1 00:04:13,212 --> 00:04:14,838 Where's your mommy? 2 00:04:22,930 --> 00:04:24,056 Okay. 3 00:12:38,383 --> 00:12:39,463 It's very difficult to say. 4 00:12:39,509 --> 00:12:42,679 Obviously, we don't have a crystal ball to forecast, 5 00:12:42,721 --> 00:12:46,224 but all the elements that have driven people to flee 6 00:12:46,266 --> 00:12:47,434 are still there. 7 00:12:47,476 --> 00:12:49,311 The conflicts are still waging. 8 00:12:49,978 --> 00:12:53,106 Syria, the biggest driver of displacement, 9 00:12:53,190 --> 00:12:58,028 is very much volatile. Uh... 10 00:12:58,528 --> 00:13:01,198 Even though right now it's slow, and over the past two days 11 00:13:01,281 --> 00:13:02,783 there have hardly been any arrivals, 12 00:13:02,991 --> 00:13:04,701 but it's also extremely cold. 13 00:13:05,243 --> 00:13:06,995 Winter has v-very much set in. 14 00:13:07,037 --> 00:13:10,499 With the improvement of weather, with coming of spring, 15 00:13:10,749 --> 00:13:15,253 it's, uh, very likely that the numbers will grow once more. 16 00:13:16,004 --> 00:13:21,009 And it's difficult to forecast how many, 17 00:13:21,426 --> 00:13:25,430 but we should be prepared, we should be prepared to receive 18 00:13:25,514 --> 00:13:29,768 probably the numbers that we have seen in 2015 again. 19 00:13:34,356 --> 00:13:36,775 This extraordinary event that has unfolded 20 00:13:36,858 --> 00:13:39,110 has also impacted Europe in many ways. 21 00:13:39,194 --> 00:13:41,071 We are here, right now, on Lesvos Island. 22 00:13:41,154 --> 00:13:44,074 This is the point where half a million people, 23 00:13:44,366 --> 00:13:48,286 most of them refugees, set foot and entered Europe. 24 00:13:48,370 --> 00:13:52,165 An... An extraordinary way that people have been coming through. 25 00:13:52,249 --> 00:13:55,794 And just the last year alone, over one million have come 26 00:13:56,002 --> 00:13:58,505 to Europe through the Mediterranean Sea. 27 00:13:58,588 --> 00:14:02,092 And although these are movements we haven't seen in decades... 28 00:14:02,217 --> 00:14:05,262 In fact, it hasn't been since the Second World War 29 00:14:05,345 --> 00:14:08,431 that so many had fled and come to Europe... 30 00:14:08,473 --> 00:14:11,268 It's still something that we need to consider 31 00:14:11,351 --> 00:14:14,145 in the global context with so many millions 32 00:14:14,229 --> 00:14:15,814 that are actually displaced. 33 00:27:25,186 --> 00:27:27,647 The situation in the camp is bad, 34 00:27:28,147 --> 00:27:31,317 because the borders are all closed now. 35 00:27:31,984 --> 00:27:33,569 First, the Macedonian border was closed. 36 00:27:33,653 --> 00:27:37,490 Then the Slovenian and Croatian and Serbian borders were closed. 37 00:27:37,573 --> 00:27:40,576 So there is no way for these people to advance 38 00:27:40,993 --> 00:27:43,079 on their journey to try to get to Germany. 39 00:27:43,120 --> 00:27:44,246 They're now trapped here. 40 00:27:44,288 --> 00:27:46,457 There is about 13,000 people in this camp. 41 00:27:46,540 --> 00:27:49,460 Most of them are from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan. 42 00:27:49,877 --> 00:27:51,253 They are fleeing from war. 43 00:27:51,295 --> 00:27:54,215 Uh, I talked to people who just fled from the bombs 44 00:27:54,340 --> 00:27:57,176 just a few weeks ago. And they're trapped. 45 00:27:57,259 --> 00:27:59,095 It's been raining since Monday. 46 00:27:59,220 --> 00:28:00,971 Everybody is completely wet. 47 00:28:01,013 --> 00:28:03,099 They have no way to dry their clothes. 48 00:28:03,140 --> 00:28:05,393 Um, just to get a little bit of food sometimes... 49 00:28:05,476 --> 00:28:07,645 It takes two hours to get one cup of soup. 50 00:28:07,937 --> 00:28:10,022 So it really is a desperate situation. 