1 00:00:01,880 --> 00:00:04,760 - Deep below the ocean's surface... -OK, do it. 2 00:00:04,840 --> 00:00:07,920 ...lies the remnants of a forgotten past. 3 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:12,200 It's like going in a time machine. This is a marine biologist's dream. 4 00:00:12,280 --> 00:00:14,720 - Before the age of dinosaurs... -What is that? 5 00:00:14,800 --> 00:00:18,160 ...the seas were ruled by monster prehistoric sharks. 6 00:00:18,240 --> 00:00:20,240 This is truly nightmare fuel. 7 00:00:21,160 --> 00:00:24,040 Super predators with terrifying adaptations. 8 00:00:24,120 --> 00:00:26,480 Structures off their head that looked like anvils, 9 00:00:26,560 --> 00:00:28,200 head spines, scissoring jaws. 10 00:00:28,280 --> 00:00:30,680 These sharks were like nothing seen today. 11 00:00:30,760 --> 00:00:33,800 Formidable predator that you did not want to get in front of. 12 00:00:33,880 --> 00:00:37,160 Now teams of scientists from around the world... 13 00:00:37,240 --> 00:00:39,480 -Might have something. -What you got? 14 00:00:39,560 --> 00:00:41,640 ...will scour the darkest depths... 15 00:00:41,720 --> 00:00:43,920 This thing is a monster. It's huge. 16 00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:46,840 ...digging for evidence in unlikeliest places. 17 00:00:46,920 --> 00:00:50,440 -That's from a 50-foot shark. -Things really are bigger in Texas. 18 00:00:50,520 --> 00:00:54,520 To resurrect the strangest, biggest... 19 00:00:55,520 --> 00:00:57,160 ...and most fearsome... 20 00:00:59,920 --> 00:01:01,960 ...Jurassic sharks. 21 00:01:09,280 --> 00:01:13,040 Sharks are among the oldest living marine species on the planet. 22 00:01:13,120 --> 00:01:15,000 Sharks are older than trees themselves. 23 00:01:15,080 --> 00:01:18,360 They've been ruling the oceans for hundreds of millions of years. 24 00:01:18,440 --> 00:01:21,600 Before dinosaurs controlled the land and air, 25 00:01:21,680 --> 00:01:25,440 the oceans were full of prehistoric predatorial nightmares. 26 00:01:26,320 --> 00:01:30,120 We're talking about sharks that were larger than white sharks. 27 00:01:30,200 --> 00:01:34,680 Massive hyper-predatory sharks with a lot of weird body styles. 28 00:01:34,760 --> 00:01:36,920 But not all of these sharks survived for long. 29 00:01:37,000 --> 00:01:38,840 Deadlier predators or mass extinctions 30 00:01:38,920 --> 00:01:42,440 mean that these predators only reigned for a small era 31 00:01:42,520 --> 00:01:44,080 before the next one came along. 32 00:01:45,200 --> 00:01:47,600 In the shadow of Mount Fuji, Japan, 33 00:01:47,680 --> 00:01:51,480 marine biologist Austin Gallagher is spearheading an expedition 34 00:01:51,560 --> 00:01:55,800 to an ancient canyon thousands of feet below the surface. 35 00:01:55,880 --> 00:01:58,160 Suruga Bay is the deepest bay in Japan 36 00:01:58,240 --> 00:02:01,640 and it is the perfect location to study ancient sharks. 37 00:02:01,720 --> 00:02:03,440 It's like going in a time machine. 38 00:02:03,520 --> 00:02:06,000 Once an ancient marine battleground, 39 00:02:06,080 --> 00:02:08,800 Suruga Bay is filled with bizarre creatures 40 00:02:08,880 --> 00:02:12,080 and survivors of that forgotten era. 41 00:02:12,160 --> 00:02:15,480 It's home to species like the frilled shark, 42 00:02:15,560 --> 00:02:17,400 ghost shark and the goblin shark. 43 00:02:17,480 --> 00:02:20,880 Species that used to swim alongside these Jurassic sharks. 44 00:02:20,960 --> 00:02:23,560 These living fossil sharks are the last links 45 00:02:23,640 --> 00:02:26,560 between the present and the past. 46 00:02:26,640 --> 00:02:29,360 Living fossil is a species that exists today 47 00:02:29,440 --> 00:02:32,440 that shows traits of a much more ancient early design. 48 00:02:32,520 --> 00:02:35,480 Traits that were common millions of years ago. 49 00:02:35,560 --> 00:02:39,080 Finding these living fossil sharks will help us better understand 50 00:02:39,160 --> 00:02:41,400 what this ancient battleground looked like, 51 00:02:41,480 --> 00:02:44,240 allowing us to bring these extinct Jurassic sharks 52 00:02:44,320 --> 00:02:46,160 through animation like never before. 53 00:02:48,560 --> 00:02:50,160 I think that this bay was home 54 00:02:50,240 --> 00:02:53,120 to some of the most insane-looking super predators 55 00:02:53,200 --> 00:02:54,680 that ever lived in the oceans, 56 00:02:54,760 --> 00:02:57,080 like the scissor-tooth and the buzzsaw shark. 57 00:02:57,720 --> 00:02:59,880 Two absolute killing machines, 58 00:02:59,960 --> 00:03:04,720 the scissor-tooth and buzzsaw sharks were 25-foot monsters 59 00:03:04,800 --> 00:03:07,040 with nightmarish jaw adaptations 60 00:03:07,120 --> 00:03:10,160 that have baffled scientists for generations. 61 00:03:10,240 --> 00:03:12,680 Nothing like that exists today. 62 00:03:12,760 --> 00:03:15,840 Completely bizarre and unfamiliar to us in the modern world. 63 00:03:15,920 --> 00:03:18,960 There's so little that's known about these prehistoric sharks. 64 00:03:19,040 --> 00:03:21,000 So we're looking for living shark species 65 00:03:21,080 --> 00:03:22,680 that would've swam alongside them 66 00:03:22,760 --> 00:03:25,480 that can prove they were here and tell us more about them. 67 00:03:26,760 --> 00:03:29,120 Austin is setting out with his research partner 68 00:03:29,200 --> 00:03:31,960 and deep-sea expert Yuuki Watanabe. 69 00:03:41,360 --> 00:03:44,360 -We've got a shark. -Kitefin shark! 70 00:03:44,440 --> 00:03:46,720 The team has pulled up a four-foot shark, 71 00:03:46,800 --> 00:03:48,680 a survivor of the ancient past. 72 00:03:48,760 --> 00:03:50,080 Really cool. 73 00:03:50,160 --> 00:03:52,720 Kitefin sharks are deep-water shark species 74 00:03:52,800 --> 00:03:54,840 that have adapted to living at depth. 75 00:03:54,920 --> 00:03:58,320 But I've never seen a live specimen up close. 76 00:03:58,400 --> 00:04:00,120 So this is just an amazing shark. 77 00:04:00,200 --> 00:04:01,640 Yeah, look at this tail. 78 00:04:01,720 --> 00:04:05,280 It's elongated and it looks like a kite, 79 00:04:05,360 --> 00:04:08,600 and this is why this shark is called kitefin shark. 80 00:04:08,680 --> 00:04:11,960 Many of the prehistoric sharks that we see today 81 00:04:12,040 --> 00:04:15,520 show a very elongated, almost snake-like body. 82 00:04:15,600 --> 00:04:19,000 And as sharks continued to evolve and the tail started to change 83 00:04:19,080 --> 00:04:21,200 and it started to make more of a shape 84 00:04:21,280 --> 00:04:23,320 of a classic fin that we see today. 85 00:04:23,400 --> 00:04:27,040 The kitefin shark is a perfect example of an ancient shark 86 00:04:27,120 --> 00:04:30,320 that is in the middle of evolution, in the middle of this change. 87 00:04:30,400 --> 00:04:33,640 -Look at the teeth. Really sharp. -Yeah. Those teeth are sharp. 88 00:04:33,720 --> 00:04:35,800 So definitely capable of biting 89 00:04:35,880 --> 00:04:39,040 and taking big chunks of flesh out of species. 90 00:04:39,120 --> 00:04:41,880 I'm always interested by the eyes of this shark. 91 00:04:41,960 --> 00:04:44,560 Green, big and like a jewel. 92 00:04:44,640 --> 00:04:45,960 Adaptations are key 93 00:04:46,040 --> 00:04:48,520 for the long-term survival of any species. 94 00:04:48,600 --> 00:04:51,400 Their eyes has a different ratio of rods and cones 95 00:04:51,480 --> 00:04:54,200 that gives them the advantage of seeing in pitch black. 96 00:04:54,280 --> 00:04:57,960 The kitefin's eyes aren't their only deep-sea adaptation. 