1 00:00:37,960 --> 00:00:40,997 These are their approximate locations. 2 00:00:41,080 --> 00:00:43,878 To each of them Russia has probably allocated 3 00:00:43,960 --> 00:00:47,748 a certain number of her intermediate-range nuclear missiles, 4 00:00:47,840 --> 00:00:49,159 which are at this moment 5 00:00:49,240 --> 00:00:53,677 pointing at military objectives in Western Europe. 6 00:00:53,760 --> 00:00:55,637 And to each of these locations, 7 00:00:55,720 --> 00:00:57,676 being those 25 key cities 8 00:00:57,760 --> 00:01:02,276 in which reside almost one third of the entire population of Britain, 9 00:01:02,360 --> 00:01:04,112 Russia has probably allocated 10 00:01:04,200 --> 00:01:08,751 a further unknown quantity of thermo-nuclear missiles. 11 00:01:09,440 --> 00:01:12,637 Each of these cities and each of these airfields 12 00:01:12,720 --> 00:01:14,756 combine to crowd into Britain 13 00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:18,628 more potential nuclear targets per acre of land mass 14 00:01:18,720 --> 00:01:21,473 than in any other country in the world. 15 00:01:24,280 --> 00:01:27,192 London, Friday the 16th of September. 16 00:01:27,280 --> 00:01:30,033 It's just been confirmed that late last night, 17 00:01:30,120 --> 00:01:32,156 to show collective Communist support 18 00:01:32,240 --> 00:01:34,754 for the Chinese invasion of South Vietnam, 19 00:01:34,840 --> 00:01:36,717 the Russian and East German authorities 20 00:01:36,800 --> 00:01:39,837 have sealed off all access to the city of Berlin 21 00:01:39,920 --> 00:01:41,069 and have stated their intention 22 00:01:41,160 --> 00:01:45,233 of occupying the western half of the city within 48 hours 23 00:01:45,320 --> 00:01:48,676 unless the Americans in Vietnam withdraw yesterday's decision 24 00:01:48,760 --> 00:01:52,958 to use tactical nuclear weapons against invading Chinese forces. 25 00:01:53,040 --> 00:01:54,393 Here in Britain, 26 00:01:54,480 --> 00:01:57,950 Her Majesty's Government has declared a state of national emergency 27 00:01:58,040 --> 00:02:01,112 to last the duration of the present crisis. 28 00:02:01,200 --> 00:02:05,830 As from 12 noon today, the central government will cease to function 29 00:02:05,920 --> 00:02:07,672 and the administration of the country 30 00:02:07,760 --> 00:02:11,116 will be handled by 15 regional commissioners. 31 00:02:11,200 --> 00:02:15,478 A network of emergency committees consisting of local councillors 32 00:02:15,560 --> 00:02:20,111 is being set up in every major town and county borough in the country. 33 00:02:20,200 --> 00:02:23,351 In view of the seriousness of the international situation, 34 00:02:23,440 --> 00:02:25,078 Her Majesty's Government has decided 35 00:02:25,160 --> 00:02:27,833 that the first task of these emergency committees 36 00:02:27,920 --> 00:02:31,959 will be to implement the evacuation of a certain proportion of civilians 37 00:02:32,040 --> 00:02:35,555 to safer areas in Wales, the Lake District, 38 00:02:35,640 --> 00:02:37,756 parts of Northumberland, the Midlands, 39 00:02:37,840 --> 00:02:39,796 southwest England, Dorset, 40 00:02:39,880 --> 00:02:42,030 East Sussex and Kent. 41 00:02:42,120 --> 00:02:45,954 In accordance with the 1962 Government plan for evacuation, 42 00:02:46,040 --> 00:02:47,473 this dispersal is to apply 43 00:02:47,560 --> 00:02:51,394 only to certain specified classes of civilians. 44 00:02:51,480 --> 00:02:53,311 As from 0900 tomorrow, 45 00:02:53,400 --> 00:02:57,075 we are to receive a total quota of 60,000 evacuees 46 00:02:57,160 --> 00:02:59,594 in five priority classes. 47 00:02:59,680 --> 00:03:03,468 Class one: Children under 15 travelling with mothers. 48 00:03:03,560 --> 00:03:06,711 Class two: Schoolchildren under the age of 18. 49 00:03:06,800 --> 00:03:09,997 Class three: Adolescents under the age of 18. 50 00:03:10,080 --> 00:03:12,310 Class four: Expectant mothers. 51 00:03:12,400 --> 00:03:16,393 Class five: People who are blind, crippled, aged or infirm. We... 52 00:03:16,480 --> 00:03:19,711 - Are there any fathers? - No. No fathers. 53 00:03:21,920 --> 00:03:25,629 This woman is arriving from Bermondsey into Kent. 54 00:03:25,720 --> 00:03:28,678 She and the other women on this evacuation bus 55 00:03:28,760 --> 00:03:33,880 have had to leave their husbands and elder sons behind in London. 56 00:03:33,960 --> 00:03:36,713 According to the last published government plan, 57 00:03:36,800 --> 00:03:40,315 there is no provision made for granting the facilities of evacuation 58 00:03:40,400 --> 00:03:44,439 to able-bodied men over the age of 18. 59 00:03:44,520 --> 00:03:47,432 It is, therefore, even at this early point 60 00:03:47,520 --> 00:03:51,513 that an attempt at mass evacuation might fail, 61 00:03:51,600 --> 00:03:53,716 because it's not known how many women 62 00:03:53,800 --> 00:03:57,395 would refuse to leave their husband and their home,: 63 00:03:57,480 --> 00:04:01,155 To journey with restricted possessions to an unknown town, 64 00:04:01,240 --> 00:04:05,279 there to be compulsorily billeted with an unknown family. 65 00:04:09,320 --> 00:04:12,517 Prepare yourself to receive... Five rooms, that's ten evacuees, 66 00:04:12,600 --> 00:04:14,670 arriving from the London area tomorrow morning. 67 00:04:14,760 --> 00:04:17,320 - What am I gonna feed them on? - It's up to you, madam. 68 00:04:17,400 --> 00:04:18,355 Are they coloured? 69 00:04:18,440 --> 00:04:21,238 More haste, less speed. 70 00:04:21,320 --> 00:04:25,552 Within a country where there is still racial and social prejudice, 71 00:04:25,640 --> 00:04:29,394 where there is still a shortage of housing and living space, 72 00:04:29,480 --> 00:04:32,552 a number of measures would almost certainly be necessary 73 00:04:32,640 --> 00:04:37,350 in attempting the evacuation of an estimated 10 million people. 74 00:04:37,440 --> 00:04:38,839 Er, right, eight evacuees... 75 00:04:38,920 --> 00:04:42,196 For this woman, the compulsory sheltering and feeding 76 00:04:42,280 --> 00:04:44,430 of an extra eight people. 