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www.titlovi.com

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* True love will find you in the end

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* You'll find out
just who was your friend

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* Don't be sad, I know you will

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* But don't give up until

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* True love finds you in the end

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* This is a promise with a catch

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* Only if you're looking
will it find you

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* Cos true love is searching too

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* But how can it recognise you

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* Unless you step out
into the light, the light

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* Don't be sad, I know you will

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* But don't give up until

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* True love finds you in the end. *

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In 1979, a Frenchman called
Bernard Kouchner,

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who had founded
Medecins Sans Frontieres,

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chartered an old cargo ship,
and he went to rescue

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thousands of starving refugees
trapped on a tiny island.

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Refugees that no-one else
seemed to care about.

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They were fleeing from
the new communist government

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that had taken over Vietnam.

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To many liberals in the West,

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the communists had been heroes
in their fight against America,

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which meant that the refugees
did not deserve to be helped.

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To Kouchner, this was outrageous.

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The point is people are dying
in the China Sea.

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I mean, the boat people
are now facing piracy.

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I mean, they are attacked by pirates

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ten times in their trip,
if they are still alive,

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and nobody are taking care of them.

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And that's our purpose.

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It's not possible to shut up now.

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Kouchner's action
had a powerful effect in the West,

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because it started to undermine the
self-belief of a whole generation,

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who saw themselves
as radical and pure...

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..that possibly being good
was not as easy as it seemed.

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It began when the singer Joan Baez
came out in support of Kouchner.

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In the 1960s,

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she had been deeply involved
in the Civil Rights protests...

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The mothers gave me five children
to fully register...

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You can't go in,
nobody but students and parents.

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..and also one of the leaders
of the anti-Vietnam War movement.

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She was a symbol
of the idealism at its heart.

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I'd like to try, if I may.
You can't get in.

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But now she said that the refusal
to help the refugees

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showed how radicals had become
not only uncaring, but corrupt.

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They would allow thousands
of people to die,

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simply because they had
the wrong ideology.

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Baez went on French television

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and she gave an interview
that caused a sensation.

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INTERVIEWER, IN FRENCH:

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No, I never defended
the government of Vietnam.

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I spoke for the people
inside of Vietnam.

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I was against the violence

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that this country
perpetrated inside of Vietnam,

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but...I was equally
against an American boy

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being shot out of a plane
as I was the women and children

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of Vietnam being bombed,

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so it was never possible
for my position to be clear,

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particularly somewhere like France,
where peace movement means left.

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I'm not left.

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Baez was immediately attacked
by other anti-war activists,

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led by Jane Fonda.

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They accused Baez
of being an unwitting agent

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of American imperialism.

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..and leftism in a way that I'm not.
I think that's as simple as...

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Despite the row,
Kouchner carried on,

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rescuing thousands of refugees
lost at sea in tiny sinking boats.

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Kouchner believed
that what he was doing

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might also be the start of
a completely new kind of radicalism,

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one that really would
make the world a better place.

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The reaction in the West, he said,

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had shown that the old political
ideologies of left and right

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had now lost all credibility.

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Kouchner had an alternative idea

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that was going to go very deep
in the imagination of the West.

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It said that we are all one world,

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linked together
simply as individuals,

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not divided by political ideas
or by nations.

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And we, the good people in the West,
had a duty to intervene

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to help the victims
of all evil political ideas,

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wherever they were across the world.

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We don't care on leftist
and rightist countries,

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there is no leftist
and rightist suffering,

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and there is no possibility
to split the world in good people

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and bad people,
good dead and bad dead.

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Because we think that
this is a new kind of policy.

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For us, human being is one.

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To let the people speak
to each other before dying.

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* With the nice girl in the park

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* You were strolling full of joy

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* And you told me that you'd
never kissed a girl before

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* Hold your hand out,
you naughty boy

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* Last night in the pale moonlight

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* I saw ya, I saw ya

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* With the nice girl
in the park... *

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Julia Grant had grown up in the
north of England, near Blackpool.

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But, in the 1970s,
she had moved south

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and became part of the growing
gay scene, and a drag artist.

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She knew inside herself
that she was a woman -

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that was her true self.

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Which made her
an outsider everywhere,

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including in the gay world.

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When I was living on the apparently
gay scene and being a drag artist...

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..nobody thought any...

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..any bad if I sort of went out,
did my show,

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and, when I came off stage,
sort of toned down my make-up

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and put on a dress, because I was
accepted as a drag artist,

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whereas if I try to go to a gay pub
dressed as a woman...

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..most gay people resent the fact
that a man wants to change his sex.

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Transvestites and transsexuals
are a minority

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within the actual gay world.

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To have
a gender reassignment operation,

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Julia was going to have to
go through a series of interviews

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with a state psychiatrist.

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He would decide who she really was.

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Julia was part of a new idea
rising up in the 1980s -

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it said that to change the world and
to make it a better place,

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you should fight to become

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who you as an individual truly were.

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That was real freedom.

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But, to do it,

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Julia was going to have to take on
the medical establishment.

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Do you have a letter
from your doctor for me?

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Right. Well, what is the problem?

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Well, I feel, um, that I've been
having a fight with myself

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for a long time,
and I've come to terms with the fact

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that I believe I am a woman...

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..trapped within
sort of a man's body.

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Well, what do you mean
by being a woman?

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Well, my whole... All my thoughts
and everything are feminine,

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there's nothing masculine.

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I tend to reject my masculine body.

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You know it to be masculine?

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I identify it as masculine

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because society identify me
as masculine.

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Well, it's not a matter of society.
It's a matter of anatomy.

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You say you feel like a woman?

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Yes, I believe everything I do
is feminine.

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I believe I'm a woman inside.

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Well, Michelle,
how does it feel to be a woman?

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It just feels like being me.
Can't describe it as anything else.

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You see? She's right.

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Nobody knows
how anybody else feels inside.

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Well, I feel I don't...

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I believe I don't actually feel
the way a normal man should feel.

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It may be that you identify
with certain stereotypes

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of the female gender role -

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that is the traditions,
the behaviour, the ideas,

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but that doesn't make you a woman.

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You know, styles do change,
even if you think they don't.

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Shoulders are wider,
and they're higher.

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See, they all had to
have pads put in.

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And, insofar as we could,

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we've just lengthened them
a little bit because they're longer.

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And the thing we've learned is
never really press your hem.

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You know, sometimes
you see people ironing a dress,

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and they press along the hem
until it looks like a knife edge.

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And then, if you want to
let it down, you can't.

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Just leave the hem gently rolled,
and then you'll...

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Never press along the edge,
then you can let them down.

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The China News Agency supplied

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all the news for everyone in China,

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but it also ran
a privileged news service

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for the Communist Party elite.

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And the higher you were
in the party,

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the more truth
you were allowed to know.

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There were three levels of secret
newspapers published every day,

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and at the top there was
what was called Big Reference.

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Very few copies were printed,

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because they were only for
the top leadership,

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and it was printed
in extra large type

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to make it easier for the old men
who ran the country to read it.

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And at the very top
was now Deng Xiaoping.

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He was in complete control in China.

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He had defeated all his rivals,

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and to show his strength, in 1979,
he put his main enemy on trial,

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Jiang Qing.

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HE SPEAKS IN MANDARIN

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She was accused, along with the
other members of the Gang of Four,

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of killing and persecuting
thousands of people

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in the Cultural Revolution,

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but she refused to recognise
the court.

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She continually attacked the judges.

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SHE SHOUTS

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The judges, she said,
were hypocrites.

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They had all followed Mao's ideas.

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They were just turning on her
to save themselves.

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Instead, she presented herself
as the one thing

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that she knew Deng Xiaoping
feared most -

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a defiant individual.

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As she was hustled out of the court,
she shouted,

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"I am without heaven,
and a law unto myself.

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"It is right to rebel."

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But Deng showed her no mercy.

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Deng Xiaoping decided to experiment
with democracy.

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He allowed people
to put up posters and sell magazines

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in Tiananmen Square.

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It was known as Democracy Wall...

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..and it quickly became a symbol
of a new openness in China.

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But then it started
to run out of control.

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People published details
of widespread corruption, greed,

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incompetence, and nepotism at the
very top of the Communist Party...

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..and then that force that Jiang
Qing had prophesied, individualism,

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re-emerged.

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Wei Jingsheng worked as
an electrician at Beijing Zoo.

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Wei he was a charismatic figure,

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and he quickly became
a leading force at Democracy Wall.

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He called for the overthrow
of Deng Xiaoping.

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He put up posters that said,

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"We want no more gods or emperors
or saviours of any kind.

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"We want to be our own masters.

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"Everything that is happening now
is just a new-fangled lie.

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"Deng is just a new
fascist dictator."

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The wall was closed down,
all the posters hosed off,

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and Wei was arrested.

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Wei Jingsheng's trial
was broadcast live on television.

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He was accused of
counter-revolutionary crimes

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and passing secrets
to foreign agents.

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Why was it necessary
to close down Democracy Wall?

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Well, you see,
on the democratic wall...

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..everyone,
without putting his name...

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..can blame or charge any person...

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..without any ground. They can do it
without any legal obligation.

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Do you think in England,
do you have this kind of freedom?

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I don't think so.

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Blame any person without putting
on his own name in the wall paper.

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Do you think that is
a kind of freedom?

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I don't think so.

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Do you think that
there's freedom of speech?

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The way it looks in the West

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is that, the moment the lid came off
for a second in China,

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and people made contact
with western journalists...

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I think I have to go for another...

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Some work to do.

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Bernard Kouchner's humanitarian
vision of a world without borders

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was now spreading.

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Idealists from the West,
inspired by his ideas,

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were travelling to conflicts
all around the world.

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In Afghanistan,
they came to help the Mujahideen,

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00:17:31,595 --> 00:17:33,965
who they saw as noble idealists

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struggling against
the Russian invasion.

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IN FRENCH:

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And, in 1984, it suddenly became
a truly global movement.

