1 00:00:16,056 --> 00:00:17,475 -[bell dings] -Ladies and gentlemen, 2 00:00:17,517 --> 00:00:19,519 the captain has turned on the "No Smoking" sign. 3 00:00:19,602 --> 00:00:22,814 At this time, please extinguish all smoking materials. 4 00:00:22,856 --> 00:00:26,484 [gentle, peaceful instrumentals playing] 5 00:00:30,613 --> 00:00:34,367 [Bell] All of the artists that were on that European tour 6 00:00:34,868 --> 00:00:37,620 realized, "Wait a minute. 7 00:00:39,831 --> 00:00:41,249 We're stars." 8 00:00:52,844 --> 00:00:54,512 But you come home, 9 00:00:56,181 --> 00:00:58,558 you're treated like less than. 10 00:00:58,641 --> 00:01:02,187 Both of us, me and him, [indistinct]. And this is true. 11 00:01:02,228 --> 00:01:05,357 [Bell] I remember we were leaving the studio, 12 00:01:06,232 --> 00:01:09,444 me and Jim and Otis Redding. 13 00:01:12,364 --> 00:01:14,282 As we stepped out of the door, 14 00:01:14,657 --> 00:01:16,076 a police car pulled up... 15 00:01:16,158 --> 00:01:18,828 [siren blaring] 16 00:01:18,870 --> 00:01:20,663 ...and they jumped out with their guns, 17 00:01:20,705 --> 00:01:22,999 and they said, "Nigger, get back in that building. 18 00:01:23,041 --> 00:01:24,709 We don't allow niggers on the streets 19 00:01:24,751 --> 00:01:26,336 in Memphis with white people." 20 00:01:26,920 --> 00:01:30,006 And I said "But officer, we work here." 21 00:01:30,048 --> 00:01:32,801 And he said, "You wanna go downtown?" 22 00:01:33,468 --> 00:01:36,471 [muffled, indistinct crowd noise] 23 00:01:36,554 --> 00:01:39,723 [Jones] It was just too strong a system to tear down. 24 00:01:40,809 --> 00:01:44,521 In Memphis, you needed to keep your mouth shut 25 00:01:45,063 --> 00:01:46,731 and hope for the best. 26 00:01:48,525 --> 00:01:49,859 Or fight. 27 00:01:51,027 --> 00:01:54,155 -[lights click] -[electricity buzzing] 28 00:01:55,740 --> 00:01:58,785 [buzzing intensifies] 29 00:01:58,868 --> 00:02:00,412 [echoing click] 30 00:02:00,495 --> 00:02:04,124 A policeman in a Black community is a licensed killer. 31 00:02:04,749 --> 00:02:06,084 Is a licensed killer. 32 00:02:06,167 --> 00:02:09,503 A Black man attacking a policeman is a rioter. 33 00:02:10,255 --> 00:02:12,841 -Yeah. [laughs] -[laughter] 34 00:02:13,925 --> 00:02:17,303 That's cause the Black man don't have the license to kill. 35 00:02:17,387 --> 00:02:20,306 [mournful violin music playing] 36 00:02:20,390 --> 00:02:22,767 [police siren wailing] 37 00:02:30,567 --> 00:02:34,279 [solemn, lilting string melody playing] 38 00:02:42,078 --> 00:02:45,248 -[indistinct shouting] -[shuffling footsteps] 39 00:02:45,290 --> 00:02:47,584 [Hayes] People had been suppressed. 40 00:02:49,377 --> 00:02:51,504 You know, you can suppress a person for so long 41 00:02:51,588 --> 00:02:54,007 and they will... they will rise up. 42 00:02:54,090 --> 00:02:55,925 We're coming down here, hoping to tell you, 43 00:02:55,966 --> 00:02:57,969 you, you, you, and you with the camera, 44 00:02:58,053 --> 00:02:59,179 we wakin' up. 45 00:02:59,262 --> 00:03:01,973 [solemn, lilting string melody continues] 46 00:03:07,645 --> 00:03:10,231 We are in the worst crisis we have known 47 00:03:10,315 --> 00:03:11,816 since the Civil War, 48 00:03:11,900 --> 00:03:14,986 and time is running short to try to find some answers to it. 49 00:03:15,820 --> 00:03:17,614 [man] This is gonna happen all over America. 50 00:03:17,655 --> 00:03:19,866 It's gonna be a hot world, not a hot summer. 51 00:03:19,949 --> 00:03:21,618 It's a hot world. 52 00:03:23,661 --> 00:03:25,329 But, brother, America better wake up to this. 53 00:03:25,413 --> 00:03:28,041 If they don't, we're gonna burn down America. 54 00:03:28,625 --> 00:03:30,543 [Porter] You had a whole society attemptin' 55 00:03:30,627 --> 00:03:33,338 to take self-pride away from you. 56 00:03:34,339 --> 00:03:37,550 Isaac and I came from a generation, 57 00:03:37,634 --> 00:03:39,219 there was a spirit and attitude, 58 00:03:39,302 --> 00:03:41,012 "Well, this shit has got to change. 59 00:03:41,721 --> 00:03:45,016 And we are not gonna be receptive to someone abusing 60 00:03:45,100 --> 00:03:46,893 or taking advantage of us." 61 00:03:50,313 --> 00:03:51,690 [music fades] 62 00:03:51,773 --> 00:03:54,817 [indistinct chatter] 63 00:03:55,610 --> 00:03:59,531 [Hayes] I started noticing, all the Black businesses, 64 00:03:59,614 --> 00:04:03,827 if they write "soul" on the business, they'll bypass it. 65 00:04:07,914 --> 00:04:09,499 I said, "Wow. 66 00:04:10,834 --> 00:04:12,711 The word 'soul' 67 00:04:13,420 --> 00:04:17,048 keeps one from burning up their establishment. 68 00:04:17,132 --> 00:04:18,591 Wow. 'Soul.' 69 00:04:19,801 --> 00:04:21,553 That's just pride." 70 00:04:22,887 --> 00:04:24,305 So I called David. 71 00:04:24,723 --> 00:04:28,059 [Porter] Isaac and I talked about a concept for a song. 72 00:04:28,143 --> 00:04:31,688 [peaceful violin melody playing] 73 00:04:33,398 --> 00:04:37,944 I saw, in my head, a Black man. 74 00:04:41,239 --> 00:04:44,784 Images of Woodstock, the county school, 75 00:04:46,411 --> 00:04:48,663 in the outskirts of Memphis, Tennessee. 76 00:04:50,665 --> 00:04:52,667 And then came this feeling, 77 00:04:53,626 --> 00:04:56,421 you can rise above whatever you're challenged with, 78 00:04:58,214 --> 00:04:59,466 and it's gonna be okay 79 00:04:59,549 --> 00:05:02,093 because you have soulfulness in your spirit. 80 00:05:05,388 --> 00:05:06,973 Soulfulness in your heart. 81 00:05:07,057 --> 00:05:10,101 And you're gonna be okay 'cause you are a soul man. 82 00:05:10,143 --> 00:05:14,773 ["Soul Man" by Sam and Dave plays] 83 00:05:26,910 --> 00:05:31,373 ♪ Comin' to ya on a dusty road ♪ 84 00:05:31,956 --> 00:05:35,543 ♪ Good lovin', I got a truck load ♪ 85 00:05:35,627 --> 00:05:37,295 ♪ And when you get it ♪ 86 00:05:37,337 --> 00:05:39,756 ♪ Ha, you got somethin' ♪ 87 00:05:40,340 --> 00:05:41,758 ♪ So don't worry ♪ 88 00:05:42,258 --> 00:05:44,219 ♪ 'Cause I'm coming ♪ 89 00:05:44,302 --> 00:05:47,097 ♪ I'm a soul man ♪ 90 00:05:47,138 --> 00:05:48,306 ♪ Oh! ♪ 91 00:05:48,348 --> 00:05:50,933 ♪ I'm a soul man... ♪ 92 00:05:53,144 --> 00:05:55,146 [Porter] If you listen to "Soul Man," 93 00:05:55,730 --> 00:05:58,066 the lyrics sounds like you're talking about falling in love, 94 00:05:58,149 --> 00:06:01,319 but you're really talking about pride and dignity. 95 00:06:01,695 --> 00:06:05,115 ♪ Grab the rope and I'll pull you in ♪ 96 00:06:06,157 --> 00:06:07,701 ♪ Give you hope ♪ 97 00:06:07,784 --> 00:06:10,412 ♪ And be your only boyfriend ♪ 98 00:06:10,495 --> 00:06:12,330 -♪ Yeah, yeah ♪ -♪ Yeah, yeah ♪ 99 00:06:12,414 --> 00:06:14,582 ["Soul Man" continues] 100 00:06:19,671 --> 00:06:22,674 -♪ I'm talkin' about a ♪ -♪ Soul man ♪ 101 00:06:22,757 --> 00:06:24,759 -♪ I'm a ♪ -♪ Soul man ♪ 102 00:06:24,843 --> 00:06:27,345 -♪ And you ♪ -♪ A soul man ♪ 103 00:06:27,387 --> 00:06:29,014 -♪ Ah ♪ -♪ Soul man ♪ 104 00:06:29,055 --> 00:06:30,223 ♪ And you... ♪ 105 00:06:30,306 --> 00:06:31,641 [radio DJ] I'm a soul man, Sam and Dave, 106 00:06:31,683 --> 00:06:33,685 at 28 minutes 'til two o clock, 200 and... 107 00:06:33,727 --> 00:06:35,520 [Bowman] Isaac Hayes and David Porter 108 00:06:35,603 --> 00:06:38,690 had written this song that became a number one hit 109 00:06:38,732 --> 00:06:41,568 on both the Black and white charts. 