1 00:00:03,760 --> 00:00:07,080 - Quite a sight. - True. 2 00:00:07,240 --> 00:00:12,960 We built a machine to get there on a journey to the universe from home. 3 00:00:13,960 --> 00:00:17,200 The Hubble Space Telescope is more than 25 years old. 4 00:00:18,640 --> 00:00:23,840 In that time it has become everyone's the most famous telescope of all time. 5 00:00:24,000 --> 00:00:28,600 Hubble is a great example about the power of human perseverance- 6 00:00:28,760 --> 00:00:32,200 -which is constantly expanding the limits of knowledge. 7 00:00:32,360 --> 00:00:37,600 In the beginning, Hubble was a national disgrace. 8 00:00:37,760 --> 00:00:40,520 How could I be so stupid? 9 00:00:40,680 --> 00:00:45,440 This is the story of a telescope, which nearly broke up NASA. 10 00:00:45,600 --> 00:00:48,400 As narrators, they who designed it- 11 00:00:48,560 --> 00:00:50,680 -and repaired at the risk of their lives- 12 00:00:50,840 --> 00:00:55,080 -and who still do it amazing discoveries today. 13 00:00:55,240 --> 00:01:01,880 It represents our expertise excellence in space exploration. 14 00:01:06,800 --> 00:01:11,240 Welcome to space. Have a nice trip. 15 00:01:15,120 --> 00:01:18,080 Happens in the universe interesting things. 16 00:01:18,240 --> 00:01:22,960 Science always advances as we explore something interesting and new. 17 00:01:23,120 --> 00:01:26,320 The story of the Hubble Space Telescope- 18 00:01:26,480 --> 00:01:30,120 - tells about hard expectations and adversity. 19 00:01:30,280 --> 00:01:33,160 Above all, it tells of determination. 20 00:01:33,320 --> 00:01:38,640 For example, owned by Charlie Peller for the project 10 years of his life. 21 00:01:40,160 --> 00:01:42,240 Head of the Department of Astrophysics 22 00:01:42,400 --> 00:01:46,440 I have never seen such magnifications. 23 00:01:46,600 --> 00:01:51,560 All these details seeing feels incredible. 24 00:01:53,160 --> 00:01:57,720 I'm lucky to be alive now for we are on a wonderful journey- 25 00:01:57,880 --> 00:02:01,560 -which started with the Hubble telescope. 26 00:02:01,720 --> 00:02:04,000 After 25 years in space- 27 00:02:04,160 --> 00:02:08,680 -Hubble has become humanity synonymous with thirst for information. 28 00:02:16,360 --> 00:02:21,200 Named after Edwin Hubble Earth orbiting observatory- 29 00:02:21,360 --> 00:02:27,000 -is the largest ever launched: over 13 m long and weighing more than 12 tons. 30 00:02:27,160 --> 00:02:30,120 It is longer and heavier like a school bus. 31 00:02:30,280 --> 00:02:34,760 Still, it consumes the same amount of power like a tumble dryer. 32 00:02:36,560 --> 00:02:40,880 The inside 2.4 meter wide mirror 33 00:02:41,040 --> 00:02:47,120 -separates even the faintest single points from the edge of space. 34 00:02:47,280 --> 00:02:53,240 Before Hubble, pictures like this did not exist. 35 00:02:53,400 --> 00:02:58,360 The idea of a telescope in space raised high hopes. 36 00:02:58,520 --> 00:03:01,440 What wonders would we see? 37 00:03:01,600 --> 00:03:06,680 The ability to see deeper into space like never before- 38 00:03:06,840 --> 00:03:11,600 - would allow us to reform our theories about the universe. 39 00:03:11,760 --> 00:03:14,760 Much was expected of Hubble. 40 00:03:14,920 --> 00:03:20,560 We could see a hundred times more details- 41 00:03:20,720 --> 00:03:25,280 -and items that were before were too dim to see. 42 00:03:25,440 --> 00:03:31,200 Astronomer Lyman Spitzer suggested space telescope in the 1940s. 43 00:03:31,360 --> 00:03:36,800 In the 60s, NASA started planning A research station orbiting the Earth. 44 00:03:36,960 --> 00:03:40,800 The principle is simple. Taking a telescope into space 45 00:03:40,960 --> 00:03:46,040 -which has above the atmosphere unobstructed view of the stars. 46 00:03:46,200 --> 00:03:50,800 In practice, the technical of the device the implementation turns out to be a nightmare. 47 00:03:50,960 --> 00:03:57,000 Even holding the telescope steady requires a new kind of technology. 48 00:03:59,200 --> 00:04:04,040 There is no joy for the photographer from a high-precision camera- 49 00:04:04,200 --> 00:04:07,480 -if the hand is shaking. 50 00:04:07,640 --> 00:04:12,520 A space telescope does not take good pictures if it vibrates. 51 00:04:12,680 --> 00:04:17,880 Hubble's resolution was 0.007 arcseconds. 52 00:04:18,040 --> 00:04:23,560 If you could with the same accuracy aim the laser beam 53 00:04:23,720 --> 00:04:26,880 -which would leave From the top of the Washington Monument- 54 00:04:27,040 --> 00:04:33,240 -beam could shoot all the way to New York 300 kilometers away- 55 00:04:33,400 --> 00:04:37,560 -and hit the 10-cent coin On top of the Empire State Building. 56 00:04:37,720 --> 00:04:42,440 And that's not all, but the beam could keep Roosevelt in mind. 57 00:04:42,600 --> 00:04:45,920 That's how accurate it is 0.007 arcsec/pixel. 58 00:04:49,240 --> 00:04:53,480 He does most of the technical work a company called Perkin Elmer. 59 00:04:53,640 --> 00:04:56,520 The mission is held there as well as impossible. 60 00:04:56,680 --> 00:05:02,520 When I saw the requirements for the first time I thought we couldn't do that. 61 00:05:02,680 --> 00:05:07,520 We had a lot of experience, but it felt like a big challenge. 62 00:05:07,680 --> 00:05:12,080 I said we'd do it even if it is impossible. 63 00:05:12,240 --> 00:05:18,200 Hubble's mirrors must be unprecedentedly accurate. 64 00:05:18,360 --> 00:05:23,400 To be the best, the mirrors had to be the smoothest in the world. 65 00:05:23,560 --> 00:05:26,920 It requires the entire surface of the mirror accuracy- 66 00:05:27,080 --> 00:05:30,320 -which is measured in millionths of a centimeter. 67 00:05:30,480 --> 00:05:35,240 I'll give you a metaphor. Let's say that we grind the surface of the earth. 