1 00:00:03,080 --> 00:00:07,080 ♪ 2 00:00:56,000 --> 00:01:00,816 Septemba 1, 1939. Wanajeshi wa Ujerumani waliingia ndani 3 00:01:00,840 --> 00:01:04,680 kwenda Poland kushinda kwa kasi na ushindi kamili. 4 00:01:07,160 --> 00:01:11,336 Miaka 20 mapema, wao mababu pia walikuwa 5 00:01:11,360 --> 00:01:13,496 kwenye maandamano, lakini kurudi kwao 6 00:01:13,520 --> 00:01:15,880 nchi kama jeshi lililoshindwa. 7 00:01:17,840 --> 00:01:21,936 Mnamo Novemba 1918, baada ya nne Miaka ya Vita vya Kwanza vya Kidunia, 8 00:01:21,960 --> 00:01:24,736 Mfalme wa Ujerumani, Kaiser Wilhelm II, 9 00:01:24,760 --> 00:01:26,560 alilazimika kujiuzulu. 10 00:01:27,880 --> 00:01:30,696 Majeshi yake yalikuwa chini chini na asiyejuta 11 00:01:30,720 --> 00:01:34,480 kuchukizwa na Waingereza, Wanajeshi wa Ufaransa na Marekani. 12 00:01:35,640 --> 00:01:37,680 Watu wake walikabiliwa na njaa. 13 00:01:41,160 --> 00:01:44,560 Lakini tayari ni hatari hadithi ilikuwa ikiota mizizi. 14 00:01:46,760 --> 00:01:49,256 Majenerali wa Ujerumani na askari walidai kuwa 15 00:01:49,280 --> 00:01:50,936 hakushindwa katika vita, 16 00:01:50,960 --> 00:01:54,520 lakini kusalitiwa na wao wenyewe wanasiasa waoga. 17 00:01:57,600 --> 00:02:01,760 Hata hivyo, saa 11 asubuhi Novemba 11, 1918. 18 00:02:02,080 --> 00:02:05,016 saa 11 ya Siku ya 11 ya 19 00:02:05,040 --> 00:02:09,160 Mwezi wa 11, Vita vya Kidunia Mmoja alifika mwisho. 20 00:02:14,360 --> 00:02:16,936 Mwezi uliofuata, Rais Woodrow Wilson 21 00:02:16,960 --> 00:02:18,976 ya Marekani alifika Ulaya 22 00:02:19,000 --> 00:02:21,960 kuahidi kuunda utaratibu mpya wa dunia. 23 00:02:25,440 --> 00:02:26,936 Aliwashawishi viongozi wa dunia 24 00:02:26,960 --> 00:02:29,760 kujiandikisha kwa mpya Ligi ya Mataifa. 25 00:02:32,920 --> 00:02:35,760 Katika Mkataba wa Versailles, walikubaliana kuwa kuanzia sasa 26 00:02:36,160 --> 00:02:38,536 migogoro kati ya nchi ingetatuliwa 27 00:02:38,560 --> 00:02:42,080 si kwa kupigana, bali kwa mjadala katika Ligi. 28 00:02:45,840 --> 00:02:48,160 Watu wa Ulaya waliachiwa huru. 29 00:02:48,760 --> 00:02:50,816 Na mshirika wa Ujerumani, Hungarian ya Austria 30 00:02:50,840 --> 00:02:52,880 himaya, ilikatwa vipande vipande. 31 00:02:53,480 --> 00:02:56,160 Kutoka kwake, mataifa mapya ziliundwa. 32 00:02:56,480 --> 00:03:00,096 Austria, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, 33 00:03:00,120 --> 00:03:04,320 Yugoslavia, Latvia, Lithuania na Estonia. 34 00:03:04,960 --> 00:03:08,360 Ujerumani yenyewe ilikuwa kupunguzwa sana kwa ukubwa. 35 00:03:11,160 --> 00:03:13,920 Lakini mchakato huu ilikuwa na bomu la muda. 36 00:03:14,520 --> 00:03:16,176 Si kila mtu kusherehekea kuzaliwa 37 00:03:16,200 --> 00:03:18,480 ya nchi kama Chekoslovakia. 38 00:03:19,760 --> 00:03:23,040 Kadhaa kati yao zilizomo idadi kubwa ya Wajerumani walio wachache. 39 00:03:24,520 --> 00:03:26,656 Siku moja hamu kuungana tena 40 00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:29,920 Watu wa Ujerumani wangefanya kuja kusumbua Ulaya. 41 00:03:32,640 --> 00:03:34,856 Vita vya Ujerumani vilivyoharibiwa watu pia walikuwa 42 00:03:34,880 --> 00:03:37,920 aibu moja ya mwisho kufanyiwa. 43 00:03:38,640 --> 00:03:42,080 Walilazimishwa kulipa a kubwa ya Pauni bilioni 6.6 44 00:03:42,360 --> 00:03:45,120 katika fidia kwa Ufaransa na Uingereza, 45 00:03:45,600 --> 00:03:47,760 kitu ambacho hawakuweza kumudu. 46 00:03:49,320 --> 00:03:50,976 Na aliporudi Amerika, 47 00:03:51,000 --> 00:03:54,720 Agizo jipya la Dunia la Wilson mara ikaanguka. 48 00:03:55,320 --> 00:03:57,576 Bunge la U.S aliamua kuwa hawezi 49 00:03:57,600 --> 00:04:00,680 hatari ya kuingizwa vita vingine huko Uropa. 50 00:04:01,160 --> 00:04:03,176 Ilikataa kujiunga Ligi yake na 51 00:04:03,200 --> 00:04:06,200 Marekani ilijiondoa katika kujitenga. 52 00:04:09,440 --> 00:04:11,760 Ujerumani sasa ilikuwa ya ajabu sana taifa tofauti. 53 00:04:12,280 --> 00:04:14,176 Ilikuwa bado ya Ulaya nchi kubwa zaidi 54 00:04:14,200 --> 00:04:17,160 lakini ni ya kijeshi ufalme ulikuwa umekwenda. 55 00:04:17,480 --> 00:04:19,400 Imekuwa demokrasia. 56 00:04:20,880 --> 00:04:23,296 Lakini serikali yake, hivyo inayoitwa Jamhuri ya Weimar, 57 00:04:23,320 --> 00:04:26,720 mara akapigwa na a mfululizo wa makofi ya nyundo. 58 00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:32,616 Mapigano ya mitaani yalizuka kati ya mrengo wa kulia uliokithiri 59 00:04:32,640 --> 00:04:36,120 wazalendo na Wakomunisti kujaribu kuanzisha mapinduzi. 60 00:04:39,240 --> 00:04:44,000 Kisha mwaka wa 1923, nchi ilikuwa kuharibiwa na mfumuko wa bei, 61 00:04:44,240 --> 00:04:46,680 ambayo ilifikia mamia ya asilimia kwa mwezi. 62 00:04:49,240 --> 00:04:51,560 Watu wa kawaida akiba ilifutwa. 63 00:04:54,960 --> 00:04:57,736 Hii ilikuwa ardhi yenye rutuba kwa aina mpya ya 64 00:04:57,760 --> 00:05:00,200 kulia kwa sauti ya fujo wanasiasa wa mrengo. 65 00:05:04,160 --> 00:05:06,400 Miongoni mwao ni Adolf Hitler. 66 00:05:08,440 --> 00:05:10,896 Hitler alizaliwa Austria. 67 00:05:10,920 --> 00:05:12,536 Alikuwa amepigana kwa ujasiri kama askari 68 00:05:12,560 --> 00:05:16,240 katika Vita vya Kwanza vya Kidunia na kuwa tuzo ya Iron Cross. 69 00:05:18,440 --> 00:05:20,816 Akirudi Ujerumani aliishi Munich, 70 00:05:20,840 --> 00:05:23,856 na hotuba yake ya moto hivi karibuni kumwezesha kukamata 71 00:05:23,880 --> 00:05:28,280 udhibiti wa Taifa dogo Chama cha Kijamaa au cha Nazi. 72 00:05:33,760 --> 00:05:37,896 Mnamo Oktoba 1923, Hitler na wasaidizi wake walijaribu 73 00:05:37,920 --> 00:05:40,560 mapinduzi ya silaha dhidi ya Serikali ya Weimar. 74 00:05:40,920 --> 00:05:43,960 Ilishindikana, naye alikuwa kuhukumiwa kifungo cha miezi tisa. 75 00:05:47,080 --> 00:05:49,776 Akiwa gerezani aliandika a kitabu, Mein Kampf, 76 00:05:49,800 --> 00:05:52,496 "Mapambano yangu", in ambayo alilaumu 77 00:05:52,520 --> 00:05:54,536 Mateso ya Ujerumani kwa Wayahudi 78 00:05:54,560 --> 00:05:56,336 na kudai kuwa kujenga upya nguvu zake 79 00:05:56,360 --> 00:05:59,040 na kutafuta maeneo mapya mashariki. 80 00:06:02,480 --> 00:06:04,336 Juu ya kuachiliwa kwake, aliweka kuhusu kujenga Wanazi 81 00:06:04,360 --> 00:06:07,640 kuwa sahihi, nidhamu chama cha siasa. 82 00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:11,856 Kuanzia sasa, angeweza kutumia demokrasia 83 00:06:11,880 --> 00:06:14,160 mfumo wa kupata madaraka. 84 00:06:16,760 --> 00:06:19,840 Lakini kwa miaka mitano ijayo, Weimar Ujerumani ilifanikiwa. 85 00:06:20,320 --> 00:06:24,000 Kuunga mkono vyama vyenye msimamo mkali, kushoto na kulia, ilipungua. 86 00:06:25,320 --> 00:06:28,160 Kisha ghafla, Hitler fursa ilifika. 87 00:06:34,600 --> 00:06:38,400 Mnamo Oktoba 1929, Marekani soko la hisa lilianguka. 88 00:06:40,400 --> 00:06:42,656 Mabilioni ya dola zilipotea na 89 00:06:42,680 --> 00:06:45,320 unyogovu wa kiuchumi imefagiliwa kote ulimwenguni. 90 00:06:47,200 --> 00:06:50,280 Ukosefu wa ajira nchini Ujerumani iliongezeka hadi zaidi ya milioni sita. 91 00:06:50,960 --> 00:06:54,520 Wanasiasa wenye msimamo mkali tu ilionekana kutoa suluhisho. 