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Let's look at the statistics.

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The United States hosts
5% of the world's population...

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but also 25%
of the world's prisoners.

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Think about that.

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A small country
with 5% of the world population

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has 25% of the world's prisoners?

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One in four?

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One in four human beings
behind bars, handcuffed,

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What is in the world is here,
in the land of the free.

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AN ORIGINAL NETFLIX DOCUMENTARY

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We had a prison population
of 300,000 people in 1972.

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Today, we have 2.3 million.

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The United States has the rate
highest incarceration rate in the world.

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Now suddenly they realize

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that maybe we need
reduce our prison system.

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"It became too expensive.
"It got out of hand."

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But the same guys
who often express so much concern

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because of the cost and size of the system

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they are usually not willing
to talk seriously

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about remedying the damage that has been done.

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History is not just things
that happen by accident.

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We are the product of what they chose
our ancestors, if we are white.

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If we are black, we are the product
of what our ancestors did not choose.

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And yet here we are all together,
the product of those elections.

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We must understand it
to be able to escape from that.

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The 13th Amendment to the Constitution

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says it's unconstitutional
for someone to be held as a slave.

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ABOLITION OF SLAVERY

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That is, it guarantees freedom...

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of all Americans.

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There are exceptions, like criminals.

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There is a clause, a technicality.

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EXCEPT AS PUNISHMENT FOR A CRIME

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If you have this stuffed into the structure,

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In this constitutional language,

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it is there to be used
for the purpose that one wants to use it.

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People have to take into account,

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when he talks about slavery,
It was an economic system.

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And the disappearance of slavery
at the end of the Civil War

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left the southern economy in ruins.

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This raised a lot of doubt.

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There are four million people
that were previously owned

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and they were, in a way, an integral part

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of the system
of economic production in the South.

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And now those people are free.

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What do you do with these people?

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How do you rebuild your economy?

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The Technicality of the 13th Amendment
was exploded immediately.

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After the Civil War,
African Americans were arrested en masse.

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It was the first increase
of the prison population.

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Basically, you were a slave again.
The 13th Amendment says:

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"Except criminals, everyone is free."
If you were penalized, it does not apply to you.

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They were arrested for petty crimes,

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like littering or laziness.

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And they had to work

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to rebuild the economy
of the South after the Civil War.

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After that,
went into a rapid transition

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to a kind of myth
about black crime.

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DIABOLIC CRIME OF BLACK BEASTS

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Find and read the rhetoric
What people used then.

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They said that the black
was out of control,

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that there was a threat of violence
for white women.

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The same kind of image
What we had from Uncle Remus

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and these cool black figures

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They were replaced by the evil black,
rapacious and threatening,

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that should be banned.

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THE BIRTH OF A NATION

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The birth of a nation
It was a very important cultural event.

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It is the first blockbuster film

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acclaimed for her artistic achievement
as for his political criticism.

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When it was launched,
had a euphoric response.

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THE BEST MOVIE OF ALL TIME

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Articles appeared where it was projected.

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THE HAUNTED CROWD

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The birth of a nation
confirmed the story

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that many white people wanted to tell
about the Civil War and its consequences.

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Erase the defeat
and extract from it a kind of martyrdom.

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Woodrow Wilson, the president at the time,
saw her in the White House.

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He said: "History written with illumination."

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and every image
what do you see of a black person

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It is a degraded, animalistic image.

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Cannibalistic, bestial.

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The image of the African American man.

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There is a famous scene
in which a woman jumps off the cliff

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so as not to be raped by a black criminal.

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In the movie, black people are
threats to white women.

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All the myths of black people
They were born as rapists

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because the political elite and companies
Whites needed blacks working.

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What we overlook
in The Birth of a Nation

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it was also
an incredibly accurate prediction

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the way the race
would work in the United States.

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THE TRIAL.

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GUILTY.

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The birth of a nation
was almost directly responsible

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of the revival of the Ku Klux Klan.

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had received
a heroic, romantic, brilliant portrait.

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The Klan never had the ritual
to burn the cross.

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That occurred to D. W. Griffith,

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because he thought it was
a great cinematic image.

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So that's an example
where life imitates art.

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The consequences went further

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the simple fact that it's a movie
from the beginnings of cinema.

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With the tremendous increase in popularity

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that the Ku Klux Klan had
thanks to The Birth of a Nation,

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another wave of terrorism came.

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A GANG KILLS TWO BLACKS

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There were lynchings between Reconstruction
and World War II.

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Thousands of African Americans murdered
by gangs...

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A GANG HANGS A BLACK MAN

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under the idea
that they had done something criminal.

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At the Democratic National Convention
in New York in 1924,

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It was estimated that at least
350 delegates belonged to the Klan.

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The demographic geography of this country
It was shaped at that time.

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Now we have African Americans
in Los Angeles,

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Oakland, Chicago, Cleveland,
Detroit, Boston, New York.

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few people understand
that African Americans in those communities

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They didn't get there as immigrants.
looking for new economic opportunities,

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but as refugees fleeing terror.

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We didn't make it to Oakland,
Los Angeles, Compton,

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Harlem, nor Brownsville in 2015.

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This is a generational trauma.

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The letters "KKK"
They were recorded with a knife

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in the chest and stomach
of this man in Houston, Texas,

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after being hanged
from an oak tree and whipped with a chain.

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3000 WILL BURN THE BLACK

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The black boy from Chicago,
Emmett Till is accused

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from having given unwanted attention
to Roy Bryant's very attractive wife.

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YOUNG BLACK MURDERED
FOR "WHISTLING" AT A WOMAN

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BLACK MISSING
HE IS FOUND MURDERED IN THE RIVER

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When it became unacceptable...

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THE GREATEST AMERICAN SHAME

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be in that type of terrorism,
He moved on to something more legal.

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SEGREGATION FOREVER

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The segregation. Jim Crow.

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TRAVEL ABROAD
VOTE - OWN WEAPONS

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Laws were passed
that outlawed African Americans

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to permanent second-class status.

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THEY ARE DENIED THE VOTE
MORE THAN 300,000 BLACKS IN THE WING

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POLICE ORDER
ONLY PEOPLE OF COLOR

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These things gave life
to Griffith's prophecy...

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TEACHER

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about the way the race works.
Fear of crime is key in all of this.

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Every sign that said "white and colored",

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every time you had
to deal with the indignation...

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LAWYER

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of being banned
enter from the front.

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Every time they didn't let you vote
or go to school,

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you were loading
with a weight that was insulting.

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Civil rights activists
they saw the need

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to create a movement
for civil rights,

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but also for human rights.

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And I think now we should
start preparing for the inevitable.

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Yeah!

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And leave us, when that time comes...

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live the situations we face

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with great dignity,
sanity and rationality.

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They want to put white and colored children in

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in the crucible of integration,

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through which a conglomerate will emerge

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of mulatto, mestizo class people.

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Both races will be destroyed
with such a movement.

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We have just been informed
that the students are already inside.

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The blacks were trying to integrate the beaches.

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And the Florida Advisory Committee
for the Civil Rights Commission

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warned that the city was becoming
a racial superbomb with a short fuse.

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Civil rights activists
began to appear in the media,

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and among them many politicians,
like criminals.

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People who deliberately
violated the law,

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the southern segregation law.

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CLOSED SOURCE

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I've been listening for years
the word "wait."

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Sounds very familiar
in the ears of all black people.

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This wait
It almost always meant never.

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Justice long delayed
It is justice denied.

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One of the best tactics
of the civil rights movement

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was the transformation
of the notion of crime.

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For the first time,
Being arrested was a noble thing.

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HISTORY TEACHER

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Being arrested by white people
It was your worst nightmare.

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It still is
for many African Americans.

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So what were they doing?

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They voluntarily defined a movement
around being arrested.

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They turned it over.

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If you look at history

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of the many struggles
of black people in this country,

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the connecting theme is search
for being understood

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as complicated whole human beings.

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I AM A MAN

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We are not that visceral image
of crime,

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danger and threat
with which white people associate us.

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We are willing to be hit
for democracy, and they misuse it in the street.

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let's leave aside
irrelevant differences...

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and let's unite our nation.

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The Civil Rights Act
and the vote said:

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"Finally, we admitted it.

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Although slavery ended
in December 1865...

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we take away your rights
to those people and now we will fix it.

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For the first time,

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the promise of equal justice
It became at least a possibility.

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Their cause must also be ours.

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Unfortunately, at the same time

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in which the civil rights movement
gained strength,

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00:13:16,300 --> 00:13:19,178
crime rates started
to increase in this country.

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Crime was increasing
in the baby boom generation...

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TEACHER

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that had arisen
after the Second World War.

207
00:13:25,768 --> 00:13:26,769
They were already adults.

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00:13:26,853 --> 00:13:32,734
Due to a simple demographic change,
There was an increase in the number of crimes.

209
00:13:32,817 --> 00:13:36,363
And then it was very easy
for politicians to say

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that the civil rights movement
contributed to increasing crimes...

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00:13:42,369 --> 00:13:43,828
EDUCATOR AND AUTHOR

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and what if we were going to give them
freedom for blacks,

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00:13:46,748 --> 00:13:50,460
then they would pay us,
to the nation, with crimes.

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The prison population in the United States
remained constant

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00:13:55,423 --> 00:13:57,091
for most of the 20th century.

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It didn't go up much, and it didn't go down much either.

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But that changed in the seventies.

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00:14:02,304 --> 00:14:04,682
And in the seventies, we began an era

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00:14:04,766 --> 00:14:08,895
that was defined
as "mass incarceration."

220
00:14:08,978 --> 00:14:13,065
This is a nation of laws,
And as Abraham Lincoln said:

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"No one is above the law.
"No one is under the law."

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00:14:16,611 --> 00:14:18,488
And we will enforce the law,

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00:14:18,571 --> 00:14:22,241
and Americans should remember that
if we want to have law and order.

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00:14:23,284 --> 00:14:27,414
Breaking rocks out here
In a chained group

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00:14:27,497 --> 00:14:31,418
Breaking rocks and serving my time

226
00:14:31,501 --> 00:14:35,129
Breaking rocks out here
In a chained group

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Because I was convicted of a crime

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Hold her tight there while I hit her

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Every moment in history
It is a fleeting, precious and unique moment.

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00:14:48,476 --> 00:14:51,521
But some stand out
like starting moments...

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00:14:52,480 --> 00:14:58,528
in which courses are established
that shape decades or centuries.

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00:14:58,611 --> 00:15:00,488
This may be that kind of moment.

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00:15:00,572 --> 00:15:02,615
US PRISON POPULATION

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00:15:02,699 --> 00:15:07,495
It's in the Nixon era,
and the period of law and order,

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00:15:07,578 --> 00:15:09,831
that the crime begins
to associate with the race.

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PROFESSOR EMERITA

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If there is an area
where the word "war" is appropriate,

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It's in the fight against crime.

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00:15:16,921 --> 00:15:19,340
Part of what we talk about
It was a war against crime.

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00:15:19,424 --> 00:15:23,177
But that was a key word,
what we call "politics of subtleties"...

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00:15:23,260 --> 00:15:25,012
PREVIOUSLY IMPRISONED AUTHOR

242
00:15:25,096 --> 00:15:28,099
which referred to the movements
black politicians of that time,

243
00:15:28,182 --> 00:15:30,935
Black Power, Black Panther,
the antiwar movement,

244
00:15:31,018 --> 00:15:33,563
liberation movements
of women and gays,

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00:15:33,646 --> 00:15:36,608
against whom Nixon felt
the need to fight.

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00:15:36,691 --> 00:15:40,903
Once the federal government,
through the FBI, enter an area,

247
00:15:40,987 --> 00:15:43,740
should be a warning
for those who commit these acts

248
00:15:43,823 --> 00:15:47,494
that sooner or later
They are going to be imprisoned.

249
00:15:47,577 --> 00:15:50,162
There is a need for law and order.

250
00:15:50,997 --> 00:15:54,291
And Nixon becomes the person
that articulates it perfectly.

251
00:15:54,375 --> 00:15:58,212
There can be no progress
in the United States without respect for the law.

252
00:15:58,295 --> 00:16:01,298
Many people felt
that we were losing control.

253
00:16:02,925 --> 00:16:06,554
We need a total war
in the United States

254
00:16:06,638 --> 00:16:10,432
against the evil ones
what we see in our cities.

255
00:16:12,143 --> 00:16:15,897
The federal budget
for local police it will double.

256
00:16:15,980 --> 00:16:17,439
Authors are running out of time

257
00:16:17,524 --> 00:16:21,235
of crime and corruption
in American society.

258
00:16:21,318 --> 00:16:24,697
The crime wave
It will not be the wave of the future

259
00:16:24,781 --> 00:16:27,074
in the United States.

260
00:16:27,158 --> 00:16:29,994
We must make room
what I have called "total war"

261
00:16:30,077 --> 00:16:33,540
against public enemy number one
of the United States,

262
00:16:33,623 --> 00:16:34,957
dangerous drugs.

263
00:16:35,041 --> 00:16:36,626
"A war on drugs."

264
00:16:36,709 --> 00:16:41,172
And that statement gave rise to this era,

265
00:16:41,255 --> 00:16:44,717
where we decide to deal
with drug addiction and dependence

266
00:16:44,801 --> 00:16:47,428
as a criminal problem and not a health problem.

267
00:16:47,512 --> 00:16:49,681
Hundreds of thousands of people

268
00:16:49,764 --> 00:16:52,433
were sent to prison
for possession of marijuana,

269
00:16:52,517 --> 00:16:54,310
for low-level offenses.

270
00:16:55,978 --> 00:17:01,693
Public enemy number one
of the US is drug abuse.

271
00:17:02,694 --> 00:17:04,779
In order to fight
and defeat this enemy,

272
00:17:04,862 --> 00:17:09,325
it is necessary to launch
a new all-out offensive.

273
00:17:11,160 --> 00:17:14,288
This call for law and order
becomes integral to something

274
00:17:14,371 --> 00:17:17,374
that becomes known
like the southern strategy.

275
00:17:17,458 --> 00:17:21,546
Nixon recruits whites from the South,
formerly staunch democrats,

276
00:17:21,629 --> 00:17:22,922
under the republican mantle.

277
00:17:23,005 --> 00:17:24,215
VOTE FOR REPUBLICANS

278
00:17:24,298 --> 00:17:29,637
Persuading poor and working whites
to join the Republican Party...

279
00:17:29,721 --> 00:17:33,725
When talking to them
in subtle and non-racist terms...

280
00:17:33,808 --> 00:17:36,143
a racial appeal
delicately concealed...

281
00:17:36,227 --> 00:17:37,519
when talking about crime,

282
00:17:37,604 --> 00:17:40,565
of law and order
or the chaos of urban cities...

283
00:17:40,648 --> 00:17:41,816
TEACHER

284
00:17:41,899 --> 00:17:43,539
created by civil rights groups.

285
00:17:43,568 --> 00:17:46,278
We have launched an all-out offensive
against crime,

286
00:17:46,362 --> 00:17:49,281
against drug trafficking,
against permissiveness in our country.

287
00:17:49,365 --> 00:17:52,034
The rhetoric of "toughening up"
and "law and order"

288
00:17:52,118 --> 00:17:55,246
It was part of the backlash
of the civil rights movement.

289
00:17:55,329 --> 00:17:57,123
ADVISOR TO RICHARD NIXON

290
00:17:58,332 --> 00:18:01,127
Nixon administration staff
said that the war on drugs

291
00:18:01,210 --> 00:18:03,379
was created to put
blacks in jail.

292
00:18:03,462 --> 00:18:04,505
He said, and I quote:

293
00:18:04,589 --> 00:18:07,759
"The Nixon campaign of 1968,
and the Nixon White House later,

294
00:18:07,842 --> 00:18:10,720
They had two enemies,
the anti-war left and the blacks.

295
00:18:10,803 --> 00:18:11,971
Do you understand?

296
00:18:12,054 --> 00:18:15,600
We knew we couldn't outlaw
to blacks or being against the war.

297
00:18:15,683 --> 00:18:18,436
Making it associate
to the hippies with marijuana...

298
00:18:18,519 --> 00:18:21,898
and the blacks with heroin,
and penalizing both harshly,

299
00:18:21,981 --> 00:18:23,691
we could affect those groups.

300
00:18:23,775 --> 00:18:26,986
We could arrest their leaders,
raid their houses, stop their meetings,

301
00:18:27,069 --> 00:18:29,656
and denigrate them night after night
in the news.

302
00:18:29,739 --> 00:18:32,033
Did we know we were lying about drugs?

303
00:18:32,116 --> 00:18:33,492
Of course."

304
00:18:33,575 --> 00:18:40,332
US PRISON POPULATION

305
00:18:48,800 --> 00:18:51,886
At the end of the Reagan era
I was 11 or 12

306
00:18:51,969 --> 00:18:54,639
I could already understand
That this would change forever

307
00:18:54,722 --> 00:18:57,308
They declared war on drugs
war against fear

308
00:18:57,391 --> 00:19:00,394
But what he did was
Letting the police intimidate us

309
00:19:00,477 --> 00:19:03,230
But mostly blacks
But they called us niggers

310
00:19:03,314 --> 00:19:06,317
And they laid us face down
Pointing their guns at us

311
00:19:08,069 --> 00:19:10,697
Raise your right hand and repeat after me.

312
00:19:10,780 --> 00:19:13,407
I, Ronald Reagan, do solemnly swear...

313
00:19:13,490 --> 00:19:15,827
I, Ronald Reagan, do solemnly swear...

314
00:19:15,910 --> 00:19:18,537
that I will faithfully assume the mandate...

315
00:19:18,620 --> 00:19:23,876
The election of Ronald Reagan was,
in many ways, transformative,

316
00:19:23,960 --> 00:19:25,837
in a negative sense.

317
00:19:25,920 --> 00:19:29,423
President Richard Nixon
He was the first to coin the term

318
00:19:29,506 --> 00:19:30,842
"war on drugs",

319
00:19:30,925 --> 00:19:35,722
But President Ronald Reagan
turned it into a literal war.

320
00:19:35,805 --> 00:19:38,474
American children
They return to schools.

321
00:19:38,557 --> 00:19:42,103
And while drug and alcohol abuse
crosses all generations,

322
00:19:42,186 --> 00:19:44,521
It is especially harmful to young people

323
00:19:44,605 --> 00:19:46,315
on which our future depends.

324
00:19:46,398 --> 00:19:51,403
The modern war on drugs
It was declared by Ronald Reagan in 1982.

325
00:19:51,487 --> 00:19:54,115
As we mobilize in this national crusade,

326
00:19:54,198 --> 00:19:58,077
I am aware that drugs
They are a constant temptation for many.

327
00:19:58,160 --> 00:19:59,880
The surveys
of public opinion at that time

328
00:19:59,954 --> 00:20:02,915
show that it was not a problem
for most of the country.