97 00:04:58,040 --> 00:05:02,320 It is also the largest known shark to exhibit bioluminescence, 98 00:05:02,400 --> 00:05:04,200 which researchers believe it uses 99 00:05:04,280 --> 00:05:06,400 to see on the sea floor while hunting 100 00:05:06,480 --> 00:05:09,400 as a way to blend into the ocean from below. 101 00:05:09,480 --> 00:05:11,480 All right, let's get it back in the water. 102 00:05:12,440 --> 00:05:14,000 As we explore deeper waters, 103 00:05:14,080 --> 00:05:17,640 I'm really hoping we see sharks with even stranger adaptations, 104 00:05:17,720 --> 00:05:21,320 which will teach us so much more about these Jurassic sharks 105 00:05:21,400 --> 00:05:23,440 and help us bring them back to life. 106 00:05:28,440 --> 00:05:29,880 Halfway around the world, 107 00:05:29,960 --> 00:05:31,680 marine biologist Kesley Banks 108 00:05:31,760 --> 00:05:33,920 is searching for extinct super predators 109 00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:35,520 in an unexpected location. 110 00:05:38,200 --> 00:05:42,400 We're in the middle of Texas, about 600 miles from the Gulf. 111 00:05:42,480 --> 00:05:45,760 When people think of Central Texas, this is what they think about. 112 00:05:45,840 --> 00:05:47,560 But what they don't think about 113 00:05:47,640 --> 00:05:50,760 is this was actually the bottom of the ocean at one point. 114 00:05:50,840 --> 00:05:53,880 The land now known as Texas has dramatically changed 115 00:05:53,960 --> 00:05:56,360 over hundreds of millions of years. 116 00:05:57,480 --> 00:05:59,880 Once the Western Interior Seaway, 117 00:05:59,960 --> 00:06:03,480 a body of water that divided the continental US, 118 00:06:03,560 --> 00:06:07,240 Texas has seen multiple eras of oceanic super predators, 119 00:06:07,320 --> 00:06:10,160 some of which left evidence of their existence. 120 00:06:11,120 --> 00:06:13,920 -Hey, Ron. How are you? -Hey, how are you doing? I'm well. 121 00:06:14,000 --> 00:06:16,920 I'm here to meet with my friend Ron. He's a paleontologist. 122 00:06:17,000 --> 00:06:21,560 So if anyone has the answer to what ruled the prehistoric sea, it's him. 123 00:06:21,640 --> 00:06:23,320 Welcome to the Texas perineum. 124 00:06:23,400 --> 00:06:24,600 What we call Texas today, 125 00:06:24,680 --> 00:06:27,000 and pretty much all over the Earth's land masses, 126 00:06:27,080 --> 00:06:28,640 have been slowly shifting around 127 00:06:28,720 --> 00:06:31,680 ever since they first formed over four billion years ago. 128 00:06:32,360 --> 00:06:33,960 All of this sedimentary rock here 129 00:06:34,040 --> 00:06:35,920 would've once been an ancient sea floor. 130 00:06:36,000 --> 00:06:38,120 It was teeming with prehistoric life. 131 00:06:38,200 --> 00:06:42,160 This land is brimming with reminders of the ocean that once was 132 00:06:42,240 --> 00:06:44,720 and all of the amazing creatures that lived in it. 133 00:06:44,800 --> 00:06:47,800 So the water's gone, but the sharks are still here. 134 00:06:47,880 --> 00:06:50,760 The sharks are still here. If you know where to look for 'em. 135 00:06:50,840 --> 00:06:52,200 Over the past few years, 136 00:06:52,280 --> 00:06:55,920 fossilized teeth from over 20 different ancient shark species 137 00:06:56,000 --> 00:06:58,360 have been discovered in Central Texas. 138 00:06:58,440 --> 00:07:02,240 These seem, morphologically, like modern-day sharks. 139 00:07:02,320 --> 00:07:03,960 This one kind of looks like a... 140 00:07:04,040 --> 00:07:07,160 -a very large mako tooth. -I'll take your word for it. 141 00:07:07,240 --> 00:07:10,240 I've not encountered a mako shark before, but I'm sure you have. 142 00:07:10,320 --> 00:07:13,480 I have. Like, I would... If you were to put this in my hand, 143 00:07:13,560 --> 00:07:16,760 in size, you know, that's very similar to a mako tooth. 144 00:07:16,840 --> 00:07:20,360 -Does it actually look like that? -They do. They're very pointed. 145 00:07:20,440 --> 00:07:23,280 That's not a mako, but this one is around... 146 00:07:23,360 --> 00:07:25,080 80 to 90 million years in age. 147 00:07:25,160 --> 00:07:28,880 -And it's from Central Texas. -That's impressive. 148 00:07:28,960 --> 00:07:31,840 We've had a selection of things. Turns out there were a lot. 149 00:07:31,920 --> 00:07:35,040 There's quite a bit of diversity, different kinds of fossil sharks 150 00:07:35,120 --> 00:07:36,800 preserved in these rocks in Texas. 151 00:07:36,880 --> 00:07:39,400 We find them throughout the rocks across this region. 152 00:07:39,480 --> 00:07:42,680 What's neat is all these rocks, they still preserve these remains. 153 00:07:42,760 --> 00:07:47,000 You can go out and dig them up today and find a remarkable diversity. 154 00:07:47,080 --> 00:07:49,560 For instance, we'll even find 155 00:07:49,640 --> 00:07:52,800 some of these rarely preserved bones of the skull. 156 00:07:52,880 --> 00:07:55,920 Unlike a lot of other sharks, they actually mineralized 157 00:07:56,000 --> 00:07:58,560 some of the bones of their skulls and jaws. 158 00:07:58,640 --> 00:08:00,920 Usually shark skeletons are terribly preserved. 159 00:08:01,000 --> 00:08:02,400 You don't usually find them. 160 00:08:02,480 --> 00:08:04,760 -And this is the jaw? -That is a left lower jaw. 161 00:08:04,840 --> 00:08:07,640 -A left lower jaw. -Actually flip it. 162 00:08:09,440 --> 00:08:10,760 There we go. 163 00:08:10,840 --> 00:08:12,440 That's the jaw joint in the back. 164 00:08:12,520 --> 00:08:14,880 -Oh, cool. -Yeah. So there you go. 165 00:08:14,960 --> 00:08:17,080 -Exactly. -Perfect. 166 00:08:17,160 --> 00:08:18,560 One of these fossil sharks... 167 00:08:18,640 --> 00:08:21,360 A lot of these specimens are anywhere from 300 million 168 00:08:21,440 --> 00:08:23,920 to, say, 270 million years in age. 169 00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:25,720 This was a golden age of sharks. 170 00:08:26,440 --> 00:08:27,880 This was a time when sharks 171 00:08:27,960 --> 00:08:30,720 reached their maximum diversity and abundance. 172 00:08:30,800 --> 00:08:33,880 They started adapting to all sorts of different opportunities 173 00:08:33,960 --> 00:08:36,760 and evolving different body structures, new kinds of teeth, 174 00:08:36,840 --> 00:08:39,040 new kinds of swimming, new kinds of tails. 175 00:08:39,120 --> 00:08:42,040 And the most successful designs make it through 176 00:08:42,120 --> 00:08:44,360 and the rest would go extinct. 177 00:08:45,480 --> 00:08:47,320 Using these fossilized teeth, 178 00:08:47,400 --> 00:08:49,960 I'm trying to find the largest and the baddest shark 179 00:08:50,040 --> 00:08:54,280 that ruled the waters of Texas 300 million years ago. 180 00:08:54,360 --> 00:08:58,600 At its time, the largest predatory animal on the planet 181 00:08:58,680 --> 00:09:00,600 would be the Texas super shark. 182 00:09:00,680 --> 00:09:02,880 We're talking about sharks that would be larger 183 00:09:02,960 --> 00:09:05,640 -than the truck you drove in here on. -Oh, my gosh. 184 00:09:05,720 --> 00:09:07,560 Reaching up to 30 feet long, 185 00:09:07,640 --> 00:09:11,520 the Texas super shark was larger than modern-day white sharks. 186 00:09:11,600 --> 00:09:13,640 It was a savage killing machine 187 00:09:13,720 --> 00:09:16,960 that ruled the oceans 300 million years ago. 188 00:09:17,040 --> 00:09:19,120 Discovered in 2015, 189 00:09:19,200 --> 00:09:21,360 it dramatically changed our understanding 190 00:09:21,440 --> 00:09:23,320 of ancient predators of the area. 191 00:09:24,080 --> 00:09:27,480 No-one thought sharks were that large that long ago. 192 00:09:27,560 --> 00:09:29,680 That's roughly a 300-million-year-old fossil. 