1
00:00:16,916 --> 00:00:18,735
[Moncel Durden]

2
00:00:16,916 --> 00:00:20,553
<i>to think about something.</i>

3
00:00:18,736 --> 00:00:20,553
<i>All right. So, I want y'all</i>

4
00:00:20,653 --> 00:00:22,072
<i>Think to yourself,</i>

5
00:00:22,073 --> 00:00:23,490
<i>what is the first sound,</i>

6
00:00:23,556 --> 00:00:25,308
<i>song, rhythmic structure</i>

7
00:00:25,309 --> 00:00:27,060
<i>that I can remember?</i>

8
00:00:28,361 --> 00:00:31,197
[heartbeat pumping]

9
00:00:32,699 --> 00:00:33,734
<i>You're hearing</i>

10
00:00:33,735 --> 00:00:34,768
<i>the heartbeat.</i>

11
00:00:34,868 --> 00:00:36,703
<i>You are getting rhythm.</i>

12
00:00:38,038 --> 00:00:39,406
<i>You get accustomed</i>

13
00:00:39,407 --> 00:00:40,774
<i>to sounds</i>

14
00:00:40,874 --> 00:00:42,842
<i>- and the rhythm patterns
- Of those sounds.</i>

15
00:00:42,909 --> 00:00:45,278
<i>- And so you are
- Passing down information.</i>

16
00:00:45,378 --> 00:00:47,614
<i>- Before you're even here,
- That memory</i>

17
00:00:47,714 --> 00:00:48,915
<i>is coming from</i>

18
00:00:48,916 --> 00:00:50,116
<i>mother to child.</i>

19
00:00:50,216 --> 00:00:51,951
<i>- So, we're getting
- This information</i>

20
00:00:52,052 --> 00:00:53,420
<i>and we're growing up with it</i>

21
00:00:53,421 --> 00:00:54,788
<i>and it just makes sense.</i>

22
00:00:54,888 --> 00:00:56,923
<i>- We might not
- Be able to explain it,</i>

23
00:00:57,023 --> 00:00:58,241
<i>but that way of</i>

24
00:00:58,242 --> 00:00:59,459
<i>moving a body,</i>

25
00:00:59,559 --> 00:01:01,228
<i>this is how the people</i>

26
00:01:01,229 --> 00:01:02,896
<i>in my community move.</i>

27
00:01:02,962 --> 00:01:04,197
So when I start dancing,

28
00:01:04,198 --> 00:01:05,432
I'm right there with you.

29
00:01:05,532 --> 00:01:07,534
- You don't have to teach me
- How to do a dance.

30
00:01:07,600 --> 00:01:09,102
It's in my blood.

31
00:01:09,103 --> 00:01:10,603
It's in my community.

32
00:01:10,703 --> 00:01:11,703
I just do it.

33
00:01:11,738 --> 00:01:13,156
[upbeat drum

34
00:01:13,157 --> 00:01:14,574
[theme playing]

35
00:01:19,579 --> 00:01:21,948
[Debbie Allen]<i> I view dance</i>

36
00:01:21,949 --> 00:01:24,317
<i>as the original art form.</i>

37
00:01:24,417 --> 00:01:25,852
Man was standing his feet

38
00:01:25,853 --> 00:01:27,287
upon the planet,

39
00:01:27,387 --> 00:01:28,822
leaping, spinning.

40
00:01:28,922 --> 00:01:30,674
Before we could write,

41
00:01:30,675 --> 00:01:32,425
before we could even talk,

42
00:01:32,492 --> 00:01:34,627
we were dancing.

43
00:01:34,727 --> 00:01:36,529
[Saleemah Knight]<i> Jazz dance,</i>

44
00:01:36,530 --> 00:01:38,331
<i>it's the way that we live,</i>

45
00:01:38,431 --> 00:01:39,616
<i>breathe, and speak</i>

46
00:01:39,617 --> 00:01:40,800
<i>on a daily basis.</i>

47
00:01:40,900 --> 00:01:42,502
<i>It's a conversation.</i>

48
00:01:42,602 --> 00:01:44,280
- It's about seeing
- The people around you

49
00:01:44,304 --> 00:01:45,322
and really feeling,

50
00:01:45,323 --> 00:01:46,339
with empathy,

51
00:01:46,439 --> 00:01:47,457
<i>who those people are</i>

52
00:01:47,458 --> 00:01:48,475
<i>and understanding</i>

53
00:01:48,575 --> 00:01:49,659
<i>how you relate to them</i>

54
00:01:49,660 --> 00:01:50,743
<i>through movement.</i>

55
00:01:53,980 --> 00:01:55,498
[Melanie George]<i> If jazz is</i>

56
00:01:55,499 --> 00:01:57,016
<i>about humanity, and it is,</i>

57
00:01:57,117 --> 00:01:58,268
<i>there are</i>

58
00:01:58,269 --> 00:01:59,419
<i>infinite ways of being,</i>

59
00:01:59,486 --> 00:02:01,206
<i>- and we should be allowed
- To move through</i>

60
00:02:01,287 --> 00:02:02,305
<i>all of those spaces</i>

61
00:02:02,306 --> 00:02:03,323
<i>and claim jazz.</i>

62
00:02:03,423 --> 00:02:05,758
<i>- The one thing that
- I ask of every single person</i>

63
00:02:05,825 --> 00:02:06,926
<i>when they're working</i>

64
00:02:06,927 --> 00:02:08,027
<i>with this material is,</i>

65
00:02:08,127 --> 00:02:09,796
<i>- say where you got
- This stuff from,</i>

66
00:02:09,863 --> 00:02:11,030
<i>and if you're not sure,</i>

67
00:02:11,131 --> 00:02:12,966
<i>- investigate
- And do the research.</i>

68
00:02:13,032 --> 00:02:14,643
<i>- In the same way
- That no one owns jazz,</i>

69
00:02:14,667 --> 00:02:16,669
<i>- no one's
- Really making up anything</i>

70
00:02:16,769 --> 00:02:18,638
that didn't come from someplace.

71
00:02:20,473 --> 00:02:21,675
<i>A part of why our history</i>

72
00:02:21,676 --> 00:02:22,876
<i>is not understood</i>

73
00:02:22,976 --> 00:02:24,377
<i>- is because we
- Don't attribute</i>

74
00:02:24,477 --> 00:02:26,546
<i>- and we don't call back
- To what came before.</i>

75
00:02:26,646 --> 00:02:27,998
<i>We are always steeped in,</i>

76
00:02:27,999 --> 00:02:29,349
<i>like, now and there.</i>

77
00:02:29,449 --> 00:02:31,184
<i>Like, what's beyond?</i>

78
00:02:32,852 --> 00:02:34,487
The history allowed us

79
00:02:34,488 --> 00:02:36,122
to get to now,

80
00:02:36,189 --> 00:02:37,440
so it's our responsibility

81
00:02:37,441 --> 00:02:38,691
to the form

82
00:02:38,791 --> 00:02:40,693
- to attribute
- Where stuff comes from.

83
00:02:55,341 --> 00:02:59,179
[Julie Andrews' "Le Jazz Hot"]

84
00:03:06,486 --> 00:03:08,054
<i>

85
00:03:08,154 --> 00:03:09,939
<i>

86
00:03:09,940 --> 00:03:11,724
<i>New Orleans

87
00:03:14,327 --> 00:03:16,229
<i>

88
00:03:16,329 --> 00:03:19,032
<i>

89
00:03:19,033 --> 00:03:21,734
<i>kind of music

90
00:03:21,834 --> 00:03:23,970
<i>

91
00:03:23,971 --> 00:03:26,105
<i>To call it

92
00:03:26,206 --> 00:03:28,341
<i>

93
00:03:37,350 --> 00:03:39,185
<i>

94
00:03:39,186 --> 00:03:41,020
<i>you play me

95
00:03:41,087 --> 00:03:43,289
<i>

96
00:03:43,389 --> 00:03:45,158
<i>

97
00:03:45,159 --> 00:03:46,926
<i>let it end

98
00:03:49,028 --> 00:03:50,463
<i>

99
00:03:50,563 --> 00:03:52,632
<i>-
- To hear

100
00:03:52,732 --> 00:03:54,767
-People all over the world
- Love jazz dance.

101
00:03:54,867 --> 00:03:56,169
They just don't realize

102
00:03:56,170 --> 00:03:57,470
that they love jazz dance.

103
00:03:57,570 --> 00:03:59,639
-It is very hard
- To define what jazz is.

104
00:03:59,739 --> 00:04:01,708
-But then when you see it,
- You see it.

105
00:04:01,774 --> 00:04:03,142
Liz Thompson used to say,

106
00:04:03,243 --> 00:04:04,861
"Jazz dance

107
00:04:04,862 --> 00:04:06,479
is dance's bastard child."

108
00:04:06,579 --> 00:04:07,897
And if I can't say that

109
00:04:07,898 --> 00:04:09,215
on camera,

110
00:04:09,282 --> 00:04:11,985
- jazz dance is the illegitimate
- Child of dance.

111
00:04:12,085 --> 00:04:13,987
<i>

112
00:04:14,087 --> 00:04:15,888
<i>

113
00:04:15,955 --> 00:04:18,057
[George]<i> I don't know what's</i>

114
00:04:18,058 --> 00:04:20,159
<i>more American than jazz.</i>

115
00:04:20,260 --> 00:04:22,045
Enslaved culture,

116
00:04:22,046 --> 00:04:23,830
migratory culture,

117
00:04:23,930 --> 00:04:25,298
indigenous culture

118
00:04:25,299 --> 00:04:26,666
can be found in jazz.

119
00:04:26,766 --> 00:04:28,901
It's such a Hodge-podge,

120
00:04:28,968 --> 00:04:31,170
-a ragout
- Of lots of different things

121
00:04:31,271 --> 00:04:32,505
that came into the pot.

122
00:04:32,605 --> 00:04:34,140
<i>And so,</i>

123
00:04:34,141 --> 00:04:35,675
<i>in that very American way,</i>

124
00:04:35,775 --> 00:04:37,727
<i>we sort of steal from</i>

125
00:04:35,775 --> 00:04:39,679
<i>new.</i>

126
00:04:37,728 --> 00:04:39,679
<i>everybody and find something</i>

127
00:04:41,114 --> 00:04:42,766
When people speak,

128
00:04:42,767 --> 00:04:44,417
they tend to lie about things

129
00:04:44,484 --> 00:04:46,252
and dance is honest.

130
00:04:46,319 --> 00:04:48,988
-It's all
- The backgrounds of everybody

131
00:04:49,088 --> 00:04:50,139
and it's really

132
00:04:50,140 --> 00:04:51,190
what they feel

133
00:04:51,291 --> 00:04:52,601
-in their heart
- And their soul.

134
00:04:52,625 --> 00:04:54,077
Jazz has a heartbeat

135
00:04:54,078 --> 00:04:55,528
and a rhythm

136
00:04:55,628 --> 00:04:56,929
that makes people move

137
00:04:56,996 --> 00:04:59,048
very differently

138
00:04:59,049 --> 00:05:01,100
from any other dance form.

139
00:05:01,167 --> 00:05:03,002
Jazz is inspired

140
00:05:03,003 --> 00:05:04,837
by the rituals, the rhythms,

141
00:05:04,937 --> 00:05:06,556
the sounds, the earth,

142
00:05:06,557 --> 00:05:08,174
the community.

143
00:05:08,274 --> 00:05:09,943
What was happening with

144
00:05:08,274 --> 00:05:11,611
music

145
00:05:09,944 --> 00:05:11,611
dance, with jazz, dance, and

146
00:05:11,678 --> 00:05:13,230
here in this country

147
00:05:11,678 --> 00:05:14,781
what was happening

148
00:05:13,231 --> 00:05:14,781
was actually mirroring

149
00:05:14,847 --> 00:05:16,716
-in the country
- Historically, politically.

150
00:05:16,816 --> 00:05:18,484
Jazz is always political

151
00:05:18,551 --> 00:05:20,203
because it's imagining

152
00:05:20,204 --> 00:05:21,854
a future that we could share.

153
00:05:21,954 --> 00:05:23,523
-And how great
- Could that be?

154
00:05:25,491 --> 00:05:29,896
<i>

155
00:05:29,996 --> 00:05:33,633
[men vocalizing]

156
00:05:33,700 --> 00:05:38,004
<i>

157
00:05:39,038 --> 00:05:41,874
<i>

158
00:05:41,974 --> 00:05:44,093
[Durden]<i> The culture of dance</i>

159
00:05:44,094 --> 00:05:46,212
<i>is deeply embedded</i>

160
00:05:46,312 --> 00:05:48,248
<i>in Afro-diasporic people,</i>

161
00:05:48,249 --> 00:05:50,183
<i>deeply embedded.</i>

162
00:05:52,518 --> 00:05:54,504
<i>We dance even</i>

163
00:05:54,505 --> 00:05:56,489
<i>if there's no performance.</i>

164
00:05:58,491 --> 00:06:00,760
It's just in us to dance.

165
00:06:00,860 --> 00:06:02,395
It's emotionally freeing.

166
00:06:02,495 --> 00:06:04,397
-It's how we deal
- With day-to-day life.

167
00:06:04,497 --> 00:06:06,432
-It's how we express
- Our self through joy,

168
00:06:06,532 --> 00:06:07,817
through sorrow,

169
00:06:07,818 --> 00:06:09,102
through pain.

170
00:06:09,202 --> 00:06:11,437
<i>

171
00:06:13,373 --> 00:06:16,109
<i>

172
00:06:16,209 --> 00:06:18,395
[Lindsay Guarino]

173
00:06:16,209 --> 00:06:20,580
<i>the way that racism</i>

174
00:06:18,396 --> 00:06:20,580
<i>You can't dismiss</i>

175
00:06:20,680 --> 00:06:23,516
<i>has impacted jazz dance.</i>

176
00:06:23,583 --> 00:06:24,917
<i>The greatest misfortune</i>

177
00:06:25,017 --> 00:06:26,753
<i>- that I see today
- In jazz dance</i>

178
00:06:26,853 --> 00:06:29,255
-is that a lot of the times
- The roots aren't acknowledged,

179
00:06:29,355 --> 00:06:30,406
and a lot of people

180
00:06:30,407 --> 00:06:31,457
don't even know that

181
00:06:31,557 --> 00:06:33,376
the movement they're doing

182
00:06:33,377 --> 00:06:35,194
is stemming from that place.

183
00:06:38,564 --> 00:06:40,516
The atrocities that a lot

184
00:06:40,517 --> 00:06:42,468
of our ancestors had to face,

185
00:06:42,568 --> 00:06:44,003
they put into their dance,

186
00:06:44,004 --> 00:06:45,438
into their music.

187
00:06:45,538 --> 00:06:47,207
<i>They expressed</i>

188
00:06:45,538 --> 00:06:48,875
<i>tension</i>

189
00:06:47,208 --> 00:06:48,875
<i>themselves and released their</i>

190
00:06:48,941 --> 00:06:50,126
<i>and their stress</i>

191
00:06:50,127 --> 00:06:51,310
<i>through their art.</i>

192
00:06:52,879 --> 00:06:54,180
<i>If they didn't have</i>

193
00:06:54,181 --> 00:06:55,481
<i>these outlets, man,</i>

194
00:06:55,581 --> 00:06:57,266
<i>I don't know</i>

195
00:06:57,267 --> 00:06:58,951
<i>if they would've survived.</i>

196
00:07:00,286 --> 00:07:03,990
<i>

197
00:07:04,090 --> 00:07:08,461
<i>

198
00:07:08,561 --> 00:07:10,096
[Knight]<i> We never start</i>

199
00:07:08,561 --> 00:07:11,631
<i>slavery.</i>

200
00:07:10,097 --> 00:07:11,631
<i>African or Latin history at</i>

201
00:07:11,731 --> 00:07:14,100
<i>- We start before that. So we
- Look at what was going on</i>

202
00:07:14,167 --> 00:07:15,251
<i>in those countries</i>

203
00:07:15,252 --> 00:07:16,335
<i>or on those continents</i>

204
00:07:16,436 --> 00:07:17,504
<i>before it was</i>

205
00:07:17,505 --> 00:07:18,571
<i>interrupted.</i>

206
00:07:18,638 --> 00:07:20,356
<i>So, when we're looking at</i>

207
00:07:20,357 --> 00:07:22,074
<i>the lineage of jazz dance,</i>

208
00:07:22,141 --> 00:07:24,844
-we take the Juba and the Shika
- Dances of the Nigerian peoples

209
00:07:24,944 --> 00:07:26,913
-and we bring that
- To the United States

210
00:07:26,979 --> 00:07:29,582
-by way of
- The transatlantic slave trade.

211
00:07:38,758 --> 00:07:40,636
- [DeFrantz]<i> That's part of</i>
<i>- What the Middle Passage did</i>

212
00:07:40,660 --> 00:07:42,695
<i>- that's quite different
- Than how the dances</i>

213
00:07:42,795 --> 00:07:44,697
<i>- might have developed
- On the continent</i>

214
00:07:44,797 --> 00:07:46,432
<i>- because there's
- So tiny room</i>

215
00:07:46,499 --> 00:07:48,251
<i>for Black Americans</i>

216
00:07:48,252 --> 00:07:50,002
<i>to maneuver socially</i>

217
00:07:50,102 --> 00:07:51,737
<i>that the embodied movement</i>

218
00:07:51,738 --> 00:07:53,372
<i>that becomes jazz</i>

219
00:07:53,473 --> 00:07:56,509
<i>takes on that much more</i>

220
00:07:53,473 --> 00:07:59,545
<i>urgency.</i>

221
00:07:56,510 --> 00:07:59,545
<i>potential, possibility,</i>

222
00:08:03,649 --> 00:08:04,884
- [Knight]<i> So,</i>
<i>- We arrive here</i>

223
00:08:04,984 --> 00:08:06,953
<i>- and we've got
- This automatic sense</i>

224
00:08:07,019 --> 00:08:08,704
of percussiveness in the body

225
00:08:08,705 --> 00:08:10,389
and how important that became

226
00:08:10,490 --> 00:08:12,570
- when you're also
- Thinking about a group of people

227
00:08:12,625 --> 00:08:14,577
whose cultural practices

228
00:08:14,578 --> 00:08:16,529
were taken away from them.

229
00:08:16,629 --> 00:08:18,564
<i>- Now you're just who you are
- As a person,</i>

230
00:08:18,664 --> 00:08:20,032
<i>devoid of what</i>

231
00:08:20,033 --> 00:08:21,400
<i>your once identity was</i>

232
00:08:21,501 --> 00:08:23,469
<i>in your original country.</i>

233
00:08:28,508 --> 00:08:30,409
- [Michael Blake]
- <i>For slaves,</i>

234
00:08:30,510 --> 00:08:32,429
their dance and their music

235
00:08:30,510 --> 00:08:34,347
for themselves.

236
00:08:32,430 --> 00:08:34,347
was all they owned

237
00:08:39,719 --> 00:08:41,037
[Dr. George Faison]<i> It</i>

238
00:08:41,038 --> 00:08:42,355
<i>could reach the hypnotic</i>

239
00:08:42,421 --> 00:08:45,341
<i>level of releasing them</i>

240
00:08:45,342 --> 00:08:48,261
<i>to that other place</i>

241
00:08:48,361 --> 00:08:50,162
where they weren't slaves,

242
00:08:50,229 --> 00:08:52,448
where they...

243
00:08:52,449 --> 00:08:54,667
they were free.

