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Martin luther king jr.:
<i>A nation that continues</i>
<i>year after year</i>

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<i>To spend more money</i>
<i>on military defense</i>

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<i>Than on programs</i>
<i>of social uplift</i>

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Is approaching
spiritual death.

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Henry wallace:
<i>The source of all</i>
<i>our mistakes is fear.</i>

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<i>Out of fear,</i>

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<i>Great nations have been</i>
<i>acting like cornered beasts,</i>

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<i>Thinking only</i>
<i>of survival.</i>

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George w. Bush:
<i>Every nation in every region</i>

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<i>Now has a decision to make.</i>

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<i>Either you are with us</i>

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Or you are
with the terrorists.

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( applause )

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Stone:
<i>For most americans,</i>
<i>9/11 was a terrible tragedy.</i>

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<i>For george bush</i>
<i>and dick cheney,</i>

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<i>It was that plus more--</i>

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<i>A chance to implement</i>
<i>the agenda</i>

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<i>That their neoconservative</i>
<i>allies had been working up</i>
<i>for decades.</i>

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<i>The project for</i>
<i>the new american century's</i>

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<i>Recent report called</i>
<i>"rebuilding america's defenses"</i>

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<i>Had said "the process</i>
<i>of transformation is</i>
<i>likely to be a long one,</i>

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<i>Absent some catastrophic</i>
<i>and catalyzing event,</i>

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<i>Like a new pearl harbor."</i>

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<i>Al qaeda, in their mind,</i>

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<i>Had given us pearl harbor.</i>

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<i>And within minutes</i>
<i>of the attack,</i>

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<i>The bush team</i>
<i>leapt into action.</i>

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<i>With bush in florida,</i>

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<i>Vice president cheney</i>
<i>and his legal counsel</i>

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<i>David addington,</i>

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<i>Took charge,</i>
<i>arguing that the president</i>

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<i>As a wartime</i>
<i>commander-in-chief</i>

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<i>Could act virtually unfettered</i>
<i>by legal constraints.</i>

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<i>On September 12th,</i>

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<i>Already looking past</i>
<i>all qaeda's</i>

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<i>Osama bin laden group</i>
<i>in afghanistan,</i>

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<i>Bush, back in washington,</i>
<i>instructed counter-terrorism</i>
<i>chief richard clark...</i>

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Bush's voice:
<i>See if saddam did this.</i>

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<i>See if he's linked</i>
<i>in any way.</i>

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"it was iraq,
saddam.

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Find out,
get back to me."

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<i>And the reaction</i>
<i>you got that day</i>

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<i>From the defense secretary,</i>
<i>donald rumsfeld,</i>

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<i>From his assistant</i>
<i>paul wolfowitz?</i>

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Well, donald rumsfeld said,

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When we talked about bombing
the al qaeda infrastructure
in afghanistan,

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He said there were
"no good targets
in afghanistan.

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Let's bomb iraq."

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And we said,
"but iraq had nothing
to do with this."

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And that didn't seem
to make much difference.

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Stone:
<i>Donald rumsfeld had,</i>
<i>already on September 11th,</i>

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<i>Ordered strike plans</i>
<i>for iraq.</i>

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<i>"go massive," he said.</i>

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<i>"sweep it all up,</i>
<i>things related and not."</i>

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<i>Within a matter of days,</i>
<i>bush announced</i>

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<i>Before a joint</i>
<i>session of congress</i>

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<i>That the United States was</i>
<i>embarking on a global war.</i>

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From this day forward,

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Any nation that continues
to harbor or support terrorism

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Will be regarded
by the United States

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As a hostile regime.

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Stone:
<i>At home, 1,200 men were</i>
<i>quickly arrested and detained,</i>

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<i>Another 8,000 sought</i>
<i>for interrogation,</i>

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<i>Mostly muslims.</i>

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<i>Bush rushed a 362-page</i>

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<i>U.S.A. Patriot act</i>
<i>through congress.</i>

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<i>Senators had no time</i>
<i>to read the bill,</i>

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<i>Let alone debate it.</i>

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<i>Only senator russ feingold</i>

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<i>Of wisconsin voted</i>
<i>against it, insisting...</i>

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Feingold:
<i>Preserving our freedom</i>

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<i>Is one of the main reasons</i>
<i>that we are now engaged</i>

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<i>In this new war</i>
<i>on terrorism.</i>

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<i>We will lose that war</i>
<i>without firing a shot</i>

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<i>If we sacrifice the liberties</i>
<i>of the american people.</i>

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Stone:
<i>Bush cloaked</i>
<i>white house deliberations</i>

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<i>In an unprecedented</i>
<i>veil of secrecy,</i>

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<i>And in 2002, empowered</i>
<i>the national security agency</i>

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<i>To conduct</i>
<i>warrantless wiretaps</i>

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<i>And monitor u.S. Citizens'</i>
<i>emails on a massive scale...</i>

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Eyes and ears
in every room.

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<i>...In violation</i>
<i>of legal reviews</i>

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<i>Required by legislation</i>
<i>passed in 1978</i>

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<i>In reaction to</i>
<i>intelligence abuses of</i>
<i>the previous decades.</i>

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<i>The administration</i>
<i>barraged the public</i>

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<i>With constant alerts,</i>
<i>heightened security,</i>

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<i>And a five-tier system</i>
<i>of color-coded warnings.</i>

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<i>The system was at times</i>
<i>being politically manipulated</i>

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<i>By rumsfeld and</i>
<i>attorney general john ashcroft,</i>

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<i>And in 2005, tom ridge,</i>

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<i>Under pressure,</i>
<i>felt compelled to resign.</i>

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<i>Potential terror targets</i>
<i>jumped from 160 sites in 2003</i>

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<i>To over 300,000</i>
<i>in the next four years.</i>

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<i>Amazingly,</i>
<i>indiana led all states</i>

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<i>With 8600 potential</i>
<i>targets by 2006.</i>

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<i>The national database</i>
<i>included</i>

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<i>Petting zoos, donut shops,</i>
<i>popcorn stands,</i>

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<i>Ice cream parlors</i>
<i>and the mule day parade</i>

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<i>In columbia, tennessee.</i>

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<i>The unreality of the time</i>
<i>continued to heighten.</i>

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<i>At the start of world war ii,</i>
<i>franklin roosevelt warned,</i>

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<i>"war costs money--</i>

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<i>That means taxes and bonds</i>
<i>and bonds and taxes.</i>

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<i>It means cutting luxuries</i>
<i>and other nonessentials."</i>

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<i>Bush instead</i>
<i>cut taxes on the wealthy</i>
<i>and told americans:</i>

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Fly and enjoy america's
great destination spots.

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Take your families
and enjoy life.

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Stone: <i>Ironically,</i>
<i>it was arch-cold warrior</i>
<i>zbigniew brzezinski</i>

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<i>Who in 2007 decried bush's...</i>

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Brzezinski's voice:
<i>Five years of almost continuous</i>

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<i>National brainwashing.</i>

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<i>Where is the u.S. Leader</i>
<i>ready to say</i>

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<i>"enough of this hysteria;</i>
<i>stop this paranoia"?</i>

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<i>Even in the face of</i>
<i>future terrorist attacks,</i>

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<i>The likelihood of which</i>
<i>cannot be denied,</i>

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<i>Let us show some sense.</i>

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<i>Let us be true</i>
<i>to our traditions.</i>

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Stone:
<i>Terrorism,</i>
<i>he stressed repeatedly,</i>

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<i>Was a tactic,</i>
<i>not an ideology</i>

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<i>And declaring war</i>
<i>on a tactic</i>

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<i>Made absolutely</i>
<i>no sense.</i>

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We must stop the terror.

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I call upon all nations
to do everything they can

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To stop these
terrorist killers.

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Thank you.
Now watch this drive.

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Stone:
<i>But the real weight</i>
<i>of bush's global crusade</i>

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<i>Would be felt abroad.</i>

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<i>Less than a month after</i>
<i>the terrorist attacks,</i>

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<i>The u.S. Invaded</i>
<i>afghanistan,</i>

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<i>Ostensibly to destroy some</i>
<i>of the same islamic fanatics</i>

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<i>The u.S. Had helped arm</i>
<i>and train to defeat</i>
<i>the soviets</i>

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<i>Two decades earlier.</i>

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<i>Critics of the war</i>
<i>would point out later</i>

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<i>That no afghans were among</i>
<i>the 19 9/11 hijackers,</i>

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<i>15 of whom were saudi;</i>

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<i>And that u.S. Bungling</i>
<i>allowed osama bin laden</i>

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<i>And other al qaeda leaders</i>
<i>to escape into pakistan</i>

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<i>In early December.</i>

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<i>The c.I.A. Did round up</i>
<i>thousands of suspects</i>

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<i>In afghanistan and beyond.</i>

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<i>Although the u.S.</i>
<i>Had always considered</i>

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<i>Its humane treatment</i>
<i>of prisoners of war</i>

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<i>A sign of its</i>
<i>moral superiority,</i>

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<i>The bush administration</i>
<i>branded detainees as...</i>

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<i>...Waived the battlefield</i>
<i>hearings required,</i>

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<i>And placed them outside</i>
<i>the conventions of treatment</i>

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<i>Mandated by the geneva</i>
<i>convention of 1949.</i>

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<i>When foreign governments</i>
<i>criticized his position,</i>

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<i>Bush backed down</i>
<i>on the taliban suspects,</i>

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<i>But refused</i>
<i>to change his policy</i>
<i>for the al qaeda fighters.</i>

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<i>Bush said...</i>

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Bush's voice:
<i>I don't care what</i>
<i>the international lawyers say,</i>

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<i>We are going to kick some ass.</i>

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Stone:
<i>The u.S. Flew</i>
<i>an unknown number of detainees</i>

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<i>To secret "black sites"</i>
<i>around the world</i>

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<i>In such places as thailand,</i>
<i>poland, romania, and morocco,</i>

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<i>Where torture and other</i>
<i>"harsh interrogation</i>
<i>techniques"</i>

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<i>Were implemented.</i>

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<i>Hundreds of others were</i>
<i>imprisoned at the u.S.</i>
<i>Naval station</i>

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<i>At guantanamo bay, cuba.</i>

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<i>At its peak in may 2003,</i>

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<i>The prison held</i>
<i>roughly 680 men,</i>

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<i>Age 13 to 98.</i>

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<i>5% of these were captured</i>
<i>by u.S. Troops.</i>

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<i>More than 80%</i>
<i>were turned over,</i>

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<i>Often for cash rewards,</i>

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<i>By a combination</i>
<i>of afghan warlord militias</i>

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<i>And both afghan and</i>
<i>pakistani bounty hunters.</i>

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<i>Government sources show that</i>
<i>only 8% were al qaeda fighters.</i>

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<i>600 have been released,</i>

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<i>Six convicted,</i>
<i>and according</i>
<i>to the government,</i>

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<i>Nine have died--</i>
<i>most from suicide.</i>

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<i>As of 2012,</i>

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<i>166 men from</i>
<i>more than 20 countries</i>

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<i>Remain in guantanamo.</i>

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<i>The bush administration</i>
<i>encouraged the c.I.A.</i>

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<i>To employ 10 enhanced</i>
<i>interrogation methods</i>

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<i>That were the product</i>
<i>of decades of research</i>
<i>into torture,</i>

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<i>Honed by allies</i>
<i>in foreign countries.</i>

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<i>In February 2004,</i>

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<i>Major general antonio taguba</i>
<i>reported that his investigation</i>

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<i>Had turned up</i>
<i>numerous instances of...</i>

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Taguba's voice:
<i>Sadistic, blatant,</i>
<i>and wanton criminal abuses</i>

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<i>...At abu ghraib prison</i>
<i>in iraq.</i>

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Taguba's voice:
<i>There is no longer any doubt</i>

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<i>As to whether</i>
<i>the current administration</i>

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<i>Has committed war crimes.</i>

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Stone:
<i>Arthur schlesinger, jr.,</i>
<i>a former kennedy aide,</i>

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<i>Said this torture policy</i>
<i>was the...</i>

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Schlesinger's voice:
<i>Most dramatic sustained</i>
<i>and radical challenge</i>

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<i>To the rule of law</i>
<i>in american history.</i>

192
00:09:19,709 --> 00:09:22,810
<i>No position taken</i>
<i>has done more damage</i>

193
00:09:22,844 --> 00:09:26,179
<i>To the american reputation</i>
<i>in the world... Ever!</i>

194
00:09:28,449 --> 00:09:31,216
Stone:
<i>Although the security</i>
<i>situation in afghanistan</i>

195
00:09:31,251 --> 00:09:33,919
<i>Worsened over</i>
<i>the next seven years,</i>

196
00:09:33,953 --> 00:09:38,489
<i>And the u.S. Presence grew</i>
<i>from 2500 to 30,000 troops,</i>

197
00:09:38,524 --> 00:09:41,174
<i>Afghanistan was</i>
<i>a distraction to bush.</i>

198
00:09:41,208 --> 00:09:43,643
<i>His attention was</i>
<i>focused on toppling</i>

199
00:09:43,678 --> 00:09:46,979
<i>His father's old adversary--</i>
<i>saddam hussein.</i>

200
00:09:47,013 --> 00:09:48,714
Bush:
<i>Evidence from</i>
<i>intelligence sources,</i>

201
00:09:48,748 --> 00:09:51,115
Secret communications
and statements

202
00:09:51,150 --> 00:09:53,451
By people now in custody,

203
00:09:53,486 --> 00:09:57,120
Reveal that saddam hussein aids
and protects terrorists...

204
00:09:58,356 --> 00:10:00,790
Including members
of al qaeda.

205
00:10:00,824 --> 00:10:03,125
Stone:
<i>As had bill casey</i>
<i>in the 1980s</i>

206
00:10:03,160 --> 00:10:05,595
<i>And lyndon johnson</i>
<i>in vietnam,</i>

207
00:10:05,629 --> 00:10:07,896
<i>Bush used</i>
<i>false intelligence.</i>

208
00:10:07,930 --> 00:10:10,632
Bush:
<i>There is no question</i>
<i>that the leader of iraq</i>

209
00:10:10,666 --> 00:10:12,032
Is an evil man.

210
00:10:13,768 --> 00:10:16,569
After all,
he gassed his own people.

211
00:10:18,439 --> 00:10:19,939
We know
he's been developing

212
00:10:19,974 --> 00:10:22,841
Weapons
of mass destruction.

213
00:10:22,876 --> 00:10:24,743
Stone:
<i>U.N. Inspectors</i>
<i>searched high and low,</i>

214
00:10:24,777 --> 00:10:28,012
<i>Visiting sites</i>
<i>identified by the c.I.A.</i>

215
00:10:28,046 --> 00:10:30,481
<i>They found nothing,</i>
<i>but bush insisted</i>

216
00:10:30,516 --> 00:10:32,215
<i>The w.M.D. Were there.</i>

217
00:10:32,250 --> 00:10:34,551
Bush:
<i>The british government has</i>
<i>learned that saddam hussein</i>

218
00:10:34,585 --> 00:10:38,821
Recently sought
significant quantities
of uranium from africa.