77 00:04:44,520 --> 00:04:46,192 Quickly. All in, quickly. 78 00:04:48,440 --> 00:04:50,908 For the family who have fled this house, 79 00:04:51,000 --> 00:04:53,639 the immediate requisition of their home. 80 00:04:55,880 --> 00:05:00,192 For this man, perhaps imprisonment if he refuses to billet. 81 00:05:00,280 --> 00:05:02,748 - Eight evacuees for you. - Eight? I'm not havin' eight. 82 00:05:02,840 --> 00:05:04,114 Sorry, sir, you've got to take eight. 83 00:05:04,200 --> 00:05:06,760 I don't mind two. I haven't got enough food in there for eight. 84 00:05:06,840 --> 00:05:08,114 Don't argue. Don't argue. 85 00:05:08,200 --> 00:05:11,158 May I remind you that, under the emergency regulations, 86 00:05:11,240 --> 00:05:14,596 with four rooms and a kitchen you can be forced to take eight people. 87 00:05:14,680 --> 00:05:16,511 Bloody hell. 88 00:05:16,600 --> 00:05:18,238 Should Britain ever thus attempt 89 00:05:18,320 --> 00:05:22,552 the evacuation of nearly 20 per cent of her entire population, 90 00:05:22,640 --> 00:05:26,599 such scenes as these would be almost inevitable. 91 00:05:28,400 --> 00:05:31,631 All citizens resident within this area 92 00:05:31,720 --> 00:05:35,793 are requested to proceed immediately to the municipal offices 93 00:05:35,880 --> 00:05:39,953 to collect emergency identification papers and ration cards. 94 00:05:40,040 --> 00:05:40,995 Name? 95 00:05:41,080 --> 00:05:43,958 Sue Wilkinson, 159 Thornton Avenue. 96 00:05:44,040 --> 00:05:47,589 Er, widow... children aged 19 and 21. 97 00:05:47,680 --> 00:05:49,238 Non-supplementary ration card. 98 00:05:49,320 --> 00:05:52,073 This entitles you to a basic ration per week of two ounces of butter, 99 00:05:52,160 --> 00:05:53,718 a half a pound of margarine, 100 00:05:53,800 --> 00:05:55,597 two ounces of tea, a quarter-pound of sugar, 101 00:05:55,680 --> 00:05:58,035 two eggs, a half a pint of milk when available, 102 00:05:58,120 --> 00:06:00,156 a quarter-pound of meat, two loaves of bread, 103 00:06:00,240 --> 00:06:04,358 a pound of potatoes when available and two ounces of bacon. 104 00:06:04,440 --> 00:06:07,477 It has been estimated that, even if there were no war, 105 00:06:07,560 --> 00:06:12,156 Britain would need from 11/2 to 4 years to recover economically 106 00:06:12,240 --> 00:06:15,915 from the effects of full-scale civilian evacuation. 107 00:06:17,480 --> 00:06:19,675 And, if there were a war, 108 00:06:19,760 --> 00:06:24,595 at least 20 per cent of the areas into which people had been evacuated 109 00:06:24,680 --> 00:06:27,831 would themselves be rendered totally uninhabitable 110 00:06:27,920 --> 00:06:30,275 by the resulting radioactive fallout. 111 00:06:34,920 --> 00:06:40,278 Carbon-14 is among the most dangerous elements of radioactive fallout. 112 00:06:40,360 --> 00:06:42,794 Do you know what it does to the human body? 113 00:06:42,880 --> 00:06:45,599 Ooh... No, I'm sorry, I haven't heard of it. 114 00:06:45,680 --> 00:06:49,275 Afraid I don't know much about atomic... radiation at all. 115 00:06:49,360 --> 00:06:50,634 No, I don't. 116 00:06:50,720 --> 00:06:52,631 No, I'm sorry, I don't know. 117 00:07:03,400 --> 00:07:07,154 Do you know what strontium-90 is and what it does? 118 00:07:08,240 --> 00:07:09,958 Erm... 119 00:07:12,200 --> 00:07:13,872 No. No, I'm afraid I don't. 120 00:07:13,960 --> 00:07:15,234 No, I don't. 121 00:07:15,320 --> 00:07:17,880 I've... no idea really. I... 122 00:07:17,960 --> 00:07:22,192 I know it's some sort of... gunpowder or something, that blows up. 123 00:07:26,480 --> 00:07:30,393 In Berlin, with rioting West German civilians 124 00:07:30,480 --> 00:07:32,869 and armed East German police, 125 00:07:32,960 --> 00:07:34,871 there would probably be found 126 00:07:34,960 --> 00:07:37,235 the necessary flash point. 127 00:07:58,480 --> 00:08:00,789 Berlin? 128 00:08:00,880 --> 00:08:03,269 Nah, they've had all this before. 129 00:08:03,360 --> 00:08:05,316 I think it'll die down. 130 00:08:10,960 --> 00:08:12,951 I don't think there's anything to worry about. 131 00:08:16,520 --> 00:08:19,637 No, there won't be a war. I'm quite convinced of that. 132 00:08:19,720 --> 00:08:21,995 September the 17 th. 133 00:08:22,080 --> 00:08:26,358 British Civil Defence deliver to the public for the first time 134 00:08:26,440 --> 00:08:30,592 details of the hazards to be expected from radioactive fallout. 135 00:08:30,680 --> 00:08:33,752 Good morning, madam. Please read this booklet and follow the instructions. 136 00:08:33,840 --> 00:08:34,955 But, wh... what is it? 137 00:08:35,040 --> 00:08:37,918 It's a Civil Defence booklet: Your Protection Against Nuclear Attack. 138 00:08:38,000 --> 00:08:40,992 - But I... I... - Good morning, madam. 139 00:08:41,080 --> 00:08:42,877 Er, excuse me. Er... 140 00:08:42,960 --> 00:08:44,109 What are you doing here exactly? 141 00:08:44,200 --> 00:08:47,556 We're issuing to as many householders as possible a copy of this booklet, 142 00:08:47,640 --> 00:08:50,359 which tells them how to prepare their houses against blast and fallout. 143 00:08:50,440 --> 00:08:52,351 Have people not seen this booklet before? 144 00:08:52,440 --> 00:08:56,069 Well, a copy was prepared some years ago but... it didn't sell very well. 145 00:08:56,160 --> 00:08:59,391 - It wasn't... It wasn't free? - Oh, no, no. It cost ninepence. 146 00:09:01,400 --> 00:09:04,551 This siren system is now being tested. 147 00:09:04,640 --> 00:09:07,677 The test will cease in a quarter of an hour. 148 00:09:07,760 --> 00:09:11,673 It's been estimated that, by the time a missile attack 149 00:09:11,760 --> 00:09:15,435 could be confirmed to the British National Siren System, 150 00:09:15,520 --> 00:09:19,035 there would remain before impact a warning time 151 00:09:19,120 --> 00:09:22,954 of approximately 21/2 to 3 minutes. 152 00:09:23,640 --> 00:09:27,155 And, should the attacking missiles be launched from submarines 153 00:09:27,240 --> 00:09:29,993 lying off the shores of Britain, 154 00:09:30,080 --> 00:09:33,152 the warning time could be less than 30 seconds. 