51 00:28:40,594 --> 00:28:42,138 So through this little gate, 52 00:28:42,304 --> 00:28:44,557 last year more than a million people 53 00:28:45,057 --> 00:28:47,017 walked their way to Europe. 54 00:28:47,101 --> 00:28:49,186 This is the gate that they pass through 55 00:28:49,270 --> 00:28:51,313 along these railway tracks, 56 00:28:51,397 --> 00:28:54,150 going first through Macedonia, 57 00:28:54,191 --> 00:28:57,111 then to Serbia, then through Croatia. 58 00:28:57,278 --> 00:28:59,447 A million people walked through this gate. 59 00:29:36,233 --> 00:29:38,194 How long are you on duty today? 60 00:30:00,674 --> 00:30:02,259 Europe is an interesting case, 61 00:30:02,384 --> 00:30:04,720 because Europe of course is the continent 62 00:30:04,762 --> 00:30:07,723 where the refugee convention was born. 63 00:30:08,224 --> 00:30:12,394 This was one of the essential, crucial initiatives 64 00:30:12,478 --> 00:30:15,773 that came out of the Second World War 65 00:30:16,857 --> 00:30:18,859 and of the horrors of the war. 66 00:30:20,444 --> 00:30:24,281 Initially, the focus was very much on Europe. 67 00:30:24,448 --> 00:30:26,826 It's interesting that we have gone full circle 68 00:30:26,909 --> 00:30:28,911 and now the focus is again on Europe. 69 00:30:29,245 --> 00:30:33,874 But 1951, of course, one of the main refugee problems, 70 00:30:33,958 --> 00:30:36,377 or perhaps the main problem then 71 00:30:36,418 --> 00:30:39,797 was refugees coming across the Iron Curtain. 72 00:30:39,839 --> 00:30:43,384 So there was a strong focus on individual cases 73 00:30:43,592 --> 00:30:45,845 fleeing the Soviet bloc. 74 00:31:16,667 --> 00:31:18,586 The European member states 75 00:31:18,669 --> 00:31:23,966 traditionally have had very good asylum mechanism. 76 00:31:24,466 --> 00:31:26,927 This was happening in a smooth way 77 00:31:27,219 --> 00:31:28,762 when numbers were small. 78 00:31:28,846 --> 00:31:32,266 When people started coming in large numbers, 79 00:31:32,391 --> 00:31:34,810 then the system collapsed. 80 00:37:08,602 --> 00:37:11,021 Should be taking... Take a picture of him like this. 81 00:37:18,028 --> 00:37:19,613 - Sorry. - Yes. 82 00:37:24,743 --> 00:37:27,246 You know, Jordan historically, um, 83 00:37:27,287 --> 00:37:31,959 has been truly a crossroads for peoples. 84 00:37:32,042 --> 00:37:37,214 Um, whether it's... it's from antiquities with caravans 85 00:37:37,297 --> 00:37:41,635 or today as a host for people from throughout this region. 86 00:37:41,718 --> 00:37:44,846 And we have tried to play a role in keeping an open door 87 00:37:44,888 --> 00:37:47,975 and enabling people to find a refuge here. 88 00:37:48,517 --> 00:37:54,856 Um, a-and to retain, you know, some sense of dignity, 89 00:37:54,940 --> 00:37:59,861 a home, until they are able to return to, um, their homes. 90 00:37:59,945 --> 00:38:02,197 You know, the average stay I think of a refugee 91 00:38:02,281 --> 00:38:05,742 is 25 years or... or some number like that. 92 00:38:05,909 --> 00:38:09,913 A-And this humanitarian side I think is very, very important. 93 00:38:09,997 --> 00:38:12,874 You must always hold onto humanity. 94 00:38:13,083 --> 00:38:16,920 And the more immune you are to people's suffering, 95 00:38:17,004 --> 00:38:19,881 I think that's very, very dangerous. 96 00:38:20,215 --> 00:38:23,760 And we... You know, our region is very challenging. 97 00:38:24,678 --> 00:38:29,057 We have difficulties every which direction you look at. 98 00:38:29,099 --> 00:38:34,313 And I think it's critical for us to maintain this humanity, 99 00:38:34,354 --> 00:38:38,734 for our own... you know, the health of our own society 100 00:38:38,775 --> 00:38:40,986 and community and relations. 101 00:41:24,774 --> 00:41:26,902 Let's go! 102 00:41:28,862 --> 00:41:32,032 Get up! Get up. Get up. 103 00:42:00,519 --> 00:42:01,811 Being a refugee 104 00:42:01,895 --> 00:42:04,940 is much more than a political status. 