219
00:10:40,557 --> 00:10:41,856
Stone:
<i>Bush told bob woodward</i>

220
00:10:41,891 --> 00:10:43,892
<i>Of "the washington post"</i>
<i>around this time...</i>

221
00:10:43,926 --> 00:10:46,027
Bush's voice:
<i>I do not need to explain</i>
<i>why I say things.</i>

222
00:10:46,061 --> 00:10:47,961
<i>I don't feel like</i>
<i>I owe anybody</i>

223
00:10:47,996 --> 00:10:50,063
<i>Any explanations.</i>

224
00:10:50,098 --> 00:10:52,298
Stone:
<i>These were extraordinary times.</i>

225
00:10:52,332 --> 00:10:54,033
<i>Words took on new meanings,</i>

226
00:10:54,067 --> 00:10:57,168
<i>Fulfilling george orwell's</i>
<i>prophecies of "doublespeak"</i>

227
00:10:57,203 --> 00:10:59,437
<i>In his novel "1984"--</i>

228
00:10:59,472 --> 00:11:02,306
<i>First they steal the words,</i>
<i>then they steal the meaning.</i>

229
00:11:02,340 --> 00:11:05,509
<i>Words like "axis of evil,"</i>
<i>"war against terror,"</i>

230
00:11:05,544 --> 00:11:08,428
<i>"regime change,"</i>
<i>"simulated drowning,"</i>

231
00:11:08,462 --> 00:11:10,029
<i>"preventive war."</i>

232
00:11:10,064 --> 00:11:13,098
<i>Civilians killed were now</i>
<i>"collateral damage."</i>

233
00:11:13,132 --> 00:11:14,733
<i>C.I.A. Kidnappings</i>

234
00:11:14,767 --> 00:11:18,236
<i>Were now</i>
<i>"extraordinary renditions."</i>

235
00:11:18,270 --> 00:11:21,504
<i>And that most patriotic</i>
<i>concept, "the homeland,"</i>

236
00:11:21,539 --> 00:11:24,241
<i>Grew into a gargantuan</i>
<i>new federal agency</i>

237
00:11:24,275 --> 00:11:27,843
<i>As labyrinthine</i>
<i>as the pentagon.</i>

238
00:11:27,878 --> 00:11:32,647
<i>The french philosopher voltaire</i>
<i>in the 18th century observed,</i>

239
00:11:32,681 --> 00:11:34,649
<i>"those who can make you</i>
<i>believe absurdities</i>

240
00:11:34,683 --> 00:11:37,251
<i>Can make you</i>
<i>commit atrocities."</i>

241
00:11:37,285 --> 00:11:42,271
<i>The descent into unreality</i>
<i>was dizzying.</i>

242
00:11:42,306 --> 00:11:46,142
<i>"black hawk down," another</i>
<i>popular oscar-nominated film</i>

243
00:11:46,176 --> 00:11:48,793
<i>Appeared in late 2001,</i>

244
00:11:48,828 --> 00:11:51,795
<i>Glorifying american</i>
<i>heroism and technology</i>

245
00:11:51,846 --> 00:11:54,198
<i>In 1990's somalia.</i>

246
00:12:15,066 --> 00:12:19,134
<i>Through technology, video games</i>
<i>became more and more lifelike.</i>

247
00:12:19,169 --> 00:12:21,236
<i>And on television</i>

248
00:12:21,271 --> 00:12:24,238
<i>Increasingly bizarre and</i>
<i>fanciful reality game shows</i>

249
00:12:24,273 --> 00:12:26,074
<i>Prospered in the ratings.</i>

250
00:12:26,108 --> 00:12:27,374
Jenna, the tribe
has spoken.

251
00:12:29,410 --> 00:12:31,662
<i>U.S. Media beat</i>
<i>the drums of war.</i>

252
00:12:31,696 --> 00:12:34,764
<i>M.S.N.B.C., which was owned</i>
<i>by general electric,</i>

253
00:12:34,798 --> 00:12:37,699
<i>Cancelled phil donahue's</i>
<i>popular primetime show</i>

254
00:12:37,733 --> 00:12:39,567
<i>Three weeks before</i>
<i>the invasion.</i>

255
00:12:39,602 --> 00:12:41,102
<i>Officials feared</i>
<i>that the show...</i>

256
00:12:50,811 --> 00:12:52,244
<i>And wave the flag</i>
<i>they did.</i>

257
00:12:52,278 --> 00:12:54,913
<i>C.N.N., fox, n.B.C. Paraded</i>

258
00:12:54,948 --> 00:12:57,581
<i>Over 75 retired</i>
<i>generals and officers,</i>

259
00:12:57,616 --> 00:12:59,450
<i>Almost all of whom</i>
<i>were later revealed</i>

260
00:12:59,484 --> 00:13:01,919
<i>To be working directly</i>
<i>for military contractors.</i>

261
00:13:01,954 --> 00:13:05,221
<i>Pentagon officials</i>
<i>gave them talking points,</i>

262
00:13:05,256 --> 00:13:07,990
<i>Portraying iraq</i>
<i>as an urgent threat.</i>

263
00:13:08,024 --> 00:13:09,892
<i>Major newspapers</i>
<i>and magazines,</i>

264
00:13:09,926 --> 00:13:12,794
<i>Including "the new york times,"</i>
<i>advanced the same message.</i>

265
00:13:12,828 --> 00:13:16,164
<i>One bush insider told</i>
<i>journalist ron suskind</i>

266
00:13:16,198 --> 00:13:19,800
<i>That suskind represented</i>
<i>"the reality-based community,"</i>

267
00:13:19,834 --> 00:13:22,535
<i>But "that's not the way</i>
<i>the world works anymore.</i>

268
00:13:22,569 --> 00:13:24,003
<i>We're an empire now,</i>

269
00:13:24,037 --> 00:13:27,872
<i>And when we act,</i>
<i>we create our own reality."</i>

270
00:13:27,907 --> 00:13:29,841
<i>When France,</i>
<i>germany and russia,</i>

271
00:13:29,875 --> 00:13:31,810
<i>As well as most of</i>
<i>the security council,</i>

272
00:13:31,844 --> 00:13:34,011
<i>Refused to support</i>
<i>the u.S. Position,</i>

273
00:13:34,045 --> 00:13:37,214
<i>Bush was furious</i>
<i>and rumsfeld sneered...</i>

274
00:13:37,248 --> 00:13:39,749
You're thinking of europe
as germany and France.

275
00:13:39,783 --> 00:13:41,084
I don't.

276
00:13:41,118 --> 00:13:42,617
I think that's old europe.

277
00:13:42,652 --> 00:13:45,087
Stone:
<i>French fries in</i>
<i>the congressional cafeteria</i>

278
00:13:45,121 --> 00:13:47,688
<i>Were renamed</i>
<i>"freedom fries,"</i>

279
00:13:47,723 --> 00:13:52,109
<i>Just as sauerkraut</i>
<i>became "liberty cabbage"</i>
<i>during world war I.</i>

280
00:13:52,144 --> 00:13:54,444
<i>Bush laid out</i>
<i>his new strategy</i>

281
00:13:54,478 --> 00:13:58,897
<i>In a speech to the cadets</i>
<i>at west point in June 2002.</i>

282
00:13:58,932 --> 00:14:00,899
We must take
the battle to the enemy,

283
00:14:00,934 --> 00:14:02,633
Disrupt its plans

284
00:14:02,668 --> 00:14:04,769
And confront
the worst threats

285
00:14:04,803 --> 00:14:06,771
Before they emerge.

286
00:14:06,805 --> 00:14:09,106
Stone:
<i>The u.S. Would act</i>
<i>unilaterally and preemptively</i>

287
00:14:09,140 --> 00:14:10,974
<i>To overthrow</i>
<i>any government</i>

288
00:14:11,009 --> 00:14:13,776
<i>Deemed a threat</i>
<i>to u.S. Security.</i>

289
00:14:13,810 --> 00:14:15,778
<i>Cheney had declared...</i>

290
00:14:15,812 --> 00:14:19,581
Cheney's voice:
<i>If there's a 1% chance</i>
<i>pakistani scientists</i>

291
00:14:19,615 --> 00:14:22,784
<i>Are helping al qaeda build</i>
<i>or develop a nuclear weapon,</i>

292
00:14:22,817 --> 00:14:25,052
<i>We have to treat it</i>
<i>as a certainty</i>

293
00:14:25,086 --> 00:14:27,854
<i>In terms of our response.</i>

294
00:14:27,888 --> 00:14:29,889
In the world
we have entered,

295
00:14:29,923 --> 00:14:32,692
The only path to safety

296
00:14:32,726 --> 00:14:34,893
Is the path of action.

297
00:14:34,927 --> 00:14:38,562
And this nation will act.

298
00:14:38,597 --> 00:14:42,500
Stone: <i>60 countries</i>
<i>made it on to bush's</i>
<i>potential hit list.</i>

299
00:14:42,534 --> 00:14:46,169
<i>With bush calling</i>
<i>for a moral crusade,</i>

300
00:14:46,203 --> 00:14:49,972
<i>Saying that the United States</i>
<i>must defend liberty and justice</i>

301
00:14:50,006 --> 00:14:52,408
<i>Because these principles</i>
<i>are right and true</i>

302
00:14:52,442 --> 00:14:55,076
<i>For all people everywhere.</i>

303
00:14:55,110 --> 00:14:58,311
Moral truth is the same
in every culture,

304
00:14:58,346 --> 00:15:01,581
In every time
and in every place.

305
00:15:01,616 --> 00:15:04,950
Stone:
<i>It was a bold statement</i>
<i>of american exceptionalism.</i>

306
00:15:04,985 --> 00:15:07,053
<i>Bruce bartlett, who served</i>

307
00:15:07,087 --> 00:15:10,121
<i>In both the reagan</i>
<i>and first bush administrations</i>
<i>explained...</i>

308
00:15:10,156 --> 00:15:13,124
Bartlett's voice:
<i>This is why george w. Bush</i>
<i>is so clear-eyed</i>

309
00:15:13,159 --> 00:15:16,143
<i>About al qaeda</i>
<i>and the islamic</i>
<i>fundamentalist enemy.</i>

310
00:15:16,177 --> 00:15:19,345
<i>He understands them</i>
<i>because he's just like them.</i>

311
00:15:19,379 --> 00:15:22,081
<i>He truly believes</i>
<i>he's on a mission from god.</i>

312
00:15:22,116 --> 00:15:24,816
<i>The whole thing about faith</i>
<i>is to believe things</i>

313
00:15:24,851 --> 00:15:27,085
<i>For where there is</i>
<i>no empirical evidence.</i>

314
00:15:27,120 --> 00:15:29,620
I have a sense of calm

315
00:15:29,654 --> 00:15:32,757
Knowing that
the bible's admonition,

316
00:15:32,791 --> 00:15:35,024
"thy will be done,"

317
00:15:35,059 --> 00:15:37,694
Is life's guide.

318
00:15:37,728 --> 00:15:39,678
Stone:
<i>In early October of 2002,</i>

319
00:15:39,712 --> 00:15:42,281
<i>Congress empowered bush</i>
<i>to go to war</i>

320
00:15:42,315 --> 00:15:45,083
<i>Against iraq</i>
<i>on his own authority,</i>

321
00:15:45,117 --> 00:15:46,684
<i>Whenever he deemed it</i>
<i>appropriate,</i>

322
00:15:46,718 --> 00:15:48,419
<i>Using whatever means,</i>

323
00:15:48,454 --> 00:15:51,621
<i>Including nuclear weapons,</i>
<i>he felt necessary.</i>

324
00:15:51,656 --> 00:15:53,889
<i>The resolution drew</i>
<i>a direct connection</i>

325
00:15:53,924 --> 00:15:55,958
<i>Between iraq and al qaeda.</i>

326
00:15:55,992 --> 00:15:58,360
<i>Among those authorizing this</i>

327
00:15:58,395 --> 00:16:01,229
<i>Were senators john kerry</i>
<i>and hillary clinton.</i>

328
00:16:01,263 --> 00:16:03,597
<i>This would cost</i>
<i>both of them dearly</i>

329
00:16:03,631 --> 00:16:05,466
<i>In their runs for president.</i>

330
00:16:05,500 --> 00:16:07,601
<i>Not all were fooled.</i>

331
00:16:07,635 --> 00:16:11,404
Escalating this war
and expanding this war

332
00:16:11,438 --> 00:16:14,940
Does nothing in terms
of our national security.

333
00:16:14,974 --> 00:16:17,542
It puts us more at risk.

334
00:16:17,577 --> 00:16:21,745
Iraq was not a haven
for terrorists as it is now.

335
00:16:21,780 --> 00:16:26,149
Again, iraq,
saddam hussein and al qaeda--

336
00:16:26,183 --> 00:16:29,751
There was no connection and
we have to dispel that notion

337
00:16:29,786 --> 00:16:32,688
So the american people
know the truth.

338
00:16:32,722 --> 00:16:35,556
Stone:
<i>Millions of protesters hit</i>
<i>the streets around the world--</i>

339
00:16:35,591 --> 00:16:37,191
<i>Three million in rome,</i>

340
00:16:37,226 --> 00:16:38,559
<i>A million in london,</i>

341
00:16:38,594 --> 00:16:40,961
<i>Hundreds of thousands</i>
<i>in new york.</i>

342
00:16:40,995 --> 00:16:43,864
<i>"time" magazine surveyed</i>
<i>several hundred thousand</i>
<i>europeans.</i>

343
00:16:43,897 --> 00:16:45,631
<i>84% thought the United States</i>

344
00:16:45,665 --> 00:16:47,566
<i>The greatest threat to peace;</i>

345
00:16:47,601 --> 00:16:50,235
<i>8% thought iraq was.</i>

346
00:16:50,269 --> 00:16:52,637
<i>Bush sent secretary of state</i>
<i>colin powell,</i>

347
00:16:52,671 --> 00:16:55,672
<i>The most respected member</i>
<i>of his administration,</i>

348
00:16:55,707 --> 00:16:58,675
<i>Before the united nations</i>
<i>to make a case for war.</i>

349
00:16:58,710 --> 00:17:00,176
<i>He told powell...</i>

350
00:17:00,210 --> 00:17:01,444
Bush's voice:
<i>Maybe they'll believe you.</i>

351
00:17:01,478 --> 00:17:03,779
Saddam hussein is determined

352
00:17:03,814 --> 00:17:06,314
To get his hands
on a nuclear bomb.