329
00:20:02,999 --> 00:20:04,834
But Reagan was determined

330
00:20:04,917 --> 00:20:07,628
to put it to your ends
to define it as a problem.

331
00:20:07,712 --> 00:20:10,798
A war on drugs
It is a war of individual battles.

332
00:20:10,882 --> 00:20:14,593
Reagan used his wife, for example,
in the "Just Say No" campaign.

333
00:20:14,676 --> 00:20:19,431
She helped many young people
to say no to drugs.

334
00:20:19,515 --> 00:20:21,934
Nancy, much of it
of the credit belongs to you.

335
00:20:22,018 --> 00:20:23,310
This is your brain.

336
00:20:24,270 --> 00:20:25,897
These are the drugs.

337
00:20:31,443 --> 00:20:33,195
This is your brain when you get high.

338
00:20:33,279 --> 00:20:34,446
I joined.

339
00:20:34,530 --> 00:20:36,908
And some people said:
"How can you join...

340
00:20:36,991 --> 00:20:38,284
CONGRESSMAN

341
00:20:38,367 --> 00:20:41,287
someone who declares war
to drugs like Ronald Reagan?"

342
00:20:41,370 --> 00:20:45,958
I joined Nancy Reagan
'cause she said, "Just say no."

343
00:20:46,042 --> 00:20:50,254
Just say not so loud
that everyone around you can hear you.

344
00:20:50,337 --> 00:20:53,715
We are talking about a general education.

345
00:20:53,800 --> 00:20:55,802
We're not talking about locking people up.

346
00:20:55,885 --> 00:21:00,306
We are talking about educating people.
We talk about prevention.

347
00:21:00,389 --> 00:21:02,767
There was an economic crisis
in the US at that time.

348
00:21:02,850 --> 00:21:06,062
I'm sorry to say that we are
in the worst economic problem

349
00:21:06,145 --> 00:21:07,729
since the Great Depression.

350
00:21:07,814 --> 00:21:09,982
There is a frontal assault

351
00:21:10,066 --> 00:21:14,195
to the institutions that are designed
to assist human beings,

352
00:21:14,278 --> 00:21:19,075
in the educational system,
well-being, work, health.

353
00:21:19,158 --> 00:21:22,829
Government programs that cannot
be paid with a balanced budget

354
00:21:22,912 --> 00:21:25,331
They must be paid out of their pockets.

355
00:21:25,414 --> 00:21:28,459
They say the rich get richer,
and the poor poorer.

356
00:21:28,542 --> 00:21:32,171
The idea of ​​expanding freedom
of American companies

357
00:21:32,254 --> 00:21:33,589
and the entrepreneurial class...

358
00:21:33,672 --> 00:21:38,219
We will save 1.8 billion
in fiscal year 1982.

359
00:21:38,302 --> 00:21:41,263
Luxury stores like Neiman Marcus
They predict record sales.

360
00:21:41,347 --> 00:21:44,225
The number of Americans
below the poverty level

361
00:21:44,308 --> 00:21:46,685
It is the highest in the last two decades.

362
00:21:47,269 --> 00:21:50,898
Yes, there was an increase in poverty,

363
00:21:50,982 --> 00:21:54,526
but it is a smaller increase
than that of previous years,

364
00:21:54,610 --> 00:21:55,778
before we arrived.

365
00:21:55,862 --> 00:21:58,823
It has started to decrease,
but it's still going up.

366
00:21:58,906 --> 00:22:03,244
In the mid-80s, it had already begun
the war on drugs.

367
00:22:03,327 --> 00:22:06,956
Then suddenly
A new drug arrives, crack.

368
00:22:07,039 --> 00:22:10,584
Steve Young reports
about a new drug called crack.

369
00:22:10,667 --> 00:22:13,504
It's dangerous. It's deadly. It will kill them.

370
00:22:13,587 --> 00:22:17,174
"The drug epidemic is so dangerous
like any terrorist."

371
00:22:17,258 --> 00:22:20,302
That's what they told the committees.
of the Senate and the White House

372
00:22:20,386 --> 00:22:22,179
in the hearings
of drug abuse.

373
00:22:22,263 --> 00:22:25,933
This drug that could be marketed
in very small doses,

374
00:22:26,017 --> 00:22:27,977
relatively economical,

375
00:22:28,060 --> 00:22:30,437
was going to take root in the communities,

376
00:22:30,521 --> 00:22:33,232
and in particular, among African Americans.

377
00:22:33,315 --> 00:22:37,153
The crack was an internal problem
of the city, and cocaine, a suburban one.

378
00:22:37,236 --> 00:22:40,281
Smokable cocaine, known as crack,

379
00:22:40,364 --> 00:22:42,574
It is an uncontrollable fire.

380
00:22:42,658 --> 00:22:45,244
The Congress,
in virtually record time,

381
00:22:45,327 --> 00:22:49,081
established mandatory sentences
for the crack

382
00:22:49,165 --> 00:22:52,584
which were much harder
than those of powder cocaine.

383
00:22:52,668 --> 00:22:56,630
The same amount of time in prison
for 30 g of crack

384
00:22:56,714 --> 00:22:58,757
than the one they give you
for three kilos of common cocaine.

385
00:22:58,841 --> 00:23:01,594
Police take severe action
against crack dealers.

386
00:23:01,677 --> 00:23:06,765
Usually blacks, Hispanics, Latinos,
They received long sentences...

387
00:23:06,848 --> 00:23:08,559
106TH MAYOR OF NEW YORK

388
00:23:08,642 --> 00:23:10,102
for possession of crack.

389
00:23:10,186 --> 00:23:11,478
If you were a black on crack,

390
00:23:11,562 --> 00:23:13,855
You were going to prison for the rest of your life.

391
00:23:13,940 --> 00:23:15,482
PREVIOUSLY JAILED ACTIVIST

392
00:23:15,566 --> 00:23:17,609
If you were white, you got spanked.

393
00:23:17,693 --> 00:23:21,072
Cocaine was much more sophisticated.

394
00:23:21,155 --> 00:23:22,990
It was just a powder.

395
00:23:23,074 --> 00:23:26,702
For next year, our spending
for drug law enforcement

396
00:23:26,785 --> 00:23:29,496
will have tripled its 1981 levels.

397
00:23:32,249 --> 00:23:36,378
Suddenly a scythe
passed through our black communities...

398
00:23:36,462 --> 00:23:38,172
PREVIOUSLY JAILED ACTIVIST

399
00:23:38,255 --> 00:23:40,967
literally starting
to the men of their families,

400
00:23:41,050 --> 00:23:45,054
many people
They disappeared and went to our prisons,

401
00:23:45,137 --> 00:23:47,556
and for a long time.

402
00:23:47,639 --> 00:23:52,394
Millions of dollars will be allocated
to prisons and jails.

403
00:23:52,478 --> 00:23:54,521
This kind of inequality with Reagan

404
00:23:54,605 --> 00:23:58,859
exploded quickly
into the era of mass incarceration.

405
00:23:58,942 --> 00:24:01,487
What Reagan does, in short,

406
00:24:01,570 --> 00:24:06,033
is to take the problem
of economic inequality,

407
00:24:06,117 --> 00:24:11,205
of hypersegregation in cities
and the problem of drug abuse,

408
00:24:11,288 --> 00:24:16,210
and penalize all that
under the war on drugs.

409
00:24:16,293 --> 00:24:21,507
We should have treated the crack
and cocaine as the same thing.

410
00:24:21,590 --> 00:24:25,552
I think it was a huge burden.
for the black community,

411
00:24:25,636 --> 00:24:28,889
but it also fundamentally violated
a sense of central justice.

412
00:24:28,972 --> 00:24:35,771
When crack came out in the eighties,
the mayors considered it a danger

413
00:24:35,854 --> 00:24:36,980
and they wanted to take action.

414
00:24:37,064 --> 00:24:40,234
Rangel was one of those who asked
harsher sentences.

415
00:24:40,317 --> 00:24:43,445
Maybe it seemed like a good idea
at that moment,

416
00:24:43,529 --> 00:24:46,240
but it failed to be effective.

417
00:24:46,323 --> 00:24:49,535
Years later,
An attempt was made to rewrite history.

418
00:24:49,618 --> 00:24:55,374
like racial inequality
established by bad whites.

419
00:24:56,375 --> 00:24:57,501
It didn't come from there.

420
00:24:57,584 --> 00:25:01,172
In many ways,
the so-called war on drugs

421
00:25:01,255 --> 00:25:04,091
it was a war
against communities of color,

422
00:25:04,175 --> 00:25:09,596
a war against blacks,
against Latinos.

423
00:25:09,680 --> 00:25:13,600
And you see a rhetorical war
that was announced

424
00:25:13,684 --> 00:25:17,271
as part of a political strategy
by Richard Nixon

425
00:25:17,354 --> 00:25:21,233
and that was transformed
in a literal war for Ronald Reagan,

426
00:25:21,900 --> 00:25:27,073
turning it into something
that began to look almost like a genocide

427
00:25:27,156 --> 00:25:29,700
in many
from poor communities of color.

428
00:25:30,701 --> 00:25:32,202
Nixon's Southern Strategy

429
00:25:32,286 --> 00:25:35,539
was implemented just after
of the civil rights movement.

430
00:25:35,622 --> 00:25:37,416
He used the fear of crime,
and law and order

431
00:25:37,499 --> 00:25:39,251
to easily win the elections.

432
00:25:41,337 --> 00:25:44,047
Reagan promised
tax cuts for the rich,

433
00:25:44,131 --> 00:25:46,300
and put the crack users
in jail.

434
00:25:46,383 --> 00:25:48,885
Both things devastated
to communities of color,

435
00:25:48,969 --> 00:25:51,305
but they were effective
to get the vote of the South.

436
00:25:54,100 --> 00:25:58,354
There is no real understanding
of American political culture

437
00:25:58,437 --> 00:26:00,189
without race as a central part.

438
00:26:00,272 --> 00:26:04,485
In 1981, just before
after Reagan assumed the presidency,

439
00:26:04,568 --> 00:26:06,528
his campaign strategist,
Lee Atwater

440
00:26:06,612 --> 00:26:10,199
was recorded
explaining the southern strategy.

441
00:26:10,282 --> 00:26:12,326
In other words, you start...

442
00:26:12,409 --> 00:26:14,411
Don't quote this.

443
00:26:15,996 --> 00:26:19,833
You start in 1954 saying nigger.

444
00:26:19,916 --> 00:26:22,836
In 1968 you can't say nigger.
That hurts you. That explodes.

445
00:26:22,919 --> 00:26:28,008
So you say: "forced transportation",
"states' rights" and stuff.

446
00:26:28,091 --> 00:26:30,511
And now you become so abstract

447
00:26:30,594 --> 00:26:32,888
You talk about tax cuts.

448
00:26:32,971 --> 00:26:35,724
These things you talk about
They are economic things.

449
00:26:35,807 --> 00:26:37,559
And the result of them

450
00:26:37,643 --> 00:26:40,437
is that black people suffer more
than the whites.

451
00:26:42,898 --> 00:26:47,361
PRISON POPULATION

452
00:26:57,538 --> 00:26:59,498
They say I'm a criminal

453
00:26:59,581 --> 00:27:02,543
But now I wonder
How some people never find out

454
00:27:02,626 --> 00:27:04,711
that the enemy
I could be your friend, guardian

455
00:27:04,795 --> 00:27:07,047
I'm not a vandal
I like to go to parties

456
00:27:07,130 --> 00:27:10,509
And as soon as they see me, they fear me
I am the personification

457
00:27:10,592 --> 00:27:11,593
Of the public enemy

458
00:27:11,677 --> 00:27:14,971
Used, abused without proof
I refuse to explode

459
00:27:15,055 --> 00:27:16,408
They even put it on the news

460
00:27:16,432 --> 00:27:19,893
Don't believe the advertising

461
00:27:22,479 --> 00:27:24,832
TRAPPED WILD TEENS
IN RAPE - 7 GANG

462
00:27:24,856 --> 00:27:26,275
GANG

463
00:27:26,358 --> 00:27:28,694
The war on drugs
became popular

464
00:27:28,777 --> 00:27:30,362
on television shows like Cops.

465
00:27:33,199 --> 00:27:36,702
When you turn on the news at night,
you see black men

466
00:27:36,785 --> 00:27:39,246
parading handcuffed across the screen.

467
00:27:40,706 --> 00:27:43,750
The black men,
and black people in general,

468
00:27:43,834 --> 00:27:48,755
are overrepresented
in the news as criminals.

469
00:27:48,839 --> 00:27:51,675
That is, it shows them
like criminals

470
00:27:51,758 --> 00:27:53,385
beyond reality,

471
00:27:53,469 --> 00:27:57,306
who are really criminals,
according to FBI statistics.

472
00:27:58,098 --> 00:28:01,768
I am a fervent believer
of the power of the media

473
00:28:01,852 --> 00:28:04,813
full of these clichés
which basically present

474
00:28:04,897 --> 00:28:07,816
mostly black and brown
They look like animals in cages.

475
00:28:07,899 --> 00:28:09,943
Then, someone turns off the TV thinking...

476
00:28:10,026 --> 00:28:11,237
EDUCATOR AND AUTHOR

477
00:28:11,320 --> 00:28:12,600
"It's good that there are prisons.

478
00:28:12,654 --> 00:28:15,366
If not, those crazy people
"They would be loose on my block."

479
00:28:15,449 --> 00:28:17,826
Create a context
where people are afraid.

480
00:28:17,909 --> 00:28:19,286
ACTIVIST

481
00:28:19,370 --> 00:28:20,579
When you scare people,

482
00:28:20,662 --> 00:28:23,624
can you justify
throwing people away.

483
00:28:23,707 --> 00:28:25,917
You may come across a child

484
00:28:26,001 --> 00:28:28,629
waiting to take your wallet or purse.

485
00:28:28,712 --> 00:28:31,340
All media
They think I'm not a human being.

486
00:28:31,423 --> 00:28:36,177
I started hearing the word "superpredator"
as if it were my name.

487
00:28:36,262 --> 00:28:37,513
- Superpredator.
- Predator.

488
00:28:37,596 --> 00:28:39,681
- Superpredator.
- Superpredators.

489
00:28:39,765 --> 00:28:43,227
It's the word they used
To describe this generation,

490
00:28:43,310 --> 00:28:45,521
and it was very effective.

491
00:28:45,604 --> 00:28:47,356
Experts call them apex predators.

492
00:28:47,439 --> 00:28:50,108
They are no longer just gangs of children.

493
00:28:50,191 --> 00:28:53,862
They tend to be the type of children
which are called apex predators.

494
00:28:53,945 --> 00:28:55,697
They have no conscience, they don't feel empathy.

495
00:28:55,781 --> 00:29:00,201
A group of children that grows
without fear, without god and without work.

496
00:29:00,286 --> 00:29:03,747
For me, it's disturbing
the number of blacks who believed that.

497
00:29:03,830 --> 00:29:07,167
Animals, beasts
that needed to be controlled.

498
00:29:07,251 --> 00:29:08,544
KOCH CALLS THEM 'MONSTERS'

499
00:29:08,627 --> 00:29:11,380
When those grandmothers say:
"But he's a good boy.

500
00:29:11,463 --> 00:29:14,383
He never did anything," don't believe them.

501
00:29:14,466 --> 00:29:15,866
Many black communities began

502
00:29:15,926 --> 00:29:18,262
to support policies
who penalized their children.

503
00:29:18,345 --> 00:29:19,430
LAWYER

504
00:29:19,513 --> 00:29:22,223
Last night, the eight teenagers
accused of the attack

505
00:29:22,308 --> 00:29:25,185
were prosecuted for rape
and attempted murder.

506
00:29:25,269 --> 00:29:28,605
In the case of Central Park,
who put five teenagers in prison,

507
00:29:28,689 --> 00:29:32,609
because public pressure to imprison
to these "animals" was very strong.

508
00:29:32,693 --> 00:29:33,836
PARK MARADERS
THEY CALL IT 'WILD'

509
00:29:33,860 --> 00:29:36,488
You better believe
I hate people

510
00:29:36,572 --> 00:29:41,076
who was taken and brutally raped
to that girl.

511
00:29:41,159 --> 00:29:43,412
Donald Trump wanted to give them
the death penalty.

512
00:29:43,495 --> 00:29:46,957
He took out a full page advertisement
to put pressure.

513
00:29:47,040 --> 00:29:50,085
These children,
four of them under 18 years of age,

514
00:29:50,168 --> 00:29:53,422
They went to adult prisons
for between six and eleven years,

515
00:29:53,505 --> 00:29:57,092
before the dna test
would prove his innocence.

516
00:29:57,175 --> 00:29:59,595
We make them their crime.
This is how we present them.

517
00:29:59,678 --> 00:30:01,197
"That's a rapist. That's a murderer.

518
00:30:01,221 --> 00:30:03,264
He is a thief.
And that, a sexual harasser.

519
00:30:03,349 --> 00:30:05,601
That's an invader.
"That's the leader of a gang."

520
00:30:05,684 --> 00:30:08,937
Through that lens,
it becomes much easier

521
00:30:09,020 --> 00:30:11,857
accept that they are guilty
and they should go to prison.

522
00:30:13,442 --> 00:30:19,615
The objective reality
is that virtually no one who is white

523
00:30:19,698 --> 00:30:24,870
understand the challenge
of being black in the United States.

524
00:30:24,953 --> 00:30:31,585
So, they deliberately educated
to the public through the decades,

525
00:30:31,668 --> 00:30:37,173
so that they believe that black men
in particular and black people in general,

526
00:30:37,257 --> 00:30:38,759
They are criminals.

527
00:30:38,842 --> 00:30:40,051
I want to be clear.

528
00:30:40,135 --> 00:30:42,721
I'm not just saying
that white people believe this.

529
00:30:42,804 --> 00:30:48,477
Black people believe too
and they are terrified of themselves.

530
00:30:48,560 --> 00:30:51,897
Do you want to go back to the days
of military weakness,

531
00:30:51,980 --> 00:30:54,274
and take care of criminals
more than the victims?

532
00:30:54,358 --> 00:30:57,110
Don't take the risk.
Vote for me on Tuesday.

533
00:30:57,193 --> 00:31:00,614
Leadership on your side.
Michael Dukakis president.

534
00:31:00,697 --> 00:31:02,949
In the middle of the presidential campaign,

535
00:31:03,033 --> 00:31:08,539
a notice came out
about a person named Willie Horton.

536
00:31:08,622 --> 00:31:10,791
Bush and Dukakis against crime.

537
00:31:10,874 --> 00:31:13,251
Dukakis not only opposes
to the death penalty,

538
00:31:13,334 --> 00:31:16,838
allowed first degree murderers
get out of prison on weekends.