193 00:09:29,760 --> 00:09:31,760 -Oh, my gosh. -Teeth are very distinctive. 194 00:09:31,840 --> 00:09:34,280 Early shark teeth usually had multiple cusps. 195 00:09:34,360 --> 00:09:36,480 Each one would've been a batch of points 196 00:09:36,560 --> 00:09:38,920 to slam down on and hold slippery prey. 197 00:09:41,920 --> 00:09:43,640 Even with defense mechanisms, 198 00:09:43,720 --> 00:09:46,680 smaller sharks were no match for the super shark. 199 00:09:46,760 --> 00:09:48,760 That thing had a mouthful of needles. 200 00:09:48,840 --> 00:09:52,400 Great for piercing prey, holding it, ripping it to shreds back in the day. 201 00:09:53,960 --> 00:09:57,680 With its four dorsal fins and streamlined body, 202 00:09:57,760 --> 00:10:00,880 the Texas super shark could easily outmaneuver smaller sharks 203 00:10:00,960 --> 00:10:02,400 in the shallows. 204 00:10:03,800 --> 00:10:05,680 And with a set of massive jaws, 205 00:10:05,760 --> 00:10:08,760 it could cut through its prey in a single bite. 206 00:10:11,880 --> 00:10:13,520 The Texas super shark is believed 207 00:10:13,600 --> 00:10:16,560 to have battled the scissor-tooth for prey during its reign, 208 00:10:16,640 --> 00:10:19,160 controlling the shallow feeding grounds. 209 00:10:19,240 --> 00:10:22,280 Predators like the scissor-tooth would have used deeper waters 210 00:10:22,360 --> 00:10:25,920 to avoid large predators like the Texas super shark, 211 00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:29,440 thriving in deep sea canyons like Suruga Bay. 212 00:10:29,520 --> 00:10:31,960 All right, Shigeto, I'm going to turn it on. 213 00:10:32,600 --> 00:10:34,600 -So this will be A. -A. 214 00:10:34,680 --> 00:10:36,760 Austin is preparing to explore the bay 215 00:10:36,840 --> 00:10:38,560 with a deep-sea camera system. 216 00:10:38,640 --> 00:10:40,440 This is a pressurized housing 217 00:10:40,520 --> 00:10:43,000 that allows the camera inside to be protected 218 00:10:43,080 --> 00:10:44,560 while we film at depth. 219 00:10:44,640 --> 00:10:46,360 The amazing thing about Suruga Bay 220 00:10:46,440 --> 00:10:48,760 is that a lot of what's down there is a mystery. 221 00:10:48,840 --> 00:10:51,160 We could really see anything. 222 00:10:51,240 --> 00:10:53,320 This setup is completely untethered, 223 00:10:53,400 --> 00:10:56,520 so when we put it over the side of the boat, that's it. 224 00:10:56,600 --> 00:10:58,760 It will sink to the bottom of the sea floor 225 00:10:58,840 --> 00:11:02,200 and it allows us to access areas that otherwise we wouldn't be able to 226 00:11:02,280 --> 00:11:04,800 and that's gonna be huge for this investigation. 227 00:11:04,880 --> 00:11:08,360 The team is targeting an area in the bay over 2,000 feet deep, 228 00:11:08,440 --> 00:11:11,720 dead center in what researchers call the twilight zone. 229 00:11:11,800 --> 00:11:13,120 And it's good to go. 230 00:11:13,200 --> 00:11:18,480 Twilight zone is a part of the ocean that goes from 600 to 3,000 feet deep 231 00:11:18,560 --> 00:11:20,080 that is completely dark. 232 00:11:20,160 --> 00:11:23,120 This is the zone at which light disappears 233 00:11:23,200 --> 00:11:26,480 and it's also the area that is a hot spot for shark activity. 234 00:11:26,560 --> 00:11:29,520 It's wildly unexplored, but teeming with life. 235 00:11:29,600 --> 00:11:31,640 OK, good, good, good. Nice, Yuuki. 236 00:11:31,720 --> 00:11:33,840 I'm ready to get this camera wet. Let's go. 237 00:11:33,920 --> 00:11:36,680 OK, do it. Two. Three. 238 00:11:38,320 --> 00:11:41,760 All right. All right. Let's go, let's go. 239 00:11:43,000 --> 00:11:45,520 All right, so, we've got the live feed in the water. 240 00:11:45,600 --> 00:11:46,920 I'm really excited to see. 241 00:11:48,560 --> 00:11:51,640 Despite its depth, the camera is able to wirelessly connect 242 00:11:51,720 --> 00:11:53,200 to the monitor on the boat, 243 00:11:53,280 --> 00:11:56,120 giving Austin a front row view of the ocean floor. 244 00:11:56,200 --> 00:11:58,040 All right. 245 00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:02,120 Now almost half a mile deep, 246 00:12:02,200 --> 00:12:04,360 Austin is looking for any indications 247 00:12:04,440 --> 00:12:06,520 of the bay's ancient sea life. 248 00:12:06,600 --> 00:12:09,440 It's pitch black. I'm not seeing much right now. 249 00:12:09,520 --> 00:12:12,400 But it does seem like we have good connectivity. 250 00:12:18,400 --> 00:12:21,800 OK, OK. We've got something coming in here. 251 00:12:23,640 --> 00:12:28,120 That looks like some sort of dogfish. Beautiful specimen. 252 00:12:28,200 --> 00:12:30,960 Dogfish are a relatively smaller group of sharks 253 00:12:31,040 --> 00:12:33,880 that have been around for about a hundred million years. 254 00:12:33,960 --> 00:12:35,880 Dogfish are preyed on by larger sharks. 255 00:12:35,960 --> 00:12:39,160 So seeing one on the camera this early is a really good sign. 256 00:12:43,640 --> 00:12:44,760 Wow. 257 00:12:45,800 --> 00:12:47,720 So, this is amazing. 258 00:12:47,800 --> 00:12:51,600 This is the largest crustacean on planet Earth. 259 00:12:51,680 --> 00:12:53,600 The Japanese spider crab. 260 00:12:53,680 --> 00:12:55,280 This one's huge. 261 00:12:55,360 --> 00:12:58,320 It's actually known to be almost ten feet long 262 00:12:58,400 --> 00:13:01,200 in total arm length when it's kind of spread out. 263 00:13:01,280 --> 00:13:04,680 These are huge. They move a lot over the sea floor. 264 00:13:04,760 --> 00:13:07,640 Kind of like the isopods, scavenging for what prey items 265 00:13:07,720 --> 00:13:10,280 and dead things are kind of on the bottom there. 266 00:13:10,360 --> 00:13:13,640 One of Suruga Bay's most famous deep-sea dwellers, 267 00:13:13,720 --> 00:13:17,760 the Japanese spider crab is known for its massive size. 268 00:13:17,840 --> 00:13:19,640 With its incredibly long legs, 269 00:13:19,720 --> 00:13:22,360 it can reach up to ten feet in length. 270 00:13:24,240 --> 00:13:25,880 Look at those claws. 271 00:13:25,960 --> 00:13:28,640 So, to get that big you have to have a lot of food. 272 00:13:28,720 --> 00:13:31,080 So there's clearly a food source down there 273 00:13:31,160 --> 00:13:33,200 for bigger predators. 274 00:13:38,120 --> 00:13:42,400 The sea floor here is just loaded with life. 275 00:13:42,480 --> 00:13:45,520 I'm starting to get a little bit of an understanding here. 276 00:13:45,600 --> 00:13:48,200 There seems like there's a decent prey base 277 00:13:48,280 --> 00:13:50,560 down at the bottom here, which is really great. 278 00:13:50,640 --> 00:13:52,080 Oh, what's this? 279 00:13:53,240 --> 00:13:55,720 I think we have something huge here. 280 00:13:55,800 --> 00:13:57,400 This is a huge fish. 281 00:13:57,480 --> 00:13:59,760 Whoa, this is crazy. 282 00:14:02,240 --> 00:14:04,440 Yuuki, we've got something big on the camera. 283 00:14:04,520 --> 00:14:06,040 In Suruga Bay, 284 00:14:06,120 --> 00:14:09,000 Dr Austin Gallagher is scanning the sea floor 285 00:14:09,080 --> 00:14:11,480 in search of any evidence of the ancient sharks 286 00:14:11,560 --> 00:14:14,040 that still patrol these waters. 287 00:14:14,120 --> 00:14:17,280 Wow. That's a Yokozuna slickhead. 288 00:14:17,360 --> 00:14:20,960 The Yokozuna slickhead has probably been around for millions of years, 289 00:14:21,040 --> 00:14:23,760 but only discovered a few years ago. 290 00:14:23,840 --> 00:14:26,640 It is so wild to me that we're still discovering 291 00:14:26,720 --> 00:14:29,320 all these large predators today. 