1
00:00:06,560 --> 00:00:13,640
Sergey Bazyanov. I have been the manager of
The International Bank of St. Petersburg.

2
00:00:20,000 --> 00:00:26,920
The manager said: “Work in Moscow during the weeks
and shot yours in St. Petersburg at the weekend."

3
00:00:29,720 --> 00:00:34,480
I met Putin
who was on his way to Moscow.

4
00:00:34,640 --> 00:00:40,680
We went in a small JAK-40 plane,
and I suggested that we follow.

5
00:00:42,480 --> 00:00:45,240
"Certainly," he said.

6
00:00:45,400 --> 00:00:50,560
At the time had
a certain Zeltser demanded money from the bank.

7
00:00:50,720 --> 00:00:55,560
He lived in the US - I don't know
if he was an American citizen.

8
00:00:55,720 --> 00:00:59,600
It was a shady type –
he was also a criminal.

9
00:01:00,680 --> 00:01:04,920
He had cheated the bank manager
of six to seven million dollars.

10
00:01:05,080 --> 00:01:09,840
Besides, he had sued us
of 25 million twice over.

11
00:01:11,400 --> 00:01:15,320
Putin asked:
"What is the conflict about?"

12
00:01:17,760 --> 00:01:23,360
He listened to me and said:
"He was the one who stole from you."

13
00:01:23,520 --> 00:01:28,320
"Yes, Vladimir. He stole the money."

14
00:01:30,200 --> 00:01:35,000
"What are you going to do?"
– "Bring him to justice, of course."

15
00:01:36,760 --> 00:01:40,200
"You should just kill him."

16
00:01:42,000 --> 00:01:46,680
I was stunned.
After all, Putin was a high official.

17
00:01:46,840 --> 00:01:52,640
"Huh?" I said. He waved it away.
"So that others don't get the idea to steal."

18
00:01:53,840 --> 00:01:58,800
“My principles
are the same as in the movie <i>The Godfather.</i> "

19
00:01:58,960 --> 00:02:05,280
Putin's actions in the 1990s give us
an understanding of what he does today.

20
00:02:06,680 --> 00:02:13,760
Putin has a dominant position.
But I have seen his true face.

21
00:02:59,160 --> 00:03:04,000
St. Petersburg in particular was notorious
for his violence.

22
00:03:06,320 --> 00:03:09,720
It was Russia's Wild West.

23
00:03:11,920 --> 00:03:14,880
Officials and ordinary people were killed.

24
00:03:18,080 --> 00:03:21,560
A Tokarev gun outside the gate.

25
00:03:23,280 --> 00:03:25,240
It was that simple.

26
00:03:32,080 --> 00:03:36,320
The KGB did not protect Putin.

27
00:03:36,480 --> 00:03:39,760
If he survived, he did.

28
00:03:39,920 --> 00:03:44,320
Yes, it was good then.

29
00:03:44,480 --> 00:03:47,800
Otherwise, they brought in someone else.

30
00:03:52,720 --> 00:03:59,320
Both the one and the other could
kill him. He had to make trade-offs.

31
00:04:14,760 --> 00:04:21,400
Roman Tsepov was a standout
actor in the criminal market.

32
00:04:26,400 --> 00:04:32,200
He himself was a former cop.

33
00:04:34,840 --> 00:04:40,080
Tsepov was an authority in the field
and built his own organization.

34
00:04:44,040 --> 00:04:48,760
-Do you know Baltic Escort?
- Yes, of course.

35
00:04:48,920 --> 00:04:53,880
-What was it?
- Well, whatever it sounds like. Body builder.

36
00:04:58,160 --> 00:05:02,400
With impossible outfits.
First it was tracksuits.

37
00:05:04,120 --> 00:05:09,360
Later they got themselves a jacket
and a sloppy tie.

38
00:05:09,520 --> 00:05:15,480
It was the 1990s.
It was exactly as you would imagine.

39
00:05:32,400 --> 00:05:36,720
Baltic Escort was quite simple
a covering.

40
00:05:36,880 --> 00:05:39,680
They were indeed Putin's bodyguards–

41
00:05:39,840 --> 00:05:46,120
-but under the security company's
criminals also worked under cover.

42
00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:54,680
If a businessman needed to import
something for Russia, for St. Petersburg...

43
00:05:57,200 --> 00:06:01,920
...he must pay for protection
if it would go painlessly.

44
00:06:04,360 --> 00:06:11,000
Tsepov paid the city administration.
One of the men from Tsepov's gang–

45
00:06:11,160 --> 00:06:16,000
- has told me that he
was asked to hand over money to Putin.

46
00:06:17,680 --> 00:06:21,360
I hesitate a little for the next question...

47
00:06:21,520 --> 00:06:24,400
-...but I still want...
- What?

48
00:06:24,560 --> 00:06:29,720
I still want to ask the question:
Are you being offered bribes?

49
00:06:29,880 --> 00:06:37,640
I can honestly say that such
offers occur indirectly.

50
00:06:39,440 --> 00:06:43,040
I will ask no more.

51
00:06:43,200 --> 00:06:45,720
Ask yourself.

52
00:06:49,320 --> 00:06:53,040
So you don't accept the offers?

53
00:06:53,200 --> 00:06:56,800
Do you want me to say I do?

54
00:06:59,840 --> 00:07:04,280
Sobtjak and Putin were seen driving
new Mercor in sedan model.

55
00:07:05,320 --> 00:07:10,720
They were very expensive –
first-class Mercedes.