539
00:31:16,922 --> 00:31:18,214
One was Willie Horton.

540
00:31:18,298 --> 00:31:23,303
This became the central point
of an entire presidential campaign.

541
00:31:23,387 --> 00:31:25,556
Horton fled, kidnapped a young couple,

542
00:31:25,639 --> 00:31:28,266
stabbed the man
and repeatedly raped his girlfriend.

543
00:31:28,349 --> 00:31:31,853
Prison weekend passes.
Dukakis against crime.

544
00:31:31,937 --> 00:31:35,857
Dukakis had protected the program,
vetoed an effort to repeal it,

545
00:31:35,941 --> 00:31:38,985
and thus favored the murderers
letting them out for the weekend.

546
00:31:39,069 --> 00:31:41,738
Dukakis had an advantage
double digits over Bush

547
00:31:41,822 --> 00:31:45,492
before the campaign
will focus on Willie Horton,

548
00:31:45,576 --> 00:31:49,079
and then Bush beat Dukakis
and won the elections.

549
00:31:49,162 --> 00:31:53,124
What presidential candidate
Will it be tough on crime?

550
00:31:53,208 --> 00:31:54,668
George Bush.

551
00:31:54,751 --> 00:31:59,590
Bush won the election by creating fear
against blacks as criminals,

552
00:31:59,673 --> 00:32:02,092
without saying that that's what he did.

553
00:32:02,175 --> 00:32:08,765
A very racially divisive moment.

554
00:32:08,849 --> 00:32:13,186
They deliberately represented
to an African-American criminal in the campaign.

555
00:32:13,269 --> 00:32:15,105
Nobody can tell me otherwise.

556
00:32:15,188 --> 00:32:19,359
Liberals call him Willie Horton
to make it seem like you're being dismissive.

557
00:32:19,443 --> 00:32:23,572
The original article was Reader's Digest.
William Horton, no photos.

558
00:32:23,655 --> 00:32:25,699
The Democrats wanted
that you knew he was black.

559
00:32:26,700 --> 00:32:27,909
Thanks, Grover.

560
00:32:30,161 --> 00:32:31,872
It wasn't his name...

561
00:32:31,955 --> 00:32:33,289
FOUNDER, ♪CUT50

562
00:32:33,373 --> 00:32:35,709
It was his image
which was sensationalized.

563
00:32:35,792 --> 00:32:39,588
The liberals who said it was wrong
take on a murderer and rapist,

564
00:32:39,671 --> 00:32:43,800
They lost credibility in the discussion.
And the people said:

565
00:32:43,884 --> 00:32:46,637
"We don't want to hear anything more
what you say about crime."

566
00:32:46,720 --> 00:32:49,180
It doesn't matter what they say or what they do,

567
00:32:49,264 --> 00:32:54,227
they know exactly
what they wanted to achieve with that advertising.

568
00:32:54,310 --> 00:32:56,563
Stabbing a man and raping his girlfriend.

569
00:32:56,647 --> 00:33:02,944
It became a primitive fear,
a primitive American fear,

570
00:33:03,028 --> 00:33:08,199
because Willie Horton
he was metaphorically the black rapist

571
00:33:08,283 --> 00:33:11,161
who had been a model
of the white imagination

572
00:33:11,244 --> 00:33:13,288
since the times
after slavery.

573
00:33:15,749 --> 00:33:18,126
Here was the black man
convicted of rape.

574
00:33:18,209 --> 00:33:19,252
GUILTY.

575
00:33:20,086 --> 00:33:23,965
"I will be the savior and protector
of the white population".

576
00:33:24,049 --> 00:33:30,346
It doesn't matter what the story
of interracial rape in this country,

577
00:33:30,430 --> 00:33:36,394
is much more marked by violations
whites against black women

578
00:33:36,477 --> 00:33:38,772
than by blacks against white women.

579
00:33:41,357 --> 00:33:45,696
12 YEARS OF SLAVERY

580
00:33:50,116 --> 00:33:51,159
Patsey.

581
00:33:55,413 --> 00:34:00,168
This idea
that had such artistic utility

582
00:34:00,251 --> 00:34:02,629
in 1915 in The Birth of a Nation...

583
00:34:02,713 --> 00:34:03,898
KIDNAP - STAB - RAPE

584
00:34:03,922 --> 00:34:06,842
still has political utility
at the end of that century.

585
00:34:06,925 --> 00:34:13,181
The way they appeal to fear
and voter anxiety

586
00:34:13,264 --> 00:34:15,350
crosses black bodies.

587
00:34:17,018 --> 00:34:23,483
US PRISON POPULATION

588
00:34:32,784 --> 00:34:34,870
Kadeija's grandfather is in prison

589
00:34:34,953 --> 00:34:36,162
want to escape

590
00:34:36,246 --> 00:34:38,331
But the prison is no more
Than a private action

591
00:34:38,414 --> 00:34:40,208
She will dream of her liberation

592
00:34:40,291 --> 00:34:41,417
hates the police

593
00:34:41,501 --> 00:34:43,712
But loved by her grandmother
Who hugs her and kisses her

594
00:34:43,795 --> 00:34:46,214
His father is a political prisoner
Free Fred

595
00:34:46,297 --> 00:34:48,675
Son of a Panther
that the government murdered

596
00:34:48,759 --> 00:34:51,219
Behind enemy lines
My blacks are companions

597
00:34:51,302 --> 00:34:53,722
Most of the young people
They don't escape prison

598
00:34:53,805 --> 00:34:56,432
Maximum camps
They will improve your plans

599
00:34:56,516 --> 00:34:58,852
To keep us in the hands of man
Locked up

600
00:34:58,935 --> 00:35:02,230
They are a new generation of democrats,
Bill Clinton and Al Gore.

601
00:35:02,313 --> 00:35:04,440
They don't think like their party did before.

602
00:35:04,524 --> 00:35:08,153
They sent a clear message to criminals
supporting the death penalty.

603
00:35:08,236 --> 00:35:13,574
Looking at the way the Democrats
They were defeated in 1988,

604
00:35:13,659 --> 00:35:16,995
or in 1984, or in 1980,

605
00:35:17,078 --> 00:35:19,497
a feeling arises among Democrats

606
00:35:19,580 --> 00:35:24,044
that they must take a position
much more central.

607
00:35:24,127 --> 00:35:25,879
It became virtually impossible

608
00:35:25,962 --> 00:35:29,590
for a politician to run
and being soft on crime.

609
00:35:29,675 --> 00:35:32,343
I was not in favor of the proposal
which he was talking about.

610
00:35:32,427 --> 00:35:35,013
He wasn't tough enough on the criminal.

611
00:35:35,096 --> 00:35:39,434
In an environment where everyone
They compete in being tough on crime,

612
00:35:39,517 --> 00:35:41,770
everyone finishes quickly
in the same space.

613
00:35:41,853 --> 00:35:44,690
It is not a political advantage
unless you do something else.

614
00:35:44,773 --> 00:35:47,025
We need more police on the streets.

615
00:35:47,108 --> 00:35:49,569
An anti-crime bill
put more police

616
00:35:49,653 --> 00:35:52,447
was repealed in this session
by a delayer in the Senate,

617
00:35:52,530 --> 00:35:54,825
mostly by Republican senators.

618
00:35:54,908 --> 00:35:58,578
We constantly hear people say:
"Soft liberals will not protect them.

619
00:35:58,662 --> 00:36:01,873
Hardcore conservatives, yes."
We always win that fight.

620
00:36:01,956 --> 00:36:04,876
At the end of the 80s, beginnings
from the 90s, people like Clinton

621
00:36:04,959 --> 00:36:07,921
had begun to realize
that they should be able to reach us.

622
00:36:08,004 --> 00:36:12,718
I will faithfully assume the position
of President of the United States.

623
00:36:12,801 --> 00:36:15,971
Bill Clinton tries to realize

624
00:36:16,054 --> 00:36:20,475
how to deal with a country
which is basically still Reagan's,

625
00:36:20,558 --> 00:36:23,186
but who tries to govern as a democrat.

626
00:36:23,269 --> 00:36:28,108
Violent crime and the fear it provokes
It is paralyzing our society.

627
00:36:28,191 --> 00:36:32,653
Then they take place
horrendous high profile crimes.

628
00:36:32,738 --> 00:36:36,700
The residents gathered
to look for 12-year-old Polly Klaas.

629
00:36:36,783 --> 00:36:39,619
Now they're dealing
with the discovery of his body.

630
00:36:39,703 --> 00:36:45,125
Polly Klaas, kidnapped from her room
at home and then murdered,

631
00:36:45,208 --> 00:36:48,837
led to the "three strikes" law.

632
00:36:48,920 --> 00:36:51,089
When you commit a third violent crime,

633
00:36:51,172 --> 00:36:54,009
You will be imprisoned for life.

634
00:36:54,092 --> 00:36:56,552
Three fouls and you're out.

635
00:36:56,636 --> 00:36:58,679
a condemned person
for his third crime

636
00:36:58,764 --> 00:37:02,517
is sent to prison
for the rest of his life.

637
00:37:02,600 --> 00:37:05,353
There are so many accused of the three offenses
waiting for a trial,

638
00:37:05,436 --> 00:37:07,076
that the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department

639
00:37:07,147 --> 00:37:11,359
must release 4,200 prisoners
of minor crimes each month

640
00:37:11,442 --> 00:37:14,570
to make room
for the prisoners of the three strikes.

641
00:37:14,654 --> 00:37:16,823
It is in accordance with other policies
that we have created,

642
00:37:16,906 --> 00:37:18,783
such as mandatory minimum sentences.

643
00:37:18,867 --> 00:37:22,454
The "mandatory sentence." we said
that we would no longer allow the judges

644
00:37:22,537 --> 00:37:24,831
consider the circumstances
of a crime.

645
00:37:24,915 --> 00:37:27,250
We're just going to impose
a mandatory sentence.

646
00:37:27,333 --> 00:37:28,835
That's difficult for judges.

647
00:37:28,919 --> 00:37:30,336
VERA INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE

648
00:37:30,420 --> 00:37:32,756
They try
deliver justice daily

649
00:37:32,839 --> 00:37:34,758
and they can't do it.

650
00:37:34,841 --> 00:37:39,262
In many California communities,
civil trials were canceled

651
00:37:39,345 --> 00:37:41,222
to catch up
with the cases.

652
00:37:41,306 --> 00:37:44,142
We take away the criteria from the judges,

653
00:37:44,225 --> 00:37:46,394
the most neutral part of the court,

654
00:37:46,477 --> 00:37:48,897
and we gave it to the prosecutors.

655
00:37:48,980 --> 00:37:51,357
95% of elected prosecutors...

656
00:37:51,441 --> 00:37:52,984
DISTRICT LAWYER

657
00:37:53,068 --> 00:37:55,736
everyone in the United States is white.

658
00:37:55,821 --> 00:37:59,950
Serious violent crimes
They serve at least 85% of their sentence.

659
00:38:00,033 --> 00:38:01,552
We approve the Veracity of Penalties law

660
00:38:01,576 --> 00:38:04,204
that keeps people in prison
85% of his sentence.

661
00:38:04,287 --> 00:38:07,665
Veracity of the penalties.
You are sentenced to a certain amount of time.

662
00:38:07,748 --> 00:38:09,125
The public wants to be safe

663
00:38:09,209 --> 00:38:12,087
that you are going to serve all that time.

664
00:38:12,170 --> 00:38:13,338
No more probation.

665
00:38:13,421 --> 00:38:15,131
AMERICAN CONSERVATIVE UNION

666
00:38:15,215 --> 00:38:19,177
In the federal system, when they give you 20
or 30 years in prison, is what you serve.

667
00:38:19,260 --> 00:38:24,057
Probation was a way
to get people out of prisons

668
00:38:24,140 --> 00:38:26,852
when they were no longer a threat
for public safety.

669
00:38:26,935 --> 00:38:30,521
Sharanda spent the last 16 years
in prison and will die there,

670
00:38:30,605 --> 00:38:32,941
because she was sentenced
to life without parole.

671
00:38:33,024 --> 00:38:34,985
His only crime? Transport cocaine.

672
00:38:35,068 --> 00:38:37,946
When I say "only crime",
I mean his only crime.

673
00:38:38,029 --> 00:38:39,739
He had no other arrests. Nothing.

674
00:38:39,823 --> 00:38:45,703
The judge had to sentence
in perpetuity to Sharanda.

675
00:38:45,786 --> 00:38:49,249
Longer sentences
three fouls and you're out,

676
00:38:49,332 --> 00:38:53,419
almost 60 new offenses
death penalty...

677
00:38:53,503 --> 00:38:55,546
And then comes Congress

678
00:38:55,630 --> 00:39:01,344
with a 1994 proposal for a law
$30 billion federal crime

679
00:39:01,427 --> 00:39:05,515
which was strongly directed
towards forced incarceration.

680
00:39:05,598 --> 00:39:08,977
I propose a bill
against crime for the 21st century

681
00:39:09,060 --> 00:39:11,354
that use
the latest technology and tactics

682
00:39:11,437 --> 00:39:14,190
so that our communities
are even safer.

683
00:39:14,274 --> 00:39:16,276
The crime bill
was responsible

684
00:39:16,359 --> 00:39:19,820
of massive expansion
of the prison system.

685
00:39:19,905 --> 00:39:24,450
Beyond that, he provided
perverse monetary incentives

686
00:39:24,534 --> 00:39:26,953
for the police to do many things

687
00:39:27,037 --> 00:39:29,164
that today are considered abusive.

688
00:39:29,247 --> 00:39:34,044
It will be used to create prisons to remove
100,000 criminals off the streets.

689
00:39:34,127 --> 00:39:37,713
Not only does financing increase
to states to build prisons

690
00:39:37,797 --> 00:39:41,342
to lock up a lot of people
involved with drugs,

691
00:39:41,426 --> 00:39:44,845
but also to put
100,000 police officers on the streets.

692
00:39:44,930 --> 00:39:50,726
The crime was a burning political issue
used too often to divide us.

693
00:39:50,810 --> 00:39:53,021
what he did
President Clinton in 1994...

694
00:39:53,104 --> 00:39:55,065
PREVIOUSLY JAILED ACTIVIST

695
00:39:55,148 --> 00:39:57,358
It was much more damaging.
than his predecessors

696
00:39:57,442 --> 00:40:00,111
because he built
the infrastructure we see today,

697
00:40:00,195 --> 00:40:05,951
the militarization of the departments
rural police

698
00:40:06,034 --> 00:40:08,078
They have SWAT teams.

699
00:40:08,161 --> 00:40:10,205
And again we see
this way to increase

700
00:40:10,288 --> 00:40:13,416
the number of people
that was arrested at all levels

701
00:40:13,499 --> 00:40:18,129
and this way
to exploit the prison population.

702
00:40:19,672 --> 00:40:21,882
We are a nation that professes freedom,

703
00:40:21,967 --> 00:40:25,720
but we have mass incarceration,
this hyperincarceration...

704
00:40:25,803 --> 00:40:27,263
US SENATOR

705
00:40:27,347 --> 00:40:30,058
that sweeps and tracks

706
00:40:30,141 --> 00:40:32,102
to our most vulnerable citizens,

707
00:40:32,185 --> 00:40:35,230
and it's incredibly biased
towards people of color.

708
00:40:35,313 --> 00:40:41,736
US PRISON POPULATION

709
00:40:46,992 --> 00:40:49,077
but i want to say
a few words about it.

710
00:40:51,997 --> 00:40:55,583
Because I signed a proposal
which made the problem worse.

711
00:40:55,666 --> 00:40:57,418
And I want to admit it.

712
00:40:57,502 --> 00:41:01,922
His 1994 proposal,
who now admits it was a mistake...

713
00:41:02,007 --> 00:41:03,841
There were longer sentences.

714
00:41:05,843 --> 00:41:10,140
And most of these people
They are in prison under state law,

715
00:41:10,223 --> 00:41:13,226
but federal law
established a trend.

716
00:41:15,353 --> 00:41:17,647
And that was exaggerated.
We were wrong about that.

717
00:41:17,730 --> 00:41:22,902
I think it's important
that President Clinton recognizes

718
00:41:22,986 --> 00:41:29,700
that things did not work out
as he and we would have wished.

719
00:41:29,784 --> 00:41:33,621
I'm glad you realize
of the error of his actions.

720
00:41:33,704 --> 00:41:36,791
I think he knew even then
That was not good policy.

721
00:41:36,874 --> 00:41:40,295
At that time, there was a protest
due to the increase in the crime rate.

722
00:41:40,378 --> 00:41:41,538
DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE

723
00:41:41,587 --> 00:41:45,091
And the people of all communities
They asked for action to be taken.

724
00:41:45,175 --> 00:41:49,095
Now my husband said
at the NAACP last summer

725
00:41:49,179 --> 00:41:52,932
which solved some problems,
but created others,

726
00:41:53,016 --> 00:41:54,100
and I agree.

727
00:41:54,183 --> 00:41:57,353
I'm glad to see him apologizing,

728
00:41:57,437 --> 00:42:01,024
but I think it should be taken care of
and responsible for that,

729
00:42:01,107 --> 00:42:05,445
and also Hillary, because she supported him,
at that time and until recently.

730
00:42:05,528 --> 00:42:09,990
Bill Clinton confronted a group
of Black Lives Matter Protestants

731
00:42:10,075 --> 00:42:12,577
that manifested
against a 1994 bill

732
00:42:12,660 --> 00:42:16,247
which they said led to the increase
of the incarceration of blacks.

733
00:42:16,331 --> 00:42:19,084
I don't know how you could describe

734
00:42:19,167 --> 00:42:23,963
to the gang leaders who had
13 year old boys high on crack

735
00:42:24,047 --> 00:42:29,260
and they sent them to the streets
to murder other African American children.

736
00:42:29,344 --> 00:42:32,888
Maybe they thought they were
good citizens. Not her.

737
00:42:32,972 --> 00:42:34,599
Not her!

738
00:42:34,682 --> 00:42:39,437
They are defending the people who ended
with the lives they say matter.

739
00:42:39,520 --> 00:42:41,272
Tell the truth.

740
00:42:41,356 --> 00:42:43,858
We can't ignore
the reality we face.

741
00:42:43,941 --> 00:42:47,112
The policies that Bill Clinton proposed,

742
00:42:47,195 --> 00:42:49,739
the mandatory minimum, the three faults...

743
00:42:49,822 --> 00:42:52,242
He was using political force.

744
00:42:52,325 --> 00:42:54,202
They forced millions of people

745
00:42:54,285 --> 00:42:57,413
that otherwise they would not be
in prison today, to be imprisoned.

746
00:42:57,497 --> 00:42:59,374
They broke up families.

747
00:42:59,457 --> 00:43:01,876
Children were forced to live without their parents.

748
00:43:01,959 --> 00:43:02,960
That's what happened.