244
00:08:58,371 --> 00:09:00,439
[African music playing]

245
00:09:07,346 --> 00:09:08,598
[Jason Samuels Smith]

246
00:09:08,599 --> 00:09:09,849
<i>The Slave Act of 1739</i>

247
00:09:09,916 --> 00:09:11,351
<i>wouldn't allow Africans</i>

248
00:09:11,352 --> 00:09:12,785
<i>to use drums</i>

249
00:09:12,885 --> 00:09:14,821
and the reason was the revolt

250
00:09:14,822 --> 00:09:16,756
that was organized

251
00:09:16,856 --> 00:09:19,142
in this year was organized

252
00:09:19,143 --> 00:09:21,427
by playing drums.

253
00:09:21,527 --> 00:09:23,296
<i>- They communicated
- With each other</i>

254
00:09:23,396 --> 00:09:24,597
<i>with different rhythms.</i>

255
00:09:24,697 --> 00:09:26,198
<i>And so, after that,</i>

256
00:09:26,265 --> 00:09:27,517
if any African was caught

257
00:09:27,518 --> 00:09:28,768
playing drums,

258
00:09:28,868 --> 00:09:30,202
their hands were cut off.

259
00:09:30,269 --> 00:09:32,138
So, this rhythm and this music,

260
00:09:32,238 --> 00:09:34,190
this spirit

261
00:09:34,191 --> 00:09:36,142
was then redistributed

262
00:09:36,242 --> 00:09:38,277
<i>throughout the body.</i>

263
00:09:42,582 --> 00:09:44,901
Juba is a social dance

264
00:09:44,902 --> 00:09:47,219
that started on the plantation.

265
00:09:47,286 --> 00:09:48,971
What they did was use

266
00:09:48,972 --> 00:09:50,656
their bodies to make the sounds

267
00:09:50,756 --> 00:09:52,992
- and to still communicate with
- Each other

268
00:09:53,092 --> 00:09:54,444
and really continue

269
00:09:54,445 --> 00:09:55,795
that community.

270
00:10:03,102 --> 00:10:05,071
- [DeFrantz]<i> So, Patting Juba</i>
<i>- Almost immediately</i>

271
00:10:05,137 --> 00:10:07,707
<i>sets a standard for jazz as</i>

272
00:10:07,708 --> 00:10:10,276
<i>this exploration of rhythm</i>

273
00:10:10,343 --> 00:10:12,378
and playful fun but also

274
00:10:12,379 --> 00:10:14,413
a political possibility.

275
00:10:14,480 --> 00:10:15,998
So, information can be shared

276
00:10:15,999 --> 00:10:17,516
through how the rhythm

277
00:10:17,617 --> 00:10:19,452
is disrupted or arranged.

278
00:10:21,621 --> 00:10:22,806
[Smith]<i> And that grew</i>

279
00:10:22,807 --> 00:10:23,990
<i>into more social dances</i>

280
00:10:24,090 --> 00:10:25,975
<i>where you entertain the idea</i>

281
00:10:25,976 --> 00:10:27,860
<i>of being elevated,</i>

282
00:10:27,960 --> 00:10:30,630
<i>of being white, of mimicking</i>

283
00:10:30,631 --> 00:10:33,299
<i>European court dances.</i>

284
00:10:33,366 --> 00:10:35,652
<i>So, that's where the cakewalk</i>

285
00:10:35,653 --> 00:10:37,937
<i>evolved from.</i>

286
00:10:39,605 --> 00:10:41,440
<i>The cakewalk was a dance</i>

287
00:10:41,441 --> 00:10:43,275
<i>done on plantations</i>

288
00:10:43,342 --> 00:10:45,061
where the Africans

289
00:10:45,062 --> 00:10:46,779
who were enslaved at the time

290
00:10:46,846 --> 00:10:48,681
would literally make fun

291
00:10:48,682 --> 00:10:50,516
of their masters.

292
00:10:50,616 --> 00:10:53,352
<i>- They would present themselves
- And their partner,</i>

293
00:10:53,452 --> 00:10:55,554
<i>- and they would be dressed
- In a certain way.</i>

294
00:10:55,655 --> 00:10:56,773
<i>And so, Africans would</i>

295
00:10:56,774 --> 00:10:57,890
<i>create these dances</i>

296
00:10:57,990 --> 00:10:59,692
<i>to mimic and</i>

297
00:10:59,693 --> 00:11:01,394
<i>imitate them.</i>

298
00:11:01,494 --> 00:11:02,862
[Camille Brown]<i> It was</i>

299
00:11:01,494 --> 00:11:04,230
<i>Africans</i>

300
00:11:02,863 --> 00:11:04,230
<i>a way for the enslaved</i>

301
00:11:04,330 --> 00:11:05,948
to resist and in the moment

302
00:11:05,949 --> 00:11:07,566
of oppression,

303
00:11:07,667 --> 00:11:08,852
they found a

304
00:11:08,853 --> 00:11:10,036
way to release

305
00:11:10,136 --> 00:11:13,472
and to find humor and joy.

306
00:11:14,974 --> 00:11:17,076
- [DeFrantz]<i> The cakewalk</i>
<i>- Is the foundation</i>

307
00:11:17,176 --> 00:11:18,544
<i>- for all of
- Broadway dancing</i>

308
00:11:18,644 --> 00:11:20,212
<i>- and thus, the foundation
- For jazz.</i>

309
00:11:20,312 --> 00:11:21,864
<i>The cakewalk</i>

310
00:11:21,865 --> 00:11:23,416
<i>is the originary moment</i>

311
00:11:23,516 --> 00:11:25,317
<i>- where something
- New is produced</i>

312
00:11:25,384 --> 00:11:26,819
<i>by this American experiment,</i>

313
00:11:26,820 --> 00:11:28,254
<i>if you will.</i>

314
00:11:28,354 --> 00:11:30,056
But also this way that

315
00:11:30,057 --> 00:11:31,757
Black Americans are disavowed

316
00:11:31,857 --> 00:11:33,042
and pushed to this place

317
00:11:33,043 --> 00:11:34,226
where creativity

318
00:11:34,326 --> 00:11:35,661
is aligned with

319
00:11:35,662 --> 00:11:36,996
political possibility.

320
00:11:59,351 --> 00:12:00,986
<i>Black Americans</i>

321
00:12:00,987 --> 00:12:02,621
<i>had zero possibilities</i>

322
00:12:02,722 --> 00:12:04,223
<i>for professional life.</i>

323
00:12:04,290 --> 00:12:05,958
<i>We have our first forms</i>

324
00:12:05,959 --> 00:12:07,626
<i>of occupations</i>

325
00:12:07,727 --> 00:12:09,195
<i>around minstrel shows.</i>

326
00:12:09,261 --> 00:12:11,113
<i>So, the foundational avenues</i>

327
00:12:11,114 --> 00:12:12,965
<i>of employment</i>

328
00:12:13,065 --> 00:12:14,250
<i>that lead to jazz</i>

329
00:12:14,251 --> 00:12:15,434
<i>dance are tied</i>

330
00:12:15,534 --> 00:12:17,486
<i>up in this history</i>

331
00:12:17,487 --> 00:12:19,438
<i>of denigration</i>

332
00:12:19,538 --> 00:12:21,073
<i>and of flattening</i>

333
00:12:21,074 --> 00:12:22,608
<i>the complex social</i>

334
00:12:22,708 --> 00:12:24,677
<i>and political lives of a</i>

335
00:12:22,708 --> 00:12:26,645
<i>people</i>

336
00:12:24,678 --> 00:12:26,645
<i>really diverse group of</i>

337
00:12:26,746 --> 00:12:28,097
<i>into two-dimensional</i>

338
00:12:28,098 --> 00:12:29,448
<i>stereotypes.</i>

339
00:12:46,465 --> 00:12:48,234
The traits of

340
00:12:48,235 --> 00:12:50,002
jazz dance are

341
00:12:50,102 --> 00:12:51,253
variations and rhythmic

342
00:12:51,254 --> 00:12:52,404
patterns,

343
00:12:52,471 --> 00:12:54,156
because when you think

344
00:12:54,157 --> 00:12:55,841
of jazz, jazz moves.

345
00:12:55,941 --> 00:12:57,843
It speeds up, it slows down,

346
00:12:57,844 --> 00:12:59,745
it has a variation.

347
00:12:59,812 --> 00:13:01,514
So, it's not just one thing.

348
00:13:01,614 --> 00:13:03,816
And what jazz is, is

349
00:13:03,817 --> 00:13:06,018
it took this African

350
00:13:06,118 --> 00:13:07,637
predisposition to

351
00:13:07,638 --> 00:13:09,155
syncopate, if you will,

352
00:13:09,255 --> 00:13:11,140
to overlay a rhythm

353
00:13:09,255 --> 00:13:13,025
rhythm.

354
00:13:11,141 --> 00:13:13,025
different from this ground

355
00:13:13,125 --> 00:13:15,661
<i>And it made the rhythmic life</i>

356
00:13:15,662 --> 00:13:18,197
<i>of jazz dancing</i>

357
00:13:18,297 --> 00:13:20,299
<i>filled with surprises.</i>

358
00:13:23,002 --> 00:13:25,354
I think one of the key

359
00:13:25,355 --> 00:13:27,706
tenets of jazz is improvisation.

360
00:13:27,807 --> 00:13:29,375
Without you bringing

361
00:13:29,376 --> 00:13:30,943
your own interpretation of it,

362
00:13:31,010 --> 00:13:33,345
it's not jazz.

363
00:13:33,445 --> 00:13:35,781
- [Graciela Danielle]<i> You are</i>
<i>- Not up here like in ballet.</i>

364
00:13:35,848 --> 00:13:38,768
You are down there.

365
00:13:38,769 --> 00:13:41,687
You are digging on the ground.

366
00:13:43,289 --> 00:13:44,590
<i>That power, that passion,</i>

367
00:13:44,591 --> 00:13:45,891
<i>that sex.</i>

368
00:13:45,991 --> 00:13:47,093
<i>What else is</i>

369
00:13:47,094 --> 00:13:48,194
<i>there in life?</i>

370
00:13:50,129 --> 00:13:51,981
[Siegenfeld]<i> The great</i>

371
00:13:50,129 --> 00:13:53,833
<i>polyrhythm.</i>

372
00:13:51,982 --> 00:13:53,833
<i>significant trait is</i>

373
00:13:54,834 --> 00:13:56,114
Meaning there's a beat going on,

374
00:13:56,168 --> 00:13:57,536
the boom, boom, boom,

375
00:13:57,537 --> 00:13:58,904
boom, boom,

376
00:13:59,004 --> 00:14:00,806
boom, boom, boom, boom.

377
00:14:00,873 --> 00:14:02,625
You know, if that just keeps

378
00:14:02,626 --> 00:14:04,376
going on and keeps going on,

379
00:14:04,476 --> 00:14:06,011
we're gonna fall asleep.

380
00:14:06,078 --> 00:14:08,331
But what the jazz people

381
00:14:08,332 --> 00:14:10,583
did was individuated against it.

382
00:14:10,683 --> 00:14:11,817
Come on.

383
00:14:11,884 --> 00:14:13,686
Come on. Come on.

384
00:14:23,729 --> 00:14:25,507
-[Knight]<i> The Harlem</i>
- <i>Renaissance, we look at it</i>

385
00:14:25,531 --> 00:14:27,600
<i>- as the African-American
- Enlightenment movement</i>

386
00:14:27,700 --> 00:14:29,235
<i>in the United States.</i>

387
00:14:29,335 --> 00:14:30,703
Circa the 1920s,

388
00:14:30,704 --> 00:14:32,071
you've got music,

389
00:14:32,171 --> 00:14:33,222
dance, philosophers,

390
00:14:33,223 --> 00:14:34,273
writers.

391
00:14:34,373 --> 00:14:36,142
<i>All doing great things</i>

392
00:14:36,143 --> 00:14:37,910
<i>at the same time.</i>

393
00:14:38,010 --> 00:14:39,862
<i>And during this time</i>

394
00:14:38,010 --> 00:14:41,714
<i>divide.</i>

395
00:14:39,863 --> 00:14:41,714
<i>there was a very big racial</i>

396
00:14:41,780 --> 00:14:43,782
-<i>But in New York,</i>
- <i>There were white bodies</i>

397
00:14:43,883 --> 00:14:45,501
<i>that were really</i>

398
00:14:43,883 --> 00:14:47,119
<i>the movement.</i>

399
00:14:45,502 --> 00:14:47,119
<i>interested in being a part of</i>

400
00:14:47,219 --> 00:14:48,504
[Allen]<i> Black America</i>

401
00:14:48,505 --> 00:14:49,788
<i>was setting the trend,</i>

402
00:14:49,889 --> 00:14:50,923
<i>then like</i>

403
00:14:50,924 --> 00:14:51,957
<i>we are now.</i>

404
00:14:52,057 --> 00:14:53,092
The Savoy Ballroom

405
00:14:53,093 --> 00:14:54,126
in New York

406
00:14:54,226 --> 00:14:56,579
was one of the first places

407
00:14:56,580 --> 00:14:58,931
where they could not stop whites

408
00:14:59,031 --> 00:15:01,400
from coming and having

409
00:15:01,401 --> 00:15:03,769
this wonderful socialization

410
00:15:03,869 --> 00:15:05,704
with Blacks over dance.

411
00:15:05,771 --> 00:15:07,273
It was unheard of,

412
00:15:07,274 --> 00:15:08,774
but you couldn't stop it,

413
00:15:08,874 --> 00:15:10,092
it was just so hot up

414
00:15:10,093 --> 00:15:11,310
in that ballroom.

415
00:15:11,410 --> 00:15:13,279
[jazz music playing]

416
00:15:17,616 --> 00:15:19,151
-[Siegenfeld]<i> The</i>
- <i>Savoy Ballroom,</i>

417
00:15:19,251 --> 00:15:20,369
<i>it was the very first</i>

418
00:15:20,370 --> 00:15:21,487
<i>integrated public space</i>

419
00:15:21,587 --> 00:15:22,955
<i>in the United States.</i>

420
00:15:23,055 --> 00:15:24,723
<i>- The dancing
- Was so extreme</i>

421
00:15:24,790 --> 00:15:26,592
<i>that they had to replace</i>

422
00:15:26,593 --> 00:15:28,394
<i>the floor every three years.</i>

423
00:15:28,460 --> 00:15:30,396
- [Knight]<i> And it would just be</i>
<i>- People dancing</i>

424
00:15:30,462 --> 00:15:32,164
<i>to classical jazz music,</i>

425
00:15:32,264 --> 00:15:33,466
<i>doing swing dances,</i>

426
00:15:33,467 --> 00:15:34,667
<i>jitterbug, Lindy Hop,</i>

427
00:15:34,767 --> 00:15:37,069
- all the dances that you imagine
- When you think about

428
00:15:37,136 --> 00:15:39,004
the origins of jazz dance.

429
00:15:46,111 --> 00:15:48,056
- [Brown]<i> There is a dance,</i>
<i>- There is a social dance</i>

430
00:15:48,080 --> 00:15:49,749
<i>that comes from the</i>

431
00:15:48,080 --> 00:15:51,417
<i>heart.</i>

432
00:15:49,750 --> 00:15:51,417
<i>community, that lives in the</i>

433
00:15:51,483 --> 00:15:53,352
- It's in your blood,
- It's in your spirit.

434
00:15:53,452 --> 00:15:55,587
-It's that vernacular dance
- That was homegrown

435
00:15:55,654 --> 00:15:57,456
<i>- that comes right
- Out of the streets</i>

436
00:15:57,523 --> 00:15:58,858
<i>and it's infectious,</i>

437
00:15:58,859 --> 00:16:00,192
<i>it's joyful,</i>

438
00:16:00,292 --> 00:16:02,228
<i>and it relates and connects</i>

439
00:16:00,292 --> 00:16:04,163
<i>socially,</i>

440
00:16:02,229 --> 00:16:04,163
<i>to what's happening</i>

441
00:16:04,263 --> 00:16:05,798
<i>politically,</i>

442
00:16:04,263 --> 00:16:07,333
<i>period.</i>

443
00:16:05,799 --> 00:16:07,333
<i>culturally, at any given time</i>

444
00:16:09,468 --> 00:16:11,370
- [Karen Hubbard]<i> These</i>
<i>- Social dances evolved</i>

445
00:16:11,470 --> 00:16:13,205
<i>- from the
- Plantation dances</i>

446
00:16:13,305 --> 00:16:15,040
<i>of the enslaved</i>

447
00:16:13,305 --> 00:16:16,775
<i>embellished</i>

448
00:16:15,041 --> 00:16:16,775
<i>Africans and then were</i>

449
00:16:16,842 --> 00:16:18,043
<i>and performed on stage,</i>

450
00:16:18,143 --> 00:16:19,495
and national dance

451
00:16:19,496 --> 00:16:20,846
crazes evolved,

452
00:16:20,946 --> 00:16:22,148
like the Charleston

453
00:16:22,149 --> 00:16:23,349
and the Lindy Hop.

454
00:16:25,684 --> 00:16:27,386
-<i>The Lindy Hop is</i>
- <i>Social dancing.</i>

455
00:16:27,486 --> 00:16:29,422
<i>The dance movements</i>

456
00:16:29,423 --> 00:16:31,357
<i>come from the community.</i>

457
00:16:32,791 --> 00:16:34,009
<i>Lindy was, everybody come</i>

458
00:16:34,010 --> 00:16:35,227
<i>to the club,</i>

459
00:16:35,327 --> 00:16:36,529
<i>learn what it is,</i>

460
00:16:36,530 --> 00:16:37,730
<i>and you can add</i>

461
00:16:37,830 --> 00:16:39,732
<i>- your own signature
- Thing to it</i>

462
00:16:39,832 --> 00:16:42,201
<i>- that influences everybody
- Else to be as creative</i>

463
00:16:42,301 --> 00:16:43,686
<i>as you are being,</i>

464
00:16:43,687 --> 00:16:45,070
<i>and you're all dancing.</i>

465
00:16:47,339 --> 00:16:50,142
- [George]<i> We're disenfranchised</i>
<i>- In most parts of this city</i>

466
00:16:50,209 --> 00:16:51,377
but we get to go

467
00:16:51,378 --> 00:16:52,544
to this ballroom

468
00:16:52,644 --> 00:16:54,580
-and we get to compete
- Against each other,

469
00:16:54,680 --> 00:16:56,081
and it's about pride,

470
00:16:56,181 --> 00:16:57,826
-and it's about reputation.
- It's about self-esteem

471
00:16:57,850 --> 00:16:59,718
-and we're expressing it
- Through movement.

472
00:16:59,818 --> 00:17:02,388
- This was really the time
- When Black and white bodies

473
00:17:02,488 --> 00:17:04,089
- were in conversation
- With each other,

474
00:17:04,189 --> 00:17:05,708
kind of became okay for a girl

475
00:17:05,709 --> 00:17:07,226
from Upstate New York

476
00:17:07,326 --> 00:17:08,703
- to start moving her hips
- In that way.

477
00:17:08,727 --> 00:17:10,396
<i>- And the Harlem
- Renaissance</i>

478
00:17:10,496 --> 00:17:11,948
<i>was really the beginnings of</i>

479
00:17:11,949 --> 00:17:13,399
<i>those conversations.</i>

480
00:17:17,736 --> 00:17:19,622
[DeFrantz]<i> We get to the</i>

481
00:17:17,736 --> 00:17:21,507
<i>whites</i>

482
00:17:19,623 --> 00:17:21,507
<i>1930s and there are progressive</i>

483
00:17:21,573 --> 00:17:22,841
<i>who were curious</i>

484
00:17:22,842 --> 00:17:24,109
<i>about Black culture,</i>

485
00:17:24,209 --> 00:17:25,911
<i>not only the parts</i>

486
00:17:25,912 --> 00:17:27,613
<i>that they're allowed to see</i>

487
00:17:27,713 --> 00:17:28,998
<i>but something closer</i>

488
00:17:28,999 --> 00:17:30,282
<i>to how Black Americans</i>

489
00:17:30,382 --> 00:17:31,951
imagine themselves

490
00:17:31,952 --> 00:17:33,519
among themselves.