353
00:17:06,349 --> 00:17:08,583
Stone:
<i>Powell spoke</i>
<i>for 75 minutes.</i>

354
00:17:08,618 --> 00:17:10,918
<i>It was a thoroughly</i>
<i>shameful performance,</i>

355
00:17:10,952 --> 00:17:13,187
<i>Promoting false intelligence</i>

356
00:17:13,221 --> 00:17:16,122
<i>That powell later called</i>
<i>a low point in his career.</i>

357
00:17:16,157 --> 00:17:18,525
<i>But the speech, although</i>
<i>it fell flat overseas,</i>

358
00:17:18,559 --> 00:17:21,426
<i>Had the desired impact</i>
<i>on u.S. Public opinion.</i>

359
00:17:21,461 --> 00:17:26,330
<i>Support for the war</i>
<i>jumped from 50% to 63%.</i>

360
00:17:26,365 --> 00:17:30,667
<i>"the washington post"</i>
<i>pronounced the evidence</i>
<i>on w.M.D. "irrefutable."</i>

361
00:17:30,701 --> 00:17:33,537
<i>The u.S., without</i>
<i>a security council resolution,</i>

362
00:17:33,571 --> 00:17:36,605
<i>Was moving inexorably</i>
<i>towards war.</i>

363
00:17:36,640 --> 00:17:38,407
<i>The truth was even darker.</i>

364
00:17:38,441 --> 00:17:41,242
<i>For bush, iraq was</i>
<i>only the appetizer.</i>

365
00:17:41,277 --> 00:17:44,545
<i>After devouring iraq,</i>
<i>the neocons had their eyes set</i>

366
00:17:44,579 --> 00:17:46,013
<i>On the main course.</i>

367
00:17:46,047 --> 00:17:49,349
<i>Pentagon officials foresaw</i>
<i>a 5-year campaign</i>

368
00:17:49,384 --> 00:17:52,618
<i>With a total</i>
<i>of seven targeted countries,</i>

369
00:17:52,653 --> 00:17:56,488
<i>Beginning with iraq,</i>
<i>syria, lebanon, libya,</i>

370
00:17:56,522 --> 00:18:00,558
<i>Somalia, sudan</i>
<i>and the biggest prize of all,</i>

371
00:18:00,592 --> 00:18:01,892
<i>Iran.</i>

372
00:18:01,927 --> 00:18:04,894
<i>It would be a war</i>
<i>to remake the world</i>

373
00:18:04,929 --> 00:18:06,763
<i>The neoconservative way.</i>

374
00:18:06,797 --> 00:18:09,032
<i>Talk of empire abounded.</i>

375
00:18:09,066 --> 00:18:11,433
<i>"the new york times"</i>
<i>Sunday magazine cover</i>

376
00:18:11,467 --> 00:18:14,036
<i>For January 5, 2003 read:</i>

377
00:18:14,070 --> 00:18:17,338
<i>"american empire:</i>
<i>Get used to it."</i>

378
00:18:17,372 --> 00:18:20,657
<i>Bush clearly was a man</i>
<i>with a boldness of vision.</i>

379
00:18:20,691 --> 00:18:24,693
<i>He'd always exhibited an</i>
<i>outlaw side as a younger man.</i>

380
00:18:24,728 --> 00:18:27,663
<i>Now he would outdo</i>
<i>his towering father</i>

381
00:18:27,697 --> 00:18:31,199
<i>By going beyond</i>
<i>the laws of nations.</i>

382
00:18:31,233 --> 00:18:34,768
<i>The 8-year war became</i>
<i>the debacle critics predicted.</i>

383
00:18:34,802 --> 00:18:37,070
<i>Iraqi society</i>
<i>was rent asunder.</i>

384
00:18:37,105 --> 00:18:39,273
<i>Like vietnam,</i>
<i>it warped america,</i>

385
00:18:39,307 --> 00:18:43,142
<i>Polarizing it even further</i>
<i>as costs and casualties</i>

386
00:18:43,176 --> 00:18:45,110
<i>Mounted on all sides.</i>

387
00:18:47,346 --> 00:18:51,548
<i>Yet remarkably,</i>
<i>bush won the 2004 election</i>

388
00:18:51,583 --> 00:18:55,652
<i>With a naked appeal to even</i>
<i>more fervent patriotism.</i>

389
00:18:55,686 --> 00:18:58,154
<i>By 2008,</i>
<i>when bush left office</i>

390
00:18:58,188 --> 00:19:01,223
<i>With the most dismal poll</i>
<i>ratings since harry truman,</i>

391
00:19:01,257 --> 00:19:04,126
<i>He had not only thoroughly</i>
<i>mismanaged two wars...</i>

392
00:19:06,662 --> 00:19:09,764
<i>As well as the federal relief</i>
<i>efforts for new orleans</i>

393
00:19:09,798 --> 00:19:12,766
<i>In the aftermath</i>
<i>of hurricane katrina,</i>

394
00:19:12,800 --> 00:19:15,167
<i>But most importantly,</i>
<i>in the eyes of the public,</i>

395
00:19:15,201 --> 00:19:18,153
<i>He mismanaged</i>
<i>the economy of the country</i>

396
00:19:18,188 --> 00:19:20,905
<i>Which nearly collapsed</i>
<i>in 2008</i>

397
00:19:20,940 --> 00:19:24,425
<i>And ensured the presidency</i>
<i>to the democrats.</i>

398
00:19:24,460 --> 00:19:27,828
<i>His successor,</i>
<i>barack hussein obama,</i>

399
00:19:27,862 --> 00:19:29,696
<i>Child of a black</i>
<i>kenyan father</i>

400
00:19:29,731 --> 00:19:31,764
<i>And a white kansas mother,</i>

401
00:19:31,798 --> 00:19:33,833
<i>Who was raised</i>
<i>in indonesia and hawaii,</i>

402
00:19:33,867 --> 00:19:37,235
<i>Became at 47 president</i>
<i>of the United States</i>

403
00:19:37,270 --> 00:19:40,704
<i>Evoking great</i>
<i>hopes for change.</i>

404
00:19:40,739 --> 00:19:45,276
<i>His words and demeanor attested</i>
<i>to the other side of america--</i>

405
00:19:45,309 --> 00:19:48,911
<i>Constitutional, humanist,</i>
<i>global, environmental.</i>

406
00:19:48,946 --> 00:19:51,647
<i>Obama had spoken out strongly</i>
<i>against the iraq war.</i>

407
00:19:51,681 --> 00:19:55,117
What I do oppose
is a dumb war.

408
00:19:55,151 --> 00:19:58,519
Stone: <i>Financed by</i>
<i>the internet's multitude</i>
<i>of small contributors</i>

409
00:19:58,553 --> 00:20:01,121
<i>Stunned the heavily</i>
<i>favored and financed</i>

410
00:20:01,155 --> 00:20:03,056
<i>Democratic party choice,</i>

411
00:20:03,090 --> 00:20:05,858
<i>Hillary clinton</i>
<i>in the primaries.</i>

412
00:20:05,892 --> 00:20:08,327
<i>He now confronted</i>
<i>an ex-military man,</i>

413
00:20:08,361 --> 00:20:11,729
<i>Conservative john mccain</i>
<i>in the national election.</i>

414
00:20:11,764 --> 00:20:14,132
<i>The wind was at obama's back.</i>

415
00:20:14,166 --> 00:20:17,684
<i>Perhaps not since roosevelt</i>
<i>in the early 1930s</i>

416
00:20:17,719 --> 00:20:20,803
<i>Was there such</i>
<i>populist anger at wall street</i>

417
00:20:20,854 --> 00:20:24,807
<i>And the unnecessary</i>
<i>wars of empire.</i>

418
00:20:24,858 --> 00:20:27,609
<i>But then an unexpected</i>
<i>thing happened.</i>

419
00:20:27,643 --> 00:20:30,345
<i>Obama betrayed</i>
<i>his earlier promise,</i>

420
00:20:30,379 --> 00:20:34,214
<i>And became the first candidate</i>
<i>to run in a general election</i>

421
00:20:34,249 --> 00:20:36,549
<i>To reject public financing</i>

422
00:20:36,583 --> 00:20:39,919
<i>In favor of private financing</i>
<i>without limits.</i>

423
00:20:39,953 --> 00:20:42,120
<i>Mccain, who took</i>
<i>the public option,</i>

424
00:20:42,155 --> 00:20:44,956
<i>Was badly outspent</i>
<i>two to one.</i>

425
00:20:44,991 --> 00:20:48,642
<i>In this period, obama turned</i>
<i>quietly to wall street funders</i>

426
00:20:48,676 --> 00:20:52,712
<i>With deep pockets like</i>
<i>j.P. Morgan, goldman sachs</i>

427
00:20:52,747 --> 00:20:55,248
<i>And citigroup,</i>
<i>as well as general electric</i>

428
00:20:55,282 --> 00:20:58,384
<i>And other defense contractors,</i>
<i>computer giants</i>

429
00:20:58,418 --> 00:21:01,252
<i>And the pharmaceuticals</i>
<i>industry.- Big pharma.-</i>

430
00:21:01,286 --> 00:21:03,621
<i>Which reversed years</i>
<i>of supporting republicans,</i>

431
00:21:03,655 --> 00:21:07,524
<i>Giving obama three times</i>
<i>as much as mccain.</i>

432
00:21:07,558 --> 00:21:11,527
<i>Few of obama's supporters</i>
<i>complained at the time.</i>

433
00:21:11,561 --> 00:21:13,529
<i>His victory</i>
<i>in the national election</i>

434
00:21:13,563 --> 00:21:15,398
<i>Was applauded</i>
<i>across the world--</i>

435
00:21:15,432 --> 00:21:17,799
<i>A new america was here.</i>

436
00:21:17,833 --> 00:21:22,002
<i>Though conservatives would</i>
<i>absurdly decry obama</i>
<i>as a socialist,</i>

437
00:21:22,037 --> 00:21:24,004
<i>By far the biggest</i>
<i>winner in the election</i>

438
00:21:24,039 --> 00:21:26,539
<i>Turned out to be wall street.</i>

439
00:21:26,573 --> 00:21:29,008
<i>Obama brought back</i>
<i>the same economic team</i>

440
00:21:29,043 --> 00:21:31,410
<i>That under clinton</i>
<i>had done so much</i>

441
00:21:31,444 --> 00:21:33,345
<i>To deregulate the economy.</i>

442
00:21:33,379 --> 00:21:35,080
<i>"the new york times"</i>
<i>referred to them as</i>

443
00:21:35,114 --> 00:21:37,481
<i>"a constellation of rubinites,"</i>

444
00:21:37,516 --> 00:21:41,351
<i>Acolytes of the most powerful</i>
<i>treasury secretary in decades,</i>

445
00:21:41,385 --> 00:21:43,019
<i>Robert rubin.</i>

446
00:21:43,054 --> 00:21:45,822
<i>After nearly wrecking</i>
<i>the world economy</i>

447
00:21:45,856 --> 00:21:49,024
<i>With spectacular innovations</i>
<i>in leveraging and speculation,</i>

448
00:21:49,058 --> 00:21:51,342
<i>Several giant banks,</i>
<i>insurance companies</i>

449
00:21:51,377 --> 00:21:55,413
<i>And mortgage lenders,</i>
<i>prophesying the collapse</i>
<i>of the world's economy</i>

450
00:21:55,447 --> 00:21:58,682
<i>If they went under--</i>
<i>they were in other words</i>
<i>"too big to fail"--</i>

451
00:21:58,716 --> 00:22:02,885
<i>Eagerly accepted</i>
<i>a $700 billion bailout</i>

452
00:22:02,919 --> 00:22:05,554
<i>On remarkably easy terms.</i>

453
00:22:05,589 --> 00:22:07,555
<i>In addition,</i>
<i>the federal reserve board</i>

454
00:22:07,590 --> 00:22:10,658
<i>Cut the interest rate</i>
<i>for banks to 0%.</i>

455
00:22:10,693 --> 00:22:13,193
<i>It became almost</i>
<i>unpatriotic at the time</i>

456
00:22:13,228 --> 00:22:17,296
<i>To question the rightness</i>
<i>of these financial rescues.</i>

457
00:22:17,331 --> 00:22:19,699
<i>But there were</i>
<i>those who wondered--</i>

458
00:22:19,733 --> 00:22:21,983
<i>Could not some of</i>
<i>the sicker financial entities</i>

459
00:22:22,001 --> 00:22:24,102
<i>Be let go and broken up?</i>

460
00:22:24,137 --> 00:22:25,921
<i>Could not these giants</i>
<i>be confronted</i>

461
00:22:25,955 --> 00:22:29,757
<i>With the real market value</i>
<i>of their toxic assets?</i>

462
00:22:29,791 --> 00:22:31,592
<i>The public wanted revenge.</i>

463
00:22:31,625 --> 00:22:35,311
<i>It was a classic depression</i>
<i>back room moment,</i>

464
00:22:35,346 --> 00:22:37,446
<i>As illustrated</i>
<i>by frank capra.</i>

465
00:22:37,480 --> 00:22:39,931
You sit there back
of your big cigars

466
00:22:39,949 --> 00:22:41,533
And think of deliberately
killing an idea

467
00:22:41,568 --> 00:22:44,202
That's made millions of people
a little bit happier,

468
00:22:44,236 --> 00:22:46,537
An idea that's brought
thousands of them here

469
00:22:46,572 --> 00:22:48,071
From all over the country

470
00:22:48,105 --> 00:22:50,273
By bus and by freight
and jalopies,

471
00:22:50,308 --> 00:22:51,458
And on foot!

472
00:22:51,492 --> 00:22:52,792
<i>So they could pass</i>
<i>onto each other</i>

473
00:22:52,826 --> 00:22:54,710
<i>Their own simple</i>
<i>little experiences.</i>

474
00:22:54,744 --> 00:22:57,011
<i>Why look,</i>

475
00:22:57,046 --> 00:22:58,947
<i>I'm just a mug</i>
<i>and I know it.</i>

476
00:22:58,981 --> 00:23:00,982
<i>But I'm beginning to</i>
<i>understand a lot of things.</i>

477
00:23:01,016 --> 00:23:03,083
Why, your type's
as old as history.

478
00:23:03,117 --> 00:23:04,751
If you can't lay
your dirty fingers

479
00:23:04,786 --> 00:23:06,953
On a decent idea
and twist it and squeeze it

480
00:23:06,987 --> 00:23:08,087
And stuff it
into your own pocket,

481
00:23:08,121 --> 00:23:09,872
You slap it down!
Like dogs,

482
00:23:09,907 --> 00:23:11,724
If you can't eat something,
you bury it!

483
00:23:13,326 --> 00:23:15,627
Stone:
<i>Former federal reserve</i>
<i>chairman, paul volcker,</i>

484
00:23:15,661 --> 00:23:17,495
<i>Urged obama to act.</i>

485
00:23:17,529 --> 00:23:19,930
Volcker's voice:
<i>Right now, when you have</i>
<i>your chance</i>

486
00:23:19,965 --> 00:23:21,899
<i>And their breasts are bared,</i>

487
00:23:21,933 --> 00:23:23,566
<i>You need to put a spear</i>
<i>through the heart</i>

488
00:23:23,601 --> 00:23:25,435
<i>Of all these guys</i>
<i>on wall street</i>

489
00:23:25,469 --> 00:23:28,637
<i>That for years have been</i>
<i>mostly debt merchants.</i>

490
00:23:28,671 --> 00:23:31,323
Stone:
<i>But it didn't happen.</i>
<i>The bailout was forced through</i>

491
00:23:31,357 --> 00:23:34,158
<i>A panicked congress,</i>
<i>the media applauded.</i>

492
00:23:34,193 --> 00:23:37,028
<i>The treasury made</i>
<i>no immediate demands</i>

493
00:23:37,062 --> 00:23:39,963
<i>That bankers make that money</i>
<i>available in new loans</i>

494
00:23:39,997 --> 00:23:41,631
<i>To businesses</i>
<i>or the public,</i>

495
00:23:41,666 --> 00:23:46,135
<i>Or, for that matter,</i>
<i>cut their personal</i>
<i>compensations.</i>

496
00:23:46,169 --> 00:23:48,503
<i>And made no demands that</i>
<i>shareholders or bondholders</i>

497
00:23:48,537 --> 00:23:50,104
<i>Absorb any losses.</i>

498
00:23:50,139 --> 00:23:53,240
<i>Taxpayers would fund</i>
<i>the bailout alone.</i>

499
00:23:53,274 --> 00:23:56,577
<i>The biggest losers over time</i>
<i>would be workers,</i>

500
00:23:56,611 --> 00:23:58,978
<i>Pensioners,</i>
<i>older people with savings,</i>

501
00:23:59,012 --> 00:24:00,930
<i>Homeowners,</i>
<i>small businessmen,</i>

502
00:24:00,964 --> 00:24:04,533
<i>Students with loans, and those,</i>
<i>especially african-americans,</i>

503
00:24:04,567 --> 00:24:06,868
<i>Who lost their jobs</i>
<i>to a surging,</i>

504
00:24:06,903 --> 00:24:09,770
<i>Structural</i>
<i>unemployment problem.</i>

505
00:24:09,804 --> 00:24:11,972
<i>Many simply lost</i>
<i>their tenuous grip</i>

506
00:24:12,007 --> 00:24:14,040
<i>On the proverbial</i>
<i>american dream</i>

507
00:24:14,074 --> 00:24:15,508
<i>Of joining</i>
<i>the middle class.</i>

508
00:24:15,543 --> 00:24:18,961
<i>The myth of upward mobility</i>
<i>was shattered.</i>