749
00:43:04,712 --> 00:43:10,218
2001 - PRISON POPULATION
OF U.S. AFRICAN AMERICANS 878,400

750
00:43:10,301 --> 00:43:11,386
Why?

751
00:43:13,429 --> 00:43:16,766
We shouldn't ask:
"Why is Bill Clinton so strong?"

752
00:43:16,849 --> 00:43:19,394
but: "Why does the black community
it's so weak

753
00:43:19,477 --> 00:43:21,521
in our inability to defend ourselves?"

754
00:43:21,604 --> 00:43:26,234
Let us not forget how many martyrs
We buried in the 60s and 70s.

755
00:43:26,317 --> 00:43:30,905
Let us not forget how many of our leaders
They had to go into exile or are in prison.

756
00:43:30,988 --> 00:43:35,075
They eliminated
to an entire generation of leaders.

757
00:43:35,160 --> 00:43:37,828
They were kicked out of the country, imprisoned,

758
00:43:37,912 --> 00:43:40,540
They buried them.

759
00:43:40,623 --> 00:43:43,084
And then they unleashed this blitzkrieg,

760
00:43:43,168 --> 00:43:45,753
and we do not have the ability to defend ourselves.

761
00:43:45,836 --> 00:43:51,926
They can tell the story
of American white leadership

762
00:43:52,009 --> 00:43:54,011
and not mention the FBI even once.

763
00:43:54,094 --> 00:43:58,349
They can't tell the story
of black leadership,

764
00:43:58,433 --> 00:44:01,602
without having to deal with all the weight

765
00:44:01,686 --> 00:44:04,689
of the criminal justice system
arming their black dissent.

766
00:44:04,772 --> 00:44:08,484
I'm tired of living every day
under threat of death.

767
00:44:08,568 --> 00:44:10,611
I don't have a martyr complex.

768
00:44:10,695 --> 00:44:14,449
I want to live as much as anyone
another person here tonight.

769
00:44:14,532 --> 00:44:18,953
People forget that Dr. King
He was not a beloved figure.

770
00:44:19,036 --> 00:44:20,996
that everyone wanted to get on a pedestal.

771
00:44:21,080 --> 00:44:24,459
He was considered one of the people
most dangerous in the United States

772
00:44:24,542 --> 00:44:27,462
by the head of the FBI.

773
00:44:29,172 --> 00:44:33,008
Don't say Dr. King didn't have
relevance for young people on the streets.

774
00:44:33,092 --> 00:44:35,720
They were dealing with police.
He dealt with the superior.

775
00:44:35,803 --> 00:44:38,764
They brought us here against our will.

776
00:44:38,848 --> 00:44:41,934
They didn't bring us
to become citizens.

777
00:44:42,017 --> 00:44:47,482
They didn't bring us to enjoy
constitutional gifts

778
00:44:47,565 --> 00:44:49,567
of those who speak so beautifully.

779
00:44:49,650 --> 00:44:53,738
Malcolm's entire entourage
He was infiltrated with police.

780
00:44:53,821 --> 00:44:56,991
I may have had so many police
like ordinary people

781
00:44:57,074 --> 00:44:58,493
in his undercover entourage.

782
00:44:58,576 --> 00:45:00,244
They were afraid
of black dissent.

783
00:45:00,328 --> 00:45:03,331
FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover
said that the Black Panther

784
00:45:03,414 --> 00:45:05,750
They are the biggest internal threat
of the nation.

785
00:45:06,292 --> 00:45:12,047
J. Edgar Hoover said that the Panthers
represent the greatest threat

786
00:45:12,131 --> 00:45:14,467
of American democracy
of the time.

787
00:45:15,926 --> 00:45:18,846
The Panthers were never this big.

788
00:45:18,929 --> 00:45:21,766
Nobody really sane could believe

789
00:45:21,849 --> 00:45:24,560
that the Black Panthers were going to take down

790
00:45:24,644 --> 00:45:28,648
to the greatest military force
in world history.

791
00:45:28,731 --> 00:45:31,025
The entire movement was criminalized

792
00:45:31,108 --> 00:45:34,236
and systematically destroyed
by the government.

793
00:45:34,320 --> 00:45:36,989
Don't know what it means
lose a Fred Hampton,

794
00:45:37,072 --> 00:45:40,576
that somehow could
bring together blacks and whites,

795
00:45:40,660 --> 00:45:43,120
and to Puerto Ricans and indigenous people,

796
00:45:43,203 --> 00:45:45,831
to fight for justice at 21 years old.

797
00:45:45,915 --> 00:45:48,543
We will say it later,
after they lock me up,

798
00:45:48,626 --> 00:45:50,085
and after they lock everyone up.

799
00:45:50,169 --> 00:45:53,798
They can imprison revolutionaries,
but not to the revolution.

800
00:45:53,881 --> 00:45:55,341
They had to eliminate it.

801
00:45:55,425 --> 00:46:00,596
The leader of the Black Panther in Illinois
He was killed by Chicago police.

802
00:46:00,680 --> 00:46:04,725
The Panther Fred Hampton and another leader
of Illinois were killed.

803
00:46:04,809 --> 00:46:06,161
'THE POLICE CAME IN AND STARTED SHOOTING'

804
00:46:06,185 --> 00:46:08,979
This is where they blew his head off.
to our president

805
00:46:09,063 --> 00:46:12,900
while I was sleeping at 4:30 in the morning.

806
00:46:12,983 --> 00:46:16,696
They literally walked in
and they shot up their entire house,

807
00:46:16,779 --> 00:46:19,532
with his pregnant wife
lying next to him.

808
00:46:20,408 --> 00:46:24,870
They were very afraid of a leader
that could bring people together.

809
00:46:24,954 --> 00:46:26,872
We know the history of the types

810
00:46:26,956 --> 00:46:29,834
who faced these systems.

811
00:46:29,917 --> 00:46:32,587
We know that the system
he murdered them, he killed them,

812
00:46:32,670 --> 00:46:37,007
He exiled them, he excluded them,
or found ways to discredit them.

813
00:46:38,551 --> 00:46:41,554
Assata Shakur was a great leader
of the Black Liberation Army.

814
00:46:41,637 --> 00:46:45,641
That order given by J. Edgar Hoover

815
00:46:45,725 --> 00:46:51,856
was essentially destroy
to any progressive movement...

816
00:46:53,190 --> 00:46:55,610
black, or Third World in this country.

817
00:46:55,693 --> 00:46:57,111
They put her in prison,

818
00:46:57,194 --> 00:47:00,280
and his allies said:
"We're not going to leave her in prison."

819
00:47:00,365 --> 00:47:02,116
I had white allies who said that.

820
00:47:02,199 --> 00:47:05,703
They took her out of prison
and they took her to Cuba. It's there now.

821
00:47:05,786 --> 00:47:07,180
THEY REPORTED THAT A FUGITIVE KILLER
IT IS IN CUBA

822
00:47:07,204 --> 00:47:08,748
Five years later,

823
00:47:08,831 --> 00:47:14,462
like 300 prisons
are being planned.

824
00:47:14,545 --> 00:47:19,174
This government intends
of putting more and more people in prison.

825
00:47:20,175 --> 00:47:22,470
The criminalization of Assata Shakur...

826
00:47:22,553 --> 00:47:24,406
POLICE DEPARTMENT
FROM NEW YORK CITY

827
00:47:24,430 --> 00:47:28,976
the use of the media to present it
like a dangerous criminal.

828
00:47:29,059 --> 00:47:31,604
And of course, in my case,

829
00:47:31,687 --> 00:47:35,190
the FBI represented me
as armed and dangerous.

830
00:47:35,274 --> 00:47:37,109
WANTED BY THE FBI

831
00:47:37,192 --> 00:47:39,987
The FBI has put
to the black activist Angela Davis

832
00:47:40,071 --> 00:47:42,448
on your list
of the ten most wanted fugitives.

833
00:47:42,532 --> 00:47:46,452
With Angela Davis,
the power of black intellect...

834
00:47:46,536 --> 00:47:49,121
One thing we must talk about,
that we must face,

835
00:47:49,204 --> 00:47:51,707
It's this question of crime.

836
00:47:51,791 --> 00:47:55,210
What does it mean
be a criminal in this society?

837
00:47:55,294 --> 00:47:56,670
That had to be destroyed.

838
00:47:56,754 --> 00:48:00,466
In my case, Ronald Reagan
He was the governor of California,

839
00:48:00,550 --> 00:48:02,843
Richard Nixon was the president
of the United States.

840
00:48:02,927 --> 00:48:07,515
The entire state system
was prepared against me,

841
00:48:07,598 --> 00:48:11,644
and they wanted to sentence me to the death penalty

842
00:48:11,727 --> 00:48:13,395
in order to make something clear.

843
00:48:13,479 --> 00:48:16,691
The actions of the FBI
to imprison Angela Davis,

844
00:48:16,774 --> 00:48:20,360
an incredible story...

845
00:48:20,444 --> 00:48:23,072
The system tried to take her to court,

846
00:48:23,155 --> 00:48:25,950
and she said:
"No, we will take you to court."

847
00:48:29,245 --> 00:48:31,664
He arrived with his big afro hairstyle,
He didn't straighten his hair.

848
00:48:31,747 --> 00:48:33,541
He faced a long sentence.

849
00:48:33,624 --> 00:48:36,085
Most people
They have a flat iron.

850
00:48:36,168 --> 00:48:39,004
They were there with white gloves,

851
00:48:39,088 --> 00:48:40,965
praying to Jesus. She arrived like this.

852
00:48:41,841 --> 00:48:46,261
He destroyed the prosecutor's office
and he left there free.

853
00:48:48,973 --> 00:48:51,058
But the question is: How do you get there?

854
00:48:51,141 --> 00:48:53,769
Do you arrive through
the confrontation, the violence?

855
00:48:53,853 --> 00:48:56,814
- Is that what I was wondering?
- Yes.

856
00:48:56,897 --> 00:48:59,149
I grew up in Birmingham, Alabama.

857
00:49:01,318 --> 00:49:06,031
After the four girls
that they were... That they lived very...

858
00:49:06,115 --> 00:49:09,118
Who lived...
One of them lived next to my house.

859
00:49:09,201 --> 00:49:12,287
We were very good friends
of another's sister.

860
00:49:12,371 --> 00:49:14,373
My sister was friends with all of them.

861
00:49:14,456 --> 00:49:17,126
My mother taught one of them.
And they all died.

862
00:49:17,209 --> 00:49:22,089
What did they discover? Extremities
and heads thrown everywhere.

863
00:49:22,172 --> 00:49:24,842
I remember from a very young age,

864
00:49:24,925 --> 00:49:28,763
I remember the sound of the bombs
exploding in the street.

865
00:49:28,846 --> 00:49:30,305
Our house shaking.

866
00:49:30,389 --> 00:49:34,935
I remember my father with weapons
at your disposal all the time

867
00:49:35,019 --> 00:49:41,108
due to the fact that at any time
we could be attacked.

868
00:49:41,191 --> 00:49:44,695
That's why when someone asks me
about violence...

869
00:49:46,446 --> 00:49:48,991
I find it incredible.

870
00:49:49,074 --> 00:49:52,452
Because it means that the person
who asks that question

871
00:49:52,537 --> 00:49:56,165
has no idea
what black people had to live with,

872
00:49:56,248 --> 00:49:58,543
of what we had
what to experience in this country

873
00:49:58,626 --> 00:50:03,130
since the first black person
She was kidnapped off the coast of Africa.

874
00:50:04,048 --> 00:50:06,717
When you delete
to an entire generation of leadership,

875
00:50:06,801 --> 00:50:09,804
exiling people from the country,
killing them, imprisoning them,

876
00:50:09,887 --> 00:50:13,140
you will be vulnerable
to Bill Clinton or anyone else.

877
00:50:13,223 --> 00:50:15,142
They will do whatever they want to you.

878
00:50:17,019 --> 00:50:23,651
US PRISON POPULATION

879
00:50:26,528 --> 00:50:32,993
US PRISON POPULATION

880
00:50:33,077 --> 00:50:37,623
There's a man out there

881
00:50:37,707 --> 00:50:42,377
Taking names

882
00:50:43,170 --> 00:50:48,676
took my father's name

883
00:50:48,759 --> 00:50:55,182
and made me suffer

884
00:50:56,183 --> 00:51:00,688
There's a man out there

885
00:51:00,771 --> 00:51:04,524
Taking names

886
00:51:04,609 --> 00:51:08,112
walking around

887
00:51:08,988 --> 00:51:13,283
walking around

888
00:51:18,080 --> 00:51:19,874
An armed neighborhood watch leader

889
00:51:19,957 --> 00:51:23,252
saw Martin coming in
to a subdivision near Orlando.

890
00:51:23,335 --> 00:51:25,838
He thought that the 17-year-old
It looked suspicious.

891
00:51:26,463 --> 00:51:29,299
He had his hand on her waist.

892
00:51:31,426 --> 00:51:32,970
And it was black.

893
00:51:35,306 --> 00:51:37,516
These motherfuckers
They always get their way.

894
00:51:38,684 --> 00:51:41,186
- Are you following him?
- Yes.

895
00:51:41,270 --> 00:51:42,521
You don't need to do it.

896
00:51:44,815 --> 00:51:46,400
Do you think it screams "help"?

897
00:51:47,151 --> 00:51:49,779
- Yes.
- Well, what is your...?

898
00:51:51,155 --> 00:51:52,907
Tonight, a deadly shooting in Sanford.

899
00:51:52,990 --> 00:51:55,743
The police have the gun,
has the shooter,

900
00:51:55,826 --> 00:51:57,452
but they have not arrested him.

901
00:51:58,537 --> 00:52:03,083
George Zimmerman, armed with a gun,
followed the supposed suspicious boy

902
00:52:03,167 --> 00:52:05,169
after the operator
I told him no.

903
00:52:06,420 --> 00:52:08,547
They ended up in a fight on the ground,

904
00:52:08,630 --> 00:52:11,759
and George Zimmerman
he shot and killed Trayvon Martin.

905
00:52:14,011 --> 00:52:16,305
Police failed to arrest Zimmerman

906
00:52:16,388 --> 00:52:19,433
due to Florida law
called Stand Your Ground,

907
00:52:19,516 --> 00:52:22,519
that says you can kill someone
if you feel threatened.

908
00:52:22,602 --> 00:52:24,021
Although it was Zimmerman

909
00:52:24,104 --> 00:52:27,357
who chased Martin
around the neighborhood with a gun.

910
00:52:27,441 --> 00:52:33,072
Mr. Zimmerman felt that he,
In self-defense, he needed...

911
00:52:33,155 --> 00:52:34,489
fire your gun.

912
00:52:34,573 --> 00:52:37,326
Not only was he not arrested
after the murder,

913
00:52:37,409 --> 00:52:41,121
but in court, Zimmerman
He claimed self-defense and was released.

914
00:52:41,205 --> 00:52:42,873
under the Stand Your Ground law.

915
00:52:42,957 --> 00:52:46,126
We, the jury,
we find George Zimmerman innocent.

916
00:52:47,086 --> 00:52:49,504
The Stand Your Ground Law
which was approved in Florida

917
00:52:49,588 --> 00:52:52,257
had a relevant role
in the tragedy of Trayvon Martin,

918
00:52:52,341 --> 00:52:55,219
and it was the spark that lit
the movement we see today.

919
00:52:55,302 --> 00:52:57,262
FIGHT FOR JUSTICE

920
00:52:57,346 --> 00:52:59,348
After the death of Trayvon Martin,

921
00:52:59,431 --> 00:53:02,184
Florida's Stand Your Ground Law
attracted a lot of attention.

922
00:53:02,267 --> 00:53:06,438
How was this law passed in Florida?
and throughout the country?

923
00:53:06,521 --> 00:53:08,774
Everyone points to ALEC.

924
00:53:08,858 --> 00:53:11,777
ALEC - AMERICAN COUNCIL
LEGISLATIVE EXCHANGE

925
00:53:11,860 --> 00:53:14,697
ALEC seems the name
from a high school lacrosse player

926
00:53:14,780 --> 00:53:16,949
who smoked marijuana
and he crashed his dad's Saab.

927
00:53:17,032 --> 00:53:21,036
But, incredibly, it is much worse.

928
00:53:21,120 --> 00:53:24,123
ALEC is a political lobbying group.

929
00:53:24,206 --> 00:53:25,374
PROTESTER

930
00:53:25,457 --> 00:53:28,002
-They write laws...
-They write laws...

931
00:53:28,085 --> 00:53:31,463
- that they give to the Republicans.
- What do they give to the Republicans?

932
00:53:31,546 --> 00:53:33,673
-Stand Your Ground...
-Stand Your Ground...

933
00:53:33,758 --> 00:53:36,343
- was written by ALEC.
- It was written by ALEC.

934
00:53:37,011 --> 00:53:38,888
ALEC is a private club,

935
00:53:38,971 --> 00:53:42,516
and its members are
politicians and corporations.

936
00:53:42,599 --> 00:53:43,976
But the real question is:

937
00:53:44,059 --> 00:53:47,813
Should they belong to the same club
politicians and corporations?

938
00:53:47,897 --> 00:53:50,149
Under the ALEC umbrella,

939
00:53:50,232 --> 00:53:54,194
corporations propose laws
to their political counterparts,

940
00:53:54,278 --> 00:53:57,406
many of whom are Republicans.

941
00:53:57,489 --> 00:54:00,575
The corporations
exert influence on legislation.

942
00:54:00,659 --> 00:54:01,845
SENATE BILL
NO. XXX

943
00:54:01,869 --> 00:54:04,872
At ALEC meetings,
corporations vote in secret

944
00:54:04,955 --> 00:54:06,706
as peers of legislators

945
00:54:06,791 --> 00:54:11,503
on projects that legislators
become laws in the states.

946
00:54:11,586 --> 00:54:13,047
ALEC is everywhere.

947
00:54:13,130 --> 00:54:16,091
One in four legislators
He is a member, approximately.

948
00:54:16,175 --> 00:54:19,053
I am proud to belong to ALEC today.

949
00:54:19,136 --> 00:54:23,015
It's not hard to see why.
ALEC makes their task easier.

950
00:54:23,098 --> 00:54:25,434
Here is your model
of Electricity Freedom Law,

951
00:54:25,517 --> 00:54:28,353
which at one point says:
"Let it be enacted

952
00:54:28,437 --> 00:54:33,358
that the state of (insert state) rejects
the renewable energy mandate.

953
00:54:33,442 --> 00:54:37,737
If you can remember and spell
the name of your state,

954
00:54:37,822 --> 00:54:39,739
you can introduce legislation.

955
00:54:39,823 --> 00:54:41,992
We saw projects
of ALEC who presented

956
00:54:42,076 --> 00:54:45,704
where the legislator forgot
take out the ALEC letterhead.