56
00:07:10,880 --> 00:07:14,320
It was a bit confusing–

57
00:07:14,480 --> 00:07:22,040
– for the salary they received at the time
was equivalent to about 40 dollars a month.

58
00:07:23,800 --> 00:07:29,440
My name is Andrew Goodman
and has worked as a diplomat for the United States.

59
00:07:29,600 --> 00:07:36,000
I was stationed in St. Petersburg
as Deputy Consul General–

60
00:07:36,160 --> 00:07:39,880
-from 1992 to 1995.

61
00:07:41,360 --> 00:07:48,280
Now I speak as a private person
and not as a representative of the United States.

62
00:07:48,440 --> 00:07:53,800
I investigated
organized crime and corruption.

63
00:07:56,640 --> 00:08:04,160
There were exactly three parking garages
in all of St. Petersburg at that time.

64
00:08:04,320 --> 00:08:12,080
In one of these garages
the two Mercedes were parked.

65
00:08:12,240 --> 00:08:19,400
To this particular garage had
my employees and myself access.

66
00:08:19,560 --> 00:08:23,360
So we could see the cars ourselves.

67
00:08:23,520 --> 00:08:28,160
The question was how and why
they had caught Mercorna.

68
00:08:31,920 --> 00:08:38,560
Boris Berezovsky was one of the first
the rich people in these circles.

69
00:08:38,720 --> 00:08:42,520
Some had started making a lot of money–

70
00:08:42,680 --> 00:08:47,200
- and Berezovsky had figured it out
how he would sell cars.

71
00:08:48,280 --> 00:08:51,160
Berezovsky opened
Mercedes salons.

72
00:08:51,320 --> 00:08:58,120
He had one in Moscow, and then
he opened another in St. Petersburg.

73
00:08:58,280 --> 00:09:04,680
They had problems
by clearing the land for the car showroom.

74
00:09:05,640 --> 00:09:10,000
It was promised to someone else.

75
00:09:10,160 --> 00:09:15,080
The contract must be rewritten.
Everything possible happened.

76
00:09:16,080 --> 00:09:21,960
Putin had signed the agreement that gave
The Mercedes dealers right to the ground.

77
00:09:22,120 --> 00:09:28,520
An official document was required,
and I saw that Putin had signed.

78
00:09:28,680 --> 00:09:32,360
And suddenly
the Mercedes showroom got the contract.

79
00:09:34,200 --> 00:09:40,160
Berezovsky wanted to thank Putin generously
for the help to open the car showroom.

80
00:09:40,320 --> 00:09:44,360
He offered Putin
a Mercedes of the latest model.

81
00:09:46,200 --> 00:09:51,920
Many talked about punching two
top officials received cars as gifts.

82
00:09:54,800 --> 00:10:00,080
People were surprised
when he was seen driving around town in it.

83
00:10:00,240 --> 00:10:05,760
The entire city administration asked
where they had gotten the cars from.

84
00:10:07,160 --> 00:10:10,880
Sobtjak's problem was…

85
00:10:11,040 --> 00:10:15,280
...that his wife became too fond of the car,
so he kept it.

86
00:10:20,240 --> 00:10:23,280
Putin was smart enough
to return it.

87
00:10:25,040 --> 00:10:28,440
It has been important to Putin ever since.

88
00:10:28,600 --> 00:10:35,280
He received gifts and accepted
that people showed their gratitude.

89
00:10:35,440 --> 00:10:39,880
There were large sums,
but they were not allowed to become holding hooks.

90
00:10:40,040 --> 00:10:44,560
He did nothing
which could be turned against him.

91
00:10:44,720 --> 00:10:47,760
He was quite cautious.

92
00:10:51,080 --> 00:10:57,000
During certain periods I met Putin
several times a day.

93
00:10:57,160 --> 00:11:04,240
Foreign companies would realize the benefits
with doing business in St. Petersburg.

94
00:11:08,080 --> 00:11:15,600
Only then did they let them know
that the deals entailed a cost.

95
00:11:17,520 --> 00:11:20,440
What was the view of corruption?

96
00:11:20,600 --> 00:11:28,360
Basically to loyal government officials
were entitled to a certain reward.

97
00:11:34,160 --> 00:11:36,600
I got the idea–

98
00:11:36,760 --> 00:11:43,640
-to start manufacturing pump guns
together with a business partner.

99
00:11:43,800 --> 00:11:49,840
I was introduced to Putin
when I would register my branch.

100
00:11:57,360 --> 00:12:03,560
If one turned to an official,
it was realized that it would cost.

101
00:12:05,480 --> 00:12:11,960
I asked acquaintances who worked
with the Committee on External Relations.

102
00:12:12,120 --> 00:12:16,360
They said I would be told the amount.

103
00:12:16,520 --> 00:12:21,840
So I was introduced to Putin,
and we talked a little.

104
00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:25,800
We discussed
an international collaboration.

105
00:12:25,960 --> 00:12:30,800
Then he just wrote down a sum.

106
00:12:30,960 --> 00:12:36,360
Begging, he wrote down the numbers
on a piece of paper. 10,000 dollars.

107
00:12:38,600 --> 00:12:44,240
Couriers have been used within
American organized crime.

108
00:12:44,400 --> 00:12:50,720
The courier is
the person who collects the bribe that is paid.

109
00:12:50,880 --> 00:12:55,000
A courier guarantees a certain distance–

110
00:12:55,160 --> 00:13:02,560
-between the corrupt official
and the gang leader, for example.