92 00:07:00,320 --> 00:07:02,360 Wanasiasa kama Hitler. 93 00:07:03,120 --> 00:07:06,760 Kufikia 1931, Wanazi wake walikuwa harakati ya kweli ya wingi. 94 00:07:08,400 --> 00:07:10,776 Na walikuwa na wao wenyewe majambazi wenye rangi ya kahawia, 95 00:07:10,800 --> 00:07:15,360 askari wa SA ambao karibu milioni tatu. 96 00:07:17,720 --> 00:07:20,096 Katika uchaguzi wa 1932, Wanazi wakawa 97 00:07:20,120 --> 00:07:23,840 chama kikubwa zaidi nchini Ujerumani bunge, Reichstag. 98 00:07:26,240 --> 00:07:28,576 Lakini Hitler alikataa kujiunga na muungano, 99 00:07:28,600 --> 00:07:30,720 kuliacha bunge likiwa limepooza. 100 00:07:31,120 --> 00:07:34,496 Ili kuvunja mvutano, Rais Hindenburg alifanya 101 00:07:34,520 --> 00:07:39,240 kuwa Chansela mwezi Januari 1933, mkuu wa serikali. 102 00:07:44,200 --> 00:07:46,960 Ndani ya mwezi mmoja, Reichstag ilichomwa moto. 103 00:07:47,520 --> 00:07:51,280 Hitler aliwashutumu Wakomunisti na kudai mamlaka ya dharura. 104 00:07:51,880 --> 00:07:55,280 Kisha akazitumia kupiga marufuku zote vyama vingine vya siasa. 105 00:07:57,560 --> 00:08:00,720 Mnamo Agosti 1934 Rais Hindenburg alikufa. 106 00:08:01,160 --> 00:08:03,320 Hitler alitangaza mwenyewe Rais. 107 00:08:03,960 --> 00:08:08,840 Sasa alikuwa kiongozi kamili, Fuehrer, wa Ujerumani. 108 00:08:18,560 --> 00:08:21,560 Mwanzoni kulikuwa na kidogo ishara ya kile kitakachokuja. 109 00:08:23,000 --> 00:08:24,616 Kwa tatu zinazofuata miaka ya Fuehrer 110 00:08:24,640 --> 00:08:27,720 kujikita katika kujenga upya uchumi wa Ujerumani. 111 00:08:28,720 --> 00:08:32,536 Alitumia mamilioni kwa umma kazi, ikiwa ni pamoja na maili 5,000 112 00:08:32,560 --> 00:08:36,200 mfumo wa autobahn, kwa loweka wasio na ajira. 113 00:08:39,680 --> 00:08:41,536 Lakini, kwa siri Hitler alikuwa anatumia pia 114 00:08:41,560 --> 00:08:44,800 lavish juu ya kubwa programu ya kurejesha silaha. 115 00:08:47,200 --> 00:08:49,776 Chini ya Versailles Mkataba, jeshi la Ujerumani 116 00:08:49,800 --> 00:08:52,480 ilikuwa imepunguzwa kwa wanaume 100,000. 117 00:08:52,960 --> 00:08:54,496 Nchi ilikuwa marufuku kuwa nayo 118 00:08:54,520 --> 00:08:57,400 jeshi la anga, mizinga au manowari. 119 00:09:00,320 --> 00:09:03,680 Jeshi hili dogo lilikuwa mara tatu kwa ukubwa. 120 00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:08,320 Kisha mwaka wa 1935, Hitler akatoka nje. 121 00:09:09,040 --> 00:09:13,080 Alizindua mpya kabisa jeshi la anga, Luftwaffe. 122 00:09:13,560 --> 00:09:18,560 Ilikuwa na ndege 2,500, mbali zaidi ya Uingereza au Ufaransa. 123 00:09:21,200 --> 00:09:23,256 Ukosefu wa ajira umeshuka, na Wanazi 124 00:09:23,280 --> 00:09:25,240 ikawa maarufu sana. 125 00:09:28,280 --> 00:09:30,416 Sasa kwa ujasiri, Fuehrer alifanya 126 00:09:30,440 --> 00:09:32,640 hatua yake ya kwanza ya upanuzi. 127 00:09:33,680 --> 00:09:36,696 Mnamo 1935, alikaa tena wilaya ya Saarland 128 00:09:36,720 --> 00:09:39,536 kwenye mpaka wa Ufaransa, baada ya kupiga kura ya kurudi 129 00:09:39,560 --> 00:09:42,440 kutoka Ligi ya Mataifa' kwa utawala wa Ujerumani. 130 00:09:45,360 --> 00:09:48,216 Mwaka mmoja baadaye alituma Ujerumani askari katika Rhineland, 131 00:09:48,240 --> 00:09:52,120 sehemu ya Ujerumani ambayo ilikuwa kutengwa na jeshi huko Versailles. 132 00:09:56,320 --> 00:09:58,696 Wakati huo, wengi walihisi kwamba Hitler tu 133 00:09:58,720 --> 00:10:01,480 kudai kurudisha kilichokuwa kwa haki ya Ujerumani. 134 00:10:01,800 --> 00:10:03,960 Wala Uingereza wala Ufaransa ilipinga. 135 00:10:08,960 --> 00:10:12,096 Wakati Berlin ilikuwa mwenyeji wa Michezo ya Olimpiki ya 1936, 136 00:10:12,120 --> 00:10:14,536 Wanazi walionekana na wengi kama 137 00:10:14,560 --> 00:10:17,536 imara lakini ya haki, a serikali ambayo 138 00:10:17,560 --> 00:10:19,856 ilikuwa inarejesha fahari ya taifa, 139 00:10:19,880 --> 00:10:22,320 na ambayo haikufanya hivyo kutishia mtu yeyote. 140 00:10:24,680 --> 00:10:26,360 Bila shaka kulikuwa na ishara. 141 00:10:27,440 --> 00:10:31,256 Sheria za Nuremberg za 1935, aliwakataza Wayahudi kuoa kweli 142 00:10:31,280 --> 00:10:34,960 Wajerumani wa Aryan na kunyimwa wa uraia wao. 143 00:10:37,240 --> 00:10:40,120 Lakini wakati vitisho vya kwanza alikuja kwa amani duniani, 144 00:10:40,640 --> 00:10:42,440 hawakuja kutoka kwa Hitler hata kidogo, 145 00:10:44,280 --> 00:10:46,960 lakini kutoka mahali fulani mwingine kabisa. 146 00:10:57,280 --> 00:10:59,536 Japan mwanzoni ya karne ya 20 147 00:10:59,560 --> 00:11:01,600 tayari ilikuwa nguvu ya kijeshi. 148 00:11:04,160 --> 00:11:07,736 Ilikuwa imeshinda Urusi katika vita mwaka 1905 na hivyo 149 00:11:07,760 --> 00:11:10,800 walipigana pamoja Washirika katika Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia. 150 00:11:13,440 --> 00:11:16,760 Baada ya vita, Japan ilikuwa mamlaka ya ulimwengu inayotambuliwa, 151 00:11:18,120 --> 00:11:20,280 na ilijiandikisha kwa Ligi ya Mataifa. 152 00:11:23,240 --> 00:11:26,760 Lakini kisiasa, ilikuwa a fujo ya utata. 153 00:11:28,760 --> 00:11:30,896 Kwa jina a demokrasia, feudal 154 00:11:30,920 --> 00:11:32,760 mila bado ilikuwa na nguvu. 155 00:11:33,120 --> 00:11:36,816 Wajapani wengi waliheshimu yao Mfalme kama mungu aliye hai, 156 00:11:36,840 --> 00:11:39,120 na kumchukulia kama kiongozi wao wa kweli. 157 00:11:40,760 --> 00:11:43,440 Na nchi inakabiliwa matatizo makubwa ya kiuchumi, 158 00:11:43,680 --> 00:11:45,920 idadi ya watu wake ilikuwa inalipuka. 159 00:11:47,920 --> 00:11:49,536 Na haikuwa na maliasili 160 00:11:49,560 --> 00:11:52,120 ili mafuta yake kwa haraka kupanua viwanda. 161 00:11:54,320 --> 00:11:57,096 Viongozi wake walihitaji suluhu na 162 00:11:57,120 --> 00:11:59,640 waliwaona ndani Kichina Manchuria. 163 00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:05,896 Manchuria ilikuwa ardhi mashamba tajiri ya nafaka, 164 00:12:05,920 --> 00:12:08,440 na mengi makaa ya mawe na madini. 165 00:12:09,760 --> 00:12:11,560 Ilikuwa ni shabaha kamili. 166 00:12:12,080 --> 00:12:14,920 Wanajeshi wa Japan walikuwa tayari iko hapo. 167 00:12:16,760 --> 00:12:19,296 Malengo mengine yanayowezekana yalikuwa makoloni yaliyotawaliwa na 168 00:12:19,320 --> 00:12:23,896 Mamlaka za Ulaya, Burma, Malaya, na Hong Kong, kudhibitiwa 169 00:12:23,920 --> 00:12:26,616 na Uingereza; Indo China, inayotawaliwa na 170 00:12:26,640 --> 00:12:29,480 Ufaransa; na Uholanzi Mashariki Indies. 171 00:12:31,600 --> 00:12:34,360 Lakini katika hatua hii Japan ilibidi kuwa waangalifu. 172 00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:37,136 Haikutaka kuamka nguvu nyingine kubwa 173 00:12:37,160 --> 00:12:41,760 katika Pasifiki, Marekani. 174 00:12:43,160 --> 00:12:45,296 Kwa anti yake yote kauli mbiu za kibeberu, 175 00:12:45,320 --> 00:12:48,336 kweli Marekani ilikimbia himaya isiyo rasmi 176 00:12:48,360 --> 00:12:49,480 katika Pasifiki. 177 00:12:49,800 --> 00:12:52,016 Ufilipino, Guam na kadhaa 178 00:12:52,040 --> 00:12:54,400 visiwa vilikuwa chini kanuni yake ya moja kwa moja. 179 00:12:57,320 --> 00:12:59,976 Bila shaka ilikuwa na nguvu ya kuchukua Japan, 180 00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:01,896 lakini tangu mwisho wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Kidunia, 181 00:13:01,920 --> 00:13:04,160 ilikuwa na vikengeusha-fikira vingine. 