292 00:14:29,400 --> 00:14:31,000 Named for the highest rank 293 00:14:31,080 --> 00:14:33,480 a Japanese sumo wrestler can achieve, 294 00:14:33,560 --> 00:14:37,640 the Yokozuna slickhead is ten feet long with large blue eyes 295 00:14:37,720 --> 00:14:40,280 that allow it to hunt at depth in low light. 296 00:14:40,360 --> 00:14:41,720 -Wow. -Wow. 297 00:14:43,960 --> 00:14:46,320 Oh, my. That's awesome. 298 00:14:46,400 --> 00:14:49,240 -They scare the other fish away. -They know it's a predator. 299 00:14:49,320 --> 00:14:51,160 But its most striking feature 300 00:14:51,240 --> 00:14:53,880 is its heavily ossified reinforced skull, 301 00:14:53,960 --> 00:14:57,120 making it almost impenetrable. 302 00:14:57,200 --> 00:14:59,760 It looks very ancient. It almost looks like... 303 00:14:59,840 --> 00:15:01,360 -like a dinosaur. -Yeah. 304 00:15:01,440 --> 00:15:05,520 Looking at the body plan of this species, it is ancient 305 00:15:05,600 --> 00:15:08,600 and it reminds me of prehistoric monster fish. 306 00:15:08,680 --> 00:15:12,160 The beast is similar to the ocean's first apex predator, 307 00:15:12,240 --> 00:15:14,880 swimming 400 million years ago. 308 00:15:14,960 --> 00:15:17,960 The Dunkleosteus, also known as the Dunk, 309 00:15:18,040 --> 00:15:20,000 was the stuff of nightmares. 310 00:15:20,080 --> 00:15:23,640 It was the top predator. These things were 30 feet in length, 311 00:15:23,720 --> 00:15:27,520 notable for having armor plates over the head and parts of the body. 312 00:15:27,600 --> 00:15:31,040 Besides its armored head, the Dunk had sharp plates for teeth 313 00:15:31,120 --> 00:15:33,520 that could easily crunch through bone. 314 00:15:33,600 --> 00:15:34,920 Instead of true teeth, 315 00:15:35,000 --> 00:15:40,600 their jaws actually formed large sheering scissoring blades 316 00:15:40,680 --> 00:15:44,000 to slice and dice their prey. 317 00:15:44,080 --> 00:15:45,640 Everything was on the menu. 318 00:15:46,280 --> 00:15:49,200 Doing this type of research when Dunkleosteus was in the water 319 00:15:49,280 --> 00:15:51,520 would have been a very different situation. 320 00:15:52,760 --> 00:15:55,520 Fishermen certainly would have had a different experience. 321 00:16:02,000 --> 00:16:03,720 If alive today, 322 00:16:03,800 --> 00:16:07,160 the Dunk's teeth would easily be able to snap through metal. 323 00:16:08,560 --> 00:16:11,280 And with its immense size and strength, 324 00:16:11,360 --> 00:16:15,200 it would have the power to take down ships. 325 00:16:18,840 --> 00:16:20,600 After the Dunk's extinction, 326 00:16:20,680 --> 00:16:24,280 the Texas super shark became the ocean's top predator. 327 00:16:25,120 --> 00:16:26,960 And once this behemoth went extinct, 328 00:16:27,040 --> 00:16:28,520 its disappearance allowed 329 00:16:28,600 --> 00:16:31,200 for a new breed of super sharks to evolve. 330 00:16:34,120 --> 00:16:37,240 Back in Texas, marine biologist Kesley Banks 331 00:16:37,320 --> 00:16:41,200 and paleontologist Ron Tykoski are searching the dig site 332 00:16:41,280 --> 00:16:43,760 for remains of another prehistoric predator 333 00:16:43,840 --> 00:16:45,960 that could have been even more ferocious. 334 00:16:46,040 --> 00:16:48,000 -Hey, Chris. How's it going? -Hey, guys. 335 00:16:48,080 --> 00:16:49,480 -How are you? -How are you? 336 00:16:49,560 --> 00:16:52,160 Good to have you. Glad you could come see our bone dig. 337 00:16:52,240 --> 00:16:53,640 -Yeah. -Absolutely. Amazing. 338 00:16:53,720 --> 00:16:57,280 You guys are standing in one of the best bone beds in the entire world. 339 00:16:57,360 --> 00:16:59,240 We've got a site that's full of sharks. 340 00:16:59,320 --> 00:17:02,120 This fossil bed may hold tooth remains of a predator 341 00:17:02,200 --> 00:17:05,760 that rose to dominance after the Texas super shark. 342 00:17:05,840 --> 00:17:09,280 One of the most exciting things about this fossil bed 343 00:17:09,360 --> 00:17:11,320 is the ecosystem is so well preserved 344 00:17:11,400 --> 00:17:15,480 that we actually do see lots of bits and pieces of sharks. 345 00:17:15,560 --> 00:17:18,760 And so we see things like the Orthacanthus teeth, 346 00:17:18,840 --> 00:17:22,080 and the head spines, so the venomous spines. 347 00:17:22,160 --> 00:17:24,200 A small eel-like shark, 348 00:17:24,280 --> 00:17:27,920 the Orthacanthus swam through both fresh and saltwater, 349 00:17:28,000 --> 00:17:30,640 feeding on crustaceans with its barbed teeth 350 00:17:30,720 --> 00:17:34,440 while using its poisonous head spine to fend off predators. 351 00:17:34,520 --> 00:17:38,360 If you were a bigger shark and you came and bit down on this one's head, 352 00:17:38,440 --> 00:17:42,760 you got a spine in the roof of the mouth that probably hurt a lot. 353 00:17:42,840 --> 00:17:44,520 Look at the barbs on that thing. 354 00:17:44,600 --> 00:17:48,000 So, for this species, this head spine would get up to about 12 inches. 355 00:17:48,080 --> 00:17:49,400 I'm sure if you look around 356 00:17:49,480 --> 00:17:52,000 you'll start seeing more and more of these things. 357 00:17:52,080 --> 00:17:55,040 So, here's some brushes for you guys and a pick 358 00:17:55,120 --> 00:17:57,680 -and we're going to walk up the hill. -All right. 359 00:17:57,760 --> 00:17:59,880 We're going to look at this dead shark zone 360 00:17:59,960 --> 00:18:03,360 because that's where the sharks are gonna be getting bigger and bigger. 361 00:18:03,440 --> 00:18:06,640 This area is home to so many ancient shark species. 362 00:18:06,720 --> 00:18:09,480 I'm hoping to find evidence of these giant super predators 363 00:18:09,560 --> 00:18:11,960 to find out who really ruled the prehistoric seas. 364 00:18:12,040 --> 00:18:14,600 This is how high-tech fossil prospecting is. 365 00:18:14,680 --> 00:18:17,520 You keep your eye to the ground. Nothing terribly high-tech. 366 00:18:17,600 --> 00:18:20,560 Looking for bits and pieces of bone 367 00:18:20,640 --> 00:18:23,400 and things that are eroding out, like that. 368 00:18:23,480 --> 00:18:25,640 And you just keep your eyes open 369 00:18:25,720 --> 00:18:28,800 for things that Mother Nature has already exposed. 370 00:18:30,880 --> 00:18:33,960 Right now we're just looking to see if something has started 371 00:18:34,040 --> 00:18:36,920 to kind of poke through this top layer of sediment. 372 00:18:42,320 --> 00:18:44,440 Hey, Ron, Chris. 373 00:18:44,520 --> 00:18:46,320 -Yep? -Might have something. 374 00:18:46,400 --> 00:18:48,120 What you got? 375 00:18:48,200 --> 00:18:49,520 I'm not sure. 376 00:18:50,360 --> 00:18:53,240 But it doesn't look like the rocks that are around it. 377 00:18:54,440 --> 00:18:57,560 Something's eroding out there. Start digging it up. 378 00:19:00,640 --> 00:19:03,440 -That's a big tooth. -That is a big whopping tooth. 379 00:19:03,520 --> 00:19:04,520 Wow. 380 00:19:05,680 --> 00:19:08,720 -So, it's definitely a shark tooth. -That is a huge shark tooth. 381 00:19:08,800 --> 00:19:11,200 -How big are we talking? -That's a monster tooth. 382 00:19:11,280 --> 00:19:13,200 That's from a 30 to 50-foot shark. 383 00:19:13,280 --> 00:19:15,440 That looks like distant relatives 384 00:19:15,520 --> 00:19:17,520 -of a modern-day great white. -Oh, my gosh. 385 00:19:17,600 --> 00:19:20,200 80 to 90-million-year-old Cretoxyrhina. 386 00:19:20,280 --> 00:19:22,560 -The Ginsu shark. -That's awesome. 387 00:19:23,640 --> 00:19:25,720 100 million years ago, 388 00:19:25,800 --> 00:19:30,080 the Ginsu shark, nicknamed for its knife-like teeth, 389 00:19:30,160 --> 00:19:33,480 was one of the most formidable predators to ever swim the oceans. 