105 00:42:04,981 --> 00:42:07,234 It is the most pervasive 106 00:42:07,943 --> 00:42:10,403 kind of cruelty that can be exercised 107 00:42:10,445 --> 00:42:15,075 against a human being by depriving the person 108 00:42:15,116 --> 00:42:17,994 of all forms of security, 109 00:42:18,328 --> 00:42:21,414 the most basic requirements of a normal life... 110 00:42:21,498 --> 00:42:25,335 By cruelly placing that person at the mercy sometimes 111 00:42:25,418 --> 00:42:29,965 of very un-or inhospitable host countries 112 00:42:30,006 --> 00:42:33,134 that do not want to receive this refugee. 113 00:42:33,927 --> 00:42:39,015 You are forcibly robbing this human being of all aspects 114 00:42:39,099 --> 00:42:42,310 that would make human life not just tolerable 115 00:42:42,394 --> 00:42:43,895 but meaningful in many ways. 116 00:46:24,365 --> 00:46:27,786 Uh-uh, uh-uh... 117 00:46:34,209 --> 00:46:37,128 Uh-uh, uh-uh... 118 01:00:40,638 --> 01:00:42,348 Hey, hey, hey. 119 01:00:44,767 --> 01:00:46,435 Inhaler, inhaler! 120 01:00:47,269 --> 01:00:48,395 Hey, you. You. 121 01:00:52,524 --> 01:00:53,567 Inhaler. 122 01:02:56,440 --> 01:02:58,442 The officials came here and told them, 123 01:02:58,525 --> 01:03:03,655 "Look there is no way you gonna get papers to continue." 124 01:03:03,739 --> 01:03:06,200 So, you're going to be deported. 125 01:03:07,159 --> 01:03:11,163 "Either you go voluntarily or we arrest you." 126 01:03:12,247 --> 01:03:16,251 And yesterday, it started with... 127 01:03:17,669 --> 01:03:22,841 police coming here and actively arresting people. 128 01:03:24,802 --> 01:03:27,596 They are very afraid of being brought back. 129 01:03:27,721 --> 01:03:30,224 I mean, there is a reason Why these people are here. 130 01:04:21,817 --> 01:04:24,194 Sorry. 131 01:04:50,596 --> 01:04:53,390 It's okay, it's okay. It's okay. 132 01:05:03,400 --> 01:05:05,402 Okay. A little water. 133 01:07:05,522 --> 01:07:07,024 Come on, man! 134 01:12:11,244 --> 01:12:12,871 This is one of them. 135 01:12:29,346 --> 01:12:30,889 Hold it. Hold on. 136 01:14:45,899 --> 01:14:46,941 Hey. 137 01:19:47,283 --> 01:19:49,702 Today, we're here at the Ein al-Hilweh Camp, 138 01:19:49,994 --> 01:19:53,080 which is one of the most populated areas in the world. 139 01:19:53,998 --> 01:19:56,125 In an area of 1 km, 140 01:19:56,209 --> 01:19:59,170 there is approximately 100,000 different people living, 141 01:19:59,212 --> 01:20:02,048 and as one knows the history of the Palestinian people, 142 01:20:02,089 --> 01:20:05,092 this camp has been here for more than 60 years. 143 01:20:05,176 --> 01:20:07,345 Generations of children have grown up 144 01:20:07,386 --> 01:20:08,805 within the walls of this camp. 145 01:21:41,480 --> 01:21:44,275 If children grow up without any hope, 146 01:21:44,317 --> 01:21:46,360 without any prospects for the future, 147 01:21:46,444 --> 01:21:49,405 without any sense of them being able to make something 148 01:21:49,447 --> 01:21:53,159 out of their lives, then they will become very vulnerable 149 01:21:53,242 --> 01:21:56,370 to all sorts of exploitation, including radicalization. 150 01:21:56,454 --> 01:21:59,373 Young, particularly men who are... 151 01:21:59,457 --> 01:22:00,666 They're teenagers, 152 01:22:00,750 --> 01:22:03,210 they're on their way to adulthood, 153 01:22:03,252 --> 01:22:08,257 many of them are traumatized by unimaginable losses at home. 154 01:22:08,507 --> 01:22:09,634 Uh... 155 01:22:09,675 --> 01:22:13,304 They're angry, they're frustrated, 156 01:22:13,346 --> 01:22:15,723 they want to make a difference in their... 157 01:22:15,806 --> 01:22:18,142 in the lives of their communities. 