1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,162 WWW.MY-SUBS.CO 1 00:00:14,064 --> 00:00:17,066 Jimmy Carter: The implications of the soviet invasion of Afghanistan 2 00:00:17,100 --> 00:00:20,736 Could cause a most serious threat to the peace 3 00:00:20,770 --> 00:00:22,404 Since the second world war. 4 00:00:22,439 --> 00:00:24,206 ( indistinct chatter ) 5 00:00:34,117 --> 00:00:36,118 Tear down this wall. 6 00:00:44,227 --> 00:00:47,096 Stone: For a glorious moment in the late 1980s, 7 00:00:47,130 --> 00:00:50,065 The world was a hopeful... even joyous... place. 8 00:00:50,100 --> 00:00:53,435 Protracted and bloody wars were ending 9 00:00:53,470 --> 00:00:56,605 In Afghanistan, angola, cambodia, nicaragua, 10 00:00:56,639 --> 00:00:59,541 And between iran and iraq. 11 00:00:59,576 --> 00:01:00,976 Plo leader yasser arafat, 12 00:01:01,010 --> 00:01:02,851 Under pressure from moscow... 13 00:01:11,221 --> 00:01:14,857 And implicitly recognized israel's right to exist. 14 00:01:14,891 --> 00:01:19,762 In December 1988, at the united nations, 15 00:01:19,796 --> 00:01:22,498 Mikhail gorbachev, in the spirit of ending the cold war, 16 00:01:22,532 --> 00:01:25,868 Asked for joint action to eliminate the... 17 00:01:29,005 --> 00:01:31,940 He urged banning weapons in outer space, 18 00:01:31,975 --> 00:01:35,778 And demanded an end to exploitation of the third world... 19 00:01:35,812 --> 00:01:37,813 Including a soviet... 20 00:01:45,021 --> 00:01:47,389 He called for a u.N.-Brokered cease fire in Afghanistan. 21 00:01:47,423 --> 00:01:48,624 And offered... 22 00:01:55,031 --> 00:01:56,465 And the tactic of... 23 00:01:58,535 --> 00:02:00,769 "the new york times" proclaimed that 24 00:02:00,804 --> 00:02:03,038 Not since roosevelt's and churchill's atlantic charter 25 00:02:03,072 --> 00:02:05,841 Had a world leader demonstrated a vision 26 00:02:05,875 --> 00:02:08,043 Like gorbachev's at the u.N. 27 00:02:08,077 --> 00:02:11,680 Breathtaking, risky, bold, naive, heroic... 28 00:02:11,714 --> 00:02:16,451 His ideas merit the most serious response. 29 00:02:23,576 --> 00:02:24,776 I support what the president says. 30 00:02:24,811 --> 00:02:27,012 Stone: New president george Bush 31 00:02:27,046 --> 00:02:29,047 Had not yet moved into the white house 32 00:02:29,082 --> 00:02:33,285 After trouncing massachusetts governor michael dukakis 33 00:02:33,319 --> 00:02:34,620 In the '88 election. 34 00:02:34,654 --> 00:02:37,289 Trailing by 17 points that summer, 35 00:02:37,323 --> 00:02:41,226 Bush had struggled to overcome the so-called "wimp factor." 36 00:02:41,261 --> 00:02:44,830 It's odd that the recipient of the distinguished flying cross 37 00:02:44,864 --> 00:02:46,932 Who had flown 58 combat missions 38 00:02:46,966 --> 00:02:49,418 As a navy pilot during world war ii 39 00:02:49,452 --> 00:02:52,004 And been shot down in the pacific 40 00:02:52,038 --> 00:02:54,056 Would be derided as a wasp, 41 00:02:54,090 --> 00:02:57,426 Wimp, weenie, every woman's first husband, 42 00:02:57,460 --> 00:02:59,127 Bland conformist. 43 00:02:59,162 --> 00:03:01,630 Peace through strength works. 44 00:03:01,664 --> 00:03:03,665 Stone: But because of his nasally voice 45 00:03:03,700 --> 00:03:05,400 And his sheltered upbringing, 46 00:03:05,435 --> 00:03:08,203 Yale education and oil money background, 47 00:03:08,238 --> 00:03:12,407 He appeared to be the ultimate insider establishment candidate. 48 00:03:12,442 --> 00:03:14,910 Most of his political offices 49 00:03:14,944 --> 00:03:16,612 Had been appointments... 50 00:03:16,646 --> 00:03:17,913 Ambassador to the united nations, 51 00:03:17,947 --> 00:03:20,649 To china, and c.I.A. Chief. 52 00:03:20,683 --> 00:03:23,452 But none of ronald reagan's charisma 53 00:03:23,486 --> 00:03:25,320 Had rubbed off on him. 54 00:03:25,355 --> 00:03:27,222 Reagan hadn't wanted him on the ticket. 55 00:03:27,257 --> 00:03:29,591 Reagan: And I am recommending to this convention 56 00:03:29,626 --> 00:03:31,827 That george Bush... 57 00:03:31,861 --> 00:03:34,296 Stone: Seeking to improve his changes, 58 00:03:34,330 --> 00:03:36,198 Bush followed the advice among others 59 00:03:36,232 --> 00:03:38,934 Of his oldest son, george w., 60 00:03:38,968 --> 00:03:41,870 Adopting a more aggressive strategy 61 00:03:41,905 --> 00:03:44,606 Against the reserved and stoic dukakis... 62 00:03:44,641 --> 00:03:46,942 Who came from greek immigrant roots 63 00:03:46,976 --> 00:03:49,778 And was reluctant to counterattack. 64 00:03:49,812 --> 00:03:52,014 He questioned dukakis's patriotism 65 00:03:52,048 --> 00:03:54,483 And openly played the race card 66 00:03:54,517 --> 00:03:58,720 In a campaign ad about the furloughed murderer willie horton. 67 00:03:58,755 --> 00:04:01,223 Man: Dukakis not only opposes the death penalty, 68 00:04:01,257 --> 00:04:04,626 He allowed first-degree murderers to have weekend passes from prison. 69 00:04:04,661 --> 00:04:08,230 ( man reading ) 70 00:04:08,264 --> 00:04:11,867 Stone: Like Nixon, Bush appealed to voters' racism 71 00:04:11,901 --> 00:04:14,670 And fears of crime. 72 00:04:14,704 --> 00:04:16,405 His strategy turned the tide, 73 00:04:16,439 --> 00:04:19,408 And Bush took office in January 1989, 74 00:04:19,442 --> 00:04:22,277 Placing the destiny of much of mankind 75 00:04:22,312 --> 00:04:25,480 In the hands of two men who had witnessed firsthand 76 00:04:25,515 --> 00:04:27,649 The ravages of war... 77 00:04:27,684 --> 00:04:29,084 Bush as a victor, 78 00:04:29,118 --> 00:04:31,153 Gorbachev as a young eyewitness 79 00:04:31,187 --> 00:04:35,574 To germany's brutal destruction of the u.S.S.R. 80 00:04:35,625 --> 00:04:39,527 In the 1990s, with america searching for a new role 81 00:04:39,545 --> 00:04:41,730 In the rapidly-changing world, 82 00:04:41,764 --> 00:04:45,934 The mass media began elevating the world war ii generation 83 00:04:45,968 --> 00:04:48,353 To especially heroic dimensions. 84 00:04:48,404 --> 00:04:52,324 At the 50th anniversary of d-day in 1994, 85 00:04:52,358 --> 00:04:55,360 The greatest generation was anointed. 86 00:04:55,395 --> 00:04:57,829 It became a nostalgic concept 87 00:04:57,864 --> 00:05:00,766 And sales of books, movies, and tv boomed. 88 00:05:00,800 --> 00:05:02,150 32nd! 89 00:05:02,168 --> 00:05:05,053 Stone: D-day became the climactic battle 90 00:05:05,088 --> 00:05:07,005 Of world war ii. 91 00:05:07,056 --> 00:05:09,992 ( men shouting ) 92 00:05:10,026 --> 00:05:11,426 Stone: Even pearl harbor 93 00:05:11,461 --> 00:05:13,462 In glorious technicolor 94 00:05:13,496 --> 00:05:15,964 Was turned around into a victory. 95 00:05:15,982 --> 00:05:17,966 Jimmy doolittle: Victory belongs to those that believe in it the most. 96 00:05:18,001 --> 00:05:19,701 Believe in it the longest. 97 00:05:19,736 --> 00:05:22,421 We're gonna believe. 98 00:05:22,472 --> 00:05:24,222 We're gonna make america believe too. 99 00:05:24,257 --> 00:05:26,258 Stone: Conveniently, the media 100 00:05:26,292 --> 00:05:28,727 Ignored or overlooked the fact 101 00:05:28,761 --> 00:05:32,297 That influential americans opposed to roosevelt's new deal 102 00:05:32,348 --> 00:05:35,100 Had aided and abetted the third reich 103 00:05:35,134 --> 00:05:39,171 After the true nature of hitler's anti-semitic regime 104 00:05:39,205 --> 00:05:40,439 Was known. 105 00:05:40,473 --> 00:05:42,357 The motive... whether hatred of communism, 106 00:05:42,392 --> 00:05:45,327 Fascist sympathies, or simply greed... 107 00:05:45,361 --> 00:05:48,030 Was rarely openly discussed. 108 00:05:48,064 --> 00:05:51,900 Among these men was president Bush's own father, 109 00:05:51,934 --> 00:05:53,268 Prescott Bush... 110 00:05:53,302 --> 00:05:56,772 German coal and steel magnate fritz thyssen 111 00:05:56,806 --> 00:05:58,807 Had been one of hitler's early backers, 112 00:05:58,841 --> 00:06:01,243 And much of his wealth was protected overseas 113 00:06:01,277 --> 00:06:03,845 By the brown brothers harriman investment firm 114 00:06:03,880 --> 00:06:07,215 Through the holding company, union banking corporation, 115 00:06:07,250 --> 00:06:11,119 In an account managed by prescott Bush. 116 00:06:11,154 --> 00:06:14,890 In 1942, the u.S. Government seized union banking corp 117 00:06:14,924 --> 00:06:18,060 Along with four other thyssen-linked accounts 118 00:06:18,094 --> 00:06:19,428 Managed by Bush. 119 00:06:19,462 --> 00:06:22,464 And after the war, the shares were returned 120 00:06:22,498 --> 00:06:26,134 To the american shareholders including Bush. 121 00:06:26,169 --> 00:06:28,970 I.B.M.'s legendary founder thomas watson, 122 00:06:29,005 --> 00:06:32,641 Through his german subsidiary dehomag, 123 00:06:32,675 --> 00:06:35,710 Helped the government in tabulating its census 124 00:06:35,745 --> 00:06:38,830 With its punch card machines that later proved effective 125 00:06:38,881 --> 00:06:43,418 In identifying jews and helping make the trains run on time. 126 00:06:43,453 --> 00:06:47,122 On an even larger scale, general motors' alfred sloan, 127 00:06:47,156 --> 00:06:49,958 Through his german subsidiary adam opel, 128 00:06:49,992 --> 00:06:53,478 Built cards and transport vehicles for the german army. 129 00:06:53,529 --> 00:06:56,548 Sloan, on the even of germany's invasion of poland, 130 00:06:56,582 --> 00:06:59,184 Said his company was too big to be affected 131 00:06:59,218 --> 00:07:01,887 By a petty international squabble. 132 00:07:01,921 --> 00:07:04,189 Henry ford's german subsidiary 133 00:07:04,223 --> 00:07:07,259 Manufactured an arsenal of military vehicles 134 00:07:07,293 --> 00:07:11,797 Throughout the war with the consent of the parent company in michigan. 135 00:07:11,831 --> 00:07:14,166 Ford himself had earlier published 136 00:07:14,200 --> 00:07:16,835 A series of articles, later a book, 137 00:07:16,869 --> 00:07:20,872 Titled "the international jew: The world's foremost problem." 138 00:07:20,907 --> 00:07:23,942 Hitler hung a portrait of ford 139 00:07:23,976 --> 00:07:27,345 In his munich office, and told the detroit news 140 00:07:27,380 --> 00:07:31,883 In 1931, "I regard henrich ford as my inspiration." 141 00:07:31,918 --> 00:07:36,037 When the european war was declared in 1939, 142 00:07:36,072 --> 00:07:38,857 Ford and g.M., despite subsequent disclaimers, 143 00:07:38,891 --> 00:07:42,294 Refused to divest themselves of their german holdings 144 00:07:42,328 --> 00:07:45,046 And even complied with german government orders 145 00:07:45,081 --> 00:07:49,267 To retool for war production while resisting similar demands 146 00:07:49,302 --> 00:07:51,052 From the u.S. Government. 