390 00:19:33,560 --> 00:19:37,320 Cretoxyrhina lived in the age of big marine lizards called mosasaurs. 391 00:19:37,400 --> 00:19:42,520 The mosasaur, a prehistoric reptile with the body of a crocodile, 392 00:19:42,600 --> 00:19:44,600 clashed for prey with the Ginsu. 393 00:19:44,680 --> 00:19:48,280 We actually do have specimens of mosasaurs with bite marks on them 394 00:19:48,360 --> 00:19:49,920 left behind by Cretoxyrhina. 395 00:19:54,440 --> 00:19:58,560 Absolutely incredible to find an 80 to 90-million-year-old shark 396 00:19:58,640 --> 00:20:00,400 this far away from the ocean. 397 00:20:01,400 --> 00:20:05,480 If this shark was alive today, it would decimate the Gulf Coast. 398 00:20:05,560 --> 00:20:09,280 Imagine something that big hunting in shallow water. 399 00:20:10,720 --> 00:20:12,040 Although it was enormous, 400 00:20:12,120 --> 00:20:15,560 the Ginsu predominately hunted in the shallow coast. 401 00:20:19,920 --> 00:20:24,120 Using both its size and speed, it preyed on smaller sharks... 402 00:20:26,440 --> 00:20:28,560 ...devouring them in a single bite. 403 00:20:32,800 --> 00:20:34,800 As the seaway over Texas shrank, 404 00:20:34,880 --> 00:20:37,520 the Ginsu struggled to survive in a new environment. 405 00:20:37,600 --> 00:20:40,760 But one of its prey, the sixgill shark, 406 00:20:40,840 --> 00:20:44,760 survived by taking refuge deep in the newly formed Caribbean Sea. 407 00:20:44,840 --> 00:20:47,320 -Safety check. -Safety check. 408 00:20:47,400 --> 00:20:49,920 Recently, a team of marine biologists 409 00:20:50,000 --> 00:20:51,920 launched an investigation there 410 00:20:52,000 --> 00:20:55,560 in a 2,000-foot abyss dubbed the Tongue of the Ocean. 411 00:20:55,640 --> 00:20:59,040 The favorite hunting ground of these living fossils. 412 00:20:59,120 --> 00:21:02,520 The sixgill sharks are huge predators in the deep ocean, 413 00:21:02,600 --> 00:21:05,360 getting sizes up to 14, 15 feet long. 414 00:21:05,440 --> 00:21:08,240 Got just rows of these saw blades. 415 00:21:08,320 --> 00:21:10,440 They actually carve out chunks of flesh. 416 00:21:12,800 --> 00:21:16,000 It's like seeing a dinosaur 'cause they swam around the same time 417 00:21:16,080 --> 00:21:19,800 and they haven't changed much in a few hundred million years. 418 00:21:19,880 --> 00:21:22,960 There's so little that's known about these prehistoric sharks 419 00:21:23,040 --> 00:21:25,520 because they live so deep in the ocean. 420 00:21:26,920 --> 00:21:29,000 -Here we go. -Most people, when we told them 421 00:21:29,080 --> 00:21:31,440 we were gonna try to tag a shark from a submarine, 422 00:21:31,520 --> 00:21:34,080 -thought we were completely nuts. - Good to launch. 423 00:21:34,160 --> 00:21:38,120 No one has ever tagged a sixgill or any other shark at this depth. 424 00:21:38,200 --> 00:21:41,160 Doing so could dramatically change shark research 425 00:21:41,240 --> 00:21:44,960 and allow scientists to see how these prehistoric predators thrived 426 00:21:45,040 --> 00:21:48,320 and staved off extinction through migration. 427 00:21:49,280 --> 00:21:51,120 - Good to launch. -Roger that. 428 00:22:00,480 --> 00:22:04,240 With Dr Gavin Naylor at the helm, the crew is heading into the depths. 429 00:22:16,040 --> 00:22:17,920 I can see it. 430 00:22:20,520 --> 00:22:22,800 It looks like a little crinoid. 431 00:22:29,320 --> 00:22:31,000 I am really excited. 432 00:22:31,080 --> 00:22:32,680 I'm a little bit apprehensive 433 00:22:32,760 --> 00:22:35,200 because I realize that I'm going down to depth 434 00:22:35,280 --> 00:22:38,120 to see a 16-foot mysterious animal. 435 00:22:39,160 --> 00:22:42,560 Between 200 and 1,000 meters deep or so, 436 00:22:42,640 --> 00:22:46,400 the dominant large predatory shark is a bluntnose sixgill shark. 437 00:22:47,400 --> 00:22:50,400 They're enormous. Their jaws open really wide. 438 00:22:50,480 --> 00:22:52,960 Their teeth are huge saws, basically. 439 00:22:53,040 --> 00:22:56,280 They're a pretty formidable predator in their environment. 440 00:23:11,280 --> 00:23:15,840 Control, control, we're at one-zero-zero meters, descending on. 441 00:23:20,800 --> 00:23:22,760 Wow, this is pretty magical. 442 00:23:22,840 --> 00:23:25,600 Control on bottom, five-two-four meters. 443 00:23:26,600 --> 00:23:28,920 That looks like a steep cliff, like a ridge. 444 00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:30,480 It is a ridge. 445 00:23:30,560 --> 00:23:32,680 1,700 feet beneath the surface, 446 00:23:32,760 --> 00:23:35,120 they reach the edge of an ancient abyss. 447 00:23:35,200 --> 00:23:37,760 -How about here? -I think that looks perfect. 448 00:23:39,960 --> 00:23:43,520 -All right. Lights out? -Yeah. 449 00:23:43,600 --> 00:23:45,160 Now in position, 450 00:23:45,240 --> 00:23:48,280 the team turns off the lights, trying to remain hidden 451 00:23:48,360 --> 00:23:51,880 from the prehistoric predators that patrol the ledge. 452 00:23:51,960 --> 00:23:54,720 So, it'd be pretty funny if we get a sixgill 453 00:23:54,800 --> 00:23:58,160 -and it pushes us off the cliff. -Right. 454 00:24:00,760 --> 00:24:04,320 I think something's down here. What is that? 455 00:24:05,040 --> 00:24:06,720 -Oh, here we go. Shark. -Here we go. 456 00:24:11,080 --> 00:24:12,720 And there's a grouper. 457 00:24:12,800 --> 00:24:14,800 Should I try turning on some other lights? 458 00:24:14,880 --> 00:24:17,120 -Yeah, yeah. -Whoa, that's a big grouper. 459 00:24:17,200 --> 00:24:20,600 Goliath groupers can weigh in at up to 800 pounds, 460 00:24:20,680 --> 00:24:23,800 with a lineage that dates back millions of years. 461 00:24:34,840 --> 00:24:36,920 Oh. Whoa, what was that? 462 00:24:38,040 --> 00:24:39,680 -He's right here. -Oh, he's here? 463 00:24:39,760 --> 00:24:42,000 He's right here. You should be able to see him. 464 00:24:42,080 --> 00:24:44,080 -We should be able to see him. -OK. 465 00:24:44,160 --> 00:24:46,680 -We are armed for gun one. -OK. 466 00:24:46,760 --> 00:24:49,880 Oh, here we go. A sixgill. OK, OK, OK. 467 00:24:49,960 --> 00:24:52,960 -Some white light? -Yes, white light now. OK. 468 00:24:53,040 --> 00:24:54,880 ----. 469 00:24:55,960 --> 00:24:59,600 -Wow, look at that. -I'm not gonna shoot yet. Shall I...? 470 00:24:59,680 --> 00:25:01,720 No, no. That's a gill. That's a gill shot. 471 00:25:01,800 --> 00:25:04,680 No, no, he's... Belly shot. Look at the size of that thing. 472 00:25:07,040 --> 00:25:11,000 -Oh, my God. -It's huge. This thing is a monster. 473 00:25:11,080 --> 00:25:15,520 Reaching up to 18 feet in length and 1,300 pounds... 474 00:25:15,600 --> 00:25:16,680 Wow! 475 00:25:16,760 --> 00:25:20,280 ...the sixgill is a massive voracious predator... 476 00:25:21,320 --> 00:25:24,640 ...feeding on just about anything it comes across. 477 00:25:24,720 --> 00:25:26,800 Oh, my goodness. 478 00:25:26,880 --> 00:25:29,920 Doesn't have any claspers at the base. It's a female! 479 00:25:31,360 --> 00:25:34,520 She's coming back at us. She's interested in the sub. 480 00:25:36,800 --> 00:25:39,800 Bumping the sub. Look at the eye. 481 00:25:41,080 --> 00:25:42,960 -She's pushing the sub. -The whole sub. 482 00:25:50,200 --> 00:25:51,960 Where did she go? 483 00:25:52,040 --> 00:25:53,840 Oh, look. Here she is. Here she is. 484 00:25:56,680 --> 00:25:58,200 She's pushing the whole sub. 485 00:25:58,280 --> 00:26:00,440 She's gonna knock us off the damn cliff. 486 00:26:02,520 --> 00:26:04,280 Look at it. 487 00:26:05,520 --> 00:26:09,120 The head is three feet wide. That is an enormous animal. 