68 00:05:35,400 --> 00:05:39,920 We grind it as smooth like Hubble's mirror. 69 00:05:40,080 --> 00:05:44,480 The largest mountain would be 10 centimeters high. It's pretty smooth. 70 00:05:45,480 --> 00:05:51,160 The main mirror is engraved ton glass piece and ground smooth- 71 00:05:51,320 --> 00:05:57,800 -with a rotating grinding wheel, which were controlled by computers for the first time. 72 00:05:57,960 --> 00:06:01,680 It is a slow and delicate process. 73 00:06:01,840 --> 00:06:06,600 The danger is that when smoothing the surface there will be a hole in the mirror. 74 00:06:06,760 --> 00:06:10,440 Lasting up to 70 hours after sanding treatments- 75 00:06:10,600 --> 00:06:15,400 -in this chamber we measure how near the glass is the desired shape. 76 00:06:17,760 --> 00:06:22,400 Perkin Elmer realizes quickly, that to make a perfect mirror- 77 00:06:22,560 --> 00:06:26,280 -takes a lot of evaluation more time. 78 00:06:26,440 --> 00:06:30,720 We got phone calls in the middle of the night. 79 00:06:30,880 --> 00:06:34,560 We had to go to the factory to see what's going on. 80 00:06:34,720 --> 00:06:38,680 I worked 12-15 hour days for a long time. 81 00:06:38,840 --> 00:06:42,040 It was part of the job description. 82 00:06:42,200 --> 00:06:47,760 Funds were cut, schedule was cut was unreasonably extorted. 83 00:06:47,920 --> 00:06:52,240 We weren't allowed to security measures. 84 00:06:52,400 --> 00:06:58,240 NASA's Charlie Pellerin finally has responsible for the completion of Hubble. 85 00:06:58,400 --> 00:07:03,680 Perkin Elmerin was always to blame, because it did the hardest part. 86 00:07:03,840 --> 00:07:08,760 NASA management always ordered to harass the contractor. 87 00:07:08,920 --> 00:07:12,040 It was a difficult experience for everyone. 88 00:07:12,200 --> 00:07:14,320 The reason was not lack of skill- 89 00:07:14,480 --> 00:07:19,760 -but in the fact that this job was harder than anyone expected. 90 00:07:19,920 --> 00:07:23,920 we did something which had not been done before. 91 00:07:24,080 --> 00:07:28,160 Lack of time and money NASA abandoned final testing- 92 00:07:28,320 --> 00:07:31,800 -against the wishes of the engineers. 93 00:07:31,960 --> 00:07:37,640 Bud and I looked at each other. I got up in a rage. 94 00:07:37,800 --> 00:07:39,920 Bud put a hand on my shoulder. 95 00:07:40,080 --> 00:07:45,240 I was just as angry as he was- 96 00:07:45,400 --> 00:07:49,160 -because they had decided, that the mirror is ready. 97 00:07:49,320 --> 00:07:53,120 Perkin Elmer's decision waive final testing- 98 00:07:53,280 --> 00:07:55,840 -not forwarded to Pellerin. 99 00:07:56,000 --> 00:07:59,280 Perkin Elmer didn't tell us things- 100 00:07:59,440 --> 00:08:02,600 -which they guessed pissing us off. 101 00:08:02,760 --> 00:08:05,040 I was 38 when I got that job. 102 00:08:05,200 --> 00:08:08,680 I had never led such a project. 103 00:08:08,840 --> 00:08:13,880 I assumed that others knew what they were doing, but i was wrong. 104 00:08:14,040 --> 00:08:18,720 In the middle of the rush, it was left on the mirror serious error 105 00:08:18,880 --> 00:08:21,040 -and no one noticed. 106 00:08:23,200 --> 00:08:25,480 After six years of toil- 107 00:08:25,640 --> 00:08:30,320 -Perkin Elmer supplied the mirror in 1985. 108 00:08:30,480 --> 00:08:35,600 It was a relief to many who were pressed for a long day. 109 00:08:35,760 --> 00:08:39,520 Finally they got the mirror in their hands. 110 00:08:39,680 --> 00:08:42,000 We were excited- 111 00:08:42,160 --> 00:08:46,760 -but we also knew that our lives would change. 112 00:08:48,080 --> 00:08:52,120 In January 1986 NASA space shuttles- 113 00:08:52,280 --> 00:08:55,480 - in their hold the telescope had to be carried- 114 00:08:55,640 --> 00:08:59,520 - will be banned from flying. 115 00:09:08,040 --> 00:09:12,000 73 seconds after launch Challenger shuttle explodes- 116 00:09:12,160 --> 00:09:16,800 -and seven astronauts die. 117 00:09:16,960 --> 00:09:22,560 Take backups of your screens, protect all relevant data. 118 00:09:22,720 --> 00:09:25,080 The nation is in the grip of grief. 119 00:09:25,240 --> 00:09:28,280 Those who have owned their lives for Hubble- 120 00:09:28,440 --> 00:09:30,520 -experience another loss. 121 00:09:30,680 --> 00:09:34,360 The telescope had to be in use after half a year. 122 00:09:34,520 --> 00:09:40,040 Then we heard, that the shuttle has exploded. 123 00:09:44,320 --> 00:09:49,080 Shuttle flights are suspended, and Hubble's future is uncertain. 124 00:09:49,240 --> 00:09:51,280 But we won't give up. 125 00:09:51,440 --> 00:09:56,480 A Hubble-like project not left unfinished. 126 00:09:56,640 --> 00:09:59,800 Hubble's dream never died. 127 00:10:01,760 --> 00:10:05,400 Shuttle ban lasts almost 3 years. 128 00:10:05,560 --> 00:10:09,280 The Hubble launch is moving by four years. 129 00:10:10,480 --> 00:10:12,880 Ready to launch. 130 00:10:16,360 --> 00:10:21,080 Main engine start. 6, 5, 4- 131 00:10:21,240 --> 00:10:24,960 -3, 2, 1. Departure. 132 00:10:25,120 --> 00:10:31,920 Shuttle Discovery carries Hubble Space Telescope. 133 00:10:32,080 --> 00:10:37,560 We knew that on top of that smokestack your journey instrument- 134 00:10:37,720 --> 00:10:41,920 -which was immeasurably valuable to the world- 135 00:10:42,080 --> 00:10:45,120 -and also for our own career. 136 00:10:45,280 --> 00:10:48,080 Discovery, full power. 137 00:10:48,240 --> 00:10:51,000 Almost 600 kilometers emerging Discovery 138 00:10:51,160 --> 00:10:55,640 -takes the observation station higher than any shuttle has flown. 139 00:10:55,800 --> 00:10:59,920 Hubble will be exported as much as possible far above Earth's atmosphere. 140 00:11:04,000 --> 00:11:07,240 It's time to release the telescope. 