1 00:00:01,520 --> 00:00:06,979 Regarding the Herman Ottó biology competition I got to the Hortobágy Nature Conservation Research Camp, 2 00:00:06,979 --> 00:00:12,304 Where I met like that with people who, as biologists, researched the relationship between landscape and man, 3 00:00:12,304 --> 00:00:19,046 and we then organized a trip as part of a "Landscape and People" folk college that was starting at that time, 4 00:00:19,046 --> 00:00:20,856 which led here to Gyimes. 5 00:00:20,856 --> 00:00:23,895 When we first escaped here in 2004 in March, 6 00:00:23,895 --> 00:00:28,547 Then I grabbed it like this, and then it started the research. 7 00:00:28,547 --> 00:00:30,760 We tried to get to know the vegetation first. 8 00:00:30,760 --> 00:00:36,865 Different we went to habitat types. We marked out squares in lawns, such 4x4 meters, 9 00:00:36,865 --> 00:00:39,748 where we looked at what kind of plants there were, in what quantity. 10 00:00:39,748 --> 00:00:43,467 The people here didn't really understand what we were doing, 11 00:00:43,467 --> 00:00:46,222 and why don't we pick the herbs when we go out on the mountain, 12 00:00:46,222 --> 00:00:49,871 but they sensed that we walk a lot here in the countryside, walking up and down, 13 00:00:49,871 --> 00:00:53,866 and they recognized this performance from a physical point of view. 14 00:00:54,517 --> 00:01:00,000 The landscape must also be kept alive 15 00:01:17,137 --> 00:01:20,555 My parents and grandparents too they were farmers. 16 00:01:21,171 --> 00:01:26,040 I remember when my brother and I were very young and mother went out to milk, 17 00:01:26,040 --> 00:01:29,452 and told us not to do bad things while he is head. Everything was there. 18 00:01:30,392 --> 00:01:32,424 The first thing was to drive the cows in, 19 00:01:32,845 --> 00:01:39,537 and then there was such a thing as having to go outside to stay with the cows, because the bear was there during the day, so as not to kill it them. 20 00:01:39,537 --> 00:01:46,267 Then I had such a memory that my younger brother and I were left alone on a Sunday and we shouted all day long, 21 00:01:46,267 --> 00:01:51,164 that we came home in the evening because when my grandfather came up he said go home and stop yelling 22 00:01:51,164 --> 00:01:52,476 because I heard it all day in the village. 23 00:01:54,420 --> 00:01:58,008 Attila is very committed to this - so-called - external, 24 00:01:58,008 --> 00:02:01,225 somewhat towards traditional forms of farming. 25 00:02:01,225 --> 00:02:08,352 He saw the meaning, the essence and the uniqueness of this whole landscape-man relationship. 26 00:02:08,352 --> 00:02:14,137 Ever since he realized this, he has been trying to do something to help it a little 27 00:02:14,137 --> 00:02:17,719 and prolong its existence. 28 00:02:28,200 --> 00:02:34,823 There was a conference Boros patakai here In Skanzen, Gyimes in the XXI. in the century, 29 00:02:34,823 --> 00:02:39,878 and we were both speakers there. And that's when we actually met 30 00:02:39,878 --> 00:02:41,146 and we talked a lot about 31 00:02:41,146 --> 00:02:47,892 what ideas Attila has regarding the future of farming, the future of Gyimes, 32 00:02:47,892 --> 00:02:49,758 and also about our research. 33 00:02:49,758 --> 00:02:55,269 And it wasn't really difficult for us to tune in to each other on these issues. 34 00:03:12,519 --> 00:03:18,232 My grandfather also mowed - they mowed by hand, didn't they - where he saw a spot where his favorite grasses were in it. 35 00:03:18,232 --> 00:03:21,632 Cows, aren't they they loved him, he left them forever. 36 00:03:22,280 --> 00:03:24,917 They took turns mowing fields early. 37 00:03:24,917 --> 00:03:31,623 So it wasn't that he always mowed the same area at the same time for five years, but changed it every two or three years. 38 00:03:31,623 --> 00:03:34,910 And then the one first used to do, he left it for last. 39 00:03:34,910 --> 00:03:40,885 And then every two or three years there was at least one period when the seed could ripen in the entire colony. 