491
00:17:33,585 --> 00:17:35,187
And these ballrooms

492
00:17:35,188 --> 00:17:36,789
make this possible.

493
00:17:36,889 --> 00:17:38,407
And then we start

494
00:17:38,408 --> 00:17:39,925
to get towards jazz dance.

495
00:17:40,025 --> 00:17:41,593
Broadway changes.

496
00:17:41,693 --> 00:17:43,245
The dances on Broadway start

497
00:17:43,246 --> 00:17:44,797
to look more like the dances

498
00:17:44,897 --> 00:17:46,182
that African Americans

499
00:17:46,183 --> 00:17:47,466
do at home.

500
00:17:47,566 --> 00:17:49,635
<i>They get more</i>

501
00:17:49,636 --> 00:17:51,703
<i>rhythmically sophisticated,</i>

502
00:17:51,770 --> 00:17:53,622
<i>they get less knowable</i>

503
00:17:53,623 --> 00:17:55,474
<i>and more open.</i>

504
00:17:55,574 --> 00:17:57,443
<i>And then we really see</i>

505
00:17:57,444 --> 00:17:59,311
<i>a shift and this happens</i>

506
00:17:59,411 --> 00:18:01,213
<i>up until the second World War.</i>

507
00:18:05,417 --> 00:18:08,120
[upbeat jazz music]

508
00:18:12,758 --> 00:18:14,678
- [Smith]<i> You can't talk</i>
<i>- About American success</i>

509
00:18:14,726 --> 00:18:16,061
<i>without tap dance</i>

510
00:18:16,062 --> 00:18:17,396
<i>being a part of that story.</i>

511
00:18:21,266 --> 00:18:22,968
<i>- It's important for people
- To know that</i>

512
00:18:23,068 --> 00:18:24,703
<i>it came out of a place of</i>

513
00:18:24,704 --> 00:18:26,338
<i>struggle and oppression.</i>

514
00:18:26,438 --> 00:18:27,706
<i>It wasn't just</i>

515
00:18:27,707 --> 00:18:28,974
<i>this happy dance</i>

516
00:18:29,074 --> 00:18:30,509
<i>that was made for</i>

517
00:18:30,510 --> 00:18:31,944
<i>other people's enjoyment.</i>

518
00:18:32,010 --> 00:18:33,545
<i>It was made to express</i>

519
00:18:33,546 --> 00:18:35,080
<i>and to communicate</i>

520
00:18:35,147 --> 00:18:36,782
<i>a certain feeling.</i>

521
00:18:38,617 --> 00:18:40,152
-There's always been
- A big argument

522
00:18:40,252 --> 00:18:41,420
whether it was tap

523
00:18:41,421 --> 00:18:42,588
dance that created jazz

524
00:18:42,654 --> 00:18:43,806
or jazz that

525
00:18:43,807 --> 00:18:44,957
created tap dance.

526
00:18:47,693 --> 00:18:48,778
[Smith]<i> Tap dance</i>

527
00:18:48,779 --> 00:18:49,862
<i>is older than jazz</i>

528
00:18:49,962 --> 00:18:51,330
<i>and it led to certain social</i>

529
00:18:51,331 --> 00:18:52,698
<i>dance forms</i>

530
00:18:52,798 --> 00:18:55,401
<i>like Lindy Hop and swing</i>

531
00:18:52,798 --> 00:18:58,003
<i>dance.</i>

532
00:18:55,402 --> 00:18:58,003
<i>dance which then led to jazz</i>

533
00:18:59,605 --> 00:19:01,206
- [Knight]<i> There's</i>
<i>- Also a relationship</i>

534
00:19:01,306 --> 00:19:03,041
<i>- between African
- And Irish culture</i>

535
00:19:03,142 --> 00:19:05,286
<i>- where we see this -
Percussiveness coming into - play,</i>

536
00:19:05,310 --> 00:19:06,462
with Irish traditional

537
00:19:06,463 --> 00:19:07,613
jig dances

538
00:19:07,679 --> 00:19:09,565
and also African Juba

539
00:19:09,566 --> 00:19:11,450
interplaying with each other.

540
00:19:11,517 --> 00:19:12,685
[Smith]<i> The roots of tap</i>

541
00:19:12,686 --> 00:19:13,852
<i>are African dance,</i>

542
00:19:13,952 --> 00:19:15,320
<i>West African</i>

543
00:19:15,321 --> 00:19:16,688
<i>dance 2.0.</i>

544
00:19:16,788 --> 00:19:18,307
<i>It's what happens when</i>

545
00:19:16,788 --> 00:19:19,825
<i>style</i>

546
00:19:18,308 --> 00:19:19,825
<i>you take a culture and a</i>

547
00:19:19,892 --> 00:19:21,644
<i>and you put it in a different</i>

548
00:19:21,645 --> 00:19:23,395
<i>part of the world</i>

549
00:19:23,495 --> 00:19:25,447
<i>and you put the people</i>

550
00:19:25,448 --> 00:19:27,399
<i>that experience that art</i>

551
00:19:27,499 --> 00:19:29,234
-<i>under extreme</i>
- <i>Pressure</i>

552
00:19:29,334 --> 00:19:31,703
and under the worst

553
00:19:31,704 --> 00:19:34,072
conditions humanly possible.

554
00:19:34,173 --> 00:19:35,675
Most Black people

555
00:19:35,676 --> 00:19:37,176
in America can tap.

556
00:19:38,310 --> 00:19:39,311
I don't know.

557
00:19:39,312 --> 00:19:40,312
It's just a thing.

558
00:19:40,379 --> 00:19:41,781
You're born, you're Black,

559
00:19:41,782 --> 00:19:43,182
you can tap.

560
00:19:49,721 --> 00:19:51,423
Don't get me wrong.

561
00:19:51,523 --> 00:19:52,925
I love to dance.

562
00:19:53,025 --> 00:19:54,993
I love to dance and I got work.

563
00:19:55,060 --> 00:19:56,495
I was cute.

564
00:19:57,863 --> 00:19:59,398
Cute little colored kid.

565
00:19:59,498 --> 00:20:00,950
They called us colored

566
00:20:00,951 --> 00:20:02,401
in those days.

567
00:20:02,501 --> 00:20:04,286
Cute little colored kid

568
00:20:04,287 --> 00:20:06,071
tapping away.

569
00:20:09,708 --> 00:20:11,944
Oh, I was a real novelty.

570
00:20:12,044 --> 00:20:13,779
Of course, by the time

571
00:20:13,780 --> 00:20:15,514
I grew up,

572
00:20:15,581 --> 00:20:17,416
it's a different story here.

573
00:20:17,516 --> 00:20:19,151
He's an adult Black man now,

574
00:20:19,152 --> 00:20:20,786
he's not so cute.

575
00:20:20,886 --> 00:20:22,154
-Give him a broom.

576
00:20:22,155 --> 00:20:23,422
-Raymond.

577
00:20:24,523 --> 00:20:26,792
The rich don't patronize tap.

578
00:20:33,298 --> 00:20:35,367
- [Smith]<i> There's a little bit</i>
<i>- Of a fear still</i>

579
00:20:35,434 --> 00:20:37,603
<i>to embrace tap dance</i>

580
00:20:37,604 --> 00:20:39,771
<i>culture entirely</i>

581
00:20:39,871 --> 00:20:41,590
<i>because of the ugly history</i>

582
00:20:41,591 --> 00:20:43,308
<i>that it's attached to,</i>

583
00:20:43,408 --> 00:20:44,610
<i>which is</i>

584
00:20:44,611 --> 00:20:45,811
<i>American history.</i>

585
00:20:45,911 --> 00:20:48,313
- And unfortunately,
- I don't think a lot of people

586
00:20:48,413 --> 00:20:50,115
are willing to face the truth

587
00:20:50,215 --> 00:20:53,235
of what happened or is

588
00:20:50,215 --> 00:20:56,255
country.

589
00:20:53,236 --> 00:20:56,255
happening right now in this

590
00:20:56,321 --> 00:20:57,890
<i>And we're always going</i>

591
00:20:57,891 --> 00:20:59,458
<i>to reflect those truths,</i>

592
00:20:59,558 --> 00:21:00,776
<i>whether or not</i>

593
00:21:00,777 --> 00:21:01,994
<i>they can handle them.</i>

594
00:21:13,138 --> 00:21:15,741
[Allen]<i> It's kind of</i>

595
00:21:13,138 --> 00:21:18,343
<i>dancing</i>

596
00:21:15,742 --> 00:21:18,343
<i>impossible to talk about jazz</i>

597
00:21:18,443 --> 00:21:21,146
independent of the music,

598
00:21:21,246 --> 00:21:23,415
because the music truly

599
00:21:23,482 --> 00:21:25,000
through the ages,

600
00:21:25,001 --> 00:21:26,518
defined how the dance would go.

601
00:21:26,618 --> 00:21:28,186
-This to me could also
- Come through

602
00:21:28,287 --> 00:21:29,605
as how important is oxygen

603
00:21:29,606 --> 00:21:30,922
and nourishment?

604
00:21:30,989 --> 00:21:32,508
Every person in my family

605
00:21:32,509 --> 00:21:34,026
was a classical musician

606
00:21:34,126 --> 00:21:36,645
and to hear that jazz

607
00:21:34,126 --> 00:21:39,164
deep in my soul.

608
00:21:36,646 --> 00:21:39,164
music, something shifted really

609
00:21:39,264 --> 00:21:41,183
<i>There is an emotionality</i>

610
00:21:41,184 --> 00:21:43,101
<i>and a depth</i>

611
00:21:43,168 --> 00:21:45,137
<i>- that is in that
- Music for me</i>

612
00:21:45,203 --> 00:21:46,521
<i>that I'm always trying</i>

613
00:21:45,203 --> 00:21:47,839
<i>describe</i>

614
00:21:46,522 --> 00:21:47,839
<i>to get to and to be able to</i>

615
00:21:47,939 --> 00:21:49,391
<i>with movement because</i>

616
00:21:49,392 --> 00:21:50,842
<i>there's such honesty,</i>

617
00:21:50,942 --> 00:21:52,944
<i>such heart honesty.</i>

618
00:21:55,480 --> 00:21:56,715
[Kimberley Cooper]<i> When I</i>

619
00:21:55,480 --> 00:21:57,949
<i>choreographer,</i>

620
00:21:56,716 --> 00:21:57,949
<i>hear that sound as a</i>

621
00:21:58,016 --> 00:22:00,202
<i>that springs images and</i>

622
00:21:58,016 --> 00:22:02,387
<i>and makes my body...</i>

623
00:22:00,203 --> 00:22:02,387
<i>movement in my head</i>

624
00:22:02,487 --> 00:22:04,556
It gives me that

625
00:22:02,487 --> 00:22:06,625
music does.

626
00:22:04,557 --> 00:22:06,625
invitation, that I feel jazz

627
00:22:11,229 --> 00:22:12,230
Jazz music has

628
00:22:12,231 --> 00:22:13,231
all the accents

629
00:22:13,332 --> 00:22:14,366
and the moments that

630
00:22:14,367 --> 00:22:15,400
happen in between

631
00:22:15,500 --> 00:22:16,635
that you don't expect,

632
00:22:16,702 --> 00:22:17,887
and being off the beat

633
00:22:17,888 --> 00:22:19,071
and being pushed

634
00:22:19,171 --> 00:22:21,273
<i>and just all the</i>

635
00:22:19,171 --> 00:22:23,375
<i>percussive nature</i>

636
00:22:21,274 --> 00:22:23,375
<i>variation of styles and</i>

637
00:22:23,475 --> 00:22:24,610
<i>and elongated notes,</i>

638
00:22:24,611 --> 00:22:25,744
<i>it's all in there,</i>

639
00:22:25,844 --> 00:22:27,079
<i>which, physically,</i>

640
00:22:27,080 --> 00:22:28,313
<i>as a dancer,</i>

641
00:22:28,380 --> 00:22:29,681
<i>you can relate to</i>

642
00:22:29,682 --> 00:22:30,982
<i>and connect to.</i>

643
00:22:33,185 --> 00:22:34,386
At one time, the music,

644
00:22:34,486 --> 00:22:35,904
jazz dance and jazz music,

645
00:22:35,905 --> 00:22:37,322
went together.

646
00:22:37,389 --> 00:22:39,925
-And the dancers
- Were performing to live music

647
00:22:40,025 --> 00:22:43,145
<i>and it was an exchange</i>

648
00:22:40,025 --> 00:22:46,264
<i>dancers.</i>

649
00:22:43,146 --> 00:22:46,264
<i>between the musicians and the</i>

650
00:22:46,365 --> 00:22:48,267
[Parker Esse]<i> It is</i>

651
00:22:48,268 --> 00:22:50,168
<i>so overwhelmingly fulfilling</i>

652
00:22:50,235 --> 00:22:51,587
<i>to dance with</i>

653
00:22:51,588 --> 00:22:52,938
<i>a jazz orchestra live.</i>

654
00:22:53,038 --> 00:22:54,490
I don't think there's anything

655
00:22:54,491 --> 00:22:55,941
like it, because you...

656
00:22:56,041 --> 00:22:57,993
you're an extension of that...

657
00:22:57,994 --> 00:22:59,945
of that music, it's powerful.

658
00:23:00,045 --> 00:23:02,247
- Years and years ago,
- Jazz music was to move to,

659
00:23:02,347 --> 00:23:03,515
it was to dance to.

660
00:23:03,582 --> 00:23:04,683
And then as people

661
00:23:04,684 --> 00:23:05,784
doing improvisations

662
00:23:05,884 --> 00:23:07,853
-got more and more adept,
- Then it became about

663
00:23:07,919 --> 00:23:09,621
-"Look at my skill
- In improvising."

664
00:23:09,721 --> 00:23:11,256
- And maybe not quite
- So danceable.

665
00:23:11,356 --> 00:23:13,692
--And then bebop...
- -And then bebop messed it up.

666
00:23:13,759 --> 00:23:15,560
For jazz dance.

667
00:23:15,627 --> 00:23:16,762
The musicians of

668
00:23:16,763 --> 00:23:17,896
bebop messed it up.

669
00:23:22,234 --> 00:23:24,586
<i>And as the music</i>

670
00:23:22,234 --> 00:23:26,938
<i>as the styles change,</i>

671
00:23:24,587 --> 00:23:26,938
<i>changes over time,</i>

672
00:23:27,038 --> 00:23:29,474
-<i>then the dancing that's</i>
- <i>Done to the popular music,</i>

673
00:23:29,574 --> 00:23:31,426
<i>popular styles,</i>

674
00:23:31,427 --> 00:23:33,278
<i>also changes.</i>

675
00:23:33,378 --> 00:23:34,830
<i>The music got too crazy</i>

676
00:23:34,831 --> 00:23:36,281
<i>to dance to, really.</i>

677
00:23:36,381 --> 00:23:38,267
<i>So, music and dance</i>

678
00:23:38,268 --> 00:23:40,152
<i>went their separate ways.</i>

679
00:23:46,725 --> 00:23:48,177
<i>

680
00:23:48,178 --> 00:23:49,628
<i>Come on, get happy

681
00:23:49,728 --> 00:23:51,847
[Francis Roach]<i> The jazz</i>

682
00:23:49,728 --> 00:23:53,965
<i>know</i>

683
00:23:51,848 --> 00:23:53,965
<i>dance that we all iconically</i>

684
00:23:54,065 --> 00:23:55,634
from the Hollywood days,

685
00:23:55,734 --> 00:23:56,785
that's different than

686
00:23:55,734 --> 00:23:57,836
of the Roaring '20s.

687
00:23:56,786 --> 00:23:57,836
the jazz dance

688
00:23:57,936 --> 00:23:59,388
<i>

689
00:23:59,389 --> 00:24:00,839
<i>come on, get happy

690
00:24:00,939 --> 00:24:02,591
<i>During that time, when</i>

691
00:24:00,939 --> 00:24:04,242
<i>Age,</i>

692
00:24:02,592 --> 00:24:04,242
<i>Hollywood was doing its Golden</i>

693
00:24:04,309 --> 00:24:06,011
<i>- that was after
- World War II.</i>

694
00:24:06,111 --> 00:24:07,813
<i>- The whole world
- Was in turmoil</i>

695
00:24:07,913 --> 00:24:09,682
<i>and needed some uplifting</i>

696
00:24:09,683 --> 00:24:11,450
<i>and some joy.</i>

697
00:24:11,516 --> 00:24:12,934
<i>

698
00:24:11,516 --> 00:24:14,352
<i>in the tide

699
00:24:12,935 --> 00:24:14,352
<i>wash your sins away</i>

700
00:24:14,453 --> 00:24:16,372
The idea of male role

701
00:24:14,453 --> 00:24:18,290
far between.

702
00:24:16,373 --> 00:24:18,290
models for dancers is few and

703
00:24:18,356 --> 00:24:20,091
-I didn't know
- Any professional dancers,

704
00:24:20,158 --> 00:24:21,927
-I didn't know
- Any male dancers,

705
00:24:21,993 --> 00:24:24,863
-I was the only boy in my - School
but I knew who Gene Kelly - was,

706
00:24:24,963 --> 00:24:26,097
I knew who Fred Astaire was.

707
00:24:26,164 --> 00:24:27,499
It's just those

708
00:24:27,500 --> 00:24:28,834
character men and women

709
00:24:28,934 --> 00:24:30,302
that I really...

710
00:24:30,303 --> 00:24:31,670
that's what I wanted to do.

711
00:24:31,770 --> 00:24:33,472
My mother would watch old

712
00:24:31,770 --> 00:24:35,173
movie

713
00:24:33,473 --> 00:24:35,173
movies and I fell in love with a

714
00:24:35,273 --> 00:24:37,142
-uh, I didn't know the name
- Of at the time,

715
00:24:37,209 --> 00:24:39,787
-but of course everybody - Knows
it, which is<i> Singing in - the Rain.</i>

716
00:24:39,811 --> 00:24:40,879
<i>And I liked Gene</i>

717
00:24:40,880 --> 00:24:41,947
<i>Kelly a lot.</i>

718
00:24:42,013 --> 00:24:43,281
<i>The way he was...</i>

719
00:24:43,282 --> 00:24:44,549
<i>I guess his articulation,</i>

720
00:24:44,649 --> 00:24:47,118
-<i>the way he was accentuating</i>
- <i>The music</i>

721
00:24:47,185 --> 00:24:48,954
<i>- but then also
- His character</i>

722
00:24:49,020 --> 00:24:51,890
- and the way
- He was telling the story always

723
00:24:51,990 --> 00:24:53,642
and how the dance was kind

724
00:24:53,643 --> 00:24:55,293
of infused into the storyline

725
00:24:55,360 --> 00:24:58,230
and I got kind of drawn to that.

726
00:24:58,330 --> 00:25:00,398
-[Warren Carlyle]<i> Gene</i>
- <i>Is athletic and masculine</i>

727
00:25:00,499 --> 00:25:01,817
<i>and it always felt like</i>

728
00:25:00,499 --> 00:25:03,134
<i>watching him dance.</i>

729
00:25:01,818 --> 00:25:03,134
<i>watching the Olympics,</i>

730
00:25:03,201 --> 00:25:05,620
And Fred is just... is

731
00:25:03,201 --> 00:25:08,039
nonthreatening.