182 00:13:12,160 --> 00:13:14,320 Huu ulikuwa wakati wa jazz wa Amerika. 183 00:13:20,320 --> 00:13:22,736 Katika miaka ya 1920, taifa lilijikita 184 00:13:22,760 --> 00:13:25,040 juu ya kunyonya yake rasilimali kubwa. 185 00:13:26,640 --> 00:13:29,320 Kulikuwa na ukuaji wa uchumi hiyo ilionekana bila mwisho. 186 00:13:29,760 --> 00:13:33,560 Bahati ilifanywa wote katika viwanda na masoko ya hisa. 187 00:13:35,120 --> 00:13:39,320 Amerika ilionekana kupotea kuongeza hamu ya kujifurahisha. 188 00:13:43,200 --> 00:13:46,256 Pamoja na usumbufu kama haya, Japan inakua 189 00:13:46,280 --> 00:13:49,320 maumivu katika Pasifiki ilionekana kuwa mbali sana. 190 00:13:52,320 --> 00:13:55,296 Amerika ilikuwa imepunguza yake jeshi baada ya Vita vya Kwanza vya Kidunia, 191 00:13:55,320 --> 00:13:57,616 na akakubali majini mkataba wa kupunguza 192 00:13:57,640 --> 00:14:00,440 na Uingereza, Ufaransa na Japan. 193 00:14:01,960 --> 00:14:05,296 Hii, kwa kweli, imekabidhiwa ubora wa majini 194 00:14:05,320 --> 00:14:07,640 katika Pasifiki kwa Wajapani. 195 00:14:11,200 --> 00:14:14,160 Na kisha akaja Unyogovu Mkuu. 196 00:14:21,720 --> 00:14:24,376 Kama ya kiuchumi kuenea kwa uharibifu, 197 00:14:24,400 --> 00:14:27,320 robo ya idadi ya watu kupoteza kazi zao. 198 00:14:27,760 --> 00:14:29,896 Makumi ya maelfu walifanywa bila makazi, 199 00:14:29,920 --> 00:14:31,760 wanaoishi katika miji ya Shanty. 200 00:14:33,560 --> 00:14:36,520 Ambapo hapo awali ilikuwa kuvurugwa na furaha, 201 00:14:36,760 --> 00:14:39,640 sasa Marekani ilikuwa kuvurugwa na maumivu. 202 00:14:40,040 --> 00:14:42,560 Ilikuwa wakati wa Japan kumfanya asogee. 203 00:14:51,480 --> 00:14:54,336 Mnamo 1931, bila hata kuwajulisha wateule wao wenyewe 204 00:14:54,360 --> 00:14:58,176 serikali, Wajapani vikosi vya Manchuria vilimkamata 205 00:14:58,200 --> 00:15:02,320 mji mkuu Mukden na kisha overran eneo lililobaki. 206 00:15:05,320 --> 00:15:08,456 Jimbo la kibaraka, Manchukuo ilitangazwa 207 00:15:08,480 --> 00:15:09,960 chini ya mtawala wa bandia. 208 00:15:10,560 --> 00:15:14,296 Henry Pu Yi, mfalme wa mwisho wa China, ambaye alikuwa 209 00:15:14,320 --> 00:15:18,080 iliondolewa mwaka 1911 kuvutwa nje ya kustaafu. 210 00:15:22,720 --> 00:15:24,376 Katika makao makuu yake huko Geneva, 211 00:15:24,400 --> 00:15:27,840 Umoja wa Mataifa sasa ilikabiliwa na mtihani wake mkubwa wa kwanza. 212 00:15:28,400 --> 00:15:30,720 Japani ililaaniwa na watu wote. 213 00:15:32,720 --> 00:15:34,480 Lakini jibu lake lilikuwa butu. 214 00:15:35,200 --> 00:15:39,896 Japan hata hivyo hupata haiwezekani 215 00:15:39,920 --> 00:15:44,600 kukubali ripoti iliyopitishwa na mkutano. 216 00:15:45,800 --> 00:15:47,960 Wajapani basi nimetoka tu, 217 00:15:48,280 --> 00:15:50,896 na Ligi ghafla fahamu kuwa ipo 218 00:15:50,920 --> 00:15:53,440 hakuna kitu ambacho kingeweza kufanya kuhusu Manchuria. 219 00:15:59,040 --> 00:16:01,536 Japani ilitangazwa kuwa paria wa kimataifa, 220 00:16:01,560 --> 00:16:02,840 lakini haikujali. 221 00:16:03,320 --> 00:16:04,856 Viongozi wake walikuwa wakageuza macho yao 222 00:16:04,880 --> 00:16:07,880 kwa ushindi zaidi, nchini China. 223 00:16:10,200 --> 00:16:14,440 Hizi zilikuwa chaguzi rahisi, Uchina alikuwa katika hali ya machafuko. 224 00:16:15,040 --> 00:16:17,296 Serikali ya Generalissimo Chiang Kai Shek 225 00:16:17,320 --> 00:16:19,456 ilikuwa imefungwa katika migogoro pamoja na Wachina 226 00:16:19,480 --> 00:16:22,120 chama cha kikomunisti chini ya Mao Tse Tung. 227 00:16:24,320 --> 00:16:25,800 Kulikuwa na vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe. 228 00:16:32,640 --> 00:16:35,560 Mnamo 1936, kama mtangulizi kwa uvamizi, 229 00:16:36,000 --> 00:16:38,360 Wajapani walitia saini mkataba na Hitler. 230 00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:40,896 Lengo lilikuwa kulinda dhidi ya shambulio lolote 231 00:16:40,920 --> 00:16:44,000 na Urusi ya Soviet, walikuwa ni kwenda China. 232 00:16:47,960 --> 00:16:51,656 Kisha, mnamo Julai 1937 Wajapani walimkasirisha 233 00:16:51,680 --> 00:16:54,600 tukio na Wachina askari na kuvamia. 234 00:17:05,920 --> 00:17:08,520 Mwanzoni Wachina walishikwa na mshangao. 235 00:17:11,520 --> 00:17:13,720 Lakini hivi karibuni walipigana nyuma kwa ukali, 236 00:17:14,000 --> 00:17:15,736 Wakomunisti hata kujiunga na 237 00:17:15,760 --> 00:17:18,040 Kuomintang mbele ya umoja. 238 00:17:21,320 --> 00:17:23,840 Wajapani walijibu na kutua kwa amphibious. 239 00:17:24,520 --> 00:17:26,496 Kufikia mwisho wa 1937 walikuwa 240 00:17:26,520 --> 00:17:29,800 imepita sehemu kubwa ya kaskazini Uchina na pwani. 241 00:17:37,640 --> 00:17:40,880 Wajapani walipigana vita hivi kwa ukatili wa kipekee, 242 00:17:41,400 --> 00:17:43,600 kupiga mabomu miji ovyo. 243 00:17:45,320 --> 00:17:47,216 Watu wa Magharibi wanaoishi ndani kituo cha biashara, 244 00:17:47,240 --> 00:17:50,400 bandari ya Shanghai, sasa wamehamishwa. 245 00:17:50,920 --> 00:17:53,600 Kisha jiji hilo lilizingirwa kwa miezi mitatu. 246 00:18:12,720 --> 00:18:16,296 Iliteseka sana uharibifu, majeshi ya Kijapani 247 00:18:16,320 --> 00:18:19,880 bila kuonyesha huruma au wasiwasi kwa wakazi wa asili. 248 00:18:23,320 --> 00:18:25,536 Lakini ilikuwa baada ya kutekwa kwa Nanking, 249 00:18:25,560 --> 00:18:29,896 kisha mji mkuu wa China, tarehe 17 Desemba 1937 250 00:18:29,920 --> 00:18:33,400 kwamba Wajapani nguvu zilikimbia kweli kweli. 251 00:18:33,920 --> 00:18:37,800 Zaidi ya raia 300,000 wamo inakadiriwa kuuawa 252 00:18:38,200 --> 00:18:42,600 wakati wa unyanyasaji wa wiki sita wa ubakaji na mauaji ya kiholela. 253 00:18:47,680 --> 00:18:51,016 Wajapani hata walishambulia Uingereza na U.S. meli za kivita ambazo 254 00:18:51,040 --> 00:18:53,520 ilitumwa kulinda usafirishaji na biashara zao. 255 00:18:55,960 --> 00:18:59,376 Tukio baya zaidi lilitokea Tarehe 12 Desemba mwaka wa 1937. 256 00:18:59,400 --> 00:19:01,976 Boti ya bunduki ya Amerika Panay alizama 257 00:19:02,000 --> 00:19:05,720 na washambuliaji wa Japan, Wafanyakazi 50 walikufa. 258 00:19:08,320 --> 00:19:11,520 Pamoja na hayo, Magharibi mamlaka ilikataa kuingilia kati. 259 00:19:13,720 --> 00:19:16,440 Hivyo Umoja wa Mataifa hakuweza kufanya lolote. 260 00:19:19,720 --> 00:19:21,696 Nchini Marekani Rais Roosevelt 261 00:19:21,720 --> 00:19:24,760 alitaka kulazimisha jeshi la majini kizuizi cha Japan. 262 00:19:26,080 --> 00:19:27,976 Imekuwa wazi kwamba vitendo 263 00:19:28,000 --> 00:19:32,960 na sera za mataifa katika sehemu nyingine za dunia 264 00:19:33,520 --> 00:19:36,520 kuwa na madhara makubwa kwetu. 265 00:19:38,320 --> 00:19:39,936 Lakini Waingereza wangefanya hivyo sina hata moja, 266 00:19:39,960 --> 00:19:42,120 kuogopa kwamba inaweza kuchochea vita. 267 00:19:42,720 --> 00:19:46,296 Kwa hivyo, Roosevelt wote wanaweza ofa ilikuwa dola milioni 25 268 00:19:46,320 --> 00:19:49,240 mkopo kwa Chiang Kai Shek kununua silaha. 