) 173 00:10:42,231 --> 00:10:45,091 -(CAR ENGINE REVVING) -(CROWD SCREAMING) 174 00:10:45,111 --> 00:10:48,231 ALL: (CHANTING) You will not replace us! 175 00:10:48,251 --> 00:10:51,251 You will not replace us! 176 00:10:52,030 --> 00:10:54,170 You will not replace us! 177 00:10:54,190 --> 00:10:57,190 You will not replace us! 178 00:10:58,121 --> 00:11:00,141 (CHANTING FADES) 179 00:11:03,040 --> 00:11:05,070 (BIRD CALLING) 180 00:11:06,160 --> 00:11:10,211 ♪ (SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 181 00:11:10,231 --> 00:11:14,070 BARACK OBAMA: In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, 182 00:11:14,091 --> 00:11:17,060 we understand that greatness is never a given. 183 00:11:17,251 --> 00:11:19,170 It must be earned. 184 00:11:19,190 --> 00:11:23,251 It is time for us to realize that we are too great a nation 185 00:11:24,030 --> 00:11:26,241 to limit ourselves to small dreams. 186 00:11:28,251 --> 00:11:30,150 GEORGE W. BUSH: Much time has passed 187 00:11:30,170 --> 00:11:33,131 since Jefferson arrived for his inauguration. 188 00:11:33,150 --> 00:11:36,101 The years and changes accumulate. 189 00:11:36,121 --> 00:11:40,040 But the themes of this day he would know: 190 00:11:40,060 --> 00:11:43,021 our nation's grand story of courage 191 00:11:43,040 --> 00:11:45,211 and its simple dream of dignity. 192 00:11:45,231 --> 00:11:50,150 TRUMP: We are one nation, and their pain is our pain. 193 00:11:50,170 --> 00:11:52,221 Theirs dreams are our dreams, 194 00:11:52,241 --> 00:11:57,180 and their success will be our success. 195 00:11:57,200 --> 00:12:01,091 Though we march to the music of our time, 196 00:12:01,111 --> 00:12:04,030 our mission is timeless. 197 00:12:04,251 --> 00:12:06,091 TRUMP: Together, 198 00:12:06,111 --> 00:12:09,111 we will make America strong again. 199 00:12:09,131 --> 00:12:12,141 We will make America wealthy again. 200 00:12:12,160 --> 00:12:15,180 We will make America proud again. 201 00:12:15,200 --> 00:12:18,190 We will make America safe again. 202 00:12:18,211 --> 00:12:20,221 And, yes, together, 203 00:12:20,241 --> 00:12:24,121 we will make America great again. 204 00:12:24,141 --> 00:12:29,030 -(CHEERING AND APPLAUSE) -Thank you. God bless you. And God bless America. 205 00:12:31,060 --> 00:12:32,101 Thank you. 206 00:12:33,060 --> 00:12:35,021 God bless America. 207 00:12:36,241 --> 00:12:39,030 (CHEERING AND APPLAUSE FADE) 208 00:12:39,251 --> 00:12:43,021 (THUNDER RUMBLING) 209 00:12:44,030 --> 00:12:45,221 OBAMA: We sometimes make mistakes. 210 00:12:45,241 --> 00:12:47,131 We have not been perfect. 211 00:12:47,150 --> 00:12:50,221 But if you look at, uh, the track record, as you say, 212 00:12:50,241 --> 00:12:53,150 America was not born as a colonial power. 213 00:12:53,170 --> 00:12:55,101 ♪ (MUSIC STOPS) ♪ 214 00:12:56,190 --> 00:12:59,131 RAOUL: Well, actually, it was. 215 00:12:59,150 --> 00:13:03,050 America was born as a colonial power. 216 00:13:03,070 --> 00:13:06,111 And this fact is a difficult one to admit, 217 00:13:06,131 --> 00:13:10,211 for it bears the fatal capacity to disrupt the core story 218 00:13:10,231 --> 00:13:12,200 we have been told all these years 219 00:13:12,221 --> 00:13:15,070 and the very foundation of this country. 220 00:13:16,170 --> 00:13:18,190 It's not an easy story to tell. 221 00:13:18,211 --> 00:13:21,160 Because the story still continues today. 222 00:13:21,180 --> 00:13:25,231 A story of the search for purity and for a godly kingdom. 223 00:13:25,251 --> 00:13:28,190 A story of survival and violence. 224 00:13:28,211 --> 00:13:32,141 A search for origin, 400 years after the voyage 225 00:13:32,160 --> 00:13:35,111 that is said to have made the nation. 226 00:13:35,131 --> 00:13:39,050 ♪ (JAZZ MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 227 00:13:39,070 --> 00:13:42,030 RAOUL: 1962, Brooklyn, New York. 228 00:13:43,221 --> 00:13:47,040 This is me in the middle. The author. 229 00:13:47,060 --> 00:13:49,211 I'm not sure how I ended up here, 230 00:13:49,231 --> 00:13:52,050 although I might have my suspicions. 231 00:13:55,021 --> 00:13:58,021 This is British explorer Henry Morton Stanley 232 00:13:58,040 --> 00:13:59,121 on the Congo river. 233 00:14:00,221 --> 00:14:02,241 This is me with Henry. 234 00:14:05,021 --> 00:14:06,080 My parents are working there 235 00:14:06,101 --> 00:14:09,040 for the newly independent Republic of Congo, 236 00:14:09,060 --> 00:14:11,231 like a few hundred other Haitian nationals 237 00:14:11,251 --> 00:14:14,111 hired by the UN to replace the Belgians 238 00:14:14,131 --> 00:14:16,030 who had fled their former colony. 239 00:14:16,050 --> 00:14:18,221 -(FILM REEL WHIRRING) -♪ (PIANO MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 240 00:14:37,221 --> 00:14:40,091 ♪ (JAZZ MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 241 00:14:40,111 --> 00:14:42,141 RAOUL: New York, 1964. 242 00:14:43,251 --> 00:14:45,180 My brother Hébert and me 243 00:14:45,200 --> 00:14:49,211 on our way to public school P.S. 138 in Brooklyn, 244 00:14:49,231 --> 00:14:52,030 between Nostrand and Rogers. 245 00:14:53,170 --> 00:14:55,241 First time in the snow. 246 00:14:56,021 --> 00:14:59,070 My mother and my cousin came down for the picture 247 00:14:59,091 --> 00:15:01,070 before going to their factory jobs 248 00:15:01,091 --> 00:15:02,211 in the Garment District. 249 00:15:04,150 --> 00:15:06,021 On our way to Congo again, 250 00:15:06,040 --> 00:15:09,121 after General Mobutu's 1965 coup. 251 00:15:11,060 --> 00:15:12,160 Despite his crimes, 252 00:15:12,180 --> 00:15:16,050 Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga 253 00:15:16,070 --> 00:15:18,241 would remain a welcome guest everywhere 254 00:15:19,021 --> 00:15:20,131 for the next 30 years. 255 00:15:21,190 --> 00:15:24,241 It helps when you are one of the richest men in the world 256 00:15:25,021 --> 00:15:29,131 and you control an extravagant assortment of copper, uranium, 257 00:15:29,150 --> 00:15:31,190 cobalt, diamonds, and gold. 258 00:15:36,200 --> 00:15:40,050 We traveled a lot, because of another dictator. 259 00:15:44,190 --> 00:15:47,131 ♪ (OMINOUS MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 260 00:15:53,080 --> 00:15:55,190 RAOUL: But it doesn't feel like an exile. 