141 00:11:07,400 --> 00:11:10,600 We had practiced a year or a half- 142 00:11:10,760 --> 00:11:15,200 -Getting Hubble in and out. 143 00:11:15,360 --> 00:11:18,560 Discovery, you can disconnect the connection cable. 144 00:11:18,720 --> 00:11:20,840 Clear. 145 00:11:23,120 --> 00:11:26,920 Hubble is now working with internal batteries. 146 00:11:27,080 --> 00:11:32,280 The clock is working. Solar panels are a must unload as quickly as possible. 147 00:11:35,600 --> 00:11:39,560 The panels open like a roller blind are important. 148 00:11:39,720 --> 00:11:43,840 Without the power they produce, the telescope does not work. 149 00:11:49,960 --> 00:11:54,480 We gave the order and the first the panel opened perfectly. 150 00:11:56,280 --> 00:11:59,480 Then another panel began to open- 151 00:11:59,640 --> 00:12:03,640 -but somewhere around 40 cents it just stuck. 152 00:12:03,800 --> 00:12:07,880 Everyone worked for hours. 153 00:12:08,040 --> 00:12:13,640 The panels are allowed to fit like that. You can't stay the night. 154 00:12:13,800 --> 00:12:17,920 Story Musgrave keeps in touch from the shuttle's control center. 155 00:12:18,080 --> 00:12:24,880 Opening the solar panels yielded big difficulties for the control center. 156 00:12:25,040 --> 00:12:30,640 The power came from the sun. If the panels would not point towards the sun- 157 00:12:30,800 --> 00:12:35,320 -the telescope's journey could end before it even started. 158 00:12:35,480 --> 00:12:39,200 Without solar panels batteries drain quickly. 159 00:12:39,360 --> 00:12:42,960 Control center must act quickly. 160 00:12:43,120 --> 00:12:46,560 I thought we were going to destroy Hubble in the beginning meters. 161 00:12:46,720 --> 00:12:52,320 There is limited power. When it runs out, the telescope turns off. 162 00:12:52,480 --> 00:12:56,960 I need answers now. We have four minutes. 163 00:12:58,120 --> 00:13:01,920 20 years of work and billions of dollars are at stake. 164 00:13:02,080 --> 00:13:07,840 You have to get the stuck panel to act before time runs out. 165 00:13:13,080 --> 00:13:15,680 The Hubble telescope is in danger. 166 00:13:15,840 --> 00:13:19,280 One of its solar panels does not open. 167 00:13:20,960 --> 00:13:26,440 The sensor indicates that the panel the tension is too high. 168 00:13:26,600 --> 00:13:30,760 We believe that the excitement is in control there is a problem with the software. 169 00:13:30,920 --> 00:13:33,600 The sensors detected load- 170 00:13:33,760 --> 00:13:37,600 -which blocked the engines from opening panels. 171 00:13:37,760 --> 00:13:43,360 NASA needs to figure out how to turn off a faulty sensor. 172 00:13:43,520 --> 00:13:48,880 It had its risks, because the panel would begin to open forcefully- 173 00:13:49,040 --> 00:13:52,640 -and it could fall apart. 174 00:13:52,800 --> 00:13:54,920 We have to get on with it. 175 00:13:55,080 --> 00:13:58,720 NASA takes the risk and turns off the sensor- 176 00:13:58,880 --> 00:14:01,560 - so that the panel would start moving. 177 00:14:01,720 --> 00:14:04,400 We turn off the tension sensor. 178 00:14:04,560 --> 00:14:07,920 You can start it. 179 00:14:12,840 --> 00:14:15,320 We see movement. 180 00:14:16,760 --> 00:14:20,680 Another panel opened ready for use. 181 00:14:20,840 --> 00:14:24,240 Payload, your turn. 182 00:14:24,400 --> 00:14:26,200 You can release the cargo. 183 00:14:26,360 --> 00:14:32,000 We finally got permission release the telescope. 184 00:14:32,160 --> 00:14:35,000 I release the telescope. 185 00:14:35,160 --> 00:14:40,360 Then we got the order to cancel from the telescope. 186 00:14:45,200 --> 00:14:51,280 We looked at Earth past Hubble, which floated over South America. 187 00:14:55,680 --> 00:15:01,080 We watched it for the next few days. It looked like a bright star. 188 00:15:01,240 --> 00:15:05,080 That's Hubble. 189 00:15:05,240 --> 00:15:10,120 We felt it would be truly revolutionary our understanding of the universe. 190 00:15:10,280 --> 00:15:13,280 It was breathtaking. 191 00:15:15,160 --> 00:15:21,880 Only when Hubble is in orbit, the malfunction of the mirror is resolved. 192 00:15:22,040 --> 00:15:26,280 The first picture was put on the screen. 193 00:15:26,440 --> 00:15:30,880 We looked at it and said: 194 00:15:31,040 --> 00:15:35,800 "We didn't expect that." 195 00:15:35,960 --> 00:15:41,760 The senator who obtained the funding Barbara Mikulski is horrified. 196 00:15:41,920 --> 00:15:45,240 We couldn't wait first pictures. 197 00:15:45,400 --> 00:15:49,600 Then my staff came to say, that it doesn't work. 198 00:15:50,600 --> 00:15:53,800 This is a huge setback to all concerned. 199 00:15:53,960 --> 00:15:57,800 Especially for those who owned for it years of his life. 200 00:15:57,960 --> 00:16:00,520 One of them is astronomer John Trauger. 201 00:16:00,680 --> 00:16:06,600 In the first pictures, the star had sharp core as we expected- 202 00:16:06,760 --> 00:16:10,480 -but it also had a hem, what we didn't expect. 203 00:16:10,640 --> 00:16:13,400 Hubble's mirror has a bad problem. 204 00:16:13,560 --> 00:16:17,680 Rays hitting the edges of the mirror target a different place- 205 00:16:17,840 --> 00:16:19,680 -like they hit the middle. 206 00:16:19,840 --> 00:16:22,320 That's why the pictures are inaccurate. 207 00:16:22,480 --> 00:16:25,280 The telescope is almost useless. 208 00:16:25,440 --> 00:16:31,440 June 27, 1990 bad news let's tell the world. 209 00:16:31,600 --> 00:16:37,720 If the fault is so typical, why wasn't it noticed on the ground? 210 00:16:37,880 --> 00:16:44,680 The first thing I thought was that we don't were allowed to take the last measurements. 211 00:16:44,840 --> 00:16:48,000 It got expensive. 212 00:16:48,160 --> 00:16:50,840 Suddenly we started reminiscing about the past. 213 00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:57,640 We did warn them, that the final tests must be done. 214 00:16:57,800 --> 00:17:00,200 How could I be so stupid? 