147 00:07:51,086 --> 00:07:53,155 Ford, g.M., standard oil, 148 00:07:53,189 --> 00:07:56,174 Alcoa, I.T.T., general electric, 149 00:07:56,209 --> 00:07:57,976 The munitions maker du pont, 150 00:07:58,010 --> 00:08:00,762 Eastman kodak, westinghouse, 151 00:08:00,780 --> 00:08:03,131 Pratt and whitney, douglas aircraft, 152 00:08:03,166 --> 00:08:07,101 United fruit, singer, and international harvester 153 00:08:07,119 --> 00:08:10,639 Continued to trade with germany up to 1941. 154 00:08:10,673 --> 00:08:14,159 American authorities knew of the death camps 155 00:08:14,193 --> 00:08:16,194 By August of '42, 156 00:08:16,229 --> 00:08:18,330 But until this could be clarified 157 00:08:18,364 --> 00:08:20,649 Said nothing to the public. 158 00:08:20,683 --> 00:08:23,552 Rabbi stephen wise finally broke the silence 159 00:08:23,586 --> 00:08:25,787 In late '42. 160 00:08:25,821 --> 00:08:29,324 The story was carried on page 10 in "the new york times," 161 00:08:29,358 --> 00:08:31,059 And not much was made of it. 162 00:08:31,093 --> 00:08:34,462 Although the u.S. Declared many of these business activities 163 00:08:34,480 --> 00:08:36,681 Illegal under the trading with the enemy act, 164 00:08:36,732 --> 00:08:38,383 Several corporations still received 165 00:08:38,417 --> 00:08:42,120 Special licenses to continue operations in germany, 166 00:08:42,154 --> 00:08:44,356 And in some cases, shipped supplies 167 00:08:44,407 --> 00:08:47,893 Via fascist Spain under flags of neutrality. 168 00:08:47,944 --> 00:08:50,962 After the war, I.B.M. Fought and succeeded 169 00:08:50,997 --> 00:08:53,198 In recovering all of its sequestered profits. 170 00:08:53,232 --> 00:08:57,502 Ford and g.M. Both reabsorbed their german subsidiaries, 171 00:08:57,537 --> 00:09:01,673 Audaciously suing and winning tens of millions of dollars 172 00:09:01,707 --> 00:09:03,707 In reparations for european factories 173 00:09:03,709 --> 00:09:08,530 That had been destroyed or damaged in allied bombing raids. 174 00:09:08,564 --> 00:09:11,466 The subject of collaboration is highly taboo. 175 00:09:11,500 --> 00:09:13,685 To facilitate such dealings, 176 00:09:13,719 --> 00:09:17,188 Of course, banks and law firms were needed. 177 00:09:17,223 --> 00:09:20,408 The corporate powerhouse law firm sullivan and cromwell, 178 00:09:20,443 --> 00:09:23,628 Whose managing director was future secretary of state 179 00:09:23,663 --> 00:09:25,130 John foster dulles... 180 00:09:25,164 --> 00:09:28,366 With his brother allen dulles as a partner... 181 00:09:28,401 --> 00:09:32,504 Had as clients many of these powerful institutions 182 00:09:32,538 --> 00:09:36,841 Including the very important bank for international settlements... 183 00:09:36,876 --> 00:09:40,545 Which was set up in switzerland in 1930 184 00:09:40,580 --> 00:09:43,181 To channel world war I reparations 185 00:09:43,215 --> 00:09:45,951 Between the u.S. And germany. 186 00:09:45,985 --> 00:09:48,386 After the war was declared, 187 00:09:48,421 --> 00:09:51,022 The bank continued to offer financial services 188 00:09:51,057 --> 00:09:52,657 To the third reich. 189 00:09:52,692 --> 00:09:56,061 And the majority of gold looted during the nazi conquests 190 00:09:56,095 --> 00:09:59,164 Of europe ended up in b.I.S. Vaults... 191 00:09:59,198 --> 00:10:02,133 Which allowed the nazis access to money 192 00:10:02,168 --> 00:10:05,704 That would have normally been trapped in blocked accounts. 193 00:10:05,738 --> 00:10:09,708 American lawyer and chairman of the bank, thomas mckittrick, 194 00:10:09,742 --> 00:10:12,811 Claiming neutrality in switzerland 195 00:10:12,845 --> 00:10:15,013 Managed this process. 196 00:10:15,047 --> 00:10:16,982 Roosevelt's secretary of the treasury, 197 00:10:17,016 --> 00:10:19,017 Henry morgenthau, unsuccessfully tried 198 00:10:19,051 --> 00:10:21,219 To close the bank down after the war... 199 00:10:21,253 --> 00:10:24,623 Claiming it had acted as an agent of the nazis. 200 00:10:24,657 --> 00:10:26,591 Morgan bank, chase bank, 201 00:10:26,626 --> 00:10:28,193 Union bank, and b.I.S. 202 00:10:28,227 --> 00:10:30,495 Were the four dominant banks who succeeded 203 00:10:30,529 --> 00:10:35,333 In obfuscating their collaborations with the nazis. 204 00:10:35,368 --> 00:10:38,153 William randolph hearst, the newspaper baron 205 00:10:38,187 --> 00:10:42,457 Who had done his best to provoke the spanish-american war, 206 00:10:42,491 --> 00:10:46,294 Throughout the 1930s in his vast media empire 207 00:10:46,329 --> 00:10:48,463 Demonized the soviet union... 208 00:10:48,497 --> 00:10:51,366 Depicting hitler in a friendly light. 209 00:10:51,400 --> 00:10:52,834 And charles lindbergh, 210 00:10:52,868 --> 00:10:56,104 One of the most celebrated americans of the 1920s, 211 00:10:56,138 --> 00:11:01,710 Became a poster boy for the isolationist america first movement. 212 00:11:01,744 --> 00:11:03,762 After hitler conquered France, 213 00:11:03,813 --> 00:11:06,965 Lindbergh openly feared germany's ultimate defeat 214 00:11:07,016 --> 00:11:09,601 And implored the american public... 215 00:11:09,635 --> 00:11:12,854 Hitler's destruction would lay europe open to the rape, 216 00:11:12,888 --> 00:11:17,292 Loot, and barbarism of soviet russia's forces, 217 00:11:17,326 --> 00:11:22,130 Causing possibly the fatal wounding of western civilization. 218 00:11:22,164 --> 00:11:25,650 Stone: Thus, almost 50 years 219 00:11:25,685 --> 00:11:27,352 After the start of world war ii, 220 00:11:27,386 --> 00:11:30,088 In January 1989, 221 00:11:30,122 --> 00:11:32,757 The past once more echoed the present. 222 00:11:32,792 --> 00:11:33,925 ( playing stately tune ) 223 00:11:33,959 --> 00:11:36,561 I, george herbert walker Bush... 224 00:11:36,595 --> 00:11:39,230 Stone: Could prescott Bush's son george, 225 00:11:39,265 --> 00:11:43,134 Like john kennedy, repudiate his father's murky past 226 00:11:43,169 --> 00:11:45,670 And partner with the communist gorbachev 227 00:11:45,705 --> 00:11:47,439 In changing the world? 228 00:11:47,473 --> 00:11:49,908 Bush perhaps pondered his options. 229 00:11:49,942 --> 00:11:52,944 But he was either a deep or bold thinker. 230 00:11:52,978 --> 00:11:55,219 Several times he had scorned what he called the... 231 00:11:57,316 --> 00:11:59,017 Distrusting individualistic thinking. 232 00:11:59,051 --> 00:12:01,770 Like harry truman after world war ii, 233 00:12:01,804 --> 00:12:05,507 He surrounded himself with anti-soviet conservatives... 234 00:12:05,541 --> 00:12:09,043 Among them, Dick Cheney as his defense secretary 235 00:12:09,078 --> 00:12:11,813 And as his deputy national security advisor 236 00:12:11,847 --> 00:12:14,516 Robert gates, the man who had made his stripes 237 00:12:14,550 --> 00:12:17,919 As deputy to the fanatic william casey. 238 00:12:17,953 --> 00:12:19,888 They all agreed... 239 00:12:19,922 --> 00:12:23,725 Reaching out to gorbachev would weaken western resolve. 240 00:12:23,759 --> 00:12:29,481 Whereas gorbachev was calling for eliminating tactical nuclear weapons in europe, 241 00:12:29,515 --> 00:12:31,933 An offer most europeans applauded, 242 00:12:31,967 --> 00:12:35,370 The United States countered that the soviet union 243 00:12:35,404 --> 00:12:38,206 Should remove 325,000 troops 244 00:12:38,240 --> 00:12:41,342 In exchange for a u.S. Cut of 30,000. 245 00:12:41,377 --> 00:12:45,480 And while Bush neglected to pursue real progress 246 00:12:45,514 --> 00:12:47,182 With the soviet union, 247 00:12:47,216 --> 00:12:50,418 He wavered when hundreds of pro-democracy demonstrators 248 00:12:50,453 --> 00:12:53,521 Were slaughtered in beijing at tiananmen square 249 00:12:53,556 --> 00:12:55,790 By the people's liberation army. 250 00:12:55,825 --> 00:12:58,660 Condemning the crackdown publicly, 251 00:12:58,694 --> 00:13:00,261 And banning military ties, 252 00:13:00,296 --> 00:13:02,664 But behind the scenes making it clear 253 00:13:02,698 --> 00:13:04,738 That this would not jeopardize relations 254 00:13:04,767 --> 00:13:08,069 Between china and the u.S. 255 00:13:08,103 --> 00:13:11,306 Gorbachev pursued the reform of the soviet system, 256 00:13:11,340 --> 00:13:13,541 Rejecting the long-held view 257 00:13:13,576 --> 00:13:15,977 That controlling eastern europe was necessary 258 00:13:16,011 --> 00:13:18,713 To soviet security. 259 00:13:18,747 --> 00:13:23,318 In a few extraordinary months in 1989 and '90, 260 00:13:23,352 --> 00:13:27,755 All the eastern and central european communist governments fell. 261 00:13:27,790 --> 00:13:29,691 One by one. 262 00:13:29,725 --> 00:13:32,026 As the world watched in disbelief. 263 00:13:32,061 --> 00:13:35,697 It was possibly the most peaceful people's revolution 264 00:13:35,731 --> 00:13:37,765 Ever carried out in recorded history. 265 00:13:37,800 --> 00:13:40,735 Poland, estonia, lithuania, 266 00:13:40,769 --> 00:13:43,304 Latvia, hungary, czechoslovakia, 267 00:13:43,339 --> 00:13:46,574 East germany, and romania changed their governments 268 00:13:46,609 --> 00:13:48,176 Without fear. 269 00:13:48,210 --> 00:13:50,144 On November 9, 1989, 270 00:13:50,179 --> 00:13:53,681 East and west berliners jointly tore down the berlin wall... 271 00:13:53,716 --> 00:13:57,519 Desecrating the cold war's most reviled symbol. 272 00:13:57,553 --> 00:14:00,255 It was a grand moment... evidence of a new beginning. 273 00:14:00,289 --> 00:14:05,193 Yet many americans hailed these actions as the ultimate vindication 274 00:14:05,227 --> 00:14:09,197 Of the capitalist west after decades of cold war. 275 00:14:09,231 --> 00:14:12,267 State department policy planner francis fukuyama 276 00:14:12,301 --> 00:14:14,736 Made a name for himself, declaring... 277 00:14:17,206 --> 00:14:19,674 Anointing western liberal democracy 278 00:14:19,708 --> 00:14:22,010 As the final form of human government. 279 00:14:22,044 --> 00:14:27,098 At yalta, in early 1945 on the eve of germany's surrender, 280 00:14:27,132 --> 00:14:30,318 Roosevelt, stalin, and churchill went a long way 281 00:14:30,352 --> 00:14:32,670 Towards dividing europe and asia 282 00:14:32,705 --> 00:14:36,241 Into western and soviet spheres of influence. 283 00:14:36,275 --> 00:14:39,210 This structure essentially lasted 284 00:14:39,245 --> 00:14:42,614 Through proxy wars, near nuclear conflagrations, 285 00:14:42,648 --> 00:14:45,933 Intense propaganda and espionage activity 286 00:14:45,951 --> 00:14:47,752 For 45 years. 287 00:14:47,786 --> 00:14:50,555 Now this was all changing, and quickly. 288 00:14:50,589 --> 00:14:53,258 Gorbachev hoped that a new trust 289 00:14:53,292 --> 00:14:55,493 Might lead to the dissolution of nato 290 00:14:55,527 --> 00:14:57,362 And the warsaw pact. 291 00:14:57,396 --> 00:15:00,231 And astonishingly, he was even willing to allow 292 00:15:00,266 --> 00:15:02,800 East and west germany to reunite 293 00:15:02,835 --> 00:15:06,971 On the understanding that nato would not expand eastward. 294 00:15:07,006 --> 00:15:08,907 Bush led him to believe so, 295 00:15:08,941 --> 00:15:11,843 But would be out of power by 1993. 