111
00:13:02,720 --> 00:13:06,440
They don't want to get dirty
their own hands.

112
00:13:07,760 --> 00:13:12,240
- Who was Putin's courier?
- I can't give you that name.

113
00:13:12,400 --> 00:13:18,960
I can only say that it is a lot
prominent person in Russian industry.

114
00:13:20,480 --> 00:13:25,880
He gave me the note
and said Miller would fix it.

115
00:13:26,040 --> 00:13:29,800
Alexey Miller is
Gazprom's current CEO

116
00:13:34,960 --> 00:13:37,800
Everyone in Putin's Circle–

117
00:13:37,960 --> 00:13:44,240
-must one way or another
prove their loyalty to him.

118
00:13:48,160 --> 00:13:50,080
My name is Roman Anin.

119
00:13:50,240 --> 00:13:56,000
I am the editor of <i>Vazjnyje istorii</i>
which is not currently active in Russia.

120
00:13:56,160 --> 00:14:01,240
I previously worked for 15 years
at <i>Novaya Gazeta</i>'s editorial office.

121
00:14:01,400 --> 00:14:05,240
Among other things, I investigated–

122
00:14:05,400 --> 00:14:10,480
-Putin's links to organized
crime in the 1990s and 2000s.

123
00:14:31,120 --> 00:14:37,160
Today, the cooperative is most similar
some smaller holiday homes by a lake.

124
00:14:37,320 --> 00:14:43,040
But in the 1990s
the houses were very expensive.

125
00:14:43,200 --> 00:14:45,880
They cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.

126
00:14:46,040 --> 00:14:52,040
As an official, Putin had
absolutely cannot afford such a house.

127
00:14:52,200 --> 00:14:56,880
His only chance
buying a holiday home was enough–

128
00:14:57,040 --> 00:15:02,800
– with the help of illegal earnings
as deputy mayor. Bribery, that is.

129
00:15:04,520 --> 00:15:09,720
Putin's circle remains
of neighbors in the Ozero cooperative–

130
00:15:09,880 --> 00:15:13,800
-who are now in key positions.

131
00:15:14,840 --> 00:15:20,520
Shamalov got to know Putin
in the 1990s and was a close friend.

132
00:15:24,160 --> 00:15:27,520
His son was married to Putin's daughter.

133
00:15:28,800 --> 00:15:33,600
Shyamalov was a doctor and worked
with medical supplies.

134
00:15:34,640 --> 00:15:37,640
He worked for a long time at Siemens.

135
00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:41,840
The medical equipment
which Siemens supplied–

136
00:15:42,000 --> 00:15:48,440
-went through, among other things
offshore companies such as Great Hill.

137
00:15:48,600 --> 00:15:56,040
The profits from the offshore companies
was transferred to the construction of the palace.

138
00:16:23,280 --> 00:16:28,800
Putin's palace is
a monument to corruption.

139
00:16:28,960 --> 00:16:32,360
A tasteless but grandiose monument.

140
00:16:48,480 --> 00:16:55,080
The corruption within Siemens
the supplies financed the palace.

141
00:16:57,280 --> 00:17:02,240
KGB agent Putin understands
the value of a signature.

142
00:17:02,400 --> 00:17:05,680
He has always avoided
to sign documents.

143
00:17:05,840 --> 00:17:11,440
Therefore, there is nothing to prove
that Putin has had accounts or companies.

144
00:17:11,600 --> 00:17:13,920
But we know how it happened.

145
00:17:14,080 --> 00:17:20,800
A friend gets to export oil, and in return
a certain percentage goes to the palace.

146
00:17:21,840 --> 00:17:27,280
It is standard procedure
for corruption.

147
00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:45,560
As soon as a company opened an office–

148
00:17:45,720 --> 00:17:51,720
-it was visited by a mafia gang
which offered protection.

149
00:17:54,720 --> 00:17:58,560
"Pay,
then we'll make sure no one touches you."

150
00:17:59,560 --> 00:18:05,280
<i>If someone didn't want to pay, explained</i>
<i>we kindly said it was not a good idea.</i>

151
00:18:05,440 --> 00:18:10,040
I received a letter that could say:
"Put $10,000"–

152
00:18:10,200 --> 00:18:18,040
–"in the letterbox in Soljanoj Alley.
Otherwise you'll get a bullet to the temple."

153
00:18:25,440 --> 00:18:28,960
There were three or four mafia gangs in town:

154
00:18:29,120 --> 00:18:35,320
The Malyshev gang
and a particularly brutal gang from Kazan–

155
00:18:35,480 --> 00:18:39,080
– as well as the Chechen gang
that was out of control–

156
00:18:39,240 --> 00:18:43,040
-and the Tambov gang under Kumarin.

157
00:18:49,120 --> 00:18:56,040
It was a real war, like to some extent
affected ordinary citizens–

158
00:18:56,200 --> 00:18:59,280
– who were not involved at all.

159
00:19:13,600 --> 00:19:19,200
<i>It was New Year's Eve,</i>
<i>and we partied at a bar downtown.</i>

160
00:19:25,600 --> 00:19:29,120
<i>Of an event</i>
<i>our rivals were also there.</i>

161
00:19:31,640 --> 00:19:36,880
<i>We took out the pistols. Someone called</i>
<i>the police, and they were all arrested together.</i>

162
00:19:41,400 --> 00:19:47,480
<i>When we were sitting at the police station</i>
<i>a high command from headquarters came in.</i>

163
00:19:47,640 --> 00:19:53,440
<i>He gave the order to release our group,</i>
<i>but the rivals would be kept.</i>

164
00:19:55,120 --> 00:19:58,480
<i>One of the officers asked</i>
<i>what was on it.</i>

165
00:19:58,640 --> 00:20:04,480
<i>The man from headquarters only replied:</i>
<i>"Do you want trouble with Cherkesov?"</i>

166
00:20:14,080 --> 00:20:20,600
They could not rule the city without it
certain agreements with the mafia.