155 00:09:33,240 --> 00:09:34,992 Move along, there. 156 00:09:35,080 --> 00:09:38,072 Civil Defence have said that we've... got to get, er... 157 00:09:38,160 --> 00:09:39,957 stuff to... 158 00:09:40,040 --> 00:09:43,635 shore up our windows and, er, barricade ourselves in with. 159 00:09:43,720 --> 00:09:45,597 They didn't tell us where to get it. 160 00:09:45,680 --> 00:09:49,514 I've been around three places already and they've... all the stuff's gone. 161 00:09:49,600 --> 00:09:50,589 And the prices... 162 00:09:50,680 --> 00:09:53,035 My prices at the moment run as follows: 163 00:09:53,120 --> 00:09:56,157 Hessian sacks for sandbags, ten for one pound; 164 00:09:56,240 --> 00:09:59,277 sand to put in them, 24 shillings per cubic yard; 165 00:09:59,360 --> 00:10:02,670 soil, seven pounds ten per five cubic yards; 166 00:10:02,760 --> 00:10:05,718 deal planks, eightpence to a shilling per foot. 167 00:10:05,800 --> 00:10:10,430 How much money have you to... spend on building your refuge? 168 00:10:10,520 --> 00:10:12,988 Well... 169 00:10:13,080 --> 00:10:18,108 Well, I can't afford more than... 17/6 to a pound at the very most. 170 00:10:18,200 --> 00:10:19,474 For this amount of money, 171 00:10:19,560 --> 00:10:23,394 she may purchase eight sandbags and six planks. 172 00:10:23,480 --> 00:10:25,391 Friend of mine's a building contractor 173 00:10:25,480 --> 00:10:28,199 and he's fixed me up with some stuff. 174 00:10:28,280 --> 00:10:31,750 I've got this out here, which should help a bit. 175 00:10:31,840 --> 00:10:34,195 And inside I've... 176 00:10:34,280 --> 00:10:37,317 I've built a... refuge like they say. 177 00:10:37,400 --> 00:10:39,277 I reckon it should be pretty strong, 178 00:10:39,360 --> 00:10:41,396 hold up quite well. 179 00:10:41,480 --> 00:10:46,270 And I had a few sandbags left over so... I built another in the garden. 180 00:10:46,360 --> 00:10:49,432 It is likely that many thousands of families in Britain 181 00:10:49,520 --> 00:10:53,399 would be unable to meet the cost of even one substantial shelter 182 00:10:53,480 --> 00:10:56,950 and a Government shelter programme for every person in the country 183 00:10:57,040 --> 00:11:01,352 would cost an estimated two thousand million pounds. 184 00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:04,639 And I keep this... here. 185 00:11:06,600 --> 00:11:08,750 And I certainly intend to use it 186 00:11:08,840 --> 00:11:11,308 if anyone attempts to break into the shelter with me. 187 00:11:11,400 --> 00:11:16,713 A recent American religious journal told its Christian readers 188 00:11:16,800 --> 00:11:20,395 to think twice before they rashly gave their family shelter space 189 00:11:20,480 --> 00:11:22,914 to neighbours or passing strangers. 190 00:11:24,400 --> 00:11:26,436 September the 18th. 191 00:11:26,680 --> 00:11:30,195 One hour ago, following an armed entry into West Berlin 192 00:11:30,280 --> 00:11:31,872 by Russian and East German troops, 193 00:11:31,960 --> 00:11:36,078 two NATO armoured divisions attempted to force an entry through to the city 194 00:11:36,160 --> 00:11:40,233 and were themselves overrun by outnumbering Communist forces. 195 00:11:40,320 --> 00:11:41,719 Faced with this situation, 196 00:11:41,800 --> 00:11:45,315 it is possible that the American president would have no choice 197 00:11:45,400 --> 00:11:49,712 but to threaten to release tactical nuclear warheads to NATO forces 198 00:11:49,800 --> 00:11:52,075 to show collective determination 199 00:11:52,160 --> 00:11:54,958 in the event of a possible Russian attack. 200 00:11:55,040 --> 00:11:56,473 Faced with this situation, 201 00:11:56,560 --> 00:12:00,633 the Soviet premier would possibly be left with no alternative 202 00:12:00,720 --> 00:12:03,234 but to call this bluff and attack. 203 00:12:04,320 --> 00:12:06,436 Local area commander 204 00:12:06,520 --> 00:12:09,717 has authorised the release of tactical nuclear weapons 205 00:12:09,800 --> 00:12:12,678 to the British, French and Bundeswehr. 206 00:12:12,760 --> 00:12:16,435 Fifteen crew up for a fast sequence of firing. 207 00:12:18,160 --> 00:12:20,913 This is a tactical nuclear missile. 208 00:12:21,000 --> 00:12:24,834 It has a warhead equivalent to one Hiroshima bomb. 209 00:12:24,920 --> 00:12:27,195 It is called an Honest John. 210 00:12:27,280 --> 00:12:29,714 The Honest John, the Mace, the Corporal, 211 00:12:29,800 --> 00:12:31,358 the Pershing, the Sergeant, 212 00:12:31,440 --> 00:12:32,793 and if things don't get better soon 213 00:12:32,880 --> 00:12:36,156 all these weapons will be slamming away nuclear warheads 214 00:12:36,240 --> 00:12:37,719 and then God help us all! 215 00:12:38,880 --> 00:12:43,635 It is now planned to increase NATO reliability on nuclear missiles, 216 00:12:43,720 --> 00:12:47,395 even should the Russians attack using ordinary weapons. 217 00:12:47,480 --> 00:12:50,995 Thus it is possible for the Allies to be the first to press the button 218 00:12:51,080 --> 00:12:53,036 in a nuclear war. 219 00:12:58,360 --> 00:13:00,874 - Did you know this? - No, I did not. 220 00:13:00,960 --> 00:13:02,518 I was vaguely aware of it, yes. 221 00:13:02,600 --> 00:13:04,795 Yes, and I think it's disgraceful. 222 00:13:04,880 --> 00:13:06,552 No, I didn't know this at all. 223 00:13:06,640 --> 00:13:08,232 No. I should think it'd be a good thing. 224 00:13:25,680 --> 00:13:27,557 David Edward Thornley. 225 00:13:27,640 --> 00:13:29,631 Age: 37. 226 00:13:29,720 --> 00:13:32,029 General practitioner in medicine, 227 00:13:32,120 --> 00:13:36,079 now on the staff of one of a series of emergency medical-aid units 228 00:13:36,160 --> 00:13:39,709 being established in preparation for a nuclear strike. 229 00:13:39,800 --> 00:13:42,314 Time: 9:11 a.m. 230 00:13:42,400 --> 00:13:44,675 September the 18th. 231 00:13:44,760 --> 00:13:48,150 Doctor Thornley stops to make an emergency call. 232 00:13:48,240 --> 00:13:50,754 Berwick Street, Canterbury, 233 00:13:50,840 --> 00:13:54,913 twelve miles from the airfield at Manston on the Kent coast. 