158 01:22:18,225 --> 01:22:19,703 They have seen their homes demolished, 159 01:22:19,727 --> 01:22:21,896 they have seen their families killed. Uh... 160 01:22:22,146 --> 01:22:23,522 They are children who want... 161 01:22:23,606 --> 01:22:24,886 they themselves want to go fight 162 01:22:24,941 --> 01:22:26,359 because they think that this is 163 01:22:26,400 --> 01:22:30,446 the way they can seek revenge or get revenge for the horrors 164 01:22:30,529 --> 01:22:32,198 that they have lived through. 165 01:22:49,423 --> 01:22:51,258 Without memory, you are nothing, 166 01:22:51,842 --> 01:22:53,469 memory is part of your history 167 01:22:53,511 --> 01:22:55,846 and history is part... Part of your geography. 168 01:22:57,515 --> 01:22:59,266 Where can the Syrians go? 169 01:23:01,602 --> 01:23:04,772 Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, Europe. 170 01:23:06,774 --> 01:23:08,401 So now, they are helping us, 171 01:23:08,442 --> 01:23:10,361 they want us to keep these refugees. 172 01:23:10,403 --> 01:23:11,737 Okay, we will keep them. 173 01:23:11,821 --> 01:23:13,447 They want to give us money 174 01:23:13,739 --> 01:23:17,535 so we have to profit out of this money, to educate the Syrians, 175 01:23:17,618 --> 01:23:20,705 to make them work so one day they might come back. 176 01:23:21,497 --> 01:23:23,833 But now they are pouring money in Jordan, 177 01:23:23,916 --> 01:23:25,918 in Lebanon, in Turkey. 178 01:23:26,002 --> 01:23:28,546 They don't want to hear anymore about refugees. 179 01:23:29,213 --> 01:23:30,589 That's their new policy now. 180 01:23:31,465 --> 01:23:35,344 It's quite a hypocritical policy, but... 181 01:23:37,722 --> 01:23:39,682 I was terribly violent along time ago, 182 01:23:39,765 --> 01:23:43,686 I was a feudal, I was a warlord along time ago. 183 01:23:43,894 --> 01:23:45,730 Lebanon is small, with... 184 01:23:45,896 --> 01:23:48,190 It's a country of 18 communities, 185 01:23:48,441 --> 01:23:49,734 Christians and Muslims. 186 01:23:50,943 --> 01:23:54,321 So we have to preserve it, and not to think about the past. 187 01:23:54,405 --> 01:23:55,573 See the future. 188 01:23:57,658 --> 01:24:01,245 And to forget about old, about our old hatred. 189 01:24:01,454 --> 01:24:02,997 Because somewhere in our subconscious, 190 01:24:03,247 --> 01:24:04,457 we hate each other. 191 01:24:07,877 --> 01:24:10,796 We have to, at any price, compromise. 192 01:24:10,880 --> 01:24:12,673 Dialog is important in life. 193 01:24:13,466 --> 01:24:15,342 Much more important than anything. 194 01:24:15,760 --> 01:24:19,472 In this new world of total uncertainty, nobody knows, 195 01:24:19,513 --> 01:24:22,850 I don't think somebody knows where this world is going on. 196 01:29:26,070 --> 01:29:28,280 Gaza could be, could be on Mars. 197 01:29:29,031 --> 01:29:31,909 It's like as distant as you could be. 198 01:29:32,326 --> 01:29:34,620 An hour's drive from Tel Aviv... 199 01:29:34,661 --> 01:29:39,041 those 1.8 million people, that, you know, are our neighbors, 200 01:29:39,124 --> 01:29:43,212 living in conditions, you know, of a third world country 201 01:29:43,253 --> 01:29:45,214 on the way to collapse, right? 202 01:29:45,297 --> 01:29:49,134 Already people there, for many hours in a day, 203 01:29:49,510 --> 01:29:51,678 don't have electricity, right? 204 01:29:51,762 --> 01:29:54,598 Uh, the quality of the water is deteriorating. 205 01:29:54,681 --> 01:29:56,016 We are talking about, like, 206 01:29:56,100 --> 01:29:58,685 the most basic of human needs, right? 207 01:29:58,811 --> 01:30:01,688 This is, like, almost as basic as it gets. 208 01:30:02,231 --> 01:30:05,943 Is this fair? Is this equal? Is this just? 209 01:30:05,984 --> 01:30:09,279 Just as a human being, identify that, 210 01:30:09,571 --> 01:30:11,949 you know, what you are looking at is injustice. 211 01:44:31,641 --> 01:44:33,393 We are helping the returnees 212 01:44:33,434 --> 01:44:35,561 to come back with the cash grant 213 01:44:35,645 --> 01:44:37,855 and with some supplementary assistance 214 01:44:37,897 --> 01:44:39,816 for the more vulnerable people. 