215 00:17:00,360 --> 00:17:02,920 I was the team leader. 216 00:17:03,080 --> 00:17:09,120 We made a terrible mistake, which I only realized afterwards. 217 00:17:09,280 --> 00:17:13,800 Criticism definitely not improve work performance. 218 00:17:13,960 --> 00:17:18,280 It would be dishonest to say that scientists are satisfied. 219 00:17:18,440 --> 00:17:20,680 We are all frustrated. 220 00:17:20,840 --> 00:17:25,520 We feel that you can't do it with a camera proper research done. 221 00:17:25,680 --> 00:17:28,280 That's all. 222 00:17:28,440 --> 00:17:33,960 I dedicated my life to the project. It was absolutely crushing. 223 00:17:34,120 --> 00:17:37,840 Two months earlier I had been in the hills of happiness. 224 00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:44,520 Hubble became a large scale symbol of failure. 225 00:17:44,680 --> 00:17:49,760 It was quite a setback, and it took its toll. 226 00:17:50,960 --> 00:17:55,400 Even Barbara Mikulski converts against the telescope and the builders. 227 00:17:55,560 --> 00:17:59,000 They had 10 years for construction. 228 00:17:59,160 --> 00:18:03,560 They spent on it 2.8 billion dollars. 229 00:18:03,720 --> 00:18:08,120 Now it turns out that the telescope has a cataract. 230 00:18:08,280 --> 00:18:14,000 He yelled angrily and put his fingers against my chest. 231 00:18:14,160 --> 00:18:17,840 “Charlie, this mess must be made to disappear." 232 00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:20,720 "We forget the whole nightmare." 233 00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:22,960 Hubble's support is fading. 234 00:18:23,120 --> 00:18:28,120 It seems like a dream of the space telescope has been buried. 235 00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:34,440 In 1990, the Hubble telescope is in the middle of a crisis. 236 00:18:34,600 --> 00:18:40,920 Astronomer Chris Burrows has an important role in locating the mirror fault. 237 00:18:41,080 --> 00:18:43,080 It was intense. 238 00:18:43,240 --> 00:18:47,280 I could spend days in the office. 239 00:18:47,440 --> 00:18:51,200 Finally, the data revealed, what was wrong with the mirror. 240 00:18:51,360 --> 00:18:55,480 Kaari threw from the rim by a couple millionths of a cent- 241 00:18:55,640 --> 00:18:58,800 -why the rays of light dispersed. 242 00:18:58,960 --> 00:19:02,960 Now you have to figure out how to fix the error. 243 00:19:03,120 --> 00:19:07,440 We came up with about 46 different ideas to fix the fault. 244 00:19:07,600 --> 00:19:12,480 Some of the crazy ideas were mine. 245 00:19:12,640 --> 00:19:17,360 I suggested installing a fixer in front of the telescope. 246 00:19:17,520 --> 00:19:21,440 Someone suggested that astronauts would climb into the device- 247 00:19:21,600 --> 00:19:26,360 -and would try cover the main mirror with something. 248 00:19:26,520 --> 00:19:29,000 There were many ideas. 249 00:19:29,160 --> 00:19:31,520 Hubble has 5 important instruments- 250 00:19:31,680 --> 00:19:35,200 -who have access to the defective image of the mirror. 251 00:19:35,360 --> 00:19:39,600 One of them is the WFPC camera. 252 00:19:39,760 --> 00:19:44,320 Its pictures should be the most amazing ever taken from the universe. 253 00:19:46,000 --> 00:19:51,120 A camera designed to be replaced a successor is already being built. 254 00:19:51,280 --> 00:19:53,480 It is decided to install it in place- 255 00:19:53,640 --> 00:19:58,480 -Arranged to fix Hubble during a maintenance flight. 256 00:19:58,640 --> 00:20:05,320 We had to build a camera that was just as flawed as Hubble. 257 00:20:05,480 --> 00:20:11,560 In the optical system of the camera there are four small mirrors. 258 00:20:11,720 --> 00:20:15,200 If the mirrors are curved in the opposite direction- 259 00:20:15,360 --> 00:20:17,920 -the picture will be perfect. 260 00:20:18,080 --> 00:20:21,800 Other devices need their own solutions. 261 00:20:21,960 --> 00:20:27,640 Engineers design mirrors, which correct the image of the main mirror. 262 00:20:27,800 --> 00:20:31,760 The problem is matching them to the telescope. 263 00:20:31,920 --> 00:20:35,240 Hubble consists of modules. 264 00:20:35,400 --> 00:20:41,040 The camera can be removed and replaced with a box the size of a phone booth- 265 00:20:41,200 --> 00:20:46,880 -which opens mechanically periscope-like protrusion 266 00:20:47,040 --> 00:20:49,640 -which corrects the light beam- 267 00:20:49,800 --> 00:20:54,160 -before it goes to cameras and spectrographs. 268 00:20:54,320 --> 00:20:57,640 The positioning of the repair mirrors was awkward. 269 00:20:57,800 --> 00:21:04,080 We think all the time, shall we get it completely wrong. 270 00:21:04,240 --> 00:21:06,840 Expectations are growing- 271 00:21:07,000 --> 00:21:11,320 -and it's not just about anymore about repairing the telescope. 272 00:21:11,480 --> 00:21:17,920 For NASA, Hubble was significant other than in terms of astronomy. 273 00:21:18,080 --> 00:21:21,920 They said it wasn't just be about Hubble's future- 274 00:21:22,080 --> 00:21:28,000 -but maybe the entire shuttle program, even the entire space agency. 275 00:21:28,160 --> 00:21:33,480 So the pressure was on high to say the least. 276 00:21:33,640 --> 00:21:37,480 The astronaut team begins training making repairs. 277 00:21:37,640 --> 00:21:40,800 Story Musgrave will be recruited first. 278 00:21:40,960 --> 00:21:46,320 After working on Hubble For 18 years, he is the most qualified for the job. 279 00:21:46,480 --> 00:21:52,920 I was responsible for the payload. There was enough work and planning. 280 00:21:53,080 --> 00:21:57,440 We hit it hard and we did what we had to. 281 00:21:57,600 --> 00:22:01,600 My group was great. 