234 00:14:02,120 --> 00:14:03,553 - Oh, good morning, Doctor. - Morning! 235 00:14:03,640 --> 00:14:05,073 - Come in, please. - What's the trouble today? 236 00:14:05,160 --> 00:14:06,991 She's been running a temperature all night. 237 00:14:07,080 --> 00:14:11,278 Of the 750 intermediate-range ballistic missiles 238 00:14:11,360 --> 00:14:13,237 at present held by the Russians 239 00:14:13,320 --> 00:14:16,949 and targeted on the European countries of the NATO alliance, 240 00:14:17,040 --> 00:14:20,715 it is believed that a considerable number are liquid-fuelled 241 00:14:20,800 --> 00:14:23,598 and are stored above ground. 242 00:14:23,680 --> 00:14:28,276 Such missiles are therefore themselves extremely vulnerable 243 00:14:28,360 --> 00:14:32,478 and, rather than risk losing them in a counter-bombardment, 244 00:14:32,560 --> 00:14:35,836 it is likely that the Russians would have no alternative 245 00:14:35,920 --> 00:14:40,869 but to fire all of them at a very early stage in such a crisis. 246 00:14:42,760 --> 00:14:45,069 Time: 9:13 a.m. 247 00:14:53,440 --> 00:14:56,034 - Quick, let's get back! - There's no time! 248 00:14:56,120 --> 00:14:59,556 Hurry up! Inside the house! Quickly! 249 00:14:59,640 --> 00:15:02,677 Move, come on, come on! Quick, quick! 250 00:15:02,760 --> 00:15:06,355 This family couldn't afford to build themselves a refuge. 251 00:15:06,440 --> 00:15:10,956 This could be the way the last two minutes of peace in Britain look. 252 00:15:11,040 --> 00:15:14,271 Stay away from the windows! Get all the children! 253 00:15:15,280 --> 00:15:17,430 Peter! Tony! Tony! 254 00:15:18,240 --> 00:15:21,550 Where is he? Where is he? Think! Where is he? 255 00:15:21,640 --> 00:15:23,437 Nurse! 256 00:15:23,520 --> 00:15:26,080 There's a boy outside. Go and fetch him. 257 00:15:26,160 --> 00:15:28,037 9:16 a.m. 258 00:15:28,120 --> 00:15:32,033 A single-megaton nuclear missile overshoots Manston airfield in Kent 259 00:15:32,120 --> 00:15:35,271 and airbursts six miles from this position. 260 00:15:41,440 --> 00:15:42,714 At this distance, 261 00:15:42,800 --> 00:15:47,032 the heatwave is sufficient to cause melting of the upturned eyeball, 262 00:15:47,120 --> 00:15:50,078 third-degree burning of the skin and ignition of furniture. 263 00:15:56,520 --> 00:15:58,192 Twelve seconds later, 264 00:15:58,280 --> 00:16:00,236 the shock front arrives. 265 00:16:25,600 --> 00:16:29,149 At seven tenths of a millisecond after the explosion, 266 00:16:29,240 --> 00:16:31,595 and at a distance of 60 miles, 267 00:16:31,680 --> 00:16:35,878 the light from the fireball of a single-megaton thermo-nuclear device 268 00:16:35,960 --> 00:16:39,669 is 30 times brighter than the midday sun. 269 00:16:39,760 --> 00:16:43,116 This little boy has received severe retinal burns 270 00:16:43,200 --> 00:16:46,078 from an explosion 27 miles away. 271 00:16:46,160 --> 00:16:47,309 Give him to me! 272 00:16:47,400 --> 00:16:50,153 What's the matter? Oh... 273 00:16:52,600 --> 00:16:56,832 This house lies 29 miles from Manston airfield 274 00:16:56,920 --> 00:17:00,799 and 41 miles from Gatwick Airport in Sussex. 275 00:17:06,920 --> 00:17:08,035 Under the table. 276 00:17:08,120 --> 00:17:10,839 Under the table! 277 00:17:12,680 --> 00:17:15,911 The blast wave from a thermo-nuclear explosion 278 00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:20,471 has been likened to an enormous door slamming in the depths of hell. 279 00:17:36,320 --> 00:17:37,673 Shhh. 280 00:17:57,840 --> 00:18:00,513 This is the combined shock front 281 00:18:00,600 --> 00:18:04,275 from one dispersal airfield 40 miles away. 282 00:18:10,320 --> 00:18:14,711 There are in Britain at least 60 such targets. 283 00:18:19,800 --> 00:18:21,756 Rochester in Kent: 284 00:18:21,840 --> 00:18:24,274 Now two square miles of fire, 285 00:18:24,360 --> 00:18:26,590 resulting from the heat of a thermo-nuclear missile, 286 00:18:26,680 --> 00:18:31,037 which has exploded off-course on its path to London Airport. 287 00:18:31,120 --> 00:18:33,395 Over there! 288 00:18:33,480 --> 00:18:37,029 This is the phenomenon which could perhaps happen in Britain 289 00:18:37,120 --> 00:18:39,918 following a nuclear strike against certain of our cities. 290 00:18:40,840 --> 00:18:43,400 This happened after the bombing of Hamburg, 291 00:18:43,480 --> 00:18:46,916 at Dresden, at Tokyo and at Hiroshima. 292 00:18:47,000 --> 00:18:51,391 This is what is technically known as a firestorm. 293 00:19:02,920 --> 00:19:06,037 Within its centre, the rising heat from multiple fires, 294 00:19:06,120 --> 00:19:08,236 caused by both the heat flash 295 00:19:08,320 --> 00:19:11,596 and the blast wave upsetting stoves and open furnaces, 296 00:19:11,680 --> 00:19:13,716 is sucking in ground-level winds 297 00:19:13,800 --> 00:19:18,555 at speeds exceeding 100 miles an hour. 298 00:19:18,640 --> 00:19:21,029 This is the wind of a firestorm. 299 00:19:38,360 --> 00:19:39,839 I saw... 300 00:19:39,920 --> 00:19:41,751 a man... 301 00:19:41,840 --> 00:19:43,512 get caught... 302 00:19:43,600 --> 00:19:45,556 by a great gust of wind! 303 00:19:46,680 --> 00:19:49,672 Pulled his jacket... right over his head! 304 00:20:17,440 --> 00:20:22,150 I believe that we live in a system of necessary law and order. 305 00:20:24,760 --> 00:20:29,356 And I still believe in the war of the just. 306 00:20:31,720 --> 00:20:34,757 Within this car, a family is burning alive. 307 00:20:40,200 --> 00:20:42,873 Get them out of that car! 308 00:20:42,960 --> 00:20:45,997 Charles Brooks, chief fire officer of Chatham. 309 00:20:46,080 --> 00:20:48,674 Already three of his appliances have been smashed, 310 00:20:48,760 --> 00:20:50,796 gutted or overturned. 311 00:20:50,880 --> 00:20:56,193 Already 17 of his 60 firemen have been crushed, burnt or killed 312 00:20:56,280 --> 00:20:57,918 by flying debris. 313 00:21:02,680 --> 00:21:05,148 This is a firestorm. 