167
00:20:20,760 --> 00:20:27,280
Finally they decided
to work with the Tambov gang.

168
00:20:27,440 --> 00:20:32,720
“They are criminal but predictable.
We can handle them.”

169
00:20:36,000 --> 00:20:41,480
Vladimir... He was a boxer.

170
00:20:41,640 --> 00:20:47,720
He started as a doorman
already in the 1980s.

171
00:20:47,880 --> 00:20:54,840
Then he became a bartender and handyman
with extortion and all that goes with it.

172
00:20:55,000 --> 00:20:58,880
That Kumarin and Putin were friends
may not be entirely true–

173
00:20:59,040 --> 00:21:03,120
-but they took it into consideration
to each other's interests.

174
00:21:08,360 --> 00:21:13,560
As an example
can I take the company Sovex.

175
00:21:16,080 --> 00:21:23,560
At the airports
are there refueling stations for airplanes.

176
00:21:23,720 --> 00:21:26,080
The plane has to refuel.

177
00:21:26,240 --> 00:21:30,840
The major airlines
of course did not want to pay in Russia.

178
00:21:31,000 --> 00:21:36,720
If you transferred money
you would never get anything for them.

179
00:21:36,880 --> 00:21:40,600
Neither the fuel nor the money was taken care of.

180
00:21:40,760 --> 00:21:44,360
The money was transferred instead
to Liechtenstein.

181
00:21:44,520 --> 00:21:49,200
After that we could buy fuel…

182
00:21:49,360 --> 00:21:53,720
...and refuel the plane.
It was convenient for everyone.

183
00:21:56,600 --> 00:22:02,640
Formally speaking
the tank facility belonged to the city.

184
00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:10,280
Therefore, I must…
conclude a long-term lease with them.

185
00:22:10,440 --> 00:22:13,280
The agreement was to be concluded with Putin–

186
00:22:13,440 --> 00:22:18,680
-and my business partner Dima Skigin
tried to reach an agreement.

187
00:22:18,840 --> 00:22:25,480
So Dima went to Putin, but when he
come back he swore so that it oozed.

188
00:22:25,640 --> 00:22:32,560
"They are incredibly greedy. They want 15%."
It was certainly not little.

189
00:22:32,720 --> 00:22:35,880
In the end, they went down to four.

190
00:22:36,040 --> 00:22:43,680
-The four percent... Who got them?
-Putin personally.

191
00:22:43,840 --> 00:22:49,600
Four percent...of the profit that we made.

192
00:22:49,760 --> 00:22:54,040
What will it be in money?

193
00:22:54,200 --> 00:22:58,600
A few hundred thousand dollars.

194
00:22:58,760 --> 00:23:01,600
That's a lot of money.

195
00:23:04,000 --> 00:23:10,400
Once the company is up and running
the gangsters appeared.

196
00:23:10,560 --> 00:23:18,360
"If you don't overwrite a share
of the company upon us, we kill you."

197
00:23:18,520 --> 00:23:22,240
That's how it happened.

198
00:23:22,840 --> 00:23:28,720
The win to fuel the plan
didn't go to the airport–

199
00:23:28,880 --> 00:23:33,560
- but to criminal gangs
who transferred them to offshore accounts.

200
00:23:35,640 --> 00:23:42,360
Year 2003
I tried to get my money back.

201
00:23:42,520 --> 00:23:47,560
But it was... It was unpleasant.

202
00:23:49,520 --> 00:23:52,320
What happened?

203
00:23:52,480 --> 00:24:00,120
I prefer not to go into details,
but I was assaulted.

204
00:24:06,680 --> 00:24:12,480
I was in hospital for two months –
they totally cut me up.

205
00:24:13,240 --> 00:24:17,640
Then I had to
to move abroad.

206
00:24:17,800 --> 00:24:23,480
You don't want to be killed.

207
00:24:24,920 --> 00:24:30,040
The mafia was assimilated
and became more business oriented.

208
00:24:30,200 --> 00:24:37,880
Instead of men with machine guns and
lawyers were deployed with grenade launchers.

209
00:24:38,040 --> 00:24:42,480
Putin helped with documents–

210
00:24:42,640 --> 00:24:47,680
– so that the state would not ask
some questions about the business.

211
00:25:28,160 --> 00:25:31,000
There are documentaries–

212
00:25:31,160 --> 00:25:38,560
- that Putin continued to lead the FSB
in St. Petersburg, even though he stopped there.

213
00:25:38,720 --> 00:25:42,160
He looked like he was fighting hard against the mafia.

214
00:25:49,880 --> 00:25:54,480
He thus "fought" against the mafia
without defeating it.

215
00:25:54,640 --> 00:25:59,680
Putin remained closely tied to the mafia
right into the 2000s.

216
00:26:22,360 --> 00:26:28,760
My name is Shemtov Michtavi.
I am from Israel and I am 72 years old.

217
00:26:28,920 --> 00:26:35,040
For many years I lived in it
criminal world. It was my family.