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00:18:28,000 --> 00:18:30,565
It started
when the BBC shocked the world

246
00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:33,600
with a report about the effect
of a famine in Ethiopia.

247
00:18:35,240 --> 00:18:38,640
The response was Live Aid,
organised by Bob Geldof.

248
00:18:40,480 --> 00:18:43,000
It was driven by a vast outpouring
of sympathy

249
00:18:43,035 --> 00:18:45,520
for those who were starving
in Ethiopia...

250
00:18:46,880 --> 00:18:49,845
..but also by an anger
and a frustration

251
00:18:49,880 --> 00:18:53,800
with all politicians in the West
who had done nothing to help.

252
00:18:55,920 --> 00:18:58,120
I find it incredible
that the mass of people

253
00:18:58,155 --> 00:19:00,285
probably feel that
something should be done,

254
00:19:00,320 --> 00:19:03,260
yet their own governments just don't
do anything. They do very little.

255
00:19:03,295 --> 00:19:06,200
The very fact that it has to be done
by people giving their own money

256
00:19:06,235 --> 00:19:09,040
is ridiculous. I mean, we've given
enough money into government.

257
00:19:09,075 --> 00:19:11,565
Why can't they spend
some of our money giving it back?

258
00:19:11,600 --> 00:19:14,440
I mean, at the moment, you've got
a problem with the butter mountain,

259
00:19:14,475 --> 00:19:16,125
you don't know
how to dispose of it.

260
00:19:16,160 --> 00:19:18,325
To sell it to the Russians
is the cheapest way.

261
00:19:18,360 --> 00:19:21,520
I'm sorry, but butter doesn't do
very much good in Africa,

262
00:19:21,555 --> 00:19:23,720
as you know.
Butter oil actually does.

263
00:19:23,755 --> 00:19:25,085
It's one of the major sources...

264
00:19:25,120 --> 00:19:27,400
Oh, butter OIL, if you can...
If you can get it...

265
00:19:27,435 --> 00:19:28,925
Well, it is a by-product of butter.

266
00:19:28,960 --> 00:19:33,200
Yes, but, look, a lot is going.
A lot of surplus food is going.

267
00:19:33,235 --> 00:19:35,477
But, Prime Minister,
there are millions dying,

268
00:19:35,512 --> 00:19:38,236
and that's the terrible thing.
Yes indeed...

269
00:19:38,271 --> 00:19:40,960
* And the lesson today
is how to die... *

270
00:19:42,000 --> 00:19:43,645
What Live Aid seemed to show

271
00:19:43,680 --> 00:19:46,000
was that it might be
possible to change the world...

272
00:19:47,320 --> 00:19:50,760
..but, to do it,
you had to bypass all politics

273
00:19:50,795 --> 00:19:53,605
because politicians,
both left and right,

274
00:19:53,640 --> 00:19:56,840
had become corrupted
by power and petty nationalism.

275
00:19:58,080 --> 00:20:02,080
Instead, you connected directly
with others suffering

276
00:20:02,115 --> 00:20:04,600
around the planet, and rescued them.

277
00:20:07,920 --> 00:20:09,725
Bob Geldof travelled to Ethiopia

278
00:20:09,760 --> 00:20:12,440
to visit the camps
where the aid was being delivered.

279
00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:15,245
But he began to realise

280
00:20:15,280 --> 00:20:17,240
that something very strange
was happening.

281
00:20:19,120 --> 00:20:23,120
The Ethiopian regime was rounding up
thousands of the starving people

282
00:20:23,155 --> 00:20:25,365
who had come to the camps.

283
00:20:25,400 --> 00:20:27,725
They were being taken to airstrips,

284
00:20:27,760 --> 00:20:31,240
where they were loaded at gunpoint
onto giant transport planes.

285
00:20:32,720 --> 00:20:36,120
They were then flown to what
were called resettlement camps.

286
00:20:37,680 --> 00:20:40,725
Geldof was shocked
by what he was seeing.

287
00:20:40,760 --> 00:20:44,760
To him, it seemed to evoke
an evil ghost from Europe's past.

288
00:20:46,480 --> 00:20:50,360
The first pictures we saw
of resettlement were these ancient

289
00:20:50,395 --> 00:20:53,485
and beautiful people,
starving and in rags,

290
00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:57,440
under armed guard, going into
these vast Russian planes.

291
00:20:57,475 --> 00:20:59,725
They probably had
never seen a plane.

292
00:20:59,760 --> 00:21:01,965
They have nothing left,
only their dignity.

293
00:21:02,000 --> 00:21:05,845
And to the West, the immediate
psychological reaction

294
00:21:05,880 --> 00:21:09,880
is Jews being led at gunpoint
into cattle trucks by the Nazis.

295
00:21:09,915 --> 00:21:11,885
What Geldof had stumbled upon

296
00:21:11,920 --> 00:21:16,280
was something that those who ran
Ethiopia had been trying to hide -

297
00:21:16,315 --> 00:21:18,725
that the food brought in by Live Aid

298
00:21:18,760 --> 00:21:21,360
was being used as a weapon
in a civil war.

299
00:21:22,480 --> 00:21:26,000
Ethiopia's ruler was a brutal tyrant
called Colonel Mengistu.

300
00:21:27,320 --> 00:21:30,140
Mengistu had decided
that the only way to win the war

301
00:21:30,175 --> 00:21:32,960
was through a massive piece
of social engineering.

302
00:21:34,200 --> 00:21:36,800
He was going to literally
move millions of people

303
00:21:36,835 --> 00:21:39,357
out of the rebel areas in the north

304
00:21:39,392 --> 00:21:41,880
and relocate them
in the empty south,

305
00:21:41,915 --> 00:21:44,205
where they could no longer fight,

306
00:21:44,240 --> 00:21:47,005
and the food aid
was being used as bait

307
00:21:47,040 --> 00:21:51,240
to lure hundreds of thousands
of people into the refugee camps,

308
00:21:51,275 --> 00:21:54,800
where his troops then swooped in
and rounded them up.

309
00:21:57,600 --> 00:22:00,765
Live Aid was
an extraordinary achievement.

310
00:22:00,800 --> 00:22:04,080
It is estimated that it may have
cut the death toll in the famine

311
00:22:04,115 --> 00:22:05,320
by half.

312
00:22:07,040 --> 00:22:10,900
But the group Medecins Sans
Frontieres made the dramatic claim

313
00:22:10,935 --> 00:22:14,760
that the aid might have also
led to the same amount of deaths

314
00:22:14,795 --> 00:22:16,000
as it had saved.

315
00:22:17,320 --> 00:22:20,280
The mass relocations were so brutal,
they said,

316
00:22:20,315 --> 00:22:22,440
that over 100.000 people had died.

317
00:22:24,640 --> 00:22:27,000
It showed the weakness at the heart

318
00:22:27,035 --> 00:22:29,325
of the growing
humanitarian movement -

319
00:22:29,360 --> 00:22:32,085
that when they came face to face
with a brutal ruler

320
00:22:32,120 --> 00:22:36,680
like Colonel Mengistu, who was
using their aid not to save people,

321
00:22:36,715 --> 00:22:41,840
but to save himself and kill
thousands more in the process,

322
00:22:41,875 --> 00:22:43,560
they had no way of stopping him.

323
00:22:44,880 --> 00:22:46,840
They couldn't challenge power.

324
00:22:56,360 --> 00:22:59,240
I only wish I'd been born a woman,
then I'd have the same privileges

325
00:22:59,275 --> 00:23:02,440
as all the sort of women's libbers
who were sort of showing off

326
00:23:02,475 --> 00:23:04,440
about burning their bras
and all the rest of it.

327
00:23:04,475 --> 00:23:06,205
They can still marry. I can't.

328
00:23:06,240 --> 00:23:09,200
So I've got to try that little bit
harder by wearing make-up

329
00:23:09,235 --> 00:23:11,160
and trying to look good
all the time,

330
00:23:11,195 --> 00:23:12,880
feminists liking it or not.

331
00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:18,445
I think that
if a woman's got pride in herself

332
00:23:18,480 --> 00:23:20,840
and wants to look attractive
and wants to wear make-up,

333
00:23:20,875 --> 00:23:22,205
then, I don't know,

334
00:23:22,240 --> 00:23:25,320
more people will turn
and look at a fully-made-up woman.

335
00:23:25,355 --> 00:23:27,885
Well, it ain't right,
men dressing up as women.

336
00:23:27,920 --> 00:23:31,400
They're just a bunch of queers,
ain't they? BLEEP hell.

337
00:23:31,435 --> 00:23:33,597
How do you know that? What?
How do you know?

338
00:23:33,632 --> 00:23:35,896
We've got one in our school,
ain't we? Mr BLEEP.

339
00:23:35,931 --> 00:23:38,160
Yeah. He's a queer.
In the papers and everything.

340
00:23:38,195 --> 00:23:40,605
He goes round
touching all the kids' legs.

341
00:23:40,640 --> 00:23:44,840
They're a disgrace, touching
men's bollocks and everything.

342
00:23:44,875 --> 00:23:46,937
Well, she wasn't doing that,
was she?

343
00:23:46,972 --> 00:23:49,000
I dunno. It's not even a she, is it?

344
00:23:49,035 --> 00:23:51,440
It's a he trying be a she.

345
00:23:52,480 --> 00:23:54,965
Julia Grant was now
living as a woman,

346
00:23:55,000 --> 00:23:59,880
while she carried on being
interviewed by the NHS psychiatrist,

347
00:23:59,915 --> 00:24:03,617
but she was becoming increasingly
frustrated and angry

348
00:24:03,652 --> 00:24:07,320
with the process, and she decided
to challenge the power

349
00:24:07,355 --> 00:24:09,400
the psychiatrist had over her.

350
00:24:11,160 --> 00:24:14,920
She travelled to the south coast to
see a surgeon at a private clinic.

351
00:24:16,320 --> 00:24:18,200
She went with her partner, Amir.