314 00:21:05,240 --> 00:21:06,195 Within its centre, 315 00:21:06,280 --> 00:21:10,876 the oxygen is being consumed in every cellar and every ground-floor room, 316 00:21:10,960 --> 00:21:15,750 to be replaced by the gases of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and methane. 317 00:21:16,440 --> 00:21:21,753 Within its centre, the temperature is rising to 800 degrees centigrade. 318 00:21:21,840 --> 00:21:24,354 These men are dying, 319 00:21:24,440 --> 00:21:27,034 both of heatstroke and of gassing. 320 00:21:33,400 --> 00:21:37,279 In the next world war, I believe that both sides could stop 321 00:21:37,360 --> 00:21:39,476 before the ultimate destruction of cities 322 00:21:39,560 --> 00:21:41,357 so that both sides could retire 323 00:21:41,440 --> 00:21:45,433 for a period of ten years or so of post-attack recuperation, 324 00:21:45,520 --> 00:21:48,910 in which world wars four to eight could be prepared. 325 00:21:52,720 --> 00:21:56,349 When the carbon-dioxide content of inhaled air 326 00:21:56,440 --> 00:21:58,749 is greater than 30 per cent, 327 00:21:58,840 --> 00:22:02,799 it will cause diminished respiration, 328 00:22:02,880 --> 00:22:05,110 fall of blood pressure, 329 00:22:05,200 --> 00:22:06,633 coma, 330 00:22:06,720 --> 00:22:09,359 loss of reflexes 331 00:22:09,440 --> 00:22:11,351 and anaesthesia. 332 00:22:12,440 --> 00:22:20,233 When the carbon-monoxide content of inhaled air exceeds 1.28 per cent, 333 00:22:20,320 --> 00:22:23,073 it will be followed by death 334 00:22:23,160 --> 00:22:25,993 within three minutes. 335 00:22:26,080 --> 00:22:28,435 This is nuclear war. 336 00:22:59,880 --> 00:23:01,791 10:47. 337 00:23:01,880 --> 00:23:06,351 Aircraft of the British V-bomber force near the Russian border. 338 00:23:06,440 --> 00:23:09,193 Their purpose: Retaliation. 339 00:23:09,280 --> 00:23:12,955 Their target: People like this. 340 00:23:14,440 --> 00:23:19,195 If the Russians or anyone else attacked Britain with nuclear weapons 341 00:23:19,280 --> 00:23:20,679 would you want us to retaliate 342 00:23:20,760 --> 00:23:24,309 by destroying an equal number of Russian cities? 343 00:23:24,400 --> 00:23:26,516 Yes. Yes, I would. Yes. 344 00:23:26,600 --> 00:23:30,309 It's just a vicious circle. But I suppose we should have to retaliate. 345 00:23:30,400 --> 00:23:34,916 People think the British are always sort of... forgiving and forgetting 346 00:23:35,000 --> 00:23:37,195 and... I think we'd have to retaliate. 347 00:23:53,160 --> 00:23:57,870 I wouldn't want... want us to stand back and do nothing about it 348 00:23:57,960 --> 00:23:59,313 but... 349 00:24:02,000 --> 00:24:04,992 Yes, I... I think perhaps, er... perhaps I would. 350 00:24:05,080 --> 00:24:07,036 Oh, yes, I think so, definitely. 351 00:24:07,120 --> 00:24:08,838 Yes, I suppose I would. 352 00:24:19,200 --> 00:24:21,873 Technically and intellectually, 353 00:24:21,960 --> 00:24:25,111 we are living in an atomic age. 354 00:24:25,200 --> 00:24:29,876 Emotionally, we are still living in the Stone Age. 355 00:24:29,960 --> 00:24:35,353 The Aztecs on their feast days would sacrifice 20,000 men to their gods 356 00:24:35,440 --> 00:24:39,592 in the belief that this would keep the universe on its proper course. 357 00:24:39,680 --> 00:24:42,240 We feel superior to them. 358 00:24:45,400 --> 00:24:49,029 These are the inhabitants of what was once 359 00:24:49,120 --> 00:24:53,113 a housing estate near Rochester in Kent. 360 00:24:53,200 --> 00:24:56,749 Following the explosion of three single-megaton missiles 361 00:24:56,840 --> 00:24:59,354 within this one county boundary, 362 00:24:59,440 --> 00:25:02,716 it's been estimated that each surviving doctor 363 00:25:02,800 --> 00:25:07,510 would be faced by at least 350 casualties, 364 00:25:07,600 --> 00:25:11,912 many suffering from severe second- and third-degree burns. 365 00:25:12,920 --> 00:25:15,275 I had a little boy with me. 366 00:25:16,680 --> 00:25:19,035 He had his legs burned off. 367 00:25:26,440 --> 00:25:27,873 Some... 368 00:25:29,840 --> 00:25:31,592 Some of the... 369 00:25:32,480 --> 00:25:35,916 Some of these people are just falling apart. 370 00:25:36,720 --> 00:25:40,793 As far as is known, it is at present planned by the Civil Defence 371 00:25:40,880 --> 00:25:44,429 that each doctor, working in a forward medical-aid unit, 372 00:25:44,520 --> 00:25:49,389 place every casualty into one of three carefully defined categories 373 00:25:49,480 --> 00:25:55,032 to determine whether or not that casualty is worth hospital treatment. 374 00:25:55,120 --> 00:25:57,395 It's the third category that are worst. 375 00:25:57,480 --> 00:25:59,550 For these... 376 00:25:59,640 --> 00:26:02,552 ...it's just hopeless. 377 00:26:02,640 --> 00:26:05,200 So we put them into what we call the holding section. 378 00:26:05,280 --> 00:26:09,558 These are people with... 50 per cent or more body burns. 379 00:26:10,120 --> 00:26:14,432 He knows that each patient he places in the holding section 380 00:26:14,520 --> 00:26:17,956 will be left to die in pain without drugs. 381 00:26:19,680 --> 00:26:22,831 I know what'll be happening in a few days. 382 00:26:25,120 --> 00:26:27,076 They'll be... 383 00:26:27,560 --> 00:26:29,915 They'll be asking me to kill them. 384 00:26:30,880 --> 00:26:35,431 What you are seeing now is another possible part of nuclear war. 385 00:26:35,520 --> 00:26:39,115 An armed police squad helping the overburdened doctors 386 00:26:39,200 --> 00:26:42,988 to relieve the misery of those in category three. 387 00:27:00,160 --> 00:27:05,757 If I decide to hit, and perhaps kill, another man myself, 388 00:27:05,840 --> 00:27:10,311 then I must be prepared to accept the moral responsibility. 389 00:27:11,120 --> 00:27:14,351 If I give the Government the right or the means 390 00:27:14,440 --> 00:27:16,396 on my behalf 391 00:27:16,480 --> 00:27:19,790 to kill people of another country, 392 00:27:19,880 --> 00:27:22,235 then the situation is no different. 393 00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:26,791 I must again myself accept the moral responsibility. 