261 00:15:56,091 --> 00:15:58,050 I am with family. 262 00:15:58,070 --> 00:16:01,030 I am an immigrant from a "shithole country," 263 00:16:01,050 --> 00:16:02,030 like he said. 264 00:16:02,050 --> 00:16:04,211 ♪ (QUIET PIANO MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 265 00:16:28,040 --> 00:16:32,060 -(ELECTRICITY HUMS) -(KEYBOARD CLACKING) 266 00:16:32,080 --> 00:16:35,021 RAOUL: There is this one short, simple sentence 267 00:16:35,040 --> 00:16:37,200 that sums up the history of the Western world 268 00:16:37,221 --> 00:16:40,030 and the European continent. 269 00:16:40,170 --> 00:16:42,160 (KEYBOARD CLACKING) 270 00:16:43,141 --> 00:16:46,030 At the turn of the 20th century, 271 00:16:46,050 --> 00:16:48,170 a Polish writer named Joseph Conrad, 272 00:16:48,190 --> 00:16:51,251 who often thought in French but wrote in English, 273 00:16:52,030 --> 00:16:54,070 succeeded in putting it into words 274 00:16:54,091 --> 00:16:57,170 in his novel entitled Heart of Darkness. 275 00:16:59,060 --> 00:17:01,101 This sentence, spoken by Kurtz, 276 00:17:01,121 --> 00:17:03,221 the main character of Conrad's book, 277 00:17:03,241 --> 00:17:06,070 will be the last on the civilizing task 278 00:17:06,090 --> 00:17:09,231 of the white man among the savages of Africa. 279 00:17:09,251 --> 00:17:13,090 And this sentence says nothing about Europe 280 00:17:13,110 --> 00:17:16,021 as the original home of humanism, 281 00:17:16,040 --> 00:17:18,060 democracy, and welfare. 282 00:17:20,021 --> 00:17:24,171 It says nothing about anything to be rightly proud of. 283 00:17:24,191 --> 00:17:28,030 It simply tells the truth we prefer to forget. 284 00:17:28,050 --> 00:17:30,161 -(PLANE ENGINES REVVING) -(BOMBS WHISTLING) 285 00:17:33,100 --> 00:17:34,151 (EXPLOSION BOOMS) 286 00:17:34,171 --> 00:17:37,110 ♪ ("WAR REQUIEM OP 66" BY BENJAMIN BRITTEN PLAYING) ♪ 287 00:17:46,161 --> 00:17:48,130 ♪ (MUSIC FADES) ♪ 288 00:17:48,151 --> 00:17:51,080 RAOUL: The English word, "exterminate," 289 00:17:51,100 --> 00:17:53,030 from the Latin "extermino," 290 00:17:53,050 --> 00:17:57,060 means "drive over the border to death, banish for life." 291 00:18:01,181 --> 00:18:05,050 The object of the action is seldom a single individual, 292 00:18:05,070 --> 00:18:08,181 but usually whole groups, such as quitch grass, 293 00:18:09,080 --> 00:18:10,080 rats, 294 00:18:11,080 --> 00:18:12,100 or people. 295 00:18:13,241 --> 00:18:15,130 The term "brutes," of course, 296 00:18:15,151 --> 00:18:18,221 reduces the object to its mere animal status. 297 00:18:18,241 --> 00:18:21,100 ♪ (OMINOUS MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 298 00:18:21,120 --> 00:18:23,151 (BIRDS CALLING) 299 00:18:25,040 --> 00:18:27,090 Africans have been called beasts 300 00:18:27,110 --> 00:18:30,151 ever since their very first contact with Europeans, 301 00:18:30,171 --> 00:18:33,251 who described them as "rude and beastly." 302 00:18:36,070 --> 00:18:40,021 (JUNGLE ANIMALS SCREECHING) 303 00:18:48,130 --> 00:18:51,140 ♪ (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 304 00:19:00,060 --> 00:19:02,120 RAOUL: It is in the 17th century 305 00:19:02,140 --> 00:19:04,251 that Thomas Hobbes said to a friend, 306 00:19:06,151 --> 00:19:09,090 "Some men are of so cruel a nature 307 00:19:09,110 --> 00:19:11,140 as to take a delight in killing men 308 00:19:11,161 --> 00:19:13,191 more than you should to kill a bird." 309 00:19:18,251 --> 00:19:21,110 This is Sven Lindqvist, 310 00:19:21,130 --> 00:19:23,211 a man I now call a friend. 311 00:19:23,231 --> 00:19:27,241 He wrote the book entitled Exterminate All the Brutes. 312 00:19:28,211 --> 00:19:30,130 This is also his story. 313 00:19:35,140 --> 00:19:36,221 Sven told me... 314 00:19:38,060 --> 00:19:41,120 in an Algerian town in the desert, named Salah, 315 00:19:41,140 --> 00:19:44,171 the Scottish explorer Alexander Gordon Laing 316 00:19:44,191 --> 00:19:46,110 was attacked and robbed. 317 00:19:48,100 --> 00:19:51,110 He had five saber cuts on the crown of his head 318 00:19:51,130 --> 00:19:54,090 and three on the left temple. 319 00:19:54,110 --> 00:19:58,080 The one on his left cheekbone fractured his jawbone 320 00:19:58,100 --> 00:19:59,211 and slit his ear. 321 00:19:59,231 --> 00:20:03,191 A dreadful gash in his neck scratched his windpipe, 322 00:20:03,211 --> 00:20:05,090 and so on. 323 00:20:05,110 --> 00:20:09,021 Laing was attacked in January 1825. 324 00:20:09,040 --> 00:20:11,080 But fear is timeless. 325 00:20:12,110 --> 00:20:15,191 "A man may destroy everything within himself," 326 00:20:15,211 --> 00:20:17,211 wrote Conrad. 327 00:20:17,231 --> 00:20:21,120 "Love and hate and belief, and even doubt. 328 00:20:21,140 --> 00:20:23,100 But as long as he clings to life, 329 00:20:23,120 --> 00:20:25,110 -he cannot destroy fear." -(MONKEY SCREECHES) 330 00:20:25,130 --> 00:20:27,080 (GUNSHOT) 331 00:20:28,130 --> 00:20:30,171 RAOUL: Fear always remains. 332 00:20:32,060 --> 00:20:36,140 Perhaps in fear we seek an increased perception of life, 333 00:20:36,161 --> 00:20:39,221 a more compelling form of existence. 334 00:20:39,241 --> 00:20:43,161 I am frightened, therefore I exist. 335 00:20:43,181 --> 00:20:46,211 The more frightened I am, the more I exist? 336 00:20:49,060 --> 00:20:52,231 ♪ ("I'M HAPPY WHEN I CATCH A CARIBOU" BY JOHN PIASTUTETE PLAYING) ♪ 337 00:20:58,080 --> 00:21:01,130 RAOUL: There was a land named Tsenacommacah, 338 00:21:01,151 --> 00:21:05,040 which means "densely inhabited land." 339 00:21:05,060 --> 00:21:08,241 It was a powerful confederacy of more than 30 nations 340 00:21:09,021 --> 00:21:10,181 led by Wahunsonacock, 341 00:21:10,201 --> 00:21:13,181 better known as the father of Pocahontas. 342 00:21:15,201 --> 00:21:18,151 On May 14th, 1607, 343 00:21:18,171 --> 00:21:21,050 a hundred and four English men and boys 344 00:21:21,070 --> 00:21:22,161 landed on Tsenacommacah, 345 00:21:22,181 --> 00:21:24,181 on the bank of the Powhatan River, 346 00:21:24,201 --> 00:21:27,251 and decided to establish a settlement. 