269 00:19:51,760 --> 00:19:53,256 Ingawa Wakomunisti walikuwa 270 00:19:53,280 --> 00:19:55,536 sasa wanapigana pamoja Kuomintang, 271 00:19:55,560 --> 00:19:58,200 Umoja wa Soviet ulifanya kidogo kusaidia pia. 272 00:19:58,800 --> 00:20:01,376 Ushiriki wake pekee ulikuwa mfululizo wa mapigano 273 00:20:01,400 --> 00:20:03,560 kando ya mpaka wake pamoja na Manchuria. 274 00:20:07,200 --> 00:20:09,360 Lakini China yenyewe hakupokea chochote. 275 00:20:09,960 --> 00:20:12,160 Badala yake ilibidi pigana peke yako. 276 00:20:16,720 --> 00:20:21,416 Mnamo 1938, Wajapani overran Canton, na kusukuma 277 00:20:21,440 --> 00:20:24,680 majeshi ya China ndani zaidi magharibi mwa nchi. 278 00:20:25,480 --> 00:20:27,856 Maneno yote ya Umoja wa Mataifa, 279 00:20:27,880 --> 00:20:30,736 ahadi zote hizo kuacha kimataifa 280 00:20:30,760 --> 00:20:33,040 uchokozi ulikuwa umeisha. 281 00:20:33,640 --> 00:20:35,376 Na kwa sasa Nguvu za Magharibi zilikuwa 282 00:20:35,400 --> 00:20:37,760 inakabiliwa na uchokozi karibu sana na nyumbani. 283 00:20:57,320 --> 00:21:00,696 Leo, ni rahisi kucheka katika Benito Mussolini 284 00:21:00,720 --> 00:21:02,720 dikteta wa fashisti wa Italia. 285 00:21:03,320 --> 00:21:06,840 Msimamo huo wote unaonekana ujinga kidogo sasa. 286 00:21:07,120 --> 00:21:10,280 Lakini haikuonekana hivyo mwaka 1922. 287 00:21:14,240 --> 00:21:18,120 Wakati huo, Italia ilionekana kuwa kwenye makali ya machafuko. 288 00:21:18,360 --> 00:21:21,920 Nchi ilitawaliwa na migomo na unyakuzi wa ardhi. 289 00:21:23,440 --> 00:21:25,736 Serikali ya kidemokrasia, kama huko Ujerumani, 290 00:21:25,760 --> 00:21:28,760 ilionekana kutokuwa na nguvu ndani uso wa machafuko kama haya. 291 00:21:29,440 --> 00:21:31,856 Kwa hivyo Benito Mussolini, mkongwe wa vita 292 00:21:31,880 --> 00:21:34,480 na mwandishi wa habari, aliamua kuchukua msimamo. 293 00:21:35,120 --> 00:21:39,240 Alipanga mrengo wa kulia chama cha kitaifa, Fashisti. 294 00:21:41,680 --> 00:21:44,456 Pamoja na nchi kupooza kwa mgomo mkuu mwezi Agosti 295 00:21:44,480 --> 00:21:48,920 1922, Mussolini aliamuru yake wafuasi kuandamana Roma. 296 00:21:52,240 --> 00:21:54,536 Kuogopa raia vita, mfalme wa Italia, 297 00:21:54,560 --> 00:21:57,480 Victor Emmanuel, alimuuliza kuunda serikali. 298 00:22:07,040 --> 00:22:10,736 Mussolini alitoka haraka upinzani wowote wa kisiasa, 299 00:22:10,760 --> 00:22:13,720 na kujitwalia mamlaka ya kidikteta. 300 00:22:19,960 --> 00:22:22,760 Kufikia 1928, msimamo wake ilionekana kuwa salama. 301 00:22:23,240 --> 00:22:27,136 Bunge liliteuliwa badala yake kuliko waliochaguliwa, na mamlaka yote 302 00:22:27,160 --> 00:22:30,720 alikuwa imara katika mikono ya Baraza Kuu la Kifashisti. 303 00:22:35,600 --> 00:22:37,816 Kama Hitler, Mussolini wa kwanza 304 00:22:37,840 --> 00:22:40,400 vitendo vilimfanya kuwa maarufu sana. 305 00:22:41,280 --> 00:22:43,896 Mipango mikubwa ya kazi za umma zinazotolewa 306 00:22:43,920 --> 00:22:47,400 ajira na kubadilishwa Miundombinu ya Italia. 307 00:22:50,320 --> 00:22:52,616 Ufisadi ulikuwa kung'olewa na 308 00:22:52,640 --> 00:22:55,000 Mafia zaidi au chini kuondolewa. 309 00:22:57,760 --> 00:23:00,376 Vikosi vya kijeshi vya Italia zilijengwa, 310 00:23:00,400 --> 00:23:03,280 ikiwemo ya hali ya juu, jeshi la anga la kisasa. 311 00:23:06,400 --> 00:23:09,216 Katika Mediterania, Mussolini ilizindua jeshi la wanamaji lenye nguvu, 312 00:23:09,240 --> 00:23:11,376 kubwa kuliko nguvu ya pamoja ya 313 00:23:11,400 --> 00:23:14,080 Waingereza na Wafaransa Meli za Mediterranean. 314 00:23:17,040 --> 00:23:18,656 Wakati Unyogovu Mkuu ulikuja, 315 00:23:18,680 --> 00:23:21,560 Italia ilionekana kuwa na hali ya hewa ni bora kuliko wengi. 316 00:23:25,760 --> 00:23:28,840 Mussolini akawa chanzo ya msukumo duniani kote. 317 00:23:29,360 --> 00:23:32,576 Viongozi wa kisiasa, hata kidogo Adolf Hitler nchini Ujerumani, 318 00:23:32,600 --> 00:23:35,936 aliona mfumo wa Kifashisti kama mfano wa kuigwa, 319 00:23:35,960 --> 00:23:39,776 yenye nguvu na yenye kusudi ndani tofauti na udhaifu 320 00:23:39,800 --> 00:23:42,280 ya demokrasia katika Uingereza na Ufaransa. 321 00:23:44,120 --> 00:23:46,720 Lakini Mussolini alitaka zaidi ya kusifiwa. 322 00:23:47,160 --> 00:23:50,280 Alitaka kuunda upya ufalme wa Kirumi. 323 00:23:50,960 --> 00:23:52,856 Na tayari alikuwa nayo lengo katika akili 324 00:23:52,880 --> 00:23:55,920 kwa wake wa kwanza kunyakua ardhi ya kifalme. 325 00:24:01,720 --> 00:24:06,360 Lengo lake lilikuwa Abyssinia, Ethiopia ya leo. 326 00:24:07,000 --> 00:24:09,576 Italia tayari ilikuwa nayo makoloni kwenye mipaka yake 327 00:24:09,600 --> 00:24:12,640 nchini Eritrea na Somaliland ya Italia. 328 00:24:16,240 --> 00:24:19,976 Mnamo Desemba 1934, Italia vikosi vilichochea mapigano 329 00:24:20,000 --> 00:24:23,736 pamoja na askari wa Abyssinian oasis katika mkoa wa Ogaden, 330 00:24:23,760 --> 00:24:26,520 vizuri ndani Eneo la Abyssinian. 331 00:24:31,040 --> 00:24:34,096 Mussolini kisha akatuma kuimarisha Eritrea 332 00:24:34,120 --> 00:24:36,496 na Kiitaliano Somaliland, inadai 333 00:24:36,520 --> 00:24:38,880 kwamba Abyssinia walipe fidia. 334 00:24:42,120 --> 00:24:45,616 Mfalme wa Abyssinia, Haile Selassie alikata rufaa 335 00:24:45,640 --> 00:24:47,776 kibinafsi kwa Ligi ya Mataifa. 336 00:24:51,840 --> 00:24:54,120 Alitoa wito kwa kuishi kulingana na maadili yake. 337 00:24:54,640 --> 00:24:56,656 Hapa ilikuwa ndogo taifa chini ya tishio 338 00:24:56,680 --> 00:24:58,560 kutoka kwa mwanachama mwingine ya Ligi. 339 00:24:58,880 --> 00:25:01,240 Huu ulikuwa mtihani mkuu. 340 00:25:01,920 --> 00:25:03,880 Lakini Ligi haikufanya lolote. 341 00:25:04,920 --> 00:25:08,176 Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje wa Uingereza Anthony Eden angalau alijaribu 342 00:25:08,200 --> 00:25:11,920 kufanya makubaliano ya amani, lakini Mussolini asingekuwa nayo. 343 00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:18,296 Mapema Oktoba 1935 Jeshi la Italia lilivamia 344 00:25:18,320 --> 00:25:21,280 kutoka Eritrea na Somaliland ya Italia. 345 00:25:25,800 --> 00:25:28,896 Mwahabeshi wa zamani vikosi vilisimama kwa nafasi ndogo 346 00:25:28,920 --> 00:25:32,680 dhidi ya jeshi la kisasa lenye vifaa na silaha na mizinga. 347 00:25:45,240 --> 00:25:47,920 Jeshi la anga la Italia lilikuwa amri kamili ya anga, 348 00:25:48,160 --> 00:25:50,080 na kuwakamata Wahabeshi. 349 00:25:51,720 --> 00:25:55,576 Mara kwa mara kudondosha mabomu ya gesi ingawa kulikuwa na gesi 350 00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:59,960 marufuku huko Versailles kama a "uhalifu dhidi ya ubinadamu". 351 00:26:02,040 --> 00:26:05,800 Baada ya miezi sita, Abyssinia ilizidiwa kabisa. 352 00:26:07,320 --> 00:26:10,800 Mfalme Haile Selassie alikimbilia uhamishoni Uingereza. 353 00:26:14,520 --> 00:26:16,576 Kutoka makao makuu yake nchini Uswisi, 354 00:26:16,600 --> 00:26:19,000 Umoja wa Mataifa vunja mikono yake. 355 00:26:19,440 --> 00:26:21,776 Ililazimisha vikwazo vya kiuchumi, 356 00:26:21,800 --> 00:26:24,000 lakini walikuwa na athari kidogo. 