394 00:27:28,440 --> 00:27:31,318 It's been estimated that a nuclear attack on Britain, 395 00:27:31,400 --> 00:27:35,359 using approximately 160 single-megaton missiles, 396 00:27:35,440 --> 00:27:37,749 would immediately kill or seriously wound 397 00:27:37,840 --> 00:27:42,072 between one third and one half of her entire population. 398 00:27:42,160 --> 00:27:44,799 It would destroy from 50 to 80 per cent 399 00:27:44,880 --> 00:27:48,236 of all her main food production and storage facilities 400 00:27:48,320 --> 00:27:52,996 and from 50 to 80 per cent of the power plants needed to run them. 401 00:27:53,080 --> 00:27:56,277 Such an attack, using weapons of one megaton, 402 00:27:56,360 --> 00:27:58,032 could be described as minimal 403 00:27:58,120 --> 00:28:00,111 because it's now more than possible 404 00:28:00,200 --> 00:28:03,192 that missile warheads or free-falling bombs 405 00:28:03,280 --> 00:28:07,831 of between five to ten times that power would be used instead. 406 00:28:12,320 --> 00:28:17,678 I think extra numbers would have made no difference at all to all this. 407 00:28:18,880 --> 00:28:22,793 15 or 20 times the number of Civil Defence 408 00:28:22,880 --> 00:28:26,316 wouldn't have stopped the initial attack from killing or maiming 409 00:28:26,400 --> 00:28:28,675 exactly the same number of people. 410 00:28:28,760 --> 00:28:31,115 It was the title they had all wrong. 411 00:28:31,200 --> 00:28:32,553 Call this defence? 412 00:28:34,800 --> 00:28:39,669 These will be the other casualties of a nuclear war. 413 00:28:39,760 --> 00:28:41,557 Physically unmarked, 414 00:28:41,640 --> 00:28:44,234 there will almost inevitably be thousands of people 415 00:28:44,320 --> 00:28:48,711 suffering from many complex states of fear and shock, 416 00:28:48,800 --> 00:28:51,109 due to the things they've seen 417 00:28:51,200 --> 00:28:54,636 and the things that have happened to them. 418 00:28:54,720 --> 00:28:56,631 Many of these people 419 00:28:56,720 --> 00:29:01,077 will probably lapse into a state of permanent neurosis 420 00:29:01,160 --> 00:29:03,754 because they will totally outnumber 421 00:29:03,840 --> 00:29:07,799 the psychiatric services needed to cure them. 422 00:29:07,880 --> 00:29:12,908 This, too, will be the legacy of thermo-nuclear war. 423 00:29:18,360 --> 00:29:22,319 I've already had... a dozen or so of my men go under. 424 00:29:23,360 --> 00:29:25,749 Just... with the strain. 425 00:29:26,880 --> 00:29:28,359 Overwork. 426 00:29:29,440 --> 00:29:33,274 People tend to forget that... a policeman... 427 00:29:33,360 --> 00:29:35,874 a Civil Defence worker... 428 00:29:35,960 --> 00:29:38,315 anybody... like this... 429 00:29:39,480 --> 00:29:41,869 is just a... normal human being, 430 00:29:41,960 --> 00:29:47,193 with... normal human reactions and... emotions. 431 00:29:49,240 --> 00:29:53,279 This policeman has spent the entire rescue period 432 00:29:53,360 --> 00:29:55,715 searching for his missing family. 433 00:30:02,040 --> 00:30:04,508 No-one's allowed in here. 434 00:30:04,880 --> 00:30:07,030 Go on. Clear off. 435 00:30:08,520 --> 00:30:10,988 Even in the lightly hit county of Kent, 436 00:30:11,080 --> 00:30:12,638 there would be immediately 437 00:30:12,720 --> 00:30:16,349 an estimated 50,000 corpses to dispose of. 438 00:30:17,800 --> 00:30:21,076 Will you tell us what... Will you tell us what's going on in there? 439 00:30:21,160 --> 00:30:22,912 They're not allowing any photographers in there. 440 00:30:23,000 --> 00:30:25,560 Yes, yes, I know, but, er, just a minute... 441 00:30:25,640 --> 00:30:29,235 Er, will you tell us what they're doing in there, please? 442 00:30:29,320 --> 00:30:32,153 They're simply burning the bodies. 443 00:30:32,240 --> 00:30:35,835 The buildings are full of them. There's just too many to bury. 444 00:30:38,440 --> 00:30:40,795 The buildings are... 445 00:30:40,880 --> 00:30:45,829 The buildings are full so all we can do is put 'em on raised steel girders 446 00:30:45,920 --> 00:30:48,229 and put a fire underneath. 447 00:30:48,320 --> 00:30:50,276 It's just like making a grill. 448 00:30:54,240 --> 00:30:55,832 Two days after the attack, 449 00:30:55,920 --> 00:30:59,754 the military authorities, to stop the possible spreading of disease, 450 00:30:59,840 --> 00:31:04,675 seal off two square miles of the damaged area that had been Rochester 451 00:31:04,760 --> 00:31:05,875 and arm the surviving police, 452 00:31:05,960 --> 00:31:09,430 determined to prevent by force if necessary 453 00:31:09,520 --> 00:31:13,513 relatives of the dead removing bodies before the process of burning. 454 00:31:15,640 --> 00:31:18,677 We were doing the, er, job, 455 00:31:18,760 --> 00:31:21,069 burning the... bodies, 456 00:31:21,160 --> 00:31:25,278 when two of the soldiers said they weren't gonna do it any more. 457 00:31:25,360 --> 00:31:28,716 One of their officers came up and told them to get on with it 458 00:31:28,800 --> 00:31:31,109 and they said no again 459 00:31:31,200 --> 00:31:33,270 so he shot them both on the spot. 460 00:31:34,640 --> 00:31:37,074 Everything that you are now seeing 461 00:31:37,160 --> 00:31:41,711 happened in Germany after the heavy bombing in the last war. 462 00:31:41,800 --> 00:31:44,917 It would almost certainly have to happen in Britain 463 00:31:45,000 --> 00:31:47,560 after a nuclear war. 464 00:31:47,680 --> 00:31:52,674 Another thing the Germans did after the bombing on Dresden 465 00:31:52,760 --> 00:31:57,880 was they... took the wedding rings from the bodies. 466 00:31:59,280 --> 00:32:04,877 They were trying to identify them from the inscription inside the ring. 467 00:32:04,960 --> 00:32:07,838 Er, we also are doing this. 468 00:32:09,240 --> 00:32:12,869 We are keeping the rings in this bucket here. 469 00:32:16,600 --> 00:32:20,991 This is a possible part of nuclear war. 470 00:32:24,240 --> 00:32:26,356 For the following 48 hours, 471 00:32:26,440 --> 00:32:30,513 an estimated one third of the entire land surface of Britain 472 00:32:30,600 --> 00:32:33,194 would be covered by a total dose of radiation 473 00:32:33,280 --> 00:32:37,990 exceeding ten times the amount needed to kill a man in the open. 474 00:32:39,080 --> 00:32:40,832 For many of those within this area 475 00:32:40,920 --> 00:32:44,754 who had remained even inside the shelter of their homes, 476 00:32:44,840 --> 00:32:48,230 there would be death within five weeks. 