296 00:15:11,877 --> 00:15:15,613 And gorbachev would pay the price of trusting america 297 00:15:15,648 --> 00:15:18,549 As the clinton and second Bush administrations 298 00:15:18,584 --> 00:15:22,153 Expanded nato right up to russia's doorstep. 299 00:15:22,187 --> 00:15:24,289 The russians felt thoroughly betrayed, 300 00:15:24,323 --> 00:15:26,357 And although the u.S. Officials over the years 301 00:15:26,392 --> 00:15:29,761 Have insisted that no such promises were ever given, 302 00:15:29,795 --> 00:15:33,498 Recently released statements from the u.S. Ambassador 303 00:15:33,532 --> 00:15:35,233 To the soviet union at the time 304 00:15:35,267 --> 00:15:38,670 And previously classified british and west german documents 305 00:15:38,704 --> 00:15:41,039 Substantiate the russian claims 306 00:15:41,073 --> 00:15:43,608 That there was a clear commitment. 307 00:15:43,642 --> 00:15:46,778 It was becoming equally clear to some 308 00:15:46,812 --> 00:15:49,180 That the United States was not changing its colors 309 00:15:49,214 --> 00:15:52,116 To celebrate this new mood of peace. 310 00:15:52,151 --> 00:15:55,887 Barely a month after the berlin wall fell, 311 00:15:55,921 --> 00:15:57,989 In December 1989, 312 00:15:58,023 --> 00:16:02,493 Bush and his administration launched its invasion of panama. 313 00:16:02,528 --> 00:16:06,931 Last night I ordered u.S. Military forces to panama. 314 00:16:06,966 --> 00:16:09,367 Stone: Panamanian strongman manuel noriega 315 00:16:09,401 --> 00:16:12,070 Had long been one of the u.S.'s errand boys 316 00:16:12,104 --> 00:16:13,771 In central america. 317 00:16:13,806 --> 00:16:17,442 On the c.I.A. Payroll since the 1960s, 318 00:16:17,476 --> 00:16:20,311 Corrupt and unscrupulous, he profited 319 00:16:20,346 --> 00:16:23,348 Assisting colombia's medellin drug cartel. 320 00:16:23,382 --> 00:16:26,184 His assistance to the contras in nicaragua 321 00:16:26,218 --> 00:16:29,020 Won him protection from top reagan officials 322 00:16:29,054 --> 00:16:31,222 Including casey and oliver north. 323 00:16:31,256 --> 00:16:34,025 But a 1988 u.S. Drug indictment 324 00:16:34,059 --> 00:16:37,061 And his overturning of panama's 1989 325 00:16:37,096 --> 00:16:38,896 Presidential election 326 00:16:38,931 --> 00:16:43,735 Convinced Bush that noriega was more a liability than asset. 327 00:16:43,769 --> 00:16:47,805 He acted... operation "just cause" he called it... 328 00:16:47,840 --> 00:16:52,443 Sending in 12,000 troops to assist the 12,000 already in country 329 00:16:52,478 --> 00:16:57,081 And leveling the impoverished panama city neighborhood of el chorillo, 330 00:16:57,116 --> 00:17:00,685 Which abutted the headquarters of the panamanian defense forces... 331 00:17:00,719 --> 00:17:04,889 Killing hundreds of civilians. 332 00:17:04,923 --> 00:17:08,593 This was justified as the war on drugs 333 00:17:08,627 --> 00:17:12,030 Declared by Nixon in 1971 334 00:17:12,064 --> 00:17:13,831 And which was now being shifted 335 00:17:13,866 --> 00:17:15,800 To fight production at the source 336 00:17:15,834 --> 00:17:19,070 Which meant, among other things, targeting foreign countries 337 00:17:19,104 --> 00:17:21,706 If need be for military action. 338 00:17:21,740 --> 00:17:23,674 Noriega would be sent to jail 339 00:17:23,709 --> 00:17:25,743 In the u.S. For drug trafficking. 340 00:17:25,778 --> 00:17:29,680 To much of the world, the invasion was shocking and illegal, 341 00:17:29,715 --> 00:17:31,749 But to most north americans... 342 00:17:31,784 --> 00:17:34,986 Indoctrinated to the idea of a "war on drugs"... 343 00:17:35,020 --> 00:17:37,688 It was business as usual in their backyard. 344 00:17:37,723 --> 00:17:40,024 Congress further failed to challenge 345 00:17:40,059 --> 00:17:42,393 Bush's flagrant violation 346 00:17:42,428 --> 00:17:44,829 Of the 1973 war powers act. 347 00:17:44,863 --> 00:17:46,964 The new message was clear. 348 00:17:46,999 --> 00:17:50,034 We have decapitated him 349 00:17:50,069 --> 00:17:52,937 From the dictatorship of this country... 350 00:17:52,971 --> 00:17:55,573 Stone: Joint chiefs chairman colin powell 351 00:17:55,607 --> 00:17:58,476 Declared, "we have to put a shingle outside our doors 352 00:17:58,510 --> 00:18:00,578 Saying, 'superpower lives here' 353 00:18:00,612 --> 00:18:02,914 No matter what the soviets do." 354 00:18:02,948 --> 00:18:07,652 Soviet hardliners, concerned about gorbachev's reforms, 355 00:18:07,686 --> 00:18:10,922 Understood that their concessions would not curb 356 00:18:10,956 --> 00:18:12,490 U.S. Bellicosity. 357 00:18:12,524 --> 00:18:15,093 They might, in fact, embolden the u.S. 358 00:18:15,127 --> 00:18:17,295 To act more recklessly. 359 00:18:17,329 --> 00:18:19,831 It did... within 14 months, 360 00:18:19,865 --> 00:18:22,900 Bush once again showed how tough he could be. 361 00:18:22,935 --> 00:18:26,070 This time in the middle east. 362 00:18:26,105 --> 00:18:29,574 The reagan administration had cozied up during the iran war 363 00:18:29,608 --> 00:18:31,909 To iraq's saddam hussein... 364 00:18:31,944 --> 00:18:34,679 Turning a blind eye to his repeated use 365 00:18:34,713 --> 00:18:37,949 Of chemical weapons, sometimes against his own people, 366 00:18:37,983 --> 00:18:42,270 Made in part from u. S.-Supplied chemicals. 367 00:18:42,304 --> 00:18:45,423 When tensions flared between iraq and oil-rich kuwait, 368 00:18:45,457 --> 00:18:48,960 Which had been part of iraq until 1961, 369 00:18:48,994 --> 00:18:51,696 The u.S. Ambassador personally assured saddam 370 00:18:51,730 --> 00:18:54,031 That Bush wanted better relations 371 00:18:54,066 --> 00:18:57,435 And had no opinion on iraq's border dispute. 372 00:18:57,469 --> 00:19:00,404 Hussein took this as a signal from Bush, 373 00:19:00,439 --> 00:19:01,839 And the following week... 374 00:19:01,874 --> 00:19:06,210 With estimates of 250,000 troops and 1,500 tanks... 375 00:19:06,245 --> 00:19:09,180 Took over kuwait with little resistance. 376 00:19:09,214 --> 00:19:13,618 Long desiring a stronger footprint in the middle east, 377 00:19:13,652 --> 00:19:16,571 The u.S. Sent secretary of defense Cheney, 378 00:19:16,605 --> 00:19:19,073 General powell, and general schwarzkopf 379 00:19:19,107 --> 00:19:21,509 To meet with saudi king fahd 380 00:19:21,543 --> 00:19:23,611 To convince him to accept 381 00:19:23,645 --> 00:19:26,781 A large american military force as a buffer. 382 00:19:26,815 --> 00:19:28,616 When they showed the king, 383 00:19:28,650 --> 00:19:30,885 Apparently doctored photos 384 00:19:30,919 --> 00:19:34,789 Of iraqi troops and tanks at the saudi border, 385 00:19:34,823 --> 00:19:36,257 And even across it, 386 00:19:36,291 --> 00:19:39,060 Became upset, reacted, and asked for help. 387 00:19:39,094 --> 00:19:41,195 But at the same time, 388 00:19:41,230 --> 00:19:42,830 U.S. Satellite photography 389 00:19:42,865 --> 00:19:45,099 Had been edited to erase all signs 390 00:19:45,133 --> 00:19:48,636 That iraqi forces were digging in with fortifications 391 00:19:48,670 --> 00:19:51,239 And trenches nowhere close to the border. 392 00:19:51,273 --> 00:19:54,375 There is no evidence that hussein ever intended 393 00:19:54,409 --> 00:19:56,377 To invade saudi arabia. 394 00:19:56,411 --> 00:19:59,680 The deception was exposed when a japanese newspaper 395 00:19:59,715 --> 00:20:03,718 Obtained photos taken by a soviet commercial satellite company 396 00:20:03,752 --> 00:20:07,021 Showing no military activity near the border. 397 00:20:07,055 --> 00:20:09,056 Newsweek followed up, calling it 398 00:20:09,091 --> 00:20:11,893 "the missing military presence." 399 00:20:11,927 --> 00:20:14,462 Pressure, nonetheless, mounted quickly. 400 00:20:14,496 --> 00:20:16,797 If hussein took saudi arabia, 401 00:20:16,832 --> 00:20:18,866 He'd have control of at least 1/5... 402 00:20:18,901 --> 00:20:22,236 If not more... of the world's oil supply. 403 00:20:22,271 --> 00:20:24,071 The israeli press led the charge, 404 00:20:24,106 --> 00:20:27,642 Decrying u.S. Impotence and the weakness of Bush... 405 00:20:27,676 --> 00:20:29,644 Who resembled, one editorial said, 406 00:20:29,678 --> 00:20:33,547 "chamberlain in his knowing capitulation to hitler." 407 00:20:33,565 --> 00:20:35,900 The ever-adaptable Bush 408 00:20:35,934 --> 00:20:38,836 Turned the tired analogy on its head... 409 00:20:38,870 --> 00:20:41,706 Repeatedly comparing saddam to hitler. 410 00:20:41,740 --> 00:20:44,208 We're dealing with hitler revisited. 411 00:20:44,243 --> 00:20:47,511 A totalitarianism and a brutality 412 00:20:47,546 --> 00:20:49,947 That is naked and unprecedented 413 00:20:49,982 --> 00:20:51,882 In modern times. 414 00:20:51,917 --> 00:20:54,719 And that must not stand. 415 00:20:54,753 --> 00:20:59,023 Stone: Concerned that saudi arabia might come up with an alternative solution 416 00:20:59,057 --> 00:21:01,192 To the crisis, he quickly announced 417 00:21:01,226 --> 00:21:04,128 U.S. Troops were headed to the persian gulf. 418 00:21:04,162 --> 00:21:05,730 Meanwhile, kuwaiti officials 419 00:21:05,764 --> 00:21:09,000 Hired the world's largest public relations firm... 420 00:21:09,034 --> 00:21:11,369 Hill knowlton... to orchestrate 421 00:21:11,403 --> 00:21:13,437 The largest foreign-funded effort 422 00:21:13,472 --> 00:21:17,008 Ever undertaken to manipulate u. S. Public opinion. 423 00:21:17,042 --> 00:21:20,111 In October '90, in a congressional caucus 424 00:21:20,145 --> 00:21:22,246 Organized by hill knowlton, 425 00:21:22,281 --> 00:21:24,315 A 15-year-old kuwaiti girl testified 426 00:21:24,349 --> 00:21:28,286 That she'd been a volunteer in a kuwaiti hospital 427 00:21:28,320 --> 00:21:30,688 When iraqi troops burst in. 428 00:21:30,722 --> 00:21:33,491 They took the babies out of the incubators. 429 00:21:35,927 --> 00:21:37,361 Took the incubators, 430 00:21:37,396 --> 00:21:39,864 And left the children to die on the cold floor. 431 00:21:39,898 --> 00:21:42,300 Stone: It was a masterful performance. 432 00:21:42,334 --> 00:21:45,870 Bush cited the story repeatedly in making the case for war. 433 00:21:45,904 --> 00:21:48,572 Turns your stomach when you listen to the tales 434 00:21:48,607 --> 00:21:51,142 Of those that had escaped the brutality 435 00:21:51,176 --> 00:21:53,044 Of saddam the invader. 436 00:21:53,078 --> 00:21:54,545 Mass hangings. 437 00:21:54,579 --> 00:21:56,981 Babies pulled from incubators 438 00:21:57,015 --> 00:22:00,184 And scattered like firewood across the floor... 439 00:22:00,218 --> 00:22:02,953 Stone: It was later discovered that the young witness 440 00:22:02,988 --> 00:22:04,722 Had never been at the hospital, 441 00:22:04,756 --> 00:22:08,025 But was the daughter of the kuwaiti ambassador to the u.S. 442 00:22:08,060 --> 00:22:11,262 And a member of the ruling family. 