488 00:26:09,880 --> 00:26:12,080 Look at the width of that thing. 489 00:26:12,160 --> 00:26:14,760 That's bigger than most white sharks. 490 00:26:14,840 --> 00:26:16,360 It's bigger than this sub. 491 00:26:27,080 --> 00:26:28,920 Oh, look, look, look, look, look. 492 00:26:29,000 --> 00:26:32,640 Oh, my goodness. We've got a visitor. 493 00:26:33,640 --> 00:26:35,240 This is not the same one. 494 00:26:35,320 --> 00:26:37,600 I think that light might be scaring her away. 495 00:26:37,680 --> 00:26:41,120 -You want me to turn it off? -Yeah, yeah, switch it off. 496 00:26:41,200 --> 00:26:42,680 -OK. Are we armed? -Still armed. 497 00:26:42,760 --> 00:26:44,200 -You are armed. -OK, great. OK. 498 00:26:44,280 --> 00:26:48,040 A second, smaller sixgill is slowly approaching the sub. 499 00:26:48,120 --> 00:26:51,120 I'm not going to take a shot until I'm absolutely sure. 500 00:26:51,200 --> 00:26:53,200 -Can we get some lights on? -Lasers. 501 00:26:53,280 --> 00:26:55,760 -OK. Perfect. -Dome light first. 502 00:26:55,840 --> 00:26:58,040 OK, nice. 503 00:26:59,040 --> 00:27:00,480 Do you want the main lights? 504 00:27:00,560 --> 00:27:02,760 No, no. It's good. It's good. Yeah, it's good. 505 00:27:07,920 --> 00:27:10,120 OK, not yet. Not yet. 506 00:27:10,200 --> 00:27:12,080 Too close to the head. I can't do that. 507 00:27:12,960 --> 00:27:17,120 This is... male. Come on. 508 00:27:18,400 --> 00:27:19,920 OK. 509 00:27:24,400 --> 00:27:25,720 You got him. 510 00:27:27,960 --> 00:27:29,720 Aim is right. 511 00:27:31,960 --> 00:27:33,280 Good draw. 512 00:27:33,360 --> 00:27:37,320 Tag went into a large male. 513 00:27:37,400 --> 00:27:39,000 Roger. 514 00:27:41,720 --> 00:27:43,640 He's obviously got the hell out of here 515 00:27:43,720 --> 00:27:46,000 'cause that was not what he was expecting. 516 00:27:46,080 --> 00:27:49,400 Nice job not hesitating there, Gavin. 517 00:27:49,480 --> 00:27:51,120 That's the money shot. 518 00:27:51,200 --> 00:27:53,840 Being able to tag a sixgill shark at depth 519 00:27:53,920 --> 00:27:56,240 is a really big achievement for science. 520 00:27:56,320 --> 00:27:59,000 It gives us the chance to study them without disturbing. 521 00:27:59,080 --> 00:28:00,600 Look at the size of that thing. 522 00:28:00,680 --> 00:28:02,080 Tagging helps us understand 523 00:28:02,160 --> 00:28:04,640 the behavior and the ecology of shark species. 524 00:28:04,720 --> 00:28:06,560 Where they go, what depths they prefer, 525 00:28:06,640 --> 00:28:09,120 and what their migrations look like during the year. 526 00:28:09,200 --> 00:28:12,200 This gives us insights into how prehistoric sharks 527 00:28:12,280 --> 00:28:14,440 may have survived while others did not. 528 00:28:14,520 --> 00:28:17,640 While the sixgills' migration away from the ancient Texas sea 529 00:28:17,720 --> 00:28:19,440 helped it survive, 530 00:28:19,520 --> 00:28:22,760 the surviving prehistoric sharks of Suruga Bay 531 00:28:22,840 --> 00:28:26,480 relied on the deep sea trenches to stave off extinction. 532 00:28:26,560 --> 00:28:28,240 I believe that here in Suruga Bay 533 00:28:28,320 --> 00:28:30,440 there are more prehistoric sharks to uncover 534 00:28:30,520 --> 00:28:33,880 that can teach us about apex predators that once lived here. 535 00:28:34,480 --> 00:28:37,760 Austin and his team are searching for the living fossil sharks 536 00:28:37,840 --> 00:28:40,840 that can help paint a picture of the extinct super predators 537 00:28:40,920 --> 00:28:42,760 that once swam here. 538 00:28:42,840 --> 00:28:44,400 Yeah, that's good. 539 00:28:44,480 --> 00:28:45,920 First drop we learned a lot. 540 00:28:46,000 --> 00:28:48,880 We had a great view of the Yokozuna slickhead, 541 00:28:48,960 --> 00:28:51,800 one of the rarest and oldest fish in the bay. 542 00:28:51,880 --> 00:28:53,000 -Wow. -Wow. 543 00:28:53,080 --> 00:28:54,960 Now we're going deeper to try and find 544 00:28:55,040 --> 00:28:57,640 some of the bay's weirdest and craziest sharks. 545 00:28:57,720 --> 00:29:01,040 Sharks that were prey to some of the biggest Jurassic sharks. 546 00:29:01,120 --> 00:29:04,200 Just like the scissor-tooth and the buzzsaw shark, 547 00:29:04,280 --> 00:29:07,600 two of the wildest and deadliest sharks to ever live, 548 00:29:07,680 --> 00:29:11,120 both of which Austin believes prowled Suruga Bay. 549 00:29:12,200 --> 00:29:14,640 If we can find evidence of these living fossils, 550 00:29:14,720 --> 00:29:16,840 we know that they hunted in the area. 551 00:29:16,920 --> 00:29:19,480 We are rigged up for this second location. 552 00:29:19,560 --> 00:29:21,360 Yeah, this is nice construction. 553 00:29:21,440 --> 00:29:25,200 Put a lot of bait on there. Ready to go explore this new environment. 554 00:29:25,280 --> 00:29:28,720 We're gonna go a little bit deeper. Around 3,000 feet. 555 00:29:28,800 --> 00:29:31,080 Second drop is going to be an area 556 00:29:31,160 --> 00:29:34,080 where particles and dead organic materials sink 557 00:29:34,160 --> 00:29:37,440 and that creates more habitat for consumers, scavengers, 558 00:29:37,520 --> 00:29:39,360 and, of course, big sharks. 559 00:29:39,440 --> 00:29:41,240 Layered with organic debris, 560 00:29:41,320 --> 00:29:44,120 the deeper drop location is a deep-sea graveyard, 561 00:29:44,200 --> 00:29:48,080 home to the remains of ancient sharks long extinct. 562 00:29:48,160 --> 00:29:50,960 But the decomposed material creates a feeding ground 563 00:29:51,040 --> 00:29:53,880 for some of the largest and strangest sharks in the area 564 00:29:53,960 --> 00:29:55,560 that have survived. 565 00:29:56,560 --> 00:29:58,080 I'm very excited. 566 00:29:58,160 --> 00:30:01,400 -Hopefully we get big monster sharks. -Yes. 567 00:30:01,480 --> 00:30:04,720 So, let's get this loaded and let's put it in. 568 00:30:10,120 --> 00:30:11,920 Good. Good. 569 00:30:12,000 --> 00:30:14,240 One, two, three. 570 00:30:18,240 --> 00:30:20,360 All right, guys. Good job, everybody. 571 00:30:20,440 --> 00:30:22,520 That was great. Thank you, guys. Thank you. 572 00:30:34,240 --> 00:30:36,520 All right. The feed is still working. 573 00:30:36,600 --> 00:30:39,640 That's good because we are considerably deeper here. 574 00:30:40,760 --> 00:30:42,960 Perfect view of the sea floor here. 575 00:30:43,040 --> 00:30:45,840 It's pitch black. Not seeing much right now. 576 00:30:47,640 --> 00:30:50,840 Hold on a second. Is that what I think it is? 577 00:30:52,840 --> 00:30:55,240 Wow. I've never seen one of these before. 578 00:30:55,880 --> 00:30:59,920 This is a chimaera, also known as a ghost shark. 579 00:31:00,000 --> 00:31:03,520 The ghost shark is actually the most ancient vertebrate 580 00:31:03,600 --> 00:31:05,560 that exists today on the planet. 581 00:31:05,640 --> 00:31:07,720 Living deep beneath the surface, 582 00:31:07,800 --> 00:31:11,080 the ghost shark evolved 400 million years ago. 583 00:31:11,160 --> 00:31:13,920 Nothing else like it exists in the waters today. 584 00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:18,120 With more of a shark-like front but a tail resembling a fish's, 585 00:31:18,200 --> 00:31:21,160 it provides a snapshot into prehistoric evolution. 586 00:31:21,240 --> 00:31:24,000 It's really interesting because, also known as a chimaera, 587 00:31:24,080 --> 00:31:26,520 which is sort of this hybrid, you know, amalgamation 588 00:31:26,600 --> 00:31:28,680 of a lot of different species. 