347 00:21:28,030 --> 00:21:30,080 But soon enough, it was very clear 348 00:21:30,100 --> 00:21:32,090 that they lacked a supply line 349 00:21:32,110 --> 00:21:35,211 and proved unable or unwilling to grow crops 350 00:21:35,231 --> 00:21:38,120 or hunt for their own sustenance. 351 00:21:39,171 --> 00:21:41,100 Military leader John Smith 352 00:21:41,120 --> 00:21:43,171 threatened to kill all the women and children 353 00:21:43,191 --> 00:21:47,080 if the Powhatans would not feed and clothe the settlers, 354 00:21:47,100 --> 00:21:50,100 as well as provide them with land and labor. 355 00:21:51,100 --> 00:21:53,171 The leader of the Powhatan Confederacy, 356 00:21:53,191 --> 00:21:56,151 Wahunsonacock, entreated the invaders. 357 00:21:57,231 --> 00:21:59,130 "Why should you take by force 358 00:21:59,151 --> 00:22:02,100 that from us which you can have by love? 359 00:22:02,120 --> 00:22:06,100 Why should you destroy us who have provided you with food? 360 00:22:07,040 --> 00:22:09,021 What can you get by war? 361 00:22:09,040 --> 00:22:11,181 What is the cause of your jealousy? 362 00:22:11,201 --> 00:22:13,100 You see us unarmed 363 00:22:13,120 --> 00:22:15,161 and willing to supply your wants, 364 00:22:15,181 --> 00:22:17,201 if you will come in a friendly manner, 365 00:22:17,221 --> 00:22:21,201 and not with swords and guns, as to invade an enemy." 366 00:22:23,140 --> 00:22:26,050 Smith's threat was carried out. 367 00:22:26,070 --> 00:22:29,251 After all, he worked for the Virginia Company of London, 368 00:22:30,030 --> 00:22:31,181 a for-profit enterprise. 369 00:22:34,151 --> 00:22:38,241 War against the Powhatans started in August 1609, 370 00:22:39,021 --> 00:22:41,231 and their elimination was the order of the day. 371 00:22:41,251 --> 00:22:43,050 (GUNSHOT) 372 00:22:44,181 --> 00:22:45,241 (DISTANT SHOUTING) 373 00:22:47,030 --> 00:22:48,221 -(HORSE NEIGHS) -(GUNSHOT) 374 00:22:50,130 --> 00:22:51,231 (GUNSHOT) 375 00:22:51,251 --> 00:22:54,191 ♪ (SOMBER MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 376 00:22:57,241 --> 00:23:02,130 (GUNSHOTS CONTINUE) 377 00:23:03,040 --> 00:23:04,181 (RAVEN CAWS) 378 00:23:12,090 --> 00:23:13,171 (GRUNTS) 379 00:23:17,211 --> 00:23:18,231 (COUGHS) 380 00:23:22,241 --> 00:23:23,241 (GUNSHOT) 381 00:23:25,060 --> 00:23:27,251 (INDISTINCT SHOUTING) 382 00:23:28,030 --> 00:23:30,140 (GUNSHOTS CONTINUE) 383 00:23:36,021 --> 00:23:38,241 (SHOUTING CONTINUES) 384 00:23:50,120 --> 00:23:52,140 (RAVEN CAWING) 385 00:23:54,040 --> 00:23:55,050 (GUNSHOT) 386 00:24:06,151 --> 00:24:07,161 (GUNSHOT) 387 00:24:10,060 --> 00:24:11,060 (GRUNTS) 388 00:24:14,241 --> 00:24:15,241 (COUGHS) 389 00:24:24,030 --> 00:24:26,161 ♪ (MUSIC FADES) ♪ 390 00:24:30,221 --> 00:24:32,130 RAOUL: Sven tells me, 391 00:24:32,151 --> 00:24:34,070 "You already know enough. 392 00:24:34,231 --> 00:24:36,030 So do I. 393 00:24:36,050 --> 00:24:38,040 It is not knowledge we lack. 394 00:24:38,060 --> 00:24:39,080 What is missing 395 00:24:39,100 --> 00:24:41,171 is the courage to understand what we know 396 00:24:41,191 --> 00:24:43,021 and to draw conclusions." 397 00:24:46,181 --> 00:24:49,120 For we know now when the story started. 398 00:24:49,140 --> 00:24:52,070 We know now when race, color, and blood 399 00:24:52,090 --> 00:24:55,100 became institutionalized for the first time. 400 00:24:55,120 --> 00:24:57,151 ♪ (OMINOUS MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 401 00:24:57,171 --> 00:25:00,021 We saw it taking form with the Crusades 402 00:25:00,040 --> 00:25:03,080 when the Christian kingdoms of Northern Spain, 403 00:25:03,100 --> 00:25:05,040 together with the church leadership 404 00:25:05,060 --> 00:25:07,021 and other European monarchies, 405 00:25:07,040 --> 00:25:10,080 decided to take over Muslim-controlled trade routes 406 00:25:10,100 --> 00:25:11,171 to the Far East. 407 00:25:13,140 --> 00:25:16,211 ♪ ("SYMPHONY NO.3" BY GUSTAV MAHLER PLAYING) ♪ 408 00:25:16,231 --> 00:25:21,030 ♪ (SINGING IN GERMAN) ♪ 409 00:25:28,231 --> 00:25:30,090 ♪ (MUSIC FADES) ♪ 410 00:25:30,110 --> 00:25:32,171 RAOUL: The ultimate goal of the church 411 00:25:32,191 --> 00:25:34,070 and the European rulers 412 00:25:34,090 --> 00:25:38,080 was never just about winning souls to Christianity. 413 00:25:38,100 --> 00:25:40,201 It was also about gaining wealth and power 414 00:25:40,221 --> 00:25:42,161 through annihilation. 415 00:25:42,181 --> 00:25:45,050 (BELLS TOLLING) 416 00:25:46,201 --> 00:25:49,090 RAOUL: In 1478, the pope approved 417 00:25:49,110 --> 00:25:52,030 the establishment of the Spanish Inquisition, 418 00:25:52,050 --> 00:25:55,120 which had to investigate the cleanliness of blood 419 00:25:55,140 --> 00:25:57,120 of Moorish and Jewish converts. 420 00:25:59,060 --> 00:26:02,040 Clean blood was Christian European. 421 00:26:02,060 --> 00:26:05,211 Unclean blood was savage, non-Christian. 422 00:26:06,191 --> 00:26:07,241 This is the origin 423 00:26:08,021 --> 00:26:10,151 of the ideology of white supremacy. 424 00:26:13,140 --> 00:26:15,090 For the first time in the world, 425 00:26:15,110 --> 00:26:18,080 the concept of race based on blood 426 00:26:18,100 --> 00:26:19,241 was used as law. 427 00:26:20,140 --> 00:26:22,201 (BIRDS SINGING) 428 00:26:24,221 --> 00:26:28,070 White supremacy made it possible for Europeans 429 00:26:28,090 --> 00:26:29,221 to think it was acceptable 430 00:26:29,241 --> 00:26:33,080 to enslave or exterminate other peoples. 431 00:26:34,161 --> 00:26:39,201 That led to the mass deportation of Jews from Spain in 1492, 432 00:26:39,221 --> 00:26:43,080 and Muslims in the following decades. 433 00:26:43,100 --> 00:26:45,211 It happened with the forced deportation 434 00:26:45,231 --> 00:26:47,241 of more than ten million Africans 435 00:26:48,021 --> 00:26:49,241 from the human motherland. 436 00:26:50,191 --> 00:26:52,161 It happened to Native peoples 437 00:26:52,181 --> 00:26:56,161 in what came to be called the United States of America. 438 00:26:56,181 --> 00:27:01,040 And again, in the 20th century, without any contrition, 439 00:27:01,060 --> 00:27:03,151 it happened during the Holocaust. 440 00:27:03,171 --> 00:27:08,120 (TRAIN CHUGGING, WHISTLING) 441 00:27:15,231 --> 00:27:18,090 RAOUL: The road to Auschwitz was paved 442 00:27:18,110 --> 00:27:20,241 in the earliest days of Christendom. 