957
00:54:45,787 --> 00:54:48,082
Didn't remember to delete ALEC letterhead

958
00:54:48,165 --> 00:54:52,502
to hide
the role of ALEC and corporations.

959
00:54:52,586 --> 00:54:53,921
I'm curious.

960
00:54:54,004 --> 00:54:56,840
Does the legislation have a connection to ALEC?

961
00:54:56,924 --> 00:55:00,427
I don't know why we continue
this line of questioning.

962
00:55:00,510 --> 00:55:01,595
STATE REPRESENTATIVE

963
00:55:01,678 --> 00:55:03,722
This bill is mine, not ALEC's.

964
00:55:03,805 --> 00:55:07,517
The reason I ask
It's because he distributed a brochure before

965
00:55:07,601 --> 00:55:11,438
which says "Gottwalt" above,
and also "Health Care Compact",

966
00:55:11,521 --> 00:55:14,399
and there is a logo in the middle of that page.

967
00:55:14,483 --> 00:55:16,902
And I visited the ALEC website,

968
00:55:16,986 --> 00:55:22,449
and there is the same font,
the same size and the same logo.

969
00:55:22,532 --> 00:55:24,493
Literally, it is identical.

970
00:55:24,576 --> 00:55:25,827
It's shocking to know

971
00:55:25,911 --> 00:55:29,581
that ALEC has been working
for more than four decades.

972
00:55:29,664 --> 00:55:33,418
And it's more shocking to see how it started.

973
00:55:33,502 --> 00:55:35,295
ALEC forged a unique partnership

974
00:55:35,379 --> 00:55:39,633
between legislators and leaders
of corporations and businesses.

975
00:55:39,716 --> 00:55:42,719
Corporations influence the laws
for decades, with ALEC.

976
00:55:42,802 --> 00:55:44,513
They want everyone to vote.

977
00:55:44,596 --> 00:55:45,805
ALEC CO-FOUNDER 1980

978
00:55:45,890 --> 00:55:47,892
I don't want everyone to vote.

979
00:55:47,975 --> 00:55:51,270
Our influence in the elections
honestly increases

980
00:55:51,353 --> 00:55:53,188
when the number of voters decreases.

981
00:55:54,231 --> 00:55:57,276
ALEC laws benefit
to the founding corporations.

982
00:55:59,903 --> 00:56:03,115
And the Wal-Mart corporation was a member
from ALEC for a long time

983
00:56:03,198 --> 00:56:06,911
when the law was adopted
called Stand Your Ground.

984
00:56:06,994 --> 00:56:11,540
That law created an atmosphere
where arms sales increased.

985
00:56:11,623 --> 00:56:14,960
Wal-Mart is the largest seller
of long weapons in the United States,

986
00:56:15,044 --> 00:56:18,130
and has been the biggest seller
of bullets in the world.

987
00:56:19,673 --> 00:56:21,633
It is reasonable to think
that Wal-Mart benefited

988
00:56:21,716 --> 00:56:24,011
with the Stand Your Ground law
that promoted ALEC

989
00:56:24,094 --> 00:56:28,098
which initially avoided
the arrest of Trayvon's killer,

990
00:56:28,182 --> 00:56:32,769
and was created to avoid arrest,
trial and conviction of Trayvon's murderer.

991
00:56:32,852 --> 00:56:36,690
Jury instructions changed
so that the jury can be told

992
00:56:36,773 --> 00:56:39,484
that someone like George Zimmerman
has the right to defend himself,

993
00:56:39,568 --> 00:56:42,571
but not that someone like Trayvon
has the right to defend himself

994
00:56:42,654 --> 00:56:46,491
from someone like George Zimmerman
who attacked him with a gun.

995
00:56:46,575 --> 00:56:47,784
OBAMA IS TRAVON MARTIN

996
00:56:52,331 --> 00:56:56,126
After the commotion over Stand Your Ground
and the tragedy of Trayvon Martin...

997
00:56:56,210 --> 00:56:59,504
Wal-Mart walked away from ALEC.
He left ALEC, he abandoned it.

998
00:56:59,588 --> 00:57:01,965
But the Wal-Mart family
still funds ALEC.

999
00:57:02,049 --> 00:57:05,677
Other corporations did the same.
and they left ALEC,

1000
00:57:05,760 --> 00:57:08,597
but many corporations
are still members, including...

1001
00:57:08,680 --> 00:57:11,141
to Koch Industries
and State Farm Insurance,

1002
00:57:11,225 --> 00:57:14,269
PhRMA, the lobby group
of the pharmaceutical industry.

1003
00:57:14,353 --> 00:57:16,855
ALEC has received support
of the tobacco industry,

1004
00:57:16,939 --> 00:57:18,773
also from ATandT and Verizon,

1005
00:57:18,857 --> 00:57:23,195
and for almost two decades,
of Corrections Corporation of America.

1006
00:57:23,778 --> 00:57:26,531
Every day, we serve
to our communities.

1007
00:57:26,615 --> 00:57:28,283
In small towns and big cities,

1008
00:57:28,367 --> 00:57:31,495
in more than 60 locations throughout the country.

1009
00:57:31,578 --> 00:57:34,248
Being the fifth largest
correctional system,

1010
00:57:34,331 --> 00:57:38,710
we build and maintain
secure correctional facilities.

1011
00:57:38,793 --> 00:57:41,380
CCA was the first corporation
of private prisons in the country.

1012
00:57:41,463 --> 00:57:45,342
Started as a small company
in Tennessee in 1983.

1013
00:57:45,425 --> 00:57:47,636
They started to do
contracts with states.

1014
00:57:47,719 --> 00:57:49,554
They had to protect their investments,

1015
00:57:49,638 --> 00:57:53,225
so the states had to maintain
fill the prisons

1016
00:57:53,308 --> 00:57:54,768
even if no one committed a crime.

1017
00:57:54,851 --> 00:57:58,981
In the late eighties and early
of the nineties, the industry grew

1018
00:57:59,064 --> 00:58:02,317
like few industries in
the history of the United States.

1019
00:58:02,401 --> 00:58:07,197
It was a model of guaranteed success.

1020
00:58:08,698 --> 00:58:13,745
One of the ways we see it
is CCA's role within ALEC

1021
00:58:13,828 --> 00:58:15,705
to promote a series of laws.

1022
00:58:15,789 --> 00:58:20,460
All legislation
which we strongly oppose,

1023
00:58:20,544 --> 00:58:21,687
"Three fouls and you're out..."

1024
00:58:21,711 --> 00:58:22,879
Three fouls and you're out.

1025
00:58:22,962 --> 00:58:23,963
PROPOSED BY ALEC

1026
00:58:24,048 --> 00:58:25,728
sentencing laws
mandatory minimum...

1027
00:58:25,799 --> 00:58:28,302
meet at least
85% of the sentence.

1028
00:58:28,385 --> 00:58:30,554
They were the laws that brought out

1029
00:58:30,637 --> 00:58:34,599
like a set menu,

1030
00:58:34,683 --> 00:58:39,229
a constant flow of people
to generate profit

1031
00:58:39,313 --> 00:58:41,481
that would go to the shareholders.

1032
00:58:42,691 --> 00:58:46,236
Through ALEC, CCA transformed
leader of private prisons.

1033
00:58:46,320 --> 00:58:48,447
It is a business of thousands
of millions of dollars today...

1034
00:58:48,530 --> 00:58:49,632
$1.7 BILLION PROFIT

1035
00:58:49,656 --> 00:58:51,658
who is enriched by punishment.

1036
00:58:51,741 --> 00:58:54,661
We are the leaders
in correctional societies.

1037
00:58:54,744 --> 00:58:56,080
We are CCA.

1038
00:58:56,163 --> 00:58:57,622
Thus, through ALEC,

1039
00:58:57,706 --> 00:59:01,293
CCA had a role
in the country's penal policy,

1040
00:59:01,376 --> 00:59:06,173
which includes not only private prisons
but the increase in the penalty.

1041
00:59:06,756 --> 00:59:10,927
Frankly, I think
that this accusation is false.

1042
00:59:11,010 --> 00:59:14,889
That somehow ALEC was in favor
of imprisoning people...

1043
00:59:14,973 --> 00:59:16,641
MARYLAND SENATOR (R)
ALEC MEMBER

1044
00:59:16,725 --> 00:59:18,435
because of private prisons...

1045
00:59:18,518 --> 00:59:23,148
I think, unfortunately,
It's one of ALEC's tactics.

1046
00:59:23,232 --> 00:59:27,152
ALEC promoted policies to increase
the number of people in prison

1047
00:59:27,236 --> 00:59:30,114
and to increase sentences
of those who are in prison.

1048
00:59:30,197 --> 00:59:31,406
How do you address that?

1049
00:59:31,490 --> 00:59:36,286
It's hard to tackle something
which is almost a legend.

1050
00:59:36,370 --> 00:59:39,414
They are not doing anything
to clarify those past events

1051
00:59:39,498 --> 00:59:42,209
nor to address the consequences
for real people

1052
00:59:42,292 --> 00:59:43,932
of the extreme policies they promoted.

1053
00:59:44,002 --> 00:59:46,004
They don't even talk about their past history.

1054
00:59:46,088 --> 00:59:48,923
For me, it's hard to understand

1055
00:59:50,092 --> 00:59:52,469
about a lot of what they are talking about.

1056
00:59:52,552 --> 00:59:55,805
CCA benefited
and made a profit on his investment

1057
00:59:55,889 --> 00:59:58,057
at ALEC.

1058
00:59:58,141 --> 01:00:01,561
The American people
was affected by these policies

1059
01:00:01,645 --> 01:00:05,023
due to mass incarceration,
especially people of color.

1060
01:00:05,107 --> 01:00:10,529
Our position now is
that we want fewer people in prison.

1061
01:00:10,612 --> 01:00:13,823
I don't think that helps
to the private prison industry.

1062
01:00:13,907 --> 01:00:15,409
I think that the legislators and I

1063
01:00:15,492 --> 01:00:18,828
we look for a better way
and innovative way of managing the government.

1064
01:00:18,912 --> 01:00:22,749
As conservatives we believe
in free trade and limited government.

1065
01:00:22,833 --> 01:00:23,834
We are proud of that.

1066
01:00:23,917 --> 01:00:26,211
We must be the party of innovation.

1067
01:00:27,086 --> 01:00:31,425
Another law that ALEC innovated was SB 1070.

1068
01:00:31,508 --> 01:00:34,427
CCA was on the work team
of ALEC who promoted that law

1069
01:00:34,511 --> 01:00:38,723
which gave the police the right
to arrest anyone who looked like an immigrant.

1070
01:00:40,642 --> 01:00:42,894
The law filled the centers
immigration detention

1071
01:00:42,977 --> 01:00:46,148
and directly benefited
to CCA, member of ALEC.

1072
01:00:47,482 --> 01:00:51,903
With SB 1070, CCA could
obtain great financial benefits,

1073
01:00:51,986 --> 01:00:56,325
since the 1070 was designed to enclose
to more people in Arizona

1074
01:00:56,408 --> 01:00:57,510
on federal immigration charges.

1075
01:00:57,534 --> 01:00:58,636
BE AFRAID,
BE VERY AFRAID

1076
01:00:58,660 --> 01:01:02,206
A flow of undocumented immigrants,
many of them children...

1077
01:01:02,289 --> 01:01:06,460
In Arizona, the CEC,
o Corrections Corporation of America,

1078
01:01:06,543 --> 01:01:09,671
has the federal contract
to house detained immigrants.

1079
01:01:09,754 --> 01:01:13,842
It has a value of more
of $11 million a month.

1080
01:01:15,594 --> 01:01:18,388
Our immigration centers
They are a shame.

1081
01:01:18,472 --> 01:01:23,059
There are families
in horrible housing conditions.

1082
01:01:23,893 --> 01:01:27,189
They are called "detention centers."
They are prisons for immigrants.

1083
01:01:27,272 --> 01:01:29,899
By telling them detention centers
They are still prisons.

1084
01:01:29,983 --> 01:01:31,943
They are prisons with another name.

1085
01:01:32,026 --> 01:01:37,031
Some say it is being created
a "crimigration" system.

1086
01:01:37,115 --> 01:01:39,993
There is a fusion between the systems
immigration control...

1087
01:01:40,076 --> 01:01:41,160
TEACHER

1088
01:01:41,245 --> 01:01:42,954
and those of law enforcement.

1089
01:01:43,037 --> 01:01:46,500
Some of the same things
used in the war on drugs,

1090
01:01:46,583 --> 01:01:48,793
Now they migrate to other populations.

1091
01:01:48,877 --> 01:01:53,673
You heard Donald Trump,
not about black people but about Mexicans.

1092
01:01:53,757 --> 01:01:56,468
You know: "They are rapists, murderers.

1093
01:01:56,551 --> 01:01:59,137
And by the way,
some may be good people."

1094
01:02:00,597 --> 01:02:03,225
God. Where do you start with something like that?

1095
01:02:03,308 --> 01:02:05,536
HOW CORPORATE INTERESTS
THEY GOT LAW 1070 APPROVED

1096
01:02:05,560 --> 01:02:09,105
At the end of 2010, CCA left ALEC
after hearing a story on the radio

1097
01:02:09,188 --> 01:02:12,359
that accused ALEC of pushing SB 1070.

1098
01:02:12,442 --> 01:02:15,153
ALEC does not deal with immigration.

1099
01:02:15,237 --> 01:02:19,366
No, nowhere. Not even the right,
nor the left. Nothing.

1100
01:02:19,449 --> 01:02:22,201
I have nothing
What to say about that. I'm sorry.

1101
01:02:22,286 --> 01:02:25,539
ALEC took an HR initiative. PP.

1102
01:02:25,622 --> 01:02:27,624
Saying he would deal with the crimes.

1103
01:02:27,707 --> 01:02:31,044
Will be on the right side of politics
and criminal justice reform.

1104
01:02:31,127 --> 01:02:36,466
This initiative occurs later
of massive loss of members.

1105
01:02:37,842 --> 01:02:42,681
What happened is that our directory
reviewed the topics ALEC was working on

1106
01:02:42,764 --> 01:02:45,183
and decided that we do not care
of social issues,

1107
01:02:45,267 --> 01:02:47,352
but we focus
on economic issues.

1108
01:02:47,436 --> 01:02:52,732
We eliminate all legislation
which dated from before 2007.

1109
01:02:52,816 --> 01:02:55,694
Basically we are ready
to start from scratch.

1110
01:02:55,777 --> 01:02:57,153
It's a new beginning.

1111
01:02:58,154 --> 01:03:00,490
This industry knows it's dying

1112
01:03:01,658 --> 01:03:05,620
and is preparing for the next.

1113
01:03:05,704 --> 01:03:08,748
The factors that led
to a system like bail.

1114
01:03:08,832 --> 01:03:10,124
LAWYER

1115
01:03:10,208 --> 01:03:14,421
We will always see permutations
of cancer, right?

1116
01:03:14,504 --> 01:03:15,589
It is what this is.

1117
01:03:15,672 --> 01:03:18,550
During the last years, since 2008,

1118
01:03:18,633 --> 01:03:22,637
we have gotten involved
In a reform effort,

1119
01:03:22,721 --> 01:03:27,601
where 31 states have adopted
positive changes in sentences,

1120
01:03:27,684 --> 01:03:29,728
on parole reforms
and conditional.

1121
01:03:29,811 --> 01:03:33,565
ALEC has worked to privatize
almost all aspects of government,

1122
01:03:33,648 --> 01:03:35,775
but we had no idea
that they also pointed out

1123
01:03:35,859 --> 01:03:38,612
to privatize probation
and under parole.

1124
01:03:38,695 --> 01:03:42,073
ALEC doesn't care anymore
by CCA and its interests.

1125
01:03:42,156 --> 01:03:44,618
CCA no longer has a location
at the table with ALEC,

1126
01:03:44,701 --> 01:03:47,787
so it has no financial interest
in promoting policies

1127
01:03:47,871 --> 01:03:50,164
that increase CCA's profits.

1128
01:03:50,248 --> 01:03:52,709
But the Bail Coalition
It is part of ALEC.

1129
01:03:52,792 --> 01:03:55,670
Today, state penitentiaries

1130
01:03:55,754 --> 01:04:00,008
They are full, saturated with inmates.

1131
01:04:00,091 --> 01:04:02,886
When I think about systems of oppression,

1132
01:04:02,969 --> 01:04:07,349
historically, in this country
and in others, they are durable.

1133
01:04:07,432 --> 01:04:10,309
They tend to reinvent themselves
right under your nose.

1134
01:04:10,393 --> 01:04:13,063
Something they want to do
is GPS monitoring.

1135
01:04:13,146 --> 01:04:16,358
Have a confinement system
For young people it is something great.

1136
01:04:16,441 --> 01:04:19,318
Strength to parents
to take responsibility.

1137
01:04:19,403 --> 01:04:22,822
The prison would be
more into our homes.

1138
01:04:22,906 --> 01:04:25,241
to some young people
They would be monitored by GPS.

1139
01:04:25,324 --> 01:04:29,621
They wouldn't be locked in a cage,
in a cell or an institution.

1140
01:04:29,704 --> 01:04:32,832
They would have ankle bracelets.
Wrist bracelets.

1141
01:04:32,916 --> 01:04:35,960
Would it help solve the problem
of prison overpopulation?

1142
01:04:36,044 --> 01:04:37,211
Of course.

1143
01:04:37,295 --> 01:04:41,425
What worries me is that we will fall asleep
behind the wheel and wake up,

1144
01:04:41,508 --> 01:04:44,343
and we realize
that we don't have people in prison

1145
01:04:44,427 --> 01:04:46,304
in rural communities,

1146
01:04:46,388 --> 01:04:49,182
but we have people imprisoned
in their communities.

1147
01:04:49,265 --> 01:04:52,852
That's what I see,
that the focus is on

1148
01:04:52,936 --> 01:04:56,690
in having inmates in correctional facilities,
with probation or parole,

1149
01:04:56,773 --> 01:04:59,275
and invest in those programs.

1150
01:04:59,358 --> 01:05:00,819
What progress would be

1151
01:05:00,902 --> 01:05:05,657
if communities of color are still
under perpetual surveillance and control,

1152
01:05:05,740 --> 01:05:10,704
but now at the hands of a company
who makes money with a GPS monitor,

1153
01:05:10,787 --> 01:05:13,623
instead of having
to a person locked in a cage?

1154
01:05:13,707 --> 01:05:16,751
If we can help them...

1155
01:05:18,252 --> 01:05:21,881
to save victims of crime
in his legislative district,

1156
01:05:23,007 --> 01:05:24,926
They won't care if I make money.