282 00:22:01,760 --> 00:22:05,320 I've never worked with such a group. 283 00:22:05,480 --> 00:22:11,480 There were people from contractors, from universities, NASA headquarters. 284 00:22:11,640 --> 00:22:15,040 Everyone wanted to live up to expectations. 285 00:22:16,880 --> 00:22:20,120 Finally 2.12.1993- 286 00:22:20,280 --> 00:22:24,120 -space shuttle Endeavour is ready to launch. 287 00:22:24,280 --> 00:22:29,080 It takes a new camera and others equipment that will be installed on Hubble. 288 00:22:29,240 --> 00:22:34,080 It was like dawn. The entire skyline was lit up. 289 00:22:34,240 --> 00:22:39,160 The moment felt wonderful in the dark surrounded by people. 290 00:22:40,240 --> 00:22:42,560 Emotions were in turmoil. 291 00:22:42,720 --> 00:22:48,040 My whole career hinged on that flight With Story and others. 292 00:22:48,200 --> 00:22:53,120 Everyone had put themselves because of its telescope. 293 00:22:53,280 --> 00:22:57,080 Watching the launch was a powerful experience. 294 00:22:57,240 --> 00:23:01,960 Finally, we sent the shuttle on its way. We kept our fingers and toes crossed. 295 00:23:07,440 --> 00:23:11,760 90 minutes later the morning began to dawn. 296 00:23:11,920 --> 00:23:16,240 Hubble showed one in the sky bright as Mars at times. 297 00:23:16,400 --> 00:23:19,840 It was a deafening sight. 298 00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:24,160 Just behind it was another star, it was a shuttle. 299 00:23:24,320 --> 00:23:27,240 It already caught Hubble. 300 00:23:27,400 --> 00:23:29,920 It was magical. 301 00:23:35,240 --> 00:23:39,440 I saw it for the first time 10,000 kilometers away. 302 00:23:39,600 --> 00:23:42,120 It was a startling moment. 303 00:23:42,280 --> 00:23:47,080 After 18 years that was it at last. 304 00:23:47,240 --> 00:23:48,760 It's really big. 305 00:23:49,880 --> 00:23:51,760 Endeavor approaches Hubble- 306 00:23:51,920 --> 00:23:57,240 -and the crew takes from the telescope caught with a robotic arm. 307 00:24:06,320 --> 00:24:11,560 Houston, Endeavor has a strong hold from the space telescope. 308 00:24:11,720 --> 00:24:16,040 Clear. We all have one smile here. 309 00:24:16,200 --> 00:24:18,360 It's quite a sight. 310 00:24:18,520 --> 00:24:22,760 It was our first maintenance flight. 311 00:24:22,920 --> 00:24:26,920 Even if we only get a camera installed, that would be something. 312 00:24:27,080 --> 00:24:31,120 After attaching to the Hubble, the astronauts venture into space- 313 00:24:31,280 --> 00:24:36,320 -and start the telescope installation of a new camera. 314 00:24:36,480 --> 00:24:41,640 The front is very sensitive pickoff mirror. 315 00:24:44,280 --> 00:24:47,000 If the glove touches the mirror, it's ruined. 316 00:24:49,160 --> 00:24:52,440 Then nothing will come of the pictures. 317 00:24:52,600 --> 00:24:59,400 There are two small ones in the mirror engine. They control the mirror. 318 00:24:59,560 --> 00:25:01,520 They don't heal from bumps. 319 00:25:01,680 --> 00:25:05,240 Did you check that the machinery is tuned, Strory? 320 00:25:05,400 --> 00:25:08,960 I just did it. 321 00:25:14,840 --> 00:25:19,120 The hours passed, and everything went as it should. 322 00:25:19,280 --> 00:25:22,400 I thought that this must be a dream. 323 00:25:22,560 --> 00:25:25,040 It seems to be in place. 324 00:25:25,200 --> 00:25:27,320 Can I let go? 325 00:25:27,480 --> 00:25:29,800 You can. 326 00:25:29,960 --> 00:25:32,280 Once the new camera is installed- 327 00:25:32,440 --> 00:25:36,080 -it's the optical correction device's turn. 328 00:25:36,240 --> 00:25:40,120 Everyone else's Hubble the operation of the devices depends on it. 329 00:25:40,280 --> 00:25:46,760 Suddenly a device appeared on the screen, which we had been working on for a long time. 330 00:25:46,920 --> 00:25:50,400 Everything depended on the astronauts. 331 00:25:50,560 --> 00:25:53,480 - 42 minutes. - Jeez, anyway. 332 00:25:53,640 --> 00:25:58,560 I wonder what kind of people we are when we know how to build such devices- 333 00:25:58,720 --> 00:26:01,720 -which fly through space. 334 00:26:01,880 --> 00:26:06,680 Still, they're just little robots, who do the work for us. 335 00:26:09,240 --> 00:26:11,200 Disconnection was successful. 336 00:26:11,360 --> 00:26:14,240 You have really shown- 337 00:26:14,400 --> 00:26:17,440 -that NASA can to fulfill their promises. 338 00:26:17,600 --> 00:26:21,320 - We appreciate you. - Thank you. 339 00:26:21,480 --> 00:26:26,680 I'm sad that that my satellite is gone. 340 00:26:26,840 --> 00:26:30,120 It's been 18 years, it's gone. 341 00:26:30,280 --> 00:26:35,640 Was the task successful? The group must wait for the first pictures. 342 00:26:39,360 --> 00:26:43,680 18.12.1993 a group of astronomers gathers to watch- 343 00:26:43,840 --> 00:26:49,760 -does Hubble work? and whether NASA's reputation has been saved. 344 00:26:49,920 --> 00:26:54,240 I, Chris Burrows and a dozen others were present- 345 00:26:54,400 --> 00:26:57,840 -when the first image came to Earth. 346 00:26:58,000 --> 00:27:00,960 The camera filmed the field, where there were many stars. 347 00:27:01,120 --> 00:27:05,160 I thought it fit well for testing optics. 348 00:27:05,320 --> 00:27:08,360 We thought that if it didn't work- 349 00:27:08,520 --> 00:27:13,280 -we would have gone. We would have to move out of the country. 350 00:27:13,440 --> 00:27:18,200 What would we do? Where would we go? We had to succeed. 351 00:27:18,360 --> 00:27:21,320 When the picture came on the screen- 352 00:27:21,480 --> 00:27:24,560 -and we saw a bright image of a star- 353 00:27:24,720 --> 00:27:27,440 -we knew we succeeded. 