443 00:27:21,171 --> 00:27:23,231 And this road also leads 444 00:27:23,251 --> 00:27:26,040 straight to the heart of America. 445 00:27:31,171 --> 00:27:34,021 ♪ (DRUMS BEATING) ♪ 446 00:27:37,201 --> 00:27:40,060 ♪ (FANFARE) ♪ 447 00:27:43,241 --> 00:27:46,060 ♪ (MUSIC CONTINUES DISTANTLY) ♪ 448 00:27:56,201 --> 00:28:00,100 (CROWD CHEERING) 449 00:28:08,151 --> 00:28:10,090 (CHEERING CONTINUES) 450 00:28:17,161 --> 00:28:23,140 (IN GERMAN) 451 00:28:24,050 --> 00:28:26,130 (GUNSHOTS) 452 00:28:26,151 --> 00:28:28,070 ♪ (SOMBER MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 453 00:28:28,090 --> 00:28:29,201 (GUNSHOT) 454 00:28:36,021 --> 00:28:37,211 RAOUL: (IN ENGLISH) The Germans have been made 455 00:28:37,231 --> 00:28:40,211 the sole scapegoats for ideas of extermination 456 00:28:40,231 --> 00:28:43,211 that are actually a common European heritage. 457 00:28:46,070 --> 00:28:48,231 There was a discussion in Germany in the '70s 458 00:28:48,251 --> 00:28:50,050 over the question, 459 00:28:50,070 --> 00:28:54,100 "Is the Nazi extermination of the Jews unique or not?" 460 00:28:58,050 --> 00:29:00,161 All historical events are unique 461 00:29:00,181 --> 00:29:03,050 and not copies of each other. 462 00:29:03,070 --> 00:29:05,120 But they can be compared. 463 00:29:05,140 --> 00:29:07,181 There are similarities and differences 464 00:29:07,201 --> 00:29:09,231 between the extermination of the Jews 465 00:29:09,251 --> 00:29:11,191 and other mass murders. 466 00:29:12,231 --> 00:29:15,181 ♪ (SOMBER MUSIC CONTINUES) ♪ 467 00:29:21,080 --> 00:29:23,161 I have seen these images before. 468 00:29:25,030 --> 00:29:27,140 They are always the same. 469 00:29:27,161 --> 00:29:31,221 Everywhere, in ancient and modern times. 470 00:29:31,241 --> 00:29:34,171 The ridicule of their display. 471 00:29:34,191 --> 00:29:38,140 It is their banality that gets me every time. 472 00:29:41,251 --> 00:29:44,181 ♪ (OMINOUS MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 473 00:29:53,171 --> 00:29:55,151 ♪ (MUSIC FADES) ♪ 474 00:29:55,171 --> 00:29:59,120 (SPEAKING GERMAN) 475 00:30:04,181 --> 00:30:07,080 (CROWD CHEERS) 476 00:30:09,070 --> 00:30:11,060 (BIRDS SINGING) 477 00:30:13,021 --> 00:30:14,151 RAOUL: (IN ENGLISH) No one points out 478 00:30:14,171 --> 00:30:16,100 that during Hitler's childhood, 479 00:30:16,120 --> 00:30:19,151 a major element in the European view of mankind 480 00:30:19,171 --> 00:30:22,120 was the conviction that inferior races 481 00:30:22,140 --> 00:30:25,181 were by nature condemned to extinction. 482 00:30:25,201 --> 00:30:28,070 ♪ (SOMBER MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 483 00:30:28,090 --> 00:30:32,151 The truly charitable attitude of the superior races 484 00:30:32,171 --> 00:30:35,070 consisted in helping them on their way. 485 00:30:35,090 --> 00:30:38,050 (THUNDER RUMBLES) 486 00:30:38,070 --> 00:30:41,181 All German historians participating in this debate 487 00:30:41,201 --> 00:30:44,120 seemed to look in the same direction. 488 00:30:45,151 --> 00:30:47,080 None looks to the West. 489 00:30:48,060 --> 00:30:49,161 But Hitler did. 490 00:30:50,100 --> 00:30:53,030 He had found his models. 491 00:30:53,050 --> 00:30:55,070 ♪ ("DREAMLAND" BY BOB MARLEY and THE WAILERS PLAYING) ♪ 492 00:30:55,090 --> 00:30:59,211 (SINGING) ♪ There's a land That I have heard about ♪ 493 00:30:59,231 --> 00:31:05,070 ♪ So far across the sea ♪ 494 00:31:05,090 --> 00:31:11,211 ♪ There's a land That I have heard about ♪ 495 00:31:11,231 --> 00:31:17,191 ♪ So far across the sea ♪ 496 00:31:19,231 --> 00:31:25,251 ♪ To have you all My dreamland ♪ 497 00:31:26,030 --> 00:31:30,251 ♪ Would be like heaven to me ♪ 498 00:31:32,080 --> 00:31:37,070 ♪ To have you all My dreamland... ♪ 499 00:31:37,090 --> 00:31:41,100 RAOUL: Of course, one man alone did not singlehandedly engineer 500 00:31:41,120 --> 00:31:44,251 the killing of more than six million Jews. 501 00:31:45,030 --> 00:31:47,060 Hundreds of thousands of enablers 502 00:31:47,080 --> 00:31:50,040 were also there to plan, execute, 503 00:31:50,060 --> 00:31:52,130 or to simply profit from it. 504 00:31:52,151 --> 00:31:55,211 ♪ (TENSE MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 505 00:31:57,231 --> 00:32:01,201 RAOUL: Renowned industrialist Henry Ford gave the Nazi party 506 00:32:01,221 --> 00:32:05,181 all the profit from cars sold in Germany. 507 00:32:05,201 --> 00:32:09,161 And every year, an additional 350,000 dollars 508 00:32:09,181 --> 00:32:12,030 was allocated for Hitler's birthday. 509 00:32:12,050 --> 00:32:13,070 Heil! 510 00:32:13,090 --> 00:32:15,241 RAOUL: While millions of others committed themselves 511 00:32:16,021 --> 00:32:17,211 to remaining silent. 512 00:32:17,231 --> 00:32:20,151 (CROWD CLAMORING) 513 00:32:21,040 --> 00:32:27,211 FRITZ JULIUS KUHN: 514 00:32:39,241 --> 00:32:42,171 (CHEERING AND APPLAUSE) 515 00:32:44,140 --> 00:32:47,050 (INDISTINCT SHOUTING) 516 00:32:47,070 --> 00:32:48,181 FRITZ: Wait, wait. 517 00:32:51,201 --> 00:32:56,040 (CROWD CHATTERING IN GERMAN) 518 00:33:00,110 --> 00:33:02,030 (WOMEN LAUGHING) 519 00:33:02,050 --> 00:33:06,021 RAOUL: (IN ENGLISH) The essence of this story is fragile. 520 00:33:06,040 --> 00:33:10,070 It requires renunciation of all prejudices. 521 00:33:10,090 --> 00:33:13,110 Modesty and humility are needed here. 522 00:33:14,241 --> 00:33:17,080 (INDISTINCT CHATTER) 523 00:33:19,161 --> 00:33:21,221 ♪ (SOMBER MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 524 00:33:37,181 --> 00:33:40,161 RAOUL: Why do I bring myself into this story? 525 00:33:40,181 --> 00:33:42,110 Where do I fit in it? 526 00:33:44,040 --> 00:33:45,110 As a filmmaker, 527 00:33:45,130 --> 00:33:48,191 I am compelled to stay hidden in the background. 528 00:33:48,211 --> 00:33:52,050 Restrained, moderate, balanced, 529 00:33:52,070 --> 00:33:55,221 judicious, neutral even. 530 00:33:55,241 --> 00:33:59,161 You learn to avoid becoming the subject of your film. 531 00:34:00,110 --> 00:34:02,021 It's not about you. 532 00:34:02,040 --> 00:34:05,060 Unless the story is bigger than you. 533 00:34:05,080 --> 00:34:08,171 -(WIND WHISTLING) -(METAL CREAKING) 534 00:34:08,191 --> 00:34:11,231 In that case, you go for broke. 