1157
01:05:26,219 --> 01:05:29,973
Thus, ALEC continues to be an organization

1158
01:05:30,056 --> 01:05:32,183
which may have strong rhetoric

1159
01:05:32,266 --> 01:05:36,145
about your reasons
to support penal reform, suddenly,

1160
01:05:36,229 --> 01:05:37,772
unexpectedly,

1161
01:05:37,856 --> 01:05:40,442
but it really has
financial interests.

1162
01:05:40,525 --> 01:05:42,235
Thank you, ladies and gentlemen.

1163
01:05:43,820 --> 01:05:48,032
If you're in the prison business,
You don't want a reform.

1164
01:05:48,116 --> 01:05:49,510
You may say yes, but that's not the case.

1165
01:05:49,534 --> 01:05:52,871
There are people who desperately try
to make sure

1166
01:05:52,954 --> 01:05:55,874
that the prison population
do not decrease even in one person,

1167
01:05:55,957 --> 01:05:58,835
because its economic model needs it.

1168
01:05:58,918 --> 01:06:03,507
The prison industrial complex is about
of a system of mass incarceration...

1169
01:06:03,590 --> 01:06:04,716
JOURNALIST

1170
01:06:04,799 --> 01:06:07,427
and from companies that make money
of imprisonment.

1171
01:06:07,511 --> 01:06:09,763
This includes private prisons,

1172
01:06:09,846 --> 01:06:15,184
that always attract attention,
and also to many suppliers.

1173
01:06:15,268 --> 01:06:19,397
From SECURUS Technologies,
that provides telephone services,

1174
01:06:19,481 --> 01:06:22,817
who made a profit
of $114 million last year...

1175
01:06:22,901 --> 01:06:27,280
Calls to family and friends
They are expensive in state prisons.

1176
01:06:27,363 --> 01:06:31,284
They inflate the price they charge
the inmate and his family.

1177
01:06:31,367 --> 01:06:34,078
For example, in Maryland,
If you earn the minimum wage,

1178
01:06:34,162 --> 01:06:38,082
you would have to work an hour and a half
to pay for a 10-minute call.

1179
01:06:41,210 --> 01:06:45,339
There is also Aramark,
a great food service provider.

1180
01:06:45,924 --> 01:06:48,009
In more than one state, they have been accused

1181
01:06:48,092 --> 01:06:50,011
of serving food with worms.

1182
01:06:50,094 --> 01:06:52,174
OHIO PRISONERS COMPLAIN
WORMS IN FOOD

1183
01:06:53,973 --> 01:06:58,394
Corizon Healthcare provides services
health in 28 different states.

1184
01:06:58,477 --> 01:07:00,855
Contracts for this service
They are billionaires.

1185
01:07:00,939 --> 01:07:06,235
There are great incentives
for long contracts.

1186
01:07:06,319 --> 01:07:08,822
So provide the service
It's not an incentive

1187
01:07:08,905 --> 01:07:10,073
because they will pay you anyway.

1188
01:07:10,156 --> 01:07:12,158
AN INMATE'S HEALTH WAS AGGRESSED
FOR 7 DAYS

1189
01:07:12,241 --> 01:07:15,286
HEALTH PROVIDER
SUED FOR DEATH OF INMATE

1190
01:07:15,369 --> 01:07:17,369
THEY DENIED THE PRISONERS
HERNIA OPERATIONS.

1191
01:07:17,413 --> 01:07:19,290
One of the reasons why it is difficult

1192
01:07:19,373 --> 01:07:22,711
talk about mass incarceration
in this country and question it

1193
01:07:22,794 --> 01:07:26,548
It is because it has been monetized.

1194
01:07:26,631 --> 01:07:28,675
A small company called UNICOR,

1195
01:07:28,758 --> 01:07:31,678
who does business
for $900 million annually.

1196
01:07:31,761 --> 01:07:33,429
How do they do it?

1197
01:07:33,512 --> 01:07:35,264
It's the volume.

1198
01:07:35,348 --> 01:07:36,766
Also prison work.

1199
01:07:37,516 --> 01:07:41,520
Correctional Industry Alliances
and private companies

1200
01:07:41,605 --> 01:07:45,567
They are a segment of an industry
growing rapidly in the United States.

1201
01:07:45,650 --> 01:07:48,653
We talk about exploitative plants

1202
01:07:48,737 --> 01:07:53,992
and we get angry with the exploiters
of the poor abroad,

1203
01:07:54,075 --> 01:07:56,786
but we don't see what's happening here.

1204
01:07:56,870 --> 01:07:58,537
There are corporations

1205
01:07:58,622 --> 01:08:01,540
who have invested in this work for free.

1206
01:08:01,625 --> 01:08:03,668
It's everywhere.

1207
01:08:03,752 --> 01:08:09,090
From sports, uniforms,
hats, Microsoft, Boeing.

1208
01:08:09,173 --> 01:08:11,134
Federal inmates do
guidance systems

1209
01:08:11,217 --> 01:08:12,426
of the Patriot missile.

1210
01:08:12,510 --> 01:08:14,763
JCPenney pants
They are made in Tennessee.

1211
01:08:14,846 --> 01:08:17,140
Victoria's Secret.

1212
01:08:17,223 --> 01:08:19,601
Anderson Hardwood Floors
They are made in Georgia.

1213
01:08:19,684 --> 01:08:21,770
There were always Idaho potatoes.

1214
01:08:21,853 --> 01:08:26,691
The inmates plant them, cultivate them,
They harvest, pack and ship.

1215
01:08:26,816 --> 01:08:30,403
Victoria's Secret and JCPenney
they changed suppliers

1216
01:08:30,486 --> 01:08:32,571
when this data came to light.

1217
01:08:32,656 --> 01:08:36,701
Simply put,
corporations operate in prisons

1218
01:08:36,785 --> 01:08:39,037
and they gain from the punishment.

1219
01:08:40,664 --> 01:08:42,832
The prison industry
has grown so much...

1220
01:08:42,915 --> 01:08:44,042
INDEPENDENT JOURNALIST

1221
01:08:44,125 --> 01:08:47,295
that it is difficult to treat
to delete it now.

1222
01:08:47,378 --> 01:08:48,606
There's too much money involved,

1223
01:08:48,630 --> 01:08:52,341
too many legislators who support it
because of the lobbies.

1224
01:08:52,425 --> 01:08:55,261
The public must come out to recover it.

1225
01:08:55,344 --> 01:08:56,763
It will never be done if they don't do it.

1226
01:08:57,513 --> 01:09:00,016
And I can see it's about the money

1227
01:09:00,099 --> 01:09:02,936
And they have the audacity
to chase me

1228
01:09:03,019 --> 01:09:04,688
And treat me like a criminal

1229
01:09:04,771 --> 01:09:07,440
Yes it is what it is
And that's how it is

1230
01:09:07,523 --> 01:09:09,984
They treat you like a criminal
If that's all you know

1231
01:09:10,068 --> 01:09:12,654
They treat you like a nigga
If that's all you show

1232
01:09:12,737 --> 01:09:15,073
A public enemy in the crosshairs

1233
01:09:17,241 --> 01:09:18,702
The night of his arrest,

1234
01:09:18,785 --> 01:09:22,038
Kalief Browder returned
from a party in the Bronx,

1235
01:09:22,121 --> 01:09:23,748
when the police stopped him.

1236
01:09:25,792 --> 01:09:31,089
Kalief was charged with a crime,
a misdemeanor,

1237
01:09:31,172 --> 01:09:33,299
which he did not commit.

1238
01:09:33,382 --> 01:09:35,677
They said, "We'll take you to the police station,

1239
01:09:35,760 --> 01:09:37,512
and maybe we will leave you
go to your house."

1240
01:09:37,595 --> 01:09:40,181
But I never came home.

1241
01:09:40,264 --> 01:09:44,185
- They told you that you could pay bail.
- Yes that's how it is.

1242
01:09:44,268 --> 01:09:45,644
- Ten thousand dollars.
- Yes.

1243
01:09:45,729 --> 01:09:48,314
- And of course...
- I didn't have them.

1244
01:09:48,397 --> 01:09:49,983
My family couldn't afford that.

1245
01:09:50,066 --> 01:09:53,361
There are thousands of people
in prisons right now

1246
01:09:53,444 --> 01:09:55,780
They are there for no other reason than

1247
01:09:55,864 --> 01:09:58,282
that they are too poor to go out!

1248
01:09:58,366 --> 01:10:00,576
Our criminal justice system
treats you better

1249
01:10:00,659 --> 01:10:03,371
if you are rich and guilty
What if you are poor and innocent.

1250
01:10:03,454 --> 01:10:05,957
Wealth, not guilt,
defines the results.

1251
01:10:06,040 --> 01:10:07,500
Many citizens think,

1252
01:10:07,583 --> 01:10:11,004
because they have seen
fictions of trials and things like that,

1253
01:10:11,087 --> 01:10:14,173
that the criminal justice system
It's about judges and juries.

1254
01:10:14,257 --> 01:10:16,384
That was no longer the case.

1255
01:10:16,467 --> 01:10:21,973
This system cannot exist
if everyone decides to go to trial.

1256
01:10:22,056 --> 01:10:23,641
If everyone insisted on going to trial,

1257
01:10:23,725 --> 01:10:25,226
the entire system would collapse.

1258
01:10:25,309 --> 01:10:27,603
What typically happens
The prosecutor says:

1259
01:10:27,686 --> 01:10:30,523
"You can make a deal,
and we will give you three years,

1260
01:10:30,606 --> 01:10:33,026
or you can go to court, and we'll give you 30.

1261
01:10:33,109 --> 01:10:35,069
If you want to take a risk,
You are free to do so."

1262
01:10:35,611 --> 01:10:37,655
Nobody from the neighborhoods goes to trial.

1263
01:10:37,739 --> 01:10:41,075
97% of people who are incarcerated

1264
01:10:41,159 --> 01:10:42,326
negotiated the sentence.

1265
01:10:43,536 --> 01:10:48,750
And that is one of the worst violations
of human rights

1266
01:10:48,833 --> 01:10:51,127
that you can imagine in the United States.

1267
01:10:51,210 --> 01:10:53,379
In this country, we have people
who pleads guilty

1268
01:10:53,462 --> 01:10:54,881
of crimes he did not commit,

1269
01:10:54,964 --> 01:10:58,885
because the idea of going to jail
for the mandatory minimum

1270
01:10:58,968 --> 01:11:00,219
It's atrocious.

1271
01:11:00,804 --> 01:11:03,681
Kalief Browder decided:
"I will not accept the plea deal."

1272
01:11:03,765 --> 01:11:07,601
You had to choose between being
in prison up to 15 years

1273
01:11:07,685 --> 01:11:10,729
or go home admitting
a crime you had not committed.

1274
01:11:10,814 --> 01:11:12,082
I felt like I was being framed.

1275
01:11:12,106 --> 01:11:15,484
Something had to be done about this.
Something had to be said.

1276
01:11:15,568 --> 01:11:19,072
If he accepted that he had committed a crime,
nothing would be done about it.

1277
01:11:19,155 --> 01:11:21,074
So I didn't accept it.
Justice was not served.

1278
01:11:21,157 --> 01:11:22,366
What they don't teach you

1279
01:11:22,909 --> 01:11:26,079
is that if you exercise your right to go to trial

1280
01:11:26,162 --> 01:11:29,290
and they condemn you, they will punish you even more.

1281
01:11:29,373 --> 01:11:31,750
The courts basically punished him

1282
01:11:31,835 --> 01:11:35,254
for having the audacity
to reject a plea deal

1283
01:11:35,338 --> 01:11:36,881
and for wanting to go to trial.

1284
01:11:36,965 --> 01:11:39,050
In those three years in which he was locked up

1285
01:11:39,133 --> 01:11:41,385
without being accused of anything,

1286
01:11:41,469 --> 01:11:45,139
was when his mental state
started to deteriorate

1287
01:11:45,223 --> 01:11:47,100
and he started having fights.

1288
01:11:50,061 --> 01:11:53,940
After a while, I kept listening.
the same for the three years,

1289
01:11:54,023 --> 01:11:57,443
and I learned to tolerate being there,

1290
01:11:57,526 --> 01:12:00,196
and that was hard. I already knew...

1291
01:12:00,947 --> 01:12:03,074
After a while, I lost hope.

1292
01:12:10,539 --> 01:12:14,460
Three years on Rikers Island,
two of them in confinement,

1293
01:12:14,543 --> 01:12:16,254
and he was a child, a baby.

1294
01:12:16,337 --> 01:12:18,464
You miss everything about being at home.

1295
01:12:18,547 --> 01:12:22,385
The fresh air, your family,
certain events. You want to be home.

1296
01:12:22,468 --> 01:12:24,929
When they offer you
come home immediately,

1297
01:12:25,013 --> 01:12:27,640
You say, "I want to go home,"
But you know you didn't.

1298
01:12:27,723 --> 01:12:31,352
You don't want to accept the deal
and say you did it. It's not good.

1299
01:12:37,275 --> 01:12:40,653
I was scared all day.
I didn't know where it would come from.

1300
01:12:40,736 --> 01:12:43,156
I didn't know where the damage would come from.

1301
01:12:43,239 --> 01:12:45,533
Kalief suffered so many beatings

1302
01:12:45,616 --> 01:12:48,536
by the inmates
and of the guards,

1303
01:12:48,619 --> 01:12:51,747
who tried to commit suicide
on several occasions.

1304
01:12:53,416 --> 01:12:56,419
After almost three years in prison,
awaiting his trial,

1305
01:12:56,502 --> 01:12:59,588
They dropped the charges and released him.

1306
01:13:02,341 --> 01:13:05,094
He spent two years in an environment

1307
01:13:05,178 --> 01:13:08,014
that is designed to break you
in 30 days, they say.

1308
01:13:08,556 --> 01:13:11,684
I can't tell you what will happen next, but...

1309
01:13:13,602 --> 01:13:15,271
This happens every day.

1310
01:13:16,647 --> 01:13:18,816
Two years after being released from prison,

1311
01:13:18,900 --> 01:13:22,861
Kalief Browder crashed
at his home in the Bronx.

1312
01:13:28,409 --> 01:13:30,536
He was 22 years old.

1313
01:13:45,134 --> 01:13:49,180
If I had pleaded guilty,
my story would not have been known.

1314
01:13:49,263 --> 01:13:51,515
Nobody would have taken the time
to listen to me.

1315
01:13:51,599 --> 01:13:54,352
He would have just been another criminal.

1316
01:13:56,770 --> 01:13:59,857
The prison industrial complex
the system, the industry,

1317
01:13:59,941 --> 01:14:03,027
It's a beast.

1318
01:14:03,110 --> 01:14:06,948
It devours blacks and Latinos

1319
01:14:07,031 --> 01:14:09,533
at breakfast, lunch and dinner.

1320
01:14:11,785 --> 01:14:16,290
We don't even think about who has
the job of spending time with these guys.

1321
01:14:17,583 --> 01:14:19,961
If we do so, we would like
social workers and teachers.

1322
01:14:20,044 --> 01:14:23,714
We would want people who understand
human behavior.

1323
01:14:25,841 --> 01:14:27,426
And we do the opposite.

1324
01:14:36,560 --> 01:14:38,104
You immediately become numb.

1325
01:14:38,187 --> 01:14:41,149
I think jail
It does that to humans.

1326
01:14:41,232 --> 01:14:44,610
The immediate dehumanization
and sensory deprivation

1327
01:14:44,693 --> 01:14:47,488
that no one can understand
without having gone through it.

1328
01:14:50,533 --> 01:14:54,620
The last 14 years,
My son has not had contact with humans,

1329
01:14:54,703 --> 01:14:58,082
beyond being handcuffed by an officer.

1330
01:14:58,166 --> 01:15:00,334
He doesn't even have a window in his cell,

1331
01:15:00,418 --> 01:15:02,836
and that's something that really worries me.

1332
01:15:02,920 --> 01:15:04,047
It distresses me.

1333
01:15:06,340 --> 01:15:07,633
I couldn't believe it.

1334
01:15:07,716 --> 01:15:09,593
I couldn't believe

1335
01:15:09,677 --> 01:15:13,764
that we have similar
architectural design in our country.

1336
01:15:13,847 --> 01:15:16,725
I never realized
that the cells were like that.

1337
01:15:16,809 --> 01:15:21,480
Human beings are not born
to be locked up and caged.

1338
01:15:21,564 --> 01:15:25,068
Many people would not have their pets
in the condition class

1339
01:15:25,151 --> 01:15:26,652
in which we have the people.

1340
01:15:26,735 --> 01:15:30,156
Prisons and jails
They have become deposits,

1341
01:15:30,239 --> 01:15:32,200
and as a society,

1342
01:15:32,283 --> 01:15:35,994
It is not enough to deprive you of your freedom.

1343
01:15:37,330 --> 01:15:38,872
We also want to punish you.

1344
01:15:38,956 --> 01:15:42,210
many in society

1345
01:15:42,293 --> 01:15:45,879
they don't understand what it means
be behind those doors

1346
01:15:45,963 --> 01:15:47,256
and barbed wire.

1347
01:15:50,884 --> 01:15:54,138
When someone is arrested
and damned, it disappears.

1348
01:15:54,222 --> 01:15:55,889
No one in particular cares.

1349
01:15:57,100 --> 01:16:00,436
In many ways, prison systems
They are in the dark.

1350
01:16:00,519 --> 01:16:04,022
So, cognitively and emotionally,
makes it easier.

1351
01:16:04,107 --> 01:16:06,442
It becomes easier to say:
"Send people there."

1352
01:16:08,069 --> 01:16:10,863
If you study the problem, you say:
"What are we doing?"

1353
01:16:10,946 --> 01:16:14,200
Too many laws contain
too many people for too many things.

1354
01:16:14,283 --> 01:16:17,953
They give them sentences that are very harsh,
They put them in prison,

1355
01:16:18,036 --> 01:16:19,247
and while they are in prison,

1356
01:16:19,330 --> 01:16:21,874
They do very little, or nothing,
to rehabilitate them,

1357
01:16:21,957 --> 01:16:24,543
so they can reintegrate
in society when leaving.

1358
01:16:24,627 --> 01:16:27,004
Then when they come out, we reject them.

1359
01:16:27,088 --> 01:16:30,549
More than 40,000 collateral consequences

1360
01:16:30,633 --> 01:16:33,219
of people passing
by our criminal justice system.

1361
01:16:33,302 --> 01:16:35,721
It's the question: "Have you ever
Were you convicted of a crime?"

1362
01:16:35,804 --> 01:16:37,890
that appears on the employment form.

1363
01:16:37,973 --> 01:16:40,643
Sometimes it affects
access to loans to study.

1364
01:16:40,726 --> 01:16:43,729
They cannot have a permit for a business,
nor food stamps.

1365
01:16:43,812 --> 01:16:46,107
Rental of private housing.

1366
01:16:46,190 --> 01:16:49,110
is the question that appears
in life insurance.