218
00:26:43,160 --> 00:26:49,960
There was a cartel in Cali then,
partly Pablo Escobar's cartel in Medellín.

219
00:26:50,120 --> 00:26:55,040
They smuggled in
tons of drugs in the US.

220
00:27:06,120 --> 00:27:13,120
However, some deliveries were seized,
for American police knew their route.

221
00:27:14,560 --> 00:27:20,000
Therefore, they began to look for new ways
that nobody knew about:

222
00:27:20,160 --> 00:27:23,360
Via Russia to Europe.

223
00:27:25,640 --> 00:27:30,200
The port of St. Petersburg is western,
and it is big.

224
00:27:30,360 --> 00:27:35,720
It's close to Europe, so it's easy
to ship something over there.

225
00:27:35,880 --> 00:27:41,760
For smuggling you need a port
belonging to a criminal leader–

226
00:27:41,920 --> 00:27:48,520
– who deal in dirty business.
Then you get common interests.

227
00:27:53,000 --> 00:27:58,320
We had a meeting with the cartel in Cali.

228
00:27:58,480 --> 00:28:02,240
First we thought of packaging the cocaine
in sugar boxes.

229
00:28:02,400 --> 00:28:06,040
There was a shortage of sugar in Russia.

230
00:28:06,200 --> 00:28:11,360
But after a while they said
that there was also a shortage of meat.

231
00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:19,120
The deal was to be done, and I left
with them to the jungles of Colombia.

232
00:28:19,280 --> 00:28:24,960
They packaged the cocaine
inside canned meat.

233
00:28:25,120 --> 00:28:28,080
It all worked perfectly.

234
00:28:30,520 --> 00:28:36,360
I received some documents
and the address of the recipient in Russia.

235
00:28:36,520 --> 00:28:41,360
The address belonged to
Mayor of Saint Petersburg.

236
00:28:42,880 --> 00:28:48,360
Vladimir Putin was
mayor Anatoly Sobtjak's deputy.

237
00:28:49,560 --> 00:28:55,880
The whole delivery was at that time worth
between 100 and 120 million dollars.

238
00:28:57,120 --> 00:29:03,240
There was just one problem.
In the whole scheme there was one person–

239
00:29:03,400 --> 00:29:08,560
-whose name I cannot mention
for legal reasons.

240
00:29:08,720 --> 00:29:12,240
He was a policeman
and worked undercover.

241
00:29:12,400 --> 00:29:18,360
Israeli police
had named the operation Acapulco.

242
00:29:36,760 --> 00:29:39,640
We open the container.

243
00:29:45,640 --> 00:29:48,280
The cargo has been stowed.

244
00:29:51,240 --> 00:29:54,360
When we open the box we find...

245
00:29:57,000 --> 00:30:01,320
...preserves with meat and potatoes.
We open the can.

246
00:30:01,480 --> 00:30:04,840
Go ahead - look here.

247
00:30:05,000 --> 00:30:07,720
There is a substance in the jar.

248
00:30:07,880 --> 00:30:10,240
How does it taste?

249
00:30:13,600 --> 00:30:16,920
It tastes bitter.
The tongue goes numb.

250
00:30:24,720 --> 00:30:29,440
Cherkesov was head of the FSB,
which was then called FSK–

251
00:30:29,600 --> 00:30:33,720
-when operation Acapulco took place.

252
00:30:35,320 --> 00:30:40,120
His words during the press conference
was speaking:

253
00:30:40,280 --> 00:30:45,400
"The cocaine must be reprocessed
for medical purposes."

254
00:30:49,120 --> 00:30:51,320
Cocaine burns up.

255
00:30:54,600 --> 00:30:58,360
But in St. Petersburg
would it be "reworked".

256
00:31:15,240 --> 00:31:20,200
The FSB was definitely an actor
in the criminal market.

257
00:31:20,360 --> 00:31:26,240
It was often difficult to distinguish the FSB
from criminal gangs.

258
00:31:27,440 --> 00:31:31,920
Wouldn't Putin have noticed?
It's ridiculous.

259
00:31:35,520 --> 00:31:40,680
There is a photo where people are sitting
at Putin's table - including Kumarin.

260
00:31:40,840 --> 00:31:47,080
I don't know the context, but
it was not an official gathering–

261
00:31:47,240 --> 00:31:49,840
– without a dinner with friends.

262
00:31:50,880 --> 00:31:58,920
They were tied to Putin through
blood ties, cocaine and much more.

263
00:32:02,960 --> 00:32:09,720
The gang was used to generate
profit and transfer money to the West.

264
00:32:09,880 --> 00:32:15,560
At the same time, they could be used for
to smear the democratic rule.

265
00:32:21,280 --> 00:32:25,200
We can get for ourselves,
and that goes for me too–

266
00:32:25,360 --> 00:32:30,480
-that if you introduce a heavy-handed government
and a firm hand–

267
00:32:30,640 --> 00:32:34,800
- then comes life
to become more comfortable and safer.

268
00:32:34,960 --> 00:32:39,800
But in fact
the convenience disappears quickly.

269
00:32:39,960 --> 00:32:43,760
The firm hand
soon begins to suffocate us.

270
00:32:43,920 --> 00:32:50,200
I think it is possible that we will get
a totalitarian rule for a period.

271
00:32:50,360 --> 00:32:53,920
Putin had ambitions even then.

272
00:32:56,040 --> 00:33:01,280
In Saint Petersburg collapsed
the governmental structures–

273
00:33:01,440 --> 00:33:03,920
-and the right of the strong prevailed.