732
00:25:05,621 --> 00:25:08,039
beautiful and elegant and

733
00:25:08,139 --> 00:25:10,075
-You know, he's romantic
- And, yeah.

734
00:25:10,175 --> 00:25:11,775
-They were
- The two different qualities

735
00:25:11,810 --> 00:25:13,411
-and the two different
- Male dancers

736
00:25:13,512 --> 00:25:14,746
that I grew up watching.

737
00:25:14,846 --> 00:25:16,214
And then I also grew up

738
00:25:16,215 --> 00:25:17,582
watching movie musicals.

739
00:25:17,682 --> 00:25:19,751
-So, you know,
- I'm seeing Fred Astaire,

740
00:25:19,851 --> 00:25:21,419
-I'm seeing
- The Nicholas Brothers,

741
00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:22,721
I'm seeing Bill Robinson,

742
00:25:22,821 --> 00:25:24,689
- I'm seeing
- All these famous dancers,

743
00:25:24,756 --> 00:25:26,758
and I'm seeing very vivid colors

744
00:25:26,759 --> 00:25:28,760
and sets, and costume,

745
00:25:28,860 --> 00:25:31,396
- and as a kid, it's just,
- It's like watching cartoons,

746
00:25:31,496 --> 00:25:33,064
<i>it just grabbed you.</i>

747
00:25:43,341 --> 00:25:44,943
I would kill

748
00:25:44,944 --> 00:25:46,545
to be Cyd Charisse's partner.

749
00:25:48,213 --> 00:25:49,848
I would kill for that.

750
00:25:51,049 --> 00:25:53,351
[laughter]

751
00:25:58,056 --> 00:25:59,708
[DeFrantz]<i> What</i>

752
00:25:58,056 --> 00:26:01,359
<i>'50s</i>

753
00:25:59,709 --> 00:26:01,359
<i>happened in the 1940s and</i>

754
00:26:01,426 --> 00:26:02,728
<i>that is a turning</i>

755
00:26:02,729 --> 00:26:04,029
<i>point for jazz</i>

756
00:26:04,095 --> 00:26:05,280
<i>is it started</i>

757
00:26:05,281 --> 00:26:06,464
<i>to be codified.</i>

758
00:26:06,565 --> 00:26:08,433
<i>- And what's interesting
- About this</i>

759
00:26:08,533 --> 00:26:09,584
<i>is it could almost</i>

760
00:26:09,585 --> 00:26:10,635
<i>never be codified</i>

761
00:26:10,735 --> 00:26:12,103
<i>by Black Americans</i>

762
00:26:12,203 --> 00:26:13,221
because we still

763
00:26:13,222 --> 00:26:14,239
didn't have access

764
00:26:14,306 --> 00:26:16,225
to courts of law

765
00:26:16,226 --> 00:26:18,143
or legal systems of support.

766
00:26:18,243 --> 00:26:20,028
<i>So, almost all</i>

767
00:26:20,029 --> 00:26:21,813
<i>the jazz dance techniques</i>

768
00:26:21,913 --> 00:26:23,198
<i>are initiated</i>

769
00:26:23,199 --> 00:26:24,482
<i>by white men.</i>

770
00:26:26,251 --> 00:26:28,453
-[Hubbard]<i> There are</i>
- <i>Like two different worlds.</i>

771
00:26:28,553 --> 00:26:30,222
<i>The worlds where ballet</i>

772
00:26:30,223 --> 00:26:31,890
<i>and extensions</i>

773
00:26:31,957 --> 00:26:33,892
<i>and turns,</i>

774
00:26:33,893 --> 00:26:35,827
<i>battements are valued.</i>

775
00:26:35,927 --> 00:26:37,562
<i>Training is valued.</i>

776
00:26:37,629 --> 00:26:39,231
<i>And then, there is the</i>

777
00:26:39,232 --> 00:26:40,832
<i>social swing dance world.</i>

778
00:26:40,932 --> 00:26:42,050
And it's, like,

779
00:26:42,051 --> 00:26:43,168
two different worlds

780
00:26:43,268 --> 00:26:45,170
but the swing dancers understand

781
00:26:45,270 --> 00:26:47,639
the vernacular vocabulary

782
00:26:47,640 --> 00:26:50,008
and the evolution of jazz.

783
00:26:50,108 --> 00:26:52,243
-<i>What happened was</i>
- <i>That the modern dancers</i>

784
00:26:52,310 --> 00:26:53,812
<i>and the ballet dancers</i>

785
00:26:53,912 --> 00:26:55,590
<i>- got a hold of jazz,
- Pulled it into the studios</i>

786
00:26:55,614 --> 00:26:56,732
<i>and made it be</i>

787
00:26:56,733 --> 00:26:57,849
<i>what they wanted to do</i>

788
00:26:57,949 --> 00:26:59,918
<i>and they called it jazz.</i>

789
00:26:59,985 --> 00:27:02,187
- [Natasha Powell]<i> And we</i>
<i>- Had ballet choreographers</i>

790
00:27:02,287 --> 00:27:03,772
or modern dance

791
00:27:02,287 --> 00:27:05,256
their interpretation

792
00:27:03,773 --> 00:27:05,256
choreographers who are doing

793
00:27:05,323 --> 00:27:06,591
of what they

794
00:27:06,592 --> 00:27:07,859
consider jazz to be.

795
00:27:07,959 --> 00:27:09,260
And then, you have critics

796
00:27:09,327 --> 00:27:11,238
-who are writing about
- What they think jazz is,

797
00:27:11,262 --> 00:27:13,365
- not having
- Any historical reference

798
00:27:13,465 --> 00:27:15,767
- to the form
- Or any connection to the work.

799
00:27:15,834 --> 00:27:17,085
<i>Now, how does that change</i>

800
00:27:17,086 --> 00:27:18,336
<i>how society thinks</i>

801
00:27:18,436 --> 00:27:20,205
<i>- or believes
- What jazz to be?</i>

802
00:27:20,305 --> 00:27:22,345
<i>- And how does that change
- The form and evolvement</i>

803
00:27:22,440 --> 00:27:24,226
<i>of what it was</i>

804
00:27:22,440 --> 00:27:26,011
<i>in that?</i>

805
00:27:24,227 --> 00:27:26,011
<i>and who was instrumental</i>

806
00:27:27,979 --> 00:27:29,097
[Wendy Oliver]<i> There</i>

807
00:27:29,098 --> 00:27:30,215
<i>were two big streams.</i>

808
00:27:30,315 --> 00:27:32,217
<i>- People who felt
- That jazz dance</i>

809
00:27:32,317 --> 00:27:33,602
<i>was this original</i>

810
00:27:33,603 --> 00:27:34,886
<i>vernacular form</i>

811
00:27:34,986 --> 00:27:36,938
<i>that only happened</i>

812
00:27:36,939 --> 00:27:38,890
<i>in the '20s to the '40s.</i>

813
00:27:38,990 --> 00:27:41,026
And there were people who

814
00:27:41,027 --> 00:27:43,061
felt that jazz evolved.

815
00:27:43,161 --> 00:27:44,529
And jazz became

816
00:27:44,530 --> 00:27:45,897
something different

817
00:27:45,997 --> 00:27:47,199
over time but

818
00:27:47,200 --> 00:27:48,400
it's still jazz.

819
00:27:52,170 --> 00:27:53,789
[DeFrantz]<i> Something else</i>

820
00:27:53,790 --> 00:27:55,407
<i>about how Black American</i>

821
00:27:55,507 --> 00:27:56,908
<i>social structure works</i>

822
00:27:57,008 --> 00:27:58,360
<i>is that we believe</i>

823
00:27:58,361 --> 00:27:59,711
<i>in each other and sharing.</i>

824
00:27:59,811 --> 00:28:01,046
<i>It's communal.</i>

825
00:28:01,146 --> 00:28:02,681
<i>We don't really</i>

826
00:28:02,682 --> 00:28:04,215
<i>have long traditions</i>

827
00:28:04,315 --> 00:28:06,017
<i>of individual ownership.</i>

828
00:28:06,084 --> 00:28:07,502
<i>We're not so big up on</i>

829
00:28:07,503 --> 00:28:08,920
<i>claiming it as our technique</i>

830
00:28:09,020 --> 00:28:10,555
<i>or our style</i>

831
00:28:10,556 --> 00:28:12,090
<i>or "this is my dance</i>

832
00:28:12,190 --> 00:28:13,558
<i>and no one else's."</i>

833
00:28:13,658 --> 00:28:15,093
That's quite

834
00:28:15,094 --> 00:28:16,528
a European-American formation

835
00:28:16,594 --> 00:28:18,063
or a capitalist formation.

836
00:28:18,163 --> 00:28:19,348
So, there's a real,

837
00:28:19,349 --> 00:28:20,532
like, problem

838
00:28:20,598 --> 00:28:22,600
- when people start naming names
- And saying,

839
00:28:22,701 --> 00:28:24,636
"This is who invented a step

840
00:28:24,637 --> 00:28:26,571
or a style or made a technique."

841
00:28:26,671 --> 00:28:28,239
- And Black
- American culture,

842
00:28:28,339 --> 00:28:29,941
- it just doesn't operate
- That way.

843
00:28:30,041 --> 00:28:31,576
So, it's hard in jazz dance,

844
00:28:31,676 --> 00:28:33,821
- because we know it comes from
- A lot of that lineage,

845
00:28:33,845 --> 00:28:35,380
to really put a thumb on

846
00:28:35,381 --> 00:28:36,915
who the mother or father is.

847
00:28:37,015 --> 00:28:38,800
Although, in America,

848
00:28:37,015 --> 00:28:40,585
to Jack Cole.

849
00:28:38,801 --> 00:28:40,585
we tend to give the credit

850
00:28:40,685 --> 00:28:42,930
-<i>But I think, when we</i> - <i>Look
at the true origins of</i> - <i>jazz,</i>

851
00:28:42,954 --> 00:28:44,289
<i>that may not be the</i>

852
00:28:42,954 --> 00:28:45,623
<i>look</i>

853
00:28:44,290 --> 00:28:45,623
<i>right lens through which to</i>

854
00:28:45,724 --> 00:28:47,559
<i>at how jazz came about.</i>

855
00:28:50,729 --> 00:28:52,297
<i>So, around the 1940s,</i>

856
00:28:52,397 --> 00:28:53,915
<i>Jack Cole is looking</i>

857
00:28:53,916 --> 00:28:55,433
<i>at classical Indian forms</i>

858
00:28:55,533 --> 00:28:58,133
- and starting to incorporate that
- Into his jazz dance movement.

859
00:28:58,203 --> 00:28:59,421
So, you see

860
00:28:59,422 --> 00:29:00,638
this idea of isolation

861
00:29:00,739 --> 00:29:02,440
- that is indigenous
- To jazz dancing,

862
00:29:02,540 --> 00:29:04,042
- a lot of that
- Really starts there,

863
00:29:04,109 --> 00:29:06,211
-where the head may
- Move from side to side,

864
00:29:06,277 --> 00:29:07,295
<i>the arms may have</i>

865
00:29:07,296 --> 00:29:08,313
<i>some very particular,</i>

866
00:29:08,413 --> 00:29:10,048
-<i>angular motions</i>
- <i>To them.</i>

867
00:29:10,115 --> 00:29:12,117
-<i>And Jack Cole was taking</i>
- <i>A lot of these ideas</i>

868
00:29:12,217 --> 00:29:13,268
<i>and incorporating it</i>

869
00:29:13,269 --> 00:29:14,319
<i>into his choreography</i>

870
00:29:14,419 --> 00:29:15,537
<i>and the dances that</i>

871
00:29:15,538 --> 00:29:16,654
<i>he was creating.</i>

872
00:29:17,889 --> 00:29:19,691
I saw Mr. Cole

873
00:29:19,692 --> 00:29:21,493
in a convention.

874
00:29:21,593 --> 00:29:26,164
This kind of tall-ish,

875
00:29:26,264 --> 00:29:30,001
evil-tempered person,

876
00:29:30,101 --> 00:29:31,236
which is intriguing,

877
00:29:31,302 --> 00:29:33,071
<i>- and everyone seemed to be
- In love</i>

878
00:29:33,138 --> 00:29:36,024
<i>with that kind of</i>

879
00:29:33,138 --> 00:29:38,910
<i>maybe.</i>

880
00:29:36,025 --> 00:29:38,910
<i>antagonistic attitude,</i>

881
00:29:38,977 --> 00:29:40,411
<i>- We didn't know
- Who he was.</i>

882
00:29:40,478 --> 00:29:41,663
<i>He came in with</i>

883
00:29:41,664 --> 00:29:42,847
<i>boots, khakis,</i>

884
00:29:42,947 --> 00:29:44,799
<i>a tied shirt, and a drum,</i>

885
00:29:44,800 --> 00:29:46,651
<i>and he was crazy.</i>

886
00:29:46,751 --> 00:29:48,019
- [instructor]
- <i>Seven, eight.</i>

887
00:29:48,119 --> 00:29:50,271
Walk, two, two, two,

888
00:29:50,272 --> 00:29:52,423
three, two. Work.

889
00:29:52,490 --> 00:29:54,042
<i>Jack Cole</i>

890
00:29:54,043 --> 00:29:55,593
<i>created a technique.</i>

891
00:29:55,660 --> 00:29:57,379
<i>Was it taken from Ted Shawn,</i>

892
00:29:57,380 --> 00:29:59,097
<i>Ruth St. Denis,</i>

893
00:29:59,164 --> 00:30:00,532
<i>the Denis-Shawn years?</i>

894
00:30:00,632 --> 00:30:02,000
<i>Yes. Absolutely.</i>

895
00:30:02,100 --> 00:30:03,301
<i>Everyone was involved</i>

896
00:30:03,302 --> 00:30:04,502
<i>in his life that</i>

897
00:30:04,602 --> 00:30:06,037
<i>he put into his pot.</i>

898
00:30:06,137 --> 00:30:08,039
<i>They didn't call</i>

899
00:30:08,040 --> 00:30:09,941
<i>their stuff jazz.</i>

900
00:30:10,008 --> 00:30:11,609
Sell those bananas.

901
00:30:11,676 --> 00:30:13,478
<i>Let's do it again, ladies.</i>

902
00:30:13,545 --> 00:30:15,547
[applause]

903
00:30:15,647 --> 00:30:18,216
- [Chet Walker]<i> When you look</i>
<i>- At Marilyn Monroe today,</i>

904
00:30:18,316 --> 00:30:19,884
<i>it was Jack Cole who gave her</i>

905
00:30:19,885 --> 00:30:21,452
<i>that persona,</i>

906
00:30:21,519 --> 00:30:23,038
<i>Rita Hayworth,</i>

907
00:30:23,039 --> 00:30:24,556
<i>same thing.</i>

908
00:30:24,656 --> 00:30:25,924
<i>Marilyn wouldn't do it</i>

909
00:30:25,925 --> 00:30:27,192
<i>without him.</i>

910
00:30:27,292 --> 00:30:28,844
<i>If you'll go and you'll look</i>

911
00:30:28,845 --> 00:30:30,395
<i>at</i> Gentlemen Prefer Blondes

912
00:30:30,495 --> 00:30:31,763
<i>and you'll look at</i>

913
00:30:30,495 --> 00:30:33,031
a Girl's Best Friend,

914
00:30:31,764 --> 00:30:33,031
Diamonds Are

915
00:30:33,131 --> 00:30:34,850
she is never looking into the...

916
00:30:34,851 --> 00:30:36,568
into the camera ever

917
00:30:36,668 --> 00:30:38,236
because he's over here

918
00:30:38,336 --> 00:30:40,972
and he is doing it with her.

919
00:30:41,039 --> 00:30:42,407
But when you think about that,

920
00:30:42,507 --> 00:30:43,608
"Oh, what?"

921
00:30:43,609 --> 00:30:44,709
Then you look at it,

922
00:30:44,809 --> 00:30:46,211
<i>- and you go,
- "It's amazing."</i>

923
00:30:46,311 --> 00:30:47,679
<i>Because she's not playing</i>

924
00:30:47,680 --> 00:30:49,047
<i>to a camera.</i>

925
00:30:49,147 --> 00:30:51,082
<i>- She's taking
- From the master.</i>

926
00:30:51,182 --> 00:30:52,751
<i>And they had a connection</i>

927
00:30:52,752 --> 00:30:54,319
<i>that was like no other.</i>

928
00:30:54,385 --> 00:30:55,487
<i>He wanted audiences</i>

929
00:30:55,488 --> 00:30:56,588
<i>to understand</i>

930
00:30:56,688 --> 00:30:58,223
<i>what dance was all about.</i>

931
00:30:58,323 --> 00:31:00,225
<i>- Dance didn't have
- A prominence.</i>

932
00:31:00,325 --> 00:31:01,877
It was background

933
00:31:01,878 --> 00:31:03,428
material.

934
00:31:03,528 --> 00:31:04,963
<i>The stars were the most</i>

935
00:31:04,964 --> 00:31:06,397
<i>important thing</i>

936
00:31:06,497 --> 00:31:08,199
<i>and not the dance.</i>

937
00:31:12,003 --> 00:31:13,938
- You can't talk about jazz dance
- In America

938
00:31:14,038 --> 00:31:15,907
- without talking about
- Katherine Dunham.

939
00:31:16,007 --> 00:31:17,609
- I know you can talk
- About Jack Cole

940
00:31:17,709 --> 00:31:19,027
but you got to talk

941
00:31:19,028 --> 00:31:20,345
about Katherine Dunham.

942
00:31:22,547 --> 00:31:23,865
<i>For us, she is the mother</i>

943
00:31:23,866 --> 00:31:25,183
<i>of all dance in America</i>

944
00:31:25,250 --> 00:31:27,436
<i>because it is that</i>

945
00:31:27,437 --> 00:31:29,621
<i>African heartbeat</i>

946
00:31:29,721 --> 00:31:32,174
<i>that has defined</i>

947
00:31:29,721 --> 00:31:34,626
<i>to the world.</i>

948
00:31:32,175 --> 00:31:34,626
<i>the style of America</i>

949
00:31:34,726 --> 00:31:36,995
She was influenced

950
00:31:36,996 --> 00:31:39,264
by Afro-Caribbean movements

951
00:31:39,364 --> 00:31:41,449
combined with Graham

952
00:31:41,450 --> 00:31:43,534
and classical ballet.

953
00:31:43,601 --> 00:31:44,786
<i>And she, not</i>

954
00:31:44,787 --> 00:31:45,970
<i>unlike Jack Cole,</i>

955
00:31:46,070 --> 00:31:47,655
<i>had studied</i>

956
00:31:47,656 --> 00:31:49,240
<i>Eastern dance.</i>

957
00:31:50,575 --> 00:31:52,193
[Smith]<i> She actually started</i>

958
00:31:52,194 --> 00:31:53,811
<i>as an anthropologist.</i>

959
00:31:53,912 --> 00:31:55,330
<i>And through her studies</i>

960
00:31:55,331 --> 00:31:56,748
<i>in anthropology,</i>

961
00:31:56,814 --> 00:31:58,650
that led her to dance.

962
00:31:58,750 --> 00:32:00,118
Because she realized dance

963
00:32:00,119 --> 00:32:01,486
was one of the oldest things

964
00:32:01,586 --> 00:32:03,038
that humans have been

965
00:32:03,039 --> 00:32:04,489
doing on this planet.