352
00:24:19,280 --> 00:24:22,040
He was a refugee
who had fled persecution in Iraq.

353
00:24:24,760 --> 00:24:28,040
The surgeon agreed
to give Julia breast implants...

354
00:24:30,800 --> 00:24:35,400
..and, after the operation, Julia
went to confront the psychiatrist.

355
00:24:37,880 --> 00:24:40,125
I am supposed to be
directing your case

356
00:24:40,160 --> 00:24:43,525
because it's primarily
a psychiatric matter,

357
00:24:43,560 --> 00:24:46,880
and I must confess, I take
exception to you doing that.

358
00:24:46,915 --> 00:24:49,085
Well, I thought it was
something permanent.

359
00:24:49,120 --> 00:24:52,120
I needed something to establish
that I was doing what I was doing.

360
00:24:52,155 --> 00:24:55,040
It's a medical matter.
It isn't a personal choice.

361
00:24:56,360 --> 00:24:58,325
I like to be informed.

362
00:24:58,360 --> 00:25:01,200
See, once again,
you're overstepping the mark,

363
00:25:01,235 --> 00:25:03,160
and I don't like it one bit.

364
00:25:04,240 --> 00:25:06,165
I don't wish to appear
to be petulant,

365
00:25:06,200 --> 00:25:09,440
but, really,
you're not arranging this affair

366
00:25:09,475 --> 00:25:12,245
in a manner that fits our protocol.

367
00:25:12,280 --> 00:25:17,560
We like to do it in our way,
where we know what's going on,

368
00:25:17,595 --> 00:25:20,917
and I don't like people
to step out of line.

369
00:25:20,952 --> 00:25:24,205
I find it, to say the very least,
irritating.

370
00:25:24,240 --> 00:25:27,920
Well, I'm having difficulties
with the guy I'm living with...

371
00:25:27,955 --> 00:25:30,320
So do many of my patients
with their associates.

372
00:25:30,355 --> 00:25:31,800
Why should you be different?

373
00:25:32,840 --> 00:25:35,880
I don't think you have conducted
yourself particularly tactfully

374
00:25:35,915 --> 00:25:39,880
in all this, and there
I think the interview will end.

375
00:25:39,915 --> 00:25:41,200
Thank you very much.

376
00:25:43,600 --> 00:25:46,160
You'd better come and see me
in another few months.

377
00:25:49,880 --> 00:25:51,560
Why can't I have the operation?

378
00:25:51,595 --> 00:25:52,937
Why can't I pay for it?

379
00:25:52,972 --> 00:25:54,245
They don't like that.

380
00:25:54,280 --> 00:25:56,560
They like you to be very placid
and just sit there

381
00:25:56,595 --> 00:25:58,565
and just do as you're told.

382
00:25:58,600 --> 00:26:00,320
And if you don't do as you're told,

383
00:26:00,355 --> 00:26:02,040
then you're going
against the system,

384
00:26:02,075 --> 00:26:03,640
and then the system won't help.

385
00:26:04,840 --> 00:26:07,720
After all, it's my mind.
I know what I want.

386
00:26:07,755 --> 00:26:09,680
Nobody else can get inside me.

387
00:26:12,120 --> 00:26:15,725
Julia went back north
to see her family,

388
00:26:15,760 --> 00:26:19,280
to tell them that she was going
to defy the medical establishment.

389
00:26:20,520 --> 00:26:23,640
She would find a way to pay
for the operation herself.

390
00:26:25,280 --> 00:26:28,320
She travelled through
the old industrial cities,

391
00:26:28,355 --> 00:26:31,325
where many of the factories
were now closing

392
00:26:31,360 --> 00:26:35,120
in the wave of de-industrialisation
that was sweeping through Britain.

393
00:26:38,600 --> 00:26:41,480
Factories and terraced houses.
That's all it is.

394
00:26:46,200 --> 00:26:49,360
It's like Coronation Street, innit?

395
00:26:49,395 --> 00:26:51,320
That whole view. It's amazing.

396
00:26:52,320 --> 00:26:53,680
Back-to-back.

397
00:26:57,040 --> 00:27:01,440
* Take me out tonight

398
00:27:03,760 --> 00:27:07,680
* Where there's music and there's
people who are young and alive

399
00:27:11,560 --> 00:27:14,485
* Driving in your car

400
00:27:14,520 --> 00:27:17,805
* I never, never wanna go home

401
00:27:17,840 --> 00:27:23,760
* Because I haven't got one any more

402
00:27:27,320 --> 00:27:31,040
* Take me out tonight

403
00:27:33,280 --> 00:27:37,560
* Cos I wanna see people
and I wanna see lights

404
00:27:40,960 --> 00:27:44,205
* Driving in your car

405
00:27:44,240 --> 00:27:47,045
* Oh, please don't drop me home

406
00:27:47,080 --> 00:27:49,920
* Because it's not my home,
it's their home,

407
00:27:49,955 --> 00:27:51,840
* And I'm welcome no more... *

408
00:27:54,560 --> 00:27:58,045
In the mid 1980s,
a young girl called Chai Ling

409
00:27:58,080 --> 00:28:02,640
had come from the provinces to study
psychology at Beijing University.

410
00:28:04,200 --> 00:28:09,920
She became fascinated by an American
psychologist called Abraham Maslow.

411
00:28:09,955 --> 00:28:12,365
He taught that
the human beings of the future

412
00:28:12,400 --> 00:28:15,760
would be driven by what he called
self-actualisation.

413
00:28:17,800 --> 00:28:19,165
They would be guided

414
00:28:19,200 --> 00:28:21,420
only by what they felt inside,

415
00:28:21,455 --> 00:28:23,640
not by what they were told to do.

416
00:28:24,840 --> 00:28:27,800
These are the people
who would resist suggestions.

417
00:28:27,835 --> 00:28:30,005
They would choose
what they wanted to do.

418
00:28:30,040 --> 00:28:33,405
You might urge them to do something,
and somebody else might,

419
00:28:33,440 --> 00:28:38,880
but it was their decision, doing
what they themselves decided to do.

420
00:28:38,915 --> 00:28:43,165
They look within,
making real the inner self,

421
00:28:43,200 --> 00:28:47,360
which is independent of the century,
independent of the culture, even.

422
00:28:54,720 --> 00:28:57,245
Then, one night,
Chai Ling was drugged

423
00:28:57,280 --> 00:29:00,360
and, she believed,
raped by another student,

424
00:29:00,395 --> 00:29:03,005
but the authorities did nothing,

425
00:29:03,040 --> 00:29:06,520
and she decided to join
the growing student protests

426
00:29:06,555 --> 00:29:09,280
against what they saw
as a corrupt regime

427
00:29:09,315 --> 00:29:11,160
that was now in charge of China.

428
00:29:13,280 --> 00:29:18,000
Deng Xiaoping had got rid of both
revolutionary ideas and democracy...

429
00:29:19,560 --> 00:29:23,400
..and, in that void, corruption
had taken over the whole society.

430
00:29:24,560 --> 00:29:27,760
Party officials everywhere
were looting billions of dollars.

431
00:29:29,200 --> 00:29:33,400
All that mattered now in China
was money and connections.

432
00:29:37,840 --> 00:29:41,620
The first thing in life
is money,

433
00:29:41,655 --> 00:29:45,365
and the second thing is connections.

434
00:29:45,400 --> 00:29:48,280
It is very important
to have connections.

435
00:29:48,315 --> 00:29:49,925
When you know people,

436
00:29:49,960 --> 00:29:53,880
then, wherever you go,
things become so much easier.

437
00:29:58,480 --> 00:30:04,240
In April 1989, the one leader that
the students trusted, Hu Yaobang,

438
00:30:04,275 --> 00:30:06,560
died of a heart attack
at a party meeting.

439
00:30:09,040 --> 00:30:12,120
Students started to come
to Tiananmen Square to mourn him.

440
00:30:13,560 --> 00:30:15,080
Chai Ling was among them.

441
00:30:16,560 --> 00:30:19,380
And, as more and more people
came to the square,

442
00:30:19,415 --> 00:30:22,200
she became one of the most vocal
of the protesters.

443
00:30:27,400 --> 00:30:30,440
CROWD CHANTS BACK HER WORDS

444
00:30:40,760 --> 00:30:44,045
CHEERING

445
00:30:44,080 --> 00:30:47,160
Soon, over a million protesters
filled the square...

446
00:30:49,360 --> 00:30:52,960
..but the government
refused the students' demands

447
00:30:52,995 --> 00:30:56,560
for more democracy,
and the movement started to split.

448
00:31:00,120 --> 00:31:02,800
HEATED DISCUSSION

449
00:31:03,840 --> 00:31:06,260
The radical faction
began a hunger strike

450
00:31:06,295 --> 00:31:08,680
to try and force
the government to respond.

451
00:31:09,800 --> 00:31:12,640
Chai Ling had now risen
to become one of the leaders

452
00:31:12,675 --> 00:31:14,885
of the radical movement.

453
00:31:14,920 --> 00:31:18,560
She later wrote that the experience
made her an independent woman.

454
00:31:19,600 --> 00:31:23,600
She herself was liberated,
and became a self-actualiser.

455
00:31:31,200 --> 00:31:33,800
But many of the other student
leaders were frightened

456
00:31:33,835 --> 00:31:35,760
that she was going to
create disaster.

457
00:31:37,600 --> 00:31:39,960
The government was still
refusing to negotiate,

458
00:31:39,995 --> 00:31:42,320
and the protest leaders
held a tense meeting.

459
00:31:44,120 --> 00:31:48,640
Many of them argued that they should
retreat now, on such a high,

460
00:31:48,675 --> 00:31:51,320
which would force the party
to accept real reform.

461
00:31:52,480 --> 00:31:54,920
If they didn't,
there would be stalemate,

462
00:31:54,955 --> 00:31:56,120
and then killing.

463
00:31:57,760 --> 00:32:01,760
In the vote, Chai Ling raised
her hand, which made it unanimous.