354 00:27:28,680 --> 00:27:33,280 Hello! That's it. 355 00:27:33,440 --> 00:27:39,280 When the rest of the area came into view, and we saw dimmer and dimmer objects- 356 00:27:39,440 --> 00:27:44,120 -and the screen was filled with stars, everyone went wild. 357 00:27:44,280 --> 00:27:49,160 Everyone spontaneously started cheering. 358 00:27:49,320 --> 00:27:54,960 Champagne bottles popped. We knew we fixed it. 359 00:27:55,120 --> 00:27:59,520 It may be early to congratulate, but I still shake hands. 360 00:28:00,560 --> 00:28:05,240 NASA wants to share the news with the world- 361 00:28:05,400 --> 00:28:08,680 -and organize soon press conference. 362 00:28:13,040 --> 00:28:16,400 Hubble's problems are over. 363 00:28:16,560 --> 00:28:21,680 This picture of the star was taken- 364 00:28:21,840 --> 00:28:24,480 -new dim objects with a camera. 365 00:28:24,640 --> 00:28:28,800 Behind every point of light would be a new story- 366 00:28:28,960 --> 00:28:35,960 -which would take the researchers where, where no human can go- 367 00:28:36,120 --> 00:28:39,800 -but that tough telescope can. 368 00:28:39,960 --> 00:28:43,920 These pictures are concrete evidence that- 369 00:28:44,080 --> 00:28:46,360 -that Hubble has been repaired- 370 00:28:46,520 --> 00:28:53,000 -and that NASA has corrected the deficiencies, from which these problems arose. 371 00:28:55,280 --> 00:28:59,920 When the problems are behind, astronomers start queuing for viewing time- 372 00:29:00,080 --> 00:29:04,040 -from humanity's new window to the universe. 373 00:29:04,200 --> 00:29:07,800 Hubble's first big success comes by chance- 374 00:29:07,960 --> 00:29:12,480 - when detected with it A comet approaching Jupiter. 375 00:29:12,640 --> 00:29:17,160 Hubble watched the event from the front row. 376 00:29:17,320 --> 00:29:22,320 It took a week for everything to come together parts fell to the planet. 377 00:29:22,480 --> 00:29:25,520 Every day Hubble sent back new images. 378 00:29:25,680 --> 00:29:27,320 Look. 379 00:29:29,640 --> 00:29:31,280 They were wonderful. 380 00:29:31,440 --> 00:29:34,440 Beyond belief. 381 00:29:34,600 --> 00:29:39,320 That one event made Hubble a pioneer in astronomy. 382 00:29:39,480 --> 00:29:41,880 Couldn't have wished for better. 383 00:29:42,040 --> 00:29:47,280 Astronomer Jeff Hester also chimes in an image that touches us all. 384 00:29:47,440 --> 00:29:52,640 The picture shows gas and dust forming star nebula. 385 00:29:52,800 --> 00:29:56,000 We photographed the object called Kotkasumu. 386 00:29:56,160 --> 00:29:58,600 New stars are formed there. 387 00:29:58,760 --> 00:30:03,400 We got a picture, and it was great. 388 00:30:03,560 --> 00:30:08,680 A little later I was in Baltimore at a press conference. 389 00:30:08,840 --> 00:30:11,960 Ed Weiler was there, and I pulled him aside. 390 00:30:12,120 --> 00:30:16,480 He took me down the hall to show something. 391 00:30:16,640 --> 00:30:22,560 I said, “Ed, do you want to see your next press release?" 392 00:30:22,720 --> 00:30:25,000 I showed a picture of Kotkasumu. 393 00:30:30,080 --> 00:30:34,560 The picture showed a colorful, gaseous star nebula. 394 00:30:35,760 --> 00:30:41,160 All who saw it, were amazed. 395 00:30:41,320 --> 00:30:44,720 We have received perhaps the most amazing picture- 396 00:30:44,880 --> 00:30:47,160 -taken by Hubble. 397 00:30:47,320 --> 00:30:52,240 I wasn't prepared to the reception of the picture. 398 00:30:52,400 --> 00:30:56,600 Every magazine that prints color photos put it on the front page. 399 00:30:56,760 --> 00:31:00,680 That image touched people in an unprecedented way. 400 00:31:00,840 --> 00:31:04,040 The image began to live a life of its own. 401 00:31:04,200 --> 00:31:10,240 Funniest memory I have from those days, there are thongs- 402 00:31:10,400 --> 00:31:16,040 -which have a picture of the Pillars of Creation. 403 00:31:16,200 --> 00:31:18,920 The picture appeared everywhere. 404 00:31:20,120 --> 00:31:23,080 Hubble keeps producing more wonderful pictures. 405 00:31:23,240 --> 00:31:27,400 Dazzling galaxies, exploding stars- 406 00:31:27,560 --> 00:31:32,200 -and huge star nebulae. The pictures are in record detail. 407 00:31:32,360 --> 00:31:37,240 In one year, Hubble revolutionized our understanding of the cosmos. 408 00:31:37,400 --> 00:31:42,120 For researchers like me it was the best reward of all. 409 00:31:42,280 --> 00:31:47,920 I had waited a long time to see such pictures. 410 00:31:48,080 --> 00:31:52,040 One of Hubble's finest images was born from the idea- 411 00:31:52,200 --> 00:31:56,200 - aim the telescope from empty to the spectacular place- 412 00:31:56,360 --> 00:32:00,920 -for ten days during the Christmas holidays in 1995. 413 00:32:01,080 --> 00:32:06,600 It sought light from dim objects, which could be found in that area. 414 00:32:06,760 --> 00:32:10,560 To everyone's surprise, almost everything items found- 415 00:32:10,720 --> 00:32:14,440 -are new galaxies, by the thousands. 416 00:32:14,600 --> 00:32:18,840 Everyone has maybe a hundred billion stars- 417 00:32:19,000 --> 00:32:25,160 -and they are all in a little heaven in an area that was thought to be empty. 418 00:32:25,320 --> 00:32:28,040 It's a groundbreaking win for Hubble. 419 00:32:30,680 --> 00:32:32,480 This is just the beginning. 420 00:32:32,640 --> 00:32:35,880 Hubble is intended constantly develop- 421 00:32:36,040 --> 00:32:39,960 -so that it could see more and more closely further and further into the past. 422 00:32:40,120 --> 00:32:44,760 Over the next 20 years three more maintenance flights would be made. 423 00:32:46,640 --> 00:32:50,080 Whenever the astronauts went to maintain Hubble- 424 00:32:50,240 --> 00:32:53,960 -they installed new equipment and cameras- 425 00:32:54,120 --> 00:32:58,480 -and made it even better. That's why Hubble is so great. 426 00:32:58,640 --> 00:33:02,040 28 by Hubble visited astronaut- 427 00:33:02,200 --> 00:33:05,520 - have extended lifetime of the telescope. 