357 00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:30,800 Uchokozi wa Mussolini alifunua mambo mawili. 358 00:26:31,480 --> 00:26:32,976 Ligi ya Mataifa, hiyo kubwa 359 00:26:33,000 --> 00:26:35,320 tumaini la amani, lilikuwa halina nguvu. 360 00:26:35,720 --> 00:26:38,896 Na zote mbili za Ulaya mamlaka kuu, 361 00:26:38,920 --> 00:26:41,176 demokrasia Uingereza na Ufaransa, 362 00:26:41,200 --> 00:26:43,680 hakuwa na tena tumbo kwa mapambano. 363 00:26:50,520 --> 00:26:54,176 Wote Uingereza na Ufaransa walikuwa ilivunjwa na Vita vya Kwanza vya Kidunia 364 00:26:54,200 --> 00:26:57,120 na uchumi wao ulikuwa nao hajawahi kupona kabisa. 365 00:27:00,760 --> 00:27:04,240 Wote wawili walikuwa wameshuhudia mawimbi ya migomo na machafuko. 366 00:27:04,800 --> 00:27:07,016 Wote wawili walikuwa wameteseka ukosefu wa ajira kwa wingi 367 00:27:07,040 --> 00:27:09,320 hata kabla ya Unyogovu Mkuu. 368 00:27:14,320 --> 00:27:17,576 Wote wawili pia walikabiliana na gharama ya kudhibiti himaya, 369 00:27:17,600 --> 00:27:21,096 sasa kuvimba kwa kuchukua makoloni ya zamani ya Ujerumani 370 00:27:21,120 --> 00:27:23,016 na Kati Maeneo ya Mashariki 371 00:27:23,040 --> 00:27:25,880 mara moja inaendeshwa na Kituruki Ufalme wa Ottoman. 372 00:27:28,440 --> 00:27:31,376 Na juu ya yote, wote wawili alikuwa amepatwa na kiwewe 373 00:27:31,400 --> 00:27:35,080 na majeruhi wa kutisha ya Vita Kuu ya Kwanza. 374 00:27:35,680 --> 00:27:38,216 Mfululizo wa Waingereza viongozi, Lloyd George, 375 00:27:38,240 --> 00:27:41,136 Ramsay Macdonald na hapo juu wote Stanley Baldwin, 376 00:27:41,160 --> 00:27:45,720 wote waliamua kushika Uingereza nje ya migogoro ya siku zijazo. 377 00:27:48,280 --> 00:27:50,776 Licha ya majeruhi wa kutisha upande wa Magharibi, 378 00:27:50,800 --> 00:27:52,976 Uingereza ilikuwa imekwisha Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia na 379 00:27:53,000 --> 00:27:55,840 kubwa na yenye ufanisi sana jeshi la waasi. 380 00:27:58,000 --> 00:28:00,776 Hii iliendeshwa mara moja chini kwa mtaalamu mdogo 381 00:28:00,800 --> 00:28:04,200 nguvu iliyoundwa kwa polisi himaya yake iliyoenea. 382 00:28:06,720 --> 00:28:08,576 Na wakati Mkuu Unyogovu ulipiga, 383 00:28:08,600 --> 00:28:11,560 mawazo yoyote ya kisasa jeshi liliachwa. 384 00:28:12,160 --> 00:28:13,896 Ilimaanisha kwamba Uingereza akaenda mbio juu 385 00:28:13,920 --> 00:28:17,240 kupigana kiuchumi na dhaifu kijeshi. 386 00:28:22,880 --> 00:28:24,536 Hasara za Ufaransa wakati Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia 387 00:28:24,560 --> 00:28:26,640 imekuwa mbaya zaidi kuliko Waingereza. 388 00:28:30,320 --> 00:28:31,976 Kutokuwa na imani na Wajerumani, 389 00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:34,520 uandikishaji mkubwa jeshi lilidumishwa, 390 00:28:34,760 --> 00:28:36,696 lakini katika miaka ya 1920, 391 00:28:36,720 --> 00:28:38,680 Kuzaliwa kwa Ufaransa kiwango kilikuwa kimepungua. 392 00:28:39,360 --> 00:28:40,936 Ikawa wazi kuwa kungekuwa na a 393 00:28:40,960 --> 00:28:44,360 upungufu wa wafanyakazi kwa katikati hadi mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1930. 394 00:28:44,960 --> 00:28:47,656 Ufaransa iligundua kuwa inaweza kamwe kushindana na 395 00:28:47,680 --> 00:28:50,400 Ujerumani kwa ukubwa ya jeshi lake pekee. 396 00:28:56,160 --> 00:29:00,720 Suluhisho lilikuwa kupitisha akili ya kujihami kabisa. 397 00:29:05,920 --> 00:29:09,776 Mstari wa Maginot, mfululizo ya ngome ilianza 398 00:29:09,800 --> 00:29:12,256 mwaka 1930 pamoja mpaka na Ujerumani 399 00:29:12,280 --> 00:29:15,120 na kukimbia hadi mpaka wa Ubelgiji. 400 00:29:17,920 --> 00:29:20,616 Hapo kinadharia kuunganishwa na 401 00:29:20,640 --> 00:29:23,320 ngome zilizopangwa na Wabelgiji. 402 00:29:26,240 --> 00:29:29,096 Jeshi hili jipya la Ufaransa njia hiyo ilimaanisha Ufaransa 403 00:29:29,120 --> 00:29:32,160 was only capable of kupigana vita vya kujihami. 404 00:29:32,640 --> 00:29:35,576 Ni tu hakuwa na uwezo wa kuanzisha mashambulizi 405 00:29:35,600 --> 00:29:39,440 juu ya Italia, hata kama Waingereza alikuwa na askari wa kusaidia. 406 00:29:42,080 --> 00:29:44,696 Na bila shaka, nchi zote mbili walijua kwamba wanamaji wao katika 407 00:29:44,720 --> 00:29:49,080 Mediterania walikuwa wachache na meli mpya ya Mussolini. 408 00:29:54,120 --> 00:29:55,896 Hivyo wakati Italia alishinda Abyssinia, 409 00:29:55,920 --> 00:29:59,440 ilikuwa na maana kwa wote wawili mamlaka ya kufanya chochote. 410 00:29:59,880 --> 00:30:01,960 Ilionekana kuwa mbali sana. 411 00:30:02,480 --> 00:30:04,840 Tatizo la mtu mwingine sana. 412 00:30:11,040 --> 00:30:12,576 Kwa sasa wote wawili ilibidi kukabiliana nayo 413 00:30:12,600 --> 00:30:14,800 majeraha yote ya Unyogovu Mkuu. 414 00:30:15,200 --> 00:30:17,760 Hiyo ilionekana sana kushinikiza zaidi. 415 00:30:18,200 --> 00:30:20,736 Na juu ya yote, wao sasa wanakabiliwa na a 416 00:30:20,760 --> 00:30:23,400 tishio la kijeshi karibu na nyumbani. 417 00:30:27,000 --> 00:30:30,160 A kufufuka na kuirudisha Ujerumani. 418 00:30:33,160 --> 00:30:36,016 Na nguvu ya Ujerumani na ya Italia pia, 419 00:30:36,040 --> 00:30:38,640 ilikuwa hivi karibuni kuonyeshwa. 420 00:30:39,080 --> 00:30:43,880 Katika kusaidia kupanda kwa dikteta mwingine, huko Uhispania. 421 00:30:54,680 --> 00:30:57,960 Mnamo 1936, vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe ililipuka nchini Uhispania. 422 00:30:58,440 --> 00:31:02,176 Ilikuwa mbaya sana, kuweka familia dhidi ya familia, 423 00:31:02,200 --> 00:31:06,720 ukomunisti dhidi ya ufashisti, waumini dhidi ya wasioamini Mungu. 424 00:31:11,520 --> 00:31:15,656 Mnamo 1931, serikali ya mrengo wa kushoto alikuwa ameingia madarakani ameamua 425 00:31:15,680 --> 00:31:18,720 kuondokana na karne ufalme wa zamani wa Uhispania. 426 00:31:20,200 --> 00:31:24,360 Mfalme alilazimika kwenda uhamishoni na jamhuri ikatangazwa. 427 00:31:29,160 --> 00:31:33,176 Mnamo Februari 1936, vyama ya kushoto pamoja katika a 428 00:31:33,200 --> 00:31:35,296 Maarufu Mbele kwa kuchukua majeshi 429 00:31:35,320 --> 00:31:37,320 wa haki katika a uchaguzi mkuu. 430 00:31:37,880 --> 00:31:40,200 The Popular Front ilishinda kwa shida. 431 00:31:43,400 --> 00:31:45,816 Ingawa mageuzi yake programu ilikuwa ya kawaida, 432 00:31:45,840 --> 00:31:49,136 wimbi la migomo na unyakuzi wa ardhi ulisababisha haki 433 00:31:49,160 --> 00:31:52,600 kuogopa kuwa mkomunisti kuchukua ilikuwa lazima. 434 00:31:58,280 --> 00:32:01,656 Ndani ya jeshi la Uhispania, kwa muda mrefu ngome ya kihafidhina 435 00:32:01,680 --> 00:32:04,856 na mawazo ya Kikatoliki, maafisa wakuu walianza 436 00:32:04,880 --> 00:32:07,680 kuzingatia uwezekano wa mapinduzi. 437 00:32:09,560 --> 00:32:12,320 Miongoni mwao alikuwa Jenerali Francisco Franco, 438 00:32:13,200 --> 00:32:16,096 aliyekuwa mkuu wa majeshi ambaye walikuwa wamefukuzwa kwa ufanisi 439 00:32:16,120 --> 00:32:19,000 kuamuru vikosi vya Uhispania katika Visiwa vya Canary. 