40 00:03:40,885 --> 00:03:45,080 This is how they learned from the elders, not from the scientists. 41 00:03:45,080 --> 00:03:49,222 Uncle Swede took it for him and there were four orchid, just not the kind 42 00:03:49,222 --> 00:03:52,569 the pink that has just a simple pink flower. 43 00:03:53,217 --> 00:03:57,223 There were four pieces, and so beautifully who put stakes next to it, 44 00:03:57,223 --> 00:03:59,684 Don't mow it down! - and thus protected it. 45 00:03:59,684 --> 00:04:03,252 In twenty-odd years already it was impossible to count how much it was. 46 00:04:03,252 --> 00:04:08,516 I'll look it up now, I've never looked at what kind of seeds this orchid has. 47 00:04:08,516 --> 00:04:12,353 Well, this is an orchid that is beautiful, it has beautiful beautiful flowers and I love it very much. 48 00:04:12,353 --> 00:04:16,786 And when we bought this area, there were two or three pieces here, 49 00:04:16,786 --> 00:04:21,505 and then I left it like that in your photos, and now they are multiplying very, very nicely. 50 00:04:22,704 --> 00:04:26,772 And I love it. I come out to the mower and see these beautiful flowers 51 00:04:26,772 --> 00:04:31,271 and knowing that they are there because you took care of them is a good feeling. 52 00:04:31,271 --> 00:04:35,988 We did not know what we have of this beautiful species diversity for the next generation 53 00:04:35,988 --> 00:04:42,689 a so material to create a resource, an opportunity, why and how we can encourage that does it. 54 00:04:43,467 --> 00:04:48,000 And then they go at all, they go west and make a lot of money and hats. 55 00:04:51,960 --> 00:04:56,120 Well, this traditional cheese-making meant life to the Giimes here, 56 00:04:56,120 --> 00:04:59,565 so that's what they lived on, right? So that was it, wasn't it, in the summer, 57 00:04:59,565 --> 00:05:04,577 when there was a large amount of milk, they could put that milk in quotation marks for the winter. 58 00:05:04,577 --> 00:05:07,890 so they were able to preserve it and that was the pressing, wasn't it? 59 00:05:07,890 --> 00:05:10,366 So this was very important. 60 00:05:10,366 --> 00:05:16,198 After all, when our predecessors came here, they fled from the power of the time, right? 61 00:05:16,198 --> 00:05:21,618 and then they hid here, and then we also needed the milk, because, and they lived from it, so from milk and animals 62 00:05:22,280 --> 00:05:25,514 and then pastures, mowers, pastures were important, 63 00:05:25,514 --> 00:05:28,462 and even now the one who does it to this day is 64 00:05:28,462 --> 00:05:33,771 the vast majority do it because have cottage cheese for the winter for your own family. 65 00:05:34,160 --> 00:05:39,374 There was a way of life in Gyimes that has now almost completely disappeared. 66 00:05:39,374 --> 00:05:45,430 The majority of Gymesians were calibas, which means that there were small mountain lodges, 67 00:05:45,430 --> 00:05:48,986 and they moved out for the summer people to the mountain lodges. 68 00:05:48,986 --> 00:05:51,674 The cattle were also up there on the mountain on pastures. 69 00:05:51,674 --> 00:05:54,764 People moved out there and made cheese there. 70 00:05:54,764 --> 00:05:58,637 In general, there is no electricity in these huts either, 71 00:05:58,637 --> 00:06:04,447 nothing like today's lifestyle an important convenience function 72 00:06:04,447 --> 00:06:07,264 or role that would be necessary. 73 00:06:15,880 --> 00:06:20,400 Then I will beat this here and this, and then I will collect it 74 00:06:20,400 --> 00:06:23,920 and squeeze it out, and then you will have the traditional cheese. 75 00:06:26,599 --> 00:06:27,877 - How many cows are being milked now? 76 00:06:27,877 --> 00:06:31,492 - Well, not much. Let's make four heads. And then there is a small calf. 77 00:06:31,492 --> 00:06:34,508 - And this from last night's and this morning's milking? 