428 00:33:05,680 --> 00:33:09,280 Among them is John Grunsfeld. 429 00:33:11,080 --> 00:33:17,440 Hubble has given us a unique view of the universe. 430 00:33:17,600 --> 00:33:20,800 The story is made even better by- 431 00:33:20,960 --> 00:33:25,080 -that we fixed it, people walked in space. 432 00:33:27,440 --> 00:33:31,160 Entering the 21st century, digital camera technology 433 00:33:31,320 --> 00:33:34,240 -reaches for the Hubble mirror precision. 434 00:33:34,400 --> 00:33:36,400 It's time for another update. 435 00:33:36,560 --> 00:33:40,800 The telescope is made more efficient like never before. 436 00:33:40,960 --> 00:33:46,840 It was time to install a new camera, WFC3, which I was also developing. 437 00:33:47,000 --> 00:33:50,280 We wanted to get it in place. 438 00:33:50,440 --> 00:33:52,680 Its time had come. 439 00:33:52,840 --> 00:33:55,440 Columbia, Houston. Connection check. 440 00:33:55,600 --> 00:34:00,520 In February 2003, the space shuttle Columbia is returning to Earth- 441 00:34:00,680 --> 00:34:02,880 -when disaster strikes again. 442 00:34:05,800 --> 00:34:07,920 Columbia here, Houston. 443 00:34:08,080 --> 00:34:11,440 Columbia Thermal Insulation are broken on departure- 444 00:34:11,600 --> 00:34:14,000 -and it falls apart when it returns into the atmosphere. 445 00:34:14,160 --> 00:34:17,720 Lock the doors. 446 00:34:17,880 --> 00:34:21,840 NASA cancels Hubble maintenance flight. 447 00:34:22,000 --> 00:34:25,920 Because the safety of the astronauts could be in danger- 448 00:34:26,080 --> 00:34:30,680 -Sean O'Keefe, then of NASA general manager, canceled the assignment. 449 00:34:30,840 --> 00:34:35,800 I was amazed. I had fixed telescope twice at the risk of my life. 450 00:34:35,960 --> 00:34:40,960 If Hubble wasn't maintained, it would would mark the end of an era. 451 00:34:41,120 --> 00:34:44,640 Without a new maintenance flight- 452 00:34:44,800 --> 00:34:47,440 -Hubble won't last long. 453 00:34:48,920 --> 00:34:53,640 In 2005, hard public amid pressure- 454 00:34:53,800 --> 00:34:57,080 -NASA changes director general Mike Griffin. 455 00:34:57,240 --> 00:34:59,840 Mike came to share his decision. 456 00:35:00,000 --> 00:35:04,160 Within two years, he will report his decision about the telescope. 457 00:35:06,080 --> 00:35:12,640 I want to announce that we are going to servicing Hubble on a shuttle flight- 458 00:35:12,800 --> 00:35:16,120 -before it expires. 459 00:35:19,600 --> 00:35:22,680 We asked the astronauts, did they want to leave- 460 00:35:22,840 --> 00:35:26,120 -and every man and woman was ready to go. 461 00:35:26,280 --> 00:35:29,920 They knew it was important in terms of science- 462 00:35:30,080 --> 00:35:33,720 -and that of Hubble's last journey would be incredible. 463 00:35:37,200 --> 00:35:43,040 Two, one. Space Shuttle Atlantis goes on a journey. 464 00:35:43,200 --> 00:35:47,480 In 2009, almost three years after preparations- 465 00:35:47,640 --> 00:35:52,880 -John Grunsfeld and his crew heading towards Hubble. 466 00:35:53,040 --> 00:35:58,680 They go to update the famous telescope for the last time. 467 00:35:58,840 --> 00:36:01,840 Five spacewalks are planned. 468 00:36:02,000 --> 00:36:06,080 This is the longest ever maintenance mission in space. 469 00:36:06,240 --> 00:36:10,520 It was my third Hubble flight. It was nice to be back. 470 00:36:10,680 --> 00:36:16,120 The sight was miserable. Insulation peeled off, the solar panels were warped. 471 00:36:16,280 --> 00:36:21,920 Orbital debris had crushed it. Hubble's glory had faded. 472 00:36:22,080 --> 00:36:26,400 Still it felt that I met an old friend. 473 00:36:26,560 --> 00:36:30,800 John Grunsfeld and Drew Feustel install a new camera- 474 00:36:30,960 --> 00:36:34,720 -which makes Hubble better than ever. 475 00:36:34,880 --> 00:36:39,280 I just want to say that this is great. 476 00:36:39,440 --> 00:36:41,240 The smile is delicate. 477 00:36:41,400 --> 00:36:47,560 First you have to remove the bolt which holds the old camera in place. 478 00:36:47,720 --> 00:36:51,640 It was the easiest thing in the whole service- 479 00:36:51,800 --> 00:36:54,800 -but the bolt didn't open. 480 00:36:56,800 --> 00:36:59,280 We will not proceed to the second stage. 481 00:36:59,440 --> 00:37:02,400 John has to go to fetch tools. 482 00:37:02,560 --> 00:37:08,520 It looked like we wouldn't get the old one camera out of the way of the new one. 483 00:37:08,680 --> 00:37:10,760 It came as a surprise. 484 00:37:10,920 --> 00:37:14,440 It was the only moment when I wasn't comfortable in space. 485 00:37:14,600 --> 00:37:19,840 John went to the airlock to get it adjustable fixed key 486 00:37:20,000 --> 00:37:26,960 -so that we can open the bolt, which does not want to open. 487 00:37:27,120 --> 00:37:31,000 If the bolt is turned too hard, the stem would break- 488 00:37:31,160 --> 00:37:33,920 -and an old camera would be stuck in Hubble. 489 00:37:34,080 --> 00:37:38,320 Secrets of the Universe would remain unrevealed. 490 00:37:38,480 --> 00:37:43,280 Can Drew use all of them ways to open the bolt? 491 00:37:43,440 --> 00:37:45,440 Yes you can. 492 00:37:45,600 --> 00:37:51,000 We got permission to try opening the bolt with all my might. 493 00:37:51,160 --> 00:37:53,560 Either it would fall apart or open. 494 00:37:53,720 --> 00:37:58,640 If it breaks, the old camera stays inside. 495 00:37:58,800 --> 00:38:01,560 Hold true. 496 00:38:02,760 --> 00:38:04,120 Going now. 497 00:38:07,360 --> 00:38:11,720 I think I got it off. At least it turned around. 498 00:38:11,880 --> 00:38:15,360 It worked, and we can continue as planned. 499 00:38:15,520 --> 00:38:20,480 WFPC2 is detached from the telescope. 