110 00:06:42,235 --> 00:06:44,279 They succeed commercially 111 00:06:44,362 --> 00:06:46,656 and still give voice to the community. 112 00:06:46,698 --> 00:06:48,992 -♪ And you ♪ -♪ A soul man ♪ 113 00:06:49,826 --> 00:06:53,163 Stax proves you can have it both ways at once: 114 00:06:54,330 --> 00:06:55,832 make hit records 115 00:06:55,874 --> 00:06:58,918 but also speak about Black uplift. 116 00:06:59,336 --> 00:07:01,421 -♪ Oh, Lord ♪ -♪ Soul man ♪ 117 00:07:01,504 --> 00:07:03,548 -♪ I'm a ♪ -♪ Soul man ♪ 118 00:07:03,590 --> 00:07:05,800 -♪ And you ♪ -♪ A soul man ♪ 119 00:07:05,884 --> 00:07:06,926 [song fades] 120 00:07:07,010 --> 00:07:09,637 [jarring, echoing scream] 121 00:07:09,721 --> 00:07:12,974 ["Section 43" by Country Joe and the Fish plays] 122 00:07:18,563 --> 00:07:22,067 [Bell] 1967 motivated the hell out of me. 123 00:07:22,901 --> 00:07:27,113 I was on the kill to take Stax to the next level. 124 00:07:28,907 --> 00:07:32,786 The event that provided that opportunity 125 00:07:32,869 --> 00:07:36,706 was the Monterey Pop Festival in northern California. 126 00:07:37,957 --> 00:07:40,835 [Bowman] Otis Redding was invited to Monterey. 127 00:07:41,628 --> 00:07:44,673 He would be playing for the counterculture, 128 00:07:44,756 --> 00:07:46,508 a mostly white rock audience 129 00:07:46,591 --> 00:07:49,135 that he's totally unfamiliar with, 130 00:07:49,219 --> 00:07:52,305 and that he's pretty sure are pretty unfamiliar with him. 131 00:07:52,389 --> 00:07:55,100 ["Section 43" continues] 132 00:07:56,935 --> 00:07:58,937 [crowd cheering] 133 00:07:58,978 --> 00:08:02,023 When we got to Monterey, we were shocked. 134 00:08:03,108 --> 00:08:05,110 It was the biggest crowd we'd ever seen. 135 00:08:05,610 --> 00:08:08,279 And there was about 55,000 people... 136 00:08:08,613 --> 00:08:11,616 ["Section 43" continues] 137 00:08:11,700 --> 00:08:13,702 ...and they were hippies, 138 00:08:16,913 --> 00:08:19,791 and they were smoking dope out in public. 139 00:08:20,207 --> 00:08:22,794 And the cops were wandering around through the crowd. 140 00:08:23,461 --> 00:08:25,130 Nobody seemed to care. 141 00:08:25,213 --> 00:08:26,464 [laughs] 142 00:08:26,548 --> 00:08:30,093 ["Section 43" continues] 143 00:08:31,594 --> 00:08:34,806 [Cropper] We walked around and saw just odd stuff. 144 00:08:36,307 --> 00:08:37,976 All these art people, 145 00:08:39,644 --> 00:08:41,229 flower children, 146 00:08:42,522 --> 00:08:45,734 which is another breed of human being, I think. 147 00:08:47,402 --> 00:08:49,863 [Jones] We were just so outta place. 148 00:08:53,158 --> 00:08:56,536 We were the only people within miles that had suits. 149 00:08:57,162 --> 00:09:00,707 [song intensifies] 150 00:09:02,917 --> 00:09:05,003 [song fades] 151 00:09:05,045 --> 00:09:06,671 [cheering, applause] 152 00:09:06,713 --> 00:09:08,381 [Tommy Smothers] It's been a real groovy day 153 00:09:08,465 --> 00:09:09,674 and a great evening, and here, 154 00:09:10,258 --> 00:09:13,636 let's bring on with a big hand, Mr. Otis Redding. 155 00:09:14,554 --> 00:09:16,598 Otis Redding hit the stage. 156 00:09:17,849 --> 00:09:20,393 All those hippies got quiet. 157 00:09:20,477 --> 00:09:22,645 [scattered applause, chatter] 158 00:09:23,021 --> 00:09:25,357 They ain't seen anything like us. 159 00:09:25,815 --> 00:09:28,735 -[chatter] -[mellow organ music plays] 160 00:09:31,363 --> 00:09:33,448 This is the love crowd, right? 161 00:09:33,823 --> 00:09:36,034 We all love each other, don't we? 162 00:09:36,743 --> 00:09:38,745 -Am I right? -[uproarious cheering] 163 00:09:38,828 --> 00:09:40,538 Let me hear you say, "Yeah" then! 164 00:09:40,580 --> 00:09:42,582 -[crowd cheers] Yeah! -All right. 165 00:09:42,665 --> 00:09:45,001 [mellow melody continues] 166 00:09:46,211 --> 00:09:52,759 ♪ I've been loving you ♪ 167 00:09:54,511 --> 00:09:57,847 ♪ Too long ♪ 168 00:10:00,392 --> 00:10:03,353 ♪ To stop now ♪ 169 00:10:03,395 --> 00:10:06,231 [music builds] 170 00:10:07,524 --> 00:10:12,153 ♪ You were tired ♪ 171 00:10:12,987 --> 00:10:16,991 ♪ And you want to be free ♪ 172 00:10:18,410 --> 00:10:22,956 ♪ My love is growing stronger ♪ 173 00:10:23,748 --> 00:10:27,919 ♪ As you become a habit to me ♪ 174 00:10:29,421 --> 00:10:32,257 ♪ I've been loving you ♪ 175 00:10:34,426 --> 00:10:37,721 ♪ Oh, too long ♪ 176 00:10:39,014 --> 00:10:41,850 ♪ And I don't wanna stop now, no ♪ 177 00:10:41,933 --> 00:10:44,978 -[three horn notes and drum beats] -Oh! Oh! 178 00:10:45,437 --> 00:10:47,647 Can you do that one more time, Al, just like that? 179 00:10:47,731 --> 00:10:51,026 -[three horn notes and drum beats] -Oh! Oh! 180 00:10:51,109 --> 00:10:52,610 Do it just one more time! One more. 181 00:10:52,652 --> 00:10:55,447 -[three horn notes and drum beats] -Oh! Oh! 182 00:10:55,530 --> 00:10:57,032 Do it just one more time! 183 00:10:57,115 --> 00:11:00,243 -[three horn notes and drum beats] -Oh! Oh! 184 00:11:00,285 --> 00:11:04,039 ♪ With you, my life ♪ 185 00:11:04,122 --> 00:11:06,499 [crowd cheering] 186 00:11:06,583 --> 00:11:10,712 ♪ Has been so wonderful ♪ 187 00:11:13,006 --> 00:11:15,133 ♪ And I don't wanna stop now ♪ 188 00:11:15,800 --> 00:11:17,135 ♪ No ♪ 189 00:11:17,886 --> 00:11:19,679 ♪ No, no ♪ 190 00:11:20,805 --> 00:11:24,726 [Jones] He exposed deep vulnerability. 191 00:11:26,061 --> 00:11:28,229 ♪ Just a little bit too long ♪ 192 00:11:28,313 --> 00:11:33,443 [Cropper] He just rolled over 'em like the tide. 193 00:11:34,486 --> 00:11:35,820 ♪ No ♪ 194 00:11:36,321 --> 00:11:37,822 ♪ No, no ♪ 195 00:11:38,656 --> 00:11:41,493 ♪ Don't make me stop now ♪ 196 00:11:41,534 --> 00:11:43,495 ♪ Lord have mercy ♪ 197 00:11:43,578 --> 00:11:45,830 ♪ No, baby ♪ 198 00:11:45,872 --> 00:11:47,999 ♪ I'm down on my knees ♪ 199 00:11:48,083 --> 00:11:51,753 ♪ Please don't make me stop now, yeah ♪ 200 00:11:52,462 --> 00:11:54,297 ♪ I love you ♪ 201 00:11:54,339 --> 00:11:55,340 ♪ I love you ♪ 202 00:11:55,382 --> 00:11:57,884 ♪ I love you with all my heart ♪ 203 00:11:57,967 --> 00:12:00,553 ♪ And I can't stop now ♪ 204 00:12:00,970 --> 00:12:06,267 ♪ Please, please, please, yeah ♪ 205 00:12:06,351 --> 00:12:09,229 ♪ Don't make me stop now, yeah, yeah, yeah ♪ 206 00:12:09,688 --> 00:12:10,897 ♪ Not right now ♪ 207 00:12:10,980 --> 00:12:13,149 ♪ With heart and soul, I love you ♪ 208 00:12:13,191 --> 00:12:16,986 ♪ I love you, good God Almighty, I love you ♪ 209 00:12:17,028 --> 00:12:19,030 ♪ I love you, baby ♪ 210 00:12:19,114 --> 00:12:20,907 ♪ I love you, honey ♪ 211 00:12:20,990 --> 00:12:22,200 ♪ Good God Almighty ♪ 212 00:12:22,283 --> 00:12:25,745 ♪ Good God Almighty, I love... ♪ 213 00:12:25,829 --> 00:12:28,957 [finale musical flourish] 214 00:12:30,000 --> 00:12:33,128 -[song ends] -[raucous cheering] 215 00:12:44,889 --> 00:12:46,808 [Redding] Thank you. 216 00:12:47,684 --> 00:12:49,519 [Jones] We felt love from the crowd, 217 00:12:49,561 --> 00:12:50,895 and it was an exchange. 218 00:12:50,937 --> 00:12:54,399 It was open, and it was real. 219 00:12:56,735 --> 00:13:00,947 That night, he crossed over to alternative, 220 00:13:01,031 --> 00:13:02,699 or whatever you wanna call that crowd. 221 00:13:02,741 --> 00:13:05,118 [indistinct chatter] 222 00:13:05,201 --> 00:13:08,121 It felt like America was different. 