464
00:32:03,840 --> 00:32:06,885
But that evening,
she changed her mind,

465
00:32:06,920 --> 00:32:10,040
and she helped persuade the students
to stay in the square.

466
00:32:12,560 --> 00:32:16,560
The next day, she called an American
journalist called Phil Cunningham,

467
00:32:16,595 --> 00:32:18,640
and gave an extraordinary interview.

468
00:32:21,120 --> 00:32:22,885
Chai Ling had suddenly realised

469
00:32:22,920 --> 00:32:26,880
that combining the new force of
individualism with collective action

470
00:32:26,915 --> 00:32:28,880
was never going to work.

471
00:32:30,000 --> 00:32:32,560
She felt the contradiction
deep within herself.

472
00:32:34,000 --> 00:32:37,000
She had realised that,
in the age of the individual,

473
00:32:37,035 --> 00:32:38,885
it was no longer
going to be possible

474
00:32:38,920 --> 00:32:42,680
for people to give up their lives
for a greater cause.

475
00:32:44,200 --> 00:32:48,280
To be honest, from the
day I called for a hunger strike,

476
00:32:48,315 --> 00:32:50,480
I knew we would not get any results.

477
00:32:53,200 --> 00:32:56,440
Certain people,
certain causes are bound to fail.

478
00:32:59,080 --> 00:33:01,680
I have been very clear about this
all along...

479
00:33:03,600 --> 00:33:07,120
..but I've made an effort
to present a staunch image

480
00:33:07,155 --> 00:33:10,577
to show that we were striving
for victory.

481
00:33:10,612 --> 00:33:14,000
But, deep down,
I knew it was all futile.

482
00:33:15,360 --> 00:33:19,000
All along, I've kept it to myself,
because, being Chinese,

483
00:33:19,035 --> 00:33:22,045
I felt I shouldn't
bad-mouth the Chinese.

484
00:33:22,080 --> 00:33:26,040
But I can't help thinking sometimes,
and I might as well say it.

485
00:33:26,075 --> 00:33:29,720
You, the Chinese,
you are not worth my struggle.

486
00:33:29,755 --> 00:33:31,640
You are not worth my sacrifice.

487
00:33:35,560 --> 00:33:38,640
The students keep asking,
"What shall we do next?

488
00:33:38,675 --> 00:33:40,725
"What can we accomplish?"

489
00:33:40,760 --> 00:33:44,325
I feel so sad,
because how can I tell them

490
00:33:44,360 --> 00:33:47,200
that what we are actually hoping for
is bloodshed?

491
00:33:48,560 --> 00:33:51,040
For the moment
when the government has no choice

492
00:33:51,075 --> 00:33:52,880
but to brazenly butcher the people?

493
00:33:54,240 --> 00:33:57,180
Only when the square
is awash with blood

494
00:33:57,215 --> 00:34:00,267
will the people of China
open their eyes.

495
00:34:00,302 --> 00:34:03,285
Only then
will they really be united.

496
00:34:03,320 --> 00:34:05,560
Are you going to stay
in the square yourself?

497
00:34:08,080 --> 00:34:09,360
No, I won't.

498
00:34:11,640 --> 00:34:15,320
I'm not going to let myself
be destroyed by this government.

499
00:34:15,355 --> 00:34:16,680
I want to live.

500
00:34:19,920 --> 00:34:21,325
Five days later,

501
00:34:21,360 --> 00:34:25,200
Deng Xiaoping sent the troops
and tanks in to clear the square.

502
00:34:40,400 --> 00:34:44,360
HE SINGS

503
00:35:56,640 --> 00:35:59,240
Boris Yeltsin was the president
of the new Russia.

504
00:36:00,720 --> 00:36:03,880
He had promised to turn the country
into a mass democracy.

505
00:36:05,240 --> 00:36:08,205
Yeltsin appointed
a group of young technocrats,

506
00:36:08,240 --> 00:36:12,240
and they set out to do this through
what they called shock therapy,

507
00:36:12,275 --> 00:36:14,960
advised by western bankers
and economists.

508
00:36:16,320 --> 00:36:18,485
They believed
that they had to move fast

509
00:36:18,520 --> 00:36:21,320
because the communists
might try and take power again.

510
00:36:25,520 --> 00:36:29,245
But behind it
was a grander utopian idea

511
00:36:29,280 --> 00:36:32,840
that it might start the spread
of democracy all around the world.

512
00:36:41,480 --> 00:36:42,765
But at this very moment,

513
00:36:42,800 --> 00:36:46,000
in the West,
the opposite started to happen.

514
00:36:47,120 --> 00:36:50,805
The whole idea of mass democracy
began to be questioned

515
00:36:50,840 --> 00:36:55,040
and undermined from inside
the political establishment itself.

516
00:36:57,160 --> 00:36:59,405
It began almost unnoticed,

517
00:36:59,440 --> 00:37:03,360
hidden behind the wave of enthusiasm
after the fall of communism.

518
00:37:04,880 --> 00:37:07,880
But a political scientist
called Peter Mair

519
00:37:07,915 --> 00:37:10,845
has argued
that what happened in the 1990s

520
00:37:10,880 --> 00:37:15,000
was that the old idea of democracy
started to disappear in the West...

521
00:37:16,560 --> 00:37:19,325
..and it was replaced
by something else

522
00:37:19,360 --> 00:37:23,240
which we haven't fully
comprehended yet, or even seen.

523
00:37:23,275 --> 00:37:27,120
because it is outside
the old categories of politics.

524
00:37:30,280 --> 00:37:34,240
Western politicians, Mair said,
literally changed their roles.

525
00:37:35,640 --> 00:37:39,485
They gave up being
representatives of the people,

526
00:37:39,520 --> 00:37:43,380
and instead they became the agents
of a new bureaucracy

527
00:37:43,415 --> 00:37:47,147
which was rising up
and promising that it could manage

528
00:37:47,182 --> 00:37:50,880
the dangerous and unpredictable
force of individualism

529
00:37:50,915 --> 00:37:53,040
better than the politicians could.

530
00:37:55,000 --> 00:37:58,840
Just as the activists in China
had found with Chai Ling,

531
00:37:58,875 --> 00:38:02,885
individualism and its drive
to self-actualisation

532
00:38:02,920 --> 00:38:07,640
can corrode and eat away at the
collective power of mass democracy.

533
00:38:08,920 --> 00:38:13,000
Peter Mair said the same
was now happening in the West.

534
00:38:16,200 --> 00:38:19,320
The first politician
to confront this was Bill Clinton.

535
00:38:21,160 --> 00:38:24,140
He came to power
promising to represent

536
00:38:24,175 --> 00:38:27,085
what he called
the forgotten middle class.

537
00:38:27,120 --> 00:38:31,020
But very quickly, within weeks
of entering the White House,

538
00:38:31,055 --> 00:38:34,920
Clinton agreed to give up
on many of his promised reforms,

539
00:38:34,955 --> 00:38:37,480
and to give power
over to the financial world.

540
00:38:38,640 --> 00:38:41,400
He did this not through
any cynical motive,

541
00:38:41,435 --> 00:38:44,160
but because he knew
that the old power base

542
00:38:44,195 --> 00:38:46,480
of mass politics had gone.

543
00:38:48,920 --> 00:38:51,440
No-one joined political parties
any more.

544
00:38:52,560 --> 00:38:54,920
Organised labour
was a vanishing force.

545
00:38:56,320 --> 00:38:58,005
Clinton might be in office,

546
00:38:58,040 --> 00:39:02,960
but he no longer had the collective
power of the people behind him.

547
00:39:02,995 --> 00:39:05,005
The power that, in the past,

548
00:39:05,040 --> 00:39:08,600
had allowed politicians
to challenge the elites in society.

549
00:39:12,400 --> 00:39:16,100
And, in the face of that, Clinton
decided to give power instead

550
00:39:16,135 --> 00:39:19,800
to the new force that promised
that it could create a wealthier

551
00:39:19,835 --> 00:39:21,765
and happier society -

552
00:39:21,800 --> 00:39:25,520
the bankers and the economists
and the management experts

553
00:39:25,555 --> 00:39:27,817
who were now spreading
and multiplying

554
00:39:27,852 --> 00:39:30,080
through the corridors of Washington.

555
00:39:33,480 --> 00:39:36,280
We know big government
does not have all the answers.

556
00:39:36,315 --> 00:39:39,080
We know there's not a programme
for every problem.

557
00:39:40,440 --> 00:39:42,920
The era of big government is over.

558
00:39:43,920 --> 00:39:47,160
If the new bureaucracy
delivered on their promises,

559
00:39:47,195 --> 00:39:49,000
it was going to be
a wonderful world.

560
00:39:50,440 --> 00:39:52,125
But if something went wrong,

561
00:39:52,160 --> 00:39:55,840
then the politicians would have no
power with which to confront them.

562
00:39:57,160 --> 00:39:59,320
The shift in politics had begun.

563
00:40:06,920 --> 00:40:09,320
SHOUTING

564
00:40:23,480 --> 00:40:27,640
In Russia, the democracy experiment
had gone out of control.

565
00:40:27,675 --> 00:40:30,760
The president, Boris Yeltsin,
had lost all power.

566
00:40:31,920 --> 00:40:35,440
It had been seized by a small group
called the oligarchs,

567
00:40:35,475 --> 00:40:37,320
who were using it to loot Russia.

568
00:40:38,840 --> 00:40:40,680
There was massive inflation.

569
00:40:40,715 --> 00:40:42,485
Millions of people were reduced

570
00:40:42,520 --> 00:40:44,600
to selling what they owned
on the street.

571
00:40:46,280 --> 00:40:51,960
The life expectancy of a Russian man
fell from 65 in 1987

572
00:40:51,995 --> 00:40:54,040
to 58 in 1993.

573
00:40:56,440 --> 00:40:58,845
There was fury
in the Russian parliament.

574
00:40:58,880 --> 00:41:02,880
Its leader accused Yeltsin
of economic genocide,

575
00:41:02,915 --> 00:41:05,000
and demanded
that he stop the experiment.