1367
01:16:49,193 --> 01:16:53,156
The scarlet letter that follows you
the rest of your life in this country.

1368
01:16:54,198 --> 01:16:55,658
In March 2015,

1369
01:16:55,741 --> 01:16:58,577
tens of thousands of people
They came to Selma

1370
01:16:58,661 --> 01:17:00,121
to celebrate the 50th anniversary

1371
01:17:00,204 --> 01:17:02,415
from the Edmund Pettus Bridge crossing.

1372
01:17:02,498 --> 01:17:04,583
And very few of those people
they realized

1373
01:17:04,667 --> 01:17:08,254
that almost 30% of the population
black male from alabama today

1374
01:17:08,337 --> 01:17:12,466
has permanently lost the right
to vote for a criminal conviction.

1375
01:17:14,260 --> 01:17:17,095
If you do something wrong, you should pay for it.

1376
01:17:17,180 --> 01:17:18,847
and then continue with your life.

1377
01:17:18,931 --> 01:17:22,310
However, in the United States,
there is no permanent closure.

1378
01:17:22,393 --> 01:17:27,773
We tell citizens
when they pay their debt to society,

1379
01:17:27,856 --> 01:17:30,526
that their citizenship will be denied.

1380
01:17:30,609 --> 01:17:34,863
Many aspects of the old Jim Crow
They are legal again

1381
01:17:34,947 --> 01:17:37,908
once they mark you as a criminal.

1382
01:17:37,991 --> 01:17:39,368
VOTING - PARENTAL RIGHTS

1383
01:17:39,452 --> 01:17:42,621
It seems that in the United States
we do not end with racial castes,

1384
01:17:42,705 --> 01:17:44,540
but we just redesign them.

1385
01:17:45,541 --> 01:17:47,125
You act like the change

1386
01:17:47,210 --> 01:17:49,002
You try to chain me

1387
01:17:49,086 --> 01:17:50,796
Don't act like you'll save us

1388
01:17:50,879 --> 01:17:52,256
It's still the same

1389
01:17:52,340 --> 01:17:56,260
Dude, don't act like I made it up.
You are blaming us

1390
01:17:56,344 --> 01:17:59,680
Keep it at a hundred
You gave us a name

1391
01:17:59,763 --> 01:18:03,267
We are still chained

1392
01:18:03,351 --> 01:18:04,977
You blame us

1393
01:18:05,060 --> 01:18:06,437
We are now in an era

1394
01:18:06,520 --> 01:18:09,607
where Democrats and Republicans
they have equally decided

1395
01:18:09,690 --> 01:18:15,571
that is no longer of interest to you
keep the prison system as it is.

1396
01:18:15,654 --> 01:18:16,739
Now suddenly

1397
01:18:16,822 --> 01:18:19,408
Hillary Clinton meets
with Black Lives Matter activists

1398
01:18:19,492 --> 01:18:20,493
and talk about it.

1399
01:18:20,576 --> 01:18:26,957
It's time to change our focus
and end mass incarceration.

1400
01:18:27,040 --> 01:18:28,834
She talked a lot about the topic.

1401
01:18:28,917 --> 01:18:34,047
We will reform the criminal justice system
from start to finish

1402
01:18:34,131 --> 01:18:40,388
to rebuild trust
between the police and the community.

1403
01:18:40,471 --> 01:18:43,849
Obama visited the prison
as the first sitting president...

1404
01:18:43,932 --> 01:18:45,100
who visits a prison.

1405
01:18:45,184 --> 01:18:47,853
We have the opportunity
to change things in a moment

1406
01:18:47,936 --> 01:18:50,773
when the general indices
of violent crimes have decreased,

1407
01:18:50,856 --> 01:18:52,858
and the imprisonments last year

1408
01:18:52,941 --> 01:18:54,943
decreased for the first time in 40 years.

1409
01:18:55,027 --> 01:18:59,240
The conservatives, who always
they saw themselves within the narrative

1410
01:18:59,323 --> 01:19:02,743
as the toughest against crime,

1411
01:19:02,826 --> 01:19:05,746
now they accept judicial reform.

1412
01:19:05,829 --> 01:19:08,081
It's very unusual.

1413
01:19:08,165 --> 01:19:13,170
Texas spent billions
in imprisoning people for minor crimes.

1414
01:19:13,796 --> 01:19:16,882
We change our focus
to alternative programs,

1415
01:19:16,965 --> 01:19:18,676
such as community supervision.

1416
01:19:18,759 --> 01:19:20,010
We have to ask ourselves:

1417
01:19:20,093 --> 01:19:24,056
"Should I feel comfortable
with people conducting a conversation

1418
01:19:24,139 --> 01:19:26,517
in a moment
Where does it look good politically?"

1419
01:19:26,600 --> 01:19:33,106
Historically, when one studies
efforts to create reforms,

1420
01:19:33,190 --> 01:19:38,446
inevitably led to more repression.

1421
01:19:38,529 --> 01:19:42,283
If we allow it,
They are going to disrupt the system.

1422
01:19:42,366 --> 01:19:44,577
They will not make the types of changes
what we need

1423
01:19:44,660 --> 01:19:46,537
as a country to get out of this mess.

1424
01:19:46,620 --> 01:19:48,789
And they won't back down

1425
01:19:48,872 --> 01:19:50,458
to fix the mess they already made.

1426
01:19:50,541 --> 01:19:52,501
They are not ready to admit that.

1427
01:19:52,585 --> 01:19:56,464
But as a country,
we were never ready to admit

1428
01:19:56,547 --> 01:19:59,592
that we have overwhelmed entire communities

1429
01:19:59,675 --> 01:20:01,469
and multiple generations

1430
01:20:01,552 --> 01:20:04,096
when you think about things
like slavery and Jim Crow,

1431
01:20:04,179 --> 01:20:07,850
and systems of oppression
that led us to where we are today.

1432
01:20:09,518 --> 01:20:11,770
What fun! I love it!

1433
01:20:11,854 --> 01:20:14,106
Are we having a good time?

1434
01:20:14,189 --> 01:20:20,153
EE! Wow!

1435
01:20:22,615 --> 01:20:25,534
Fuck off!

1436
01:20:25,618 --> 01:20:28,496
Don't you dare do that!

1437
01:20:28,579 --> 01:20:31,248
They would beat them to death, right?
Oh really!

1438
01:20:31,332 --> 01:20:33,959
Take it out. Get him out of here!

1439
01:20:38,797 --> 01:20:41,133
In the old days, this didn't happen,

1440
01:20:41,216 --> 01:20:44,302
because they were treated very harshly.

1441
01:20:44,387 --> 01:20:46,597
And when they protested once,

1442
01:20:46,680 --> 01:20:48,807
They didn't do it again so easily.

1443
01:20:48,891 --> 01:20:52,395
I would like to hit him
in your face, I tell you.

1444
01:20:57,024 --> 01:20:58,484
I love the old days.

1445
01:20:58,567 --> 01:21:00,318
Do you know what they did with guys like that?

1446
01:21:00,403 --> 01:21:02,029
when were they in a place like this?

1447
01:21:03,113 --> 01:21:06,033
They took them away on a stretcher, friends.

1448
01:21:08,243 --> 01:21:09,495
Yes it's true.

1449
01:21:09,578 --> 01:21:10,954
I'm going to break his mouth.

1450
01:21:11,038 --> 01:21:13,541
The next time we see him
maybe we should kill him.

1451
01:21:14,542 --> 01:21:16,710
In the old days,

1452
01:21:16,794 --> 01:21:20,381
they would rip it out
from that seat so fast...

1453
01:21:23,509 --> 01:21:25,678
-Shut your mouth.
- No, fuck.

1454
01:21:25,761 --> 01:21:27,095
I will not be silent.

1455
01:21:27,179 --> 01:21:28,472
Why are they here?

1456
01:21:29,139 --> 01:21:31,016
Get out of here, friend.

1457
01:21:31,099 --> 01:21:32,393
Get out of here.

1458
01:21:34,186 --> 01:21:36,772
- Be respectful!
- I care about my son's future!

1459
01:21:39,608 --> 01:21:41,109
In the old days,

1460
01:21:42,152 --> 01:21:45,989
police forces
They acted faster.

1461
01:21:47,700 --> 01:21:48,701
Much faster.

1462
01:21:49,952 --> 01:21:51,620
We are going to enforce the law.

1463
01:21:51,704 --> 01:21:54,832
Americans need to remember that.
if we are going to have law and order.

1464
01:21:56,208 --> 01:22:01,338
I am the law and order candidate.

1465
01:22:01,422 --> 01:22:04,758
BLACK LIVES MATTER

1466
01:22:04,842 --> 01:22:08,762
We think... At the end of slavery
They called it "jubilee."

1467
01:22:08,846 --> 01:22:10,723
We thought it was over.

1468
01:22:10,806 --> 01:22:14,142
Then we had 100 years
of Jim Crow, of terror and lynchings.

1469
01:22:15,352 --> 01:22:19,022
Dr. King, these guys come on stage,
Ella Jo Baker, Fannie Lou Hamer,

1470
01:22:19,106 --> 01:22:21,233
we get the laws voted,

1471
01:22:21,316 --> 01:22:23,026
and then they take out the handcuffs.

1472
01:22:23,110 --> 01:22:26,363
If you are labeled a criminal,
You can't vote or work.

1473
01:22:26,447 --> 01:22:30,576
So we don't know
What will it be like next time?

1474
01:22:30,659 --> 01:22:33,036
but it will be.

1475
01:22:33,120 --> 01:22:34,788
And we must be attentive.

1476
01:22:34,872 --> 01:22:37,374
I am a six by nine cell

1477
01:22:37,458 --> 01:22:40,586
A hell, stone wall, bars
For the gods in prison

1478
01:22:40,669 --> 01:22:43,171
My nickname, the can
The prison, the big house

1479
01:22:43,255 --> 01:22:45,883
I am the place that many fear
Because there is no escape

1480
01:22:48,051 --> 01:22:50,471
LIKELIHOOD OF IMPRISONMENT
DURING LIFE

1481
01:22:50,554 --> 01:22:55,017
WHITE MEN
1 IN 17

1482
01:22:58,646 --> 01:23:03,776
The Department of Justice reported
that one in three young black men

1483
01:23:03,859 --> 01:23:06,361
you have the possibility of going to prison
during his life,

1484
01:23:06,444 --> 01:23:09,364
an incredibly shocking statistic.

1485
01:23:17,289 --> 01:23:21,293
Black men represent
6.5% of the United States population.

1486
01:23:21,376 --> 01:23:25,213
They make up 40.2%
of the prison population.

1487
01:23:29,259 --> 01:23:32,805
There are more African Americans now
under criminal supervision

1488
01:23:32,888 --> 01:23:34,890
than slaves in 1850.

1489
01:23:34,973 --> 01:23:36,934
The prison industrial complex

1490
01:23:37,893 --> 01:23:42,480
historically trust
in the legacy of slavery.

1491
01:23:42,564 --> 01:23:45,400
NEITHER SLAVERY, NOR SERVITUDE
INVOLUNTARY WILL EXIST

1492
01:23:45,483 --> 01:23:46,860
The 13th Amendment says:

1493
01:23:46,944 --> 01:23:50,739
"There will be no involuntary servitude
except for those convicted of a crime."

1494
01:23:50,823 --> 01:23:54,743
Once you are convicted of a crime,
You are a slave of the state.

1495
01:23:54,827 --> 01:23:56,187
EXCEPT AS PUNISHMENT FOR A CRIME

1496
01:23:56,244 --> 01:23:58,831
The stroke of a pen
It does not fulfill itself.

1497
01:23:58,914 --> 01:24:02,000
While the 13th Amendment
It was received as a milestone for freedom,

1498
01:24:02,084 --> 01:24:05,003
and the abolitionists celebrated
the end of a long crusade...

1499
01:24:05,087 --> 01:24:06,088
TEACHER

1500
01:24:06,171 --> 01:24:07,673
The reality is more problematic.

1501
01:24:07,756 --> 01:24:11,051
Once the clause is inserted there,
It becomes a tool.

1502
01:24:11,134 --> 01:24:13,220
It's there. Tucked into the structure.

1503
01:24:13,303 --> 01:24:17,850
And for those looking to use
this clause as a tool,

1504
01:24:17,933 --> 01:24:19,852
It can be a very powerful one.

1505
01:24:19,935 --> 01:24:23,355
It is privileged. It's in the Constitution.
It is the supreme law of the land.

1506
01:24:25,899 --> 01:24:28,110
throughout history
from the United States,

1507
01:24:28,193 --> 01:24:30,988
African Americans
have been repeatedly checked

1508
01:24:31,071 --> 01:24:34,908
through control systems
racial and social that seem to die,

1509
01:24:34,992 --> 01:24:37,369
but they are reborn with a new form,

1510
01:24:37,452 --> 01:24:39,997
adapted to the needs
and restrictions of the time.

1511
01:24:40,080 --> 01:24:42,040
After the collapse of slavery,

1512
01:24:42,124 --> 01:24:45,252
a new system was born,
the leasing of convicts,

1513
01:24:45,335 --> 01:24:48,631
a new form of slavery.

1514
01:24:49,882 --> 01:24:54,261
When this system disappeared,
a new one was born,

1515
01:24:54,344 --> 01:24:55,804
the Jim Crow system,

1516
01:24:55,888 --> 01:25:01,268
that relegated African Americans
to permanent second-class status.

1517
01:25:02,645 --> 01:25:03,812
And here we are,

1518
01:25:03,896 --> 01:25:07,399
decades after the collapse
of old Jim Crow,

1519
01:25:07,482 --> 01:25:10,736
and a new system
He was born again in the United States.

1520
01:25:10,819 --> 01:25:14,197
A system of mass incarceration
that, again,

1521
01:25:14,281 --> 01:25:19,161
deprives millions of poor,
mostly poor in color,

1522
01:25:19,244 --> 01:25:22,915
of the rights that are supposed
that they gained with the civil movements.

1523
01:25:22,998 --> 01:25:25,417
Instead of talking about this,

1524
01:25:25,500 --> 01:25:27,085
We try to keep moving forward.

1525
01:25:27,169 --> 01:25:29,963
After approving
the Civil Rights Act,

1526
01:25:30,047 --> 01:25:31,423
We try to eliminate it.

1527
01:25:31,506 --> 01:25:32,716
Since we don't deal with that,

1528
01:25:32,800 --> 01:25:35,427
continued the narrative
of racial difference.

1529
01:25:35,510 --> 01:25:39,181
And it became a presumption
of danger and guilt

1530
01:25:39,264 --> 01:25:42,267
that haunts every person
black and brown wherever she is.

1531
01:25:46,063 --> 01:25:48,941
They must get off the streets.

1532
01:25:49,024 --> 01:25:50,358
Get out of the way!

1533
01:25:53,195 --> 01:25:56,448
It's the St. Louis County Police.
Get off the street.

1534
01:25:57,199 --> 01:26:00,243
Ferguson wasn't just about Mike Brown.

1535
01:26:00,327 --> 01:26:06,208
It was also a pattern of criminalization
and mass incarceration.

1536
01:26:07,167 --> 01:26:09,544
Back.

1537
01:26:10,170 --> 01:26:13,674
There was an average of three orders
for housing in Ferguson.

1538
01:26:14,800 --> 01:26:17,678
The people rebelled because they understood

1539
01:26:17,761 --> 01:26:22,557
who were also enemies of the state,
They were seen as enemies of the state.

1540
01:26:24,559 --> 01:26:29,272
The communities where black people live
They became occupied territories,

1541
01:26:29,356 --> 01:26:35,112
and black people were considered
like combat enemies

1542
01:26:35,195 --> 01:26:37,114
that we have no rights,

1543
01:26:37,197 --> 01:26:40,658
and they can stop us, search us

1544
01:26:40,743 --> 01:26:43,996
arrest us, detain us, interrogate us

1545
01:26:44,079 --> 01:26:45,706
and kill us with impunity.

1546
01:26:52,045 --> 01:26:54,089
If we observe

1547
01:26:54,172 --> 01:26:58,676
the large scale revolts we know
In our recent history,

1548
01:26:58,761 --> 01:27:00,303
from Rodney King,

1549
01:27:00,387 --> 01:27:02,806
to the Detroit riot in 1967,

1550
01:27:02,890 --> 01:27:05,267
that of Newark in 1967,

1551
01:27:05,350 --> 01:27:08,478
that of Harlem in 1964
and that of Watts in 1965.

1552
01:27:08,561 --> 01:27:11,940
Each of those revolts
It was the result of police brutality.

1553
01:27:12,024 --> 01:27:13,025
It is the common thread.

1554
01:27:13,108 --> 01:27:14,902
ENOUGH KILLING! BLACK CHILDREN

1555
01:27:14,985 --> 01:27:16,737
- Fight!
- With your fist raised!

1556
01:27:16,820 --> 01:27:18,196
It would be a mistake to say,

1557
01:27:18,280 --> 01:27:20,908
as many people say
In the current context,

1558
01:27:20,991 --> 01:27:23,869
that if you are against the police,
you are against law and order.

1559
01:27:23,952 --> 01:27:25,412
They are public servants.

1560
01:27:25,495 --> 01:27:28,331
They risk their lives for us.
And that's true.

1561
01:27:28,415 --> 01:27:32,669
People join the police
to do that kind of thing.

1562
01:27:33,670 --> 01:27:39,092
But if you dismiss the blacks' grievances
of mistreatment by the police

1563
01:27:39,176 --> 01:27:41,386
like something totally ingrained
In the modern context,

1564
01:27:41,469 --> 01:27:43,055
you are completely wrong.

1565
01:27:43,138 --> 01:27:45,390
There has never been
a period in our history

1566
01:27:45,473 --> 01:27:51,229
where a branch of law and order
of the state has not operated

1567
01:27:51,313 --> 01:27:54,858
against freedoms,
options and choices

1568
01:27:54,942 --> 01:27:57,903
available to the black community.

1569
01:27:57,986 --> 01:28:02,825
Ignore that racial heritage,
ignore the historical context,

1570
01:28:02,908 --> 01:28:04,910
means that there cannot be
a well-founded debate

1571
01:28:04,993 --> 01:28:08,288
about the current state of the relationship
of black people and the police.

1572
01:28:08,371 --> 01:28:10,248
This didn't come out of nowhere.

1573
01:28:10,332 --> 01:28:13,418
It is the product
of a historical process of centuries.

1574
01:28:13,501 --> 01:28:17,047
And to ignore that is to reject solutions.

1575
01:28:17,130 --> 01:28:20,717
Maybe we no longer have
the sheets of the Ku Klux Klan,

1576
01:28:20,801 --> 01:28:23,887
but clearly, when you see
who shoot young black men,

1577
01:28:24,512 --> 01:28:27,808
It is obvious that we did not remove this cancer.