223 00:13:10,081 --> 00:13:14,878 These flower children, to react like they did, 224 00:13:14,919 --> 00:13:17,464 opened the door for Stax Records. 225 00:13:17,547 --> 00:13:19,299 [Dick Clark sighs] He's got a heart full of soul. 226 00:13:19,382 --> 00:13:21,593 Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. Otis Redding! 227 00:13:21,676 --> 00:13:25,805 ["Respect" playing] 228 00:13:31,770 --> 00:13:33,897 ♪ What you want ♪ 229 00:13:33,938 --> 00:13:35,899 ♪ Honey, you've got it ♪ 230 00:13:35,940 --> 00:13:37,734 ♪ And what you need ♪ 231 00:13:37,776 --> 00:13:39,944 ♪ Baby, you've got it ♪ 232 00:13:40,028 --> 00:13:41,946 ♪ All I'm asking ♪ 233 00:13:41,988 --> 00:13:44,949 ♪ Is for a little respect when I come home ♪ 234 00:13:45,033 --> 00:13:46,368 ♪ Hey, now ♪ 235 00:13:46,451 --> 00:13:48,203 ♪ Hey, hey, hey ♪ 236 00:13:48,787 --> 00:13:50,830 [Bowman] By 1967, 237 00:13:50,914 --> 00:13:54,209 southern soul music explodes, 238 00:13:54,292 --> 00:13:58,588 and Stax was the blueprint for that sound. 239 00:13:58,630 --> 00:14:00,215 ♪ Honey, while I'm gone ♪ 240 00:14:00,298 --> 00:14:02,008 ♪ But all I'm asking ♪ 241 00:14:02,092 --> 00:14:05,053 ♪ Is for a little respect when I come home ♪ 242 00:14:05,136 --> 00:14:07,305 ♪ Oh yeah, now, hey, hey, hey ♪ 243 00:14:07,389 --> 00:14:10,850 [Bowman] With Stax getting this level of national success, 244 00:14:11,351 --> 00:14:14,104 recording studios across the South 245 00:14:14,854 --> 00:14:17,232 begin to replicate the Stax sound. 246 00:14:18,441 --> 00:14:21,319 All right, you make the first and the second beat. 247 00:14:21,653 --> 00:14:24,447 To clarify, you make the first second, and third beat. 248 00:14:24,864 --> 00:14:26,658 ♪ What you want ♪ 249 00:14:26,741 --> 00:14:28,660 ♪ Baby, I got it ♪ 250 00:14:28,743 --> 00:14:30,120 ♪ What you need ♪ 251 00:14:30,161 --> 00:14:31,663 ♪ You know I got it ♪ 252 00:14:31,746 --> 00:14:33,415 ♪ All I'm asking ♪ 253 00:14:33,498 --> 00:14:36,042 ♪ Is for a little respect when you get home ♪ 254 00:14:36,126 --> 00:14:38,128 ♪ Baby, when you get home ♪ 255 00:14:38,169 --> 00:14:40,046 -♪ Just a little bit ♪ -♪ Mister ♪ 256 00:14:40,130 --> 00:14:42,007 ♪ Just a little bit... ♪ 257 00:14:42,048 --> 00:14:44,759 [Bowman] When you hear Aretha Franklin, 258 00:14:44,843 --> 00:14:46,177 Wilson Pickett, 259 00:14:47,220 --> 00:14:48,596 Etta James, 260 00:14:49,222 --> 00:14:51,516 you're hearing the sound of Stax. 261 00:14:51,558 --> 00:14:53,476 [song fades] 262 00:14:53,518 --> 00:14:55,020 [audience cheering] 263 00:14:55,061 --> 00:14:57,188 Well, "Respect" has been a big record for Otis Redding. 264 00:14:57,272 --> 00:14:59,024 He, uh, wrote the song a while ago. 265 00:14:59,065 --> 00:15:00,275 You had a big hit with it. 266 00:15:00,358 --> 00:15:02,610 -Right. -Aretha Franklin did it. 267 00:15:02,652 --> 00:15:04,320 She went and sold a million. [laughs] 268 00:15:04,362 --> 00:15:07,991 And those royalty checks are pouring in. [laughs] 269 00:15:09,868 --> 00:15:12,245 [Redding] It's been a good, uh, year. 270 00:15:12,746 --> 00:15:16,291 [funky rock instrumentals playing] 271 00:15:20,545 --> 00:15:22,964 [Zelma Redding] Otis was getting bigger, 272 00:15:23,423 --> 00:15:29,012 and so we had enough money to buy a 300-acre ranch. 273 00:15:29,054 --> 00:15:31,181 I mean, he loved this place. 274 00:15:32,265 --> 00:15:36,061 Raising hogs and cows and... 275 00:15:37,228 --> 00:15:38,897 If he wasn't working, 276 00:15:38,938 --> 00:15:40,899 he would just sit back here and write songs. 277 00:15:41,316 --> 00:15:44,069 Music was always in his brain 278 00:15:44,110 --> 00:15:47,364 because my husband wanted to be a huge star. 279 00:15:48,031 --> 00:15:49,366 [Redding] Well, the next few years, 280 00:15:49,407 --> 00:15:51,201 the only thing I can say is if I'll be living, 281 00:15:51,242 --> 00:15:52,869 I hope to be still doing the same thing, 282 00:15:52,911 --> 00:15:54,204 singing, you know, and... 283 00:15:54,245 --> 00:15:55,955 trying to make that living, that dollar. 284 00:15:56,039 --> 00:15:59,250 [tense tapping notes playing] 285 00:15:59,334 --> 00:16:02,671 [Bowman] Otis was an extremely ambitious individual, 286 00:16:04,130 --> 00:16:08,760 and so he was constantly touring to promote his records. 287 00:16:09,260 --> 00:16:11,596 And he had had various road bands. 288 00:16:12,305 --> 00:16:14,974 Hired his trumpeter from South Carolina. 289 00:16:15,058 --> 00:16:17,519 Then his sax player out of Macon. 290 00:16:18,228 --> 00:16:20,897 But it wasn't the same as having Booker T. and the M.G.'s, 291 00:16:20,939 --> 00:16:22,982 the best band in the world, behind him. 292 00:16:23,650 --> 00:16:26,027 Otis said he wanted Booker T. and the M.G.'s 293 00:16:26,111 --> 00:16:28,113 to go on the road with him, 294 00:16:28,154 --> 00:16:30,073 but Booker T. and the M.G.'s 295 00:16:30,115 --> 00:16:33,493 played behind practically all of the artists 296 00:16:33,576 --> 00:16:35,453 that recorded at Stax. 297 00:16:36,246 --> 00:16:39,124 [Cropper] We said, "Otis, we can't tour." 298 00:16:39,874 --> 00:16:42,127 And he said, "Well, what am I gonna do?" 299 00:16:42,210 --> 00:16:45,630 ["Soul Finger" by The Bar-Kays plays] 300 00:16:51,845 --> 00:16:55,598 [man 1] In high school, I was in a band called the Bar-Kays. 301 00:16:56,766 --> 00:16:58,643 All of the Bar-Kays were seniors. 302 00:16:58,685 --> 00:17:03,106 I was a junior, 'cause I was the... the baby of the group. 303 00:17:03,648 --> 00:17:05,733 We would hang out at Stax. 304 00:17:06,233 --> 00:17:08,486 [Jones] They were like the little M.G.'s. 305 00:17:09,112 --> 00:17:12,991 Carl was always sitting down under Al's drums. 306 00:17:13,032 --> 00:17:15,242 James Alexander became Duck's protege. 307 00:17:15,326 --> 00:17:18,747 Jimmie King watched Steve Cropper all the time. 308 00:17:18,829 --> 00:17:22,834 Ben Cauley, the horn player. Phalon Jones, saxophone. 309 00:17:22,876 --> 00:17:24,586 Ronnie on keyboard. 310 00:17:24,669 --> 00:17:28,548 We recorded a song called "Soul Finger," a hit record. 311 00:17:28,631 --> 00:17:30,592 ♪ Soul finger ♪ 312 00:17:30,675 --> 00:17:32,510 ♪ Soul finger ♪ 313 00:17:32,594 --> 00:17:34,679 ♪ Soul finger ♪ 314 00:17:34,721 --> 00:17:37,182 [man 2] The Bar-Kays would come to high schools. 315 00:17:37,265 --> 00:17:39,059 There would be girls like, "Oh!" 316 00:17:39,142 --> 00:17:40,935 I would be like, "God! 317 00:17:41,019 --> 00:17:42,562 Did you see that?" 318 00:17:42,645 --> 00:17:44,147 It just blew me away. 319 00:17:44,189 --> 00:17:47,734 ["Soul Finger" continues] 320 00:17:50,528 --> 00:17:52,322 [Alexander grunts with song] Oh! Ah! 321 00:17:52,364 --> 00:17:54,449 Oh! Ah! 322 00:17:54,824 --> 00:17:58,078 I'll just outright say it, we thought we were the shit. 323 00:17:58,161 --> 00:18:01,081 ["Soul Finger" continues] 324 00:18:02,707 --> 00:18:06,628 One night, we were playing at this club on Beale Street 325 00:18:06,711 --> 00:18:08,338 called The Hippodrome. 326 00:18:09,381 --> 00:18:13,385 Otis Redding comes down, he watches the band perform. 327 00:18:13,468 --> 00:18:16,262 Then he asked did we know any of his songs. 