78 00:06:34,508 --> 00:06:37,836 - It is. That's it. Now I collect 79 00:06:39,359 --> 00:06:41,895 to make all these little things come together. 80 00:06:41,895 --> 00:06:46,102 - Hmm. How many liters is that around here? 81 00:06:46,102 --> 00:06:48,301 - Well, that's about thirty. 82 00:06:54,599 --> 00:06:58,199 - That was thirty liters of cow's milk, wasn't it? How much will that be? 83 00:06:58,199 --> 00:07:00,192 - Three kilos of it. 84 00:07:02,919 --> 00:07:05,120 - And in the past, everyone made the same kind of cheese? 85 00:07:05,120 --> 00:07:10,680 - That's just how they used to do it. Yes. Let's just say it was delicious if you did it right. 86 00:07:10,680 --> 00:07:12,486 - And what does it mean to do it well? 87 00:07:13,847 --> 00:07:20,073 Well, the way I prepare it now, I do it well and it's worth it, then the cheese is delicious. 88 00:07:20,073 --> 00:07:21,361 It turns yellow. 89 00:07:21,361 --> 00:07:25,481 Cheese print. He is so old, he is forty years old. 90 00:07:30,160 --> 00:07:32,159 It's sour, it's stuffed 91 00:07:37,680 --> 00:07:41,720 I don't buy much, just as much as we use up. There will be more wind. 92 00:07:56,840 --> 00:07:58,123 come on 93 00:08:03,879 --> 00:08:06,847 Come here! Come on! 94 00:08:09,199 --> 00:08:11,731 Well, for that! That's it! 95 00:08:13,440 --> 00:08:17,407 - Should Pearl go in? - Gyöngyös must go inside. 96 00:08:29,879 --> 00:08:33,680 Do you still bring Red? 97 00:08:49,320 --> 00:08:53,194 Well, take that over. Will you take it? 98 00:09:09,920 --> 00:09:13,746 And how long have you been doing the farm alone, how long have you been running it? 99 00:09:15,237 --> 00:09:16,385 Well... 100 00:09:17,195 --> 00:09:18,311 ...ever since. 101 00:09:19,154 --> 00:09:21,720 so actually, after all, as I started, 102 00:09:22,887 --> 00:09:27,401 I was with my parents for maybe two or three years, so at least when it comes to hanging out, 103 00:09:28,211 --> 00:09:31,057 We went to the cabin as regular companions. 104 00:09:31,057 --> 00:09:36,592 We also did a lot of work together, because father had to make his hay, didn't he? 105 00:09:36,592 --> 00:09:40,232 and I did mine, and then we actually worked together. 106 00:09:41,237 --> 00:09:44,767 But I've been absolutely alone for about five years. 107 00:09:44,767 --> 00:09:46,787 We check that the milk is good. 108 00:09:46,787 --> 00:09:48,559 - And what are you watching now? - Well, smell it. 109 00:09:48,948 --> 00:09:54,871 But deep down there and for a long, long, long time, with a full lung, to see what it smells like. 110 00:09:55,357 --> 00:10:01,835 And that's when I know from that smell whether the milk is suitable or not from a hygienic point of view. 111 00:10:02,127 --> 00:10:05,603 Well, right now I'm putting in the vaccine, which is a... 112 00:10:09,360 --> 00:10:11,375 ...to tell him, a chemozine. 113 00:10:12,542 --> 00:10:20,087 The calcium molecules thus cling together and they squeeze the water out of the milk. 114 00:10:20,800 --> 00:10:23,739 The whey and the protein remain, don't they, then the cheese. 115 00:10:45,639 --> 00:10:50,644 Is there a young person in the valley whom you think could be your apprentice? 116 00:10:50,644 --> 00:10:53,038 I don't know this child, I really hope so, 117 00:10:53,038 --> 00:10:54,331 but they leave. 118 00:10:55,174 --> 00:10:58,365 So there was such a good lad next door, he helped me for two years. 119 00:10:58,365 --> 00:11:03,220 They start to learn things and when they turn 18, they start looking for work and go west. 120 00:11:04,257 --> 00:11:08,846 Well, with this Arnold, I formulated that it is really here youth keeps young people here. 121 00:11:08,846 --> 00:11:10,581 Nothing else. 122 00:11:10,581 --> 00:11:19,230 And think that here are our predecessors, our leaders, a our parents' generation. 