477 00:32:48,320 --> 00:32:52,836 I... I know a thing or two about... leu... leukaemia and... and suchlike. 478 00:32:55,040 --> 00:32:59,670 I deliberately haven't spoken to my wife about this in the last few days. 479 00:32:59,760 --> 00:33:01,830 But, you know, I'm... 480 00:33:01,920 --> 00:33:04,275 I... I'm so scared. 481 00:33:04,800 --> 00:33:09,191 I... I just want my kids to... to grow up, that's all. 482 00:33:10,960 --> 00:33:13,872 I don't know what's gonna be left of anything, or... 483 00:33:13,960 --> 00:33:16,599 I... I can't change that now. 484 00:33:17,760 --> 00:33:22,390 It's... Well, I... I suppose I'm just being... selfish. 485 00:33:23,840 --> 00:33:26,070 I just want my kids to be straight 486 00:33:26,160 --> 00:33:29,436 and... and not to have this... poison working in their bones. 487 00:33:44,240 --> 00:33:48,950 The main effect of exposure to severe radiation 488 00:33:49,040 --> 00:33:55,639 is to stop the renewal of the, er, cellular lining of your intestine, 489 00:33:55,720 --> 00:33:59,793 with the result that your body fluids flow straight out 490 00:33:59,880 --> 00:34:03,270 from the raw inside of your intestine 491 00:34:03,360 --> 00:34:06,636 and you literally... dry out. 492 00:34:57,040 --> 00:34:58,473 This is the menu of a meal 493 00:34:58,560 --> 00:35:01,711 prepared by the welfare section of the Civil Defence Corps 494 00:35:01,800 --> 00:35:07,079 during an exercise supposed to take place after a thermo-nuclear attack. 495 00:35:07,160 --> 00:35:09,628 "Braised steak, carrots, sprouts, 496 00:35:09,720 --> 00:35:11,472 roast and mashed potatoes, 497 00:35:11,560 --> 00:35:15,030 steamed pudding, apple pie and custard." 498 00:35:20,520 --> 00:35:22,670 After a nuclear attack on the United States, 499 00:35:22,760 --> 00:35:25,558 would Americans live as they're accustomed to, 500 00:35:25,640 --> 00:35:29,952 with automobiles, ranch houses, television, freezers and so on? 501 00:35:30,040 --> 00:35:31,871 No-one can say. 502 00:35:31,960 --> 00:35:37,114 We've got a bathful of water that hasn't been changed for five days. 503 00:35:37,200 --> 00:35:39,794 It's all the water we've got. 504 00:35:39,880 --> 00:35:42,235 We have to drink from it 505 00:35:42,320 --> 00:35:44,629 and have to cook with it 506 00:35:44,720 --> 00:35:46,233 and wash with it. 507 00:35:47,480 --> 00:35:50,438 At Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 508 00:35:50,520 --> 00:35:52,317 the population three months later 509 00:35:52,400 --> 00:35:57,349 was found to be apathetic and profoundly lethargic, 510 00:35:57,440 --> 00:35:59,476 people living often in their own filth, 511 00:35:59,560 --> 00:36:02,074 in total dejection and inertia. 512 00:36:14,400 --> 00:36:18,279 This baby boy has been bitten on the arm by a rat. 513 00:36:18,360 --> 00:36:21,193 There are now no medicines available 514 00:36:21,280 --> 00:36:24,989 to prevent the disease which may well follow. 515 00:36:25,800 --> 00:36:29,236 I was carrying a loaf of bread home today 516 00:36:29,320 --> 00:36:30,548 from my mother, 517 00:36:30,640 --> 00:36:33,473 who'd given it to me, 518 00:36:33,560 --> 00:36:37,155 when a guy comes up and offers me a pound for it. 519 00:36:39,120 --> 00:36:41,236 Well, what could I say? 520 00:36:42,240 --> 00:36:44,196 You can't eat a pound note. 521 00:36:48,640 --> 00:36:51,837 In the face of growing hunger riots, it is very possible 522 00:36:51,920 --> 00:36:56,835 that dwindling supplies of food would finally be kept as a form of bonus, 523 00:36:56,920 --> 00:37:01,391 for those who perform the precarious maintenance of law and order. 524 00:37:01,480 --> 00:37:03,038 The result of such partial feeding 525 00:37:03,120 --> 00:37:05,475 would in itself be almost inevitable. 526 00:37:11,520 --> 00:37:12,873 Get off me! 527 00:37:14,560 --> 00:37:19,395 On this day, the first food rioter is killed by the police in Kent. 528 00:37:25,520 --> 00:37:27,909 Tell them to go back. 529 00:37:28,000 --> 00:37:29,274 One in the air. 530 00:37:33,840 --> 00:37:35,159 Two days later, 531 00:37:35,240 --> 00:37:37,071 as a direct result of this incident, 532 00:37:37,160 --> 00:37:40,948 a police ammunition truck and its contents are seized 533 00:37:41,040 --> 00:37:43,634 and its volunteer drivers murdered. 534 00:37:47,000 --> 00:37:49,150 String him up! 535 00:37:52,720 --> 00:37:54,517 Get 'im! 536 00:38:06,400 --> 00:38:09,551 In Germany during the last war, it was noticed that, 537 00:38:09,640 --> 00:38:12,996 with people who'd suffered personal loss or deprivation, 538 00:38:13,080 --> 00:38:16,356 even amongst the so-called decent middle class, 539 00:38:16,440 --> 00:38:20,513 there was a tendency to develop indifference towards the law 540 00:38:20,600 --> 00:38:23,558 and to indulge in looting, black market and petty theft. 541 00:38:25,320 --> 00:38:28,630 This is a Government Food Control Centre, 542 00:38:28,720 --> 00:38:33,111 seized and pilfered by armed anti-authority elements. 543 00:38:33,200 --> 00:38:36,909 This is Mrs Joyce Fisher from Gravesend. 544 00:38:37,000 --> 00:38:38,831 She was a housewife. 545 00:38:38,920 --> 00:38:40,797 Three yards from her, 546 00:38:40,880 --> 00:38:43,235 the bodies of the military guard. 547 00:38:46,600 --> 00:38:50,957 When morale falls, ideals fall and may go 548 00:38:51,040 --> 00:38:55,079 and behaviour becomes more primitive, more a thing of instinct. 549 00:38:56,160 --> 00:39:00,631 Three days later, the first policemen in Kent are killed. 550 00:39:08,760 --> 00:39:11,069 Within the next 15 years, 551 00:39:11,160 --> 00:39:16,553 possibly another 12 countries will have acquired thermo-nuclear weapons. 