576
00:41:07,000 --> 00:41:08,040
Nyet.

577
00:41:09,080 --> 00:41:12,365
Yeltsin responded
by dissolving parliament.

578
00:41:12,400 --> 00:41:15,160
He cut the phone lines
and sealed the building off.

579
00:41:16,280 --> 00:41:18,520
SHE RESPONDS

580
00:41:19,840 --> 00:41:21,920
But a group of protesters
broke through.

581
00:41:24,800 --> 00:41:27,520
And fighting began
around the parliament,

582
00:41:27,555 --> 00:41:30,240
and then spread
to the television station.

583
00:41:30,275 --> 00:41:32,800
SHOUTING AND GUNFIRE

584
00:41:37,880 --> 00:41:40,880
SHOUTING

585
00:41:43,360 --> 00:41:46,400
GUNFIRE

586
00:41:50,920 --> 00:41:54,520
Yeltsin portrayed it as
a stark battle of good against evil.

587
00:41:55,520 --> 00:41:57,360
He was backed by President Clinton.

588
00:41:58,560 --> 00:42:00,125
Clinton said it was the only way

589
00:42:00,160 --> 00:42:03,360
for Russia to become part
of the new global economy

590
00:42:03,395 --> 00:42:05,520
and defeat its dangerous past.

591
00:42:12,200 --> 00:42:13,645
But in among the fighting

592
00:42:13,680 --> 00:42:16,760
was a man who believed that he knew
what was really happening.

593
00:42:18,760 --> 00:42:21,280
Eduard Limonov had been expelled
from the Soviet Union

594
00:42:21,315 --> 00:42:22,560
20 years before.

595
00:42:24,120 --> 00:42:26,765
He had lived in New York
in the 1970s,

596
00:42:26,800 --> 00:42:30,160
the moment when the banks
who now ran the global system

597
00:42:30,195 --> 00:42:32,000
were beginning their rise to power.

598
00:42:33,200 --> 00:42:35,960
Limonov was convinced
that what was happening now

599
00:42:35,995 --> 00:42:37,960
had nothing to do with democracy.

600
00:42:39,200 --> 00:42:43,085
It was what he called
the geopolitics of money -

601
00:42:43,120 --> 00:42:46,740
a force that had already enslaved
the American people

602
00:42:46,775 --> 00:42:50,360
and now wanted to bend
the Russian people to its word.

603
00:42:59,120 --> 00:43:03,240
And when Yeltsin ordered the tanks
to attack the Russian parliament,

604
00:43:03,275 --> 00:43:04,965
backed by the American president

605
00:43:05,000 --> 00:43:08,485
and by the bankers
and the economic experts,

606
00:43:08,520 --> 00:43:11,880
Limonov decided
he was going to fight this system.

607
00:43:14,160 --> 00:43:16,600
Because he knew its one weakness.

608
00:43:17,800 --> 00:43:19,920
It told no stories about the past...

609
00:43:21,040 --> 00:43:23,800
..and it had no vision
of the future.

610
00:43:25,560 --> 00:43:28,400
Its only aim
was to keep the system stable.

611
00:43:38,040 --> 00:43:40,440
Limonov had visited
the Serbian nationalists

612
00:43:40,475 --> 00:43:42,840
who were besieging
the city of Sarajevo.

613
00:43:44,480 --> 00:43:47,400
He was the guest of their leader,
Radovan Karadzic.

614
00:43:49,160 --> 00:43:52,205
Karadzic told him
about the powerful nationalism

615
00:43:52,240 --> 00:43:56,280
that was now reawakening
after the fall of communism.

616
00:43:56,315 --> 00:43:59,617
Serbs used to possess
the entire ground.

617
00:43:59,652 --> 00:44:02,920
We own this country.
This is our country.

618
00:44:02,955 --> 00:44:04,925
Turks have been here occupiers,

619
00:44:04,960 --> 00:44:08,560
and the Muslims are successors
of those occupiers.

620
00:44:08,595 --> 00:44:11,800
So traditional imposed geopolitics.

621
00:44:11,835 --> 00:44:13,320
Geopolitics. Yes, exactly.

622
00:44:17,920 --> 00:44:22,720
Limonov became notorious when he was
then filmed firing a machinegun -

623
00:44:22,755 --> 00:44:26,040
in what seemed a random manner -
into the city below.

624
00:44:40,680 --> 00:44:43,245
You are very courageous people,

625
00:44:43,280 --> 00:44:46,720
despite anything
what is against you,

626
00:44:46,755 --> 00:44:48,920
it's a great power of almost...

627
00:44:48,955 --> 00:44:50,445
Almost the entire world.

628
00:44:50,480 --> 00:44:54,565
Yeah, 15 countries against you
and you resist.

629
00:44:54,600 --> 00:44:59,520
And I repeat again -we Russians,
we should take example from you.

630
00:44:59,555 --> 00:45:00,845
UPBEAT MUSIC

631
00:45:00,880 --> 00:45:06,400
Limonov realised that something was
re-emerging from the past in Bosnia

632
00:45:06,435 --> 00:45:08,600
that might have
the power to confront

633
00:45:08,635 --> 00:45:10,200
the new system of global money.

634
00:45:11,240 --> 00:45:16,200
It was nationalism, and the national
myths that came with it.

635
00:45:16,235 --> 00:45:19,960
They were powerful stories
that linked people together

636
00:45:19,995 --> 00:45:21,720
and gave them a collective power.

637
00:45:23,080 --> 00:45:25,600
Something that individualism
could never do.

638
00:45:41,840 --> 00:45:45,360
What's Up
by 4 Non Blondes

639
00:45:53,120 --> 00:45:55,165
All you girls that believe men
are bastards,

640
00:45:55,200 --> 00:45:58,120
you should be near the front.
I'll need you later on.

641
00:45:58,155 --> 00:45:59,485
Ah, they're coming.

642
00:45:59,520 --> 00:46:02,805
* Oh, my God, do I try

643
00:46:02,840 --> 00:46:06,005
* I try all the time... *

644
00:46:06,040 --> 00:46:08,840
Oh, I remember the '60s.
I used to dress like that.

645
00:46:10,960 --> 00:46:13,325
In the end, Julia had realised

646
00:46:13,360 --> 00:46:17,520
that her psychiatrist was never
going to let her have surgery.

647
00:46:17,555 --> 00:46:21,840
"She was", he said,
"not ladylike enough and too pushy."

648
00:46:23,960 --> 00:46:26,245
She had gone to a private surgeon

649
00:46:26,280 --> 00:46:29,560
and finally become what she had
always known was the true person.

650
00:46:33,520 --> 00:46:37,520
But, only weeks after the surgery,
she had collapsed from bleeding.

651
00:46:39,200 --> 00:46:41,885
She was taken into hospital
unconscious,

652
00:46:41,920 --> 00:46:44,920
where she was treated
for a suspected miscarriage

653
00:46:44,955 --> 00:46:47,920
by doctors who had no idea
of her medical history.

654
00:46:49,480 --> 00:46:53,240
The surgery was damaged,
she could no longer have sex...

655
00:46:54,480 --> 00:46:55,640
..and Amir left her...

656
00:46:57,240 --> 00:46:58,760
..and she was alone.

657
00:47:00,960 --> 00:47:04,720
If the truth be known, some
of my friends have never, ever asked

658
00:47:04,755 --> 00:47:07,480
how I feel, how I am,
why I'm always alone.

659
00:47:11,000 --> 00:47:13,500
People...
Well, there are one or two people

660
00:47:13,535 --> 00:47:16,267
that I actually discuss
the problems with.

661
00:47:16,302 --> 00:47:19,000
The first time,
maybe five or six years ago,

662
00:47:19,035 --> 00:47:21,285
and the person that I told...

663
00:47:21,320 --> 00:47:24,760
..only used it against me
and he went off with somebody else.

664
00:47:24,795 --> 00:47:30,160
And when I asked why, you know,
it's thrown in my face.

665
00:47:30,195 --> 00:47:32,480
"Well, you're not
a real woman anyway.

666
00:47:32,515 --> 00:47:34,365
"What am I supposed to do?"

667
00:47:34,400 --> 00:47:36,605
And when you get knocked like that,

668
00:47:36,640 --> 00:47:39,900
and you have to face up
to that kind of thing,

669
00:47:39,935 --> 00:47:43,160
I suppose it makes you
just a little bit weary.

670
00:47:43,195 --> 00:47:44,920
Most people listening to that
would say,

671
00:47:44,955 --> 00:47:46,840
"Oh, what a shame, how sad", but...

672
00:47:48,480 --> 00:47:50,320
..I suppose if love
slapped me in the face,

673
00:47:50,355 --> 00:47:52,040
I wouldn't even recognise it now.

674
00:47:57,440 --> 00:48:00,080
Julia had challenged
the old power in Britain.

675
00:48:01,280 --> 00:48:04,400
She had stood up
against her psychiatrist and won.

676
00:48:05,800 --> 00:48:09,640
Her victory was a symbol of
the decline of that old paternalism.

677
00:48:11,120 --> 00:48:15,080
But now she had discovered how
difficult individualism could be.

678
00:48:16,160 --> 00:48:19,400
That, when things go wrong,
you are weak and alone.

679
00:48:41,240 --> 00:48:43,400
SHE MOUTHS SILENTLY

680
00:49:01,880 --> 00:49:04,040
But as individuals
were beginning to feel

681
00:49:04,075 --> 00:49:06,245
the limitations of their power,

682
00:49:06,280 --> 00:49:08,980
the new class
that had grown up to manage them

683
00:49:09,015 --> 00:49:11,680
was growing stronger
and more confident...

684
00:49:13,440 --> 00:49:15,565
..and they began to see democracy

685
00:49:15,600 --> 00:49:18,260
not just as something
to be bypassed,

686
00:49:18,295 --> 00:49:20,920
but as a potentially
dangerous force.