509
00:24:18,995 --> 00:24:21,330
<i>The bankers, or "banksters"</i>
<i>as they were nicknamed</i>

510
00:24:21,364 --> 00:24:23,764
<i>During the great depression</i>
<i>of the 1930s,</i>

511
00:24:23,799 --> 00:24:26,868
<i>Had talked</i>
<i>of voluntary restraint,</i>

512
00:24:26,902 --> 00:24:29,169
<i>But received record</i>
<i>compensation packages</i>

513
00:24:29,203 --> 00:24:31,404
<i>For the next two years.</i>

514
00:24:31,439 --> 00:24:34,340
<i>Whereas c.E.O.S</i>
<i>in britain and canada</i>

515
00:24:34,374 --> 00:24:38,209
<i>Earned 20 times as much</i>
<i>as the average worker in 2010--</i>

516
00:24:38,244 --> 00:24:40,828
<i>And in japan 11 times--</i>

517
00:24:40,863 --> 00:24:42,896
<i>In the u.S., c.E.O.S made</i>

518
00:24:42,931 --> 00:24:47,384
<i>343 times as much</i>
<i>as the average worker.</i>

519
00:24:48,902 --> 00:24:51,954
<i>The number of billionaires</i>
<i>went from 13 in '85</i>

520
00:24:51,989 --> 00:24:54,906
<i>To 450 in 2008.</i>

521
00:24:54,924 --> 00:24:58,576
<i>While the minimum wage</i>
<i>stagnated at $5.15 an hour</i>

522
00:24:58,610 --> 00:25:00,778
<i>From '97 to '2007,</i>

523
00:25:00,812 --> 00:25:02,979
<i>The poverty rate was higher</i>
<i>than at any time</i>

524
00:25:03,013 --> 00:25:05,982
<i>Since the 1960s.</i>

525
00:25:06,016 --> 00:25:08,050
<i>The net worth of</i>
<i>the average american family</i>

526
00:25:08,084 --> 00:25:10,219
<i>Actually dropped almost 40%</i>

527
00:25:10,253 --> 00:25:13,120
<i>From $126,000 in 2007</i>

528
00:25:13,155 --> 00:25:16,524
<i>To $77,000 in 2010.</i>

529
00:25:16,558 --> 00:25:19,626
<i>By 2011, the top 1%</i>

530
00:25:19,660 --> 00:25:22,846
<i>Had more wealth than</i>
<i>the bottom 90 percent.</i>

531
00:25:22,880 --> 00:25:26,732
<i>Populist anger</i>
<i>boiled over into the</i>
<i>occupy wall street movement,</i>

532
00:25:26,766 --> 00:25:30,718
<i>A kind of protest not seen</i>
<i>since the 1930s.</i>

533
00:25:30,753 --> 00:25:35,072
<i>The right-wing tea party</i>
<i>expressed a different</i>
<i>kind of anger</i>

534
00:25:35,106 --> 00:25:38,874
<i>Fueled by advocacy groups like</i>
<i>americans for prosperity,</i>

535
00:25:38,909 --> 00:25:42,478
<i>Largely funded</i>
<i>by the conservative,</i>
<i>billionaire koch brothers.</i>

536
00:25:44,647 --> 00:25:47,349
<i>The confused american public,</i>
<i>not knowing who to blame</i>

537
00:25:47,383 --> 00:25:49,617
<i>For persisting</i>
<i>economic hardship,</i>

538
00:25:49,651 --> 00:25:51,885
<i>Handed the republicans</i>
<i>a sweeping victory</i>

539
00:25:51,920 --> 00:25:55,288
<i>In 2010's mid-term elections,</i>

540
00:25:55,322 --> 00:25:58,390
<i>But only more gridlock and</i>
<i>confusion pervaded washington.</i>

541
00:25:58,424 --> 00:26:02,461
<i>Obama, who'd swept to office</i>
<i>amid such euphoria,</i>

542
00:26:02,495 --> 00:26:04,462
<i>Now walked a fine line,</i>

543
00:26:04,496 --> 00:26:06,797
<i>Avoiding fatal mistakes,</i>

544
00:26:06,832 --> 00:26:10,667
<i>But failing to deliver</i>
<i>on hope or change.</i>

545
00:26:10,701 --> 00:26:12,535
<i>During the 2008 campaign,</i>

546
00:26:12,570 --> 00:26:15,738
<i>The constitutional professor</i>
<i>had promised</i>

547
00:26:15,772 --> 00:26:17,873
<i>"transparency</i>
<i>and the rule of law</i>

548
00:26:17,907 --> 00:26:21,376
<i>Will be the touchstones</i>
<i>of this presidency."</i>

549
00:26:21,410 --> 00:26:25,545
<i>Yet, in office,</i>
<i>he refused to relinquish</i>
<i>the expanded powers</i>

550
00:26:25,580 --> 00:26:28,048
<i>Usurped by</i>
<i>the bush administration--</i>

551
00:26:28,082 --> 00:26:31,617
<i>As a passive population</i>
<i>continued to consent</i>

552
00:26:31,652 --> 00:26:34,352
<i>To being stripped in front</i>
<i>of airport screeners,</i>

553
00:26:34,387 --> 00:26:36,855
<i>Permit eavesdropping</i>
<i>on their communications</i>

554
00:26:36,889 --> 00:26:40,024
<i>And pay for vast</i>
<i>new security programs.</i>

555
00:26:40,058 --> 00:26:43,160
<i>It did not make political sense</i>
<i>for obama to ease</i>

556
00:26:43,194 --> 00:26:44,894
<i>This heightened state</i>
<i>of alert,</i>

557
00:26:44,928 --> 00:26:47,196
<i>In the risk that a single</i>
<i>terrorist incident</i>

558
00:26:47,231 --> 00:26:50,632
<i>Would certainly result</i>
<i>in renewed media hysteria</i>

559
00:26:50,667 --> 00:26:53,968
<i>And a republican</i>
<i>I-told-you-so firestorm</i>

560
00:26:54,002 --> 00:26:56,704
<i>That could cost him</i>
<i>his presidency.</i>

561
00:26:56,738 --> 00:26:59,005
Ever in the middle
of all this coming at you,

562
00:26:59,040 --> 00:27:00,774
You think maybe
one term is enough?

563
00:27:00,808 --> 00:27:02,275
The one thing
I'm clear about

564
00:27:02,310 --> 00:27:03,510
Is that I'd rather be

565
00:27:03,544 --> 00:27:07,212
A really good
one-term president

566
00:27:07,247 --> 00:27:09,947
Than a mediocre
two-term president.

567
00:27:11,483 --> 00:27:13,551
Stone: <i>Instead of fighting</i>
<i>for transparency, however,</i>

568
00:27:13,585 --> 00:27:16,620
<i>Obama became</i>
<i>a far more effective manager</i>

569
00:27:16,654 --> 00:27:19,689
<i>Of the national</i>
<i>security state.</i>

570
00:27:19,723 --> 00:27:21,624
<i>Like bush,</i>
<i>he repeatedly invoked</i>

571
00:27:21,658 --> 00:27:24,142
<i>The state secrets privilege</i>
<i>in lawsuits</i>

572
00:27:24,176 --> 00:27:26,878
<i>Involving torture,</i>
<i>extraordinary rendition</i>

573
00:27:26,912 --> 00:27:29,413
<i>And illegal</i>
<i>n.S.A. Eavesdropping.</i>

574
00:27:29,447 --> 00:27:32,816
<i>He blocked habeas corpus rights</i>
<i>for enemy combatants,</i>

575
00:27:32,851 --> 00:27:36,686
<i>Preserved military</i>
<i>commissions and authorized,</i>
<i>without due process,</i>

576
00:27:36,720 --> 00:27:39,621
<i>The killing of</i>
<i>a u.S. Citizen in yemen</i>

577
00:27:39,656 --> 00:27:41,690
<i>Accused of having ties</i>
<i>to al qaeda.</i>

578
00:27:43,626 --> 00:27:46,093
<i>Obama stunned</i>
<i>civil libertarians when he took</i>

579
00:27:46,128 --> 00:27:49,095
<i>Bush-era investigations</i>
<i>to the next level,</i>

580
00:27:49,130 --> 00:27:53,433
<i>And began prosecuting</i>
<i>government whistleblowers</i>
<i>and reporters</i>

581
00:27:53,467 --> 00:27:57,519
<i>Using the world war I era</i>
<i>espionage act.</i>

582
00:27:57,554 --> 00:28:00,688
<i>Only three cases</i>
<i>had been brought in 92 years.</i>

583
00:28:00,723 --> 00:28:05,192
<i>Obama initiated</i>
<i>six cases of dubious merit--</i>

584
00:28:05,226 --> 00:28:09,512
<i>Most defendants claiming</i>
<i>to have exposed unlawful</i>
<i>activity in the government.</i>

585
00:28:11,164 --> 00:28:13,299
<i>Most prominent was</i>
<i>bradley manning,</i>

586
00:28:13,333 --> 00:28:15,800
<i>An army intelligence</i>
<i>analyst in iraq,</i>

587
00:28:15,835 --> 00:28:18,403
<i>Who leaked over</i>
<i>260,000 classified</i>

588
00:28:18,437 --> 00:28:20,904
<i>Diplomatic cables</i>
<i>and war reports,</i>

589
00:28:20,939 --> 00:28:24,341
<i>As well as videos,</i>
<i>distributed by wikileaks,</i>

590
00:28:24,375 --> 00:28:27,477
<i>A non-profit whistleblower</i>
<i>media organization.</i>

591
00:28:27,511 --> 00:28:30,645
<i>These revelations</i>
<i>of u.S. War crimes in iraq</i>

592
00:28:30,680 --> 00:28:32,981
<i>And afghanistan,</i>
<i>and u.S. Support</i>

593
00:28:33,015 --> 00:28:35,316
<i>For dictatorial regimes</i>
<i>in the region</i>

594
00:28:35,350 --> 00:28:37,651
<i>Proved to be</i>
<i>a significant catalyst</i>

595
00:28:37,686 --> 00:28:41,321
<i>For the arab spring uprisings</i>
<i>in egypt, tunisia,</i>

596
00:28:41,355 --> 00:28:44,857
<i>Yemen, libya and bahrain.</i>

597
00:28:44,891 --> 00:28:47,593
<i>Nonetheless,</i>
<i>obama's administration has</i>

598
00:28:47,627 --> 00:28:50,695
<i>Severely impaired</i>
<i>the operation of wikileaks</i>

599
00:28:50,729 --> 00:28:53,331
<i>And threatens to prosecute</i>
<i>its co-founder.</i>

600
00:28:55,366 --> 00:28:59,002
<i>These actions sent a clear</i>
<i>message to all whistleblowers:</i>

601
00:28:59,036 --> 00:29:01,504
<i>Commit war crimes</i>
<i>like bush and cheney</i>

602
00:29:01,538 --> 00:29:03,506
<i>And you walk free.</i>

603
00:29:03,540 --> 00:29:05,657
<i>Expose them,</i>
<i>and you risk careers</i>

604
00:29:05,691 --> 00:29:07,325
<i>And huge fines.</i>

605
00:29:07,359 --> 00:29:11,261
<i>Or, like manning,</i>
<i>you rot in jail.</i>

606
00:29:11,296 --> 00:29:12,730
<i>One of the leading defenders</i>

607
00:29:12,764 --> 00:29:15,965
<i>Of the new standards</i>
<i>of conduct, jack goldsmith,</i>

608
00:29:15,999 --> 00:29:18,201
<i>Former head of the bush office</i>
<i>of legal counsel,</i>

609
00:29:18,235 --> 00:29:21,369
<i>Reassured cheney</i>
<i>and other anxious neocons</i>

610
00:29:21,404 --> 00:29:24,106
<i>In an article,</i>
<i>saying that obama was...</i>

611
00:29:24,140 --> 00:29:25,806
Goldsmith's voice:
<i>...Like nixon going to china.</i>

612
00:29:25,857 --> 00:29:28,309
<i>The changes he had made</i>
<i>are destined to fortify</i>

613
00:29:28,343 --> 00:29:31,444
<i>The bulk of the bush program</i>
<i>for the long run.</i>

614
00:29:31,479 --> 00:29:33,296
Stone:
<i>This was a new shadow world.</i>

615
00:29:33,330 --> 00:29:36,298
<i>In 2010, "the washington post"</i>
<i>called it</i>

616
00:29:36,332 --> 00:29:38,967
<i>"an alternative geography</i>
<i>of the United States,</i>

617
00:29:39,002 --> 00:29:40,902
<i>A top-secret america</i>

618
00:29:40,936 --> 00:29:42,804
<i>Hidden from public view."</i>

619
00:29:42,838 --> 00:29:46,640
<i>Almost a million and a half</i>
<i>people had top security</i>
<i>clearances.</i>

620
00:29:47,909 --> 00:29:50,109
<i>More than 3,000 government</i>

621
00:29:50,143 --> 00:29:53,913
<i>And private security</i>
<i>corporations existed.</i>

622
00:29:53,947 --> 00:29:57,482
<i>1.7 billion e-mails</i>
<i>and communications</i>

623
00:29:57,516 --> 00:29:59,684
<i>Were intercepted</i>
<i>and stored every day</i>

624
00:29:59,718 --> 00:30:02,219
<i>By the national</i>
<i>security agency.</i>

625
00:30:02,253 --> 00:30:04,688
<i>Political commentator</i>

626
00:30:04,722 --> 00:30:07,340
<i>And constitutional lawyer</i>
<i>glen greenwald</i>

627
00:30:07,374 --> 00:30:09,842
<i>Best described</i>
<i>this truly radical change</i>

628
00:30:09,877 --> 00:30:11,109
<i>In our world</i>
<i>when he wrote,</i>

629
00:30:11,144 --> 00:30:13,111
<i>"the core guarantee</i>
<i>of western justice</i>

630
00:30:13,146 --> 00:30:16,447
<i>Since the magna carta</i>
<i>was codified in the u.S.</i>

631
00:30:16,481 --> 00:30:18,816
<i>By the fifth amendment</i>
<i>to the constitution..."</i>

632
00:30:25,072 --> 00:30:28,991
<i>He might well have</i>
<i>added the fourth amendment</i>
<i>to the constitution...</i>

633
00:30:33,846 --> 00:30:36,797
<i>Without due process</i>
<i>and the right to privacy,</i>

634
00:30:36,831 --> 00:30:40,283
<i>Each of us is essentially</i>
<i>living at the mercy</i>

635
00:30:40,318 --> 00:30:41,951
<i>Of the surveillance state.</i>

636
00:30:41,985 --> 00:30:43,352
<i>All this in the name</i>

637
00:30:43,386 --> 00:30:46,688
<i>Of stopping a terrorist threat</i>

638
00:30:46,722 --> 00:30:50,258
<i>Blown wildly</i>
<i>out of proportion.</i>

639
00:30:50,292 --> 00:30:53,427
<i>Obama's foreign policy</i>
<i>seemed more reasonable</i>

640
00:30:53,461 --> 00:30:56,496
<i>Than bush's,</i>
<i>repudiating the unilateralism</i>

641
00:30:56,530 --> 00:30:59,832
<i>And preemption that had</i>
<i>so outraged world opinion.</i>

642
00:30:59,867 --> 00:31:04,302
<i>But the goal, embracing</i>
<i>u.S. Global domination,</i>
<i>differed little.</i>

643
00:31:04,337 --> 00:31:06,337
<i>And even the means</i>
<i>were frustratingly similar.</i>

644
00:31:06,371 --> 00:31:09,807
<i>In 2011, bush's former n.S.A.</i>

645
00:31:09,841 --> 00:31:13,676
<i>And c.I.A. Director,</i>
<i>general michael hayden,</i>

646
00:31:13,711 --> 00:31:16,144
<i>Took comfort</i>
<i>in the powerful continuity</i>

647
00:31:16,179 --> 00:31:17,946
<i>Between two</i>
<i>vastly different presidents,</i>

648
00:31:17,981 --> 00:31:20,015
<i>Saying that...</i>

649
00:31:20,049 --> 00:31:21,482
Hayden's voice:
<i>Americans have found</i>
<i>a comfortable center line</i>

650
00:31:21,517 --> 00:31:23,818
<i>In what it is they accept</i>
<i>their government doing.</i>

651
00:31:23,852 --> 00:31:24,986
Stone:
<i>He called it a...</i>

652
00:31:25,020 --> 00:31:27,521
<i>( hayden's voice )</i>

653
00:31:27,555 --> 00:31:30,690
Stone:
<i>His own experience</i>
<i>in foreign affairs limited,</i>

654
00:31:30,725 --> 00:31:34,026
<i>Obama surrounded himself</i>
<i>with hawkish advisors.</i>

655
00:31:34,060 --> 00:31:38,530
<i>Among them, bush holdover,</i>
<i>secretary of defense</i>
<i>robert gates,</i>

656
00:31:38,564 --> 00:31:44,034
<i>A hard-liner</i>
<i>from the bill casey</i>
<i>c.I.A. Era of the '80s.</i>

657
00:31:44,068 --> 00:31:46,869
<i>Hillary clinton,</i>
<i>as secretary of state,</i>

658
00:31:46,904 --> 00:31:49,021
<i>Was equally hawkish.</i>

659
00:31:49,056 --> 00:31:51,523
<i>In an early speech,</i>
<i>clinton presented</i>

660
00:31:51,557 --> 00:31:53,525
<i>A version of american history</i>
<i>steeped in</i>

661
00:31:53,559 --> 00:31:58,429
<i>Unvarnished triumphalism</i>
<i>and historical amnesia.</i>

662
00:31:58,463 --> 00:32:00,431
So let me say it clearly--

663
00:32:00,465 --> 00:32:04,601
The United States can,
must and will lead

664
00:32:04,635 --> 00:32:06,068
In this new century.