328 00:18:16,638 --> 00:18:18,390 I said, "Yeah, I think we could get through it." 329 00:18:18,431 --> 00:18:21,434 And so he came up on stage and sit in with us. 330 00:18:21,518 --> 00:18:23,645 ♪ You got to... huh! ♪ 331 00:18:24,479 --> 00:18:25,563 ♪ Yeah ♪ 332 00:18:25,605 --> 00:18:28,566 ["I Can't Turn You Loose" by Otis Redding plays] 333 00:18:32,153 --> 00:18:33,530 ♪ Yeah, man ♪ 334 00:18:34,698 --> 00:18:36,491 [shouts indistinctly] 335 00:18:39,536 --> 00:18:41,621 ♪ I can't turn you loose now ♪ 336 00:18:41,705 --> 00:18:44,749 ♪ If I do, I'm gonna lose my life ♪ 337 00:18:44,833 --> 00:18:48,128 ♪ Oh, I can't never turn you loose, now ♪ 338 00:18:48,211 --> 00:18:50,964 ♪ If I do, I'm gonna lose my life ♪ 339 00:18:51,047 --> 00:18:54,217 ♪ Well, I can't turn you loose to nobody, now ♪ 340 00:18:54,259 --> 00:18:56,928 ♪ 'Cause I love you, baby, yes I do, now ♪ 341 00:18:57,012 --> 00:19:00,974 ♪ Oh, baby, hip-shakin' mama, I told you, honey ♪ 342 00:19:01,057 --> 00:19:02,934 ♪ I'm in love with only you ♪ 343 00:19:03,018 --> 00:19:06,646 ♪ You got to... to do it, baby, why don't you? ♪ 344 00:19:06,730 --> 00:19:09,816 ♪ 'Cause I'm gonna give you everything that you want ♪ 345 00:19:10,442 --> 00:19:13,403 [Bell] Otis looked up at the sky. [laughs] 346 00:19:13,778 --> 00:19:15,697 It blew Otis Redding's mind. 347 00:19:15,780 --> 00:19:17,032 He said "Hey, man, 348 00:19:17,699 --> 00:19:20,952 I want these boys to go on the road with me." 349 00:19:21,536 --> 00:19:23,747 [Alexander] The day that we finished high school, 350 00:19:23,788 --> 00:19:27,125 we left to go on the road with Otis Redding. 351 00:19:27,208 --> 00:19:29,210 ♪ ...with the prettiest thing ♪ 352 00:19:29,961 --> 00:19:31,546 I probably had been 353 00:19:31,629 --> 00:19:34,507 no more than 50 miles' radius outside of Memphis. 354 00:19:35,592 --> 00:19:37,510 ♪ I can't turn you loose to nobody ♪ 355 00:19:37,594 --> 00:19:39,137 All of a sudden, we on our way 356 00:19:39,179 --> 00:19:41,389 to the Apollo Theater in New York. 357 00:19:41,473 --> 00:19:44,351 ♪ Oh, baby, hip-shakin' mama, I told you ♪ 358 00:19:44,434 --> 00:19:47,437 ♪ I'm in love with only you ♪ 359 00:19:47,479 --> 00:19:50,815 ♪ Got to do it, baby, why don't you? ♪ 360 00:19:50,899 --> 00:19:53,902 ♪ I'm gonna give you everything that you want ♪ 361 00:19:53,985 --> 00:19:55,737 ♪ Got to, got to ♪ 362 00:19:56,321 --> 00:19:58,656 ♪ Got to keep holdin' on ♪ 363 00:19:59,324 --> 00:20:01,993 ♪ Never gonna turn you loose ♪ 364 00:20:02,577 --> 00:20:03,828 ♪ Got to keep a grip on you... ♪ 365 00:20:03,870 --> 00:20:06,373 [Alexander] That tour went from the end of June 366 00:20:06,456 --> 00:20:08,500 to the end of August, 367 00:20:09,334 --> 00:20:13,171 and each show was sold completely out. 368 00:20:13,213 --> 00:20:15,048 ♪ Oh, yeah ♪ 369 00:20:15,131 --> 00:20:17,258 [song ends in loud, sustained note] 370 00:20:17,342 --> 00:20:20,387 [cheering, applause] 371 00:20:21,846 --> 00:20:23,973 [sea birds calling] 372 00:20:24,015 --> 00:20:26,351 [waves crashing] 373 00:20:29,187 --> 00:20:32,273 After the tour, Otis went to Sausalito. 374 00:20:33,400 --> 00:20:36,277 He just needed some down time. 375 00:20:37,445 --> 00:20:40,865 But these thoughts just got in his mind. 376 00:20:40,949 --> 00:20:42,367 [harbor bell dings] 377 00:20:42,409 --> 00:20:45,745 ["Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" by The Beatles plays] 378 00:20:47,372 --> 00:20:49,791 [Bowman] Otis was a massive Beatles fan, 379 00:20:50,417 --> 00:20:53,878 and when Sergeant Pepper came out that summer, 380 00:20:53,920 --> 00:20:59,050 he listened to that album over and over and over and over. 381 00:21:00,969 --> 00:21:05,473 And it was expanding his musical palette. 382 00:21:06,725 --> 00:21:11,146 [Zelma] He said it was just time to change his writing, 383 00:21:11,855 --> 00:21:14,232 enhance it to something different 384 00:21:14,274 --> 00:21:15,358 than what he was doing. 385 00:21:15,400 --> 00:21:17,610 [engine buzzing] 386 00:21:17,694 --> 00:21:19,571 [mellow bass guitar line playing] 387 00:21:19,654 --> 00:21:23,908 [Jones] Otis came back to Stax a possessed man. 388 00:21:25,577 --> 00:21:27,370 He said, "We're gonna be in the studio 389 00:21:27,412 --> 00:21:29,247 and you're not gonna be someplace else. 390 00:21:29,289 --> 00:21:30,915 We're doing this." 391 00:21:30,957 --> 00:21:33,251 And man, it was a marathon. 392 00:21:33,293 --> 00:21:34,753 [recording technician] Take one. 393 00:21:34,794 --> 00:21:36,671 [Jackson] He was like a big ol' football coach. 394 00:21:36,755 --> 00:21:39,758 He had all this energy aimed at you. 395 00:21:39,841 --> 00:21:42,719 He would use his feet. He would dance. 396 00:21:42,761 --> 00:21:45,096 He would get in front of you and look at you like that. 397 00:21:45,138 --> 00:21:46,639 [recording technician] Take two. 398 00:21:47,182 --> 00:21:48,975 Stay in on the mic now, Steve. 399 00:21:49,059 --> 00:21:51,770 [Cropper] We'd call ourselves the Midnight Recorders. 400 00:21:51,811 --> 00:21:54,773 We'd go out and eat, come back, and work in the studio. 401 00:21:54,814 --> 00:21:57,442 [recording technician] One, two, three, four. 402 00:21:57,484 --> 00:21:59,611 There were a couple of times we didn't even go home. 403 00:21:59,652 --> 00:22:01,946 [recording technician] One, two... 404 00:22:02,030 --> 00:22:04,574 One, two, three, four. 405 00:22:04,616 --> 00:22:08,036 [early intro of "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay"] 406 00:22:10,955 --> 00:22:13,625 [Cropper] At some point, he played this new song... 407 00:22:14,000 --> 00:22:18,880 [Redding whistling "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay" melody] 408 00:22:22,425 --> 00:22:24,469 [laughter in studio] 409 00:22:24,552 --> 00:22:26,721 [man in studio] You're not gonna make it as a whistler! 410 00:22:26,805 --> 00:22:27,681 Hey, man! 411 00:22:27,764 --> 00:22:30,392 [Jones] We recorded so much music. 412 00:22:30,433 --> 00:22:32,769 And then Otis poked his head through the wall and said, 413 00:22:32,811 --> 00:22:34,729 "I'll see you Monday." I said, "Great." 414 00:22:35,897 --> 00:22:39,693 And he left to go back on tour with The Bar-Kays. 415 00:22:39,776 --> 00:22:43,488 [bright horn intro to "Try a Little Tenderness"] 416 00:22:43,571 --> 00:22:46,074 [Alexander] We played Nashville on a Friday night 417 00:22:46,491 --> 00:22:49,285 and then flew directly to Cleveland, Ohio 418 00:22:49,327 --> 00:22:51,830 and did the TV show called Upbeat. 419 00:22:53,707 --> 00:22:58,169 ♪ Oh, she may be weary ♪ 420 00:22:59,629 --> 00:23:02,590 ♪ Them young girls, they do get wearied ♪ 421 00:23:03,800 --> 00:23:09,514 ♪ Wearing that same old miniskirt dress ♪ 422 00:23:09,597 --> 00:23:12,475 ♪ Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah ♪ 423 00:23:14,185 --> 00:23:17,480 ♪ But when she gets weary... ♪ 424 00:23:17,522 --> 00:23:20,734 [Alexander] The next day we left for Wisconsin. 425 00:23:20,817 --> 00:23:23,695 [eerie, echoing] ♪ ...a little tenderness ♪ 426 00:23:23,737 --> 00:23:25,071 ♪ Yeah, yeah, yeah... ♪ 427 00:23:25,155 --> 00:23:29,117 But there was weather issues, flights being delayed. 428 00:23:31,369 --> 00:23:33,413 Otis owned his own plane, 429 00:23:34,080 --> 00:23:39,210 so he decided to fly to Madison, Wisconsin anyway. 430 00:23:40,128 --> 00:23:44,049 There only was enough capacity for ten people on the plane. 