687
00:49:23,000 --> 00:49:24,685
By the mid-1990s,

688
00:49:24,720 --> 00:49:28,285
technocrats in the political
think-tanks in the West

689
00:49:28,320 --> 00:49:31,760
were becoming frightened
that elections all across the world

690
00:49:31,795 --> 00:49:35,200
were producing what they called
the wrong kind of result.

691
00:49:38,240 --> 00:49:42,325
In Algeria, a party called
the Islamic Salvation Front

692
00:49:42,360 --> 00:49:45,920
took the majority of votes
in the first round of an election.

693
00:49:47,120 --> 00:49:48,480
It was a stunning victory.

694
00:49:49,640 --> 00:49:53,080
But people feared that its real aim
was to turn the country

695
00:49:53,115 --> 00:49:56,600
into an Islamist state
and get rid of democracy.

696
00:49:58,560 --> 00:50:02,120
Western politicians found themselves
supporting a military coup

697
00:50:02,155 --> 00:50:03,920
that stopped the elections.

698
00:50:06,600 --> 00:50:07,845
THEY CHANT

699
00:50:07,880 --> 00:50:10,440
But, in Europe,
the extreme right paraded openly.

700
00:50:11,640 --> 00:50:13,900
They protested
against the immigrants

701
00:50:13,935 --> 00:50:16,160
coming from Africa
and the Middle East.

702
00:50:16,195 --> 00:50:20,000
THEY CHANT

703
00:50:21,640 --> 00:50:25,520
The foreigners
take away houses in Germany,

704
00:50:25,555 --> 00:50:28,125
bring drugs and all kinds of filth.

705
00:50:28,160 --> 00:50:31,760
They steal German workplaces
and they filthy up the environment.

706
00:50:33,600 --> 00:50:38,360
For me now, the most important
inspiration is Adolf Hitler.

707
00:50:55,440 --> 00:50:57,365
And faced by the horror
in the Balkans,

708
00:50:57,400 --> 00:51:00,920
President Clinton's representative,
called Richard Holbrooke,

709
00:51:00,955 --> 00:51:03,040
brought the question
out into the open.

710
00:51:04,560 --> 00:51:07,925
"Suppose elections
are free and fair", he said,

711
00:51:07,960 --> 00:51:12,920
"and those elected
are racists, fascists, separatists.

712
00:51:12,955 --> 00:51:14,320
"That is the dilemma."

713
00:51:21,000 --> 00:51:24,320
An American political scientist
called Fareed Zakaria,

714
00:51:24,355 --> 00:51:26,645
put it more bluntly.

715
00:51:26,680 --> 00:51:30,765
"The people, we are told", he said,
"are the most important.

716
00:51:30,800 --> 00:51:35,720
"We are driven by the phrase, 'the
American people are not stupid, '

717
00:51:35,755 --> 00:51:37,240
"but what if they are?"

718
00:51:40,040 --> 00:51:45,120
But the political scientists were
not alone in distrusting people,

719
00:51:45,155 --> 00:51:48,880
for, at the same time,
a group of behavioural psychologists

720
00:51:48,915 --> 00:51:51,360
who were becoming
increasingly influential

721
00:51:51,395 --> 00:51:53,365
were insisting that individuals

722
00:51:53,400 --> 00:51:56,720
also made the wrong decisions
in the marketplace.

723
00:51:58,200 --> 00:52:01,720
They were not behaving in the
logical, self-interested ways

724
00:52:01,755 --> 00:52:03,520
that economics said they should.

725
00:52:05,360 --> 00:52:08,680
The most famous of them
was called Daniel Kahneman.

726
00:52:08,715 --> 00:52:11,080
He would win a Nobel Prize
for his work.

727
00:52:12,800 --> 00:52:16,720
For 30 years, Kahneman had been
studying human behaviour

728
00:52:16,755 --> 00:52:18,565
and he had discovered, he said,

729
00:52:18,600 --> 00:52:22,880
that human beings actually had
two systems inside their brains.

730
00:52:24,160 --> 00:52:28,280
One of them they were aware of,
which they thought was in control.

731
00:52:30,120 --> 00:52:32,685
The other was an instinctive part

732
00:52:32,720 --> 00:52:34,800
that really drove
most of their actions.

733
00:52:35,840 --> 00:52:38,480
A part that they were
completely unaware of.

734
00:52:40,320 --> 00:52:42,980
This new psychology
was a powerful attack

735
00:52:43,015 --> 00:52:45,640
on the whole idea
of the confident self.

736
00:52:46,720 --> 00:52:49,660
Because the picture the
psychologists painted

737
00:52:49,695 --> 00:52:52,565
of human society was
of millions of individuals

738
00:52:52,600 --> 00:52:55,360
living most of the time
thinking that they were rational

739
00:52:55,395 --> 00:52:56,560
and in control...

740
00:52:57,880 --> 00:53:00,285
..whilst something else inside them

741
00:53:00,320 --> 00:53:02,680
was really guiding
many of their actions...

742
00:53:03,800 --> 00:53:05,280
..without them knowing it.

743
00:53:06,760 --> 00:53:08,485
But, Kahneman said,

744
00:53:08,520 --> 00:53:11,800
there was an underlying pattern
to this irrational behaviour.

745
00:53:12,960 --> 00:53:16,560
It meant that if somehow
you could gather enough data

746
00:53:16,595 --> 00:53:20,517
on human beings' behaviour,
you could see the patterns

747
00:53:20,552 --> 00:53:24,440
and so predict what they would do,
and manage them.

748
00:53:25,920 --> 00:53:27,125
But, to do that,

749
00:53:27,160 --> 00:53:31,765
you would have to bypass and ignore
their conscious self,

750
00:53:31,800 --> 00:53:35,640
because it was the behaviour -
not the thoughts -that counted.

751
00:53:41,360 --> 00:53:44,320
LOUD DANCE MUSIC

752
00:54:24,800 --> 00:54:29,280
THEY TALK HEATEDLY

753
00:54:31,120 --> 00:54:35,240
HE RESPONDS ANGRILY

754
00:54:39,840 --> 00:54:42,740

around me

755
00:54:42,775 --> 00:54:45,605
* Inside your arms, I'm burning

756
00:54:45,640 --> 00:54:48,800
* Put your lovin' arms
around me... *

757
00:54:50,720 --> 00:54:54,960
In Russia, President Yeltsin
had lost all control.

758
00:54:54,995 --> 00:54:56,840
He was drunk most of the time.

759
00:55:02,080 --> 00:55:03,760
MURMURING

760
00:55:05,200 --> 00:55:07,485
He had become the puppet
of the oligarchs,

761
00:55:07,520 --> 00:55:12,440
who had taken over all the media
and blocked any opposition.

762
00:55:12,475 --> 00:55:14,880
But there was one opponent.

763
00:55:14,915 --> 00:55:17,165
It was Eduard Limonov.

764
00:55:17,200 --> 00:55:19,080
..the Queen, the fascist regime!

765
00:55:22,320 --> 00:55:26,560
HE SPEAKS ON TANNOY

766
00:55:26,595 --> 00:55:28,325
THEY CHEER

767
00:55:28,360 --> 00:55:31,240
He had started his own tiny party.

768
00:55:31,275 --> 00:55:34,085
He called it
the National Bolsheviks.

769
00:55:34,120 --> 00:55:38,360
It was, he said,
a fusion of fascism and communism,

770
00:55:38,395 --> 00:55:40,600
and the party flag
was designed to show this.

771
00:55:42,400 --> 00:55:47,560
THEY CHANT

772
00:55:50,320 --> 00:55:52,965
But it wasn't simple nostalgia.

773
00:55:53,000 --> 00:55:55,620
Limonov wanted to shock people
out of accepting

774
00:55:55,655 --> 00:55:58,240
the completely corrupt society
around them.

775
00:55:59,600 --> 00:56:03,560
He wanted to go back to the original
roots of fascism and nationalism.

776
00:56:04,800 --> 00:56:06,920
To the idea
that if you can find a story

777
00:56:06,955 --> 00:56:09,685
powerful enough to inspire people,

778
00:56:09,720 --> 00:56:12,485
you can then use
that collective power

779
00:56:12,520 --> 00:56:16,640
both to sweep away the corrupt
rulers and change reality.

780
00:56:18,680 --> 00:56:21,260
It was something
that had been wiped and forgotten

781
00:56:21,295 --> 00:56:23,840
because of the horrors it had led to
in the past.

782
00:56:25,480 --> 00:56:29,340
And the individualism that had been
promoted so strongly in the West

783
00:56:29,375 --> 00:56:33,200
after the Second World War had been
a force shield against that.

784
00:56:34,520 --> 00:56:38,360
A shield of one world
composed of just individuals.

785
00:56:39,520 --> 00:56:43,520
Limonov was the reappearance
of the frightening old dream.

786
00:56:43,555 --> 00:56:47,680
Vechnaya Vesna
by Grazhdanskaya Oborona

787
00:56:51,520 --> 00:56:55,760
The third person to join the party
was the musician Yegor Letov.

788
00:56:57,400 --> 00:57:01,285
He had led the opposition
to communism in the 1980s.

789
00:57:01,320 --> 00:57:06,140
Now he sang songs about how Russia
was trapped in a frozen world,

790
00:57:06,175 --> 00:57:10,960
buried under a mass of meaningless
broken fragments from the past.

791
00:58:43,360 --> 00:58:47,600
Ghosts from the past were returning
at the margins in England, too.

792
00:58:51,920 --> 00:58:56,240
In August 1999, a farmer in Norfolk
called Tony Martin

793
00:58:56,275 --> 00:58:58,997
shot two burglars
who were travellers.

794
00:58:59,032 --> 00:59:01,720
He killed one of them,
called Fred Barras.

795
00:59:03,280 --> 00:59:05,485
Tony Martin was a recluse.

796
00:59:05,520 --> 00:59:09,120
He lived in a remote, half-ruined
building called Bleak House.