589 00:31:28,760 --> 00:31:32,120 Ghost sharks are really rare, which is why they earn this name. 590 00:31:32,200 --> 00:31:35,200 So to be able to see a ghost shark here in Suruga Bay 591 00:31:35,280 --> 00:31:38,800 would prove that this area was an ancient battleground. 592 00:31:39,640 --> 00:31:42,320 From Greek mythology, the chimaera is a monster 593 00:31:42,400 --> 00:31:45,640 with a lion's head, goat's body, and a serpent's tail. 594 00:31:45,720 --> 00:31:49,000 A patchwork creature just like the ghost shark. 595 00:31:49,080 --> 00:31:51,600 If you look at its body, it's totally wild. 596 00:31:51,680 --> 00:31:56,160 It has wings for pectoral fins and it can have a really long tail 597 00:31:56,240 --> 00:31:58,960 and a transparent-like body. 598 00:31:59,040 --> 00:32:02,720 And it's called a ghost shark because it almost disappears 599 00:32:02,800 --> 00:32:04,360 from the fossil record. 600 00:32:04,440 --> 00:32:07,280 To be able to see a ghost shark here, incredible. 601 00:32:07,360 --> 00:32:10,000 One of the most ancient creatures to ever exist. 602 00:32:10,080 --> 00:32:12,600 3,000 feet below us right now. 603 00:32:12,680 --> 00:32:16,120 Somehow these animals have continued to persist. 604 00:32:16,200 --> 00:32:17,520 It's just so cool. 605 00:32:17,600 --> 00:32:19,080 When you see the ghost shark, 606 00:32:19,160 --> 00:32:21,120 you wonder, how did this thing survive? 607 00:32:21,200 --> 00:32:22,920 It's relatively small 608 00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:25,240 and it can fit into a lot of different crevices 609 00:32:25,320 --> 00:32:28,560 and canyons in the deep ocean and hide from larger predators. 610 00:32:28,640 --> 00:32:31,440 But when that species emerges, you get this incredible view 611 00:32:31,520 --> 00:32:34,360 of what life looked like hundreds of millions of years ago. 612 00:32:34,440 --> 00:32:37,840 And it was swimming with some of the wildest Jurassic sharks. 613 00:32:37,920 --> 00:32:40,000 Sharks like the scissor-tooth shark. 614 00:32:41,760 --> 00:32:44,200 The scissor-tooth shark had a conveyor belt 615 00:32:44,280 --> 00:32:48,400 with two rows of teeth that it would use to hunt prey at high speeds. 616 00:32:55,280 --> 00:32:58,440 There's still more to uncover in the mysterious abyss, 617 00:32:58,520 --> 00:33:02,160 as a large shadow emerges from the depths. 618 00:33:02,240 --> 00:33:05,840 Oh, that's... What's that? That's huge. That's really big. 619 00:33:10,880 --> 00:33:13,560 -It hit the camera. -Oh, my God. 620 00:33:13,640 --> 00:33:15,480 Wow, that is insane. 621 00:33:17,800 --> 00:33:20,560 -Wow. -Wow. 622 00:33:20,640 --> 00:33:22,880 OK. This is crazy. Whoa. 623 00:33:25,520 --> 00:33:28,760 -Look at that mouth. That's awesome. -It tried to eat camera system. 624 00:33:28,840 --> 00:33:31,320 -Yeah. -It's a monster. Real monster. 625 00:33:31,400 --> 00:33:32,960 -It's huge. -Yes. 626 00:33:33,040 --> 00:33:36,320 -So, it must be a sleeper shark. -Yeah. Pacific sleeper shark. 627 00:33:36,400 --> 00:33:38,760 They are really monster. 628 00:33:38,840 --> 00:33:41,000 Huge monstrous shark. 629 00:33:41,080 --> 00:33:42,640 Look at those teeth. 630 00:33:42,720 --> 00:33:44,960 Sleeper sharks are unreal. 631 00:33:45,040 --> 00:33:48,640 They are one of the largest predators in the deep ocean. 632 00:33:48,720 --> 00:33:50,560 They are voracious predators 633 00:33:50,640 --> 00:33:53,160 and they're known to eat pretty much anything. 634 00:33:53,920 --> 00:33:56,920 Wow. It has this massive wound right on the belly. 635 00:33:57,000 --> 00:33:58,920 -Some sharks? -Something really big. 636 00:33:59,000 --> 00:34:00,520 That bite is huge. 637 00:34:00,600 --> 00:34:03,240 Probably came from another shark. Maybe another sleeper. 638 00:34:03,320 --> 00:34:06,440 You can see on the wound the shape of the jaw. 639 00:34:06,520 --> 00:34:10,680 Another species clearly attempted to eat and kill this sleeper shark, 640 00:34:10,760 --> 00:34:12,080 and it was unsuccessful. 641 00:34:12,160 --> 00:34:15,600 This one clearly came out on top or just got away. 642 00:34:16,560 --> 00:34:18,560 But Austin is still hoping to uncover 643 00:34:18,640 --> 00:34:20,800 some of the strangest sharks of the bay. 644 00:34:20,880 --> 00:34:22,680 So, the feed is still running. 645 00:34:22,760 --> 00:34:25,360 I see the bait. It's a little bit murky. 646 00:34:26,000 --> 00:34:28,320 OK, I see some shadows in the back. 647 00:34:29,240 --> 00:34:31,080 OK, I see a big shape moving by. 648 00:34:32,680 --> 00:34:34,880 OK, OK. We've got something coming in here. 649 00:34:34,960 --> 00:34:36,960 What is this? It's long. 650 00:34:37,720 --> 00:34:39,080 What is that? 651 00:34:40,760 --> 00:34:44,400 Oh, my God. That's amazing. This is a frilled shark. 652 00:34:44,480 --> 00:34:48,480 And that is as close to a Jurassic type shark 653 00:34:48,560 --> 00:34:49,960 that we're gonna get. 654 00:34:50,040 --> 00:34:51,920 A true alien shark of the deep. 655 00:34:52,000 --> 00:34:55,600 The frilled shark has a six-foot-long eel-like body 656 00:34:55,680 --> 00:34:58,440 and gets its name from its ruffled gill slits. 657 00:34:58,520 --> 00:35:00,800 And because it lives so deep in the ocean, 658 00:35:00,880 --> 00:35:03,840 it's very rarely seen by humans. 659 00:35:03,920 --> 00:35:06,640 Seeing a frilled shark is a highlight of this expedition. 660 00:35:06,720 --> 00:35:09,440 There's probably less than 100 people on the planet 661 00:35:09,520 --> 00:35:12,120 that have seen a frilled shark, so this is a huge find. 662 00:35:12,200 --> 00:35:15,040 Wow. And the mouth is just unbelievable. 663 00:35:15,960 --> 00:35:19,200 The frilled shark has rows of trident-shaped teeth 664 00:35:19,280 --> 00:35:23,360 not inside the mouth but on the outside of its jaw. 665 00:35:23,440 --> 00:35:25,880 A trait it shares with the scissor-tooth 666 00:35:25,960 --> 00:35:29,320 and its distant cousin the buzzsaw shark. 667 00:35:29,400 --> 00:35:33,400 Perhaps the weirdest shark in the ocean, ever. 668 00:35:33,480 --> 00:35:36,760 The buzzsaw had a bizarre jaw adaptation. 669 00:35:39,840 --> 00:35:42,240 Its lower jaw was a circular tooth whirl. 670 00:35:43,360 --> 00:35:46,240 So when it would open its jaws, it would bite something, 671 00:35:46,320 --> 00:35:48,840 pull it into its mouth, and slice and dice it. 672 00:35:49,920 --> 00:35:51,400 Talk about nightmare fuel. 673 00:35:53,960 --> 00:35:56,280 But when facing off against the scissor-tooth, 674 00:35:56,360 --> 00:35:58,000 only one could come out on top. 675 00:35:58,080 --> 00:36:00,400 The buzzsaw shark and the scissor-tooth 676 00:36:00,480 --> 00:36:02,120 were both swimming together 677 00:36:02,200 --> 00:36:04,120 when evolution was trying to figure out 678 00:36:04,200 --> 00:36:07,600 which adaptations would be needed to make a true super shark. 679 00:36:09,280 --> 00:36:12,560 Two 25-foot apex predators. 680 00:36:12,640 --> 00:36:16,240 The buzzsaw's tooth whirl could cause serious damage. 681 00:36:17,280 --> 00:36:20,200 But it wouldn't come close to the two rows of teeth 682 00:36:20,280 --> 00:36:23,360 the scissor-tooth used to eviscerate its prey. 683 00:36:27,000 --> 00:36:28,480 So, this looks like an animal 684 00:36:28,560 --> 00:36:30,560 that shouldn't exist on planet Earth today. 685 00:36:30,640 --> 00:36:34,520 But here in the deep waters of Suruga Bay, we have them. 686 00:36:34,600 --> 00:36:38,120 This proves that Suruga Bay was an ancient battleground 687 00:36:38,200 --> 00:36:40,200 for these large Jurassic sharks, 688 00:36:40,280 --> 00:36:41,800 dominated by the scissor-tooth. 