431 00:23:44,132 --> 00:23:45,800 [airplane engine buzzing] 432 00:23:45,884 --> 00:23:48,845 The pilot told us, "I'm gonna fly Otis 433 00:23:48,887 --> 00:23:51,765 and the rest of the guys into Madison, 434 00:23:51,848 --> 00:23:54,976 and then I'm gonna come back and pick you up." 435 00:23:55,060 --> 00:23:58,229 [airplane engine buzzing] 436 00:24:05,070 --> 00:24:07,072 [indistinct crowd chatter] 437 00:24:12,077 --> 00:24:13,912 We kept waiting, 438 00:24:14,537 --> 00:24:16,623 but after about three or four hours, 439 00:24:17,123 --> 00:24:18,375 he still wasn't there. 440 00:24:18,875 --> 00:24:24,339 So I called the control tower, and they said, "No word yet." 441 00:24:24,422 --> 00:24:26,925 So we just kept waiting. 442 00:24:28,426 --> 00:24:32,013 [somber string instrumentals playing] 443 00:24:36,768 --> 00:24:39,229 But they never came back. 444 00:24:45,652 --> 00:24:48,113 [water swashing softly] 445 00:24:49,614 --> 00:24:51,783 [reporter] Otis Redding, 26-year-old blues singer, 446 00:24:51,825 --> 00:24:55,078 is missing and presumed dead in Madison, Wisconsin. 447 00:24:56,579 --> 00:24:59,040 Redding was one of seven people aboard a private plane 448 00:24:59,124 --> 00:25:01,710 which crashed in a Madison lake last night. 449 00:25:01,793 --> 00:25:05,130 [somber music continues] 450 00:25:08,591 --> 00:25:11,177 [Alexander] They found one survivor. 451 00:25:15,348 --> 00:25:17,892 My friend, Ben Cauley. 452 00:25:20,311 --> 00:25:21,980 They took us to see Ben. 453 00:25:24,107 --> 00:25:25,984 His eyes weren't blinking. 454 00:25:26,985 --> 00:25:30,155 Said, "Ben, can you hear us?" He wasn't able to... 455 00:25:30,196 --> 00:25:32,657 He wasn't able to say anything back to us. 456 00:25:33,700 --> 00:25:35,785 He was in a state of shock. 457 00:25:38,830 --> 00:25:44,669 Then they tell us that we have to go to the, uh, city morgue, 458 00:25:45,420 --> 00:25:48,214 to identify the bodies. 459 00:25:50,258 --> 00:25:51,634 Now, I'm 17 years old. 460 00:25:51,676 --> 00:25:54,971 I've never experienced anything like this. 461 00:25:55,722 --> 00:25:59,351 I never experienced nothing close to anything like this 462 00:25:59,392 --> 00:26:00,852 in my whole entire life. 463 00:26:00,894 --> 00:26:04,022 -[somber music continues] -[thunder rumbling] 464 00:26:04,773 --> 00:26:09,694 [Parker] They were finding musical instruments and luggage, 465 00:26:09,736 --> 00:26:15,158 and they would bring in these items 466 00:26:15,200 --> 00:26:18,578 still dripping with water. 467 00:26:20,872 --> 00:26:23,208 As the bodies were discovered, 468 00:26:24,709 --> 00:26:27,754 there was one funeral on one day, 469 00:26:29,089 --> 00:26:32,342 another funeral, and another funeral. 470 00:26:38,473 --> 00:26:39,766 Mm-hm... 471 00:26:43,061 --> 00:26:44,688 It was family. 472 00:26:45,271 --> 00:26:49,067 Phalon, his mom fed me hamburgers at the Harlem House 473 00:26:49,150 --> 00:26:50,402 when I was young. 474 00:26:50,485 --> 00:26:52,153 Phalon was gone, and... 475 00:26:53,279 --> 00:26:56,241 Ronnie and... and Jimmie King. 476 00:26:59,786 --> 00:27:01,621 And Carl was the baby. 477 00:27:02,580 --> 00:27:03,707 Carl Cunningham. 478 00:27:03,748 --> 00:27:05,750 [music fades] 479 00:27:07,168 --> 00:27:09,045 [exhales] 480 00:27:10,505 --> 00:27:14,217 [sniffling] 481 00:27:14,259 --> 00:27:18,263 ["I've Got Dreams to Remember" by Otis Redding playing] 482 00:27:22,726 --> 00:27:26,855 Otis was buried at home, here on the ranch. 483 00:27:29,065 --> 00:27:32,736 [Cropper] That was my first trip to Macon, Georgia. 484 00:27:32,777 --> 00:27:34,279 I felt like Otis was family. 485 00:27:34,320 --> 00:27:36,906 I looked at him as sort of an older brother. 486 00:27:37,532 --> 00:27:40,285 But it was like, "Why haven't I been down here before? 487 00:27:40,326 --> 00:27:41,953 I should have been closer. I should have... 488 00:27:41,995 --> 00:27:43,997 should have been over to the farm." 489 00:27:44,581 --> 00:27:46,249 You know, I never went. 490 00:27:47,334 --> 00:27:50,128 ♪ I've got dreams ♪ 491 00:27:50,670 --> 00:27:52,630 ♪ Dreams ♪ 492 00:27:52,714 --> 00:27:55,800 ♪ To remember ♪ 493 00:27:57,802 --> 00:28:00,347 ♪ I've got dreams ♪ 494 00:28:00,430 --> 00:28:05,477 ♪ Dreams to remember ♪ 495 00:28:06,061 --> 00:28:08,897 -♪ Listen, honey ♪ -♪ I've got dreams ♪ 496 00:28:08,980 --> 00:28:11,775 -♪ Rough dreams ♪ -♪ Dreams to remember ♪ 497 00:28:11,816 --> 00:28:15,320 ♪ Oh, to remember ♪ 498 00:28:19,657 --> 00:28:22,035 ♪ I still want you to stay ♪ 499 00:28:24,621 --> 00:28:28,208 ♪ I still love you anyway ♪ 500 00:28:29,959 --> 00:28:32,671 ♪ I don't want you to ever leave ♪ 501 00:28:33,213 --> 00:28:38,051 ♪ Girl, you just satisfy me, oo-wee ♪ 502 00:28:38,134 --> 00:28:41,012 [Parker] We chose to go to the studio. 503 00:28:41,888 --> 00:28:46,476 We felt a need to be around each other, 504 00:28:46,518 --> 00:28:48,019 with each other. 505 00:28:48,103 --> 00:28:52,107 The death had taken so much out. 506 00:28:53,274 --> 00:28:54,693 So much out. 507 00:28:55,360 --> 00:28:58,196 We began to realize that Otis was quite a bit more 508 00:28:58,238 --> 00:29:01,491 than just a singer in our roster. 509 00:29:01,533 --> 00:29:04,119 He was really an emotional leader too. 510 00:29:06,329 --> 00:29:09,040 [song fades] 511 00:29:09,124 --> 00:29:11,793 Must have been a couple days gone by, 512 00:29:11,876 --> 00:29:14,045 I get a call from Atlantic Records. 513 00:29:14,129 --> 00:29:17,882 They said, "We need to put the record out with Otis." 514 00:29:17,966 --> 00:29:20,135 Jim Stewart came to me, "What do you have ready, Steve?" 515 00:29:20,176 --> 00:29:21,553 I said, "Nothing. 516 00:29:22,846 --> 00:29:25,807 Now, I can't go in and mix something on Otis now." 517 00:29:26,474 --> 00:29:27,892 He said, "You have to." 518 00:29:27,976 --> 00:29:31,354 ["(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay" playing] 519 00:29:31,896 --> 00:29:34,441 Mixed "Dock of the Bay" all night long. 520 00:29:35,900 --> 00:29:38,403 Hardest thing I ever had to do in my life. 521 00:29:41,114 --> 00:29:45,118 The next day, I handed it to a flight attendant. 522 00:29:46,077 --> 00:29:48,997 She hands it to a representative from Atlantic. 523 00:29:50,165 --> 00:29:52,625 We had records out almost immediately. 524 00:29:53,001 --> 00:29:56,713 ♪ Sittin' in the mornin' sun ♪ 525 00:29:57,297 --> 00:30:01,509 ♪ I'll be sittin' when the evening come ♪ 526 00:30:02,552 --> 00:30:05,930 ♪ Watching the ships roll in ♪ 527 00:30:06,389 --> 00:30:10,268 ♪ And then I watch 'em roll away again ♪ 528 00:30:10,310 --> 00:30:15,148 ♪ Yeah, I'm sittin' on the dock of the bay ♪ 529 00:30:15,231 --> 00:30:19,527 ♪ Watching the tide roll away ♪ 530 00:30:19,611 --> 00:30:24,616 ♪ Oh, I'm just sittin' on the dock of the bay ♪ 531 00:30:24,699 --> 00:30:28,661 ♪ Wastin' time ♪ 532 00:30:28,745 --> 00:30:29,954 [Bowman] "Dock of the Bay" 533 00:30:30,038 --> 00:30:31,915 was the first song of Otis Redding's 534 00:30:31,956 --> 00:30:34,959 that made it to the number one spot on the pop charts. 535 00:30:35,001 --> 00:30:37,212 ♪ Headed for the 'Frisco Bay... ♪ 536 00:30:37,295 --> 00:30:39,964 [Stewart] It was his first million seller, 537 00:30:40,006 --> 00:30:42,676 and he was unable to see that. 538 00:30:43,468 --> 00:30:47,305 ♪ ...And look like nothin's gonna come my way ♪ 539 00:30:47,347 --> 00:30:52,102 ♪ So I'm just gon' sit on the dock of the bay ♪ 540 00:30:52,477 --> 00:30:56,439 ♪ Watching the tide roll away... ♪ 541 00:30:56,481 --> 00:30:59,484 [Jones] There was a deep loneliness inside him, 542 00:31:00,652 --> 00:31:05,281 and that was one of the sources of these original songs. 