966
00:32:04,589 --> 00:32:05,941
[Danny Buraczeski]

967
00:32:04,589 --> 00:32:07,292
<i>puritanical ideas</i>

968
00:32:05,942 --> 00:32:07,292
<i>Americans have these</i>

969
00:32:07,392 --> 00:32:08,993
<i>- about the body
- And about sex.</i>

970
00:32:09,093 --> 00:32:10,695
<i>And because it was so...</i>

971
00:32:10,696 --> 00:32:12,297
<i>uh, it wasn't sexy,</i>

972
00:32:12,397 --> 00:32:14,557
- but it was so sensual,
- They had completely devalued

973
00:32:14,599 --> 00:32:16,051
<i>what she was doing even</i>

974
00:32:14,599 --> 00:32:17,502
<i>extraordinary.</i>

975
00:32:16,052 --> 00:32:17,502
<i>though it was just</i>

976
00:32:17,602 --> 00:32:18,870
And she was a scholar,

977
00:32:18,871 --> 00:32:20,138
researcher,

978
00:32:20,238 --> 00:32:22,173
- made a phenomenal
- Movement.

979
00:32:22,273 --> 00:32:24,842
- I mean, the Dunham technique
- Is just breathtaking

980
00:32:24,943 --> 00:32:26,611
<i>- but they just
- Devalued it.</i>

981
00:32:30,615 --> 00:32:32,484
As a child growing up

982
00:32:32,485 --> 00:32:34,352
in Houston, Texas, in the '50s,

983
00:32:34,452 --> 00:32:36,321
everything was segregated.

984
00:32:36,421 --> 00:32:39,157
Water fountains, white only.

985
00:32:39,257 --> 00:32:40,292
Movie theaters,

986
00:32:40,293 --> 00:32:41,326
white only.

987
00:32:41,426 --> 00:32:44,095
Restaurants, white only.

988
00:32:44,162 --> 00:32:45,513
And the dance schools

989
00:32:45,514 --> 00:32:46,864
were no different.

990
00:32:46,965 --> 00:32:48,583
They were not really allowing

991
00:32:48,584 --> 00:32:50,201
Black children

992
00:32:50,301 --> 00:32:51,669
to train and dance

993
00:32:51,670 --> 00:32:53,037
with white children.

994
00:32:53,137 --> 00:32:55,206
- I went to the local school,
- Mr. DeBato,

995
00:32:55,306 --> 00:32:56,825
and I learned tap dancing

996
00:32:56,826 --> 00:32:58,343
and a little ballet.

997
00:32:58,443 --> 00:33:00,879
But I had a bigger image

998
00:33:00,880 --> 00:33:03,314
of what I wanted to learn.

999
00:33:03,381 --> 00:33:05,667
And it was actually

1000
00:33:05,668 --> 00:33:07,952
Patrick Swayze's mom,

1001
00:33:08,019 --> 00:33:09,704
Patsy Swayze,

1002
00:33:09,705 --> 00:33:11,389
who taught jazz dance,

1003
00:33:11,489 --> 00:33:13,274
who saw me outside

1004
00:33:13,275 --> 00:33:15,059
of her school.

1005
00:33:15,159 --> 00:33:17,562
I was peeping through the window

1006
00:33:17,662 --> 00:33:19,447
and she and that wonderful

1007
00:33:19,448 --> 00:33:21,232
Southern drawl,

1008
00:33:21,332 --> 00:33:22,750
"Little girl,

1009
00:33:22,751 --> 00:33:24,168
what you doing out here?

1010
00:33:24,235 --> 00:33:25,303
Can you dance?"

1011
00:33:25,370 --> 00:33:26,738
I said, "Yes, ma'am."

1012
00:33:26,838 --> 00:33:28,273
She said, "Well, bring

1013
00:33:28,274 --> 00:33:29,707
your shoes tomorrow."

1014
00:33:29,807 --> 00:33:32,277
And so, she allowed me

1015
00:33:32,278 --> 00:33:34,746
to come and take the class.

1016
00:33:34,846 --> 00:33:36,364
[Rick Odums]<i> I just happened</i>

1017
00:33:36,365 --> 00:33:37,882
<i>to see a dance performance</i>

1018
00:33:37,982 --> 00:33:39,267
and I was fortunate enough

1019
00:33:39,268 --> 00:33:40,551
to meet

1020
00:33:40,651 --> 00:33:42,036
the principal dancer,

1021
00:33:42,037 --> 00:33:43,421
who was Debbie Allen.

1022
00:33:43,521 --> 00:33:45,223
-And she was from
- Houston like me.

1023
00:33:45,323 --> 00:33:46,591
So, I asked her,

1024
00:33:46,691 --> 00:33:48,926
-"Where can I learn to do
- This?" And she told me,

1025
00:33:49,027 --> 00:33:51,763
- "You need to go see a woman
- By the name of Patsy Swayze."

1026
00:33:51,863 --> 00:33:53,731
- Because unfortunately,
- At that time,

1027
00:33:53,831 --> 00:33:55,433
or fortunately for us,

1028
00:33:55,533 --> 00:33:57,385
she was the only dance teacher

1029
00:33:57,386 --> 00:33:59,237
in the entire state of Texas

1030
00:33:59,337 --> 00:34:01,039
that would accept Black people

1031
00:34:01,040 --> 00:34:02,740
at her school.

1032
00:34:02,840 --> 00:34:04,976
<i>Patsy was considered to be</i>

1033
00:34:02,840 --> 00:34:07,111
<i>jazz dance teachers.</i>

1034
00:34:04,977 --> 00:34:07,111
<i>one of the prominent</i>

1035
00:34:07,211 --> 00:34:08,746
<i>- And from my
- Understanding,</i>

1036
00:34:08,846 --> 00:34:10,615
<i>- Patsy had basically
- Based her work</i>

1037
00:34:10,715 --> 00:34:12,717
<i>- on the teacher that
- She had studied with,</i>

1038
00:34:12,784 --> 00:34:13,852
<i>who was Matt Mattox</i>

1039
00:34:13,853 --> 00:34:14,919
<i>at that time.</i>

1040
00:34:16,721 --> 00:34:18,490
[Bob Boross]<i> Matt never</i>

1041
00:34:18,491 --> 00:34:20,258
<i>called his work jazz dance.</i>

1042
00:34:20,358 --> 00:34:22,260
<i>- He was of the thinking
- Real jazz dance</i>

1043
00:34:22,360 --> 00:34:23,645
<i>is the social and</i>

1044
00:34:23,646 --> 00:34:24,929
<i>vernacular forms of jazz.</i>

1045
00:34:25,029 --> 00:34:26,831
Back in the late 1940s,

1046
00:34:25,029 --> 00:34:28,633
was creating a class

1047
00:34:26,832 --> 00:34:28,633
Eugene Loring

1048
00:34:28,733 --> 00:34:30,468
-called freestyle,
- Where he's saying,

1049
00:34:30,568 --> 00:34:32,713
-"I want to take the best - Of the ballet,
- The best of modern,

1050
00:34:32,737 --> 00:34:34,105
the best of jazz,

1051
00:34:32,737 --> 00:34:35,473
and put them in together

1052
00:34:34,106 --> 00:34:35,473
the best of this,

1053
00:34:35,573 --> 00:34:38,276
to one American form of dance."

1054
00:34:38,376 --> 00:34:39,761
So, Matt was there

1055
00:34:39,762 --> 00:34:41,145
during that process

1056
00:34:41,245 --> 00:34:42,814
<i>and would teach there.</i>

1057
00:34:42,914 --> 00:34:44,199
<i>So eventually, when Matt</i>

1058
00:34:42,914 --> 00:34:45,483
<i>Loring</i>

1059
00:34:44,200 --> 00:34:45,483
<i>left, he had that from</i>

1060
00:34:45,583 --> 00:34:47,223
<i>- and then he had worked
- With Jack Cole,</i>

1061
00:34:47,251 --> 00:34:49,153
<i>- so he had the style
- Of Jack Cole.</i>

1062
00:34:49,253 --> 00:34:50,355
<i>And those two things</i>

1063
00:34:50,356 --> 00:34:51,456
<i>came together</i>

1064
00:34:51,556 --> 00:34:52,957
<i>in his later teaching.</i>

1065
00:34:53,057 --> 00:34:54,242
[counting in

1066
00:34:54,243 --> 00:34:55,426
[foreign language]

1067
00:34:58,062 --> 00:34:59,902
- [Nat Horne]<i> I heard</i>
<i>- Someone beating a drum,</i>

1068
00:34:59,931 --> 00:35:02,076
<i>- one of those tom-tom drums,
- Down on the hall and I said,</i>

1069
00:35:02,100 --> 00:35:04,381
-"Who was beating this drum
- Every day I come to class?"

1070
00:35:04,435 --> 00:35:06,471
And they said that's the

1071
00:35:06,472 --> 00:35:08,506
class by Matt Mattox.

1072
00:35:08,606 --> 00:35:09,924
Our jazz teacher.

1073
00:35:09,925 --> 00:35:11,242
So, I opened the door

1074
00:35:11,309 --> 00:35:13,411
<i>- and I went in and I looked,
- I listened.</i>

1075
00:35:13,478 --> 00:35:15,146
<i>And I saw all these</i>

1076
00:35:13,478 --> 00:35:16,814
<i>training.</i>

1077
00:35:15,147 --> 00:35:16,814
<i>isolations, and the</i>

1078
00:35:16,914 --> 00:35:18,950
<i>They stood in one spot</i>

1079
00:35:18,951 --> 00:35:20,985
<i>for almost half an hour</i>

1080
00:35:21,085 --> 00:35:23,154
<i>- or 45 minutes just doing
- Body isolation,</i>

1081
00:35:23,254 --> 00:35:24,455
<i>head, shoulders,</i>

1082
00:35:24,456 --> 00:35:25,656
<i>rib cage, hips, legs,</i>

1083
00:35:25,756 --> 00:35:26,874
<i>parallel legs,</i>

1084
00:35:26,875 --> 00:35:27,992
<i>turn their arms.</i>

1085
00:35:28,092 --> 00:35:29,644
<i>All of these different</i>

1086
00:35:28,092 --> 00:35:31,195
<i>to ballet."</i>

1087
00:35:29,645 --> 00:35:31,195
<i>position. I say, "That's close</i>

1088
00:35:31,295 --> 00:35:32,763
<i>- To me, that was
- The closest thing</i>

1089
00:35:32,830 --> 00:35:34,265
<i>- to ballet technique
- I can get.</i>

1090
00:35:34,332 --> 00:35:36,101
<i>And so, that's</i>

1091
00:35:36,102 --> 00:35:37,869
<i>why I started it.</i>

1092
00:35:37,969 --> 00:35:40,505
- [Boross]<i> So, Matt was taking</i>
<i>- These ideas from Jack Cole.</i>

1093
00:35:40,605 --> 00:35:42,749
<i>- He said, "When I first -
Started teaching in New - York,</i>

1094
00:35:42,773 --> 00:35:45,510
- I was teaching for two years, -
Anything I learned - from Jack Cole

1095
00:35:45,610 --> 00:35:47,254
- and the students
- Could not do it because

1096
00:35:47,278 --> 00:35:49,380
- of the isolated nature
- Of the movement."

1097
00:35:49,480 --> 00:35:50,848
<i>And that's when he</i>

1098
00:35:49,480 --> 00:35:52,216
<i>exercises so they figure out</i>

1099
00:35:50,849 --> 00:35:52,216
<i>said, "How do I make up</i>

1100
00:35:52,316 --> 00:35:53,601
<i>how to move individual</i>

1101
00:35:53,602 --> 00:35:54,886
<i>parts of their body?"</i>

1102
00:35:54,986 --> 00:35:57,522
-<i>So, between head,</i>
- <i>Shoulders, rib cage, pelvis,</i>

1103
00:35:57,622 --> 00:35:59,724
<i>- those were, you know,
- The things that led him</i>

1104
00:35:59,824 --> 00:36:01,392
<i>to create the exercises</i>

1105
00:36:01,393 --> 00:36:02,960
<i>that he did.</i>

1106
00:36:08,332 --> 00:36:11,402
Accent, reflex,

1107
00:36:11,502 --> 00:36:15,406
rhythm, dynamics, relax.

1108
00:36:24,015 --> 00:36:25,750
[Horne]<i> Matt and Jack did not</i>

1109
00:36:24,015 --> 00:36:27,485
<i>face.</i>

1110
00:36:25,751 --> 00:36:27,485
<i>want any expressions in their</i>

1111
00:36:27,552 --> 00:36:29,104
<i>No expression.</i>

1112
00:36:29,105 --> 00:36:30,655
<i>Keep that all inside.</i>

1113
00:36:30,721 --> 00:36:32,273
And I wanted to express

1114
00:36:32,274 --> 00:36:33,824
what I was feeling.

1115
00:36:33,891 --> 00:36:36,394
- Matt would say,
- "Why are you smiling, Nat?"

1116
00:36:36,494 --> 00:36:39,430
- I said, because I can feel this,
- I'm enjoying the music.

1117
00:36:39,530 --> 00:36:41,599
"No smiles." Cut.

1118
00:36:46,404 --> 00:36:47,972
[Martine]

1119
00:36:47,973 --> 00:36:49,540
<i>Matt was a very integral</i>

1120
00:36:49,607 --> 00:36:50,909
<i>and simple</i>

1121
00:36:50,910 --> 00:36:52,210
<i>and truth man.</i>

1122
00:36:52,276 --> 00:36:54,195
He never try to be false

1123
00:36:54,196 --> 00:36:56,113
or to use...

1124
00:36:56,214 --> 00:36:57,415
he was always doubting

1125
00:36:57,416 --> 00:36:58,616
about himself.

1126
00:36:58,716 --> 00:37:00,851
- And trying always to get...
- To get better

1127
00:37:00,918 --> 00:37:02,386
because it was never enough,

1128
00:37:02,387 --> 00:37:03,854
you know,

1129
00:37:03,921 --> 00:37:05,590
and I have learned that

1130
00:37:05,591 --> 00:37:07,258
about him.

1131
00:37:07,358 --> 00:37:09,760
I have a great respect and love.

1132
00:37:11,862 --> 00:37:12,997
<i>Each people would teach</i>

1133
00:37:12,998 --> 00:37:14,131
<i>his technique.</i>

1134
00:37:14,232 --> 00:37:15,417
<i>Teach the way</i>

1135
00:37:15,418 --> 00:37:16,601
<i>they understand it.</i>

1136
00:37:16,701 --> 00:37:18,636
<i>And then they put back with</i>

1137
00:37:18,637 --> 00:37:20,571
<i>it their own sensibility.</i>

1138
00:37:26,744 --> 00:37:27,996
[Vicki Willis]<i> One of</i>

1139
00:37:27,997 --> 00:37:29,247
<i>my teachers in Calgary</i>

1140
00:37:29,313 --> 00:37:30,982
<i>came back from New York</i>

1141
00:37:31,082 --> 00:37:32,650
with this crazy technique.

1142
00:37:32,750 --> 00:37:34,185
And she had been studying

1143
00:37:34,186 --> 00:37:35,620
with Matt Mattox.

1144
00:37:35,720 --> 00:37:37,505
And so, she was a very

1145
00:37:37,506 --> 00:37:39,290
thorough teacher

1146
00:37:39,390 --> 00:37:41,059
and we were really immersed

1147
00:37:41,060 --> 00:37:42,727
in Matt's technique.

1148
00:37:42,793 --> 00:37:44,428
- Then, at one point,
- She came back

1149
00:37:44,495 --> 00:37:45,997
from her New York travels

1150
00:37:45,998 --> 00:37:47,498
and all of a sudden,

1151
00:37:47,598 --> 00:37:50,668
- we had our arms above our head
- And we were stretching this way.

1152
00:37:50,768 --> 00:37:52,837
And we started doing Luigi work.

1153
00:37:52,937 --> 00:37:54,305
The Luigi Technique,

1154
00:37:54,306 --> 00:37:55,673
much of the most,

1155
00:37:55,773 --> 00:37:57,341
important draw about it

1156
00:37:57,342 --> 00:37:58,909
was the man himself.

1157
00:37:58,976 --> 00:38:01,412
[man]<i> First port de bras.</i>

1158
00:38:02,246 --> 00:38:03,681
<i>Five, six...</i>

1159
00:38:03,781 --> 00:38:05,392
- [Bill Waldinger]<i> Luigi</i>
<i>- Had been in a car accident</i>

1160
00:38:05,416 --> 00:38:06,751
<i>and he was paralyzed</i>

1161
00:38:06,752 --> 00:38:08,085
<i>on one side of his body</i>

1162
00:38:08,152 --> 00:38:09,837
<i>and the doctors told</i>

1163
00:38:08,152 --> 00:38:11,522
<i>again,</i>

1164
00:38:09,838 --> 00:38:11,522
<i>him he would never walk</i>

1165
00:38:11,622 --> 00:38:13,241
And determined to dance

1166
00:38:13,242 --> 00:38:14,859
again because he was a dancer.

1167
00:38:14,959 --> 00:38:17,145
He developed a way

1168
00:38:17,146 --> 00:38:19,330
of rehabilitating his body.

1169
00:38:19,430 --> 00:38:21,165
- Stretch the right arm
- Over to the left.

1170
00:38:21,265 --> 00:38:22,717
[Roach]<i> His exercises were</i>

1171
00:38:21,265 --> 00:38:24,168
<i>nature</i>

1172
00:38:22,718 --> 00:38:24,168
<i>much more of a serious</i>

1173
00:38:24,268 --> 00:38:25,686
<i>because of what</i>

1174
00:38:25,687 --> 00:38:27,104
<i>they had to do.</i>

1175
00:38:27,171 --> 00:38:31,876
His technique had to rebuild

1176
00:38:31,976 --> 00:38:33,928
a really broken spirit

1177
00:38:33,929 --> 00:38:35,880
and a really broken body.

1178
00:38:35,980 --> 00:38:37,632
He used the image

1179
00:38:37,633 --> 00:38:39,283
of pressing down on the bar.

1180
00:38:39,350 --> 00:38:40,785
Right? There would be

1181
00:38:39,350 --> 00:38:42,219
and he would press down on it

1182
00:38:40,786 --> 00:38:42,219
this imaginary bar

1183
00:38:42,320 --> 00:38:44,355
<i>and use it to lift his</i>

1184
00:38:42,320 --> 00:38:46,390
<i>leg.</i>

1185
00:38:44,356 --> 00:38:46,390
<i>weight out of the paralyzed</i>

1186
00:38:46,490 --> 00:38:47,892
Both arms in front of you.

1187
00:38:47,992 --> 00:38:49,560
<i>- He would start
- Out at the bar,</i>

1188
00:38:49,660 --> 00:38:50,945
<i>use the bar for support,</i>

1189
00:38:50,946 --> 00:38:52,229
<i>do these exercises</i>

1190
00:38:52,330 --> 00:38:53,964
<i>- and then step away
- From the bar</i>

1191
00:38:54,031 --> 00:38:55,449
<i>and press down on</i>

1192
00:38:55,450 --> 00:38:56,867
<i>this imaginary bar.</i>

1193
00:38:56,967 --> 00:38:58,302
<i>And that is the foundation</i>

1194
00:38:58,303 --> 00:38:59,637
<i>of the technique,</i>

1195
00:38:59,704 --> 00:39:02,056
<i>this idea of using the space</i>

1196
00:39:02,057 --> 00:39:04,408
<i>in the room for the support.</i>

1197
00:39:04,508 --> 00:39:06,677
Pass� and down.

1198
00:39:06,744 --> 00:39:09,247
<i>And so,</i>

1199
00:39:06,744 --> 00:39:11,749
<i>extremely slowly</i>

1200
00:39:09,248 --> 00:39:11,749
<i>he would do these exercises</i>

1201
00:39:11,849 --> 00:39:13,751
- and talk about what everything
- Felt like.