440 00:32:24,280 --> 00:32:28,536 Mnamo Julai 17, 1936 vitengo vya jeshi vinavyopigana 441 00:32:28,560 --> 00:32:32,360 waasi huko Uhispania koloni nchini Morocco iliasi. 442 00:32:34,840 --> 00:32:37,000 Siku iliyofuata Franco akaruka kuungana nao, 443 00:32:37,240 --> 00:32:40,296 kutangaza mpya Harakati za Kitaifa ambazo 444 00:32:40,320 --> 00:32:42,600 ingeokoa Uhispania kutoka kwa ukomunisti. 445 00:32:44,120 --> 00:32:46,960 ngome za Bara sasa alijiunga na uasi huu. 446 00:32:48,920 --> 00:32:50,656 Mbele Maarufu aliitikia kwa kuita 447 00:32:50,680 --> 00:32:53,000 kwa wanaojitolea kutetea jamhuri. 448 00:32:53,680 --> 00:32:55,760 Mistari ya vita ilikuwa imechorwa. 449 00:33:00,360 --> 00:33:02,480 Mwanzoni, Franco alikabili matatizo. 450 00:33:03,080 --> 00:33:05,656 Yeye na jeshi lake walikuwa ndani Afrika Kaskazini na alikuwa nayo 451 00:33:05,680 --> 00:33:08,720 kuvuka mipaka wa Gibraltar kurudi Uhispania. 452 00:33:09,320 --> 00:33:12,720 Basi akamgeukia yule mtu ambaye alidhani anaweza kusaidia. 453 00:33:13,520 --> 00:33:14,920 Adolf Hitler. 454 00:33:19,280 --> 00:33:22,216 Ndani ya mwezi, usafiri ndege kutoka kwa Hitler 455 00:33:22,240 --> 00:33:25,040 Luftwaffe mpya alikuwa nayo alianza kuinua hewa, 456 00:33:25,320 --> 00:33:27,096 kuchukua vita vya Franco kuwa ngumu 457 00:33:27,120 --> 00:33:29,280 maveterani hadi kusini mwa Uhispania. 458 00:33:38,840 --> 00:33:41,016 Katika hatua hii, Jamhuri bado 459 00:33:41,040 --> 00:33:43,080 ilionekana kuwa na faida. 460 00:33:43,480 --> 00:33:46,256 Jeshi la pro Franco machafuko huko Madrid 461 00:33:46,280 --> 00:33:49,456 na Barcelona, walikuwa haraka kupondwa kuiacha 462 00:33:49,480 --> 00:33:52,240 katika udhibiti wa wengi mashariki mwa nchi. 463 00:33:56,480 --> 00:33:59,456 Wazalendo wa Franco walikuwa wamefungwa kwa kiasi kikubwa 464 00:33:59,480 --> 00:34:02,040 kaskazini magharibi na sehemu ya kusini. 465 00:34:07,120 --> 00:34:10,696 Lakini hali ya Uzalendo ilibadilishwa wakati Hitler 466 00:34:10,720 --> 00:34:14,640 na Mussolini akaanza kumwaga askari na silaha. 467 00:34:18,560 --> 00:34:21,976 Dikteta wa Ujerumani alikamatwa nafasi ya kumjaribu 468 00:34:22,000 --> 00:34:25,600 vifaa vipya na kupanua vikosi vya jeshi. 469 00:34:26,800 --> 00:34:28,576 Mizinga ya kwanza ya Panzer ilitumwa 470 00:34:28,600 --> 00:34:31,120 pamoja na askari wapatao 12,000. 471 00:34:33,120 --> 00:34:36,296 Na Luftwaffe ilitumwa Condor Legion yake na 472 00:34:36,320 --> 00:34:38,920 mpya yake ya kisasa kabisa washambuliaji na wapiganaji. 473 00:34:48,240 --> 00:34:50,896 Mussolini alituma hivyo inayoitwa vikosi vya kujitolea 474 00:34:50,920 --> 00:34:55,080 ya wanaume 50,000 na zaidi zaidi ya ndege 700. 475 00:34:59,160 --> 00:35:01,976 Republican walifanya bure rufaa kwa Uingereza, 476 00:35:02,000 --> 00:35:05,200 Ufaransa na Soviet Muungano kwa msaada. 477 00:35:07,280 --> 00:35:09,696 Lakini London na Paris waliogopa 478 00:35:09,720 --> 00:35:11,920 ya kuanzisha vita vya Ulaya. 479 00:35:12,160 --> 00:35:15,200 Walitangaza sera ya kutoingilia kati. 480 00:35:19,160 --> 00:35:22,600 Kwa kejeli, Ujerumani na Italia ilijiandikisha kwa hili. 481 00:35:23,040 --> 00:35:25,416 Lakini ilipodhihirika ambayo walikuwa bado wanatuma 482 00:35:25,440 --> 00:35:29,496 silaha kwa Wazalendo, Josef Stalin, kiongozi wa Soviet. 483 00:35:29,520 --> 00:35:32,200 alitangaza kwamba atafanya kuisaidia Jamhuri. 484 00:35:36,520 --> 00:35:39,600 Hofu ya Stalin ilikuwa kuongezeka ya Ufashisti nchini Ujerumani. 485 00:35:40,520 --> 00:35:43,136 Hitler alikuwa amefanikiwa kwa wingi wazi kwamba aliamini 486 00:35:43,160 --> 00:35:45,920 ukomunisti kuwa wa Nazism adui wa mwisho. 487 00:35:50,320 --> 00:35:53,376 Stalin aliona Kihispania migogoro kama njia ya kuhifadhi 488 00:35:53,400 --> 00:35:56,336 Ujerumani na Italia zilichukua wakati wa kujenga 489 00:35:56,360 --> 00:35:58,680 wa Umoja wa Kisovyeti nguvu za kijeshi. 490 00:36:01,120 --> 00:36:03,760 Takriban wanajeshi 700 washauri walitumwa 491 00:36:04,200 --> 00:36:06,840 pamoja na mizinga na ndege ya kivita. 492 00:36:07,400 --> 00:36:09,616 Ilikuwa ni kitu, lakini hakuna mechi kwa 493 00:36:09,640 --> 00:36:11,720 msaada alioupata Franco. 494 00:36:15,320 --> 00:36:18,336 Kwa kweli chanzo kikubwa zaidi cha msaada wa nje kwa Jamhuri 495 00:36:18,360 --> 00:36:20,576 haikutoka kwa a nchi kabisa lakini 496 00:36:20,600 --> 00:36:23,960 kutoka kwa watu wa kujitolea, Brigedi za Kimataifa. 497 00:36:24,520 --> 00:36:28,296 Karibu 30,000 wa mrengo wa kushoto Wamarekani, Waingereza, Wafaransa 498 00:36:28,320 --> 00:36:31,480 na Wajerumani walijiandikisha kupigana huko Uhispania. 499 00:36:36,000 --> 00:36:39,136 Na Fashisti wao mpya msaada, Wazalendo walikuwa 500 00:36:39,160 --> 00:36:41,816 uwezo wa kufungua mbili mbele, moja inasonga mbele 501 00:36:41,840 --> 00:36:44,416 kuelekea Barcelona kutoka Kaskazini. 502 00:36:44,440 --> 00:36:46,496 Mwingine akiongozwa na Franco akisukuma 503 00:36:46,520 --> 00:36:48,920 kuelekea Madrid kutoka kusini. 504 00:36:51,280 --> 00:36:54,296 Kufikia mwisho wa 1936, Madrid ilikuwa imefunikwa 505 00:36:54,320 --> 00:36:57,640 kwa pande tatu na karibu chini ya kuzingirwa. 506 00:37:00,600 --> 00:37:03,496 Mapigano yalikuwa makali na mara nyingi huambatana 507 00:37:03,520 --> 00:37:06,120 kwa ukatili wa kutisha dhidi ya raia. 508 00:37:08,520 --> 00:37:10,296 Warepublican waliwinda na 509 00:37:10,320 --> 00:37:12,760 aliwaua makasisi wa Kikatoliki. 510 00:37:13,160 --> 00:37:15,256 Wazalendo alichinja mtu yeyote 511 00:37:15,280 --> 00:37:16,960 anayetuhumiwa kuwa mkomunisti. 512 00:37:20,040 --> 00:37:22,576 Kijerumani na Kiitaliano nguvu ya hewa ilitumika 513 00:37:22,600 --> 00:37:25,760 bila kubagua malengo ya raia. 514 00:37:27,560 --> 00:37:32,696 Madrid ilishambuliwa kwa bomu, lakini tukio baya zaidi lilikuja 515 00:37:32,720 --> 00:37:36,896 Aprili 1937, wakati wa Mji wa Basque wa Guernica ulikuwa 516 00:37:36,920 --> 00:37:41,040 karibu kufutwa na 6,000 vifo vya raia. 517 00:37:45,200 --> 00:37:46,896 Eneo lililodhibitiwa na Jamhuri 518 00:37:46,920 --> 00:37:48,800 ilikuwa chini kwa kasi. 519 00:37:49,200 --> 00:37:52,776 Ni nguvu zinazopigana kwa nguvu gallantry, lakini chini ya mafunzo 520 00:37:52,800 --> 00:37:56,016 na chini ya amateurs vifaa hazikuwa za mechi kwa 521 00:37:56,040 --> 00:37:59,416 askari wa kitaalamu waliongoza na Franco au kwa 522 00:37:59,440 --> 00:38:03,040 pamoja silaha za kisasa ya Italia na Ujerumani. 523 00:38:07,360 --> 00:38:10,296 Vita vilipoendelea, mapigano karibu na Madrid ikawa 524 00:38:10,320 --> 00:38:12,816 ishara ya kushoto uamuzi sio 525 00:38:12,840 --> 00:38:15,760 kukandamizwa na a Udikteta wa Kifashisti. 526 00:38:18,320 --> 00:38:20,016 Lakini nyuma ya pazia, wa Republican 527 00:38:20,040 --> 00:38:21,800 muungano ulikuwa unasambaratika. 528 00:38:22,240 --> 00:38:24,496 Wakomunisti na wanajamii walitaka 529 00:38:24,520 --> 00:38:26,920 zingatia kushinda ushindi wa kijeshi. 530 00:38:29,200 --> 00:38:32,416 Lakini zaidi idealistic wanarchists na syndicalists 531 00:38:32,440 --> 00:38:34,976 aliona vita kama fursa kwa a 532 00:38:35,000 --> 00:38:37,280 mapinduzi makubwa ya wafanyakazi. 