535 00:34:11,251 --> 00:34:14,100 Neutrality is not an option. 536 00:34:14,120 --> 00:34:17,160 And those who seek history with an upbeat ending, 537 00:34:17,180 --> 00:34:23,060 redemption, or reconciliation, may search in vain. 538 00:34:23,080 --> 00:34:26,060 Such a conclusion cannot be expected. 539 00:34:33,131 --> 00:34:35,080 In the late 15th century, 540 00:34:35,100 --> 00:34:38,080 Europeans started to colonize the New World. 541 00:34:38,100 --> 00:34:39,220 (WOOD CREAKING) 542 00:34:39,240 --> 00:34:42,211 RAOUL: Crossing the Atlantic, Columbus, an Italian, 543 00:34:42,231 --> 00:34:46,180 landed on an Island that he claimed for Spain. 544 00:34:46,200 --> 00:34:50,151 In 1497, John Cabot, also an Italian, 545 00:34:50,171 --> 00:34:54,021 claimed another territory for the king of England. 546 00:34:54,040 --> 00:34:58,071 In 1500, Pedro Álvares Cabral, a Portuguese, 547 00:34:58,091 --> 00:35:01,180 serving his own king, reached Brazil. 548 00:35:01,200 --> 00:35:05,031 Vasco Núñez de Balboa crossed through a piece of land 549 00:35:05,051 --> 00:35:08,140 to find the Pacific. He claimed it for Spain. 550 00:35:08,160 --> 00:35:10,251 Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese, 551 00:35:11,031 --> 00:35:12,200 also did the same for Spain 552 00:35:12,220 --> 00:35:15,080 and died on his way around the world. 553 00:35:16,180 --> 00:35:19,031 The Italian Giovanni da Verrazzano 554 00:35:19,051 --> 00:35:21,120 followed the coastline of North America 555 00:35:21,140 --> 00:35:22,211 for the king of France, 556 00:35:22,231 --> 00:35:25,251 and got a bridge named after him in New York. 557 00:35:26,031 --> 00:35:28,031 (SEAGULLS SQUAWKING) 558 00:35:28,051 --> 00:35:30,140 RAOUL: In 1534, Jacques Cartier 559 00:35:30,160 --> 00:35:34,091 claimed another piece for France and named it "Canada." 560 00:35:35,171 --> 00:35:38,111 A few years before, Amerigo Vespucci, 561 00:35:38,131 --> 00:35:42,251 an Italian sailing for Portugal, had proved Columbus wrong again, 562 00:35:43,031 --> 00:35:45,151 in that he had not reached the West Indies, 563 00:35:45,171 --> 00:35:48,120 but what he would then call "the New World." 564 00:35:49,131 --> 00:35:52,060 As a result, a German cartographer, 565 00:35:52,080 --> 00:35:54,071 Martin Waldseemüller, 566 00:35:54,091 --> 00:35:57,251 gave the name America to the whole continent. 567 00:35:58,220 --> 00:36:01,060 (HORSE NEIGHING) 568 00:36:02,231 --> 00:36:04,021 From the beginning, 569 00:36:04,040 --> 00:36:06,040 the extension of the United States 570 00:36:06,060 --> 00:36:07,151 from sea to shining sea 571 00:36:07,171 --> 00:36:11,111 was the intention and design of the country's founders. 572 00:36:12,111 --> 00:36:14,071 Free land was the magnet 573 00:36:14,091 --> 00:36:16,211 that attracted European settlers. 574 00:36:17,200 --> 00:36:20,111 This particular form of colonialism 575 00:36:20,131 --> 00:36:23,191 is called settler colonialism. 576 00:36:23,211 --> 00:36:27,071 But as a system, it requires violence. 577 00:36:27,091 --> 00:36:30,040 It requires the elimination of the Natives 578 00:36:30,060 --> 00:36:33,111 and their replacement by European settlers. 579 00:36:33,131 --> 00:36:35,231 ♪ (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 580 00:36:53,191 --> 00:36:57,100 (RUMBLING) 581 00:37:46,031 --> 00:37:47,091 ♪ (MUSIC FADES) ♪ 582 00:37:47,111 --> 00:37:49,040 RAOUL: The charge of genocide, 583 00:37:49,060 --> 00:37:51,040 when applied to the United States, 584 00:37:51,060 --> 00:37:54,251 has been unacceptable for a very long time. 585 00:37:55,031 --> 00:37:58,021 But the evidence leaves no other choice today. 586 00:38:01,120 --> 00:38:02,211 From the first settlements 587 00:38:02,231 --> 00:38:05,031 to the founding of the United States, 588 00:38:05,051 --> 00:38:08,171 and continuing into the 21st century, 589 00:38:08,191 --> 00:38:11,171 the elimination of the Native is consciously, 590 00:38:11,191 --> 00:38:15,231 or unconsciously, wired into the process. 591 00:38:15,251 --> 00:38:19,051 ♪ (SOMBER MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 592 00:38:39,120 --> 00:38:41,021 RAOUL: This is a story, 593 00:38:41,040 --> 00:38:44,060 not a contribution to historical research. 594 00:38:44,080 --> 00:38:48,080 ♪ (SOMBER MUSIC CONTINUES) ♪ 595 00:39:12,021 --> 00:39:14,151 ♪ (MUSIC FADES) ♪ 596 00:39:14,171 --> 00:39:17,040 RAOUL: The nature of this historical process 597 00:39:17,060 --> 00:39:18,200 is still blurred by the notion 598 00:39:18,220 --> 00:39:20,191 that violence was committed equally 599 00:39:20,211 --> 00:39:22,231 by the colonized and the colonizer. 600 00:39:22,251 --> 00:39:24,191 ♪ ("AMERICAN DREAM" BY J.S. ONDARA PLAYING) ♪ 601 00:39:24,211 --> 00:39:29,060 (SINGING) ♪ It was just An American dream ♪ 602 00:39:29,080 --> 00:39:34,120 ♪ It was just An American dream ♪ 603 00:39:35,160 --> 00:39:37,021 ♪ Hey ♪ 604 00:39:37,211 --> 00:39:39,140 ♪ Hey ♪ 605 00:39:42,191 --> 00:39:46,251 ♪ It was just An American dream ♪ 606 00:39:47,031 --> 00:39:52,151 ♪ It was just An American dream ♪ 607 00:39:53,111 --> 00:39:54,240 ♪ Hey ♪ 608 00:39:55,151 --> 00:39:57,131 ♪ Hey... ♪ 609 00:39:57,151 --> 00:40:00,040 RAOUL: But people do not hand over their land, 610 00:40:00,060 --> 00:40:02,091 their resources, their children, 611 00:40:02,111 --> 00:40:04,180 and their futures, without a fight. 612 00:40:05,180 --> 00:40:09,191 And that fight is always met with violence. 613 00:40:09,211 --> 00:40:11,211 (SINGING) ♪ Well, the gold And the silver... ♪ 614 00:40:11,231 --> 00:40:15,091 RAOUL: In U.S. history, everything is about the land. 615 00:40:15,111 --> 00:40:19,211 Who oversaw and cultivated it, who fished its waters, 616 00:40:19,231 --> 00:40:21,200 maintained its wildlife, 617 00:40:22,120 --> 00:40:24,111 who invaded and stole it. 618 00:40:25,211 --> 00:40:28,180 It's about how the land became a commodity, 619 00:40:28,200 --> 00:40:31,120 "real estate," broken into pieces 620 00:40:31,140 --> 00:40:33,231 to be bought and sold on the market. 