123 00:11:20,040 --> 00:11:24,879 They devoted 18 years of their lives to creating a man, 124 00:11:25,560 --> 00:11:29,452 and they create such conditions for that person that when he turns 18, 125 00:11:29,452 --> 00:11:31,567 then he runs away. 126 00:11:31,960 --> 00:11:36,338 Damn, what are we doing to create such a milieu, that's how let our young people flee. 127 00:11:53,720 --> 00:11:56,006 One type of cheese is usually made in Gyimes, 128 00:11:56,006 --> 00:12:00,008 and everyone and every family made the same traditional Gyimesi cheese. 129 00:12:00,008 --> 00:12:06,686 So when Attila started making these types of cheese and also organized courses, 130 00:12:06,686 --> 00:12:09,629 to try to get others to 131 00:12:09,629 --> 00:12:14,510 to slightly expand the product range of this a form of management. 132 00:12:14,510 --> 00:12:19,434 Back then, many people didn't understand what it was its importance, what is its role. 133 00:12:19,434 --> 00:12:23,788 However, a lot of time has passed now, and many people see that 134 00:12:23,788 --> 00:12:27,425 that Attila can make a living from this form of farming. 135 00:12:27,425 --> 00:12:32,025 And I think this can be an example for young farmers who are thinking about 136 00:12:32,025 --> 00:12:36,698 that they might try to make a living from farming here in this landscape. 137 00:12:37,152 --> 00:12:42,408 I was an industrial alpinist for 11 years, and then when, after 10 years of such hard work, I decided 138 00:12:42,408 --> 00:12:47,008 that we should come home, because it is too dangerous and too difficult, then we came home. 139 00:12:47,008 --> 00:12:50,943 We made a small guest house out of my grandfather's house with a porch. 140 00:12:50,943 --> 00:12:54,051 Well, being here, we saw how much the guests like this landscape, 141 00:12:54,051 --> 00:12:59,567 and we soon realized that these guests come here because we have this beautiful landscape, 142 00:12:59,567 --> 00:13:01,849 and what is this beautiful landscape made of? - Well, from cultivating it. 143 00:13:01,849 --> 00:13:05,545 We've been walking the mountains from morning to night for a very long time, haven't we. 144 00:13:05,545 --> 00:13:11,055 The ones we got to know, Attila Sárig, isn't it, the one who has his mower, his pasture here. 145 00:13:11,055 --> 00:13:14,150 We really like the way you approach nature. 146 00:13:14,150 --> 00:13:16,954 He showed how the herbs could be transferred into 147 00:13:16,954 --> 00:13:19,187 that now the cow grazes and you get the cheese, but through this much greater mystery, 148 00:13:19,187 --> 00:13:23,073 how he approaches it. 149 00:13:23,073 --> 00:13:32,040 And he once looked at me like that and said that you have to come over there, Ildi! Curiosity drives us, we really want to experience the night here. 150 00:13:32,040 --> 00:13:35,550 - Can any of the men mow? - I wouldn't brag about it, 151 00:13:35,550 --> 00:13:38,416 but we are happy to try. 152 00:13:38,416 --> 00:13:45,240 - I'm asking you not to cut your hands when you're swinging the mower and if it starts rattling really, really hard, this wedge will slip out, 153 00:13:45,240 --> 00:13:51,996 then tell us to hit it so that it doesn't get lost, because if it falls out, a new one has to be made. 154 00:13:52,561 --> 00:13:55,480 I'm cutting this just so you can see how it can be cut. 155 00:13:58,279 --> 00:14:01,374 - What was the most you mowed? 156 00:14:03,519 --> 00:14:04,683 Half a hectare. 157 00:14:04,683 --> 00:14:07,542 Anyone who breaks a scythe handle must go home. 158 00:14:16,399 --> 00:14:20,480 The tourists came, they loved it Gyimest, but not because it was the guest house, 159 00:14:20,480 --> 00:14:24,534 but because there was this beautiful landscape. And then I said 160 00:14:24,534 --> 00:14:30,139 that something must be done that keeps the landscape alive. 161 00:14:30,959 --> 00:14:35,607 And so what did he do? this landscape? Well, a lot of animal husbandry. 162 00:14:35,607 --> 00:14:40,074 And then I realized that shall we see 163 00:14:40,074 --> 00:14:41,628 what can be done with this milk. 164 00:14:41,628 --> 00:14:45,755 And then it was clear that Gyimes cheese was out of the question, because it has no price. 