215 01:44:39,941 --> 01:44:43,361 And in addition, we are helping the government of Afghanistan 216 01:44:43,444 --> 01:44:46,030 to be a refugee hosting country for the first time. 217 01:44:46,114 --> 01:44:49,617 So, Afghanistan is actually hosting people 218 01:44:49,701 --> 01:44:51,995 who have fled for their safety also here. 219 01:44:52,078 --> 01:44:55,373 So, I think the main challenge will be the security situation, 220 01:44:55,415 --> 01:44:57,750 because it is a country where there is ongoing conflict. 221 01:44:57,834 --> 01:45:00,086 And that affects the ability of people to come back 222 01:45:00,378 --> 01:45:01,754 and restart their lives. 223 01:45:11,973 --> 01:45:14,100 People are sometimes unable 224 01:45:14,392 --> 01:45:17,729 to go back to their place of, uh, origin, 225 01:45:17,812 --> 01:45:20,398 because it may be in war-torn area. 226 01:45:20,648 --> 01:45:22,900 That means they have been displaced across the border 227 01:45:22,984 --> 01:45:24,104 and now they are coming back 228 01:45:24,152 --> 01:45:26,738 and becoming internally displaced as well. 229 01:45:26,821 --> 01:45:29,073 So that's the sad part about it. 230 01:45:29,157 --> 01:45:31,576 And so the people who are returning today... 231 01:45:31,617 --> 01:45:34,829 are in a very difficult situation. 232 01:45:34,871 --> 01:45:36,682 They are probably going to have a very difficult time 233 01:45:36,706 --> 01:45:37,999 restarting their lives, 234 01:45:38,082 --> 01:45:40,585 but at least they are now citizens of their own country. 235 01:45:58,478 --> 01:45:59,854 So a lot of these people 236 01:45:59,896 --> 01:46:01,481 can't go back to their villages, 237 01:46:01,564 --> 01:46:03,524 particularly the people coming from Pakistan, 238 01:46:03,608 --> 01:46:05,044 because they have been displaced for 30 years, 239 01:46:05,068 --> 01:46:06,778 in some cases 40 years. 240 01:46:06,861 --> 01:46:09,447 They no longer have the connections in their villages. 241 01:46:09,530 --> 01:46:11,115 They can't go back and claim the land 242 01:46:11,157 --> 01:46:12,784 that their grandfathers tilled. 243 01:46:12,867 --> 01:46:15,027 In some cases, their villages are too insecure for them 244 01:46:15,078 --> 01:46:18,915 to go back, and so they end up in urban areas, 245 01:46:18,998 --> 01:46:22,335 displaced and disconnected, landless and dislocated. 246 01:48:15,948 --> 01:48:19,535 As we have huge logistics, we of course have to design, 247 01:48:19,785 --> 01:48:23,247 have to decide where people can go with their stuff. 248 01:48:23,539 --> 01:48:24,874 We're here now. 249 01:48:25,166 --> 01:48:29,086 And you can see, we have one, two, three, four hangars. 250 01:48:29,545 --> 01:48:32,131 Three hangars already have people living in them. 251 01:49:12,588 --> 01:49:14,173 - Hello. - How are you? 252 01:49:19,011 --> 01:49:21,597 I mean, one thing is to make sure that people get food. 253 01:49:21,681 --> 01:49:23,933 And one thing is to make sure that people have, 254 01:49:23,975 --> 01:49:27,812 like, the possibility to shower. But the hardest is to actually 255 01:49:27,853 --> 01:49:29,939 make them feel like they are a human being, 256 01:49:29,981 --> 01:49:32,817 and they are not just one of, I don't know, 257 01:49:32,858 --> 01:49:34,819 one million who came to Germany. 258 01:49:34,860 --> 01:49:37,780 So I really, on a daily basis, make people feel like 259 01:49:37,822 --> 01:49:40,408 they are human beings and we actually care about them. 260 01:52:47,511 --> 01:52:49,680 No, no, no. 261 02:04:34,926 --> 02:04:36,678 Every time We took people off the deck 262 02:04:36,761 --> 02:04:38,722 more people appeared. It just never stopped. 