1202
00:39:13,851 --> 00:39:16,253
- It really was not
- About what it looked like.

1203
00:39:16,354 --> 00:39:18,255
It was about what it felt like.

1204
00:39:18,356 --> 00:39:20,257
- -Now, 15 seconds...
- <i>-The energy in that room</i>

1205
00:39:20,358 --> 00:39:21,392
<i>was not like</i>

1206
00:39:21,393 --> 00:39:22,426
<i>anybody else's class.</i>

1207
00:39:22,526 --> 00:39:23,978
<i>He was really, really</i>

1208
00:39:23,979 --> 00:39:25,429
<i>remarkable in that way.</i>

1209
00:39:25,529 --> 00:39:26,864
Left arm in your chest.

1210
00:39:26,931 --> 00:39:28,675
- [Blake]<i> He was so intensely</i>
<i>- Involved in it</i>

1211
00:39:28,699 --> 00:39:29,850
that it just didn't...

1212
00:39:29,851 --> 00:39:31,001
it was infectious.

1213
00:39:31,068 --> 00:39:33,771
-Like, when he starts
- Moving his chest and shoulders,

1214
00:39:33,871 --> 00:39:35,490
it was like you could see

1215
00:39:35,491 --> 00:39:37,108
he was in a trance practically.

1216
00:39:37,208 --> 00:39:38,660
And we just loved it.

1217
00:39:38,661 --> 00:39:40,111
I mean, I had to follow that.

1218
00:39:40,211 --> 00:39:42,113
And I did for quite a while.

1219
00:39:42,213 --> 00:39:43,564
In five, six,

1220
00:39:43,565 --> 00:39:44,915
seven, brush.

1221
00:39:45,015 --> 00:39:47,234
A one, two, toe, heel,

1222
00:39:47,235 --> 00:39:49,453
toe, heel.

1223
00:39:49,553 --> 00:39:51,455
Pass� back. Brush.

1224
00:39:51,555 --> 00:39:53,958
Repeat. Toe, heel.

1225
00:39:59,563 --> 00:40:01,375
- [DeFrantz]<i> It's complicated</i>
<i>- To try to understand</i>

1226
00:40:01,399 --> 00:40:02,584
<i>how Latin rhythms</i>

1227
00:40:02,585 --> 00:40:03,768
<i>or Latin expression</i>

1228
00:40:03,868 --> 00:40:06,321
<i>becomes embedded inside</i>

1229
00:40:03,868 --> 00:40:08,773
<i>jazz.</i>

1230
00:40:06,322 --> 00:40:08,773
<i>something we think of as</i>

1231
00:40:08,873 --> 00:40:10,575
<i>So many of the enslaved</i>

1232
00:40:10,576 --> 00:40:12,276
<i>African people</i>

1233
00:40:12,376 --> 00:40:14,011
<i>were brought through</i>

1234
00:40:12,376 --> 00:40:15,646
<i>to the Caribbean.</i>

1235
00:40:14,012 --> 00:40:15,646
<i>the Middle Passage</i>

1236
00:40:15,746 --> 00:40:18,316
<i>And most Africans were then</i>

1237
00:40:18,317 --> 00:40:20,885
<i>stolen to South America.</i>

1238
00:40:20,951 --> 00:40:23,421
So, these affiliations

1239
00:40:23,422 --> 00:40:25,890
and sort of windings

1240
00:40:25,956 --> 00:40:27,375
through and

1241
00:40:27,376 --> 00:40:28,793
sharings are as old

1242
00:40:28,893 --> 00:40:30,394
as the slave trade.

1243
00:40:33,397 --> 00:40:34,599
[Sekou McMiller]

1244
00:40:33,397 --> 00:40:35,800
<i>that came into Brazil</i>

1245
00:40:34,600 --> 00:40:35,800
<i>These are rhythms</i>

1246
00:40:35,900 --> 00:40:37,068
and into the Caribbean

1247
00:40:37,069 --> 00:40:38,235
and into New Orleans

1248
00:40:38,302 --> 00:40:39,437
and they're starting

1249
00:40:39,438 --> 00:40:40,571
to fuse them.

1250
00:40:40,638 --> 00:40:42,198
-And people say,
- "Oh, it's new music.

1251
00:40:42,239 --> 00:40:43,474
Oh, it's new music."

1252
00:40:43,574 --> 00:40:45,743
But really, it's more like

1253
00:40:45,744 --> 00:40:47,912
a great reunion

1254
00:40:47,978 --> 00:40:49,463
<i>of a culture of music</i>

1255
00:40:49,464 --> 00:40:50,948
<i>that was once one.</i>

1256
00:40:54,452 --> 00:40:56,154
[Brenda Bufalino]<i> Cuban music</i>

1257
00:40:54,452 --> 00:40:57,855
<i>jazz.</i>

1258
00:40:56,155 --> 00:40:57,855
<i>had a great influence on</i>

1259
00:40:57,955 --> 00:40:59,724
<i>Then when the bars</i>

1260
00:40:59,725 --> 00:41:01,492
<i>went up on Cuba,</i>

1261
00:41:01,592 --> 00:41:03,060
American jazz switched

1262
00:41:03,061 --> 00:41:04,528
to Brazilian music

1263
00:41:04,628 --> 00:41:05,863
for its influences.

1264
00:41:05,963 --> 00:41:07,365
And so then,

1265
00:41:07,366 --> 00:41:08,766
we started having cool jazz.

1266
00:41:12,336 --> 00:41:13,854
[Joshua Bergasse]

1267
00:41:12,336 --> 00:41:15,372
<i>about musicality</i>

1268
00:41:13,855 --> 00:41:15,372
<i>There's something</i>

1269
00:41:15,473 --> 00:41:17,342
<i>and syncopation</i>

1270
00:41:17,343 --> 00:41:19,210
<i>that excites me.</i>

1271
00:41:19,310 --> 00:41:20,344
<i>I was doing a show</i>

1272
00:41:20,345 --> 00:41:21,378
<i>and the songwriter,</i>

1273
00:41:21,479 --> 00:41:23,681
<i>he was on my case about</i>

1274
00:41:21,479 --> 00:41:25,883
<i>syncopated.</i>

1275
00:41:23,682 --> 00:41:25,883
<i>everything being so</i>

1276
00:41:25,983 --> 00:41:28,552
<i>- I was talking about my father
- Who's from Brazil.</i>

1277
00:41:28,652 --> 00:41:30,354
And he said,

1278
00:41:30,355 --> 00:41:32,056
"Oh, that's what it is."

1279
00:41:32,156 --> 00:41:34,191
"You're Brazilian.

1280
00:41:34,291 --> 00:41:36,894
-That's where all of
- Your syncopation comes from.

1281
00:41:36,994 --> 00:41:38,472
- That's why
- You're driving me crazy

1282
00:41:38,496 --> 00:41:41,699
<i>with this syncopation."</i>

1283
00:41:41,799 --> 00:41:43,184
<i>Some of these innovators</i>

1284
00:41:43,185 --> 00:41:44,568
<i>start to claim Latin</i>

1285
00:41:44,668 --> 00:41:46,537
<i>as kind of their difference</i>

1286
00:41:46,538 --> 00:41:48,405
<i>in jazz.</i>

1287
00:41:48,506 --> 00:41:49,540
<i>But if we really</i>

1288
00:41:49,541 --> 00:41:50,574
<i>wanna understand,</i>

1289
00:41:50,674 --> 00:41:51,926
<i>I mean, that starts</i>

1290
00:41:51,927 --> 00:41:53,177
<i>from the beginning.</i>

1291
00:41:54,645 --> 00:41:56,347
I grew up in Cincinnati,

1292
00:41:56,348 --> 00:41:58,048
Ohio, in the '70s.

1293
00:41:58,148 --> 00:41:59,583
-I went to a little
- Dance school

1294
00:41:59,683 --> 00:42:01,485
-and so like
- Many other kids in America,

1295
00:42:01,552 --> 00:42:04,088
-I started with tap ballet.
- I started when I was three.

1296
00:42:04,188 --> 00:42:06,140
<i>And in my teenage</i>

1297
00:42:04,188 --> 00:42:08,092
<i>Chicago.</i>

1298
00:42:06,141 --> 00:42:08,092
<i>years, I went to Giordano's in</i>

1299
00:42:08,192 --> 00:42:09,477
<i>That was the first time</i>

1300
00:42:09,478 --> 00:42:10,761
<i>I had gone away from home.</i>

1301
00:42:10,861 --> 00:42:12,396
<i>But it was the first time</i>

1302
00:42:10,861 --> 00:42:13,931
<i>class</i>

1303
00:42:12,397 --> 00:42:13,931
<i>also I felt like an adult in</i>

1304
00:42:14,031 --> 00:42:15,599
and really had a mentality

1305
00:42:15,600 --> 00:42:17,167
and a fighting thing

1306
00:42:17,234 --> 00:42:19,370
- that was underneath
- To say, "You can do this."

1307
00:42:24,041 --> 00:42:25,209
[Phil Laduca]<i> From Gus,</i>

1308
00:42:25,210 --> 00:42:26,377
<i>I learned discipline.</i>

1309
00:42:26,443 --> 00:42:28,078
<i>I learned that the body</i>

1310
00:42:28,178 --> 00:42:31,181
has to balance in a certain way.

1311
00:42:31,248 --> 00:42:32,767
It has to move

1312
00:42:32,768 --> 00:42:34,285
and counter move.

1313
00:42:34,385 --> 00:42:36,404
And those disciplines

1314
00:42:36,405 --> 00:42:38,422
were not what I was used to

1315
00:42:38,522 --> 00:42:40,291
in the freestyle improvising

1316
00:42:40,292 --> 00:42:42,059
of street dancing.

1317
00:42:46,230 --> 00:42:47,381
[Nan Giordano]<i> The</i>

1318
00:42:46,230 --> 00:42:48,532
<i>Technique,</i>

1319
00:42:47,382 --> 00:42:48,532
<i>markers of the Giordano</i>

1320
00:42:48,599 --> 00:42:49,617
<i>the movement comes</i>

1321
00:42:49,618 --> 00:42:50,634
<i>from the pelvis.</i>

1322
00:42:50,734 --> 00:42:52,903
<i>- And that's where everything
- Comes from.</i>

1323
00:42:52,970 --> 00:42:54,672
<i>So, it's got</i>

1324
00:42:54,673 --> 00:42:56,373
<i>a very organic quality.</i>

1325
00:42:56,440 --> 00:42:57,625
It's combining

1326
00:42:57,626 --> 00:42:58,809
the groundedness,

1327
00:42:58,909 --> 00:43:00,845
influence from Africa

1328
00:43:00,846 --> 00:43:02,780
with the ballet world.

1329
00:43:02,880 --> 00:43:04,682
Very technical and you

1330
00:43:04,683 --> 00:43:06,483
have to have amazing technique.

1331
00:43:06,584 --> 00:43:08,286
And then the modern world,

1332
00:43:08,287 --> 00:43:09,987
it's really a combination

1333
00:43:10,087 --> 00:43:11,739
<i>of the major</i>

1334
00:43:11,740 --> 00:43:13,390
<i>dance disciplines.</i>

1335
00:43:17,094 --> 00:43:18,662
<i>It's got to be real.</i>

1336
00:43:18,762 --> 00:43:21,198
<i>That was a slogan that my</i>

1337
00:43:21,199 --> 00:43:23,634
<i>father continually said.</i>

1338
00:43:23,734 --> 00:43:25,619
<i>The way that he lived</i>

1339
00:43:25,620 --> 00:43:27,504
<i>his life was with energy,</i>

1340
00:43:27,605 --> 00:43:29,406
<i>power, radiant,</i>

1341
00:43:29,473 --> 00:43:31,976
<i>and touching people's lives</i>

1342
00:43:31,977 --> 00:43:34,478
<i>through jazz dance.</i>

1343
00:43:37,615 --> 00:43:39,984
- There's a misconception
- About the relationship to...

1344
00:43:40,084 --> 00:43:41,352
between ballet and jazz.

1345
00:43:41,452 --> 00:43:43,520
- And it's really important
- That people understand

1346
00:43:43,621 --> 00:43:45,239
that there has been this kind of

1347
00:43:45,240 --> 00:43:46,857
very deep relationship

1348
00:43:46,957 --> 00:43:48,576
<i>that George Balanchine had</i>

1349
00:43:48,577 --> 00:43:50,194
<i>with the jazz dancing body.</i>

1350
00:43:50,294 --> 00:43:51,912
<i>Balanchine had direct contact</i>

1351
00:43:50,294 --> 00:43:53,530
<i>bodies</i>

1352
00:43:51,913 --> 00:43:53,530
<i>with some of these Black</i>

1353
00:43:53,631 --> 00:43:55,032
<i>during the time</i>

1354
00:43:55,033 --> 00:43:56,433
<i>of the Harlem Renaissance.</i>

1355
00:43:56,500 --> 00:43:58,335
Josephine Baker,

1356
00:43:56,500 --> 00:44:00,170
in the United States.

1357
00:43:58,336 --> 00:44:00,170
she was a very prominent artist

1358
00:44:00,270 --> 00:44:01,572
<i>Well, what Balanchine</i>

1359
00:44:01,573 --> 00:44:02,873
<i>appreciated about Josephine</i>

1360
00:44:02,973 --> 00:44:04,508
<i>was her ability to get down,</i>

1361
00:44:04,509 --> 00:44:06,043
<i>that polycentric body,</i>

1362
00:44:06,143 --> 00:44:08,655
<i>- multiple centers in the body -
That could articulate and - speak</i>

1363
00:44:08,679 --> 00:44:10,114
<i>to each other</i>

1364
00:44:10,115 --> 00:44:11,548
<i>all at the same time.</i>

1365
00:44:11,649 --> 00:44:12,967
<i>And so, he was looking</i>

1366
00:44:12,968 --> 00:44:14,284
<i>at ballet and deciding that</i>

1367
00:44:14,351 --> 00:44:16,053
- he wanted to make
- Something new,

1368
00:44:16,153 --> 00:44:18,465
- thought, "Well, what if I take
- These Africanist aesthetics

1369
00:44:18,489 --> 00:44:19,974
from this particular body

1370
00:44:19,975 --> 00:44:21,458
and the jazz dancing body

1371
00:44:21,525 --> 00:44:23,193
- and I incorporate that
- Into ballet?

1372
00:44:23,293 --> 00:44:24,795
<i>What does that do to take</i>

1373
00:44:24,796 --> 00:44:26,296
<i>ballet off of its axis?"</i>

1374
00:44:26,363 --> 00:44:27,715
Somebody like Jerome

1375
00:44:27,716 --> 00:44:29,066
Robbins, his jazz

1376
00:44:29,166 --> 00:44:30,284
is absolutely

1377
00:44:30,285 --> 00:44:31,402
based in ballet.

1378
00:44:31,502 --> 00:44:32,520
But he's taken

1379
00:44:32,521 --> 00:44:33,537
on that jazz

1380
00:44:33,637 --> 00:44:35,940
<i>to exemplify the character</i>

1381
00:44:35,941 --> 00:44:38,242
<i>that is being portrayed.</i>

1382
00:44:38,342 --> 00:44:40,244
[Linda Murray]<i> Robbins is</i>

1383
00:44:38,342 --> 00:44:42,146
<i>he was rejected</i>

1384
00:44:40,245 --> 00:44:42,146
<i>made by virtue of the fact that</i>

1385
00:44:42,212 --> 00:44:43,572
-from school of
- American ballet,

1386
00:44:43,647 --> 00:44:45,291
-which is the New York City
- Ballet School,

1387
00:44:45,315 --> 00:44:46,717
the Balanchine School.

1388
00:44:46,817 --> 00:44:48,185
He was rejected from there

1389
00:44:48,186 --> 00:44:49,553
and he gets his start

1390
00:44:49,653 --> 00:44:51,188
with Gluck Sandor,

1391
00:44:51,189 --> 00:44:52,723
who's teaching modern dance.

1392
00:44:52,823 --> 00:44:54,742
A friend of mine said,

1393
00:44:54,743 --> 00:44:56,660
"Oh, you've got to see this."

1394
00:44:56,727 --> 00:44:58,562
-She called it a
- Musical comedy.

1395
00:44:58,662 --> 00:45:00,364
-I said,
- "I hate musical comedies."

1396
00:45:00,431 --> 00:45:02,766
Oh, I was such a snob too.

1397
00:45:02,866 --> 00:45:04,268
- -Oh, my God.
- -What a snob.

1398
00:45:04,368 --> 00:45:06,346
- My chignon, my first position.
- Are you kidding?

1399
00:45:06,370 --> 00:45:08,048
- -It's disgusting.
- -I had never seen it.

1400
00:45:08,072 --> 00:45:09,507
-Disgusting.

1401
00:45:08,072 --> 00:45:10,941
in my life.

1402
00:45:09,508 --> 00:45:10,941
-I had never seen a musical

1403
00:45:11,041 --> 00:45:12,810
I had never been.

1404
00:45:11,041 --> 00:45:14,578
is movies, you know.

1405
00:45:12,811 --> 00:45:14,578
The only musicals I've seen

1406
00:45:14,678 --> 00:45:16,947
- And they were one of that,
- "Oh, that's not for me."

1407
00:45:17,047 --> 00:45:19,450
- She said, "Well,
- I think you should see this.

1408
00:45:19,550 --> 00:45:21,285
It's done by Jerome Robbins."

1409
00:45:21,385 --> 00:45:22,920
So, when she said,

1410
00:45:21,385 --> 00:45:24,455
and directed by Jerome,"

1411
00:45:22,921 --> 00:45:24,455
"It's choreographed

1412
00:45:24,555 --> 00:45:26,023
- -I said, "I'll go."
- -Yeah.

1413
00:45:26,090 --> 00:45:27,358
And I saw<i> West</i>

1414
00:45:27,359 --> 00:45:28,625
<i>Side Story.</i>

1415
00:45:28,726 --> 00:45:30,360
And that changed my life.

1416
00:45:30,427 --> 00:45:32,363
I went out of

1417
00:45:32,364 --> 00:45:34,298
the Sarah Bernhardt Theatre,

1418
00:45:34,398 --> 00:45:35,850
sat by the Seine,

1419
00:45:35,851 --> 00:45:37,301
by the river, and said,

1420
00:45:37,401 --> 00:45:39,920
"I have to go to New York

1421
00:45:39,921 --> 00:45:42,439
to study that."

1422
00:45:42,539 --> 00:45:44,541
And that's what I did.

1423
00:45:46,744 --> 00:45:48,195
[Bergasse]<i> The first</i>

1424
00:45:46,744 --> 00:45:49,646
<i>realized</i>

1425
00:45:48,196 --> 00:45:49,646
<i>movie, the first time I</i>

1426
00:45:49,747 --> 00:45:52,225
- I wanted to do musical theater -
Was when I saw<i> West Side - Story.</i>

1427
00:45:52,249 --> 00:45:54,218
<i>- -West Side Story.
- -West Side Story.</i>

1428
00:45:54,284 --> 00:45:55,953
<i>- -West Side Story.
- -West Side Story.</i>

1429
00:45:56,053 --> 00:45:57,555
<i>-West Side Story.</i>

1430
00:45:57,556 --> 00:45:59,056
-I mean,<i> West Side Story.</i>

1431
00:45:59,123 --> 00:46:01,709
Suddenly, a new world

1432
00:46:01,710 --> 00:46:04,294
had opened its doors to me.

1433
00:46:04,394 --> 00:46:05,829
That was jazz.

1434
00:46:05,929 --> 00:46:07,498
-That's what I
- Wanted to do.