533 00:38:40,840 --> 00:38:44,720 Mizozo hii ilizuka wazi mnamo Mei 1937. 534 00:38:45,080 --> 00:38:46,816 Mapigano yalizuka huko Barcelona 535 00:38:46,840 --> 00:38:49,040 kati ya wanarchists na wakomunisti. 536 00:38:49,520 --> 00:38:52,800 Ilikuwa ni kudhoofika mbaya kwa sababu ya Republican. 537 00:38:56,400 --> 00:38:58,096 Kufikia mwisho wa 1938, 538 00:38:58,120 --> 00:39:00,296 Wazalendo walikuwa nao aliandika adui yao 539 00:39:00,320 --> 00:39:03,000 kwenye shimo ndogo karibu na Barcelona, 540 00:39:03,440 --> 00:39:07,320 na nyingine inayonyoosha kuelekea mashariki kutoka Madrid hadi pwani. 541 00:39:14,320 --> 00:39:16,776 Madrid iliendelea kushikilia, lakini 542 00:39:16,800 --> 00:39:19,280 brigedi za kimataifa ziliondolewa. 543 00:39:20,600 --> 00:39:24,256 Mataifa zaidi na zaidi yalianza kuitambua serikali ya Franco 544 00:39:24,280 --> 00:39:28,120 huku majeshi yake yakifungwa shambulio la mwisho dhidi ya Madrid. 545 00:39:34,200 --> 00:39:38,456 Mwisho wa Machi 1939, watetezi wake wamechoka 546 00:39:38,480 --> 00:39:40,656 baada ya karibu tatu miaka ya mapigano, 547 00:39:40,680 --> 00:39:43,000 mji mkuu hatimaye kujisalimisha. 548 00:39:49,160 --> 00:39:51,976 Mwezi mmoja baadaye, Franco kutangazwa rasmi 549 00:39:52,000 --> 00:39:53,800 uhasama mwishoni. 550 00:39:59,440 --> 00:40:02,760 Makovu ya raia wa Uhispania vita ilichukua miaka kupona 551 00:40:03,200 --> 00:40:06,120 na, kwa namna fulani, hawajawahi. 552 00:40:08,600 --> 00:40:11,096 Na kimataifa, ushindi wa Franco 553 00:40:11,120 --> 00:40:13,920 juu ya Jamhuri imeonekana janga. 554 00:40:15,520 --> 00:40:17,856 Hitler na Musolini zilithibitishwa katika wao 555 00:40:17,880 --> 00:40:20,376 belief that the democracies ya Uingereza na Ufaransa 556 00:40:20,400 --> 00:40:23,920 hawakuwa na uwezo wa kupinga shinikizo lolote la kweli. 557 00:40:26,480 --> 00:40:28,336 Wakati Stalin alikata tamaa yao 558 00:40:28,360 --> 00:40:30,720 utayari wa kukabiliana na Ufashisti. 559 00:40:33,480 --> 00:40:36,056 Hitler in particular saw njia yake iko wazi kuanza 560 00:40:36,080 --> 00:40:39,640 sera za fujo imeainishwa katika Mein Kampf. 561 00:40:41,160 --> 00:40:42,896 Hata kabla ya Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Uhispania 562 00:40:42,920 --> 00:40:45,640 alimaliza majeshi yake walikuwa kwenye maandamano. 563 00:40:53,120 --> 00:40:55,696 Tangu alipokuwa Kansela wa Ujerumani 564 00:40:55,720 --> 00:41:00,096 Januari 30, 1933. Hitler alikuwa ameanza kuweka yake 565 00:41:00,120 --> 00:41:02,520 matarajio ya muda mrefu katika vitendo. 566 00:41:06,040 --> 00:41:09,736 Mnamo Februari 3, alisema makamanda wake wakuu 567 00:41:09,760 --> 00:41:12,816 lengo lake kuu lilikuwa " kuliteka eneo hilo" 568 00:41:12,840 --> 00:41:16,120 "mashariki na bila huruma Kijerumani". 569 00:41:17,000 --> 00:41:20,200 Waliagizwa kujiandaa kwa upanuzi mkubwa. 570 00:41:23,640 --> 00:41:27,296 Ingawa Ujerumani ilikuwa mizinga iliyokatazwa, mkataba wa siri 571 00:41:27,320 --> 00:41:30,496 pamoja na Umoja wa Kisovyeti 1923, iliruhusu 572 00:41:30,520 --> 00:41:33,576 maendeleo ya miundo ya tank na majaribio 573 00:41:33,600 --> 00:41:36,160 na simu mpya mbinu za kivita. 574 00:41:38,600 --> 00:41:41,496 Kijana mwenye nguvu wa Ujerumani maafisa kama Heinz Guderian 575 00:41:41,520 --> 00:41:43,816 soma nadharia za Wanafikra wa Uingereza kama 576 00:41:43,840 --> 00:41:47,200 Basil Liddell Hart na Kanali John Fuller. 577 00:41:48,480 --> 00:41:50,896 Walitazama hata mazoezi inayotekelezwa na 578 00:41:50,920 --> 00:41:53,920 Waingereza wakati wa Miaka ya 1920 kwenye Salisbury Plain. 579 00:41:54,480 --> 00:41:57,096 Ilikuwa kutoka kwa hawa walikuja na wazo 580 00:41:57,120 --> 00:42:02,256 ya vitengo vinavyosonga haraka vinavyochanganyika mizinga artillery na watoto wachanga 581 00:42:02,280 --> 00:42:06,520 ambayo inaweza kutia haraka na ndani kabisa ya eneo la adui. 582 00:42:10,240 --> 00:42:13,320 Hitler alichukua yao mawazo kwa shauku, 583 00:42:13,560 --> 00:42:17,320 jeshi jipya lilikuwa liwe sehemu tatu za Panzer. 584 00:42:20,280 --> 00:42:22,896 Vile vile, hewa mpya nguvu, Luftwaffe, 585 00:42:22,920 --> 00:42:26,336 chini ya Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia mpiganaji Hermann Goering, 586 00:42:26,360 --> 00:42:28,720 alikuwa na mfumo wa kujenga. 587 00:42:32,360 --> 00:42:34,656 Katika miaka yote katika ambayo jeshi lake la anga lilikuwa 588 00:42:34,680 --> 00:42:37,896 marufuku rasmi, Ujerumani alikuwa naendelea na muundo wake 589 00:42:37,920 --> 00:42:40,480 ujuzi kwa kujenga mashine za raia. 590 00:42:41,120 --> 00:42:44,056 Na kuruka na vilabu vya kuruka vilivyotolewa 591 00:42:44,080 --> 00:42:46,800 hifadhi ya wafanyakazi wa ndege wanaowezekana. 592 00:42:49,720 --> 00:42:51,456 Hitler alifichua kuwepo kwa 593 00:42:51,480 --> 00:42:55,120 Luftwaffe mnamo Machi 1935. 594 00:42:58,040 --> 00:43:00,696 Kisha akatangaza kwamba jeshi lilitakiwa kuongezwa 595 00:43:00,720 --> 00:43:05,680 Wanaume 300,000 na kujiandikisha ilianzishwa tena. 596 00:43:08,480 --> 00:43:11,016 Uingereza na Ufaransa walipinga kwa unyonge kwa hili 597 00:43:11,040 --> 00:43:13,600 ukiukaji wa wazi wa Mkataba wa Versailles. 598 00:43:15,960 --> 00:43:20,640 Lakini hivi karibuni wao kwa kusita na taratibu akaanza kushikana mikono. 599 00:43:26,520 --> 00:43:29,720 Hadi wakati huu, Hitler alikuwa alikuwa mnyenyekevu katika malengo yake. 600 00:43:30,120 --> 00:43:32,416 Alikuwa amechukua tu nyuma kile kilikuwa chake, 601 00:43:32,440 --> 00:43:34,560 Rhineland na Saarland. 602 00:43:35,920 --> 00:43:38,600 Lakini sasa alikuwa na mkuu zaidi lengo akilini. 603 00:43:39,000 --> 00:43:41,040 Nchi yake Austria. 604 00:43:43,080 --> 00:43:46,896 Mnamo 1934, Wanazi wa Austria alikuwa amejaribu kukamata 605 00:43:46,920 --> 00:43:49,920 nguvu na kuunganisha nchi na Ujerumani. 606 00:43:51,800 --> 00:43:54,896 Waaustria, baada ya yote walizungumza Wajerumani, hata kama wao 607 00:43:54,920 --> 00:43:57,440 haijawahi kuwa sehemu wa jimbo la Ujerumani. 608 00:43:58,800 --> 00:44:03,520 Mnamo Februari 1938, mwingine Njama ya Nazi iligunduliwa. 609 00:44:04,080 --> 00:44:06,616 Kansela wa Austria Kurt von Schuschnigg 610 00:44:06,640 --> 00:44:08,440 alipinga Hitler. 611 00:44:12,200 --> 00:44:15,136 Hitler alijibu kwa kudai kwamba Austria ikome kudhulumu 612 00:44:15,160 --> 00:44:18,480 Wanazi wa Austria na kuungana na Ujerumani. 613 00:44:27,120 --> 00:44:30,176 Schuschnigg aliita mara moja kura ya maoni ili 614 00:44:30,200 --> 00:44:33,520 Waaustria wanaweza kupiga kura kama kubaki huru. 615 00:44:36,320 --> 00:44:41,176 Lakini mnamo Machi 12, 1938, usiku wa kuamkia leo wa kura ya maoni, Hitler, 616 00:44:41,200 --> 00:44:43,656 kuogopa kwamba inaweza kutoa matokeo mabaya, 617 00:44:43,680 --> 00:44:45,720 alituma askari wake. 618 00:44:47,320 --> 00:44:50,696 Mshangao kamili na makaribisho ya shauku 619 00:44:50,720 --> 00:44:55,120 iliyofanywa na wafuasi wa Nazi ni uvamizi usio na damu. 620 00:44:57,120 --> 00:44:59,256 Ndani ya masaa Hitler alitangaza Austria 621 00:44:59,280 --> 00:45:01,640 kuingizwa katika Reich ya Tatu. 622 00:45:02,120 --> 00:45:05,016 Taifa huru lilikuwa na kwa mara ya kwanza, 623 00:45:05,040 --> 00:45:08,400 imeingizwa ndani Ujerumani kubwa zaidi. 