500 00:38:20,640 --> 00:38:27,640 I was overjoyed, because now Hubble would be able to look your best. 501 00:38:27,800 --> 00:38:30,200 It was really inspiring. 502 00:38:30,360 --> 00:38:33,120 Five successful ones after the spacewalk- 503 00:38:33,280 --> 00:38:38,080 -crew prepares to release Hubble for the last time. 504 00:38:40,040 --> 00:38:44,680 During the last spacewalk i looked through the telescope- 505 00:38:44,840 --> 00:38:49,800 -and I said goodbye to it and I wished you a good trip. 506 00:38:49,960 --> 00:38:56,080 We returned to the shuttle and the next the day we released Hubble. 507 00:38:56,240 --> 00:39:00,080 We saw the hatch closing and computing. 508 00:39:00,240 --> 00:39:03,560 Three, two, one, release. 509 00:39:03,720 --> 00:39:08,200 The shuttle pulled away- 510 00:39:08,360 --> 00:39:11,280 -and sent Hubble for his last trip. 511 00:39:11,440 --> 00:39:17,120 I knew Hubble didn't sink only to space- 512 00:39:17,280 --> 00:39:20,960 -but also to the history books and science textbooks. 513 00:39:21,120 --> 00:39:23,480 What a wonderful trip. 514 00:39:23,640 --> 00:39:28,160 Thank you, Senator Mikulski. Atlantis, we will continue to communicate. 515 00:39:28,320 --> 00:39:32,840 We were elated, because we were achieved all our goals. 516 00:39:33,000 --> 00:39:38,760 We returned Hubble to orbit better than it had ever been. 517 00:39:38,920 --> 00:39:42,560 When the best of Hubble's cameras is installed- 518 00:39:42,720 --> 00:39:47,640 -it's time to look, what the telescope is capable of. 519 00:39:52,640 --> 00:39:55,960 During its first 25 years- 520 00:39:56,120 --> 00:40:01,040 -Hubble has taken humanity the most significant photographs. 521 00:40:01,200 --> 00:40:06,600 Among them are Deep Field Images- 522 00:40:06,760 --> 00:40:10,960 - in which a small area emerges new distant galaxies. 523 00:40:11,120 --> 00:40:15,280 Now Hubble is aiming for a new one its more powerful camera- 524 00:40:15,440 --> 00:40:17,840 - to the same point again. 525 00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:20,760 What else in the dark can you faint? 526 00:40:24,480 --> 00:40:30,160 The picture reveals 5,000 new ones previously unknown galaxy. 527 00:40:30,320 --> 00:40:34,560 Some of them are over 13 billion a light year away. 528 00:40:34,720 --> 00:40:38,200 This picture is Hubble Extreme Deep Field. 529 00:40:38,360 --> 00:40:43,960 It is our deepest image of the universe until now. 530 00:40:45,840 --> 00:40:50,000 First it catches the eye pixelation and noise. 531 00:40:50,160 --> 00:40:53,720 The telescope works at the limits of their abilities. 532 00:40:53,880 --> 00:40:58,080 Then there are these wonderful, brightly distinguishable galaxies. 533 00:40:58,240 --> 00:41:02,120 Charlie Pellerin looks at the picture first time- 534 00:41:02,280 --> 00:41:06,280 -NASA's at the Goddard Space Flight Center. 535 00:41:06,440 --> 00:41:11,680 The area we thought was empty, is indeed full of ancient galaxies- 536 00:41:11,840 --> 00:41:17,360 -whose light comes from billions of years behind. Absolutely amazing. 537 00:41:17,520 --> 00:41:20,040 With this one shot- 538 00:41:20,200 --> 00:41:25,280 -Hubble reveals how huge the universe really is. 539 00:41:25,440 --> 00:41:29,680 It is one of the most mind-opening of pictures ever taken. 540 00:41:29,840 --> 00:41:35,080 Extreme Deep Field is proof of the infinite vastness of the cosmos. 541 00:41:35,240 --> 00:41:40,280 It is limitless, it has no edges. 542 00:41:40,440 --> 00:41:45,200 It's quite a humbling thought for a person. 543 00:41:45,360 --> 00:41:46,920 Think now. 544 00:41:47,080 --> 00:41:52,440 That light went on its way billions of years ago. 545 00:41:52,600 --> 00:41:58,320 Now we have seen it. 546 00:41:58,480 --> 00:42:05,000 The universe has expanded hundreds narrator with one observation. 547 00:42:05,160 --> 00:42:09,720 To me it was proof, that the telescope we built 548 00:42:09,880 --> 00:42:13,240 -is better than none of those on earth. 549 00:42:13,400 --> 00:42:17,880 For more than 25 years Hubble has captured the world's attention. 550 00:42:18,040 --> 00:42:22,680 It has become an all time the most beloved research tool. 551 00:42:22,840 --> 00:42:27,440 You don't need to know anything from astronomy or astrophysics- 552 00:42:27,600 --> 00:42:33,320 -to be able to admire The beauty of Hubble images. 553 00:42:36,120 --> 00:42:38,440 Images taken by Hubble- 554 00:42:38,600 --> 00:42:43,200 -takes my breath away almost every time. 555 00:42:43,360 --> 00:42:49,080 25 years later that telescope still amazes us. 556 00:42:50,840 --> 00:42:54,440 These pictures are remembered- 557 00:42:54,600 --> 00:42:59,800 -and they are highly valued to the future. 558 00:42:59,960 --> 00:43:03,880 They represent what at best we could- 559 00:43:04,040 --> 00:43:06,960 -to see into space. 560 00:43:07,120 --> 00:43:12,760 Hubble's achievements are theirs thanks to scientists and engineers 561 00:43:12,920 --> 00:43:17,920 -who realized humanity dream of a space telescope. 562 00:43:18,080 --> 00:43:23,160 For many of them, Hubble is their bravest achievement. 563 00:43:23,320 --> 00:43:28,480 It's my whole life. I built the Hubble mirror. 564 00:43:28,640 --> 00:43:32,080 Right now it is proudest achievement in my life. 565 00:43:33,760 --> 00:43:36,680 Hubble rose through difficulties to victory. 566 00:43:36,840 --> 00:43:41,400 It didn't work, no one believed to that. Then it was fixed- 567 00:43:41,560 --> 00:43:48,080 -and it became NASA's the most successful science project. 568 00:43:48,240 --> 00:43:50,000 A great success story. 569 00:43:51,560 --> 00:43:54,240 We are proud of the end result. 570 00:43:54,400 --> 00:43:58,160 We wish you luck and have a safe trip home. 571 00:43:58,320 --> 00:44:00,000 Finnish translation: Hanna Niemi www.sdimedia.com