274
00:33:04,080 --> 00:33:09,120
Putin is the spider himself
– a central figure – in this network –

275
00:33:09,280 --> 00:33:13,840
–of corruption,
security services and mafia structures.

276
00:33:22,320 --> 00:33:29,720
Sobtjak was a bad teacher.
He taught Putin what not to do.

277
00:33:29,880 --> 00:33:35,520
Putin began to consider
to move on to something else.

278
00:33:35,680 --> 00:33:38,960
Maybe it was time
to move to Moscow.

279
00:33:43,600 --> 00:33:46,960
I visited relatives in Germany–

280
00:33:47,120 --> 00:33:53,160
-when our company in Saint Petersburg
stormed by armed forces.

281
00:33:56,120 --> 00:34:01,320
I called Vladimir Putin
and asked if he could do anything.

282
00:34:01,480 --> 00:34:04,200
But the answer was no.

283
00:34:04,360 --> 00:34:09,280
Yeltsin expropriated our property
by a presidential decree.

284
00:34:09,440 --> 00:34:16,320
Namely, the president would use
our company's property as a guest residence.

285
00:34:29,240 --> 00:34:33,240
Did you think
that your friend Putin would help you?

286
00:34:33,400 --> 00:34:40,880
Putin said plainly: “I can't
put myself up against Moscow."

287
00:34:41,040 --> 00:34:48,160
"I have a career
which awaits." And he was right about that.

288
00:34:50,200 --> 00:34:56,840
Through the expropriation of my company
he got to know Pavel Borodin.

289
00:34:57,280 --> 00:35:02,640
Borodin was the boss
for one of the President's Departments–

290
00:35:02,800 --> 00:35:06,800
-and his daughter was studying
in St. Petersburg.

291
00:35:06,960 --> 00:35:14,120
If she got into trouble, Putin saw to it
to solve them. He took care of her.

292
00:35:14,280 --> 00:35:19,760
When Borodin came to St. Petersburg,
did Putin care a lot about–

293
00:35:19,920 --> 00:35:25,160
- that he would be comfortable,
by car, private driver and so on.

294
00:35:25,320 --> 00:35:31,680
They helped each other from both sides.

295
00:35:31,840 --> 00:35:35,240
"If you scratch my back,
then I'll scratch yours."

296
00:36:15,960 --> 00:36:20,840
He had known Putin
ever since the St. Petersburg era.

297
00:36:21,000 --> 00:36:25,760
Berezovsky wanted to thank him
for the help–

298
00:36:25,920 --> 00:36:32,360
– and offered a new Mercedes as a gift.
Putin refused.

299
00:36:32,520 --> 00:36:39,880
Berezovsky for some reason saw this
as a sign that Putin was honest.

300
00:36:50,880 --> 00:36:56,320
On behalf of the President
shall I now introduce–

301
00:36:56,480 --> 00:37:01,560
-the new head of the FSB:
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin.

302
00:37:07,200 --> 00:37:15,000
Returning to the security service is
like returning home.

303
00:37:27,200 --> 00:37:29,920
My name is Marina Litvinenko.

304
00:37:30,080 --> 00:37:36,800
My husband Aleksandr Litvinenko struggled
against organized crime throughout life.

305
00:37:37,960 --> 00:37:42,480
I remember when Aleksandr said
that they had a new boss.

306
00:37:42,640 --> 00:37:46,960
"So what?" I said.
"It's someone from St. Petersburg."

307
00:37:48,320 --> 00:37:56,040
"He's so weird. He even has
brought a driver from there."

308
00:37:56,200 --> 00:37:59,120
To Aleksandr it sounded strange.

309
00:37:59,280 --> 00:38:05,680
Putin also had
no special merits to bring.

310
00:38:05,840 --> 00:38:11,200
After Putin was appointed in July–

311
00:38:11,360 --> 00:38:15,680
– he tried to find out
who Putin really was.

312
00:38:19,800 --> 00:38:21,800
They had a meeting.

313
00:38:21,960 --> 00:38:27,600
Aleksandr had information
which he wanted to share with Putin.

314
00:38:27,760 --> 00:38:31,760
There were facts that proved–

315
00:38:31,920 --> 00:38:37,800
- that there was
a criminal organization within the FSB.

316
00:38:37,960 --> 00:38:43,600
They had people controlling
smuggling of drugs and weapons.

317
00:38:46,880 --> 00:38:52,360
Here is the schedule that
Aleksandr Litvinenko drew for Putin.

318
00:38:52,520 --> 00:38:59,720
Here we see, for example, St. Petersburg's
harbor and the Tambov gang.

319
00:39:07,080 --> 00:39:14,200
He had hoped that Putin would
investigate the gangs' connections to the FSB.

320
00:39:16,040 --> 00:39:21,320
For Putin, this was extremely unpleasant–

321
00:39:21,480 --> 00:39:27,080
– because it was published at the same time
an open letter in <i>Kommersant–</i>

322
00:39:27,240 --> 00:39:31,640
-where Berezovsky turned to Putin
and wrote:

323
00:39:31,800 --> 00:39:34,080
"You as FSB chief"–

324
00:39:34,240 --> 00:39:40,480
–"must clean up in the security service
and eliminate crime."

325
00:39:40,640 --> 00:39:43,600
It was a double blow.

326
00:39:44,800 --> 00:39:49,200
Aleksandr said directly:
"Our phone is bugged."