543 00:31:08,535 --> 00:31:12,664 ♪ ...Look like nothing's gonna change ♪ 544 00:31:13,164 --> 00:31:15,667 ♪ Everything still remains the same... ♪ 545 00:31:15,750 --> 00:31:18,003 [Cropper] After I mixed that record... 546 00:31:19,004 --> 00:31:21,006 I just couldn't listen to it. 547 00:31:22,173 --> 00:31:24,134 Not mentally, not physically. 548 00:31:25,927 --> 00:31:29,514 [Redding whistling song melody] 549 00:31:29,597 --> 00:31:31,433 I never got over Otis. 550 00:31:34,019 --> 00:31:36,146 [whistle halts, echoes as it fades] 551 00:31:36,187 --> 00:31:38,356 [Redding, echoing] Let's do another one. 552 00:31:39,524 --> 00:31:46,197 The death of Otis Redding in December of 1967 553 00:31:47,282 --> 00:31:50,035 had an unbelievable impact. 554 00:31:51,661 --> 00:31:57,334 Then, we started having big problems in Memphis, Tennessee. 555 00:31:57,375 --> 00:32:01,379 [tense string notes plucked softly] 556 00:32:01,463 --> 00:32:03,048 [man 3] Some garbage men 557 00:32:03,089 --> 00:32:06,634 were working this white neighborhood. 558 00:32:07,469 --> 00:32:12,557 Back then, all of the sanitation workers were Black. 559 00:32:13,558 --> 00:32:19,314 All of the drivers were white, with no exception. 560 00:32:20,523 --> 00:32:22,609 It started to rain. 561 00:32:22,692 --> 00:32:26,154 [dramatic string music playing] 562 00:32:28,031 --> 00:32:29,282 There were two men 563 00:32:29,366 --> 00:32:32,535 that were sitting in the back of the truck. 564 00:32:34,662 --> 00:32:37,624 And while these two men were sitting in the back of the truck 565 00:32:37,707 --> 00:32:39,000 waiting on the rain to stop, 566 00:32:39,084 --> 00:32:41,503 they were crushed in the back of the truck 567 00:32:41,586 --> 00:32:43,046 by the compactor. 568 00:32:43,588 --> 00:32:47,550 People inside their houses could hear them screaming. 569 00:32:47,592 --> 00:32:50,303 [pattering softly] 570 00:32:53,890 --> 00:32:55,350 [Jones] As a young child, 571 00:32:55,433 --> 00:32:58,144 there wasn't a Saturday that my father didn't walk me out 572 00:32:58,228 --> 00:32:59,604 to say hello to the garbage workers 573 00:32:59,646 --> 00:33:03,108 as they came down the alley to pick up the cans. 574 00:33:03,191 --> 00:33:06,194 And so, when they started to get physically hurt, 575 00:33:06,277 --> 00:33:08,988 it became a big cause for concern 576 00:33:09,072 --> 00:33:11,157 in the African American community. 577 00:33:12,158 --> 00:33:15,578 ["Tupelo" by Albert King, Pops Staples, and Steve Cropper] 578 00:33:19,708 --> 00:33:22,460 [protestor] Sweep all the way down from London, 579 00:33:22,502 --> 00:33:23,962 all the way back. You understand? 580 00:33:24,004 --> 00:33:25,171 All right, lock arms, 581 00:33:25,255 --> 00:33:26,423 four of you on each side of the street 582 00:33:26,464 --> 00:33:28,299 and let's sweep it all the way down. 583 00:33:28,675 --> 00:33:31,094 ♪ Did you read about the flood? ♪ 584 00:33:32,512 --> 00:33:35,306 ♪ It happened a long time ago ♪ 585 00:33:37,308 --> 00:33:39,978 ♪ Way in a little country town ♪ 586 00:33:40,395 --> 00:33:42,647 ♪ It rained and it rained ♪ 587 00:33:44,774 --> 00:33:47,027 ♪ Listen, the people worried ♪ 588 00:33:48,486 --> 00:33:50,447 ♪ And they began to cry ♪ 589 00:33:52,198 --> 00:33:53,783 ♪ Lord, have mercy ♪ 590 00:33:55,285 --> 00:33:57,620 [man 4] As long as you continue to break the law 591 00:33:57,662 --> 00:34:00,373 and endanger the public health and welfare, 592 00:34:00,457 --> 00:34:03,710 there will be no further talk at any level of government. 593 00:34:03,793 --> 00:34:05,795 The minute the men go back to work, 594 00:34:05,837 --> 00:34:07,630 discussions will resume. 595 00:34:07,672 --> 00:34:11,176 [man 5] Loeb said that he wanted garbage 596 00:34:11,259 --> 00:34:14,012 to pile up as high as the apartments. 597 00:34:14,094 --> 00:34:16,014 Let's help him pile it up! 598 00:34:16,056 --> 00:34:17,681 [applause] 599 00:34:19,768 --> 00:34:22,062 [Bell] We just wanted respect and equal rights, 600 00:34:22,145 --> 00:34:23,355 but we didn't have it. 601 00:34:23,438 --> 00:34:25,065 And that's what the sanitation worker strike 602 00:34:25,148 --> 00:34:26,399 was all about: 603 00:34:26,483 --> 00:34:29,777 respect, fair employment, and equal rights. 604 00:34:30,277 --> 00:34:32,530 And it affected me and everybody else in Memphis, Tennessee, 605 00:34:32,572 --> 00:34:35,574 whether we were down there with the sanitation workers or not. 606 00:34:35,658 --> 00:34:37,327 ["Tupelo" continues] 607 00:34:37,369 --> 00:34:40,830 ♪ Mm-mmm, wasn't that a mighty time? ♪ 608 00:34:41,331 --> 00:34:43,416 [Porter] I supported every bit of the movement. 609 00:34:43,500 --> 00:34:45,377 I supported not only financially, 610 00:34:45,460 --> 00:34:47,379 but with my actions as well. 611 00:34:48,463 --> 00:34:51,174 [Cropper] When I'm watching the six o'clock news, 612 00:34:51,216 --> 00:34:54,928 and I'm seeing close buddies of mine carrying a sign, 613 00:34:55,387 --> 00:34:57,722 it's not that I was against it or anything, 614 00:34:57,806 --> 00:34:59,265 it was just a shock seeing it. 615 00:34:59,349 --> 00:35:02,227 Because there was no color at Stax. 616 00:35:04,688 --> 00:35:08,983 [Jones] There was too much ugly influence 617 00:35:09,025 --> 00:35:11,403 from the leadership in Memphis on that issue. 618 00:35:11,444 --> 00:35:13,697 It was just not something 619 00:35:13,738 --> 00:35:17,242 that you could be on the... on the other side of. 620 00:35:21,037 --> 00:35:22,789 [song fades] 621 00:35:22,872 --> 00:35:26,292 [Martin Luther King Jr] I cannot guarantee anybody that Memphis, 622 00:35:26,376 --> 00:35:28,795 or any other city in this country, 623 00:35:28,878 --> 00:35:30,255 will not have a riot this summer, 624 00:35:30,296 --> 00:35:34,259 if for no other reason than that our government 625 00:35:34,342 --> 00:35:35,677 has not done anything, 626 00:35:35,760 --> 00:35:38,972 and most white people have not done anything, 627 00:35:39,055 --> 00:35:41,349 about removing the conditions 628 00:35:41,433 --> 00:35:44,310 that brought riots into being last summer. 629 00:35:46,146 --> 00:35:49,399 [indistinct shouting] 630 00:35:55,071 --> 00:35:59,367 [tense string instrumentals playing] 631 00:36:03,955 --> 00:36:07,542 [shouting continues] 632 00:36:14,215 --> 00:36:17,260 [shouting continues] 633 00:36:19,262 --> 00:36:21,723 [reporter] Chaos has just broken out downtown. 634 00:36:27,145 --> 00:36:28,355 [echoing boom] 635 00:36:28,438 --> 00:36:29,564 That sound you just heard 636 00:36:29,647 --> 00:36:31,232 was the sound of the tear gas 637 00:36:31,316 --> 00:36:33,318 fired by a police officer. 638 00:36:36,654 --> 00:36:38,281 Tear gas burns. 639 00:36:38,323 --> 00:36:40,200 You know, wherever there's moisture on your skin, 640 00:36:40,283 --> 00:36:41,284 it burns. 641 00:36:41,326 --> 00:36:43,328 [shouting continues] 642 00:36:43,370 --> 00:36:45,497 [indistinct], son of a bitch! 