689 00:36:43,040 --> 00:36:45,320 But even the apex predators of Suruga Bay 690 00:36:45,400 --> 00:36:46,840 would have been no match 691 00:36:46,920 --> 00:36:49,720 for the largest super shark to ever live. 692 00:36:54,040 --> 00:36:57,640 Back in Texas, Kesley is headed from land to the seas 693 00:36:57,720 --> 00:37:00,240 to hunt for evidence of the megalodon. 694 00:37:01,280 --> 00:37:03,760 Finding ancient sharks in the middle of Texas, 695 00:37:03,840 --> 00:37:07,360 where there's no modern-day ocean, was so incredible. 696 00:37:07,440 --> 00:37:10,640 But I've heard evidence of megalodon remains here in the Gulf. 697 00:37:10,720 --> 00:37:13,880 And I'm here to see if they actually terrorized these waters. 698 00:37:16,240 --> 00:37:19,680 The most famous monster prehistoric shark, the meg, 699 00:37:19,760 --> 00:37:22,480 was a coastal predator who terrorized the Gulf 700 00:37:22,560 --> 00:37:24,760 20 million years ago. 701 00:37:24,840 --> 00:37:26,200 Bigger than a school bus, 702 00:37:26,280 --> 00:37:29,680 its jaw span was wide enough to swallow a car whole. 703 00:37:30,720 --> 00:37:33,840 And its bite force was unheard of. 704 00:37:33,920 --> 00:37:36,720 Eight times stronger than a modern great white's, 705 00:37:36,800 --> 00:37:39,320 making it a killing machine. 706 00:37:41,480 --> 00:37:44,600 So, we're diving at this rig called Jurassic Park. 707 00:37:44,680 --> 00:37:47,160 Dubbed Jurassic Park by local fishermen, 708 00:37:47,240 --> 00:37:51,120 this abandoned rig is known to be a treasure trove of fossils. 709 00:37:51,200 --> 00:37:53,720 That's because the oil beneath the ocean 710 00:37:53,800 --> 00:37:56,200 is formed by the remains of ancient marine life. 711 00:37:57,040 --> 00:38:00,920 So, this will be prime habitat to find these ancient shark teeth, 712 00:38:01,000 --> 00:38:04,000 while also potentially encountering modern-day sharks. 713 00:38:04,960 --> 00:38:07,840 Kesley will dive over 60 feet to the bottom of the rig 714 00:38:07,920 --> 00:38:11,160 to search for evidence that megalodons swam here. 715 00:38:12,160 --> 00:38:14,440 If I'm going to find evidence of a megalodon, 716 00:38:14,520 --> 00:38:17,160 it might just be in these waters here. 717 00:38:27,200 --> 00:38:31,240 This is topside. Kesley, how's your visibility? 718 00:38:31,840 --> 00:38:33,560 Super murky. 719 00:38:35,720 --> 00:38:36,960 Hard to see. 720 00:38:39,320 --> 00:38:41,520 The rig is beautiful, though. 721 00:38:46,400 --> 00:38:48,360 Definitely seeing a lot of prey. 722 00:38:56,560 --> 00:38:58,400 But the water is pretty cloudy. 723 00:39:01,880 --> 00:39:03,960 I'm gonna go deeper and hope it's calmer. 724 00:39:14,120 --> 00:39:18,080 - Definitely clearer down here. - Copy that. 725 00:39:20,320 --> 00:39:22,320 There is so much life down here. 726 00:39:25,600 --> 00:39:27,600 I'm going to check out the sea floor. 727 00:39:42,480 --> 00:39:45,000 Some of the things down here have been 728 00:39:45,080 --> 00:39:47,680 here for hundreds of millions of years. 729 00:39:55,720 --> 00:39:57,720 Let's see what fossils we can find. 730 00:40:06,200 --> 00:40:07,880 I got something here! 731 00:40:08,560 --> 00:40:10,520 Bringing it up to get a better look. 732 00:40:10,600 --> 00:40:12,080 Copy that. 733 00:40:18,920 --> 00:40:20,920 We found a megalodon tooth. 734 00:40:21,720 --> 00:40:23,080 Down beneath the rig, 735 00:40:23,160 --> 00:40:26,360 Kelsey uncovered what she believes to be the tip of a tooth 736 00:40:26,440 --> 00:40:29,440 belonging to the largest shark known to man. 737 00:40:29,520 --> 00:40:31,720 I could only have hoped to find a meg tooth. 738 00:40:31,800 --> 00:40:35,600 The fact that I actually found one on this dive is incredible. 739 00:40:35,680 --> 00:40:39,080 The megalodon had teeth that were seven inches long, 740 00:40:39,160 --> 00:40:42,760 much larger than any of the other fossilized shark teeth 741 00:40:42,840 --> 00:40:44,640 we've seen on this expedition. 742 00:40:44,720 --> 00:40:48,400 You compare megalodon to the other super-size sharks, 743 00:40:48,480 --> 00:40:49,800 there's no comparison. 744 00:40:49,880 --> 00:40:52,240 There simply hasn't been anything bigger. 745 00:40:52,320 --> 00:40:56,800 You're talking about a massive, big-toothed hyper-predatory shark 746 00:40:56,880 --> 00:40:59,840 that can bite through a whale. 747 00:40:59,920 --> 00:41:01,400 No comparison. 748 00:41:01,480 --> 00:41:03,280 If the meg were around today, 749 00:41:03,360 --> 00:41:06,600 working on this rig would've been even more dangerous than it is. 750 00:41:07,680 --> 00:41:10,480 If megalodons swam in our oceans today, 751 00:41:10,560 --> 00:41:14,560 engineering a rig to withstand it would have been a losing battle. 752 00:41:15,240 --> 00:41:18,640 Even the strongest steel would be no match for its bite. 753 00:41:36,160 --> 00:41:37,760 Get to the bridge! 754 00:42:01,560 --> 00:42:03,160 Everyone knows about the meg, 755 00:42:03,240 --> 00:42:06,200 but there were so many exciting species that existed before it. 756 00:42:06,280 --> 00:42:09,240 There's so little that's known about these prehistoric sharks. 757 00:42:09,320 --> 00:42:13,120 So it's up to us, as researchers, to try and piece those parts together. 758 00:42:13,200 --> 00:42:14,680 I have something! 759 00:42:14,760 --> 00:42:16,960 With these missions, we were able to uncover 760 00:42:17,040 --> 00:42:19,800 the apex predators of these ancient oceans. 761 00:42:21,080 --> 00:42:22,400 We've got a shark. 762 00:42:22,480 --> 00:42:24,280 In Japan we uncovered a living fossil. 763 00:42:24,360 --> 00:42:25,360 -Wow. -Wow. 764 00:42:25,440 --> 00:42:26,880 Helped us better understand 765 00:42:26,960 --> 00:42:30,480 the scissor-tooth shark fed on prey in these canyons. 766 00:42:34,960 --> 00:42:36,280 We're here in Texas. 767 00:42:36,360 --> 00:42:40,600 We saw how the Ginsu's teeth evolved to be super lethal. 768 00:42:43,720 --> 00:42:47,440 There's hundreds of millions of years of shark history on the planet. 769 00:42:47,520 --> 00:42:49,640 What is clear is, as time went on, 770 00:42:49,720 --> 00:42:51,680 each geologic era had their super shark. 771 00:42:51,760 --> 00:42:54,800 The first was the Texas super shark. 772 00:43:00,760 --> 00:43:02,040 The Ginsu shark came next. 773 00:43:03,520 --> 00:43:05,520 And with its sharp pointed teeth, 774 00:43:05,600 --> 00:43:08,120 it was an even bigger killing machine. 775 00:43:09,520 --> 00:43:10,880 But at the end of the day, 776 00:43:10,960 --> 00:43:13,440 nothing compared to the size of the meg. 777 00:43:21,160 --> 00:43:24,920 Megalodon was the true ruler of the Jurassic sharks. 778 00:43:26,800 --> 00:43:30,240 Scientists are discovering new species all the time. 779 00:43:30,320 --> 00:43:32,600 Sharks larger than the truck you drove here on. 780 00:43:32,680 --> 00:43:35,040 -Oh, my gosh. -Things we couldn't imagine existed. 781 00:43:35,120 --> 00:43:36,520 This is 3,000 feet below us. 782 00:43:36,600 --> 00:43:39,040 And as technology continues to advance, 783 00:43:39,120 --> 00:43:42,080 we're getting this incredible view of these ancient sea beds. 784 00:43:42,160 --> 00:43:43,240 Wow! 785 00:43:44,200 --> 00:43:47,800 -That's really big. -They are really monster. 786 00:43:49,840 --> 00:43:51,320 It's amazing to think about 787 00:43:51,400 --> 00:43:54,240 how many other insane prehistoric Jurassic sharks 788 00:43:54,320 --> 00:43:56,960 are still out there, yet to be discovered. 789 00:44:00,040 --> 00:44:03,040 Subtitling by Iyuno