327
00:39:51,560 --> 00:39:55,840
That was the prelude, I would say.

328
00:39:57,760 --> 00:40:02,960
A month later, Aleksandr held
and some colleagues a press conference.

329
00:40:07,200 --> 00:40:14,360
Some people don't use FSB
to ensure the security of the state–

330
00:40:14,520 --> 00:40:17,880
– but for personal gain.

331
00:40:18,040 --> 00:40:24,800
They use the FSB to deal with
opponent, commit commission offense–

332
00:40:24,960 --> 00:40:27,800
–or just make money.

333
00:40:27,960 --> 00:40:33,800
He told about crime
committed in recent years–

334
00:40:33,960 --> 00:40:39,400
– and said that this must be fought
before the FSB became a threat.

335
00:40:39,560 --> 00:40:45,680
Because Putin became my husband Aleksandr
of course an enemy.

336
00:40:54,240 --> 00:41:00,760
Aleksandr fled without saying anything
for me, because he first went alone.

337
00:41:00,920 --> 00:41:06,560
We met later in Turkey
and never returned to Russia.

338
00:41:22,200 --> 00:41:26,640
All buildings
had regained the glory of the tsarist era.

339
00:41:29,080 --> 00:41:34,320
It cost several billion dollars,
and in Switzerland investigations were launched–

340
00:41:34,480 --> 00:41:39,400
– about money that has changed hands,
bribes and smuggled money.

341
00:41:41,520 --> 00:41:48,320
Yuri Skuratov who was the Attorney General
launched an investigation into Yeltsin's family.

342
00:41:48,480 --> 00:41:55,240
He was a dangerous enemy - it works
to say that you are fighting corruption.

343
00:41:55,400 --> 00:42:00,720
To crush the Attorney General
an absolutely incredible operation began.

344
00:42:06,920 --> 00:42:11,440
He was filmed with hidden cameras–

345
00:42:11,600 --> 00:42:15,720
– in a sauna
together with prostitutes.

346
00:42:19,360 --> 00:42:24,120
The video was shown on state television–

347
00:42:24,280 --> 00:42:29,200
– as part of the evening news
on the television channel Rossiya.

348
00:42:33,960 --> 00:42:39,520
The press conference was held by two people:

349
00:42:39,680 --> 00:42:44,520
The then Prime Minister
Sergey Stepashin–

350
00:42:44,680 --> 00:42:49,320
-and FSB chief Vladimir Putin.

351
00:42:49,480 --> 00:42:56,920
It heated up when one of the journalists
asked about the authenticity of the recordings.

352
00:42:57,080 --> 00:43:02,520
“Isn't it just someone
that resembles the Attorney General?"

353
00:43:02,680 --> 00:43:08,600
Stepashin was completely taken aback by the question.

354
00:43:08,760 --> 00:43:16,480
He said, “Well… It will be reviewed
by experts, and we don't know."

355
00:43:16,640 --> 00:43:19,960
"We can hardly prove anything."

356
00:43:22,760 --> 00:43:29,400
Putin interrupted him: “Of course
the experts have reviewed the material."

357
00:43:29,560 --> 00:43:33,520
"They have no doubt about the authenticity."

358
00:43:33,680 --> 00:43:39,120
I think the same
such as the President and the Prime Minister.

359
00:43:39,280 --> 00:43:41,920
The Attorney General should resign.

360
00:43:44,920 --> 00:43:48,280
When the press conference was shown–

361
00:43:48,440 --> 00:43:53,680
- exclaimed the members
in Yeltsin's "family":

362
00:43:53,840 --> 00:43:59,360
"Here he is. He's the one we want.
We need Putin."

363
00:44:00,920 --> 00:44:03,560
In that second he was selected–

364
00:44:03,720 --> 00:44:08,760
– as the person who would secure
their future, crush the enemies–

365
00:44:08,920 --> 00:44:15,280
– and guarantee that they would not be investigated
for corruption of any kind.

366
00:44:33,480 --> 00:44:41,200
Putin's actions in the situation with
the public prosecutor and the prostitutes–

367
00:44:41,360 --> 00:44:44,160
–made him president.

368
00:44:45,080 --> 00:44:51,760
The group of FSB employees like you
let work undercover for the government–

369
00:44:51,920 --> 00:44:56,360
– has succeeded
with the first phase of the mission.

370
00:45:05,800 --> 00:45:08,920
This is your workspace now.

371
00:45:22,280 --> 00:45:27,080
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin!

372
00:45:42,960 --> 00:45:48,000
Some oil companies such as Yukos
have large assets.

373
00:45:48,160 --> 00:45:53,120
How did they come across these?
That's what we're going to discuss today.

374
00:45:55,280 --> 00:46:01,280
Putin took away their power and
properties and put them in prison.

375
00:46:04,040 --> 00:46:07,960
Berezovsky was forced out of Russia.

376
00:46:08,120 --> 00:46:15,680
All his business partners were imprisoned
and the companies were seized.

377
00:46:15,840 --> 00:46:21,560
Putin's policy rested even then
on criminal grounds.

378
00:46:26,240 --> 00:46:30,320
The state he has built,
if it can even be called a state–

379
00:46:30,480 --> 00:46:35,680
–is a repulsive structure which
reminiscent of the KGB and criminal gangs.

380
00:46:53,920 --> 00:46:56,640
<i>–Hello?</i>
<i>–Nikolaj Vasilyevich?</i>

381
00:46:56,800 --> 00:46:59,040
<i>–Are you busy?</i>
<i>–No.</i>

382
00:46:59,200 --> 00:47:02,760
These gentlemen belong to the mafia.