643 00:36:45,538 --> 00:36:47,707 [indistinct] Get us outta here! 644 00:36:47,791 --> 00:36:49,668 Move it! Move! 645 00:36:50,543 --> 00:36:52,045 [Hayes] Police sicced dogs on us. 646 00:36:52,128 --> 00:36:53,630 They shot mace on us. 647 00:36:55,423 --> 00:36:57,926 [Hall] I was, like, 17. 648 00:36:58,009 --> 00:37:00,095 I didn't know anything about that kind of violence 649 00:37:00,178 --> 00:37:01,596 or that kind of hatred. 650 00:37:01,680 --> 00:37:04,349 I saw things that I never thought I'd see 651 00:37:05,100 --> 00:37:07,268 people do to each other. 652 00:37:10,397 --> 00:37:12,732 [Hayes] Good friend of mine named Joe... 653 00:37:14,484 --> 00:37:17,696 Joe was beat so bad. He was bloody. 654 00:37:18,113 --> 00:37:21,324 [tense instrumentals continue] 655 00:37:23,743 --> 00:37:27,497 They beat him so bad he... he has brain damage now. 656 00:37:29,082 --> 00:37:32,377 This movement has got to insist 657 00:37:33,336 --> 00:37:36,214 that no matter what white citizens, 658 00:37:36,297 --> 00:37:38,675 or some white citizens might say, 659 00:37:38,717 --> 00:37:42,387 we know what police brutality and harassment means, 660 00:37:42,470 --> 00:37:43,847 and we are through with it, 661 00:37:43,888 --> 00:37:47,058 and we want to see it end once and for all. 662 00:37:47,142 --> 00:37:49,394 [cheering, shouting] 663 00:37:52,063 --> 00:37:54,482 [music fades] 664 00:37:56,234 --> 00:37:57,819 [Walter Cronkite] Dr. Martin Luther King 665 00:37:57,902 --> 00:38:00,030 returned to Memphis, determined to lead 666 00:38:00,071 --> 00:38:01,573 a peaceful mass march 667 00:38:01,656 --> 00:38:04,117 in support of striking sanitation workers, 668 00:38:04,200 --> 00:38:05,910 most of whom are Negroes. 669 00:38:06,453 --> 00:38:07,746 [man 6] On April the third, 670 00:38:07,829 --> 00:38:09,831 Al said, "Doc's coming into the airport." 671 00:38:09,914 --> 00:38:11,041 He said, "Would you mind? 672 00:38:11,082 --> 00:38:12,792 Several people at Stax are gonna 673 00:38:12,876 --> 00:38:15,628 go to the airport and carry bags and do whatever is needed." 674 00:38:15,712 --> 00:38:17,756 And I said, "Well, sure. Why not?" 675 00:38:17,797 --> 00:38:19,341 On the way out the door, I thought, 676 00:38:19,424 --> 00:38:21,926 and I just grabbed a Nikon camera. 677 00:38:23,094 --> 00:38:25,138 And I get down one of the concourses, 678 00:38:25,221 --> 00:38:30,935 and here comes Jesse Jackson, Ralph Abernathy, and Dr. King. 679 00:38:32,270 --> 00:38:35,732 Seeing him in person, there was an aura. 680 00:38:37,108 --> 00:38:38,443 I start taking some pictures. 681 00:38:38,485 --> 00:38:42,655 [camera shutter snapping] 682 00:38:44,282 --> 00:38:47,118 And then I drove them to the Lorraine Motel. 683 00:38:48,912 --> 00:38:51,790 That's where a lot of Stax people would hang out. 684 00:38:52,290 --> 00:38:55,585 [peaceful, lilting violin music playing] 685 00:38:56,252 --> 00:38:58,963 [Jones] For Stax, it was our second home. 686 00:39:00,256 --> 00:39:02,759 If I wanted to find Steve Cropper, 687 00:39:02,801 --> 00:39:03,927 Isaac, 688 00:39:04,302 --> 00:39:05,553 Al Jackson, 689 00:39:05,637 --> 00:39:07,389 well, I went to the Lorraine. 690 00:39:08,723 --> 00:39:12,477 In Memphis, it was the only place outside of Stax 691 00:39:12,560 --> 00:39:15,355 that whites and Blacks could socialize. 692 00:39:16,940 --> 00:39:18,983 It was an oasis for us. 693 00:39:19,734 --> 00:39:21,152 [music fades] 694 00:39:21,194 --> 00:39:24,572 [thunder crackling, rumbling] 695 00:39:28,993 --> 00:39:31,913 [pattering loudly] 696 00:39:33,081 --> 00:39:37,168 [Abernathy] The Moses of 1968, 697 00:39:37,252 --> 00:39:39,087 Martin Luther King. 698 00:39:40,338 --> 00:39:43,174 [Manning] April third night, he had a speech. 699 00:39:45,510 --> 00:39:48,346 So I went there, and got in a side door, 700 00:39:48,430 --> 00:39:50,473 and was up right near the podium. 701 00:39:51,016 --> 00:39:52,600 [thunder booming] 702 00:39:52,684 --> 00:39:55,353 And there's thunder and lightning outside. 703 00:39:55,437 --> 00:39:58,356 A big storm came, raining like crazy. 704 00:39:58,857 --> 00:40:01,818 [King] Well, I don't know what will happen now. 705 00:40:02,193 --> 00:40:04,612 We've got some difficult days ahead. 706 00:40:06,031 --> 00:40:08,658 But it really doesn't matter with me now 707 00:40:08,700 --> 00:40:11,036 because I've been to the mountaintop. 708 00:40:11,119 --> 00:40:12,620 [cheering] 709 00:40:12,704 --> 00:40:15,623 [Manning] He was just so vibrant and brilliant. 710 00:40:15,707 --> 00:40:19,294 And I have seen the promised land. 711 00:40:19,377 --> 00:40:20,462 [crowd shouting] 712 00:40:20,545 --> 00:40:22,672 I may not get there with you, 713 00:40:23,340 --> 00:40:25,550 but I want you to know tonight 714 00:40:26,009 --> 00:40:30,305 that we as a people will get to the promised land! 715 00:40:30,388 --> 00:40:34,184 -[cheering] -[thunder rumbling] 716 00:40:36,019 --> 00:40:39,647 So I'm happy tonight. I'm not worried about anything. 717 00:40:39,731 --> 00:40:41,941 I'm not fearing any man! 718 00:40:42,025 --> 00:40:46,279 Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord! 719 00:40:46,363 --> 00:40:49,074 -[cheering] -[thunder booming] 720 00:40:53,370 --> 00:40:55,163 [crowd noise fades] 721 00:40:56,414 --> 00:40:59,459 [train horn blows in distance] 722 00:40:59,542 --> 00:41:02,587 [birds chirping] 723 00:41:02,629 --> 00:41:05,131 [traffic humming] 724 00:41:07,509 --> 00:41:10,387 [Hall] My mother, she was attending this cafe, 725 00:41:10,428 --> 00:41:12,597 and they were getting ready to close. 726 00:41:12,681 --> 00:41:14,766 My uncle and I went to pick her up. 727 00:41:14,808 --> 00:41:17,769 We parked in front of the building on Calhoun. 728 00:41:17,852 --> 00:41:21,231 When we got out of the car, I heard this "pow," 729 00:41:21,690 --> 00:41:25,443 and I said, "Wow, that's truck backfire, huh?" 730 00:41:25,485 --> 00:41:27,153 My uncle, who had been in the Navy, 731 00:41:27,237 --> 00:41:29,572 he said, "No, that's a gunshot." 732 00:41:29,614 --> 00:41:31,533 [siren wailing] 733 00:41:31,616 --> 00:41:33,451 [Parker] I'm driving along. 734 00:41:33,493 --> 00:41:35,370 The wind is high. 735 00:41:35,453 --> 00:41:38,164 It's like we're having these whirlwinds, 736 00:41:38,248 --> 00:41:41,084 these, in the street, and the paper's swirling. 737 00:41:41,584 --> 00:41:43,628 And I'm listening to the radio. 738 00:41:43,962 --> 00:41:47,215 "Dr. King has been shot at the Lorraine Motel." 739 00:41:48,383 --> 00:41:51,970 Dr. King was standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Hotel 740 00:41:52,012 --> 00:41:54,389 on the second floor when a single shot 741 00:41:54,472 --> 00:41:55,974 came from across the street. 742 00:41:56,057 --> 00:41:59,144 He was in Memphis in support of striking garbage men there. 743 00:41:59,227 --> 00:42:00,603 [Jones] It was our place. 744 00:42:00,645 --> 00:42:04,107 [grim, unsettling music playing] 745 00:42:04,149 --> 00:42:06,192 Home away from home. 746 00:42:11,448 --> 00:42:14,826 We were just devastated. 747 00:42:17,912 --> 00:42:21,666 Yesterday, in our staff meeting that we held, uh... 748 00:42:21,708 --> 00:42:25,086 uh, he was challenging the staff to remain non-violent. 749 00:42:25,170 --> 00:42:27,422 Not because we were afraid, as they so often say, 750 00:42:27,505 --> 00:42:29,299 but because we're living in a sick world. 