1578
01:28:29,852 --> 01:28:34,147
For many of us,
with families who went through this,

1579
01:28:34,231 --> 01:28:36,691
what are extensions
of this type of oppression,

1580
01:28:36,774 --> 01:28:39,652
we don't need to see photos
to understand what is happening.

1581
01:28:39,736 --> 01:28:42,906
It is to speak to the masses

1582
01:28:42,990 --> 01:28:45,325
who have been ignoring this
throughout his life.

1583
01:28:45,408 --> 01:28:48,453
But there is also the problem
just to show

1584
01:28:48,536 --> 01:28:51,414
black bodies like dead bodies.

1585
01:28:51,498 --> 01:28:54,751
The excess of anything
he becomes sick, useless.

1586
01:28:55,961 --> 01:29:00,298
I think they need to be seen,
if the family agrees.

1587
01:29:00,883 --> 01:29:04,802
Only when things became visual
in the civil rights movements,

1588
01:29:04,887 --> 01:29:07,597
we really saw

1589
01:29:07,680 --> 01:29:11,518
to the shocked people
and approaching the movement.

1590
01:29:11,601 --> 01:29:14,646
You have to impact people
to pay attention to us.

1591
01:29:14,729 --> 01:29:18,608
But there is a kind of historical trajectory
what we can plot here

1592
01:29:18,691 --> 01:29:20,818
through media and technology.

1593
01:29:20,903 --> 01:29:24,156
We went back to the time of slavery,

1594
01:29:24,239 --> 01:29:26,616
where autobiographies were written
or slave narratives.

1595
01:29:26,699 --> 01:29:29,119
MY FREEDOM. LIFE AS A SLAVE.
LIFE AS A FREE MAN.

1596
01:29:29,202 --> 01:29:30,828
Later in the 19th century,

1597
01:29:30,913 --> 01:29:32,455
people started using photos

1598
01:29:32,539 --> 01:29:34,332
and show images.

1599
01:29:35,542 --> 01:29:38,461
There is a famous image
of the slave Gordon and his back,

1600
01:29:38,545 --> 01:29:41,839
and you can see the framework
of scar tissue,

1601
01:29:41,924 --> 01:29:45,552
proof of the whippings he received.

1602
01:29:45,635 --> 01:29:49,681
Or the images of lynchings
that white people produced.

1603
01:29:51,599 --> 01:29:54,519
The murder of Emmett Till
was considered

1604
01:29:54,602 --> 01:29:58,106
as one of the catalysts
of the civil rights movement.

1605
01:29:59,024 --> 01:30:01,109
His mother's wish...

1606
01:30:01,193 --> 01:30:02,777
EMMETT TILL'S MOTHER

1607
01:30:02,860 --> 01:30:04,612
to have an open casket funeral.

1608
01:30:07,365 --> 01:30:10,994
Hundreds and hundreds of black people
they queued

1609
01:30:11,078 --> 01:30:13,205
to see the young black

1610
01:30:13,288 --> 01:30:16,458
who had been murdered
by white supremacists in the South.

1611
01:30:18,376 --> 01:30:20,712
Post those photos
in black publications...

1612
01:30:20,795 --> 01:30:21,964
SPECIAL REPORT

1613
01:30:22,047 --> 01:30:26,843
for all the black world,
like Facebook or Twitter now.

1614
01:30:26,926 --> 01:30:30,722
So that the black world
see what had happened.

1615
01:30:30,805 --> 01:30:34,934
In the 1950s, Dr. King
and the civil rights movement

1616
01:30:35,018 --> 01:30:36,298
used television in this way.

1617
01:30:36,353 --> 01:30:38,480
"Look, this is what segregation looks like.

1618
01:30:38,563 --> 01:30:42,484
These are dogs that attack children.
"They throw water at these people."

1619
01:30:44,402 --> 01:30:49,241
Search for a medium or technology
that confirms your experience,

1620
01:30:49,324 --> 01:30:52,119
so that your basic humanity
be recognized.

1621
01:30:52,202 --> 01:30:55,372
The difference now is that someone
hold one of these

1622
01:30:55,455 --> 01:30:56,748
and record what happens.

1623
01:30:56,831 --> 01:31:01,378
You can put it on YouTube,
and everyone has to deal with that.

1624
01:31:01,461 --> 01:31:02,587
That's the new thing.

1625
01:31:02,670 --> 01:31:05,048
It's not the protest. It's not brutality.

1626
01:31:05,132 --> 01:31:07,509
It is that we can
force a conversation about it.

1627
01:31:07,592 --> 01:31:11,596
They have killed us consistently
as a result of police aggression.

1628
01:31:11,679 --> 01:31:15,600
Generally they would excuse themselves
saying that we are criminals.

1629
01:31:16,309 --> 01:31:18,353
When they were killing Oscar Grant...

1630
01:31:18,436 --> 01:31:21,814
WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE FAMILY
BY OSCAR GRANT

1631
01:31:25,443 --> 01:31:27,279
When Eric Garner was arrested...

1632
01:31:27,862 --> 01:31:30,907
I can't breathe.

1633
01:31:30,990 --> 01:31:32,051
WITH PERMISSION
FROM THE FAMILY OF ERIC GARNER

1634
01:31:32,075 --> 01:31:35,120
I can't breathe.

1635
01:31:37,664 --> 01:31:39,624
Everyone pointed out that he said:

1636
01:31:39,707 --> 01:31:41,459
"I can't breathe."

1637
01:31:41,543 --> 01:31:43,211
But the sentences before that were:

1638
01:31:43,295 --> 01:31:45,505
"Why do they always stop me?

1639
01:31:45,588 --> 01:31:50,468
Why, almost every day,
"Almost every week, they stop me?"

1640
01:31:50,552 --> 01:31:53,930
And I think that's very important.

1641
01:31:54,013 --> 01:31:57,975
When we think of children
who died at the hands of the state,

1642
01:31:58,060 --> 01:32:01,313
I think of Tamir Rice at 12 years old...

1643
01:32:01,396 --> 01:32:02,498
WITH PERMISSION OF TAMIR RICE'S FAMILY

1644
01:32:02,522 --> 01:32:04,941
and the way they killed him
It breaks my heart.

1645
01:32:05,900 --> 01:32:07,319
Take off your seat belt.

1646
01:32:07,402 --> 01:32:09,821
High!

1647
01:32:09,904 --> 01:32:11,584
WITH PERMISSION OF SAM DUBOSE'S FAMILY

1648
01:32:11,614 --> 01:32:14,534
WITH PERMISSION
FROM FREDDIE GRAY'S FAMILY

1649
01:32:14,617 --> 01:32:17,954
WITH PERMISSION
FROM THE FAMILY OF JASON HARRISON

1650
01:32:18,037 --> 01:32:19,164
Are you okay?

1651
01:32:19,247 --> 01:32:20,248
OCTOBER 20, 2014

1652
01:32:20,332 --> 01:32:24,461
WITH PERMISSION
FROM LAQUAN MCDONALD'S FAMILY

1653
01:32:24,544 --> 01:32:27,213
- Get on your stomach. Now!
-Enough fighting!

1654
01:32:30,758 --> 01:32:33,345
- I'm sorry.
- Shit.

1655
01:32:33,428 --> 01:32:35,347
He shot me, buddy.

1656
01:32:35,430 --> 01:32:37,682
- They shot me.
- He didn't do anything.

1657
01:32:37,765 --> 01:32:39,016
You didn't do anything.

1658
01:32:39,100 --> 01:32:40,685
- I can't breathe.
- Fuck it.

1659
01:32:40,768 --> 01:32:42,437
Stay with me.

1660
01:32:42,520 --> 01:32:45,482
We were stopped for a broken taillight.

1661
01:32:45,565 --> 01:32:48,485
WITH PERMISSION
FROM THE FAMILY OF PHILANDO CASTILE

1662
01:32:51,988 --> 01:32:55,450
PHILANDO CASTILE - SHOT
BRIAN ACTON - EXCESSIVE FORCE

1663
01:32:55,533 --> 01:32:57,702
ARIEL CLARK - PHYSICAL RESTRAINT

1664
01:33:12,592 --> 01:33:14,027
UNARMED BLACK VICTIMS
KILLED BY THE POLICE

1665
01:33:14,051 --> 01:33:16,888
Police violence is not
a problem in itself.

1666
01:33:16,971 --> 01:33:21,017
It is the reflection
of a larger brutal system

1667
01:33:21,100 --> 01:33:24,562
of social and racial control,
known as mass incarceration,

1668
01:33:24,646 --> 01:33:28,608
that authorizes
this type of police violence.

1669
01:33:28,691 --> 01:33:31,653
Therefore, for me, the genius
from Black Lives Matter...

1670
01:33:31,736 --> 01:33:36,574
They have distributed the leadership model.
They can't find their addresses.

1671
01:33:36,658 --> 01:33:39,702
That is, Black Lives Matter is
a movement that cannot be stopped

1672
01:33:39,786 --> 01:33:41,454
with a bullet or something like that.

1673
01:33:41,538 --> 01:33:43,415
So, there is hope because of that.

1674
01:33:44,123 --> 01:33:46,584
Let people really understand

1675
01:33:46,668 --> 01:33:49,962
that when black lives matter,

1676
01:33:50,046 --> 01:33:52,048
everyone's lives matter,

1677
01:33:52,132 --> 01:33:57,011
including that of each person who enters
to this criminal justice system

1678
01:33:57,094 --> 01:33:59,096
and to this prison industrial complex.

1679
01:33:59,181 --> 01:34:02,058
It's not just about black lives,

1680
01:34:02,141 --> 01:34:07,314
but to change the way the country
understands human dignity.

1681
01:34:17,490 --> 01:34:19,784
BLACK LIVES MATTER

1682
01:34:19,993 --> 01:34:23,496
This is what the movement is all about.
Black Lives Matter.

1683
01:34:23,663 --> 01:34:27,208
The question is whose life
we recognize as valuable.

1684
01:34:27,292 --> 01:34:29,043
PHILANDO CASTILE
DESERVES JUSTICE

1685
01:34:29,127 --> 01:34:32,505
AM I STILL?

1686
01:34:40,972 --> 01:34:44,100
The opposite of criminalization
It is humanization.

1687
01:34:44,184 --> 01:34:46,477
It's the only thing I hope for
that people understand.

1688
01:34:47,979 --> 01:34:51,649
It's about rehumanizing us,
as people,

1689
01:34:51,733 --> 01:34:54,652
and as a people, all of us.

1690
01:34:54,736 --> 01:34:57,197
I AM A MAN

1691
01:35:00,867 --> 01:35:03,160
BLACK LIVES MATTER

1692
01:35:03,245 --> 01:35:06,456
The mass incarceration system
has grown,

1693
01:35:06,539 --> 01:35:09,459
has spread and developed an appetite

1694
01:35:09,542 --> 01:35:14,130
that devours people
in communities of all colors.

1695
01:35:14,213 --> 01:35:15,757
But if it had not been for the fact

1696
01:35:15,840 --> 01:35:20,553
that it started with a group of people
defined by a race

1697
01:35:20,637 --> 01:35:23,848
that as a nation
we have learned to dismiss,

1698
01:35:23,931 --> 01:35:28,603
we wouldn't be talking about two million
of people behind bars today.

1699
01:35:28,686 --> 01:35:29,788
People say all the time:

1700
01:35:29,812 --> 01:35:32,189
"How was slavery tolerated?

1701
01:35:32,274 --> 01:35:34,359
How could they get used to that?

1702
01:35:34,442 --> 01:35:38,280
How did they go to a lynching
and they participated in that?

1703
01:35:38,363 --> 01:35:42,074
How did they rationalize segregation?

1704
01:35:42,158 --> 01:35:45,287
This is about blacks and whites only...?
It's crazy.

1705
01:35:45,370 --> 01:35:49,416
If I had lived at that time,
"I would never have tolerated something like that."

1706
01:35:49,499 --> 01:35:52,752
The truth is that we live
right now, and we are tolerating it.

1707
01:35:59,216 --> 01:36:01,636
southern leaves
Southern trees we hang from

1708
01:36:01,719 --> 01:36:04,013
barren souls
Heroic songs unsung

1709
01:36:04,096 --> 01:36:06,724
Forgive them, Father
They know this knot is undone

1710
01:36:06,808 --> 01:36:09,226
tied with rope
that my grandmother dyed

1711
01:36:09,311 --> 01:36:11,979
Pride of pilgrims
Affects the lives of millions

1712
01:36:12,063 --> 01:36:14,566
Since the days of slavery
Separating parents from children

1713
01:36:14,649 --> 01:36:17,819
The institution is not a building
But a method

1714
01:36:17,902 --> 01:36:19,737
So that black and brown bodies
fill them

1715
01:36:19,821 --> 01:36:22,365
we are not seen
As human beings with feelings

1716
01:36:22,449 --> 01:36:24,867
Will the country ever be us
God willing?

1717
01:36:24,951 --> 01:36:27,370
Because now we know the new Jim Crow

1718
01:36:27,454 --> 01:36:30,081
The detention and arrest of our souls

1719
01:36:30,164 --> 01:36:33,626
Police and politics
Control patrol philosophies

1720
01:36:33,710 --> 01:36:35,420
A cruel hand takes control

1721
01:36:35,503 --> 01:36:38,005
We let go to free them
In order to free ourselves

1722
01:36:38,089 --> 01:36:40,675
America's time to come to Jesus

1723
01:36:40,758 --> 01:36:43,135
- Freedom
- Freedom

1724
01:36:43,219 --> 01:36:45,722
freedom is coming

1725
01:36:45,805 --> 01:36:48,307
wait

1726
01:36:48,391 --> 01:36:50,977
- It won't be long
- It won't be long

1727
01:36:51,060 --> 01:36:53,521
- Freedom
- Freedom

1728
01:36:53,605 --> 01:36:56,148
- Freedom is coming
- Freedom is coming

1729
01:36:56,232 --> 01:36:58,776
- Wait
- Wait

1730
01:36:58,860 --> 01:37:01,571
- It won't be long
- It won't be long

1731
01:37:01,654 --> 01:37:04,073
The bird sings in its cage
For freedom in the arena

1732
01:37:04,156 --> 01:37:06,659
Black bodies are lost
in the american dream

1733
01:37:06,743 --> 01:37:09,286
Black blood is a pastoral scene

1734
01:37:09,371 --> 01:37:11,998
Slavery still lives
Look at the 13th Amendment.

1735
01:37:12,081 --> 01:37:14,584
Whips and chains are subliminal

1736
01:37:14,667 --> 01:37:17,211
instead of nigga
They use the word criminal

1737
01:37:17,294 --> 01:37:19,839
Sweet land of freedom
A country imprisoned

1738
01:37:19,922 --> 01:37:22,341
You shot me with your Reagan
And now you come with Trump

1739
01:37:22,425 --> 01:37:24,927
Prison is a business
USA is the company

1740
01:37:25,011 --> 01:37:27,597
Invest in injustice, fear
And endless suffering

1741
01:37:27,680 --> 01:37:30,182
we see the face
Of hate again

1742
01:37:30,266 --> 01:37:32,727
The same hate, they say
What will make America great again?

1743
01:37:32,810 --> 01:37:35,354
There is no consolation prize
For the dehumanized

1744
01:37:35,438 --> 01:37:37,982
Let America rise
It's a black lives matter

1745
01:37:38,065 --> 01:37:40,610
And we will free them
For them to free us

1746
01:37:40,693 --> 01:37:43,279
America's time to come to Jesus

1747
01:37:43,362 --> 01:37:45,865
- Freedom
- Freedom

1748
01:37:45,948 --> 01:37:48,493
- Freedom is coming
- Yes

1749
01:37:48,576 --> 01:37:51,078
wait

1750
01:37:51,162 --> 01:37:53,665
- It won't be long
- It won't be long

1751
01:37:53,748 --> 01:37:56,333
- Freedom
- Freedom

1752
01:37:56,418 --> 01:37:58,836
- Freedom is coming
- Freedom is coming

1753
01:37:58,920 --> 01:38:01,423
- Wait
- Wait

1754
01:38:01,506 --> 01:38:04,133
- It won't be long
- It won't be long

1755
01:38:04,216 --> 01:38:06,761
- Freedom
- It won't be long

1756
01:38:06,844 --> 01:38:09,388
- Freedom is coming
- Freedom

1757
01:38:09,472 --> 01:38:11,974
- Wait
- Wait

1758
01:38:12,058 --> 01:38:14,602
- It won't be long
- It won't be long

1759
01:38:14,686 --> 01:38:17,188
- Freedom
- Freedom

1760
01:38:17,271 --> 01:38:19,649
- Freedom is coming
- Freedom is coming

1761
01:38:19,732 --> 01:38:22,401
wait

1762
01:38:22,485 --> 01:38:24,987
- It won't be long
- It won't be long

1763
01:38:25,071 --> 01:38:27,657
- Freedom
- It won't be long

1764
01:38:27,740 --> 01:38:30,242
freedom is coming

1765
01:38:30,326 --> 01:38:32,829
- Wait
- Wait

1766
01:38:32,912 --> 01:38:35,540
- It won't be long
- It won't be long

1767
01:38:35,623 --> 01:38:38,042
- Freedom
- It won't be long

1768
01:38:38,125 --> 01:38:40,587
- Freedom is coming
- Freedom is coming

1769
01:38:40,670 --> 01:38:43,172
wait

1770
01:38:43,255 --> 01:38:45,925
- It won't be long
- It won't be long

1771
01:38:46,008 --> 01:38:48,344
- Freedom
- It won't be long

1772
01:38:48,427 --> 01:38:51,055
- Freedom is coming
- Freedom is coming

1773
01:38:51,138 --> 01:38:53,558
- Wait
- Wait

1774
01:38:53,641 --> 01:38:56,143
- It won't be long
- Wait

1775
01:38:56,227 --> 01:38:58,730
- Freedom
- It won't be long

1776
01:38:58,813 --> 01:39:01,398
- Freedom is coming
- Freedom is coming

1777
01:39:01,483 --> 01:39:04,151
wait

1778
01:39:04,235 --> 01:39:06,738
- It won't be long
- Freedom is coming

1779
01:39:06,821 --> 01:39:09,281
Freedom

1780
01:39:09,365 --> 01:39:11,951
- Freedom is coming
- Freedom is coming

1781
01:39:12,034 --> 01:39:14,537
- Wait
- Wait

1782
01:39:14,621 --> 01:39:20,251
- It won't be long
- It won't be long

1783
01:39:24,046 --> 01:39:26,549
It's not long away

1784
01:39:26,633 --> 01:39:33,180
oh freedom

1785
01:39:34,390 --> 01:39:36,518
It's not long away

1786
01:39:45,735 --> 01:39:47,895
Translation: María Marcela Mennucci
Patricia Beatriz Paz