263 02:04:38,805 --> 02:04:40,849 We thought it was going to be around 400, 264 02:04:40,891 --> 02:04:45,562 but I guess it's somewhere between 720 and 730 people. 265 02:05:03,622 --> 02:05:05,999 As a group, they were 266 02:05:06,041 --> 02:05:08,502 the sickest people I've seen yet 267 02:05:08,668 --> 02:05:09,753 on this mission. 268 02:05:10,045 --> 02:05:13,131 Uh, we had adults with severe malnutrition. 269 02:05:13,215 --> 02:05:16,676 I had a woman who weighed 36 kilograms, 270 02:05:16,968 --> 02:05:20,138 she was very, very sick. Uh... there was 271 02:05:20,305 --> 02:05:24,601 a high, high amount of diarrhea and dysentery. 272 02:05:25,310 --> 02:05:28,188 And, uh, there were people who had scurvy 273 02:05:28,355 --> 02:05:31,650 as well as chronic vitamin C depletion, 274 02:05:32,025 --> 02:05:33,527 like sailors used to see. 275 02:05:37,614 --> 02:05:39,533 A lot of them came from Eritrea, 276 02:05:39,741 --> 02:05:42,077 a few also from Somalia and other places. 277 02:05:42,118 --> 02:05:44,454 But the journey they have made through Sudan, 278 02:05:44,496 --> 02:05:46,706 through Khartoum up into Libya, 279 02:05:46,790 --> 02:05:49,042 it was really shocking to hear some of the stories, 280 02:05:49,084 --> 02:05:51,670 to hear what they had been through inside Libya, 281 02:05:52,045 --> 02:05:54,005 often kept for several months 282 02:05:54,089 --> 02:05:58,593 and just exploited, just, uh... giving up anything they have, 283 02:05:58,718 --> 02:06:00,595 any money they have to pay for this journey 284 02:06:00,679 --> 02:06:02,305 and to make it out to sea. 285 02:06:05,725 --> 02:06:09,646 There were a total of eight pregnant women on board. 286 02:06:10,146 --> 02:06:13,108 Two of whom were due any day, 287 02:06:13,400 --> 02:06:17,529 and one lady went into labor our first morning. 288 02:06:17,988 --> 02:06:20,490 We knew that she would have complications that would not 289 02:06:20,532 --> 02:06:23,201 allow her to successfully deliver on the boat, 290 02:06:23,618 --> 02:06:25,495 so we came to the decision 291 02:06:25,537 --> 02:06:27,664 that we needed to medically evacuate her. 292 02:06:27,747 --> 02:06:31,418 So she went onto a Coast Guard ship from Malta, 293 02:06:31,501 --> 02:06:32,627 straight to the hospital, 294 02:06:32,711 --> 02:06:36,172 went on to deliver a healthy baby girl. 295 02:06:36,256 --> 02:06:38,633 If that baby had been born 24 hours earlier, 296 02:06:39,050 --> 02:06:41,261 the mom and the baby would have died. 297 02:11:40,310 --> 02:11:44,397 I think we've entered a period in world history 298 02:11:44,522 --> 02:11:48,860 where movements of people across borders 299 02:11:48,985 --> 02:11:50,862 has accelerated. 300 02:11:51,988 --> 02:11:55,033 Maybe social media plays a role in this. 301 02:11:55,283 --> 02:11:59,412 Maybe the fact that transportation has become 302 02:11:59,495 --> 02:12:05,376 so much cheaper and more effective plays a role in this. 303 02:12:05,710 --> 02:12:09,088 And also that globalization, 304 02:12:09,964 --> 02:12:13,593 though it has had very positive outcomes, 305 02:12:13,843 --> 02:12:18,348 it also has created greater inequalities. 306 02:12:18,681 --> 02:12:24,354 And inevitably, people are going to move from locations 307 02:12:24,437 --> 02:12:30,109 that are insecure and economically nonviable 308 02:12:30,693 --> 02:12:34,364 to areas where there is more opportunities 309 02:12:34,447 --> 02:12:38,993 and more stability, and prospects of prosperity. 310 02:12:46,000 --> 02:12:49,045 It's going to be a big challenge to recognize 311 02:12:49,462 --> 02:12:50,922 that the world is shrinking, 312 02:12:51,381 --> 02:12:54,050 and people from different religions, 313 02:12:54,342 --> 02:12:57,762 different cultures are going to have to learn 314 02:12:57,845 --> 02:13:00,014 to live with each other.