797
00:59:10,320 --> 00:59:13,120
Tony Martin considered himself
a victim.

798
00:59:13,155 --> 00:59:15,885
He'd been plagued by burglars
for years.

799
00:59:15,920 --> 00:59:19,880
He lived in squalid conditions,
paranoid about being burgled.

800
00:59:19,915 --> 00:59:22,325
The stairs of the house
were booby trapped.

801
00:59:22,360 --> 00:59:26,925
He slept fully dressed with
his boots on and a gun by his bed.

802
00:59:26,960 --> 00:59:31,000
Martin was found guilty of murder
and sentenced to life imprisonment.

803
00:59:32,600 --> 00:59:35,400
His conviction
touched off a wave of protest.

804
00:59:36,440 --> 00:59:39,640
On the surface, it was about
Martin's right to defend himself...

805
00:59:40,760 --> 00:59:43,360
..but it also expressed
a much wider feeling

806
00:59:43,395 --> 00:59:45,400
that was simmering
under the surface.

807
00:59:46,600 --> 00:59:50,680
That the very institutions that were
supposed to protect the people -

808
00:59:50,715 --> 00:59:54,000
the law, the police
and the politicians -

809
00:59:54,035 --> 00:59:55,840
were now being turned against them.

810
00:59:57,320 --> 01:00:02,040
A growing sense that you couldn't
trust those in power any longer -

811
01:00:02,075 --> 01:00:04,320
what began to be called the elites.

812
01:00:05,360 --> 01:00:09,420
The Labour government was shocked
by the anger that burst out.

813
01:00:09,455 --> 01:00:13,480
Tony Blair wrote in a private memo,
simply, "We have lost touch."

814
01:00:16,600 --> 01:00:20,645
But what Blair and the other modern
politicians had forgotten

815
01:00:20,680 --> 01:00:24,680
was that that suspicion of the
elites did not come out of nowhere.

816
01:00:25,800 --> 01:00:28,805
It had its roots
back in Britain's past,

817
01:00:28,840 --> 01:00:31,440
at the moment
when the empire was collapsing.

818
01:00:33,000 --> 01:00:37,400
And Tony Martin himself was
a direct link back to that anger.

819
01:00:39,240 --> 01:00:42,600
In the 1950s, Martin's uncle
had been a leading member

820
01:00:42,635 --> 01:00:45,640
of a group called
the League of Empire Loyalists.

821
01:00:46,880 --> 01:00:49,440
The League were powerful
because some of their members

822
01:00:49,475 --> 01:00:51,680
were at the heart
of the Conservative Party.

823
01:00:53,040 --> 01:00:55,800
They were convinced
that there was a global conspiracy

824
01:00:55,835 --> 01:00:57,560
to destroy the British Empire.

825
01:00:58,720 --> 01:01:01,360
It was being run
by bankers in America,

826
01:01:01,395 --> 01:01:04,000
working together
with communists in Russia.

827
01:01:05,160 --> 01:01:08,880
But they also believed that
many of those in charge in Britain

828
01:01:08,915 --> 01:01:11,960
were also involved
in this conspiracy,

829
01:01:11,995 --> 01:01:14,360
including most politicians.

830
01:01:15,720 --> 01:01:18,325
Well, my reasons for joining
the Empire Loyalists are many,

831
01:01:18,360 --> 01:01:21,120
but they largely stem from the fact
that I believe in the thesis

832
01:01:21,155 --> 01:01:23,160
of nationalism
and national independence

833
01:01:23,195 --> 01:01:24,565
as opposed to internationalism,

834
01:01:24,600 --> 01:01:27,200
which I consider would in time
devolve into a world government

835
01:01:27,235 --> 01:01:29,600
which would, of necessity,
by sheer weight of numbers,

836
01:01:29,635 --> 01:01:32,405
become a communist-controlled
world government,

837
01:01:32,440 --> 01:01:35,640
with the control of the world
in the hands of very few people.

838
01:01:35,675 --> 01:01:38,200
This would be a tyranny,
and I consider the only way

839
01:01:38,235 --> 01:01:40,365
to combat this possibility
of a tyranny

840
01:01:40,400 --> 01:01:43,240
is to encourage a nation
toward a nationality.

841
01:01:44,520 --> 01:01:46,520
And that anger was about to return.

842
01:01:47,560 --> 01:01:49,605
By now, politicians in the West

843
01:01:49,640 --> 01:01:51,880
had given large amounts
of their power away.

844
01:01:53,040 --> 01:01:56,840
What had begun with Bill Clinton
in the early 1990s had spread.

845
01:02:00,240 --> 01:02:01,925
When Tony Blair came to power,

846
01:02:01,960 --> 01:02:05,120
he had immediately given control
over much of the economy

847
01:02:05,155 --> 01:02:06,520
to the Bank of England.

848
01:02:07,920 --> 01:02:11,160
But, in 1998,
the global financial system

849
01:02:11,195 --> 01:02:13,080
showed how unstable it could be.

850
01:02:14,560 --> 01:02:19,240
An economic crisis that began
in Russia, and then spread to Asia,

851
01:02:19,275 --> 01:02:21,360
had consequences
throughout the world.

852
01:02:22,720 --> 01:02:24,325
In response to the crisis,

853
01:02:24,360 --> 01:02:27,920
the Bank of England had insisted
that interest rates be raised.

854
01:02:29,120 --> 01:02:32,480
But this made many British goods
too expensive to export.

855
01:02:33,880 --> 01:02:37,000
And in the north of England,
factories began to close.

856
01:02:39,200 --> 01:02:43,840
Tony Blair insisted, though, that it
was a price the country had to pay

857
01:02:43,875 --> 01:02:46,920
for being part of
what he called the world economy.

858
01:02:48,360 --> 01:02:51,440
He can say a world economy
till he's blue in the face,

859
01:02:51,475 --> 01:02:53,725
but it's not just us, is it?
It's other people.

860
01:02:53,760 --> 01:02:56,220
"He can say"? Mr Blair can say
the world economy...?

861
01:02:56,255 --> 01:02:58,680
He can say, "World economy,
world economy", but...

862
01:03:00,200 --> 01:03:03,565
So what do you say? People in the
Northeast are suffering,

863
01:03:03,600 --> 01:03:06,720
but why has he given all that power
to the Bank of England? Why?

864
01:03:09,360 --> 01:03:12,165
Why, you know? Why is that?

865
01:03:12,200 --> 01:03:14,200
Is he passing the buck?
What's he doing?

866
01:03:16,120 --> 01:03:19,000
So he can't be blamed for things
like this that go wrong. He can say,

867
01:03:19,035 --> 01:03:21,880
"Well, it's the Bank of England's
interest rates, none of us did it."

868
01:03:21,915 --> 01:03:23,160
I don't know.

869
01:03:31,680 --> 01:03:33,085
They're just opening their mouths

870
01:03:33,120 --> 01:03:35,125
and letting the wind
waffle their tongues about,

871
01:03:35,160 --> 01:03:37,520
as far as I'm concerned.
Get up here and get things sorted.

872
01:03:37,555 --> 01:03:38,957
You vote a Labour government in,

873
01:03:38,992 --> 01:03:40,456
you vote for them all your life and

874
01:03:40,491 --> 01:03:41,885
this is the crap you get off of
them.

875
01:03:41,920 --> 01:03:44,800
You think it's all wrong, what's
happened, what could they have done?

876
01:03:44,835 --> 01:03:47,840
Give us more support, stepped in,
put a shoulder behind us,

877
01:03:47,875 --> 01:03:50,365
show a bit more muscle. Just...

878
01:03:50,400 --> 01:03:52,440
..let them know
that they canna do this.

879
01:03:53,720 --> 01:03:55,365
And at the end of the century,

880
01:03:55,400 --> 01:03:59,805
a new anger began to grow
out of in the margins of England,

881
01:03:59,840 --> 01:04:03,840
that in the future would get mixed
up with the furies of the past.

882
01:04:06,240 --> 01:04:08,365
But the politicians
increasingly found

883
01:04:08,400 --> 01:04:11,600
that there was little they could do
to respond to this anger.

884
01:04:12,960 --> 01:04:14,565
Because, over the past ten years,

885
01:04:14,600 --> 01:04:17,685
all kinds of new organisations
had grown up

886
01:04:17,720 --> 01:04:21,960
that were deliberately designed
to limit the politicians' power,

887
01:04:21,995 --> 01:04:24,837
because national politics
was dangerous

888
01:04:24,872 --> 01:04:27,680
to the stability
of the global system.

889
01:04:29,000 --> 01:04:31,840
The idea had originally
come from technocrats

890
01:04:31,875 --> 01:04:33,240
inside the European Union.

891
01:04:34,280 --> 01:04:36,680
One of the leaders
was a political scientist

892
01:04:36,715 --> 01:04:38,520
called Giandomenico Majone.

893
01:04:40,240 --> 01:04:42,085
"Politicians", Majone said,

894
01:04:42,120 --> 01:04:45,800
"were always driven by short-term,
self-interested motives."

895
01:04:47,200 --> 01:04:49,880
Which meant that they, too,
were irrational.

896
01:04:50,960 --> 01:04:55,840
The solution, he said, was to bypass
the politicians completely.

897
01:04:55,875 --> 01:04:58,720
HE SPEAKS FRENCH

898
01:04:58,755 --> 01:04:59,960
Pardon?

899
01:05:04,280 --> 01:05:05,765
..later in the afternoon...

900
01:05:05,800 --> 01:05:08,165
And in the 1990s, behind the scenes

901
01:05:08,200 --> 01:05:11,725
of the political debate
in the European Union,

902
01:05:11,760 --> 01:05:16,800
Majone and a group of technocrats
created a range of new institutions

903
01:05:16,835 --> 01:05:21,400
that were deliberately designed
to avoid political interference,

904
01:05:21,435 --> 01:05:25,800
and instead run large areas
of society in a rational way.

905
01:05:27,200 --> 01:05:30,600
Majone gave them
a boring bureaucratic name.