621 00:40:37,240 --> 00:40:42,080 ♪ It was just An American dream ♪ 622 00:40:42,100 --> 00:40:47,231 ♪ It was just An American dream ♪ 623 00:40:48,140 --> 00:40:49,251 ♪ Hey ♪ 624 00:40:50,191 --> 00:40:52,051 ♪ Hey ♪ 625 00:40:55,220 --> 00:40:57,091 ♪ It was just... ♪ 626 00:40:57,111 --> 00:40:59,100 RAOUL: It is about how African bodies 627 00:40:59,120 --> 00:41:02,211 became properties and source of labor, 628 00:41:02,231 --> 00:41:06,160 and how poor white settlers embraced white supremacy 629 00:41:06,180 --> 00:41:09,031 as a substitute for land and slaves. 630 00:41:11,080 --> 00:41:14,151 The poet William Carlos Williams wrote, 631 00:41:14,171 --> 00:41:16,240 "The land! Don't you feel it? 632 00:41:17,021 --> 00:41:19,040 Doesn't it make you want to go out 633 00:41:19,060 --> 00:41:22,151 and lift dead Indians tenderly from their graves 634 00:41:22,171 --> 00:41:24,240 to steal from them some authenticity, 635 00:41:25,021 --> 00:41:28,060 as if it must be clinging even to their corpses." 636 00:41:30,231 --> 00:41:34,191 Without the unpaid forced labor of enslaved Africans, 637 00:41:34,211 --> 00:41:38,240 a farmer growing cash crops could not compete on the market. 638 00:41:41,151 --> 00:41:43,111 Once in the hands of settlers, 639 00:41:43,131 --> 00:41:46,251 the land itself was no longer sacred or collective, 640 00:41:47,031 --> 00:41:49,100 as it had been for the Indigenous people. 641 00:41:50,051 --> 00:41:51,251 It became private property. 642 00:41:52,031 --> 00:41:54,160 A commodity to be acquired and sold, 643 00:41:54,180 --> 00:41:58,071 every man a possible king, or at least wealthy. 644 00:41:59,231 --> 00:42:03,180 Most of the founders were also real estate men. 645 00:42:03,200 --> 00:42:05,131 George Washington made his fortune 646 00:42:05,151 --> 00:42:07,111 off land speculation. 647 00:42:07,131 --> 00:42:08,200 Indian land. 648 00:42:10,051 --> 00:42:13,180 And then, "the land" came to mean the country, 649 00:42:13,200 --> 00:42:16,080 the flag, the military, 650 00:42:16,100 --> 00:42:19,220 as in "the land of the free" from the national anthem. 651 00:42:21,051 --> 00:42:23,171 Those who died fighting in foreign wars 652 00:42:23,191 --> 00:42:26,021 were said to have sacrificed their lives 653 00:42:26,040 --> 00:42:28,031 to protect "this land" 654 00:42:28,051 --> 00:42:31,211 that the old settlers have spilled blood to acquire. 655 00:42:31,231 --> 00:42:34,240 But the blood spilled was Indigenous blood. 656 00:42:35,021 --> 00:42:38,071 ♪ (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 657 00:42:46,160 --> 00:42:49,140 RAOUL: This is Sven again. 658 00:42:49,160 --> 00:42:52,191 He reminds me of these old-time adventurers 659 00:42:52,211 --> 00:42:55,031 who explore the human species, 660 00:42:55,051 --> 00:42:58,100 whatever difficulties and danger it involves, 661 00:42:58,120 --> 00:43:01,071 whatever faraway travels it requires. 662 00:43:02,060 --> 00:43:04,131 Definitely not a white savior. 663 00:43:06,071 --> 00:43:09,160 On the contrary, he is one of these few Europeans 664 00:43:09,180 --> 00:43:12,060 who dare see the beast for what it is. 665 00:43:13,100 --> 00:43:15,040 Sven is a witness. 666 00:43:15,220 --> 00:43:17,171 Sven traveled the world. 667 00:43:19,111 --> 00:43:21,100 Sven told me stories, 668 00:43:21,120 --> 00:43:24,060 some of which I already knew. 669 00:43:24,080 --> 00:43:28,071 He told me about this world, about his world, 670 00:43:28,091 --> 00:43:29,211 without cynicism, 671 00:43:29,231 --> 00:43:33,160 which would not be inconceivable at this stage of the story. 672 00:43:34,140 --> 00:43:36,091 For Sven saw my world, 673 00:43:36,111 --> 00:43:37,200 lived in it, 674 00:43:37,220 --> 00:43:39,200 as I lived in his. 675 00:43:39,220 --> 00:43:44,040 And he wrote about it, making it palpable. 676 00:43:44,060 --> 00:43:46,251 And when he delved into the horror, 677 00:43:47,031 --> 00:43:50,091 I knew what he meant and what he went through. 678 00:43:51,040 --> 00:43:52,191 I could trust him. 679 00:43:52,211 --> 00:43:56,151 Our distinctive skin colors never were an obstacle. 680 00:43:56,171 --> 00:43:59,031 And that is the way it should be. 681 00:43:59,051 --> 00:44:02,120 ♪ (DRAMATIC MUSIC CONTINUES) ♪ 682 00:44:19,040 --> 00:44:21,060 ♪ (MUSIC FADES) ♪ 683 00:44:21,080 --> 00:44:24,060 (BIRDS CHIRPING) 684 00:44:24,080 --> 00:44:27,231 ♪ ("TWO ON A BIKE" BY GORDON JENKINS PLAYING) ♪ 685 00:44:29,120 --> 00:44:30,151 (BICYCLE BELL RINGS) 686 00:44:30,171 --> 00:44:33,180 (SINGING) ♪ Merrily, merrily We roll along ♪ 687 00:44:33,200 --> 00:44:36,171 ♪ Lovers on bicycle wheels ♪ 688 00:44:36,191 --> 00:44:39,231 ♪ Merrily, merrily We roll along ♪ 689 00:44:39,251 --> 00:44:42,031 ♪ Who needs automobiles... ♪ 690 00:44:42,160 --> 00:44:44,040 RAOUL: In 1887, 691 00:44:44,060 --> 00:44:46,160 the Scottish surgeon J.B. Dunlop 692 00:44:46,180 --> 00:44:50,051 hit upon the idea of equipping his young son's bicycle 693 00:44:50,071 --> 00:44:53,040 with an inflatable rubber tube. 694 00:44:53,060 --> 00:44:56,191 The bicycle tire was patented in 1888. 695 00:44:56,211 --> 00:44:58,051 ♪ (OMINOUS MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 696 00:44:58,071 --> 00:45:00,131 Four years earlier, the Europeans 697 00:45:00,151 --> 00:45:02,211 and the United States had decided 698 00:45:02,231 --> 00:45:04,131 that it was necessary to regulate 699 00:45:04,151 --> 00:45:07,131 the thriving exploitation of the African continent 700 00:45:07,151 --> 00:45:09,211 other than by whoever got there first, 701 00:45:09,231 --> 00:45:12,251 was the boldest, or the most murderous. 702 00:45:13,031 --> 00:45:15,251 A situation that was naturally detrimental 703 00:45:16,031 --> 00:45:18,151 to any respectable business environment. 704 00:45:21,120 --> 00:45:23,131 They convened the Congo Conference 705 00:45:23,151 --> 00:45:25,231 to arbitrate the looting. 706 00:45:25,251 --> 00:45:29,091 The main outcome, of this "gentlemen's agreement" 707 00:45:29,111 --> 00:45:31,091 was the definitive elimination 708 00:45:31,111 --> 00:45:34,211 of most existing forms of African autonomy 709 00:45:34,231 --> 00:45:36,120 and self-governance. 