665
00:32:06,102 --> 00:32:07,903
<i>The third world war</i>

666
00:32:07,937 --> 00:32:11,073
<i>That so many feared</i>
<i>never came.</i>

667
00:32:11,106 --> 00:32:14,375
<i>And many millions of people</i>
<i>were lifted out of poverty,</i>

668
00:32:14,409 --> 00:32:18,044
And exercised their human rights
for the first time.

669
00:32:18,079 --> 00:32:20,547
Those were the benefits
of a global architecture

670
00:32:20,581 --> 00:32:22,448
Forged over many years

671
00:32:22,482 --> 00:32:26,218
By american leaders
from both political parties.

672
00:32:26,252 --> 00:32:28,519
Stone:
<i>It would be difficult</i>
<i>to find and ask</i>

673
00:32:28,554 --> 00:32:31,705
<i>The millions killed</i>
<i>over many decades</i>

674
00:32:31,723 --> 00:32:33,707
<i>Of american interference</i>
<i>in their countries</i>

675
00:32:33,725 --> 00:32:35,208
<i>What they thought.</i>

676
00:32:35,243 --> 00:32:37,643
<i>The people of hiroshima</i>
<i>and nagasaki,</i>

677
00:32:37,678 --> 00:32:40,246
<i>The philippines,</i>
<i>central america,</i>

678
00:32:40,280 --> 00:32:42,013
<i>Greece,</i>

679
00:32:42,048 --> 00:32:43,064
<i>Iran,</i>

680
00:32:43,099 --> 00:32:44,532
<i>Brazil, cuba,</i>

681
00:32:44,567 --> 00:32:45,767
<i>Congo,</i>

682
00:32:45,801 --> 00:32:46,967
<i>Indonesia, vietnam,</i>

683
00:32:47,002 --> 00:32:49,270
<i>Cambodia, laos,</i>

684
00:32:49,304 --> 00:32:51,205
<i>Chile, east timor,</i>

685
00:32:51,239 --> 00:32:52,238
<i>Iraq</i>

686
00:32:52,273 --> 00:32:53,973
<i>And afghanistan,</i>

687
00:32:54,008 --> 00:32:55,808
<i>Among others.</i>

688
00:32:55,843 --> 00:32:58,043
<i>In afghanistan, obama,</i>

689
00:32:58,077 --> 00:33:00,045
<i>Calling it</i>
<i>"a war of necessity,"</i>

690
00:33:00,079 --> 00:33:02,847
<i>Doubled down on bush.</i>

691
00:33:02,881 --> 00:33:06,350
<i>Pressure in late 2009</i>
<i>into sending more troops,</i>

692
00:33:06,385 --> 00:33:07,450
<i>He waivered.</i>

693
00:33:07,485 --> 00:33:09,119
<i>He was told by</i>
<i>a military advisor,</i>

694
00:33:09,153 --> 00:33:12,972
<i>"I don't see how you can defy</i>
<i>your military chain here,"</i>

695
00:33:13,006 --> 00:33:16,874
<i>Meaning that his high command</i>
<i>might resign in protest.</i>

696
00:33:16,909 --> 00:33:19,043
<i>C.I.A. Director leon panetta</i>
<i>told him,</i>

697
00:33:19,078 --> 00:33:22,846
<i>"no democratic president</i>
<i>can go against military advice,</i>

698
00:33:22,880 --> 00:33:25,349
<i>Especially if he asks for it.</i>
<i>So just do it,"</i>

699
00:33:25,383 --> 00:33:27,683
<i>He recommended.</i>
<i>"do what they say."</i>

700
00:33:27,718 --> 00:33:29,118
<i>When it came down</i>
<i>to his decision,</i>

701
00:33:29,152 --> 00:33:32,837
<i>Obama did not show</i>
<i>the courage of a john kennedy.</i>

702
00:33:32,872 --> 00:33:37,207
<i>In December,</i>
<i>he announced another</i>
<i>30,000 troop increase</i>

703
00:33:37,242 --> 00:33:39,677
<i>To reach almost 100,000--</i>

704
00:33:39,711 --> 00:33:41,745
<i>About the same number</i>
<i>the soviets had deployed</i>

705
00:33:41,780 --> 00:33:44,781
<i>In their disastrous invasion</i>
<i>of afghanistan.</i>

706
00:33:44,815 --> 00:33:46,783
<i>He announced</i>
<i>the troop increase</i>

707
00:33:46,817 --> 00:33:49,351
<i>At westpoint,</i>
<i>reminding the cadets</i>

708
00:33:49,385 --> 00:33:51,853
<i>That the u.S. Had invaded</i>
<i>afghanistan</i>

709
00:33:51,888 --> 00:33:54,588
<i>Because it had provided</i>
<i>sanctuary for al qaeda.</i>

710
00:33:54,623 --> 00:33:57,424
<i>But he neglected to mention</i>
<i>that most of the preparation</i>

711
00:33:57,458 --> 00:34:00,760
<i>For 9/11 took place</i>
<i>not in afghanistan,</i>

712
00:34:00,795 --> 00:34:03,762
<i>But in apartments</i>
<i>in germany and Spain</i>

713
00:34:03,797 --> 00:34:05,764
<i>And flight schools</i>
<i>in the u.S.,</i>

714
00:34:05,799 --> 00:34:09,968
<i>Or that only 50 to 100</i>
<i>of al qaeda's 300 cadre</i>

715
00:34:10,002 --> 00:34:11,169
<i>Were actually</i>

716
00:34:11,203 --> 00:34:12,970
<i>Left in afghanistan,</i>

717
00:34:13,004 --> 00:34:15,539
<i>And that most were</i>
<i>now in pakistan,</i>

718
00:34:15,573 --> 00:34:17,040
<i>An ally.</i>

719
00:34:17,075 --> 00:34:19,141
<i>That the president</i>
<i>waging two wars</i>

720
00:34:19,176 --> 00:34:21,310
<i>Would receive</i>
<i>the nobel peace prize</i>

721
00:34:21,345 --> 00:34:24,612
<i>That same month was surreal</i>
<i>in the first place.</i>

722
00:34:24,647 --> 00:34:26,448
<i>But when the world heard</i>

723
00:34:26,482 --> 00:34:27,948
<i>Obama's defense</i>

724
00:34:27,983 --> 00:34:31,285
<i>Of american unilateralism</i>
<i>and preemption,</i>

725
00:34:31,319 --> 00:34:34,620
<i>The meaning of the prize</i>
<i>had been diminished,</i>

726
00:34:34,655 --> 00:34:38,940
<i>As it had by kissinger</i>
<i>36 years earlier.</i>

727
00:34:38,975 --> 00:34:41,259
I believe the United States
of america must remain

728
00:34:41,294 --> 00:34:45,096
A standard bearer
in the conduct of war.

729
00:34:45,130 --> 00:34:48,932
That is what makes us different
from those whom we fight.

730
00:34:48,966 --> 00:34:52,002
Stone:
<i>Obama feared getting</i>
<i>bogged down in afghanistan,</i>

731
00:34:52,036 --> 00:34:54,870
<i>As johnson had in vietnam.</i>

732
00:34:54,904 --> 00:34:56,138
<i>What the backward,</i>

733
00:34:56,172 --> 00:34:58,406
<i>Dirt-poor, overwhelmingly</i>

734
00:34:58,440 --> 00:35:00,208
<i>Illiterate afghans needed</i>

735
00:35:00,242 --> 00:35:03,710
<i>Was economic aid, education</i>
<i>and social reform.</i>

736
00:35:03,745 --> 00:35:05,078
<i>The u.S. Spent</i>

737
00:35:05,113 --> 00:35:08,581
<i>$110 billion</i>
<i>on military programs</i>

738
00:35:08,615 --> 00:35:11,417
<i>In 2011, but only $2 billion</i>

739
00:35:11,451 --> 00:35:13,918
<i>For sustainable development.</i>

740
00:35:13,953 --> 00:35:15,120
<i>With big u.S. Money</i>

741
00:35:15,154 --> 00:35:17,122
<i>Floating around,</i>
<i>as in vietnam,</i>

742
00:35:17,156 --> 00:35:19,623
<i>Corruption reached</i>
<i>epic proportions.</i>

743
00:35:19,657 --> 00:35:22,059
<i>Mistrust between</i>
<i>the supposed nato</i>

744
00:35:22,093 --> 00:35:24,560
<i>And afghan allies soared.</i>

745
00:35:24,595 --> 00:35:27,363
<i>The u.S.-Backed president</i>
<i>hamid karzai</i>

746
00:35:27,398 --> 00:35:28,630
<i>Announced that he would</i>

747
00:35:28,664 --> 00:35:32,134
<i>Support pakistan</i>
<i>if it should go to war</i>

748
00:35:32,168 --> 00:35:33,801
<i>With the u.S.</i>

749
00:35:33,835 --> 00:35:37,138
<i>By 2012, afghan soldiers</i>
<i>and police</i>

750
00:35:37,172 --> 00:35:39,973
<i>Were killing u.S. Troops</i>
<i>with such increasing regularity</i>

751
00:35:40,007 --> 00:35:43,442
<i>That the forces had to be</i>
<i>increasingly separated.</i>

752
00:35:43,476 --> 00:35:46,779
<i>Meanwhile, bedraggled,</i>
<i>demoralized u.S. Forces</i>

753
00:35:46,813 --> 00:35:49,614
<i>Left iraq in December 2011.</i>

754
00:35:49,648 --> 00:35:52,949
<i>Almost 4500 u.S. Troops</i>
<i>would not come home,</i>

755
00:35:52,984 --> 00:35:55,952
<i>More than 32,000 wounded,</i>

756
00:35:55,987 --> 00:35:57,721
<i>Many of them severely.</i>

757
00:35:57,755 --> 00:36:00,222
<i>Iraqi death counts</i>
<i>ranged from 150,000</i>

758
00:36:00,257 --> 00:36:01,957
<i>To over a million.</i>

759
00:36:01,992 --> 00:36:04,993
<i>Two million iraqis</i>
<i>fled the country.</i>

760
00:36:05,027 --> 00:36:07,328
<i>The irony was exquisite.</i>

761
00:36:07,363 --> 00:36:11,498
<i>In deposing the sunni hussein,</i>
<i>the United States had turned</i>

762
00:36:11,533 --> 00:36:14,300
<i>The new shiite-dominated iraq</i>

763
00:36:14,334 --> 00:36:17,036
<i>Into a valuable ally of iran,</i>

764
00:36:17,071 --> 00:36:19,938
<i>Which ended up</i>
<i>the war's biggest winner.</i>

765
00:36:23,009 --> 00:36:25,309
<i>Bush officials</i>
<i>had estimated the iraq war</i>

766
00:36:25,343 --> 00:36:28,144
<i>To cost $50 to $60 billion.</i>

767
00:36:28,179 --> 00:36:31,181
<i>Rumsfeld had called anything</i>
<i>above 100 billion "baloney."</i>

768
00:36:31,215 --> 00:36:34,283
<i>By 2008</i>
<i>when bush left office,</i>

769
00:36:34,317 --> 00:36:37,553
<i>The u.S. Had spent</i>
<i>some $700 billion on the war,</i>

770
00:36:37,587 --> 00:36:40,588
<i>Not including</i>
<i>long-term care for veterans.</i>

771
00:36:40,622 --> 00:36:43,590
<i>Economists project</i>
<i>total long-term costs</i>

772
00:36:43,624 --> 00:36:45,625
<i>As high as 3 trillion.</i>

773
00:36:47,295 --> 00:36:50,763
<i>Obama welcomed the troops home</i>
<i>at fort bragg, north carolina,</i>

774
00:36:50,797 --> 00:36:54,866
<i>Ensuring that the end</i>
<i>of the war would be as</i>
<i>dishonest as its beginning.</i>

775
00:36:54,900 --> 00:36:59,570
But we're leaving behind
a sovereign, stable and
self-reliant iraq.

776
00:36:59,604 --> 00:37:02,139
Unlike the old empires,

777
00:37:02,173 --> 00:37:05,975
We don't make
these sacrifices

778
00:37:06,009 --> 00:37:08,344
For territory
or for resources.

779
00:37:12,582 --> 00:37:14,548
We do it
because it's right.

780
00:37:14,583 --> 00:37:17,751
<i>Never forget that you are</i>
<i>part of an unbroken line</i>

781
00:37:17,786 --> 00:37:20,186
<i>Of heroes</i>
<i>spanning two centuries.</i>

782
00:37:20,221 --> 00:37:22,188
<i>To your grandparents</i>
<i>and parents</i>

783
00:37:22,223 --> 00:37:24,506
<i>Who faced down fascism</i>
<i>and communism</i>

784
00:37:24,524 --> 00:37:25,624
<i>And delivered justice</i>

785
00:37:25,675 --> 00:37:27,643
To those who attacked us
on 9/11.