443 00:22:11,296 --> 00:22:13,297 By the time the fraud was exposed, 444 00:22:13,332 --> 00:22:16,033 The u.S. Bombing of baghdad had begun. 445 00:22:16,068 --> 00:22:19,437 The u.S. Public was nonetheless divided. 446 00:22:19,471 --> 00:22:21,605 The leaders of saudi arabia 447 00:22:21,640 --> 00:22:24,809 And especially the loathsome anti-semitic regime 448 00:22:24,843 --> 00:22:27,712 Of kuwait were cruel despots... 449 00:22:27,746 --> 00:22:30,481 Hardly enamored of democracy for their own people. 450 00:22:30,515 --> 00:22:33,050 Nor were crucial u. S. Interests at stake 451 00:22:33,085 --> 00:22:35,686 When iraq and kuwait's oil combined 452 00:22:35,721 --> 00:22:38,389 For less than 10% of u.S. Imports. 453 00:22:38,423 --> 00:22:41,726 In late November, cheney warned 454 00:22:41,760 --> 00:22:44,895 That iraq could have a nuclear device within a year 455 00:22:44,930 --> 00:22:46,497 And would likely use it. 456 00:22:46,531 --> 00:22:50,668 It was a card Cheney would play again in coming years. 457 00:22:50,702 --> 00:22:52,570 N.S.C. Advisor brent scowcroft 458 00:22:52,604 --> 00:22:55,306 Added a terrorist threat for good measure. 459 00:22:55,340 --> 00:22:56,907 I've known for... 460 00:22:56,942 --> 00:23:00,478 Stone: Stung by the criticisms of his illegal panama invasion, 461 00:23:00,512 --> 00:23:02,947 Bush took the measure to congress. 462 00:23:02,981 --> 00:23:05,816 And though anti-war protesters filled the streets, 463 00:23:05,851 --> 00:23:07,851 Congress narrowly passed the resolution 464 00:23:07,853 --> 00:23:10,354 In January '91. 465 00:23:10,389 --> 00:23:15,659 By that time, over 560,000 u. S. Troops were in the region. 466 00:23:15,694 --> 00:23:17,535 The total would reach 700,000. 467 00:23:17,562 --> 00:23:21,232 Schwarzkopf claimed the u.S. Was facing 468 00:23:21,266 --> 00:23:23,267 A million-man iraqi land force 469 00:23:23,301 --> 00:23:26,103 With high-quality soviet tanks 470 00:23:26,138 --> 00:23:28,839 And openly willing to use chemical weapons. 471 00:23:28,874 --> 00:23:31,208 Operation: Desert storm... 472 00:23:31,243 --> 00:23:34,512 Which began on January 17, 1991... 473 00:23:34,546 --> 00:23:37,381 By openly sending combat troops 474 00:23:37,416 --> 00:23:40,684 In huge numbers into a middle-eastern country 475 00:23:40,719 --> 00:23:43,320 Marked the beginning of a new era 476 00:23:43,355 --> 00:23:45,790 In american geopolitics. 477 00:23:45,824 --> 00:23:49,260 It would take the country deeper into a rabbit hole 478 00:23:49,294 --> 00:23:51,595 It had never been before. 479 00:23:51,630 --> 00:23:54,732 For five weeks, with new, awe-inspiring 480 00:23:54,766 --> 00:23:57,067 Television-friendly high-tech weapons 481 00:23:57,102 --> 00:23:59,837 Including cruise and tomahawk missiles 482 00:23:59,871 --> 00:24:02,072 And laser-guided bombs, 483 00:24:02,107 --> 00:24:06,444 U.S. Airstrikes pulverized iraq's communications, 484 00:24:06,478 --> 00:24:09,513 Military, and industrial infrastructure. 485 00:24:09,548 --> 00:24:12,349 On television, the american population 486 00:24:12,384 --> 00:24:14,185 Had never seen firepower like this. 487 00:24:14,219 --> 00:24:16,554 Arnett: The headquarters of president saddam hussein 488 00:24:16,588 --> 00:24:19,623 And socialist ba'ath party took a direct hit, 489 00:24:19,658 --> 00:24:21,926 And the u.S. Has been bombing the periphery... 490 00:24:21,960 --> 00:24:24,995 Stone: It was the beginning of the video game era. 491 00:24:25,030 --> 00:24:27,932 And it was dazzling as iraq was reduced, 492 00:24:27,966 --> 00:24:32,670 According to the u.N., to a near-apocalyptic, pre-industrial age. 493 00:24:32,704 --> 00:24:36,407 The ground invasion lasted 100 hours 494 00:24:36,441 --> 00:24:39,977 With u.S. And saudi forces routing demoralized, 495 00:24:40,011 --> 00:24:43,013 Poorly-trained iraqi troops from kuwait. 496 00:24:43,048 --> 00:24:45,316 A new category of weapons 497 00:24:45,350 --> 00:24:49,053 Made out of depleted uranium was born. 498 00:24:49,087 --> 00:24:51,489 Their radioactivity and chemical toxicity 499 00:24:51,523 --> 00:24:54,325 Would produce cancers and birth defects. 500 00:24:54,359 --> 00:24:57,862 Victims would include u. S. Soldiers who suffered 501 00:24:57,896 --> 00:25:03,367 Mysteriously for years from what became known as "gulf war syndrome." 502 00:25:03,401 --> 00:25:06,637 Enough of the republican guard escaped to slaughter 503 00:25:06,671 --> 00:25:10,574 To ensure that saddam would retain his hold on power. 504 00:25:10,609 --> 00:25:13,377 Bush and his advisors decided not to push 505 00:25:13,411 --> 00:25:15,513 To baghdad to overthrow the regime. 506 00:25:15,547 --> 00:25:19,049 Such a move would bolster iraq's enemy iran 507 00:25:19,084 --> 00:25:22,353 And might antagonize america's arab allies. 508 00:25:22,387 --> 00:25:25,523 But american officials urged the iraqis 509 00:25:25,557 --> 00:25:29,360 To rise up and topple hussein themselves. 510 00:25:29,394 --> 00:25:32,730 When iraqi kurds and shiites responded 511 00:25:32,764 --> 00:25:35,466 In large numbers, the u.S. Stood idly by 512 00:25:35,500 --> 00:25:38,536 While the government crushed the uprisings 513 00:25:38,570 --> 00:25:41,539 Using poison gas and helicopter gun ships. 514 00:25:41,573 --> 00:25:45,342 Despite the slaughter, Bush said... 515 00:25:45,377 --> 00:25:48,012 Bush: The specter of vietnam has been buried forever 516 00:25:48,046 --> 00:25:50,881 In the desert sands of the arabian peninsula. 517 00:25:50,916 --> 00:25:54,251 Stone: He called it a "new world order." 518 00:25:54,286 --> 00:25:57,955 But among those who saw through what he called 519 00:25:57,989 --> 00:25:59,857 A "burst of triumphalism" 520 00:25:59,891 --> 00:26:02,826 Was the notoriously peevish conservative 521 00:26:02,861 --> 00:26:05,162 "washington post" columnist george will 522 00:26:05,196 --> 00:26:06,997 Who wrote... 523 00:26:07,032 --> 00:26:09,133 "if that war, in which the United States 524 00:26:09,167 --> 00:26:13,137 And a largely rented and potemkin coalition of allies 525 00:26:13,171 --> 00:26:16,974 Smashed a nation with a g.N.P. Of kentucky 526 00:26:17,008 --> 00:26:20,311 Could make america feel good about itself, 527 00:26:20,345 --> 00:26:24,815 Then america should not feel good about itself." 528 00:26:24,849 --> 00:26:26,584 More than 200,000 iraqis 529 00:26:26,618 --> 00:26:29,920 Died in the war and its immediate aftermath. 530 00:26:29,955 --> 00:26:33,090 Approximately half of them civilians. 531 00:26:33,124 --> 00:26:35,192 The u.S. Death toll stood at less than... 532 00:26:35,226 --> 00:26:36,860 200. 533 00:26:36,895 --> 00:26:38,629 Privately, in his diary, 534 00:26:38,663 --> 00:26:40,631 Bush wrote he was experiencing... 535 00:26:51,543 --> 00:26:54,345 Something was clearly missing. 536 00:26:54,379 --> 00:26:57,181 The laurels of victory and a true peace 537 00:26:57,215 --> 00:27:00,884 Would be squandered, not in the sands of kuwait, 538 00:27:00,919 --> 00:27:05,155 But in Bush's lack of foresight and vision in acquiring 539 00:27:05,190 --> 00:27:07,725 A true ally in the soviet union. 540 00:27:07,759 --> 00:27:12,396 Just a few weeks after signing the start one treaty, 541 00:27:12,430 --> 00:27:15,399 As he prepared to move towards greater autonomy 542 00:27:15,433 --> 00:27:17,234 For the soviet republics, 543 00:27:17,268 --> 00:27:19,670 Gorbachev was placed under house arrest 544 00:27:19,704 --> 00:27:23,907 By communist hardliners in August '91. 545 00:27:23,942 --> 00:27:26,877 Boris yeltsin, president of the russian republic, 546 00:27:26,911 --> 00:27:30,714 Led a popular uprising that returned gorbachev to power. 547 00:27:30,749 --> 00:27:32,249 But time was running out. 548 00:27:32,283 --> 00:27:34,785 For the people, there had been too many changes 549 00:27:34,819 --> 00:27:36,120 Too fast. 550 00:27:36,154 --> 00:27:37,788 And not enough order. 551 00:27:37,822 --> 00:27:42,126 Condemned and rejected, on christmas day 1991, 552 00:27:42,160 --> 00:27:44,795 Gorbachev, one of the most visionary 553 00:27:44,829 --> 00:27:48,198 And transformative leaders of the 20th century, 554 00:27:48,233 --> 00:27:51,602 Resigned in a form of disgrace. 555 00:27:51,636 --> 00:27:55,906 The russian people had no idea what was in store for them. 556 00:27:55,940 --> 00:27:57,341 But neither did george Bush. 557 00:27:57,375 --> 00:28:00,511 - ( fanfare plays ) - His 91% approval rating 558 00:28:00,545 --> 00:28:02,846 At the end of the persian gulf war 559 00:28:02,881 --> 00:28:07,084 Blinded leading democrats to his electoral vulnerability, 560 00:28:07,118 --> 00:28:10,254 Leaving the door open for little-known arkansas governor 561 00:28:10,288 --> 00:28:14,425 Bill clinton to run as a new kind of democrat. 562 00:28:14,459 --> 00:28:16,260 The crowd that's running washington today 563 00:28:16,294 --> 00:28:19,596 Has had 12 years to test their economic theory, 564 00:28:19,631 --> 00:28:20,698 And it's failed. 565 00:28:20,732 --> 00:28:22,366 The charming compassionate man 566 00:28:22,400 --> 00:28:25,202 Who wanted to be all things to all people, 567 00:28:25,236 --> 00:28:26,603 Clinton, with the help of 568 00:28:26,638 --> 00:28:28,539 Third-party conservative independent 569 00:28:28,573 --> 00:28:31,208 Businessman ross perot 570 00:28:31,242 --> 00:28:34,445 Siphoning off 19% of the popular vote, 571 00:28:34,479 --> 00:28:38,248 Surprisingly upset george Bush. 572 00:28:38,283 --> 00:28:40,084 It seemed like a golden moment. 573 00:28:40,118 --> 00:28:42,086 After all, the United States had been blaming 574 00:28:42,120 --> 00:28:45,089 - Social and political upheaval on the soviet union... - ( Soviet anthem playing ) 575 00:28:45,123 --> 00:28:48,092 For the previous 46 years. 576 00:28:48,126 --> 00:28:50,761 Now with a democrat in the white house, 577 00:28:50,795 --> 00:28:53,764 How could we justify the bloated military budget 578 00:28:53,798 --> 00:28:55,265 That for decades had diverted resources... 579 00:28:55,300 --> 00:28:56,767 ( fanfare playing ) 580 00:28:56,801 --> 00:28:59,770 As in the soviet union, from needed development? 581 00:28:59,804 --> 00:29:03,307 Would there at last be the celebrated peace dividend? 582 00:29:03,341 --> 00:29:06,243 ( rock music playing ) 583 00:29:06,277 --> 00:29:09,079 The euphoria over clinton proved short-lived. 584 00:29:09,114 --> 00:29:11,281 Republicans wounded 585 00:29:11,316 --> 00:29:14,118 Clinton out of the gate by blocking his plan 586 00:29:14,152 --> 00:29:17,287 For the open admission of gays into the military. 587 00:29:17,322 --> 00:29:21,191 Also, questioning his avoidance of service during vietnam. 