624 00:45:09,240 --> 00:45:13,720 Kwa mara nyingine tena magharibi demokrasia imeshindwa kuchukua hatua. 625 00:45:17,520 --> 00:45:19,416 Katika msimu wa joto wa 1938 aligeuka 626 00:45:19,440 --> 00:45:22,440 kwenye mawindo yake yanayofuata, Chekoslovakia. 627 00:45:22,880 --> 00:45:25,776 Idadi kubwa ya Wajerumani aliishi kaskazini magharibi 628 00:45:25,800 --> 00:45:29,440 ya nchi, eneo inayojulikana kama Sudetenland. 629 00:45:32,880 --> 00:45:34,856 Wajerumani hawa wa Sudeten walikuwa nao imekuwa sehemu ya zamani 630 00:45:34,880 --> 00:45:37,656 himaya ya Austria lakini ilikuwa imekatwa lini 631 00:45:37,680 --> 00:45:40,440 Czechoslovakia ilikuwa iliundwa mnamo 1919. 632 00:45:43,880 --> 00:45:46,176 Hili lilikuwa bomu la wakati iliyokuwa imeanza kutikisa 633 00:45:46,200 --> 00:45:48,680 wakati wa kusainiwa kwa Mkataba wa Versailles. 634 00:45:52,200 --> 00:45:55,616 Hitler alimtia moyo Sudeten Wajerumani kudai uhuru, 635 00:45:55,640 --> 00:45:57,696 na kisha kutishiwa serikali ya Czech 636 00:45:57,720 --> 00:46:00,400 kwa nguvu ikiwa alikataa kukubaliana. 637 00:46:02,840 --> 00:46:05,016 Bila kuogopa, Mcheki serikali iliamuru 638 00:46:05,040 --> 00:46:08,200 uhamasishaji wa jumla na tayari kupinga. 639 00:46:09,960 --> 00:46:12,696 Jeshi la Czechoslovakia lilikuwa kubwa na yenye vifaa vya kutosha, 640 00:46:12,720 --> 00:46:16,520 yenye ngome za kutisha kwenye mpaka wake na Ujerumani. 641 00:46:17,000 --> 00:46:18,720 Hitler aliunga mkono. 642 00:46:21,400 --> 00:46:23,096 Lakini basi kwenye mwanzo wa Septemba, 643 00:46:23,120 --> 00:46:25,296 ilihusu vita hivyo inaweza kuwa karibu, 644 00:46:25,320 --> 00:46:27,496 waziri mkuu wa Uingereza, Neville Chamberlain 645 00:46:27,520 --> 00:46:30,320 aliamua kufanya kazi kama mleta amani. 646 00:46:34,120 --> 00:46:36,120 Aliruka kukutana na Hitler mara mbili. 647 00:46:36,600 --> 00:46:38,736 Dikteta wa Nazi alihakikisha yeye kama angeweza 648 00:46:38,760 --> 00:46:41,576 kuwa na Sudetenland yeye bila kufanya zaidi 649 00:46:41,600 --> 00:46:43,720 mahitaji ya eneo katika Ulaya. 650 00:46:51,400 --> 00:46:54,616 Katika Munich, juu Septemba 29, 1938. 651 00:46:54,640 --> 00:46:58,096 huku Mussolini akiigiza kama mpatanishi, Ufaransa na Uingereza 652 00:46:58,120 --> 00:47:00,576 saini makubaliano kutoa Sudetenland kwa 653 00:47:00,600 --> 00:47:03,576 Ujerumani kwa malipo ya a tamko rasmi na 654 00:47:03,600 --> 00:47:07,760 Hitler kwamba hakuwa na zaidi matamanio ya eneo. 655 00:47:12,240 --> 00:47:14,616 Chamberlain akaruka kurudi Uingereza ikipunga kipande hicho 656 00:47:14,640 --> 00:47:19,640 ya karatasi ambayo alidai "Inahakikisha amani katika wakati wetu." 657 00:47:22,720 --> 00:47:26,536 Kwa hivyo, mnamo Oktoba 1, Wanajeshi wa Ujerumani walichukua 658 00:47:26,560 --> 00:47:31,320 Sudetenland na walimkamata Ngome za mpaka wa Czech. 659 00:47:33,640 --> 00:47:37,880 Hitler sasa alianza kujiweka sawa lengo lake la pili, Poland. 660 00:47:45,040 --> 00:47:47,816 Tena sababu ya jina walikuwa Wajerumani wachache 661 00:47:47,840 --> 00:47:51,080 kutelekezwa kama matokeo ya Mkataba wa Versailles. 662 00:47:53,720 --> 00:47:56,496 Hitler alidai kurudi wa bandari ya Danzig 663 00:47:56,520 --> 00:47:59,856 kwa udhibiti wa Wajerumani, ili Prussia Mashariki inaweza kuwa 664 00:47:59,880 --> 00:48:01,920 kuunganishwa na wengine wa Ujerumani. 665 00:48:04,440 --> 00:48:07,920 Wapole walikataa, na Hitler alisita. 666 00:48:08,360 --> 00:48:10,920 Hakuwa tayari kabisa kwa vita vyote 667 00:48:11,360 --> 00:48:14,880 na alikuwa hajamaliza biashara na Czechoslovakia. 668 00:48:17,320 --> 00:48:20,016 Mnamo Machi 1939, Mashariki sehemu ya nchi, 669 00:48:20,040 --> 00:48:23,096 Slovakia, ambayo ilikuwa tofauti za kikabila 670 00:48:23,120 --> 00:48:26,016 Ardhi ya Czech, ilikata rufaa kwa Hitler kwa msaada 671 00:48:26,040 --> 00:48:28,120 katika kufikia makubwa zaidi uhuru. 672 00:48:31,240 --> 00:48:34,736 Hitler aliita Czechoslovakia waziri mkuu Emil Hacha 673 00:48:34,760 --> 00:48:37,816 kwa Berlin, na browbeat yeye katika kuweka 674 00:48:37,840 --> 00:48:40,400 chini ya nchi yake Kijerumani "ulinzi". 675 00:48:45,480 --> 00:48:47,056 Wanajeshi wa Ujerumani sasa wakaingia ndani 676 00:48:47,080 --> 00:48:50,200 wengine wa Chekoslovakia, bila kupingwa. 677 00:48:50,800 --> 00:48:53,520 Sehemu kubwa ya nchi ilikuwa kuunganishwa katika Reich. 678 00:48:53,880 --> 00:48:56,720 Slovakia ilitangazwa kinga. 679 00:48:58,200 --> 00:48:59,976 Kwa mara ya kwanza, Hitler alikuwa amemkamata 680 00:49:00,000 --> 00:49:01,920 eneo lisilozungumza Kijerumani. 681 00:49:02,720 --> 00:49:04,736 Lakini tena huko alikuwa dhaifu tu 682 00:49:04,760 --> 00:49:07,320 maandamano kutoka Uingereza na Ufaransa. 683 00:49:09,400 --> 00:49:11,096 Mwishoni mwa Machi, akarudia tena 684 00:49:11,120 --> 00:49:13,720 madai yake kwamba Poland achana na Danzig. 685 00:49:14,240 --> 00:49:18,016 Wakati huu Ufaransa na Uingereza alitangaza bila shaka 686 00:49:18,040 --> 00:49:21,120 wangetangaza vita ikiwa alishambulia Poland. 687 00:49:23,120 --> 00:49:27,080 Lakini kwa sasa Hitler hakujali sana kama walifanya au la, 688 00:49:27,680 --> 00:49:29,296 alikuwa na hakika kwamba wangekuwa dhaifu 689 00:49:29,320 --> 00:49:31,720 na wapinzani wasio na maamuzi. 690 00:49:35,840 --> 00:49:38,040 Nchini Urusi, Stalin pia imekuwa 691 00:49:38,280 --> 00:49:41,120 kuzidi kuwa na wasiwasi kwa uchokozi wa Hitler. 692 00:49:41,920 --> 00:49:44,136 Mnamo Aprili Stalin ilipendekeza muungano 693 00:49:44,160 --> 00:49:45,680 pamoja na Uingereza na Ufaransa. 694 00:49:46,920 --> 00:49:49,440 Lakini mazungumzo yalifanyika maendeleo kidogo, 695 00:49:49,840 --> 00:49:53,016 na mwishowe Stalin alikata tamaa, kuamua hapo 696 00:49:53,040 --> 00:49:56,040 lilikuwa suluhisho lingine kwa tishio la Ujerumani. 697 00:49:59,560 --> 00:50:03,200 Mnamo Agosti 23, Soviet Muungano na Reich ya Tatu, 698 00:50:03,440 --> 00:50:06,216 ambao kila mtu alimwamini walikuwa maadui walioapa, 699 00:50:06,240 --> 00:50:09,280 alitangaza mkataba usio na uchokozi. 700 00:50:11,480 --> 00:50:14,056 Mkataba huo kwa siri ilibainisha kuwa Poland itakuwa 701 00:50:14,080 --> 00:50:16,816 kugawanyika kati ya nchi hizo mbili na Stalin angekuwa na a 702 00:50:16,840 --> 00:50:21,200 mkono huru kuchukua Estonia, Latvia na Lithuania. 703 00:50:25,000 --> 00:50:28,376 Sasa huru kutoka kwa Kirusi yoyote tishio, Hitler aliamuru yake 704 00:50:28,400 --> 00:50:31,960 vikosi vya jeshi kujiandaa uvamizi wa papo hapo. 705 00:50:34,720 --> 00:50:36,896 Jioni ya Agosti 31, 706 00:50:36,920 --> 00:50:40,000 Wehrmacht ya Ujerumani tayari kwa shambulio hilo, 707 00:50:40,480 --> 00:50:42,496 Fuehrer yake alikuwa nayo alifanya uamuzi 708 00:50:42,520 --> 00:50:45,520 ambayo ingeanguka dunia katika vita.