710 00:45:44,071 --> 00:45:45,120 At the conference, 711 00:45:45,140 --> 00:45:47,180 Belgium's king, Leopold II, 712 00:45:47,200 --> 00:45:49,231 managed to secure the whole Congo 713 00:45:49,251 --> 00:45:51,211 as his private property. 714 00:45:51,231 --> 00:45:55,040 A territory 80 times bigger than Belgium. 715 00:45:55,060 --> 00:45:57,091 Basically, twice the surface area 716 00:45:57,111 --> 00:45:59,120 of Texas and California combined. 717 00:46:06,200 --> 00:46:08,140 During the years that followed, 718 00:46:08,160 --> 00:46:10,220 demand for rubber exploded. 719 00:46:10,240 --> 00:46:13,251 This would carry incalculable consequences 720 00:46:14,031 --> 00:46:15,211 for the villages in Congo. 721 00:46:18,160 --> 00:46:22,091 The king instituted a monopoly on rubber and ivory 722 00:46:22,111 --> 00:46:25,031 and ordered all natives to supply labor 723 00:46:25,051 --> 00:46:26,231 and products without payment. 724 00:46:28,131 --> 00:46:31,231 Those who refused had their villages burned down, 725 00:46:31,251 --> 00:46:35,111 their children murdered, and their hands cut off. 726 00:46:36,091 --> 00:46:38,080 ♪ (OMINOUS MUSIC CONTINUES) ♪ 727 00:46:40,111 --> 00:46:41,231 (TRAM BELL RINGING) 728 00:46:41,251 --> 00:46:46,160 Such methods led to a dramatic increase in profitability, 729 00:46:46,180 --> 00:46:50,120 profits which helped in building, among other things, 730 00:46:50,140 --> 00:46:51,231 impressive monuments 731 00:46:51,251 --> 00:46:54,131 that still decorate Brussels today. 732 00:46:59,120 --> 00:47:01,140 (BIRDS SINGING) 733 00:47:02,160 --> 00:47:06,031 RAOUL: Monuments paid for with amputated hands. 734 00:47:15,040 --> 00:47:17,021 ♪ (MUSIC FADES) ♪ 735 00:47:18,051 --> 00:47:21,160 ♪ (CONGREGATION SINGING) ♪ 736 00:47:27,120 --> 00:47:29,071 ♪ Kyrie ♪ 737 00:47:30,151 --> 00:47:35,080 -♪ Kyrie eleison ♪ -♪ Kyrie ♪ 738 00:47:35,100 --> 00:47:36,200 ♪ Kyrie ♪ 739 00:47:36,220 --> 00:47:39,231 -♪ Kyrie ♪ -♪ Kyrie eleison ♪ 740 00:47:39,251 --> 00:47:41,231 ♪ Kyrie ♪ 741 00:47:41,251 --> 00:47:46,220 -♪ Kyrie ♪ -♪ Kyrie eleison ♪ 742 00:47:48,131 --> 00:47:50,171 "I bring you clarity," 743 00:47:52,031 --> 00:47:53,171 said the prophet, 744 00:47:53,191 --> 00:47:55,220 "that you may understand 745 00:47:56,131 --> 00:47:58,171 the world around you." 746 00:47:59,231 --> 00:48:01,051 God tells us 747 00:48:01,231 --> 00:48:05,051 that real life is after death. 748 00:48:06,060 --> 00:48:08,180 The more we suffer, the more you are granted 749 00:48:09,160 --> 00:48:12,031 with joys in Heaven. 750 00:48:16,200 --> 00:48:19,021 Can't this wait until the end of my service? 751 00:48:19,211 --> 00:48:21,091 Rubber doesn't wait! 752 00:48:22,151 --> 00:48:23,151 (GRUNTS) 753 00:48:28,160 --> 00:48:30,131 (PANTING) 754 00:48:32,211 --> 00:48:34,120 Where's my rubber? 755 00:48:34,140 --> 00:48:36,060 That's all I got today. 756 00:48:36,080 --> 00:48:37,151 And why is that? 757 00:48:37,171 --> 00:48:40,091 The trees have dried out. 758 00:48:46,211 --> 00:48:47,211 You. 759 00:48:52,160 --> 00:48:54,051 Get the basket. 760 00:48:54,240 --> 00:48:56,180 (COUGHS) 761 00:49:01,200 --> 00:49:04,031 (FLIES BUZZING) 762 00:49:05,231 --> 00:49:08,051 No, stay, stay. 763 00:49:08,071 --> 00:49:11,151 Please, please don't do that. Please, please don't do that. 764 00:49:11,171 --> 00:49:13,191 (SOBS) 765 00:49:20,231 --> 00:49:21,231 (GUNSHOT) 766 00:49:30,051 --> 00:49:31,240 (GRUNTS, COUGHS) 767 00:49:38,051 --> 00:49:41,080 (THUNDER RUMBLING) 768 00:49:45,180 --> 00:49:46,211 (GRUNTS) 769 00:50:27,051 --> 00:50:29,100 (BIRDS CALLING) 770 00:50:33,251 --> 00:50:36,191 RAOUL: The Congo adventure was pure looting, 771 00:50:36,211 --> 00:50:39,120 Leopold II running the numbers. 772 00:50:39,140 --> 00:50:42,220 Plundering bodies, plundering resources. 773 00:50:43,211 --> 00:50:46,091 The draining of a whole continent. 774 00:50:46,111 --> 00:50:48,140 A multi-billion-dollar heist. 775 00:50:50,071 --> 00:50:52,111 (TRAIN WHISTLES) 776 00:50:55,151 --> 00:50:58,111 RAOUL: Ten years after the creation of the Congo state, 777 00:50:58,131 --> 00:51:02,100 the writer Joseph Conrad sent his first short story, 778 00:51:02,120 --> 00:51:05,220 "An Outpost of Progress," to Cosmopolis magazine. 779 00:51:07,060 --> 00:51:09,200 He, too, had gone up the Congo River 780 00:51:09,220 --> 00:51:12,051 on one of the company's steamers. 781 00:51:12,071 --> 00:51:14,200 He, too, had seen the trading post 782 00:51:14,220 --> 00:51:17,111 and listened to the passengers' stories. 783 00:51:20,051 --> 00:51:22,071 The story is simple. 784 00:51:22,091 --> 00:51:25,021 Two Europeans, Kayerts and Carlier, 785 00:51:25,040 --> 00:51:26,091 are sent to a trading post 786 00:51:26,111 --> 00:51:28,171 on the banks of the great Congo River. 787 00:51:29,191 --> 00:51:32,060 ♪ (FLUTE MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 788 00:51:32,080 --> 00:51:35,071 Apart from collecting ivory from the locals, 789 00:51:35,091 --> 00:51:36,171 they don't have much to do 790 00:51:36,191 --> 00:51:39,140 and have plenty of time to get bored. 791 00:51:39,160 --> 00:51:43,051 Their only reading material is a yellowed newspaper 792 00:51:43,071 --> 00:51:47,051 that praises colonial expansion as sacred work 793 00:51:47,071 --> 00:51:49,071 in the service of civilization. 794 00:51:50,131 --> 00:51:54,120 At first, the two companions believe these fine words. 795 00:51:54,140 --> 00:51:57,180 But gradually, they discover that such words 796 00:51:57,200 --> 00:51:59,131 are nothing but "sounds," 797 00:51:59,151 --> 00:52:02,131 sounds that lack content outside the society 798 00:52:02,151 --> 00:52:03,231 that created them. 799 00:52:05,031 --> 00:52:09,031 Concepts such as "virtue," "crime," or "morality" 800 00:52:09,051 --> 00:52:11,120 are nothing but sounds. 801 00:52:11,140 --> 00:52:15,191 Soon, Kayerts and Carlier feel that no one is watching them. 802 00:52:16,200 --> 00:52:18,080 One day, they argue. 803 00:52:19,231 --> 00:52:21,080 (GROANING) 804 00:52:22,151 --> 00:52:23,151 (GUNSHOT) 805 00:52:25,171 --> 00:52:28,100 RAOUL: Kayerts shoots Carlier in self-defense 806 00:52:28,120 --> 00:52:30,100 and does not realize until later 807 00:52:30,120 --> 00:52:34,091 that in his panic, he has killed an unarmed man. 808 00:52:35,120 --> 00:52:38,060 As he sits by the body of his companion, 809 00:52:38,080 --> 00:52:41,040 Kayerts, for the first time, really thinks. 