588 00:29:21,226 --> 00:29:22,793 Even more damagingly, 589 00:29:22,827 --> 00:29:25,129 The republicans went to political war 590 00:29:25,163 --> 00:29:26,797 With their business allies 591 00:29:26,831 --> 00:29:30,267 To frighten the public and defeat clinton's 592 00:29:30,301 --> 00:29:33,370 Ambitious healthcare plan to cover tens of millions 593 00:29:33,404 --> 00:29:35,472 Of uninsured citizens. 594 00:29:35,507 --> 00:29:38,208 Republicans called it the "battle of the bulge 595 00:29:38,243 --> 00:29:41,044 Of big government liberalism." 596 00:29:41,079 --> 00:29:44,481 It's time to bring about fundamental change... 597 00:29:44,516 --> 00:29:47,484 Control our nation's soaring healthcare costs. 598 00:29:47,519 --> 00:29:49,586 Among advanced industrial countries, 599 00:29:49,621 --> 00:29:52,456 Only the United States and apartheid south africa 600 00:29:52,490 --> 00:29:55,459 Lacked a national healthcare system. 601 00:29:55,493 --> 00:29:58,262 Its defeat in the conservative media 602 00:29:58,296 --> 00:30:00,898 And in the public perception was exaggerated 603 00:30:00,932 --> 00:30:03,901 And gave momentum to an even stronger 604 00:30:03,935 --> 00:30:05,569 Republican renaissance 605 00:30:05,603 --> 00:30:08,338 When the 1994 midterm elections 606 00:30:08,373 --> 00:30:10,240 Achieved republican control 607 00:30:10,275 --> 00:30:12,242 Of both branches 608 00:30:12,277 --> 00:30:14,278 Of congress for the first time 609 00:30:14,312 --> 00:30:15,612 In 40 years. 610 00:30:15,647 --> 00:30:17,781 Amazingly, at a time when there were 611 00:30:17,816 --> 00:30:19,950 No international crises, 612 00:30:19,984 --> 00:30:23,187 Both parties lurched further to the right. 613 00:30:23,221 --> 00:30:26,857 Clinton, without much of a mandate and vulnerable, 614 00:30:26,891 --> 00:30:30,027 Ended aid to families with dependent children, 615 00:30:30,061 --> 00:30:33,831 Which had helped poor families since the great depression. 616 00:30:33,882 --> 00:30:35,849 He supported the war on drugs 617 00:30:35,884 --> 00:30:38,085 And tough-on-crime legislation. 618 00:30:38,119 --> 00:30:40,087 The u.S. Prison population exploded 619 00:30:40,121 --> 00:30:42,990 From a half-million in 1980, 620 00:30:43,024 --> 00:30:44,992 To two million by 2000. 621 00:30:45,026 --> 00:30:47,327 Many of these victimless drug crimes. 622 00:30:49,130 --> 00:30:52,766 Post-soviet russia moved drastically to the right. 623 00:30:52,800 --> 00:30:54,760 Yeltsin turned to harvard economist 624 00:30:54,769 --> 00:30:56,904 Jeffrey sachs and other experts, 625 00:30:56,938 --> 00:30:58,872 Such as under secretary of the treasury 626 00:30:58,907 --> 00:31:00,207 Lawrence summers, 627 00:31:00,241 --> 00:31:03,844 For help in privatizing the economy. 628 00:31:03,878 --> 00:31:06,880 With them came the g/7, 629 00:31:06,915 --> 00:31:10,350 The international money fund and the world bank, 630 00:31:10,385 --> 00:31:12,152 With a form of economic "shock therapy" 631 00:31:12,186 --> 00:31:14,922 Yet unknown to the russian people. 632 00:31:14,956 --> 00:31:18,292 The flirtation with capitalism proved surreal. 633 00:31:18,326 --> 00:31:21,128 Yeltsin quickly deregulated the economy, 634 00:31:21,162 --> 00:31:23,864 Privatized state enterprises and resources, 635 00:31:23,898 --> 00:31:27,301 Eliminated desperately-needed subsidies and price controls 636 00:31:27,335 --> 00:31:29,803 And established privately-owned monopolies. 637 00:31:29,837 --> 00:31:32,306 The people called it "the great grab," 638 00:31:32,340 --> 00:31:35,242 As the nation's factories were sold for a pittance 639 00:31:35,276 --> 00:31:38,478 To opportunistic private investors 640 00:31:38,513 --> 00:31:41,448 Including former communist officials who became 641 00:31:41,482 --> 00:31:43,450 Multi-millionaires overnight. 642 00:31:43,484 --> 00:31:45,252 While a newer money generation 643 00:31:45,286 --> 00:31:47,721 Was celebrating its new freedoms, 644 00:31:47,755 --> 00:31:49,623 Most russians' life savings 645 00:31:49,657 --> 00:31:51,358 Were wiped out 646 00:31:51,392 --> 00:31:54,461 By hyper-inflation, and tens of millions of jobs 647 00:31:54,495 --> 00:31:55,629 Were lost. 648 00:31:55,663 --> 00:31:56,997 Life expectancy plummeted 649 00:31:57,031 --> 00:32:01,335 From 67 to 57 years for men; 650 00:32:01,369 --> 00:32:03,870 76 to 70 for women. 651 00:32:03,905 --> 00:32:06,740 Russia's economy shrank to the size 652 00:32:06,774 --> 00:32:08,875 Of the netherlands, as it was rapidly becoming 653 00:32:08,910 --> 00:32:10,877 A second world power. 654 00:32:10,912 --> 00:32:12,346 The western aid and debt relief 655 00:32:12,380 --> 00:32:16,183 That sachs had promised never materialized. 656 00:32:16,217 --> 00:32:18,852 Sachs later blamed Cheney and paul wolfowitz 657 00:32:18,886 --> 00:32:22,823 For pursuing long-term u. S. Military dominance 658 00:32:22,857 --> 00:32:24,524 Over russia. 659 00:32:24,559 --> 00:32:26,526 Gorbachev, in his recent memoir 660 00:32:26,561 --> 00:32:28,695 "alone with myself," 661 00:32:28,730 --> 00:32:32,299 Reflected that yeltsin was preferred by Bush's inner circle 662 00:32:32,333 --> 00:32:34,701 And eventually Bush, himself as... 663 00:32:42,744 --> 00:32:45,245 And that a... 664 00:32:55,289 --> 00:32:58,425 Anti-americanism came back into vogue. 665 00:32:58,459 --> 00:33:01,595 Russians bristled as clinton pushed u.S. Involvement 666 00:33:01,629 --> 00:33:03,930 In the energy-rich caspian basin 667 00:33:03,965 --> 00:33:05,932 And expanded nato to include 668 00:33:05,967 --> 00:33:09,269 Hungary, poland and the czech republic. 669 00:33:09,303 --> 00:33:11,438 92-year-old cold war architect 670 00:33:11,472 --> 00:33:16,476 George kennan called this an enormous and historic strategic error. 671 00:33:16,511 --> 00:33:19,479 ( indistinct ) 672 00:33:19,514 --> 00:33:21,314 Many russians were coming to believe 673 00:33:21,349 --> 00:33:24,651 The u.S. Was imposing a "reverse iron curtain" 674 00:33:24,686 --> 00:33:25,719 On russia's border. 675 00:33:25,753 --> 00:33:27,387 ( laughing ) 676 00:33:27,422 --> 00:33:30,057 Though clinton professed himself a friend of yeltsin, 677 00:33:30,091 --> 00:33:32,559 Polls showed 77% of the population 678 00:33:32,593 --> 00:33:35,562 Preferring order over the 9% 679 00:33:35,596 --> 00:33:38,832 Choosing this form of democracy... 680 00:33:38,866 --> 00:33:42,369 Many pining for the good old days of stalin. 681 00:33:42,403 --> 00:33:44,971 Perceiving the increasingly unpopular yeltsin 682 00:33:45,006 --> 00:33:46,206 As a drunkard, 683 00:33:46,240 --> 00:33:48,375 They deplored his illegal shut down 684 00:33:48,409 --> 00:33:52,045 Of an armed assault on the elected parliament, 685 00:33:52,080 --> 00:33:54,748 Suspending the constitution and ruling 686 00:33:54,782 --> 00:33:57,918 Primarily by decree for the rest of the decade. 687 00:33:57,952 --> 00:34:01,254 Polling single digit approval ratings, 688 00:34:01,289 --> 00:34:04,257 Yeltsin resigned on the eve of the new century, 689 00:34:04,292 --> 00:34:06,993 To be replaced by former kgb officer 690 00:34:07,028 --> 00:34:08,729 Vladimir putin, who brought 691 00:34:08,763 --> 00:34:11,565 Russia back from the brink 692 00:34:11,599 --> 00:34:14,968 By reinstating a strong tyrannical centralizing power... 693 00:34:15,002 --> 00:34:17,704 In the old russian style. 694 00:34:18,706 --> 00:34:19,706 Throughout the '90s, 695 00:34:19,741 --> 00:34:21,208 Clinton's administration, 696 00:34:21,242 --> 00:34:24,995 Eager to take economic advantage wherever possible, 697 00:34:25,046 --> 00:34:29,332 Pushed for building pipelines to ship the rich oil and gas reserves 698 00:34:29,367 --> 00:34:32,335 Valued in the three to six trillion dollar range 699 00:34:32,370 --> 00:34:35,338 From former soviet republics in central asia 700 00:34:35,373 --> 00:34:39,976 Along routes that bypassed iran and russia. 701 00:34:40,011 --> 00:34:44,931 Meanwhile, the fundamentalist taliban took over Afghanistan 702 00:34:44,966 --> 00:34:47,601 And welcomed back the wealthy saudi jihadist 703 00:34:47,635 --> 00:34:49,035 Osama bin laden 704 00:34:49,070 --> 00:34:52,939 To establish al qaeda... "the base"... in their country. 705 00:34:52,974 --> 00:34:57,444 Although he had been a part of the c.I.A. Netherworld of the '80s, 706 00:34:57,478 --> 00:35:00,180 Bin laden was now totally focused on driving 707 00:35:00,214 --> 00:35:03,683 The u.S. And its allies out of the muslim world... 708 00:35:03,718 --> 00:35:07,754 Decrying especially the presence of u.S. Troops in saudi arabia... 709 00:35:07,789 --> 00:35:10,290 Islam's holiest land. 710 00:35:10,324 --> 00:35:13,794 Pointing as well to u.S. Support for israel, 711 00:35:13,828 --> 00:35:17,798 In 1992 he issued his first religious fatwa. 712 00:35:17,832 --> 00:35:21,468 Two mysterious bombings followed in saudi arabia, 713 00:35:21,502 --> 00:35:25,806 Killing more than 20 u. S. Military personnel. 714 00:35:25,840 --> 00:35:29,142 Bin laden denied al qaeda's involvement. 715 00:35:29,177 --> 00:35:31,812 And the saudi government, with its close ties 716 00:35:31,846 --> 00:35:34,815 To the influential bin laden family, 717 00:35:34,849 --> 00:35:38,151 Steered the fbi investigation towards iran, 718 00:35:38,186 --> 00:35:40,187 A perceived u.S. Enemy. 719 00:35:41,556 --> 00:35:43,657 In '98, u.S. Embassies 720 00:35:43,691 --> 00:35:46,993 In kenya and tanzania were bombed, 721 00:35:47,028 --> 00:35:49,029 Killing more than 200. 722 00:35:49,063 --> 00:35:52,365 In 2000, bin laden claimed responsibility 723 00:35:52,400 --> 00:35:56,469 For al qaeda striking the u.S. Navy ship cole, 724 00:35:56,504 --> 00:35:59,406 Killing 17. 725 00:35:59,440 --> 00:36:02,909 Since the gulf war, u. N. Weapons inspectors 726 00:36:02,944 --> 00:36:06,446 Had been overseeing destruction of iraq's wmd 727 00:36:06,480 --> 00:36:10,000 As u.S. And british enforced no-fly zones 728 00:36:10,034 --> 00:36:15,172 And harsh u.N. Sanctions had caused immense suffering. 729 00:36:15,206 --> 00:36:17,340 The clinton administration falsely blamed 730 00:36:17,375 --> 00:36:20,010 The estimated deaths of some half million children 731 00:36:20,044 --> 00:36:24,614 From disease and malnutrition on dictator saddam hussein. 732 00:36:24,649 --> 00:36:26,950 You know, is the price worth it? 733 00:36:26,984 --> 00:36:29,619 I think this is a very hard choice. 734 00:36:29,654 --> 00:36:31,321 But the price... we think the price 735 00:36:31,355 --> 00:36:32,389 Is worth it. 736 00:36:32,423 --> 00:36:34,558 Stone: The tough-talking albright 737 00:36:34,592 --> 00:36:38,929 Insisted that hussein's use of wmd was a greater threat 738 00:36:38,963 --> 00:36:40,697 To u.S. Security. 739 00:36:40,731 --> 00:36:43,867 And on another occasion, she said quite openly, 740 00:36:43,901 --> 00:36:46,636 "if we have to use force, it is because 741 00:36:46,671 --> 00:36:48,104 We are america. 