906
01:05:30,635 --> 01:05:34,000
He called them
non-majoritarian institutions.

907
01:05:39,040 --> 01:05:42,840
But, in reality, they were
a completely radical invention

908
01:05:42,875 --> 01:05:45,400
that challenged
the very idea of democracy.

909
01:05:47,120 --> 01:05:49,565
"These new organisations",
Majone said,

910
01:05:49,600 --> 01:05:53,320
"are, by design,
not directly accountable to voters

911
01:05:53,355 --> 01:05:55,600
"or to their elected
representatives."

912
01:05:57,240 --> 01:05:59,645
Out of it was going to come
the massive range

913
01:05:59,680 --> 01:06:03,720
of new bureaucracies that today
run large parts of the modern world.

914
01:06:04,760 --> 01:06:06,405
Not just central banks,

915
01:06:06,440 --> 01:06:09,000
but all kinds
of regulatory agencies,

916
01:06:09,035 --> 01:06:11,440
special courts and expert bodies.

917
01:06:12,520 --> 01:06:16,085
All of which govern
not through political policies,

918
01:06:16,120 --> 01:06:20,360
but through rational scientific
assessment and measured outcomes.

919
01:06:22,160 --> 01:06:26,080
And the European Union became
the centre of this experiment.

920
01:06:30,440 --> 01:06:31,765
In front of house,

921
01:06:31,800 --> 01:06:35,880
the elected politicians
debated subjects like human rights,

922
01:06:35,915 --> 01:06:38,520
but continually failed
to come to any conclusion.

923
01:06:46,840 --> 01:06:51,360
Are we concerned with rights
or with political objectives?

924
01:06:51,395 --> 01:06:53,600
And much of what we're going
to discuss today is...

925
01:06:59,600 --> 01:07:03,480
But quietly, behind the scenes,
what were being created

926
01:07:03,515 --> 01:07:07,337
were, in Majone's words,
"specialised institutions

927
01:07:07,372 --> 01:07:11,160
"staffed with neutral experts,
carrying out policies

928
01:07:11,195 --> 01:07:14,277
"with a level of efficiency
and effectiveness

929
01:07:14,312 --> 01:07:17,360
"politicians cannot
and never will achieve."

930
01:07:24,320 --> 01:07:26,925
The original idea
behind mass democracy

931
01:07:26,960 --> 01:07:30,120
had been that the politicians
would be the bridgehead

932
01:07:30,155 --> 01:07:32,040
for the people into power.

933
01:07:33,160 --> 01:07:35,845
They would challenge
the powerful groups

934
01:07:35,880 --> 01:07:38,600
at the top of society
on behalf of the people.

935
01:07:40,240 --> 01:07:44,280
But then the people,
driven by the new individualism,

936
01:07:44,315 --> 01:07:47,040
had retreated
into their own private worlds.

937
01:07:48,600 --> 01:07:53,165
So the politicians switched sides
and became instead

938
01:07:53,200 --> 01:07:57,360
the representatives of the
new powerful technocratic class.

939
01:07:58,680 --> 01:08:01,280
It still looked
like they were powerful

940
01:08:01,315 --> 01:08:03,520
and had control over events.

941
01:08:05,480 --> 01:08:07,620
But now the people had gone,

942
01:08:07,655 --> 01:08:09,760
beneath them was a void.

943
01:08:26,480 --> 01:08:31,100
But, in 1999, Tony Blair realised
that there might still be a way

944
01:08:31,135 --> 01:08:35,720
to change the world dramatically
and recapture some of that power.

945
01:08:39,480 --> 01:08:42,560
The conflict between the Serbs
and the Muslims in the Balkans

946
01:08:42,595 --> 01:08:43,960
had erupted again.

947
01:08:45,040 --> 01:08:48,800
Serbian nationalists were attacking
the Albanian population in Kosovo.

948
01:08:50,600 --> 01:08:54,280
Blair worked hard to persuade
a reluctant President Clinton

949
01:08:54,315 --> 01:08:57,440
to join in a bombing campaign
to force the Serbs

950
01:08:57,475 --> 01:08:59,320
to stop the ethnic cleansing.

951
01:09:03,600 --> 01:09:04,840
And it succeeded.

952
01:09:08,720 --> 01:09:12,720
Tony Blair came to Kosovo
and was welcomed as a hero.

953
01:09:13,760 --> 01:09:17,440
CHANTING AND APPLAUSE

954
01:09:20,760 --> 01:09:24,400
At the refugee camp,
Blair presented what they had done

955
01:09:24,435 --> 01:09:26,805
as an expression of that epic vision

956
01:09:26,840 --> 01:09:30,040
that Bernard Kouchner
had put forward 20 years before.

957
01:09:31,320 --> 01:09:36,280
We are all one world linked together
simply as individuals,

958
01:09:36,315 --> 01:09:40,120
not divided by political ideas
or by nations.

959
01:09:41,280 --> 01:09:43,920
And we,
the good politicians in the West,

960
01:09:43,955 --> 01:09:46,245
have a duty to intervene,

961
01:09:46,280 --> 01:09:49,120
to help the victims
of all evil dictators,

962
01:09:49,155 --> 01:09:51,637
wherever they are in the world.

963
01:09:51,672 --> 01:09:54,120
This is not a battle for territory.

964
01:09:54,155 --> 01:09:57,240
This is a battle for humanity.

965
01:09:57,275 --> 01:09:58,885
It is a just cause.

966
01:09:58,920 --> 01:10:03,960
It is a rightful cause to make sure
that these people, innocent people,

967
01:10:03,995 --> 01:10:07,160
who have been driven from
their homes at the point of a gun,

968
01:10:07,195 --> 01:10:11,000
are allowed by the world community,
acting together,

969
01:10:11,035 --> 01:10:14,445
back to their homeland,
back to Kosovo.

970
01:10:14,480 --> 01:10:19,120
So these people can become symbols
of hope, humanity and peace.

971
01:10:19,155 --> 01:10:20,445
Thank you.

972
01:10:20,480 --> 01:10:23,365
And the new ruler
of the independent Kosovo,

973
01:10:23,400 --> 01:10:27,660
appointed by the United Nations,
was Bernard Kouchner.

974
01:10:27,695 --> 01:10:31,920
We are taking a significant step
towards stability

975
01:10:31,955 --> 01:10:35,200
and democratic self-government
in Kosovo.

976
01:10:36,600 --> 01:10:38,085
In the 1990s,

977
01:10:38,120 --> 01:10:41,520
the triumph over communism
had ushered in a new era.

978
01:10:43,360 --> 01:10:45,125
Liberal politicians in the West

979
01:10:45,160 --> 01:10:47,965
had willingly given up
much of their power

980
01:10:48,000 --> 01:10:51,480
in the interests of the greater good
of global stability.

981
01:10:52,880 --> 01:10:55,720
The power had gone first
to the global financial system.

982
01:10:57,120 --> 01:11:00,560
And now it was being given
to the American military as well.

983
01:11:02,280 --> 01:11:04,040
It looked like a new world.

984
01:11:05,480 --> 01:11:09,320
But, underneath, the old forces
of money and military power

985
01:11:09,355 --> 01:11:12,640
were reassembling
and resuming their dominance...

986
01:11:14,080 --> 01:11:17,040
..just as they had
in the pre-democratic days

987
01:11:17,075 --> 01:11:18,480
of the old empires.

988
01:11:19,760 --> 01:11:23,520
And that was going to lead
to other strange forces

989
01:11:23,555 --> 01:11:26,920
rising up and coming back
to haunt the West.

990
01:11:30,520 --> 01:11:33,940
* And I just can't help believing

991
01:11:33,975 --> 01:11:37,467
* Though believing sees me cursed

992
01:11:37,502 --> 01:11:40,960
* For belief ignores the heathens

993
01:11:40,995 --> 01:11:44,477
* Day by day sigh even worse

994
01:11:44,512 --> 01:11:47,976
* But for all we are receiving

995
01:11:48,011 --> 01:11:51,405
* There's an evens key to turn

996
01:11:51,440 --> 01:11:55,440
* You was the generation
that bought more shoes

997
01:11:55,475 --> 01:11:59,160
* And you get what you deserve

998
01:11:59,195 --> 01:12:02,125
* I can't help believing

999
01:12:02,160 --> 01:12:05,680
* Though believing sees me cursed

1000
01:12:05,715 --> 01:12:09,200
* For belief ignores the heathens

1001
01:12:09,235 --> 01:12:12,857
* Day by day sigh even worse

1002
01:12:12,892 --> 01:12:16,286
* But for all we are receiving

1003
01:12:16,321 --> 01:12:19,645
* There's an evens key to turn

1004
01:12:19,680 --> 01:12:24,040
* You was the generation
that bought more shoes

1005
01:12:24,075 --> 01:12:27,685
* And you get what you deserve... *

1006
01:12:27,720 --> 01:12:32,560
Alert! Alert!
We have located the Doctor!

1007
01:12:40,640 --> 01:12:43,760
* Yeah, yeah!
Ooh, baby

1008
01:12:45,240 --> 01:12:48,480
* Winter sweeps
the streets of evening

1009
01:12:48,515 --> 01:12:51,765
* This frequency's my universe

1010
01:12:51,800 --> 01:12:55,325
* To reel a deep or meaning feeling

1011
01:12:55,360 --> 01:12:58,920
* In seas where schools of fools
be first

1012
01:12:58,955 --> 01:13:02,617
* But for all we are receiving

1013
01:13:02,652 --> 01:13:06,245
* There's an evens key to turn

1014
01:13:06,280 --> 01:13:09,920
* You was the generation
that snorts fortunes

1015
01:13:09,955 --> 01:13:12,840
* And you get what you deserve

1016
01:13:16,000 --> 01:13:19,040
* Yeah, yeah! Yeah, yeah!

1017
01:13:19,075 --> 01:13:20,920
* Yeah, yeah! *

1018
01:13:23,920 --> 01:13:27,920
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