786
00:37:27,677 --> 00:37:31,145
Stone:
<i>Thus sanctioning,</i>
<i>once again, bush's lie</i>

787
00:37:31,180 --> 00:37:34,481
<i>About the connection</i>
<i>of 9/11 to iraq.</i>

788
00:37:34,515 --> 00:37:36,349
<i>The words were barely</i>
<i>out of his mouth</i>

789
00:37:36,384 --> 00:37:39,051
<i>Before iraq was racked</i>
<i>with a new series</i>

790
00:37:39,085 --> 00:37:41,187
<i>Of deadly suicide bombings.</i>

791
00:37:41,221 --> 00:37:44,756
<i>To this day, iraq teeters</i>
<i>on the edge of civil war.</i>

792
00:37:44,790 --> 00:37:48,426
<i>Among the two wars'</i>
<i>fiercest critics</i>

793
00:37:48,460 --> 00:37:49,743
<i>Were the nation's mayors,</i>

794
00:37:49,777 --> 00:37:53,213
<i>Who gathered in baltimore</i>
<i>in June 2011</i>

795
00:37:53,248 --> 00:37:57,250
<i>And called for using</i>
<i>$126 billion in savings</i>

796
00:37:57,284 --> 00:38:00,585
<i>From these wars</i>
<i>to rebuild the nation's cities.</i>

797
00:38:00,620 --> 00:38:03,388
<i>The mayor of los angeles</i>
<i>was quoted as saying...</i>

798
00:38:03,422 --> 00:38:05,923
Villaraigosa's voice:
<i>That we would build bridges</i>
<i>in baghdad and kandahar</i>

799
00:38:05,957 --> 00:38:08,592
<i>And not baltimore</i>
<i>and kansas city</i>

800
00:38:08,627 --> 00:38:11,461
<i>Absolutely boggles the mind.</i>

801
00:38:12,530 --> 00:38:14,429
Stone:
<i>For the american people,</i>

802
00:38:14,464 --> 00:38:16,064
<i>Deadened to these wars,</i>

803
00:38:16,099 --> 00:38:19,567
<i>A single bright spot</i>
<i>in this foreign miasma</i>

804
00:38:19,601 --> 00:38:21,936
<i>Came in may 2011--</i>

805
00:38:21,970 --> 00:38:23,971
<i>A bold cross-border raid</i>

806
00:38:24,006 --> 00:38:26,456
<i>At night by navy seals</i>

807
00:38:26,490 --> 00:38:28,558
<i>Killed osama bin laden,</i>

808
00:38:28,593 --> 00:38:31,810
<i>Living comfortably</i>
<i>in the shadow of pakistan's</i>

809
00:38:31,845 --> 00:38:34,379
<i>Premier military academy.</i>

810
00:38:34,413 --> 00:38:35,480
<i>In the euphoria</i>

811
00:38:35,514 --> 00:38:37,932
<i>The raid created</i>
<i>in the u.S.,</i>

812
00:38:37,966 --> 00:38:40,517
<i>Celebrating the skill</i>
<i>and power of the seals</i>

813
00:38:40,568 --> 00:38:43,871
<i>Who had executed</i>
<i>bin laden vigilante-style</i>

814
00:38:43,905 --> 00:38:46,372
<i>And dumped</i>
<i>his body at sea,</i>

815
00:38:46,406 --> 00:38:48,824
<i>A new profile</i>
<i>was created for obama,</i>

816
00:38:48,876 --> 00:38:51,826
<i>As unlike bush,</i>
<i>an effective war president</i>

817
00:38:51,861 --> 00:38:54,745
<i>Who would,</i>
<i>by any means necessary,</i>

818
00:38:54,779 --> 00:38:56,380
<i>Hunt down the enemy.</i>

819
00:38:56,414 --> 00:39:00,350
<i>In fact, really a wolf</i>
<i>in sheep's clothing.</i>

820
00:39:00,384 --> 00:39:03,686
After a firefight,
they killed osama bin laden

821
00:39:03,721 --> 00:39:05,787
And took custody
of his body.

822
00:39:05,822 --> 00:39:07,789
Stone:
<i>A celebrated movie even implied</i>

823
00:39:07,824 --> 00:39:09,757
<i>Torture as effective</i>

824
00:39:09,791 --> 00:39:11,742
<i>In finding bin laden.</i>

825
00:39:11,777 --> 00:39:14,345
<i>Though, in fact,</i>
<i>it had been ordinary police</i>

826
00:39:14,379 --> 00:39:16,846
<i>And espionage work</i>
<i>that located him</i>

827
00:39:16,881 --> 00:39:18,548
<i>After almost 10 years.</i>

828
00:39:19,583 --> 00:39:21,550
For god and country,

829
00:39:21,585 --> 00:39:23,352
Geronimo is k.I.A.

830
00:39:23,386 --> 00:39:25,853
- ( chuckles )
- man: <i>Oh my god.</i>

831
00:39:25,888 --> 00:39:28,890
Stone:
<i>Nonetheless, america's</i>
<i>capacity for self-love</i>

832
00:39:28,924 --> 00:39:31,391
<i>Was again in full flower.</i>

833
00:39:31,426 --> 00:39:34,061
<i>And there were no troubling</i>
<i>discussions of bringing</i>

834
00:39:34,095 --> 00:39:36,362
<i>A wounded bin laden back</i>

835
00:39:36,396 --> 00:39:38,898
<i>For imprisonment</i>
<i>and trial,</i>

836
00:39:38,932 --> 00:39:41,749
<i>As the United States</i>
<i>had done at nuremberg,</i>

837
00:39:41,767 --> 00:39:46,370
<i>Where the nazi defendants</i>
<i>were unmasked and diminished.</i>

838
00:39:46,404 --> 00:39:49,923
<i>But a trial was the last thing</i>
<i>most americans wanted.</i>

839
00:39:49,957 --> 00:39:51,824
<i>Those who accepted torture</i>

840
00:39:51,859 --> 00:39:55,593
<i>Could tolerate</i>
<i>vigilante justice.</i>

841
00:39:55,612 --> 00:39:59,164
<i>But who was</i>
<i>the real victor here?</i>

842
00:39:59,198 --> 00:40:02,166
<i>After estimated trillions</i>
<i>of dollars spent in two wars,</i>

843
00:40:02,200 --> 00:40:05,502
<i>Hundreds of thousands</i>
<i>of dead worldwide,</i>

844
00:40:05,536 --> 00:40:07,270
<i>An endless war on terror,</i>

845
00:40:07,305 --> 00:40:09,272
<i>The loss of civil liberties</i>
<i>and confidence</i>

846
00:40:09,307 --> 00:40:12,091
<i>In one presidency</i>

847
00:40:12,125 --> 00:40:16,861
<i>And the near-collapse</i>
<i>of the empire's financial</i>
<i>structure along with it,</i>

848
00:40:16,895 --> 00:40:19,530
<i>It can be said</i>
<i>by a neutral observer</i>

849
00:40:19,565 --> 00:40:22,466
<i>That at the least</i>
<i>the u.S. Had won</i>

850
00:40:22,500 --> 00:40:24,967
<i>A pyrrhic victory</i>
<i>in which its losses</i>

851
00:40:25,002 --> 00:40:27,403
<i>Had made victory pointless.</i>

852
00:40:27,437 --> 00:40:29,939
<i>Bin laden,</i>
<i>with his twisted vision</i>

853
00:40:29,973 --> 00:40:32,440
<i>Of a new caliphate,</i>
<i>was dead,</i>

854
00:40:32,475 --> 00:40:34,809
<i>But had achieved far more</i>
<i>than he ever dreamed.</i>

855
00:40:34,844 --> 00:40:38,579
<i>He goaded the largest,</i>
<i>most powerful empire</i>
<i>in history</i>

856
00:40:38,613 --> 00:40:40,113
<i>To reveal its worst nature.</i>

857
00:40:40,147 --> 00:40:43,283
<i>And like the wizard of oz,</i>

858
00:40:43,317 --> 00:40:45,634
<i>It didn't look so great</i>
<i>and mighty.</i>

859
00:40:45,668 --> 00:40:46,969
Who are you?

860
00:40:47,003 --> 00:40:49,805
Oh, I-- I--
I am the great
and powerful...

861
00:40:49,839 --> 00:40:51,622
( meekly )
wizard of oz.

862
00:40:51,657 --> 00:40:53,474
Stone:
<i>Bin laden's martyrdom</i>

863
00:40:53,508 --> 00:40:55,608
<i>In the eyes of his followers,</i>

864
00:40:55,643 --> 00:40:57,444
<i>Cemented his place</i>
<i>in the history books</i>

865
00:40:57,478 --> 00:41:00,612
<i>As a catalyst</i>
<i>who weakened and perhaps</i>

866
00:41:00,647 --> 00:41:03,449
<i>Helped destroy</i>
<i>the old world order.</i>

867
00:41:03,483 --> 00:41:04,917
<i>Some might call him</i>

868
00:41:04,951 --> 00:41:08,152
<i>The hannibal</i>
<i>or attila of roman myth,</i>

869
00:41:08,187 --> 00:41:10,554
<i>A robespierre to</i>
<i>the old french order,</i>

870
00:41:10,588 --> 00:41:12,222
<i>Lenin to czarist russia,</i>

871
00:41:12,256 --> 00:41:15,558
<i>Even a modern hitler</i>
<i>to the british empire,</i>

872
00:41:15,592 --> 00:41:18,361
<i>Which came to its end</i>
<i>in his wake.</i>

873
00:41:18,395 --> 00:41:20,029
<i>Bin laden was gone.</i>

874
00:41:20,063 --> 00:41:21,997
<i>But what would</i>
<i>the United States do now?</i>

875
00:41:22,031 --> 00:41:23,164
<i>Still tormented</i>

876
00:41:23,199 --> 00:41:25,832
<i>By its demons,</i>
<i>it turned its gaze</i>

877
00:41:25,850 --> 00:41:28,218
<i>Fully to china</i>
<i>as a new threat</i>

878
00:41:28,269 --> 00:41:31,304
<i>And persisted in</i>
<i>treating russia</i>

879
00:41:31,338 --> 00:41:33,940
<i>As an old one,</i>
<i>as well as maintaining iran,</i>

880
00:41:33,974 --> 00:41:37,776
<i>North korea and venezuela</i>
<i>as regional threats.</i>

881
00:41:39,362 --> 00:41:40,995
<i>Seeking to find</i>
<i>a more efficient,</i>

882
00:41:41,029 --> 00:41:44,865
<i>Leaner form of warfare,</i>
<i>obama in 2012 announced...</i>

883
00:41:54,441 --> 00:41:57,809
<i>First used for surveillance</i>
<i>in vietnam, the drone,</i>

884
00:41:57,843 --> 00:42:00,495
<i>When equipped with missiles,</i>
<i>was now becoming</i>

885
00:42:00,529 --> 00:42:02,396
<i>The modern face of warfare</i>

886
00:42:02,430 --> 00:42:04,831
<i>And obama's weapon of choice.</i>

887
00:42:04,866 --> 00:42:08,401
<i>He personally began selecting</i>
<i>those on the kill list.</i>

888
00:42:08,435 --> 00:42:11,669
<i>Prior to 9/11, the united</i>
<i>states had opposed</i>

889
00:42:11,704 --> 00:42:16,106
<i>Extra-judicial targeted killing</i>
<i>by other nations,</i>

890
00:42:16,141 --> 00:42:18,942
<i>Condemning israel's</i>
<i>targeting of palestinians.</i>

891
00:42:18,977 --> 00:42:22,612
<i>But by 2012, the air force</i>
<i>and c.I.A. Were deploying</i>

892
00:42:22,646 --> 00:42:25,281
<i>A 7,000 drone armada,</i>

893
00:42:25,315 --> 00:42:28,950
<i>Used mostly in afghanistan,</i>
<i>iraq and pakistan.</i>

894
00:42:28,985 --> 00:42:30,852
<i>Obama expanded its usage</i>

895
00:42:30,887 --> 00:42:34,221
<i>To yemen in 2009,</i>

896
00:42:34,256 --> 00:42:36,923
<i>Where there were fewer</i>
<i>than 300 militants.</i>

897
00:42:36,957 --> 00:42:39,926
<i>By mid-2012,</i>
<i>that number had increased</i>

898
00:42:39,960 --> 00:42:42,928
<i>To over 1,000,</i>
<i>as a steady barrage</i>

899
00:42:42,962 --> 00:42:45,264
<i>Of u.S. Drone attacks</i>

900
00:42:45,298 --> 00:42:47,098
<i>Outraged yemeni citizens.</i>

901
00:42:47,132 --> 00:42:49,167
<i>By 2012, obama added</i>

902
00:42:49,201 --> 00:42:53,470
<i>Gaddafi's libyan supporters,</i>
<i>islamic rebels</i>

903
00:42:53,504 --> 00:42:55,072
<i>In the philippines</i>

904
00:42:55,106 --> 00:42:57,239
<i>And somalia</i>
<i>to the drone list.</i>

905
00:42:57,274 --> 00:43:00,242
<i>The repercussions</i>
<i>of this style of warfare</i>

906
00:43:00,277 --> 00:43:02,477
<i>Are yet to be experienced.</i>

907
00:43:02,511 --> 00:43:05,647
<i>The number of civilian</i>
<i>casualties of these attacks</i>

908
00:43:05,681 --> 00:43:08,982
<i>Are fiercely contested</i>
<i>by the u.S. Government</i>

909
00:43:09,017 --> 00:43:11,484
<i>And several human rights</i>
<i>organizations.</i>

910
00:43:11,518 --> 00:43:15,254
<i>When the judge</i>
<i>asked the pakistani-born</i>
<i>"time square bomber"</i>

911
00:43:15,289 --> 00:43:18,657
<i>How he could risk killing</i>
<i>innocent women and children,</i>

912
00:43:18,691 --> 00:43:22,309
<i>He replied that u.S. Drones</i>
<i>were regularly</i>

913
00:43:22,344 --> 00:43:25,679
<i>Killing women and children</i>
<i>in afghanistan</i>

914
00:43:25,714 --> 00:43:28,314
<i>And pakistan.</i>

915
00:43:28,365 --> 00:43:30,400
<i>The cat was certainly</i>
<i>out of the bag.</i>

916
00:43:30,434 --> 00:43:32,934
<i>And by 2012,</i>

917
00:43:32,952 --> 00:43:35,454
<i>More than 50 countries,</i>
<i>some friendly</i>

918
00:43:35,488 --> 00:43:37,772
<i>And some hostile</i>
<i>to the u.S.,</i>

919
00:43:37,806 --> 00:43:39,774
<i>Had purchased drones.</i>

920
00:43:39,808 --> 00:43:42,592
<i>Israel, russia, india</i>
<i>and iran claimed</i>

921
00:43:42,627 --> 00:43:45,195
<i>To have mastered</i>
<i>manufacturing lethal ones.</i>

922
00:43:45,246 --> 00:43:49,348
<i>But the most dynamic program</i>
<i>was china's.</i>

923
00:43:49,382 --> 00:43:52,350
<i>As with the nuclear bomb,</i>
<i>a new arms race was on.</i>

924
00:43:52,384 --> 00:43:54,119
<i>Bush had continued</i>

925
00:43:54,153 --> 00:43:58,689
<i>Clinton's expansion</i>
<i>of nato bases closer to russia,</i>

926
00:43:58,723 --> 00:44:01,691
<i>Breaking his father's promise</i>
<i>to gorbachev.</i>

927
00:44:01,725 --> 00:44:05,995
<i>Obama expanded nato</i>
<i>to albania an croatia.</i>

928
00:44:06,029 --> 00:44:10,232
<i>And despite abandoning</i>
<i>500 bases in iraq,</i>

929
00:44:10,266 --> 00:44:13,400
<i>The obama administration,</i>
<i>in addition to an estimated</i>

930
00:44:13,435 --> 00:44:15,903
<i>6,000 bases in the u.S.,</i>
<i>is maintaining</i>

931
00:44:15,937 --> 00:44:18,738
<i>Close to 1,000</i>
<i>overseas bases</i>

932
00:44:18,772 --> 00:44:20,240
<i>That span the globe.</i>

933
00:44:20,274 --> 00:44:23,575
<i>The u.S. Had,</i>
<i>by late 2007,</i>

934
00:44:23,610 --> 00:44:25,911
<i>Gained a military presence,</i>

935
00:44:25,945 --> 00:44:28,246
<i>According to stanford's</i>
<i>chalmers johnson,</i>