742 00:36:48,139 --> 00:36:50,140 We are the indispensable nation. 743 00:36:50,174 --> 00:36:53,526 We stand tall and we see further 744 00:36:53,561 --> 00:36:55,795 Than other countries into the future." 745 00:37:06,357 --> 00:37:09,492 Although the United States faced no clear threat 746 00:37:09,527 --> 00:37:11,528 From hostile nations, 747 00:37:11,562 --> 00:37:14,698 The clinton administration proved even more tough-minded 748 00:37:14,732 --> 00:37:18,001 On defense than their republican adversaries 749 00:37:18,035 --> 00:37:20,670 And squandered the supposed peace dividend 750 00:37:20,705 --> 00:37:22,505 In a new wave of spending. 751 00:37:24,141 --> 00:37:26,276 In January 2000, his administration added 752 00:37:26,310 --> 00:37:28,278 115 million dollars 753 00:37:28,312 --> 00:37:32,148 To the pentagon's projected five-year defense plan. 754 00:37:32,183 --> 00:37:35,485 It continued spending profusely on missile defense. 755 00:37:35,519 --> 00:37:39,322 Clinton also refused to sign the ottawa land-mines treaty 756 00:37:39,357 --> 00:37:43,326 And oversaw a significant increase in u.S. Arms sales 757 00:37:43,361 --> 00:37:48,865 To almost 60% of the world's market by 1997. 758 00:37:48,899 --> 00:37:53,370 Historian chalmers johnson summed up these years in 2004, 759 00:37:53,404 --> 00:37:55,538 "in the first post-cold war decade, 760 00:37:55,573 --> 00:37:57,374 We mounted many actions 761 00:37:57,408 --> 00:37:59,376 To perpetuate and extend 762 00:37:59,410 --> 00:38:00,877 Our global power, including wars 763 00:38:00,911 --> 00:38:03,713 And humanitarian interventions 764 00:38:03,748 --> 00:38:06,216 In panama, the persian gulf, 765 00:38:06,250 --> 00:38:09,052 Somalia, haiti, bosnia, 766 00:38:09,086 --> 00:38:10,887 Colombia and serbia, 767 00:38:10,921 --> 00:38:14,724 While maintaining unchanged our cold war deployments 768 00:38:14,759 --> 00:38:17,394 In east asia and in the pacific." 769 00:38:17,428 --> 00:38:21,498 This emerging bipartisan foreign policy seemed set in stone. 770 00:38:21,532 --> 00:38:22,999 There would be no debate. 771 00:38:23,034 --> 00:38:24,834 Clinton saw u.S. Actions abroad 772 00:38:24,869 --> 00:38:27,504 Not as those of an aggressive resource-hungry empire 773 00:38:27,538 --> 00:38:30,006 But as a necessary force for stability 774 00:38:30,041 --> 00:38:32,475 In a new world order based on 775 00:38:32,510 --> 00:38:34,611 America's concepts of democracy 776 00:38:34,645 --> 00:38:35,945 And free markets. 777 00:38:35,980 --> 00:38:37,013 He did nothing in the end 778 00:38:37,048 --> 00:38:39,616 To challenge the basic structures 779 00:38:39,650 --> 00:38:42,419 Of this empire. 780 00:38:42,453 --> 00:38:47,090 Although his last two years were severely damaged by a sex scandal with an intern... 781 00:38:47,124 --> 00:38:52,095 I did not have sexual relations with that woman. 782 00:38:52,129 --> 00:38:54,597 Stone: And an embarrassing trial for impeachment 783 00:38:54,632 --> 00:38:58,902 That once more blurred in a sensationalist media 784 00:38:58,936 --> 00:39:01,037 Far more significant events. 785 00:39:01,072 --> 00:39:03,373 "slick willie," as some called him, 786 00:39:03,407 --> 00:39:05,508 In his inestimable way, 787 00:39:05,543 --> 00:39:07,911 Avoided major disasters. 788 00:39:07,945 --> 00:39:11,414 Benefitting from a resurgent global economy 789 00:39:11,449 --> 00:39:14,684 Favoring u.S. Markets and finance, 790 00:39:14,719 --> 00:39:16,186 Clinton left behind 791 00:39:16,220 --> 00:39:18,855 A temporarily prosperous country 792 00:39:18,889 --> 00:39:20,724 With a huge surplus. 793 00:39:20,758 --> 00:39:25,362 Expecting to capitalize on parts of this legacy, 794 00:39:25,396 --> 00:39:29,366 His party nominated vice president al gore in 2000. 795 00:39:29,400 --> 00:39:31,701 A forward-looking, experienced man, 796 00:39:31,736 --> 00:39:35,805 Who repeatedly warned of a world ecological disaster 797 00:39:35,840 --> 00:39:39,976 Looming in a changing climate that needed controlling, 798 00:39:40,010 --> 00:39:42,645 He would back away from this issue considerably 799 00:39:42,680 --> 00:39:44,814 During the final campaign. 800 00:39:44,849 --> 00:39:48,818 The here and now being of more importance to the average voter. 801 00:39:48,853 --> 00:39:52,422 Republicans countered with a self-proclaimed 802 00:39:52,456 --> 00:39:55,258 "compassionate conservative," texas governor george w. Bush, 803 00:39:55,292 --> 00:40:00,029 Son of george h.W. And grandson of prescott. 804 00:40:00,064 --> 00:40:01,564 People watching here tonight, 805 00:40:01,599 --> 00:40:04,067 They wanna base their vote 806 00:40:04,101 --> 00:40:06,503 On differences between the two of you 807 00:40:06,537 --> 00:40:08,738 As president. Is there any difference? 808 00:40:08,773 --> 00:40:12,409 I just think, jim, that this is an absolutely unique period 809 00:40:12,443 --> 00:40:13,743 In world history. 810 00:40:13,778 --> 00:40:15,745 And we have a fundamental choice to make. 811 00:40:15,780 --> 00:40:18,248 Are we gonna step up to the plate as a nation, 812 00:40:18,282 --> 00:40:20,583 The way we did after world war ii? 813 00:40:20,618 --> 00:40:22,919 The way that generation of heroes said, 814 00:40:22,953 --> 00:40:25,088 "okay, the United States is gonna... 815 00:40:25,122 --> 00:40:26,923 Is gonna be the leader." 816 00:40:26,957 --> 00:40:28,925 And the world benefitted tremendously 817 00:40:28,959 --> 00:40:32,762 From the courage that they showed in those post-war years. 818 00:40:32,797 --> 00:40:35,932 I think that in the aftermath of the cold war, 819 00:40:35,966 --> 00:40:38,935 It's time for us to do something very similar, 820 00:40:38,969 --> 00:40:41,771 To step up to the plate, to provide the leadership... 821 00:40:41,806 --> 00:40:43,940 Leadership on the environment, leadership to make sure 822 00:40:43,974 --> 00:40:47,277 The world economy keeps moving in the right direction. 823 00:40:47,311 --> 00:40:49,612 Again, that means not running big deficits here 824 00:40:49,647 --> 00:40:51,948 And not squandering our surplus. 825 00:40:51,982 --> 00:40:54,451 It means having intelligent decisions 826 00:40:54,485 --> 00:40:56,286 That keep our prosperity going 827 00:40:56,320 --> 00:40:58,121 And shepherds that economic strength 828 00:40:58,155 --> 00:41:00,590 So that we can provide that leadership role. 829 00:41:00,624 --> 00:41:02,425 Yeah, I'm not so sure the role of the United States 830 00:41:02,460 --> 00:41:06,262 Is to go around the world and say, "this is the way it's gotta be." 831 00:41:06,297 --> 00:41:09,599 We can help. And maybe it's just our difference in government, 832 00:41:09,633 --> 00:41:11,434 The way we view government. 833 00:41:11,469 --> 00:41:12,602 I mean, I want to empower people. 834 00:41:12,636 --> 00:41:14,771 You know, I wanna help people help themselves, 835 00:41:14,805 --> 00:41:17,607 Not have government tell people what to do. 836 00:41:17,641 --> 00:41:19,776 I just don't think it's the role of the United States 837 00:41:19,810 --> 00:41:21,778 To walk into a country and say, 838 00:41:21,812 --> 00:41:23,732 "we do it this way, so should you." 839 00:41:25,349 --> 00:41:26,816 I'm not exactly sure where the vice president 840 00:41:26,851 --> 00:41:27,951 Is coming from. But I think 841 00:41:27,985 --> 00:41:29,652 What we need to do is convince 842 00:41:29,687 --> 00:41:30,820 People who live in the lands they live in 843 00:41:30,855 --> 00:41:32,322 To build the nations. 844 00:41:32,356 --> 00:41:34,157 Maybe I'm missing something here. 845 00:41:34,191 --> 00:41:37,494 I mean, are we gonna have kind of a nation-building core from america? 846 00:41:37,528 --> 00:41:39,662 Absolutely not. Our military's meant to fight 847 00:41:39,697 --> 00:41:40,997 And win war. 848 00:41:41,031 --> 00:41:42,499 That's what it's meant to do. 849 00:41:42,533 --> 00:41:45,201 And when it gets overextended, morale drops. 850 00:41:45,236 --> 00:41:48,371 But I'm gonna be judicious as to how to use the military. 851 00:41:48,405 --> 00:41:49,672 It needs to be in our vital interest, 852 00:41:49,707 --> 00:41:50,673 The mission needs to be clear 853 00:41:50,708 --> 00:41:53,009 And the exit strategy obvious. 854 00:41:53,043 --> 00:41:55,011 Stone: As he embarked on one of the country's 855 00:41:55,045 --> 00:41:58,014 Most ambitious periods of nation-building, 856 00:41:58,048 --> 00:42:01,518 George Bush actually did more in his eight years in office 857 00:42:01,552 --> 00:42:05,522 Than any other president to bury the world war ii myth 858 00:42:05,556 --> 00:42:09,659 Of american power moderated by fairness. 859 00:42:09,693 --> 00:42:12,829 In hindsight, it was his capacity to conceal 860 00:42:12,863 --> 00:42:15,999 His reactionary intentions that years later 861 00:42:16,033 --> 00:42:18,167 Still confounds and shocks 862 00:42:18,202 --> 00:42:22,405 Many americans from the pre-2001 era. 863 00:42:22,439 --> 00:42:25,591 It stared with the 2000 election itself... 864 00:42:25,609 --> 00:42:27,593 The most scandalous in u.S. History, 865 00:42:27,611 --> 00:42:29,362 Wounding perhaps fatally 866 00:42:29,396 --> 00:42:33,866 The legitimacy of the political process in this country. 867 00:42:33,901 --> 00:42:36,236 Coming as it did at the beginning of a new century 868 00:42:36,270 --> 00:42:39,722 It felt to many like an ominous oracle. 869 00:42:39,773 --> 00:42:44,894 Al gore won the popular mandate by more than 540,000 votes. 870 00:42:44,929 --> 00:42:47,030 But lost florida when more than 10% 871 00:42:47,064 --> 00:42:49,532 Of african americans were disqualified 872 00:42:49,567 --> 00:42:52,068 By an antiquated state voting system, 873 00:42:52,102 --> 00:42:55,238 Overseen by florida governor jeb Bush, 874 00:42:55,272 --> 00:42:56,406 George's younger brother, 875 00:42:56,440 --> 00:42:58,308 And florida secretary of state 876 00:42:58,342 --> 00:43:02,078 Katherine harris, Bush's state campaign manager. 877 00:43:02,112 --> 00:43:05,214 Behooving the shenanigans of a banana republic, 878 00:43:05,249 --> 00:43:07,650 The u.S. Supreme court, without precedent, 879 00:43:07,685 --> 00:43:11,988 Surprisingly intervened in the florida election process 880 00:43:12,022 --> 00:43:15,425 And voted five-to-four to stop a recount... 881 00:43:15,459 --> 00:43:18,194 Thus handing Bush the election. 882 00:43:18,228 --> 00:43:21,064 The majority of these justices had been appointed 883 00:43:21,098 --> 00:43:23,566 In administrations in which Bush's father 884 00:43:23,601 --> 00:43:26,102 Was either president or vice president. 885 00:43:26,136 --> 00:43:28,438 If it had happened in another country 886 00:43:28,472 --> 00:43:32,208 It would had been denounced as a coup by the United States. 