383
00:47:02,920 --> 00:47:07,560
Their fortune is building
on criminal organizations.

384
00:47:11,960 --> 00:47:15,960
In March 2006, by chance, I got–

385
00:47:16,120 --> 00:47:24,120
- the assignment to investigate an organization
which is usually called the Russian mafia.

386
00:47:26,280 --> 00:47:30,080
It is said that they simply seek here–

387
00:47:30,240 --> 00:47:34,600
-for the sun and the weak
for the sake of Spanish legislation.

388
00:47:37,520 --> 00:47:43,720
The first I can agree with,
but certainly not the other.

389
00:47:46,960 --> 00:47:49,760
<i>Surely you have heard that?</i>

390
00:47:49,920 --> 00:47:53,080
<i>Medvedev will be president, right?</i>

391
00:47:53,240 --> 00:47:56,520
<i>Yes, and our man becomes prime minister.</i>

392
00:47:56,680 --> 00:48:03,560
<i>And not only that – he becomes</i>
<i>chairman of the entire government.</i>

393
00:48:03,720 --> 00:48:08,440
Interestingly, this had not
published in the media yet:

394
00:48:08,600 --> 00:48:16,360
Medvedev and Putin would switch roles
as president and prime minister.

395
00:48:17,360 --> 00:48:22,240
<i>The most important thing is that everything still</i>
<i>decided by one man.</i>

396
00:48:22,400 --> 00:48:26,000
<i>Only one, and that is our man.</i>

397
00:48:26,160 --> 00:48:29,800
They had the protection of the Russian state.

398
00:48:30,920 --> 00:48:33,120
<i>It is so–</i>

399
00:48:33,280 --> 00:48:39,080
<i>–that his highness the tsar has understood</i>
<i>a positive decision.</i>

400
00:48:49,320 --> 00:48:54,800
They said, “Go to London
then you get to meet a person."

401
00:48:54,960 --> 00:49:00,600
I didn't know Aleksandr Litvinenko,
but he told me things.

402
00:49:00,760 --> 00:49:07,280
He talked about the criminal sphere
in St. Petersburg–

403
00:49:07,440 --> 00:49:10,040
- and about the heroin trade.

404
00:49:10,200 --> 00:49:16,240
I remember him telling
about certain Russian people.

405
00:49:17,760 --> 00:49:22,520
Exactly everything
as Litvinenko told was true.

406
00:49:24,480 --> 00:49:29,800
He was going to Madrid around
on the eighth of November to testify–

407
00:49:29,960 --> 00:49:34,320
-but received a fatal dose of polonium
the first of November.

408
00:49:36,840 --> 00:49:42,080
One person was killed
which posed no danger to the state.

409
00:49:42,240 --> 00:49:48,600
In addition, he was killed in a public
dangerous way, with radioactive warfare agent.

410
00:49:48,760 --> 00:49:56,480
Killing Litvinenko in 2006 was
an insane decision for a head of state.

411
00:49:56,640 --> 00:50:03,800
But from the point of view of a KGB chief
is it more understandable.

412
00:50:04,200 --> 00:50:07,840
- Can you forgive?
-Yes.

413
00:50:08,920 --> 00:50:10,840
But not everything.

414
00:50:11,000 --> 00:50:13,800
-What is unforgivable?
-Treason.

415
00:50:26,440 --> 00:50:32,720
So the people who challenged him
are now abroad, dead or in prison.

416
00:50:37,360 --> 00:50:44,640
What do you say about a person
like in a little more than ten years...

417
00:50:45,680 --> 00:50:50,120
...has gone from being
a fairly ordinary official–

418
00:50:50,280 --> 00:50:54,280
-within the KGB or whatever it may be...

419
00:50:54,440 --> 00:50:57,200
In ten years–

420
00:50:57,360 --> 00:51:04,800
- has he managed to make a career and become
president of a huge nuclear power.

421
00:51:07,720 --> 00:51:12,840
He felt some kind of cold.

422
00:51:13,720 --> 00:51:18,960
The idea of "the Russian world" –
Putin's official war ideology…

423
00:51:23,000 --> 00:51:28,280
...is in my opinion a mythological version
of KGB ideology.

424
00:51:28,440 --> 00:51:32,640
The KGB agents are considered
have saved Russia from ruin.

425
00:51:32,800 --> 00:51:39,080
That is narcissism – seeing oneself
as the savior of the motherland.

426
00:51:39,240 --> 00:51:41,600
Putin, Putin!

427
00:51:41,760 --> 00:51:45,680
If you have also had
unlimited power for 25 years–

428
00:51:45,840 --> 00:51:52,440
- and everyone around you says that man
is God's emissary, then one begins to believe it.

429
00:51:52,600 --> 00:51:55,800
- We have won!
-Yes!!

430
00:51:55,960 --> 00:51:58,320
Glory to Russia!

431
00:51:58,480 --> 00:52:02,400
It is nothing but totalitarianism.

432
00:52:02,560 --> 00:52:09,400
That makes it so incredibly difficult,
even if Putin were to disappear.

433
00:52:09,560 --> 00:52:16,840
Untangling this whole mess
of economic and governmental power…

434
00:52:18,440 --> 00:52:21,000
It is almost impossible.

435
00:52:55,600 --> 00:52:58,960
Translation:
M. Kapla, K. Hjerpe, A. Blombergsson
Swedish media text for SVT