1435
00:46:07,598 --> 00:46:08,616
Jerome Robbins' work

1436
00:46:08,617 --> 00:46:09,633
kind of exploded

1437
00:46:09,733 --> 00:46:11,635
-and that straightaway
- Captured me.

1438
00:46:12,936 --> 00:46:14,505
<i>- His choreography
- Is very muscular.</i>

1439
00:46:14,605 --> 00:46:16,173
<i>- It's very...
- It's very grand.</i>

1440
00:46:16,273 --> 00:46:17,725
<i>It has great scale.</i>

1441
00:46:17,726 --> 00:46:19,176
<i>There's a lot of danger.</i>

1442
00:46:19,276 --> 00:46:21,862
I fell in love with not only

1443
00:46:21,863 --> 00:46:24,448
Robbins' movement,

1444
00:46:24,515 --> 00:46:26,600
you know, it was this mix

1445
00:46:26,601 --> 00:46:28,685
of ballet and jazz

1446
00:46:28,786 --> 00:46:30,805
but also with his ability

1447
00:46:30,806 --> 00:46:32,823
to tell a story

1448
00:46:32,923 --> 00:46:33,791
and to convey character.

1449
00:46:33,857 --> 00:46:35,275
What<i> West Side</i>

1450
00:46:35,276 --> 00:46:36,693
<i>Story</i> showed me

1451
00:46:36,794 --> 00:46:38,362
was that you could be

1452
00:46:38,363 --> 00:46:39,930
a tough guy

1453
00:46:39,997 --> 00:46:41,999
and yet you could still dance.

1454
00:46:42,099 --> 00:46:43,600
I mean, how cool was that?

1455
00:46:43,667 --> 00:46:46,170
When they would do these

1456
00:46:46,171 --> 00:46:48,672
long, extended dance sequences,

1457
00:46:48,772 --> 00:46:50,107
<i>I understood</i>

1458
00:46:50,108 --> 00:46:51,441
<i>why they were dancing.</i>

1459
00:46:51,508 --> 00:46:52,860
<i>I understood what</i>

1460
00:46:52,861 --> 00:46:54,211
<i>they were trying to say.</i>

1461
00:46:54,311 --> 00:46:56,013
<i>And that helped me</i>

1462
00:46:56,014 --> 00:46:57,714
<i>understand the story</i>

1463
00:46:57,815 --> 00:47:00,217
<i>- and understand
- What these characters wanted</i>

1464
00:47:00,317 --> 00:47:01,602
<i>and needed and/or</i>

1465
00:47:01,603 --> 00:47:02,886
<i>were deprived of.</i>

1466
00:47:02,986 --> 00:47:04,955
<i>

1467
00:47:05,022 --> 00:47:06,791
I think, personally,

1468
00:47:05,022 --> 00:47:08,559
of good theater is

1469
00:47:06,792 --> 00:47:08,559
what the secret

1470
00:47:08,659 --> 00:47:09,810
is conflict that

1471
00:47:09,811 --> 00:47:10,961
leads to resolution.

1472
00:47:11,028 --> 00:47:12,379
Tension because

1473
00:47:12,380 --> 00:47:13,730
there is no answer.

1474
00:47:13,831 --> 00:47:16,133
- And then eventually,
- Our hero finds the answer

1475
00:47:16,200 --> 00:47:17,467
and finds his way.

1476
00:47:17,534 --> 00:47:20,137
- Bob Fosse
- Was the quintessential sculptor

1477
00:47:20,204 --> 00:47:21,805
of tension and conflict.

1478
00:47:21,872 --> 00:47:23,907
Sexual tension, conflict,

1479
00:47:24,007 --> 00:47:26,176
<i>dysfunction that's so deeply</i>

1480
00:47:26,177 --> 00:47:28,345
<i>seated from childhood,</i>

1481
00:47:28,412 --> 00:47:30,397
<i>from past marriages,</i>

1482
00:47:28,412 --> 00:47:32,382
<i>from social injustice,</i>

1483
00:47:30,398 --> 00:47:32,382
<i>from whatever it is,</i>

1484
00:47:32,482 --> 00:47:34,952
<i>it's... it goes into the body</i>

1485
00:47:32,482 --> 00:47:37,421
<i>down.</i>

1486
00:47:34,953 --> 00:47:37,421
<i>and it crunches the body</i>

1487
00:47:37,521 --> 00:47:39,473
He grew up dancing in a

1488
00:47:39,474 --> 00:47:41,425
lot of vaudeville houses.

1489
00:47:41,525 --> 00:47:42,960
I mean, he was around

1490
00:47:41,525 --> 00:47:44,394
stuff.

1491
00:47:42,961 --> 00:47:44,394
strippers and a lot of that

1492
00:47:44,494 --> 00:47:46,964
And you see a lot of that

1493
00:47:46,965 --> 00:47:49,433
influence in his work.

1494
00:47:49,533 --> 00:47:51,318
He would always say,

1495
00:47:49,533 --> 00:47:53,103
so I turned in.

1496
00:47:51,319 --> 00:47:53,103
"I couldn't turn out,

1497
00:47:53,203 --> 00:47:55,014
-And I had bad posture,
- Or whatever, you know,

1498
00:47:55,038 --> 00:47:56,478
-so I let it come down
- Like this."

1499
00:47:56,506 --> 00:47:58,475
He was, you know,

1500
00:47:58,476 --> 00:48:00,444
pigeon-toed.

1501
00:48:00,544 --> 00:48:02,179
-You know, he was
- A little guy.

1502
00:48:02,246 --> 00:48:04,114
- There always seemed
- To be something in Bob

1503
00:48:04,214 --> 00:48:05,949
that was just so cool.

1504
00:48:06,049 --> 00:48:09,620
It was just, ah, right in there.

1505
00:48:09,720 --> 00:48:10,921
<i>It was addicting.</i>

1506
00:48:10,922 --> 00:48:12,122
<i>It was heady.</i>

1507
00:48:12,222 --> 00:48:15,426
It was... it

1508
00:48:15,427 --> 00:48:18,629
was, ah, jazz.

1509
00:48:18,729 --> 00:48:20,264
<i>I think that the turning</i>

1510
00:48:18,729 --> 00:48:21,798
Game.

1511
00:48:20,265 --> 00:48:21,798
<i>point for him was</i> Pajama

1512
00:48:21,899 --> 00:48:23,334
<i>And Gwen then</i>

1513
00:48:23,335 --> 00:48:24,768
<i>entered the picture.</i>

1514
00:48:26,536 --> 00:48:27,754
<i>She was his muse,</i>

1515
00:48:27,755 --> 00:48:28,972
<i>absolutely his muse,</i>

1516
00:48:29,072 --> 00:48:31,608
<i>and I really think that the</i>

1517
00:48:31,609 --> 00:48:34,144
<i>work with Gwen sealed it.</i>

1518
00:48:34,244 --> 00:48:36,780
[Kim Greene]<i> If you look at</i>

1519
00:48:34,244 --> 00:48:39,316
<i>cookie cutters.</i>

1520
00:48:36,781 --> 00:48:39,316
<i>his dancers, there were no</i>

1521
00:48:39,416 --> 00:48:42,228
-It's not, "Oh, this is - Made up of
bunch of this and a - bunch of that."

1522
00:48:42,252 --> 00:48:43,987
-It's like, there was you.
- There was me.

1523
00:48:44,087 --> 00:48:45,956
-There was this person,
- That person.

1524
00:48:46,056 --> 00:48:47,324
We were all different.

1525
00:48:47,424 --> 00:48:49,710
We all brought our own

1526
00:48:49,711 --> 00:48:51,995
thing to the table,

1527
00:48:52,095 --> 00:48:53,330
that he would then take

1528
00:48:53,331 --> 00:48:54,564
and just mold

1529
00:48:54,631 --> 00:48:57,734
and make a masterpiece out of.

1530
00:48:57,801 --> 00:48:59,970
- So, we were doing
- The "Cell Block Tango."

1531
00:49:00,070 --> 00:49:02,506
- And, of course,
- I was speaking in Hungarian.

1532
00:49:02,606 --> 00:49:04,508
- My whole monologue was
- Hungarian.

1533
00:49:04,608 --> 00:49:05,759
And the only English

1534
00:49:05,760 --> 00:49:06,910
was "not guilty."

1535
00:49:06,977 --> 00:49:09,680
- He corrected and gave directions
- To everybody.

1536
00:49:09,780 --> 00:49:11,181
Oh, I know this.

1537
00:49:11,281 --> 00:49:13,767
And he never said a word

1538
00:49:13,768 --> 00:49:16,253
to me, bad or good or... nothing.

1539
00:49:16,320 --> 00:49:18,455
<i>So, one day I said,</i>

1540
00:49:16,320 --> 00:49:20,590
<i>what I'm doing?</i>

1541
00:49:18,456 --> 00:49:20,590
<i>"Bobby, is it okay</i>

1542
00:49:20,657 --> 00:49:22,075
<i>I mean, 'cause you haven't</i>

1543
00:49:22,076 --> 00:49:23,493
<i>said anything to me."</i>

1544
00:49:23,593 --> 00:49:24,628
<i>And he turned around,</i>

1545
00:49:24,629 --> 00:49:25,662
<i>looked at me.</i>

1546
00:49:25,762 --> 00:49:27,564
<i>He said, "Well, frankly,</i>

1547
00:49:25,762 --> 00:49:29,366
<i>a word you're saying,</i>

1548
00:49:27,565 --> 00:49:29,366
<i>I don't understand</i>

1549
00:49:29,466 --> 00:49:31,168
<i>and I made up my mind</i>

1550
00:49:31,169 --> 00:49:32,869
<i>that you are guilty."</i>

1551
00:49:32,970 --> 00:49:34,922
Well, it was like a knife

1552
00:49:32,970 --> 00:49:36,873
she wasn't.

1553
00:49:34,923 --> 00:49:36,873
because I had decided that

1554
00:49:36,974 --> 00:49:38,785
- -My work on the character - Was that...
- -This is so good.

1555
00:49:38,809 --> 00:49:40,644
- -...she was not guilty.
- -This is so good.

1556
00:49:40,711 --> 00:49:43,113
- -I had a whole story going on.
- -I have goosebumps.

1557
00:49:43,180 --> 00:49:44,682
-I'm having all those...

1558
00:49:44,683 --> 00:49:46,183
-It was like somebody had...

1559
00:49:46,283 --> 00:49:48,168
And just before leaving,

1560
00:49:48,169 --> 00:49:50,053
he turned around

1561
00:49:50,153 --> 00:49:52,789
and he went, "Right?"

1562
00:49:54,324 --> 00:49:55,776
I thought

1563
00:49:55,777 --> 00:49:57,227
that's the greatest cruel,

1564
00:49:57,327 --> 00:49:59,279
cruel, greatest direction

1565
00:49:59,280 --> 00:50:01,231
I've ever gotten

1566
00:50:01,331 --> 00:50:03,033
because he made me feel

1567
00:50:03,034 --> 00:50:04,735
like Hunyak felt.

1568
00:50:04,835 --> 00:50:06,704
-Yeah.

1569
00:50:04,835 --> 00:50:08,572
freaking show.

1570
00:50:06,705 --> 00:50:08,572
-During the entire

1571
00:50:08,672 --> 00:50:09,983
- -He was cruel.
- -It was cruel...

1572
00:50:10,007 --> 00:50:11,651
- -He was cruel in that way.
- -He was cruel.

1573
00:50:11,675 --> 00:50:14,144
- -But it was fantastic.
- -But the whole thing was cruel

1574
00:50:14,211 --> 00:50:15,912
- -towards the Hunyak.
- -Fantastic.

1575
00:50:16,013 --> 00:50:17,548
-I have goose pimples too.

1576
00:50:17,549 --> 00:50:19,082
-It was just... I know.

1577
00:50:19,182 --> 00:50:20,384
One of Fosse's main

1578
00:50:20,385 --> 00:50:21,585
descriptions for dancers

1579
00:50:21,685 --> 00:50:23,287
was that they were actors

1580
00:50:21,685 --> 00:50:24,888
bodies.

1581
00:50:23,288 --> 00:50:24,888
who communicated with their

1582
00:50:24,988 --> 00:50:26,890
-So, he didn't
- Call them dancers.

1583
00:50:26,990 --> 00:50:29,710
They were the company

1584
00:50:29,711 --> 00:50:32,429
and they expressed themselves

1585
00:50:32,529 --> 00:50:34,231
and they told that story through

1586
00:50:34,232 --> 00:50:35,932
the movements in their body.

1587
00:50:36,033 --> 00:50:37,735
You could look at a dance

1588
00:50:37,736 --> 00:50:39,436
as if it were a script.

1589
00:50:39,536 --> 00:50:42,105
- So, the steps are like the words
- In a script.

1590
00:50:42,205 --> 00:50:43,407
So, you dance the meaning

1591
00:50:43,408 --> 00:50:44,608
of the steps.

1592
00:50:44,708 --> 00:50:45,993
Not just steps

1593
00:50:45,994 --> 00:50:47,277
for the sake of steps,

1594
00:50:47,377 --> 00:50:49,162
any more than you would act

1595
00:50:49,163 --> 00:50:50,947
a script just with the words.

1596
00:50:51,048 --> 00:50:52,525
- You don't have to know
- What it is.

1597
00:50:52,549 --> 00:50:54,718
- I'm the only one
- That has to know the story.

1598
00:50:54,785 --> 00:50:55,869
But there has to be

1599
00:50:55,870 --> 00:50:56,953
something internally

1600
00:50:57,054 --> 00:50:59,689
going on with everything.

1601
00:51:07,364 --> 00:51:08,916
<i>When we're doing</i>

1602
00:51:08,917 --> 00:51:10,467
<i>the number "Big Spender,"</i>

1603
00:51:10,567 --> 00:51:12,369
<i>- Gwen would say
- Things like,</i>

1604
00:51:12,436 --> 00:51:14,438
<i>- "Think that you're
- Pushing through Jell-O</i>

1605
00:51:14,538 --> 00:51:16,373
<i>- as you're moving
- Through the number.</i>

1606
00:51:16,440 --> 00:51:18,075
<i>Roll your shoulder like</i>

1607
00:51:18,076 --> 00:51:19,709
<i>you're wearing a dirty bra."</i>

1608
00:51:19,776 --> 00:51:21,578
You know, I mean, it's just...

1609
00:51:21,579 --> 00:51:23,380
all these amazing images

1610
00:51:23,447 --> 00:51:25,282
would be used.

1611
00:51:29,286 --> 00:51:31,822
- [Bonnie Lanford]<i> These -
Dancers lining up against the - bar</i>

1612
00:51:31,922 --> 00:51:33,607
<i>in the dance hall</i>

1613
00:51:31,922 --> 00:51:35,292
<i>and choose them.</i>

1614
00:51:33,608 --> 00:51:35,292
<i>waiting for these men to come</i>

1615
00:51:35,392 --> 00:51:36,643
<i>And they are broken,</i>

1616
00:51:36,644 --> 00:51:37,894
<i>they are broken dolls.</i>

1617
00:51:37,961 --> 00:51:39,563
<i>The minute you say that, it's</i>

1618
00:51:39,564 --> 00:51:41,164
<i>not girls posing on a bar.</i>

1619
00:51:41,264 --> 00:51:42,666
<i>It says so much more.</i>

1620
00:51:42,766 --> 00:51:44,501
And, to me,

1621
00:51:44,502 --> 00:51:46,236
that just adds these layers

1622
00:51:46,303 --> 00:51:48,972
that make it so expressive

1623
00:51:49,072 --> 00:51:50,874
and deep

1624
00:51:50,875 --> 00:51:52,676
and at the same time, funny.

1625
00:51:52,776 --> 00:51:55,362
His big theory was contain

1626
00:51:55,363 --> 00:51:57,948
and explode,

1627
00:51:58,014 --> 00:51:59,516
so that you would

1628
00:51:59,517 --> 00:52:01,017
keep something very quiet

1629
00:52:01,118 --> 00:52:02,970
almost like a little secret,

1630
00:52:02,971 --> 00:52:04,821
and then go, "Ah!"

1631
00:52:10,327 --> 00:52:11,762
<i>

1632
00:52:11,763 --> 00:52:13,196
<i>have fun?

1633
00:52:13,296 --> 00:52:14,815
[Culbreath]<i> A lot of times in</i>

1634
00:52:13,296 --> 00:52:16,333
<i>going on</i>

1635
00:52:14,816 --> 00:52:16,333
<i>dances, there's lots of stuff</i>

1636
00:52:16,433 --> 00:52:18,578
<i>- and you just sort of choose
- What you wanna look at.</i>

1637
00:52:18,602 --> 00:52:20,437
With Bob, everything

1638
00:52:20,438 --> 00:52:22,272
was specifically designed

1639
00:52:22,339 --> 00:52:24,191
to focus in on a hip

1640
00:52:24,192 --> 00:52:26,042
or one person's hand

1641
00:52:26,143 --> 00:52:28,011
<i>or the nod of the head</i>

1642
00:52:28,111 --> 00:52:30,213
<i>- or suddenly there's a shimmy
- Of a shoulder.</i>

1643
00:52:30,313 --> 00:52:31,882
- [Blake]
- <i>It's the restraint of it,</i>

1644
00:52:31,982 --> 00:52:33,550
<i>- you know, having
- To hold in,</i>

1645
00:52:33,650 --> 00:52:35,085
it's like having sex

1646
00:52:35,086 --> 00:52:36,520
without having an orgasm,

1647
00:52:36,620 --> 00:52:38,555
- so it's just...
- You know, it just...

1648
00:52:38,655 --> 00:52:40,123
it's bubbling up underneath you.

1649
00:52:40,190 --> 00:52:41,892
How's about it, palsy?

1650
00:52:41,992 --> 00:52:43,894
Yeah.

1651
00:52:43,994 --> 00:52:46,005
-I think there's a lot of
- Ways to look at the history

1652
00:52:46,029 --> 00:52:47,230
and who's important,

1653
00:52:47,330 --> 00:52:48,615
and part of why

1654
00:52:48,616 --> 00:52:49,900
someone like a Mattox

1655
00:52:50,000 --> 00:52:51,418
and a Giordano and a Luigi

1656
00:52:51,419 --> 00:52:52,836
get talked about so much

1657
00:52:52,903 --> 00:52:54,221
<i>was because they codified</i>

1658
00:52:54,222 --> 00:52:55,539
<i>their vocabulary.</i>

1659
00:52:55,639 --> 00:52:57,858
<i>And also, let's just be</i>

1660
00:52:57,859 --> 00:53:00,076
<i>frank, Mattox, Luigi,</i>

1661
00:53:00,177 --> 00:53:01,779
Giordano have

1662
00:53:01,780 --> 00:53:03,380
a ballet influence.

1663
00:53:05,348 --> 00:53:09,085
And, for better or worse,

1664
00:53:09,186 --> 00:53:10,704
that told people

1665
00:53:10,705 --> 00:53:12,222
that it was legitimate.