165 00:14:45,755 --> 00:14:50,546 And the other thing was that I really, really liked aged cheese, 166 00:14:50,546 --> 00:14:59,399 you could get very little and then I started experimenting to see what I could do and they turned out to be very good experiments. 167 00:14:59,399 --> 00:15:04,795 Then I started going to masters, also attend trainings, 168 00:15:04,795 --> 00:15:12,142 and then 13 years passed. And last year I got a bronze qualification at the world championships. 169 00:15:13,471 --> 00:15:17,080 About 10 years ago, I started doing it more seriously. 170 00:15:17,080 --> 00:15:21,137 And then it was covid that really turned this thing around, 171 00:15:21,137 --> 00:15:25,281 that tourism stopped then, didn't the guests come, 172 00:15:25,281 --> 00:15:29,040 and then from there I tried to compensate a little for that income by making cheese, 173 00:15:29,040 --> 00:15:31,572 which we have lost to tourists. 174 00:15:31,572 --> 00:15:35,482 It's just a lot more work, an awful lot more work. 175 00:15:36,471 --> 00:15:40,512 Because in many cases they think that such a cheese is made like hip-hop pikk-pakk 176 00:15:40,512 --> 00:15:48,558 and the biggest obstacle there is that they are inundated and don't understand that good cheese requires good milk. 177 00:15:48,558 --> 00:15:53,319 As long as we don't have good milk, we can talk about any cheese making. 178 00:15:53,319 --> 00:15:59,160 So now the other problem, which also started in Gyimesek, is that 179 00:15:59,160 --> 00:16:04,376 wrap his hay in foil, and not from it it is possible to make such aged cheeses. 180 00:16:05,959 --> 00:16:09,600 It's only dry hay, if you get it animal, 181 00:16:09,600 --> 00:16:12,667 you can only make aged cheese from dry hay to make 182 00:16:12,667 --> 00:16:17,688 So it is certain that the landscape that consists of these a 183 00:16:20,480 --> 00:16:25,560 it comes from very species-rich lawns and mowers, it's completely different 184 00:16:25,560 --> 00:16:29,094 has a flavor like that which a it will be flat grass. 185 00:16:34,560 --> 00:16:35,769 And good. 186 00:16:36,617 --> 00:16:37,887 - This is worm cheese. 187 00:16:37,887 --> 00:16:43,226 - Is that what you call earthworm cheese? Children, let's say children, called it worm cheese. 188 00:16:43,226 --> 00:16:47,838 But they really like it because they can play with it. 189 00:16:47,838 --> 00:16:51,856 - And do they evaluate your work in Gyimesbükk or Áldamás? 190 00:16:51,856 --> 00:17:02,480 - Well, I think many people respect him now for what he is what I do, what I have achieved. 191 00:17:02,480 --> 00:17:05,078 But, unfortunately, there are those who... 192 00:17:06,775 --> 00:17:08,658 ...is jealous in a silly way. 193 00:18:07,960 --> 00:18:13,618 I have to say that if the area-based subsidies had not existed in the last 10 years, 194 00:18:14,466 --> 00:18:16,989 here for the mowers at least 50%, 195 00:18:16,989 --> 00:18:19,823 at least 50%, which is now, would not have. 196 00:18:19,823 --> 00:18:22,736 So people actually did it for money. 197 00:18:23,188 --> 00:18:29,704 Shopping centers appeared, didn't they, and from then on, so there was no need for this food anymore, 198 00:18:29,704 --> 00:18:35,638 which these mowers stored. Europe is also sure to be increasingly rare and increasingly valuable. 199 00:18:36,486 --> 00:18:39,556 But the sad thing for me is that it is not like that we can use it. 200 00:18:39,556 --> 00:18:46,285 If they could get to the point where the Gimes farmers, to sit down with dairy farmers and understand them, 201 00:18:47,246 --> 00:18:50,743 what should be changed in their milking technique with the machine 202 00:18:50,743 --> 00:18:52,925 to make their milk much better. 203 00:18:52,925 --> 00:18:59,559 - And what do you think, could this be an attractive career for young people as well, if this can be solved? 