887 00:43:32,242 --> 00:43:34,711 The dissenting judges wrote, 888 00:43:34,745 --> 00:43:36,312 "although we may never know 889 00:43:36,347 --> 00:43:38,982 With complete certainty the identity of the winner, 890 00:43:39,016 --> 00:43:41,751 The identity of the loser is perfectly clear. 891 00:43:41,785 --> 00:43:45,088 It is the nation's confidence 892 00:43:45,122 --> 00:43:50,426 In the judge as an impartial guardian of the rule of law." 893 00:43:50,461 --> 00:43:52,545 On a drizzly January day 894 00:43:52,563 --> 00:43:55,047 In 2001, george w. Bush, 895 00:43:55,065 --> 00:43:58,901 The 43rd president, was given the oath of office. 896 00:43:58,936 --> 00:44:02,288 Thousands of protestors were isolated in zones 897 00:44:02,322 --> 00:44:03,623 Far from the cameras. 898 00:44:03,657 --> 00:44:05,458 Befitting a roman emperor, 899 00:44:05,492 --> 00:44:08,094 Surrounded by an entourage of true believers, 900 00:44:08,128 --> 00:44:10,596 Bush held fewer press conferences 901 00:44:10,631 --> 00:44:12,999 Than any other president in history. 902 00:44:13,033 --> 00:44:15,485 Compassion would be in limited supply, 903 00:44:15,519 --> 00:44:19,822 As most of his top appointees hailed from a little-known group called the... 904 00:44:23,360 --> 00:44:26,496 Spearheaded by william kristol and robert kagan, 905 00:44:26,530 --> 00:44:28,831 Which had been organized in 1997 906 00:44:28,866 --> 00:44:31,834 To rekindle the neoconservative vision 907 00:44:31,869 --> 00:44:35,004 Of an unchallenged u. S. Hegemony. 908 00:44:35,039 --> 00:44:38,675 It included defense secretary donald rumsfeld, 909 00:44:38,709 --> 00:44:43,246 His deputy paul wolfowitz, and vice president Dick Cheney. 910 00:44:43,280 --> 00:44:45,915 They deplored the fact that the u.S. Had lost its way 911 00:44:45,949 --> 00:44:48,951 Under clinton and called for a return 912 00:44:48,986 --> 00:44:53,289 To moral clarity and reagan's military strength. 913 00:44:53,323 --> 00:44:55,558 They demanded increased defense spending, 914 00:44:55,592 --> 00:44:57,160 Complete domination of space, 915 00:44:57,194 --> 00:44:59,829 Deployment of a sweeping missile defense system 916 00:44:59,863 --> 00:45:05,001 And the ability to "win multiple, simultaneous major theater wars." 917 00:45:05,035 --> 00:45:08,404 And to police "critical regions," 918 00:45:08,439 --> 00:45:10,239 Especially the oil-rich middle east, 919 00:45:10,274 --> 00:45:11,741 Their first order of business 920 00:45:11,775 --> 00:45:14,243 Was circumventing the u.N. Security council 921 00:45:14,278 --> 00:45:18,181 And toppling saddam hussein. 922 00:45:18,215 --> 00:45:20,349 Gloomy and pathologically secretive, 923 00:45:20,384 --> 00:45:23,019 Dick Cheney would dominate the administration 924 00:45:23,053 --> 00:45:27,023 To an extent no vice president had ever done before, 925 00:45:27,057 --> 00:45:29,459 And made it clear, with republicans controlling 926 00:45:29,493 --> 00:45:32,729 Both houses of congress, the u.S. Was playing 927 00:45:32,763 --> 00:45:34,397 By a much tougher set of rules. 928 00:45:34,431 --> 00:45:38,067 Bush 41 and bill clinton had made efforts 929 00:45:38,102 --> 00:45:40,336 At diplomacy and coalition-building, 930 00:45:40,370 --> 00:45:41,671 But Bush the younger, 931 00:45:41,705 --> 00:45:44,674 In his sense of defiance towards his father, 932 00:45:44,708 --> 00:45:47,343 Came to resemble more a degenerate heir 933 00:45:47,377 --> 00:45:49,846 To an admired roman emperor. 934 00:45:49,880 --> 00:45:51,848 In Bush's mind, both his father 935 00:45:51,882 --> 00:45:55,818 And the sexually undisciplined bill clinton were weak. 936 00:45:55,853 --> 00:45:58,521 Ronald reagan was his idea of strength 937 00:45:58,572 --> 00:46:00,006 And a higher father. 938 00:46:02,025 --> 00:46:04,377 After all, Bush and the neocons 939 00:46:04,411 --> 00:46:07,180 Believed that reagan beat the russians. 940 00:46:07,214 --> 00:46:10,500 Ironically, in early 2001, 941 00:46:10,534 --> 00:46:13,803 "gladiator" was named best film of 2000... 942 00:46:15,405 --> 00:46:17,206 A worldwide success celebrating 943 00:46:17,241 --> 00:46:19,158 Rome's harsh militarism, 944 00:46:19,193 --> 00:46:22,795 And depicting a perverted leadership 945 00:46:22,813 --> 00:46:24,563 That spelled the fall of the roman empire. 946 00:46:24,581 --> 00:46:25,564 Commodus: All I've ever wanted 947 00:46:25,582 --> 00:46:28,267 Was to live up to you... 948 00:46:30,404 --> 00:46:31,671 Caesar. 949 00:46:31,705 --> 00:46:34,657 Your faults as a son 950 00:46:34,708 --> 00:46:36,826 Is my failure 951 00:46:36,877 --> 00:46:38,828 As a father. 952 00:46:38,879 --> 00:46:40,997 I would butcher the whole world... 953 00:46:41,048 --> 00:46:42,165 ( sharply inhales ) 954 00:46:42,216 --> 00:46:44,383 If you would only love me! 955 00:46:47,087 --> 00:46:49,088 ( marcus gasping and groaning ) 956 00:46:53,777 --> 00:46:57,763 Stone: Neoconservative contempt for the united nations 957 00:46:57,798 --> 00:47:00,266 Had always been a given, 958 00:47:00,300 --> 00:47:02,768 But now it seemed they were isolating themselves 959 00:47:02,803 --> 00:47:05,838 Almost entirely from the world community. 960 00:47:05,873 --> 00:47:07,340 The u.S. Withdrew from 961 00:47:07,374 --> 00:47:09,374 The international criminal court treaty 962 00:47:09,376 --> 00:47:12,178 That clinton and virtually every other western democracy 963 00:47:12,212 --> 00:47:14,747 Had negotiated. 964 00:47:14,781 --> 00:47:17,083 They rejected the comprehensive test ban treaty, 965 00:47:17,117 --> 00:47:19,785 Which 150 nations had signed. 966 00:47:19,820 --> 00:47:23,956 Bush repudiated the kyoto protocol on global warming, 967 00:47:23,991 --> 00:47:25,791 And to the shock of the russians, 968 00:47:25,826 --> 00:47:31,130 Abrogated the crucial 1972 anti-ballistic missile treaty 969 00:47:31,164 --> 00:47:35,835 In order to revise the unproven missile defense program. 970 00:47:35,869 --> 00:47:37,336 In general, the media asked few questions 971 00:47:37,371 --> 00:47:40,690 About these abrupt reversals in policy. 972 00:47:40,724 --> 00:47:44,961 Bush disavowed the middle east peace process 973 00:47:44,995 --> 00:47:46,462 And suspended talks with north korea 974 00:47:46,496 --> 00:47:49,432 On its long range missile program. 975 00:47:49,466 --> 00:47:52,935 His administration was "marinated in oil," 976 00:47:52,970 --> 00:47:55,354 Cheney putting together a highly secretive 977 00:47:55,389 --> 00:47:57,857 Energy task force that laid out plans 978 00:47:57,891 --> 00:48:01,027 To control the world's supply. 979 00:48:01,061 --> 00:48:03,529 He'd made his intentions clear in '99 980 00:48:03,564 --> 00:48:06,365 To oil industry executives when he said, 981 00:48:06,400 --> 00:48:09,535 "the middle east with 2/3 of the world's oil 982 00:48:09,570 --> 00:48:11,287 And the lowest cost is still 983 00:48:11,338 --> 00:48:14,807 Where the prize ultimately lies." 984 00:48:14,841 --> 00:48:16,809 Signs of an impending attack 985 00:48:16,843 --> 00:48:19,679 Abounded in the summer of 2001. 986 00:48:19,713 --> 00:48:22,848 Intercepted al qaeda messages said that 987 00:48:22,883 --> 00:48:26,185 "something spectacular was about to happen." 988 00:48:26,219 --> 00:48:28,688 Counter terrorism chief richard clark 989 00:48:28,722 --> 00:48:31,257 Testified that c.I.A. Director george tenet 990 00:48:31,291 --> 00:48:35,261 Was running around washington with his "hair on fire," 991 00:48:35,295 --> 00:48:38,097 Trying to get the attention of national security advisor 992 00:48:38,131 --> 00:48:41,233 Condoleezza rice and president Bush. 993 00:48:41,268 --> 00:48:44,403 But defense secretary rumsfeld and rice, 994 00:48:44,438 --> 00:48:46,505 A former chevron board member 995 00:48:46,540 --> 00:48:50,176 With a double-hulled oil tanker named after her, 996 00:48:50,210 --> 00:48:51,644 Were preoccupied with 997 00:48:51,678 --> 00:48:53,245 Ballistic missile defense 998 00:48:53,280 --> 00:48:55,514 And reforming the pentagon. 999 00:48:55,549 --> 00:48:58,517 Threat reports with headlines like, 1000 00:48:58,552 --> 00:49:01,354 "bin laden threats are real," 1001 00:49:01,388 --> 00:49:04,624 Or "bin laden determined to strike inside the us" 1002 00:49:04,658 --> 00:49:06,292 Were issued. 1003 00:49:06,326 --> 00:49:07,927 But Bush could not focus his attention, 1004 00:49:07,961 --> 00:49:11,430 As he spent more time away from washington 1005 00:49:11,465 --> 00:49:13,265 Than any recent president 1006 00:49:13,300 --> 00:49:16,419 At his sequestered crawford, texas ranch 1007 00:49:16,453 --> 00:49:18,254 Chopping wood. 1008 00:49:18,288 --> 00:49:20,272 He did not enjoy riding horses, 1009 00:49:20,307 --> 00:49:23,609 Unlike his hero reagan. 1010 00:49:23,644 --> 00:49:26,762 At his presidential daily briefing on August 6th, 1011 00:49:26,813 --> 00:49:29,115 Where the threat of al qaeda operatives 1012 00:49:29,149 --> 00:49:32,618 Hijacking planes was discussed, 1013 00:49:32,653 --> 00:49:35,788 Bush disdainfully told his c.I.A. Briefer... 1014 00:49:35,822 --> 00:49:39,458 George w. Bush: All right, you've covered your ass now. 1015 00:49:39,493 --> 00:49:41,127 Stone: Yet with a straight face, 1016 00:49:41,161 --> 00:49:44,296 Bush told a news conference in April 2004... 1017 00:49:44,331 --> 00:49:46,298 Had I had any inkling whatsoever 1018 00:49:46,333 --> 00:49:48,968 That the people were gonna fly airplanes into buildings, 1019 00:49:49,002 --> 00:49:52,138 We would have moved heaven and earth to save the country. 1020 00:49:52,172 --> 00:49:54,306 Stone: Rice was equally disingenuous. 1021 00:49:54,341 --> 00:49:57,810 I don't think anybody could have predicted 1022 00:49:57,844 --> 00:50:00,146 That they would try to use an airplane as a missile, 1023 00:50:00,180 --> 00:50:02,415 A hijacked airplane as a missile. 1024 00:50:02,449 --> 00:50:05,117 Stone: Although the fbi was issuing reports 1025 00:50:05,152 --> 00:50:07,787 Of individuals taking flying lessons 1026 00:50:07,821 --> 00:50:11,457 Who had no interest in learning how to land. 1027 00:50:11,491 --> 00:50:13,609 As dissatisfaction was mounting 1028 00:50:13,643 --> 00:50:16,612 Over Bush's incompetent governance, 1029 00:50:16,646 --> 00:50:18,614 The terrorists struck the u.S.A. 1030 00:50:18,648 --> 00:50:21,784 In a highly ingenious and dramatic fashion... 1031 00:50:21,818 --> 00:50:25,988 9/11 it was forever to be called. 1032 00:50:26,023 --> 00:50:30,659 As the hijackers, 15 of them, born in saudi arabia, 1033 00:50:30,694 --> 00:50:33,362 Flew planes into the premier symbols 1034 00:50:33,397 --> 00:50:35,331 Of u.S. Imperial power... 1035 00:50:35,365 --> 00:50:37,833 Wall street and the pentagon. 1036 00:50:37,868 --> 00:50:41,003 More than 3,000 people lost their lives. 