810 00:52:42,200 --> 00:52:44,140 Like the rest of mankind, 811 00:52:44,160 --> 00:52:47,071 he has gone around believing a lot of nonsense. 812 00:52:49,040 --> 00:52:51,191 Left alone with their own weaknesses, 813 00:52:51,211 --> 00:52:56,131 far from any public opinion, from any exterior gaze, 814 00:52:56,151 --> 00:53:00,111 any human being is likely to indulge in the worst. 815 00:53:01,160 --> 00:53:03,151 (ENGINE RUMBLING) 816 00:53:05,060 --> 00:53:07,151 ♪ (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 817 00:53:07,171 --> 00:53:09,240 RAOUL: Conrad and Wells knew about each other 818 00:53:10,021 --> 00:53:13,031 when the latter wrote The Time Machine in 1895. 819 00:53:15,191 --> 00:53:19,040 Hatred and fear seize the time traveler. 820 00:53:19,060 --> 00:53:21,180 He longs to kill Morlocks. 821 00:53:21,200 --> 00:53:24,140 He wants to go straight into the darkness, 822 00:53:24,160 --> 00:53:26,051 "to kill the brutes." 823 00:53:26,251 --> 00:53:29,071 The time traveler falls asleep 824 00:53:29,091 --> 00:53:31,220 as he sits there in the darkness, 825 00:53:31,240 --> 00:53:35,160 and when he wakes, the Morlocks are onto him, 826 00:53:35,180 --> 00:53:37,100 soft and repugnant. 827 00:53:38,180 --> 00:53:40,231 He shakes the "human rats " off him... 828 00:53:40,251 --> 00:53:43,211 -(SCREECHES) -...and starts striking out. 829 00:53:43,231 --> 00:53:46,180 He enjoys the feeling of a swishing iron pipe 830 00:53:46,200 --> 00:53:50,111 smashing into juicy flesh and crushing bones. 831 00:53:52,111 --> 00:53:57,040 This killing in Wells is both horrific and voluptuous. 832 00:53:59,140 --> 00:54:03,080 Wells's next book, which we know Conrad also read, 833 00:54:03,100 --> 00:54:05,171 was called The Island of Dr. Moreau. 834 00:54:05,191 --> 00:54:07,120 (CREATURE SCREECHING) 835 00:54:07,140 --> 00:54:10,040 RAOUL: Dr. Moreau uses his surgical skill 836 00:54:10,060 --> 00:54:13,200 to create a kind of human being out of animals. 837 00:54:13,220 --> 00:54:15,211 The first of them all to shed tears. 838 00:54:16,220 --> 00:54:18,220 (SOBS) 839 00:54:18,240 --> 00:54:20,031 She is human! 840 00:54:20,160 --> 00:54:21,160 I'm not beaten! 841 00:54:22,180 --> 00:54:24,071 (LAUGHS) 842 00:54:26,091 --> 00:54:29,060 -Get everything ready. -For what? 843 00:54:29,080 --> 00:54:31,180 This time, I'll burn out all the animal in her! 844 00:54:31,200 --> 00:54:33,180 (SCREAMING) No! 845 00:54:33,200 --> 00:54:35,251 DR. MOREAU: I'll make her completely human! 846 00:54:36,031 --> 00:54:37,211 No, no! No! 847 00:54:37,231 --> 00:54:39,191 RAOUL: Dr. Moreau has created 848 00:54:39,211 --> 00:54:41,211 one hundred and twenty creatures, 849 00:54:41,231 --> 00:54:44,251 but he has not succeeded in creating a real human being. 850 00:54:46,220 --> 00:54:50,231 The Island of Dr. Moreau is the story of colonialism. 851 00:54:50,251 --> 00:54:53,251 Just as the colonizer civilizes the lower, 852 00:54:54,031 --> 00:54:56,180 more animal races with the whip, 853 00:54:56,200 --> 00:55:00,151 Dr. Moreau civilizes the animals with torture, 854 00:55:00,171 --> 00:55:04,100 maximizing the pain in order to hasten evolution. 855 00:55:04,120 --> 00:55:06,231 -♪ (SOMBER MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ -(LION GROWLING) 856 00:55:06,251 --> 00:55:09,111 RAOUL: Just as the colonizer tries to create 857 00:55:09,131 --> 00:55:12,191 a new kind of creature, the civilized savage, 858 00:55:12,211 --> 00:55:16,131 Dr. Moreau tries to create the humanized animal. 859 00:55:20,151 --> 00:55:24,100 Do you know what it means to feel like God? 860 00:55:25,140 --> 00:55:28,191 RAOUL: In both cases, the means is terror. 861 00:55:28,211 --> 00:55:32,120 ♪ ("RIDE OF THE VALKYRIES" BY RICHARD WAGNER PLAYING) ♪ 862 00:55:33,200 --> 00:55:36,140 RAOUL: Francis Ford Coppola's Apocalypse Now 863 00:55:36,160 --> 00:55:38,171 is based on Heart of Darkness. 864 00:55:40,140 --> 00:55:43,051 In it and in all the real wars, 865 00:55:43,071 --> 00:55:45,100 the men representing civilization 866 00:55:45,120 --> 00:55:48,060 out in the colonies were "invisible," 867 00:55:48,211 --> 00:55:50,040 not only in the sense 868 00:55:50,060 --> 00:55:52,120 that their guns killed at a distance, 869 00:55:52,140 --> 00:55:55,120 but also in that no one at home really knew 870 00:55:55,140 --> 00:55:56,220 what they were doing. 871 00:55:59,211 --> 00:56:00,220 (BOMB EXPLODES) 872 00:56:01,200 --> 00:56:03,200 (GUNFIRE) 873 00:56:08,151 --> 00:56:10,031 (EXPLOSION BOOMS) 874 00:56:10,051 --> 00:56:12,040 (GUNFIRE CONTINUES) 875 00:56:16,251 --> 00:56:20,051 ♪ (MUSIC CONTINUES PLAYING) ♪ 876 00:56:33,051 --> 00:56:34,240 ♪ (MUSIC FADES) ♪ 877 00:56:38,240 --> 00:56:41,151 -(BIRDS CALLING) -(MONKEYS CHATTER) 878 00:56:48,180 --> 00:56:50,031 RAOUL: White by birth. 879 00:56:51,140 --> 00:56:52,251 A default setting. 880 00:56:55,180 --> 00:56:58,091 I know this story is painful, 881 00:56:58,111 --> 00:57:00,071 but we need to know it. 882 00:57:00,091 --> 00:57:03,031 ♪ (SOMBER MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 883 00:57:05,171 --> 00:57:07,171 The happiness of one 884 00:57:07,191 --> 00:57:10,111 cannot be built on the pain of all others. 885 00:57:17,111 --> 00:57:20,060 There is almost always a price to be paid 886 00:57:20,080 --> 00:57:21,200 further down the line. 887 00:57:29,180 --> 00:57:31,171 White by birth, 888 00:57:31,191 --> 00:57:34,140 a simple pigmentation variation 889 00:57:34,160 --> 00:57:37,071 transformed into a source of power. 890 00:57:47,100 --> 00:57:49,060 A mark of superiority, 891 00:57:50,051 --> 00:57:52,060 an authorization for abuse, 892 00:57:53,131 --> 00:57:56,111 a justification for eternal immunity. 893 00:57:57,191 --> 00:58:00,100 No modesty is necessary. 894 00:58:00,120 --> 00:58:02,251 Nor is doubt a requirement. 895 00:58:04,021 --> 00:58:07,251 (TARZAN YELLS) 896 00:58:08,031 --> 00:58:10,040 RAOUL: The ultimate privilege. 897 00:58:10,060 --> 00:58:14,091 ♪ (UPBEAT MUSIC PLAYING) ♪ 898 00:59:26,231 --> 00:59:29,180 ♪ (MUSIC CONCLUDES) ♪