204 00:18:59,559 --> 00:19:02,760 - I dare not say that, it will be attractive. but there are a couple of young farmers, 205 00:19:02,760 --> 00:19:06,796 with whom it might be possible to understand they would understand and be serious about it, 206 00:19:06,796 --> 00:19:11,464 and it could be a very serious long-ripened cheese make it from fruit milk, 207 00:19:11,464 --> 00:19:16,098 which could be a world-famous cheese, all you need is a a farmer who... 208 00:19:17,031 --> 00:19:19,261 ...yes, he does the milking very diligently, 209 00:19:19,261 --> 00:19:22,790 because the cow has fantastic milk in her udder. 210 00:19:51,520 --> 00:19:56,509 We were out in a Kaliban with my supervisor Zsolt Molnár and an elderly married couple, 211 00:19:56,509 --> 00:19:58,357 With Uncle Gyurka and Aunt Marika. 212 00:19:58,357 --> 00:20:04,554 And all day we visited the mowers, talked about the plants, we picked mushrooms 213 00:20:04,554 --> 00:20:12,000 in the evening we roasted mushrooms on the stove, and then when it got dark, we went over to his barn floor and into the hay, 214 00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:14,470 to sleep there in our sleeping bags. 215 00:20:14,470 --> 00:20:22,244 And when we settled down, Uncle Gyurka came out of the hut, sat down on the steps of the hut, and started to play notes on the flute. 216 00:20:22,244 --> 00:20:26,051 It's hard to describe this atmosphere in words right now. 217 00:20:26,051 --> 00:20:31,200 But the fact that it is a landscape of incredible richness, 218 00:20:31,200 --> 00:20:33,670 both biologically and culturally, 219 00:20:33,670 --> 00:20:40,960 which there are practically few places in the world where you can experience it, I think, in this unit 220 00:20:40,960 --> 00:20:44,371 and in such mutual interdependence as here. 221 00:20:45,360 --> 00:20:49,600 Hi! How empty your shops are! 222 00:20:53,440 --> 00:20:58,920 And are you unloading them all now? Go ahead and don't spend time with him, then he will solve the situation for me. 223 00:21:07,440 --> 00:21:10,799 - And why do you think it's important to do it again? 224 00:21:10,799 --> 00:21:13,638 - Well, if I go out a to the mountainside, then let me see 225 00:21:13,638 --> 00:21:18,000 that is a little more beautiful. Although it's what I need let me do it. 226 00:21:18,480 --> 00:21:22,526 I like it. Really, as if here I like to travel a lot 227 00:21:22,526 --> 00:21:27,120 and if I go somewhere in our mountains, it feels very good to know that 228 00:21:27,120 --> 00:21:30,102 that they are so beautiful because I do the same. 229 00:21:30,102 --> 00:21:35,039 And then at least that's how it should be for me. So I don't want to force this on my children, so to speak. 230 00:21:35,039 --> 00:21:39,342 and for the next generation, that this is what should be done. 231 00:21:39,342 --> 00:21:43,271 But I don't expect them to. But I'm like that 232 00:21:43,271 --> 00:21:48,440 I have such a personal feeling that I want to do this for myself. 233 00:21:48,440 --> 00:21:53,108 We were also there with the Norwegians and this is how I thought about what friends and acquaintances said, 234 00:21:53,108 --> 00:21:55,820 so stay, it's so good there, don't come there. 235 00:21:55,820 --> 00:22:00,362 What's going to happen to everything at home, dammit? - I can't leave it here. 236 00:22:00,362 --> 00:22:03,604 And the thing is, I feel this is mine. I know it's mine. 237 00:22:03,604 --> 00:22:07,962 It's so small, poor thing, but it's mine. 238 00:22:07,962 --> 00:22:13,211 And I went out one September. And when I came home, after a month, 239 00:22:13,211 --> 00:22:21,360 and I saw what the yard looks like at home, my grandfather's yard, where I used to live, right? 240 00:22:21,360 --> 00:22:25,320 then I told Kálmán, when he called me the next time, that you know what, Kálmán, 241 00:22:25,320 --> 00:22:31,661 I don't go out there anymore. Why? So that I can build the huge empire of the Swedes anyway. 242 00:22:31,661 --> 00:22:34,680 I come home and start building my little empire.