1037 00:50:41,038 --> 00:50:44,473 In new york, more than 2,700 people were killed, 1038 00:50:44,508 --> 00:50:49,378 Including some 500 who hailed from 91 different countries. 1039 00:50:49,413 --> 00:50:51,614 The nation watched in horror 1040 00:50:51,648 --> 00:50:53,616 As flames engulfed the twin towers 1041 00:50:53,650 --> 00:50:56,619 Before their stunning collapse. 1042 00:50:56,653 --> 00:50:58,621 How could this happen to the u.S.? 1043 00:50:58,655 --> 00:51:01,957 Who would dare attack us in the heart of our empire, 1044 00:51:01,992 --> 00:51:04,627 So nakedly, so low-tech? 1045 00:51:04,661 --> 00:51:07,129 Where was this new world order? 1046 00:51:07,164 --> 00:51:10,132 Had we as a nation not gotten it right? 1047 00:51:10,167 --> 00:51:11,967 Were we not good enough? 1048 00:51:12,002 --> 00:51:13,636 Had we not contained the evil 1049 00:51:13,670 --> 00:51:16,972 For 60 years since world war ii? 1050 00:51:17,007 --> 00:51:20,326 Had we not restrained ourselves from dropping the bomb 1051 00:51:20,360 --> 00:51:23,312 Since hiroshima and nagasaki? 1052 00:51:23,346 --> 00:51:25,915 And now, to some very powerful american leaders, 1053 00:51:25,949 --> 00:51:29,318 It was as if they, the outliers of empire, 1054 00:51:29,352 --> 00:51:32,888 These terrorists had dropped hiroshima on us, 1055 00:51:32,923 --> 00:51:35,558 At the very least pearl harbor. 1056 00:51:35,592 --> 00:51:37,827 All-out war was called for. 1057 00:51:37,861 --> 00:51:40,830 On that day, an anger and justification 1058 00:51:40,864 --> 00:51:43,899 For that anger was unleashed on the world. 1059 00:51:43,934 --> 00:51:47,403 An enormous pandora's box of dark energy 1060 00:51:47,437 --> 00:51:50,072 And pent-up fear of chaos, 1061 00:51:50,107 --> 00:51:53,909 Reminiscent of the late 19th century french revolution, 1062 00:51:53,944 --> 00:51:56,912 All came together in a self-righteousness 1063 00:51:56,947 --> 00:52:00,249 That would spawn a crusade against not only 1064 00:52:00,283 --> 00:52:02,418 Bin laden and his followers, 1065 00:52:02,452 --> 00:52:06,572 But all evil in the world itself. 1066 00:52:06,606 --> 00:52:08,073 ( thick foreign accent ) may u.S. And a kill 1067 00:52:08,108 --> 00:52:10,359 Every single terrorist. 1068 00:52:10,410 --> 00:52:11,827 ( whooping and cheering ) 1069 00:52:15,165 --> 00:52:18,150 May george Bush drink the blood 1070 00:52:18,168 --> 00:52:21,921 Of every single man, woman and child of iraq! 1071 00:52:21,955 --> 00:52:23,088 Yeah! 1072 00:52:23,123 --> 00:52:25,090 Stone: For Bush, it was not only 1073 00:52:25,125 --> 00:52:28,160 His destiny to be a war president, 1074 00:52:28,195 --> 00:52:31,497 But this was a great awakening 1075 00:52:31,531 --> 00:52:32,965 On a global scale. 1076 00:52:32,999 --> 00:52:34,200 Bush declared... 1077 00:52:34,234 --> 00:52:36,185 George w. Bush: Our responsibility to history 1078 00:52:36,219 --> 00:52:38,420 Is already clear... 1079 00:52:38,455 --> 00:52:40,606 To answer these attacks and rid the world of evil. 1080 00:52:40,640 --> 00:52:43,092 The world, for the most part, 1081 00:52:43,126 --> 00:52:45,794 Responded with great empathy for america. 1082 00:52:45,829 --> 00:52:49,031 Vladimir putin of the u.S.S.R. Was one of the first 1083 00:52:49,065 --> 00:52:51,534 To offer help. 1084 00:52:51,568 --> 00:52:54,403 Major islamic figures denounced the attacks 1085 00:52:54,437 --> 00:52:55,905 As a crime against humanity 1086 00:52:55,939 --> 00:52:58,240 And osama bin laden as a fraud, 1087 00:52:58,275 --> 00:53:01,744 A person who had no right to issue religious edicts, 1088 00:53:01,778 --> 00:53:03,879 And no religious training. 1089 00:53:03,914 --> 00:53:07,216 Chris hedges, a veteran middle east journalist, 1090 00:53:07,250 --> 00:53:09,051 Wrote several years later: 1091 00:53:09,085 --> 00:53:10,386 "the tragedy was that if 1092 00:53:10,420 --> 00:53:13,022 We had the courage to be vulnerable, 1093 00:53:13,056 --> 00:53:14,623 If we had built on empathy, 1094 00:53:14,658 --> 00:53:16,792 We would be far safer and more secure today 1095 00:53:16,826 --> 00:53:18,027 Than we are. 1096 00:53:18,061 --> 00:53:19,361 We responded exactly 1097 00:53:19,396 --> 00:53:21,030 As these terrorist organizations 1098 00:53:21,064 --> 00:53:22,698 Wanted us to respond... 1099 00:53:26,236 --> 00:53:28,070 In the recent past, american leaders, 1100 00:53:28,104 --> 00:53:32,291 Especially harry truman at the end of world war ii, 1101 00:53:32,325 --> 00:53:33,776 Lyndon johnson, 1102 00:53:33,810 --> 00:53:36,111 Richard Nixon and ronald reagan 1103 00:53:36,146 --> 00:53:40,216 Had reacted radically to the appearance of vulnerability. 1104 00:53:40,250 --> 00:53:42,868 Johnson, most dramatically, pointing to his 1105 00:53:42,903 --> 00:53:44,703 Sacrifice of the great society 1106 00:53:44,738 --> 00:53:48,207 To his fear of failure in vietnam. 1107 00:53:48,241 --> 00:53:49,875 Perhaps this is the achilles heel 1108 00:53:49,909 --> 00:53:51,829 Of the american political process. 1109 00:53:51,845 --> 00:53:55,814 Compassion or empathy is in short supply 1110 00:53:55,849 --> 00:53:56,932 And easily dismissed by those 1111 00:53:56,967 --> 00:54:00,853 Who are tougher as naivete or softness. 1112 00:54:00,887 --> 00:54:03,689 Yet it is compassion for the other 1113 00:54:03,723 --> 00:54:05,491 That, in the end, has distinguished 1114 00:54:05,525 --> 00:54:07,243 Our greatest leaders... 1115 00:54:07,277 --> 00:54:08,677 Be it washington, jefferson, 1116 00:54:08,712 --> 00:54:10,346 Lincoln, roosevelt 1117 00:54:10,380 --> 00:54:11,847 Or on other fronts, 1118 00:54:11,881 --> 00:54:14,483 People such as martin luther king. 1119 00:54:14,517 --> 00:54:16,168 Had al gore been in office 1120 00:54:16,202 --> 00:54:18,504 Instead of being derided by the media 1121 00:54:18,538 --> 00:54:21,440 As a know-it-all who annoyed them, 1122 00:54:21,474 --> 00:54:23,609 Might he not have emotionally connected 1123 00:54:23,643 --> 00:54:27,713 To a world that had hardened in its hatred of u.S. Policies? 1124 00:54:27,747 --> 00:54:31,150 Might he not have acted in humbler fashion 1125 00:54:31,184 --> 00:54:32,618 And pursued the terrorists 1126 00:54:32,652 --> 00:54:34,186 With the traditional structures 1127 00:54:34,220 --> 00:54:36,855 Of diplomacy, intelligence services 1128 00:54:36,890 --> 00:54:38,791 And firm police action? 1129 00:54:38,825 --> 00:54:41,293 Would not the same results have been achieved 1130 00:54:41,328 --> 00:54:44,630 Without making new enemies that could be perceived 1131 00:54:44,664 --> 00:54:47,066 As martyrs to a young generation 1132 00:54:47,100 --> 00:54:48,500 Of emerging radicals? 1133 00:54:48,535 --> 00:54:50,169 Would he have kicked off 1134 00:54:50,203 --> 00:54:53,672 A truly virtual world war iii? 1135 00:54:53,707 --> 00:54:56,175 George Bush instead put the world on notice. 1136 00:54:56,209 --> 00:54:59,511 Every nation and every region 1137 00:54:59,546 --> 00:55:02,514 Now has a decision to make. 1138 00:55:02,549 --> 00:55:05,017 Either you're with us 1139 00:55:05,051 --> 00:55:07,152 Or you are with the terrorists. 1140 00:55:07,187 --> 00:55:08,354 ( applause ) 1141 00:55:08,388 --> 00:55:09,655 Stone: And framing his right to do so 1142 00:55:09,689 --> 00:55:12,992 As a monumental struggle between good and evil. 1143 00:55:13,026 --> 00:55:16,495 Imagine any citizen of any country in the world 1144 00:55:16,529 --> 00:55:19,331 Being told by a man like this, 1145 00:55:19,366 --> 00:55:22,501 "you're either with us or against us." 1146 00:55:22,535 --> 00:55:26,405 And imagine how you would feel about america. 1147 00:55:26,439 --> 00:55:28,907 Chalmers johnson wrote, before his death, 1148 00:55:28,942 --> 00:55:31,410 That "americans like to say the world changed 1149 00:55:31,444 --> 00:55:33,679 As a result of September 11," 1150 00:55:33,713 --> 00:55:35,681 But that it was more accurate to say 1151 00:55:35,715 --> 00:55:37,316 That america was becoming 1152 00:55:37,350 --> 00:55:40,803 "a new rome, the greatest colossus in history 1153 00:55:40,837 --> 00:55:43,655 No longer bound by international law, 1154 00:55:43,690 --> 00:55:45,324 The concerns of allies 1155 00:55:45,358 --> 00:55:48,394 Or any constraints on its use of military force." 1156 00:55:48,428 --> 00:55:51,397 The american people were still largely in the dark 1157 00:55:51,431 --> 00:55:53,399 About why they had been attacked 1158 00:55:53,433 --> 00:55:55,734 Or why their state department began warning them 1159 00:55:55,769 --> 00:55:57,036 Against terrorism 1160 00:55:57,070 --> 00:55:59,705 In an ever-growing list of foreign countries. 1161 00:55:59,739 --> 00:56:03,409 But a growing number finally began to grasp 1162 00:56:03,443 --> 00:56:05,611 What most non-americans already knew 1163 00:56:05,645 --> 00:56:09,948 And had experienced over the previous half-century. 1164 00:56:09,983 --> 00:56:12,718 Namely that the United States was something other 1165 00:56:12,752 --> 00:56:14,720 Than what it professed to be, 1166 00:56:14,754 --> 00:56:18,640 That it was in fact a military juggernaut 1167 00:56:18,675 --> 00:56:20,008 Intent on world domination. 1168 00:56:20,043 --> 00:56:21,610 Instead of explaining 1169 00:56:21,644 --> 00:56:23,779 The real reasons for the attacks, 1170 00:56:23,813 --> 00:56:25,748 Al qaeda's fierce opposition 1171 00:56:25,782 --> 00:56:27,916 To u.S. Troops in saudi arabia 1172 00:56:27,951 --> 00:56:29,918 And to u.S. Support for israel 1173 00:56:29,953 --> 00:56:33,455 In its ongoing struggle with the palestinians... 1174 00:56:33,490 --> 00:56:36,458 Bush mouthed platitudes, asking... 1175 00:56:36,493 --> 00:56:38,093 Why do they hate us? 1176 00:56:38,128 --> 00:56:39,795 He answered for us: 1177 00:56:39,829 --> 00:56:42,131 They hate our freedoms... 1178 00:56:42,165 --> 00:56:46,135 Our freedom of religion, our freedom of speech, 1179 00:56:46,169 --> 00:56:47,469 Our freedom to vote and assemble 1180 00:56:47,504 --> 00:56:49,271 And disagree with each other. 1181 00:56:49,305 --> 00:56:51,440 How ironic that Bush 41 1182 00:56:51,474 --> 00:56:54,476 Had actually squandered world peace 1183 00:56:54,511 --> 00:56:56,712 By unleashing in panama 1184 00:56:56,746 --> 00:56:59,381 And the first iraq the furies of war. 1185 00:56:59,416 --> 00:57:01,884 And that his son, striking out blindly 1186 00:57:01,918 --> 00:57:04,753 And virtually bankrupting his nation 1187 00:57:04,788 --> 00:57:07,689 Precisely as bin laden hoped he would, 1188 00:57:07,724 --> 00:57:10,259 Had now found his destiny 1189 00:57:10,293 --> 00:57:13,128 In his father's ancestral genes 1190 00:57:13,163 --> 00:57:15,130 As "america's war president"... 1191 00:57:15,165 --> 00:57:18,133 In a war that by Dick Cheney's reckoning 1192 00:57:18,168 --> 00:57:20,035 Could "last forever."