552 00:39:16,640 --> 00:39:17,959 For this reason, 553 00:39:18,040 --> 00:39:22,795 if not through accident or the impulses of man himself... 554 00:39:22,880 --> 00:39:25,394 - Hold it. ...it is now more than possible 555 00:39:25,480 --> 00:39:28,233 that what you have seen happen in this film 556 00:39:28,320 --> 00:39:32,677 will have taken place before the year 1980. 557 00:39:33,640 --> 00:39:35,312 On the authority of the regional commissioner, 558 00:39:35,400 --> 00:39:38,676 under article 17, dealing with civil disturbances 559 00:39:38,760 --> 00:39:42,673 and the prevention of Crown-appointed officers from carrying out duties, 560 00:39:42,760 --> 00:39:45,752 John Edward Jarrett and William Michael Eades 561 00:39:45,840 --> 00:39:48,479 are hereby sentenced to death by firing squad. 562 00:39:49,480 --> 00:39:51,596 May God have mercy on their souls. 563 00:39:51,680 --> 00:39:53,511 Kneel, 564 00:39:53,600 --> 00:39:56,592 and we will say the Lord's Prayer together. 565 00:40:01,400 --> 00:40:04,278 Our Father which art in heaven, 566 00:40:04,360 --> 00:40:06,669 Hallowed be thy name. 567 00:40:06,760 --> 00:40:08,352 Thy kingdom come. 568 00:40:08,440 --> 00:40:10,476 Thy will be done on earth, 569 00:40:10,560 --> 00:40:12,676 as it is in heaven. 570 00:40:12,760 --> 00:40:15,991 Give us this day our daily bread. 571 00:40:16,080 --> 00:40:18,469 And forgive us our trespasses, 572 00:40:18,560 --> 00:40:21,711 as we forgive them that trespass against us. 573 00:40:22,800 --> 00:40:24,870 And lead us not into temptation, 574 00:40:24,960 --> 00:40:26,916 but deliver us from evil. 575 00:40:28,000 --> 00:40:29,353 Amen. 576 00:40:35,160 --> 00:40:39,278 Father, have mercy on their souls, 577 00:40:39,360 --> 00:40:41,794 for they know not what they do. 578 00:40:42,360 --> 00:40:43,952 Take aim. 579 00:40:45,680 --> 00:40:47,398 Fire. 580 00:40:52,600 --> 00:40:58,311 For those who haven't had access to orange juice, fresh vegetables, 581 00:40:58,400 --> 00:41:02,393 vitamin C in general, and that'll be most people, 582 00:41:02,480 --> 00:41:07,793 haemorrhages around the gums will set in at about the four-month stage 583 00:41:07,880 --> 00:41:11,111 and then you're into the initial stages of scurvy, 584 00:41:11,200 --> 00:41:13,270 with swelling of the ankles 585 00:41:13,360 --> 00:41:16,113 and bleeding into the joints of your body. 586 00:41:16,200 --> 00:41:21,115 Stille Nacht 587 00:41:21,200 --> 00:41:25,113 Heilige Nacht! 588 00:41:25,200 --> 00:41:27,509 December the 25th. 589 00:41:27,600 --> 00:41:30,910 A refugee compound in Dover, Kent, 590 00:41:31,000 --> 00:41:33,878 four months after the attack. 591 00:41:35,720 --> 00:41:44,037 Lieb' aus deinem g�ttlichen Mund 592 00:41:45,000 --> 00:41:48,470 Due to radiation, this little boy has only half 593 00:41:48,560 --> 00:41:51,632 the requisite number of red blood corpuscles. 594 00:41:51,720 --> 00:41:54,154 He will be bedridden for seven years, 595 00:41:54,240 --> 00:41:55,958 then he will die. 596 00:41:56,040 --> 00:41:58,838 This happened at Hiroshima. 597 00:41:59,440 --> 00:42:01,556 This girl is pregnant. 598 00:42:01,640 --> 00:42:04,632 Because of her constant exposure to radiation, 599 00:42:04,720 --> 00:42:09,077 she has no idea whether or not her baby will be born alive. 600 00:42:19,760 --> 00:42:23,878 The thing that terrifies me most is the little ones. 601 00:42:25,520 --> 00:42:30,071 If they've suffered badly from the effects of... 602 00:42:30,160 --> 00:42:35,029 of the sight of this horror and... destruction... 603 00:42:36,120 --> 00:42:39,635 it is probable that as a consequence 604 00:42:39,720 --> 00:42:46,239 some of them may... suffer... terrible character disorders. 605 00:42:49,760 --> 00:42:51,876 One just doesn't know. 606 00:42:52,960 --> 00:42:58,159 I saw one of the little boys in the compound here yesterday. 607 00:42:59,320 --> 00:43:02,153 He was bouncing around, 608 00:43:02,240 --> 00:43:05,152 playing hopscotch I think, 609 00:43:05,240 --> 00:43:07,913 and suddenly he sat down... 610 00:43:08,960 --> 00:43:11,554 as though he were very tired... 611 00:43:13,000 --> 00:43:16,276 and his face went listless... 612 00:43:17,640 --> 00:43:20,518 like that of an old man. 613 00:43:21,880 --> 00:43:25,509 These children are orphans of the attack. 614 00:43:25,600 --> 00:43:30,116 They were each asked what they now wanted to grow up to be. 615 00:43:30,200 --> 00:43:32,509 I don't want to be nothing. 616 00:43:32,600 --> 00:43:34,431 Neither do I. 617 00:43:34,520 --> 00:43:36,590 I don't want to be nothing. 618 00:43:36,680 --> 00:43:39,513 Neither do I want to be nothing. 619 00:43:46,800 --> 00:43:51,396 On almost the entire subject of thermo-nuclear weapons, 620 00:43:51,480 --> 00:43:53,914 on the problems of their possession, 621 00:43:54,000 --> 00:43:56,639 on the effects of their use, 622 00:43:56,720 --> 00:44:01,271 there is now practically a total silence in the press, 623 00:44:01,360 --> 00:44:03,590 in official publications 624 00:44:03,680 --> 00:44:05,636 and on television. 625 00:44:07,480 --> 00:44:13,032 There is hope in any unresolved and unpredictable situation. 626 00:44:14,720 --> 00:44:19,714 But is there a real hope to be found in this silence? 627 00:44:22,120 --> 00:44:25,396 The world's stockpile of thermo-nuclear weapons 628 00:44:25,480 --> 00:44:29,632 has doubled within the last five years 629 00:44:29,720 --> 00:44:34,748 and now is the equivalent of almost 20 tons of high explosive 630 00:44:34,840 --> 00:44:39,755 to every man, woman and child on the planet. 631 00:44:41,680 --> 00:44:47,596 This stockpile is still steadily growing. 632 00:44:50,040 --> 00:44:54,636 Holy Night! 633 00:44:54,720 --> 00:45:04,152 Son of God, oh how laughs 634 00:45:04,640 --> 00:45:13,070 Love from your divine mouth 635 00:45:14,000 --> 00:45:22,749 That strikes us the saving hour' 636 00:45:22,840 --> 00:45:32,192 Christian in your birth 637 00:45:32,880 --> 00:45:39,718 Christian in your birth! 638 00:45:42,640 --> 00:45:47,077 Subtitles by Will Mann, Intelfax Media Access