936
00:44:28,280 --> 00:44:33,283
<i>In 151 of 192</i>
<i>u.N. Member nations.</i>

937
00:44:44,360 --> 00:44:47,995
<i>In 2008, africom,</i>
<i>based in germany,</i>

938
00:44:48,029 --> 00:44:51,014
<i>Was added</i>
<i>as a sixth command responsible</i>

939
00:44:51,049 --> 00:44:54,317
<i>For growing u.S. Military</i>
<i>presence in africa.</i>

940
00:44:54,351 --> 00:44:56,385
<i>Southcom, based in miami,</i>

941
00:44:56,420 --> 00:44:59,354
<i>Was reorganized in 2010</i>

942
00:44:59,388 --> 00:45:03,524
<i>To increase u.S. Military</i>
<i>presence in latin america</i>

943
00:45:03,558 --> 00:45:05,893
<i>With bases</i>
<i>and surveillance systems,</i>

944
00:45:05,927 --> 00:45:09,445
<i>Counter-drug</i>
<i>and counter-insurgency</i>
<i>programs targeting...</i>

945
00:45:12,465 --> 00:45:14,466
<i>"...As seen in venezuela."</i>

946
00:45:14,517 --> 00:45:17,802
<i>The fourth fleet</i>
<i>was reactivated in 2008</i>

947
00:45:17,836 --> 00:45:19,804
<i>For the first time since</i>
<i>world war ii.</i>

948
00:45:19,838 --> 00:45:22,973
<i>The navy now has</i>
<i>10 carrier strike groups</i>

949
00:45:23,007 --> 00:45:25,809
<i>Patrolling</i>
<i>international waters.</i>

950
00:45:25,843 --> 00:45:27,643
Announcer:
<i>America's navy,</i>

951
00:45:27,677 --> 00:45:30,546
<i>A global force for good.</i>

952
00:45:30,597 --> 00:45:33,198
Stone: <i>In 2011,</i>
<i>the u.S. Sold an astonishing</i>

953
00:45:33,232 --> 00:45:35,700
<i>78% of the world's arms.</i>

954
00:45:35,734 --> 00:45:37,302
<i>During the bush years,</i>

955
00:45:37,336 --> 00:45:39,469
<i>Pentagon spending</i>
<i>more than doubled</i>

956
00:45:39,504 --> 00:45:41,104
<i>To 700 billion dollars.</i>

957
00:45:41,139 --> 00:45:43,105
<i>Although the real</i>
<i>pentagon budget</i>

958
00:45:43,140 --> 00:45:44,707
<i>Blurs into secret functions</i>

959
00:45:44,741 --> 00:45:46,943
<i>And different departments</i>
<i>of government,</i>

960
00:45:46,977 --> 00:45:51,279
<i>By 2010,</i>
<i>according to the national</i>
<i>priorities project,</i>

961
00:45:51,314 --> 00:45:54,648
<i>The u.S. Actually spends</i>
<i>an estimated...</i>

962
00:46:00,087 --> 00:46:01,187
<i>...On military,</i>

963
00:46:01,222 --> 00:46:03,021
<i>Intelligence</i>
<i>and homeland security--</i>

964
00:46:04,457 --> 00:46:08,526
<i>A full spectrum dominance</i>
<i>of land, sea, air,</i>

965
00:46:08,560 --> 00:46:10,528
<i>Space and cyberspace.</i>

966
00:46:10,562 --> 00:46:13,530
<i>In November 2011,</i>

967
00:46:13,564 --> 00:46:15,031
<i>Secretary of state clinton</i>

968
00:46:15,066 --> 00:46:17,200
<i>Threw down the gauntlet</i>
<i>on china, writing...</i>

969
00:46:26,609 --> 00:46:28,108
<i>Calling this...</i>

970
00:46:29,944 --> 00:46:33,579
<i>She meant a substantially</i>
<i>increased military</i>
<i>involvement</i>

971
00:46:33,614 --> 00:46:38,316
<i>In the asia/pacific region</i>
<i>to contain china.</i>

972
00:46:38,351 --> 00:46:40,619
<i>Beginning with the opium wars</i>
<i>in the 19th century,</i>

973
00:46:40,653 --> 00:46:44,271
<i>China has been</i>
<i>humiliated time and again</i>
<i>by stronger foes--</i>

974
00:46:44,306 --> 00:46:47,074
<i>Britain, japan, russia.</i>

975
00:46:47,108 --> 00:46:48,875
<i>It fought</i>
<i>the u.S. To a standoff</i>

976
00:46:48,926 --> 00:46:52,045
<i>In korea</i>
<i>in the early 1950s.</i>

977
00:46:52,079 --> 00:46:53,712
<i>China is a proud nation--</i>

978
00:46:53,746 --> 00:46:55,297
<i>The world's</i>
<i>second-largest economy.</i>

979
00:46:55,331 --> 00:46:57,532
<i>A hybrid--</i>
<i>part state-owned,</i>

980
00:46:57,567 --> 00:46:59,767
<i>Part-capitalist--</i>
<i>it has replaced the u.S.</i>

981
00:46:59,801 --> 00:47:02,403
<i>As asia's main trading partner.</i>

982
00:47:02,437 --> 00:47:06,573
<i>But in 1996, chinese leaders</i>
<i>were humiliated again</i>

983
00:47:06,607 --> 00:47:08,907
<i>By u.S. Nuclear</i>
<i>missile-rattling</i>

984
00:47:08,942 --> 00:47:12,711
<i>During another confrontation</i>
<i>over taiwan.</i>

985
00:47:12,746 --> 00:47:14,746
<i>And with its economic interests</i>

986
00:47:14,780 --> 00:47:16,931
<i>And shipping lanes to protect,</i>

987
00:47:16,966 --> 00:47:19,883
<i>It set out</i>
<i>to modernize its military.</i>

988
00:47:19,917 --> 00:47:22,552
<i>In 2012,</i>
<i>the pentagon estimated</i>

989
00:47:22,587 --> 00:47:26,188
<i>Chinese expenditures</i>
<i>of $160 billion.</i>

990
00:47:26,223 --> 00:47:30,175
<i>But given the secrecy</i>
<i>of the chinese system,</i>

991
00:47:30,209 --> 00:47:33,178
<i>The real budget is</i>
<i>unknowable at this time.</i>

992
00:47:33,212 --> 00:47:35,846
<i>Although it has only</i>
<i>one foreign base,</i>

993
00:47:35,880 --> 00:47:38,531
<i>Its hard line over</i>
<i>disputed oil, gas</i>

994
00:47:38,565 --> 00:47:39,932
<i>And mineral-rich islands</i>

995
00:47:39,967 --> 00:47:42,935
<i>And territories in the east</i>
<i>and south china seas</i>

996
00:47:42,970 --> 00:47:44,303
<i>Have escalated tensions</i>

997
00:47:44,337 --> 00:47:47,172
<i>With its regional neighbors.</i>

998
00:47:47,206 --> 00:47:48,639
<i>Internally, the government,</i>

999
00:47:48,674 --> 00:47:51,342
<i>Communist in name only,</i>

1000
00:47:51,376 --> 00:47:53,177
<i>Remains politically backward--</i>

1001
00:47:53,211 --> 00:47:54,344
<i>Determined at any cost</i>

1002
00:47:54,378 --> 00:47:56,146
<i>To modernize,</i>

1003
00:47:56,180 --> 00:47:57,547
<i>And brutally willing</i>

1004
00:47:57,581 --> 00:48:00,215
<i>To stifle dissent</i>
<i>where its one-party rule</i>

1005
00:48:00,250 --> 00:48:02,534
<i>Has been questioned.</i>

1006
00:48:02,569 --> 00:48:03,668
<i>Western democracies,</i>

1007
00:48:03,702 --> 00:48:05,169
<i>While doing business</i>
<i>with china,</i>

1008
00:48:05,204 --> 00:48:07,238
<i>Have condemned</i>
<i>these policies</i>

1009
00:48:07,272 --> 00:48:09,923
<i>To little avail.</i>
<i>But more ominously,</i>

1010
00:48:09,957 --> 00:48:12,459
<i>China has again attracted</i>

1011
00:48:12,493 --> 00:48:14,560
<i>The wrath of china-bashing</i>

1012
00:48:14,594 --> 00:48:15,861
<i>American hard-liners</i>

1013
00:48:15,896 --> 00:48:18,431
<i>Whose animosity dates back</i>

1014
00:48:18,465 --> 00:48:20,098
<i>To the mccarthy era.</i>

1015
00:48:20,132 --> 00:48:23,501
<i>A new face-off is</i>
<i>in the works.</i>

1016
00:48:23,536 --> 00:48:24,835
<i>The u.S. Has returned to asia,</i>

1017
00:48:24,869 --> 00:48:26,236
<i>Seeking new alliances,</i>

1018
00:48:26,254 --> 00:48:28,238
<i>Re-balancing its fleet,</i>

1019
00:48:28,273 --> 00:48:30,073
<i>Deploying its top</i>
<i>stealth war planes</i>

1020
00:48:30,107 --> 00:48:32,208
<i>To bases within</i>
<i>striking distance</i>

1021
00:48:32,242 --> 00:48:34,476
<i>Of china by 2017.</i>

1022
00:48:34,510 --> 00:48:36,812
<i>It has strengthened</i>
<i>military alliances</i>

1023
00:48:36,846 --> 00:48:37,979
<i>With china's neighbors,</i>

1024
00:48:38,014 --> 00:48:40,648
<i>Particularly japan,</i>
<i>south korea,</i>

1025
00:48:40,682 --> 00:48:42,817
<i>Taiwan, and the philippines,</i>

1026
00:48:42,851 --> 00:48:46,219
<i>Sending 2500 marines</i>
<i>to australia--</i>

1027
00:48:46,253 --> 00:48:48,887
<i>The first long-term</i>
<i>troop increase in asia</i>

1028
00:48:48,922 --> 00:48:50,556
<i>Since vietnam.</i>

1029
00:48:50,590 --> 00:48:52,725
<i>The chinese were deeply angry</i>

1030
00:48:52,759 --> 00:48:54,392
<i>Over the obama administration's</i>

1031
00:48:54,426 --> 00:48:56,027
<i>New arms sales of some</i>

1032
00:48:56,061 --> 00:49:00,197
<i>$12 billion to taiwan</i>
<i>in 2010 and '11.</i>

1033
00:49:00,231 --> 00:49:01,698
<i>They have accused the u.S.</i>

1034
00:49:01,733 --> 00:49:03,700
<i>Of seeking</i>
<i>to encircle them.</i>

1035
00:49:03,735 --> 00:49:05,601
<i>The fear of the u.S.</i>

1036
00:49:05,635 --> 00:49:08,471
<i>By others</i>
<i>cannot be underestimated.</i>

1037
00:49:08,505 --> 00:49:11,473
<i>As the late conservative</i>
<i>political scientist</i>

1038
00:49:11,507 --> 00:49:15,459
<i>Samuel huntington</i>
<i>acknowledged in 1996,</i>

1039
00:49:15,493 --> 00:49:17,561
Huntington's voice:
<i>The west won the war</i>
<i>not by the superiority</i>

1040
00:49:17,595 --> 00:49:20,730
<i>Of its ideas, values</i>
<i>or religion,</i>

1041
00:49:20,764 --> 00:49:22,381
<i>But rather by</i>
<i>its superiority</i>

1042
00:49:22,399 --> 00:49:24,433
<i>In the application</i>
<i>of organized viole</i>

1043
00:49:24,467 --> 00:49:27,602
<i>Westerners often</i>
<i>forget this fact.</i>

1044
00:49:27,637 --> 00:49:30,204
<i>Non-westerners never do.</i>

1045
00:49:30,238 --> 00:49:32,173
Stone:
<i>Progressive china experts</i>

1046
00:49:32,207 --> 00:49:34,240
<i>Fear the u.S. Is</i>
<i>once again employing</i>

1047
00:49:34,275 --> 00:49:38,078
<i>Truman's 1946 playbook</i>
<i>with the soviet union</i>

1048
00:49:38,112 --> 00:49:40,763
<i>In an attempt</i>
<i>to contain china.</i>

1049
00:49:40,797 --> 00:49:43,382
<i>The same situation</i>
<i>exists once again</i>

1050
00:49:43,416 --> 00:49:47,685
<i>With western revulsion</i>
<i>for china's internal policies.</i>

1051
00:49:47,720 --> 00:49:52,322
<i>But this time,</i>
<i>holding $1 trillion</i>
<i>in u.S. Treasury bonds,</i>

1052
00:49:52,356 --> 00:49:55,524
<i>The chinese could imperil</i>
<i>the u.S. Economy</i>

1053
00:49:55,559 --> 00:49:58,394
<i>In ways the soviets</i>
<i>never could.</i>

1054
00:49:58,428 --> 00:50:01,796
<i>Historian alfred mccoy</i>
<i>delineated the real stakes</i>

1055
00:50:01,831 --> 00:50:06,066
<i>When he wrote, "as early</i>
<i>as 2020, the pentagon hopes</i>

1056
00:50:06,101 --> 00:50:09,269
<i>To patrol the entire</i>
<i>globe ceaselessly,</i>

1057
00:50:09,304 --> 00:50:13,439
<i>Relentlessly,</i>
<i>via a triple canopy</i>
<i>space shield</i>

1058
00:50:13,474 --> 00:50:16,007
<i>Reaching from stratosphere</i>
<i>to exosphere,</i>

1059
00:50:16,042 --> 00:50:20,277
<i>Driven by drones</i>
<i>armed with agile missiles."</i>

1060
00:50:20,312 --> 00:50:23,981
<i>The triple canopy should be</i>
<i>able to blind an entire army</i>

1061
00:50:24,015 --> 00:50:26,349
<i>By knocking out</i>
<i>ground communications,</i>

1062
00:50:26,383 --> 00:50:29,285
<i>Avionics</i>
<i>and naval navigation.</i>

1063
00:50:29,320 --> 00:50:34,056
<i>But as mccoy cautions,</i>
<i>the illusion of technological</i>
<i>invincibility</i>

1064
00:50:34,090 --> 00:50:38,693
<i>And information omniscience</i>
<i>has failed arrogant nations</i>
<i>in the past,</i>

1065
00:50:38,727 --> 00:50:41,762
<i>As the fate of germany</i>
<i>in world war ii</i>

1066
00:50:41,796 --> 00:50:44,114
<i>And the u.S.</i>
<i>In vietnam attest.</i>

1067
00:50:44,148 --> 00:50:46,949
<i>With tragic irony,</i>
<i>mccoy reminds us</i>

1068
00:50:46,983 --> 00:50:51,352
<i>That the u.S.'s</i>
<i>"veto of global lethality"</i>

1069
00:50:51,387 --> 00:50:54,522
<i>Might be an equalizer</i>
<i>for any further loss</i>

1070
00:50:54,557 --> 00:50:56,807
<i>Of economic strength,</i>

1071
00:50:56,841 --> 00:50:59,810
<i>And that the u.S.'s "fate</i>
<i>might well be determined</i>

1072
00:50:59,844 --> 00:51:02,879
<i>By which comes first in this</i>
<i>century-long cycle:</i>

1073
00:51:02,913 --> 00:51:06,782
<i>Military debacle</i>
<i>from the illusion</i>
<i>of technological mastery,</i>

1074
00:51:06,816 --> 00:51:10,351
<i>Or a new</i>
<i>technological regime</i>

1075
00:51:10,385 --> 00:51:14,522
<i>Powerful enough to perpetuate</i>
<i>u.S. Global dominion."</i>

1076
00:51:19,693 --> 00:51:21,660
<i>But as a popular series</i>

1077
00:51:21,694 --> 00:51:24,696
<i>Of "star wars" movies shows,</i>

1078
00:51:24,731 --> 00:51:27,899
<i>A nation dominating the world</i>
<i>with its technology</i>

1079
00:51:27,933 --> 00:51:29,834
<i>Will soon become a tyranny...</i>

1080
00:51:29,868 --> 00:51:32,402
Rise, my friend.