751 00:42:29,341 --> 00:42:31,926 And the pathology and the sickness 752 00:42:32,010 --> 00:42:34,804 and the neurosis of... of Memphis, 753 00:42:34,846 --> 00:42:37,849 and of this racist society in which we live, 754 00:42:37,932 --> 00:42:40,352 is that that really pulled the trigger. 755 00:42:40,435 --> 00:42:41,811 Um... 756 00:42:42,437 --> 00:42:43,897 God knows this is the most tragic thing 757 00:42:43,980 --> 00:42:45,857 that has ever happened in... in my life. 758 00:42:45,940 --> 00:42:48,818 To some extent, Dr. King has been a buffer the last two years 759 00:42:48,860 --> 00:42:51,446 between the Black community and the white community. 760 00:42:51,529 --> 00:42:52,739 The white people do not know it, 761 00:42:52,822 --> 00:42:55,825 but the white people's best friend is dead. 762 00:42:55,867 --> 00:43:00,330 Uh, the Black people's leader, our Moses, 763 00:43:00,413 --> 00:43:03,500 the once in a 400- or 500-year leader 764 00:43:03,583 --> 00:43:05,710 has been taken from us by hatred and bitterness. 765 00:43:05,752 --> 00:43:09,130 [solemn music playing] 766 00:43:13,051 --> 00:43:14,678 [Jones] At Stax, 767 00:43:15,845 --> 00:43:20,100 no one talked about Dr. King's assassination. 768 00:43:22,227 --> 00:43:27,857 I started to, deep down, feel that something was amiss. 769 00:43:30,902 --> 00:43:32,737 They didn't understand my daily life 770 00:43:32,821 --> 00:43:35,073 as a Black person in Memphis. 771 00:43:36,616 --> 00:43:38,993 I don't think they knew our world. 772 00:43:40,829 --> 00:43:42,330 They never talked about it. 773 00:43:42,414 --> 00:43:45,792 If they... if they felt that way, the way they do now, 774 00:43:45,875 --> 00:43:47,919 why didn't they say something then? 775 00:43:49,087 --> 00:43:51,881 [Jones] The close relationship that we had in the studio 776 00:43:51,923 --> 00:43:54,217 didn't happen outside of the studio, 777 00:43:54,926 --> 00:43:58,179 so I didn't feel comfortable bringing up those subjects 778 00:43:58,263 --> 00:43:59,764 with the band. 779 00:44:01,391 --> 00:44:03,393 Something is wrong at home. 780 00:44:05,437 --> 00:44:06,646 We're saying this can be done. 781 00:44:06,730 --> 00:44:08,773 Whites and Blacks can work together 782 00:44:08,857 --> 00:44:11,901 in pure total harmony with music, 783 00:44:11,943 --> 00:44:13,653 and it can have the essence 784 00:44:13,737 --> 00:44:15,697 that you can take and not worry about it, 785 00:44:15,780 --> 00:44:18,366 and love these songs, and have a good time, 786 00:44:18,450 --> 00:44:22,954 and live your life, and have no misgivings whatsoever. 787 00:44:23,455 --> 00:44:26,124 And that was not the truth. 788 00:44:29,461 --> 00:44:33,965 [Bell] The season and the time that we were living in... 789 00:44:34,466 --> 00:44:37,635 it was hard, and it was real. 790 00:44:37,677 --> 00:44:44,100 I handled it inside as best as I could. 791 00:44:44,142 --> 00:44:49,356 I tried to retain, you know, looking like a regular fella. 792 00:44:49,439 --> 00:44:51,566 And... [laughs] Whew! 793 00:44:51,649 --> 00:44:53,151 [laughs] I tried. 794 00:44:53,234 --> 00:44:55,653 I don't know how I came off, but I tried. 795 00:44:55,737 --> 00:45:00,325 Uh, so this is April 1968. 796 00:45:01,159 --> 00:45:04,120 In mid-May 1968, 797 00:45:05,413 --> 00:45:09,501 Atlantic Records decided to merge 798 00:45:09,584 --> 00:45:11,878 with Warner and Elektra, 799 00:45:12,921 --> 00:45:16,841 and they would no longer be distributing Stax Records. 800 00:45:16,925 --> 00:45:19,594 And, to our shock, we learned that 801 00:45:19,678 --> 00:45:21,012 as a result of the agreement 802 00:45:21,054 --> 00:45:22,889 between Jim Stewart and Jerry Wexler, 803 00:45:22,972 --> 00:45:26,518 all of our music that had been released in the marketplace 804 00:45:27,268 --> 00:45:29,854 were the property of Atlantic Records. 805 00:45:29,896 --> 00:45:32,857 [solemn music continues] 806 00:45:33,858 --> 00:45:37,112 [Bowman] Jim Stewart signed a very bad contract. 807 00:45:38,947 --> 00:45:41,866 The original Stax agreement with Atlantic 808 00:45:41,950 --> 00:45:43,702 was a handshake deal. 809 00:45:44,035 --> 00:45:47,497 But in 1965, Jerry Wexler said, 810 00:45:47,539 --> 00:45:52,335 "We're looking to sell Atlantic, and you're not protected. 811 00:45:52,877 --> 00:45:55,255 We should draw up a formal contract." 812 00:45:56,923 --> 00:45:58,508 Jim didn't read it. 813 00:45:59,801 --> 00:46:02,220 And this gave Atlantic the rights in perpetuity, 814 00:46:02,303 --> 00:46:04,347 forever, 815 00:46:04,389 --> 00:46:08,059 to about 97% of Stax's catalog. 816 00:46:09,269 --> 00:46:14,149 And they lost Sam and Dave because Stax did not own their contract. 817 00:46:15,358 --> 00:46:19,404 For Jim Stewart, your word was your bond. 818 00:46:21,906 --> 00:46:25,035 For Jerry Wexler, it was dog-eat-dog. 819 00:46:25,493 --> 00:46:28,913 Get stuff in contracts, own everything you can. 820 00:46:28,955 --> 00:46:32,417 Bigger fish swallowing smaller fish. 821 00:46:32,834 --> 00:46:36,087 New York company screwing a Memphis company. 822 00:46:39,257 --> 00:46:41,092 [Parker] In order to be a record company, 823 00:46:41,176 --> 00:46:43,386 you have to have a catalog... 824 00:46:44,929 --> 00:46:46,806 and they wiped us out. 825 00:46:48,683 --> 00:46:50,435 [Bell] Sam and Dave gone. 826 00:46:50,518 --> 00:46:52,103 Otis Redding gone. 827 00:46:52,645 --> 00:46:53,938 No catalogs. 828 00:46:54,773 --> 00:46:56,441 Stax is dead. 829 00:46:57,359 --> 00:46:58,777 [music fades] 830 00:46:58,818 --> 00:47:00,278 Stax is dead. 831 00:47:00,987 --> 00:47:06,951 ["Send Peace and Harmony Home" by Shirley Walton playing] 832 00:47:11,414 --> 00:47:15,752 ♪ Last time I saw peace and harmony ♪ 833 00:47:15,794 --> 00:47:21,132 ♪ They were headed down your way ♪ 834 00:47:21,216 --> 00:47:26,304 ♪ Won't you please turn them around ♪ 835 00:47:26,346 --> 00:47:32,560 ♪ And send them straight on back to me ♪ 836 00:47:32,644 --> 00:47:37,649 ♪ Winding, winding road ♪ 837 00:47:37,732 --> 00:47:42,779 ♪ Send peace and harmony home ♪ 838 00:47:42,821 --> 00:47:47,283 ♪ Is it a world situation ♪ 839 00:47:47,325 --> 00:47:52,956 ♪ Or tell me, road, is it me? ♪ 840 00:47:52,997 --> 00:47:57,794 ♪ You know you, you hold the answer ♪ 841 00:47:57,836 --> 00:48:03,508 ♪ Tell me, road, where can they be? ♪ 842 00:48:03,842 --> 00:48:09,055 ♪ Winding, winding road ♪ 843 00:48:09,139 --> 00:48:13,727 ♪ Send peace and harmony home ♪ 844 00:48:14,310 --> 00:48:19,065 ♪ Winding, winding road ♪ 845 00:48:19,691 --> 00:48:24,112 ♪ They've been gone too long ♪ 846 00:48:24,863 --> 00:48:29,200 ♪ Tell me, what did we do wrong? ♪ 847 00:48:29,284 --> 00:48:33,872 ♪ Seems like all the love is gone ♪ 848 00:48:34,497 --> 00:48:39,627 ♪ Please help man to see the light ♪ 849 00:48:39,711 --> 00:48:44,924 ♪ Send them back, make things all right ♪ 850 00:48:45,300 --> 00:48:50,013 ♪ Winding, winding road ♪ 851 00:48:50,638 --> 00:48:55,060 ♪ Send peace and happiness home ♪ 852 00:48:55,977 --> 00:49:00,190 ♪ Winding, winding road ♪ 853 00:49:00,231 --> 00:49:06,071 ♪ Oh yes, they've been gone too long ♪ 854 00:49:08,865 --> 00:49:12,077 ["Send Peace and Harmony Home" continues] 855 00:49:14,245 --> 00:49:17,791 ♪ Winding, winding road... ♪ 856 00:49:17,874 --> 00:49:19,417 [song fades]