1081
00:51:32,436 --> 00:51:36,205
<i>...That will be hated</i>
<i>by those who are tyrannized.</i>

1082
00:51:36,239 --> 00:51:39,875
<i>China may become</i>
<i>the first new empire</i>

1083
00:51:39,910 --> 00:51:42,744
<i>To emerge in this</i>
<i>nuclear-armed world,</i>

1084
00:51:42,778 --> 00:51:44,546
<i>But an empire modeled</i>
<i>on the u.S.</i>

1085
00:51:44,580 --> 00:51:46,947
<i>Or british versions</i>
<i>would be a disaster.</i>

1086
00:51:46,981 --> 00:51:49,750
<i>The great han chauvinism</i>

1087
00:51:49,784 --> 00:51:52,602
<i>Would be no better than</i>
<i>american exceptionalism.</i>

1088
00:51:52,636 --> 00:51:55,837
<i>Former defense official</i>
<i>joseph nye observed that</i>

1089
00:51:55,872 --> 00:51:58,306
<i>The dominant powers'</i>
<i>failure to integrate</i>

1090
00:51:58,341 --> 00:52:00,841
<i>The rising powers</i>
<i>of germany and japan</i>

1091
00:52:00,876 --> 00:52:03,210
<i>Into the 20th-century</i>
<i>global system</i>

1092
00:52:03,245 --> 00:52:07,180
<i>Resulted in two</i>
<i>catastrophic world wars.</i>

1093
00:52:07,214 --> 00:52:10,016
<i>History must not be allowed</i>
<i>to repeat itself again.</i>

1094
00:52:10,050 --> 00:52:13,202
<i>The chinese must shun</i>
<i>the american example</i>

1095
00:52:13,236 --> 00:52:15,786
<i>And the u.S. Must</i>
<i>reverse course.</i>

1096
00:52:15,820 --> 00:52:18,055
<i>Henry wallace</i>
<i>worried that if</i>

1097
00:52:18,089 --> 00:52:20,408
<i>The u.S. Treated</i>
<i>the soviets so badly</i>

1098
00:52:20,459 --> 00:52:24,277
<i>When the u.S. Was riding high</i>
<i>economically and militarily,</i>

1099
00:52:24,312 --> 00:52:26,278
<i>How would the soviets</i>
<i>treat the u.S.</i>

1100
00:52:26,313 --> 00:52:29,348
<i>When and if</i>
<i>the situation was reversed?</i>

1101
00:52:29,382 --> 00:52:31,416
<i>It never happened,</i>

1102
00:52:31,450 --> 00:52:34,085
<i>But this race to the bottom,</i>
<i>he understood,</i>

1103
00:52:34,119 --> 00:52:36,687
<i>Would have no winner.</i>

1104
00:52:37,956 --> 00:52:40,023
<i>As we close out this series</i>

1105
00:52:40,058 --> 00:52:42,892
<i>We must</i>
<i>ask ourselves humbly,</i>

1106
00:52:42,926 --> 00:52:46,027
<i>"in looking back</i>
<i>at the american century,</i>

1107
00:52:46,062 --> 00:52:49,097
<i>Have we acted wisely</i>
<i>and humanely in our relations</i>

1108
00:52:49,131 --> 00:52:51,298
<i>To the rest of the world?</i>

1109
00:52:51,333 --> 00:52:53,701
<i>A world in which the richest</i>
<i>few hundred or thousand</i>

1110
00:52:53,735 --> 00:52:56,035
<i>Or couple thousand</i>
<i>have more wealth</i>

1111
00:52:56,070 --> 00:52:58,872
<i>Than the poorest</i>
<i>three billion?</i>

1112
00:52:58,906 --> 00:53:01,740
<i>Have we been right</i>
<i>to police the globe?</i>

1113
00:53:01,774 --> 00:53:06,043
<i>Have we been a force for good,</i>
<i>for understanding, for peace?"</i>

1114
00:53:06,094 --> 00:53:08,212
<i>We must look</i>
<i>in the mirror.</i>

1115
00:53:08,263 --> 00:53:10,431
<i>Have we,</i>
<i>perhaps in our self-love,</i>

1116
00:53:10,465 --> 00:53:13,733
<i>Become the angels</i>
<i>of our own despair?</i>

1117
00:53:13,768 --> 00:53:16,135
<i>The claims of victory</i>
<i>in the second world war</i>

1118
00:53:16,169 --> 00:53:20,139
<i>And justification</i>
<i>for the atomic bomb</i>
<i>dropped on japan,</i>

1119
00:53:20,173 --> 00:53:22,757
<i>Though aimed</i>
<i>at the soviet union,</i>

1120
00:53:22,791 --> 00:53:24,859
<i>Were the founding myths</i>
<i>of our domination</i>

1121
00:53:24,894 --> 00:53:27,711
<i>And national</i>
<i>security state.</i>

1122
00:53:27,745 --> 00:53:30,397
<i>And the nation's elites</i>
<i>have benefitted from that.</i>

1123
00:53:30,431 --> 00:53:33,649
<i>The bomb has allowed us to win</i>
<i>by any means necessary,</i>

1124
00:53:33,667 --> 00:53:37,068
<i>Which makes us--</i>
<i>because we win-- right.</i>

1125
00:53:37,103 --> 00:53:41,188
<i>And because we are right,</i>
<i>we are therefore good.</i>

1126
00:53:41,222 --> 00:53:43,090
<i>Under these conditions</i>

1127
00:53:43,108 --> 00:53:45,476
<i>There is no morality</i>
<i>but our own.</i>

1128
00:53:45,510 --> 00:53:48,261
<i>As secretary of state</i>
<i>madeleine albright said,</i>

1129
00:53:48,295 --> 00:53:50,196
<i>"but if we have</i>
<i>to use force,</i>

1130
00:53:50,230 --> 00:53:52,464
<i>It is because</i>
<i>we are america;</i>

1131
00:53:52,498 --> 00:53:54,900
<i>We are</i>
<i>the indispensable nation."</i>

1132
00:53:54,934 --> 00:53:58,035
<i>Because we can</i>
<i>and have threatened</i>
<i>humanity with the bomb,</i>

1133
00:53:58,053 --> 00:54:00,805
<i>Our mistakes are forgiven</i>

1134
00:54:00,839 --> 00:54:02,489
<i>And our cruelties justified</i>

1135
00:54:02,540 --> 00:54:05,208
<i>As benignly-motivated</i>
<i>aberrations.</i>

1136
00:54:06,344 --> 00:54:09,211
<i>But domination</i>
<i>doesn't last.</i>

1137
00:54:09,245 --> 00:54:11,879
<i>Five major empires</i>
<i>have collapsed</i>

1138
00:54:11,914 --> 00:54:15,717
<i>In the lifetime of a person</i>
<i>born before world war ii:</i>

1139
00:54:15,751 --> 00:54:17,884
<i>Britain, France,</i>
<i>germany,</i>

1140
00:54:17,919 --> 00:54:20,587
<i>Japan</i>
<i>and the soviet union.</i>

1141
00:54:20,622 --> 00:54:23,556
<i>Three more empires earlier</i>
<i>in the 20th century:</i>

1142
00:54:23,590 --> 00:54:25,891
<i>The russian,</i>
<i>austro-hungarian</i>

1143
00:54:25,926 --> 00:54:27,626
<i>And ottoman.</i>

1144
00:54:27,660 --> 00:54:29,644
<i>If history is a barometer,</i>

1145
00:54:29,695 --> 00:54:32,646
<i>The United States' domination</i>
<i>will end as well.</i>

1146
00:54:32,697 --> 00:54:34,848
<i>We wisely resisted</i>

1147
00:54:34,883 --> 00:54:37,500
<i>Becoming a colonial empire</i>

1148
00:54:37,534 --> 00:54:42,104
<i>And most americans would deny</i>
<i>all imperial pretensions.</i>

1149
00:54:42,138 --> 00:54:45,440
<i>Perhaps that is why we cling</i>
<i>so doggedly to the myth</i>

1150
00:54:45,475 --> 00:54:48,009
<i>Of american exceptionalism--</i>

1151
00:54:48,043 --> 00:54:51,479
<i>American uniqueness,</i>
<i>benevolence, generosity.</i>

1152
00:54:51,513 --> 00:54:53,630
<i>Maybe in that fanciful notion</i>

1153
00:54:53,681 --> 00:54:56,849
<i>Lies the seeds</i>
<i>of american redemption,</i>

1154
00:54:56,883 --> 00:55:00,336
<i>The hope that the United States</i>
<i>will live up to that vision</i>

1155
00:55:00,370 --> 00:55:03,721
<i>Which seemed</i>
<i>within grasp in 1944</i>

1156
00:55:03,756 --> 00:55:06,524
<i>When wallace almost</i>
<i>became president</i>

1157
00:55:06,558 --> 00:55:10,277
<i>Or 1953 when stalin died</i>

1158
00:55:10,311 --> 00:55:12,678
<i>With a new u.S. President</i>
<i>in office,</i>

1159
00:55:12,713 --> 00:55:16,782
<i>Or j.F.K. And khrushchev</i>
<i>in 1963,</i>

1160
00:55:16,817 --> 00:55:19,217
<i>Or bush</i>
<i>and gorbachev in '89,</i>

1161
00:55:19,251 --> 00:55:21,820
<i>Or obama in 2008.</i>

1162
00:55:21,854 --> 00:55:24,254
<i>History has shown us</i>

1163
00:55:24,289 --> 00:55:28,624
<i>The curve of the ball</i>
<i>could have broken</i>
<i>differently.</i>

1164
00:55:28,659 --> 00:55:32,527
<i>These moments will come again</i>
<i>in a different form.</i>

1165
00:55:32,562 --> 00:55:35,630
<i>Will we be ready?</i>

1166
00:55:35,665 --> 00:55:38,299
<i>I think back</i>
<i>to franklin roosevelt</i>

1167
00:55:38,333 --> 00:55:41,302
<i>On the last day of his life</i>
<i>cabling churchill...</i>

1168
00:55:41,336 --> 00:55:44,154
Roosevelt's voice:
<i>I would minimize</i>
<i>the soviet problem</i>

1169
00:55:44,188 --> 00:55:47,506
<i>As much as possible,</i>
<i>because these problems,</i>

1170
00:55:47,540 --> 00:55:51,577
<i>In one form or another,</i>
<i>seem to arise every day</i>

1171
00:55:51,611 --> 00:55:54,112
<i>And most of them</i>
<i>straighten out.</i>

1172
00:55:54,146 --> 00:55:56,180
Stone:
<i>Calming down</i>

1173
00:55:56,215 --> 00:55:58,682
<i>The situations that occur,</i>

1174
00:55:58,716 --> 00:56:00,250
<i>Letting things happen</i>

1175
00:56:00,284 --> 00:56:01,785
<i>Without overreacting,</i>

1176
00:56:01,819 --> 00:56:05,221
<i>Seeing the world through</i>
<i>the eyes of our adversaries:</i>

1177
00:56:05,255 --> 00:56:09,791
<i>This way lies</i>
<i>in sharing in the needs</i>
<i>of other countries</i>

1178
00:56:09,825 --> 00:56:12,227
<i>With true empathy</i>
<i>and compassion,</i>

1179
00:56:12,261 --> 00:56:14,895
<i>Trusting a collective will</i>
<i>of this planet</i>

1180
00:56:14,929 --> 00:56:17,830
<i>To survive</i>
<i>the coming period,</i>

1181
00:56:17,865 --> 00:56:21,901
<i>Ending the threats</i>
<i>of nuclear annihilation</i>
<i>and global warming.</i>

1182
00:56:21,935 --> 00:56:24,069
<i>Can we not surrender</i>
<i>our exceptionalism</i>

1183
00:56:24,103 --> 00:56:25,904
<i>And our arrogance?</i>

1184
00:56:25,938 --> 00:56:29,240
<i>Can we not cut out</i>
<i>the talk of domination?</i>

1185
00:56:29,274 --> 00:56:33,710
<i>Can we stop appealing</i>
<i>to god to bless america</i>
<i>over other nations?</i>

1186
00:56:33,761 --> 00:56:36,446
<i>Hard-liners and nationalists</i>
<i>will object,</i>

1187
00:56:36,480 --> 00:56:39,948
<i>But theirs has proven</i>
<i>not to be the way.</i>

1188
00:56:39,983 --> 00:56:43,201
<i>A young woman said</i>
<i>to me in the 1970s,</i>

1189
00:56:43,235 --> 00:56:46,104
<i>"we need to feminize</i>
<i>this planet."</i>

1190
00:56:46,138 --> 00:56:48,638
<i>I thought it strange then,</i>

1191
00:56:48,673 --> 00:56:52,025
<i>But now I realize</i>
<i>there's power in love--</i>

1192
00:56:52,060 --> 00:56:55,644
<i>Real power in real love.</i>

1193
00:56:55,662 --> 00:56:58,546
<i>Let us find a way back</i>
<i>to respect the law--</i>

1194
00:56:58,581 --> 00:57:02,217
<i>Not of the jungle,</i>
<i>but the law of civilization--</i>

1195
00:57:02,251 --> 00:57:05,819
<i>By which we first came together</i>
<i>and put aside our differences</i>

1196
00:57:05,854 --> 00:57:09,038
<i>To preserve the things</i>
<i>that matter.</i>

1197
00:57:09,073 --> 00:57:12,508
<i>Herodotus wrote</i>
<i>in the fifth century</i>
<i>before christ,</i>

1198
00:57:12,543 --> 00:57:15,861
<i>"the first history</i>
<i>was written in the hope</i>

1199
00:57:15,895 --> 00:57:17,796
<i>Of preserving from decay</i>

1200
00:57:17,830 --> 00:57:21,298
<i>The remembrance of what</i>
<i>men have been."</i>

1201
00:57:21,333 --> 00:57:24,150
<i>And for that reason</i>
<i>the history of man</i>

1202
00:57:24,185 --> 00:57:27,087
<i>Is not only one</i>
<i>of blood and death,</i>

1203
00:57:27,121 --> 00:57:30,472
<i>But one also of honor,</i>
<i>achievement,</i>

1204
00:57:30,490 --> 00:57:33,241
<i>Kindness, memory</i>

1205
00:57:33,275 --> 00:57:35,259
<i>And civilization.</i>

1206
00:57:35,294 --> 00:57:37,095
There is a way forward--

1207
00:57:37,129 --> 00:57:39,196
By remembering the past.

1208
00:57:39,230 --> 00:57:42,165
And then we can start,

1209
00:57:42,200 --> 00:57:45,151
Step by step like a baby,

1210
00:57:45,185 --> 00:57:46,919
Reaching for the stars.

1211
00:57:46,953 --> 00:57:49,804
J.F.K.:
<i>For in the final analysis,</i>

1212
00:57:49,839 --> 00:57:51,990
<i>Our most basic common link</i>

1213
00:57:52,024 --> 00:57:55,859
<i>Is that we all inhabit</i>
<i>this small planet,</i>

1214
00:57:55,894 --> 00:57:58,961
<i>We all breathe</i>
<i>the same air,</i>

1215
00:57:58,996 --> 00:58:01,898
<i>We all cherish</i>
<i>our children's futures,</i>

1216
00:58:01,932 --> 00:58:03,999
<i>And we are all mortal.</i>

1217
00:58:04,033 --> 00:58:06,318
<i>( theme music playing )</i>