1666
00:53:13,323 --> 00:53:14,858
<i>But here's the thing.</i>

1667
00:53:14,925 --> 00:53:16,176
<i>What if the fundamental</i>

1668
00:53:16,177 --> 00:53:17,427
<i>construct of the reasons</i>

1669
00:53:17,527 --> 00:53:19,096
<i>why your movement exists</i>

1670
00:53:19,097 --> 00:53:20,664
<i>is based on</i>

1671
00:53:20,730 --> 00:53:22,770
<i>- not having that organization
- That never changes,</i>

1672
00:53:22,832 --> 00:53:24,834
<i>- because that is
- A very Eurocentric model?</i>

1673
00:53:24,901 --> 00:53:26,953
<i>So it isn't that the</i>

1674
00:53:26,954 --> 00:53:29,005
<i>people who didn't codify</i>

1675
00:53:29,072 --> 00:53:30,407
<i>hadn't thought it out,</i>

1676
00:53:30,507 --> 00:53:31,725
<i>it's that they're saying</i>

1677
00:53:31,726 --> 00:53:32,943
<i>the philosophy</i>

1678
00:53:33,043 --> 00:53:34,611
<i>- on which the thing
- We're building</i>

1679
00:53:34,711 --> 00:53:35,712
<i>doesn't require</i>

1680
00:53:35,713 --> 00:53:36,713
<i>codification.</i>

1681
00:53:41,251 --> 00:53:43,453
[interviewer speaking]

1682
00:53:49,726 --> 00:53:51,595
-So who are you
- Identifying?

1683
00:53:58,034 --> 00:53:59,302
Whew!

1684
00:54:00,437 --> 00:54:02,939
It's an incomplete list.

1685
00:54:03,039 --> 00:54:05,575
It is a list that

1686
00:54:05,576 --> 00:54:08,111
has a colonist mindset.

1687
00:54:10,747 --> 00:54:12,949
<i>- It's always
- Gonna be an incomplete list</i>

1688
00:54:13,049 --> 00:54:14,217
<i>because the people</i>

1689
00:54:14,218 --> 00:54:15,385
<i>that we've elevated,</i>

1690
00:54:15,452 --> 00:54:16,987
<i>- the way that
- History works</i>

1691
00:54:17,087 --> 00:54:18,205
<i>is that then becomes,</i>

1692
00:54:18,206 --> 00:54:19,322
<i>like, the gospel.</i>

1693
00:54:19,422 --> 00:54:22,926
<i>So, it's flawed.</i>

1694
00:54:22,993 --> 00:54:24,461
<i>It's flawed.</i>

1695
00:54:26,296 --> 00:54:27,381
<i>Honestly, Black and</i>

1696
00:54:27,382 --> 00:54:28,465
<i>brown people and women</i>

1697
00:54:28,565 --> 00:54:31,234
<i>- don't get talked about enough
- In the history.</i>

1698
00:54:37,440 --> 00:54:38,675
[Murray]<i> The way people</i>

1699
00:54:38,676 --> 00:54:39,909
<i>value your art form</i>

1700
00:54:39,976 --> 00:54:41,645
is based on the sort of historic

1701
00:54:41,646 --> 00:54:43,313
importance it carries,

1702
00:54:43,413 --> 00:54:45,248
so people place a lot of

1703
00:54:45,249 --> 00:54:47,083
value on music and on literature

1704
00:54:47,150 --> 00:54:49,069
<i>because you can see a body</i>

1705
00:54:49,070 --> 00:54:50,987
<i>of work amassing over time.</i>

1706
00:54:51,087 --> 00:54:52,722
<i>But with dance,</i>

1707
00:54:51,087 --> 00:54:54,357
<i>it is an ephemeral form.</i>

1708
00:54:52,723 --> 00:54:54,357
<i>you don't have that,</i>

1709
00:54:54,457 --> 00:54:56,926
<i>- And in fact, as a - Discipline,
we often embrace - that fact</i>

1710
00:54:56,993 --> 00:54:58,211
<i>and glory that fact</i>

1711
00:54:58,212 --> 00:54:59,429
<i>that you only have</i>

1712
00:54:59,496 --> 00:55:01,264
<i>- that one moment
- Where it exists</i>

1713
00:55:01,331 --> 00:55:03,933
<i>- and then it's gone forever,
- And that's part of the magic</i>

1714
00:55:04,000 --> 00:55:05,669
<i>and the tragedy of dance,</i>

1715
00:55:05,769 --> 00:55:07,271
<i>we sometimes don't want</i>

1716
00:55:07,272 --> 00:55:08,772
<i>to give that up.</i>

1717
00:55:08,838 --> 00:55:10,657
<i>But the problem is,</i>

1718
00:55:08,838 --> 00:55:12,475
<i>your history,</i>

1719
00:55:10,658 --> 00:55:12,475
<i>when you don't keep</i>

1720
00:55:12,542 --> 00:55:13,660
<i>then you don't know</i>

1721
00:55:13,661 --> 00:55:14,778
<i>where you've come from,</i>

1722
00:55:14,844 --> 00:55:16,880
<i>- and you can't really know
- Where you're going</i>

1723
00:55:16,980 --> 00:55:18,148
<i>if you don't know</i>

1724
00:55:18,149 --> 00:55:19,316
<i>where you've been.</i>

1725
00:55:21,685 --> 00:55:24,004
I want us all to be more curious

1726
00:55:24,005 --> 00:55:26,323
about the names we don't know.

1727
00:55:26,389 --> 00:55:27,541
<i>Because Pepsi Bethel</i>

1728
00:55:27,542 --> 00:55:28,692
<i>should be on that list.</i>

1729
00:55:31,828 --> 00:55:33,748
- [Hubbard]<i> Pepsi was an</i>
<i>- Authentic jazz dancer.</i>

1730
00:55:33,797 --> 00:55:35,649
<i>In fact, his company was</i>

1731
00:55:33,797 --> 00:55:37,500
<i>Jazz Dance Theater.</i>

1732
00:55:35,650 --> 00:55:37,500
<i>the Authentic</i>

1733
00:55:37,567 --> 00:55:39,319
<i>He never talked about</i>

1734
00:55:39,320 --> 00:55:41,071
<i>his professional experience.</i>

1735
00:55:41,171 --> 00:55:43,473
<i>- It wasn't until years later
- I found out</i>

1736
00:55:43,540 --> 00:55:45,642
<i>that Pepsi was</i>

1737
00:55:45,643 --> 00:55:47,744
<i>a Savoy Lindy Hopper.</i>

1738
00:55:47,844 --> 00:55:49,713
In rehearsals,

1739
00:55:47,844 --> 00:55:51,581
what he would do.

1740
00:55:49,714 --> 00:55:51,581
Pepsi always indicated

1741
00:55:51,681 --> 00:55:52,949
He'd say, "Well,

1742
00:55:51,681 --> 00:55:54,217
and I'll do this,

1743
00:55:52,950 --> 00:55:54,217
I'm gonna go over here

1744
00:55:54,317 --> 00:55:55,585
and I'll go over there,

1745
00:55:54,317 --> 00:55:56,853
blah, blah, blah.

1746
00:55:55,586 --> 00:55:56,853
and I'll do that,"

1747
00:55:56,920 --> 00:55:58,622
Didn't know until I got

1748
00:55:58,623 --> 00:56:00,323
on stage with the man,

1749
00:56:00,390 --> 00:56:01,825
<i>he was amazing.</i>

1750
00:56:01,891 --> 00:56:03,811
-<i>It was like sparks were</i>
- <i>Flying from his body,</i>

1751
00:56:03,860 --> 00:56:05,428
-<i>and he was</i>
- <i>Scatting,</i>

1752
00:56:05,528 --> 00:56:07,047
<i>and I was stunned for</i>

1753
00:56:07,048 --> 00:56:08,565
<i>a moment, you know?</i>

1754
00:56:15,872 --> 00:56:18,241
- I'm always researching.
- I love research, you know,

1755
00:56:18,341 --> 00:56:19,960
and I just decided

1756
00:56:19,961 --> 00:56:21,578
to look up jazz dance,

1757
00:56:21,678 --> 00:56:23,730
<i>and I said, "Where's</i>

1758
00:56:23,731 --> 00:56:25,782
<i>Fred Benjamin's name?"</i>

1759
00:56:25,882 --> 00:56:27,667
You know, you see Bob

1760
00:56:27,668 --> 00:56:29,452
Fosse, see other people.

1761
00:56:29,552 --> 00:56:31,488
And that's part

1762
00:56:31,489 --> 00:56:33,423
of the problem,

1763
00:56:33,523 --> 00:56:36,359
is that there's only very

1764
00:56:36,360 --> 00:56:39,195
specific stories being told.

1765
00:56:39,262 --> 00:56:41,198
<i>To be on this planet</i>

1766
00:56:41,199 --> 00:56:43,133
<i>during the '60s,</i>

1767
00:56:43,233 --> 00:56:44,351
<i>in the midst</i>

1768
00:56:44,352 --> 00:56:45,468
<i>of segregation,</i>

1769
00:56:45,568 --> 00:56:47,103
<i>to still be able to</i>

1770
00:56:47,104 --> 00:56:48,638
<i>create your voice</i>

1771
00:56:48,738 --> 00:56:50,607
<i>in the midst of that,</i>

1772
00:56:50,707 --> 00:56:53,243
that's real, because Bob

1773
00:56:53,244 --> 00:56:55,779
Fosse and Fred Benjamin

1774
00:56:55,879 --> 00:56:59,649
had two very different paths.

1775
00:56:59,749 --> 00:57:01,151
<i>And I think this is</i>

1776
00:57:01,152 --> 00:57:02,552
<i>why it's important</i>

1777
00:57:02,619 --> 00:57:04,821
<i>for so many voices</i>

1778
00:57:04,921 --> 00:57:06,106
to get lifted up

1779
00:57:06,107 --> 00:57:07,290
because it's easy

1780
00:57:07,390 --> 00:57:08,525
for things to just

1781
00:57:08,526 --> 00:57:09,659
kind of fall away

1782
00:57:09,759 --> 00:57:11,261
and not get acknowledged.

1783
00:57:11,327 --> 00:57:13,406
- These are people who were
- So dedicated to the form

1784
00:57:13,430 --> 00:57:15,465
that that was their whole life,

1785
00:57:15,466 --> 00:57:17,500
and then they pass away,

1786
00:57:17,600 --> 00:57:20,170
and if not for their families,

1787
00:57:20,270 --> 00:57:21,471
<i>you know, out of sight,</i>

1788
00:57:21,472 --> 00:57:22,672
<i>out of mind.</i>

1789
00:57:25,942 --> 00:57:27,727
<i>Without JoJo Smith, there's no</i>

1790
00:57:25,942 --> 00:57:29,512
<i>literally.</i>

1791
00:57:27,728 --> 00:57:29,512
<i>Broadway Dance Center,</i>

1792
00:57:29,612 --> 00:57:31,581
He started a school,

1793
00:57:31,648 --> 00:57:32,999
and then that school

1794
00:57:33,000 --> 00:57:34,350
became another school,

1795
00:57:34,451 --> 00:57:36,419
- which then became
- The Broadway Dance Center.

1796
00:57:36,486 --> 00:57:38,455
But without

1797
00:57:38,456 --> 00:57:40,423
JoJo's Dance Factory,

1798
00:57:40,490 --> 00:57:42,192
you can't even get there.

1799
00:57:42,292 --> 00:57:43,443
One of my biggest

1800
00:57:43,444 --> 00:57:44,594
influences

1801
00:57:44,661 --> 00:57:46,630
in my style of dance

1802
00:57:46,631 --> 00:57:48,598
and jazz was JoJo Smith.

1803
00:57:48,665 --> 00:57:51,534
JoJo Smith.

1804
00:57:51,634 --> 00:57:54,337
<i>I saw a special on</i>

1805
00:57:51,634 --> 00:57:57,040
<i>dancers,</i>

1806
00:57:54,338 --> 00:57:57,040
<i>television, and I saw</i>

1807
00:57:57,140 --> 00:57:58,625
they were dancing

1808
00:57:58,626 --> 00:58:00,109
with an undulation

1809
00:58:00,176 --> 00:58:01,194
and a smoothness

1810
00:58:01,195 --> 00:58:02,212
and a fierceness.

1811
00:58:02,312 --> 00:58:03,713
I said,

1812
00:58:03,714 --> 00:58:05,114
"Who the hell is that?"

1813
00:58:06,950 --> 00:58:08,661
-[Sue Samuels]<i> The</i>
- <i>Different jazz masters,</i>

1814
00:58:08,685 --> 00:58:10,454
<i>the early jazz masters came</i>

1815
00:58:10,455 --> 00:58:12,222
<i>through ballet training,</i>

1816
00:58:12,322 --> 00:58:13,890
<i>so their styles were rounded</i>

1817
00:58:13,891 --> 00:58:15,458
<i>in some way.</i>

1818
00:58:15,525 --> 00:58:17,694
Not JoJo. JoJo came

1819
00:58:17,695 --> 00:58:19,863
through the martial arts.

1820
00:58:19,963 --> 00:58:21,131
And his mother

1821
00:58:21,132 --> 00:58:22,298
was in Katherine Dunham.

1822
00:58:22,365 --> 00:58:24,217
So, the dance

1823
00:58:24,218 --> 00:58:26,069
and then martial arts

1824
00:58:26,169 --> 00:58:28,505
had, like, a square-ish

1825
00:58:28,506 --> 00:58:30,840
kind of style.

1826
00:58:33,176 --> 00:58:34,361
[Smith]<i> Before</i>

1827
00:58:34,362 --> 00:58:35,545
<i>JoJo's Dance Factory,</i>

1828
00:58:35,645 --> 00:58:37,230
<i>which also my mother,</i>

1829
00:58:37,231 --> 00:58:38,815
<i>Sue Samuels, helped build,</i>

1830
00:58:38,882 --> 00:58:40,350
<i>every dance teacher had</i>

1831
00:58:40,351 --> 00:58:41,818
<i>their own studio,</i>

1832
00:58:41,885 --> 00:58:43,320
<i>and so you had to go</i>

1833
00:58:41,885 --> 00:58:44,754
<i>to get ballet,</i>

1834
00:58:43,321 --> 00:58:44,754
<i>to this one studio</i>

1835
00:58:44,854 --> 00:58:46,823
-you had to go to this
- Studio to get tap.

1836
00:58:46,890 --> 00:58:48,758
-You had to go
- Here to get jazz.

1837
00:58:48,858 --> 00:58:50,143
They actually brought all

1838
00:58:50,144 --> 00:58:51,427
the styles and techniques

1839
00:58:51,528 --> 00:58:52,729
under the same roof

1840
00:58:52,730 --> 00:58:53,930
for the first time,

1841
00:58:54,030 --> 00:58:55,932
- and they don't get
- Credit for it,

1842
00:58:56,032 --> 00:58:57,901
but now, I look around the world

1843
00:58:58,001 --> 00:58:59,936
- and all dance studios
- Are modeled

1844
00:59:00,036 --> 00:59:01,304
after what they started

1845
00:59:01,305 --> 00:59:02,572
in the '70s.

1846
00:59:04,707 --> 00:59:06,226
These are these names

1847
00:59:06,227 --> 00:59:07,744
that get lost,

1848
00:59:07,844 --> 00:59:09,312
because they were doing

1849
00:59:09,313 --> 00:59:10,780
the work on the daily.

1850
00:59:11,748 --> 00:59:13,449
<i>They were teachers,</i>

1851
00:59:13,550 --> 00:59:15,302
<i>and they were doing the work</i>

1852
00:59:15,303 --> 00:59:17,053
<i>day in, day out.</i>

1853
00:59:19,222 --> 00:59:21,367
- [Al Blackstone]<i> For me, it -
Was all about Frank - Hatchett.</i>

1854
00:59:21,391 --> 00:59:23,543
<i>He was this</i>

1855
00:59:23,544 --> 00:59:25,695
<i>incredible presence.</i>

1856
00:59:25,762 --> 00:59:27,030
He was really

1857
00:59:27,031 --> 00:59:28,298
as much a motivator

1858
00:59:28,398 --> 00:59:30,934
and a guru, I'd say,

1859
00:59:31,034 --> 00:59:32,878
-as much as he was
- A choreographer and a teacher,

1860
00:59:32,902 --> 00:59:34,804
-and he was one of
- The first people I think

1861
00:59:34,904 --> 00:59:36,356
that, really, I understood

1862
00:59:36,357 --> 00:59:37,807
about what style was.

1863
00:59:37,907 --> 00:59:39,442
He had a style that he taught,

1864
00:59:37,907 --> 00:59:40,977
he created it himself,

1865
00:59:39,443 --> 00:59:40,977
he called it VOP,

1866
00:59:41,077 --> 00:59:43,188
- it sort of became the name
- Of what he was teaching.

1867
00:59:43,212 --> 00:59:45,415
I believe as a jazz dancer,

1868
00:59:43,212 --> 00:59:47,617
to interpret the music,

1869
00:59:45,416 --> 00:59:47,617
it's our obligation

1870
00:59:47,717 --> 00:59:49,157
- to communicate
- With the audience,

1871
00:59:49,252 --> 00:59:50,453
it's an energy.

1872
00:59:50,553 --> 00:59:52,322
- Sometimes we have
- To sacrifice technique,

1873
00:59:52,422 --> 00:59:54,124
but that's what VOP is,

1874
00:59:52,422 --> 00:59:55,825
the choreography.

1875
00:59:54,125 --> 00:59:55,825
it's about flavoring

1876
00:59:55,925 --> 00:59:58,828
- VOP, the initials mean nothing,
- It's a style.

1877
01:00:01,764 --> 01:00:04,400
- [Blackstone]<i> He would - Combine,
like, classic pas de - bourr�es</i>

1878
01:00:04,467 --> 01:00:06,145
- and then he would
- Get this sort of, like,

1879
01:00:06,169 --> 01:00:07,804
very grounded sort of, like...

1880
01:00:07,904 --> 01:00:09,356
almost the beginning, really,

1881
01:00:09,357 --> 01:00:10,807
of what we call hip-hop now.

1882
01:00:10,907 --> 01:00:12,959
And he was... combined styles

1883
01:00:12,960 --> 01:00:15,011
in a way that was very fearless,

1884
01:00:15,111 --> 01:00:16,779
- and I think
- Really excited people.

1885
01:00:16,846 --> 01:00:19,182
Pas de bourr�e, say hey.

1886
01:00:19,282 --> 01:00:20,282
Hey.

1887
01:00:20,316 --> 01:00:22,018
- -Say ho.
- -Ho.

1888
01:00:22,118 --> 01:00:24,654
<i>- He was really motivating,
- But he was also really fun,</i>

1889
01:00:24,754 --> 01:00:26,689
- but he also had
- Very, very high standards.

1890
01:00:26,789 --> 01:00:29,025
- I remember people would,
- You know, come into class,

1891
01:00:29,125 --> 01:00:30,436
- and they would stand in
- The front of the room,

1892
01:00:30,460 --> 01:00:31,804
- and if they didn't know what
- They were doing,

1893
01:00:31,828 --> 01:00:33,439
- Frank would ask you
- To move to the back,

1894
01:00:33,463 --> 01:00:34,573
- and he would ask you to move
- To the back of the room

1895
01:00:34,597 --> 01:00:36,032
in front of the entire class.

1896
01:00:36,132 --> 01:00:38,034
I mean, there was a really

1897
01:00:38,035 --> 01:00:39,936
high standard of behavior.

1898
01:00:40,003 --> 01:00:41,721
<i>It's this environment that</i>

1899
01:00:40,003 --> 01:00:43,439
<i>fun</i>

1900
01:00:41,722 --> 01:00:43,439
<i>was simultaneously really</i>

1901
01:00:43,506 --> 01:00:44,758
<i>and really energetic,</i>

1902
01:00:44,759 --> 01:00:46,009
<i>but also really serious.</i>

1903
01:00:46,109 --> 01:00:47,944
<i>- People took
- This style seriously.</i>

1904
01:00:48,011 --> 01:00:49,079
<i>You were in New York,</i>

1905
01:00:49,080 --> 01:00:50,146
<i>you had technique,</i>

1906
01:00:50,213 --> 01:00:51,665
<i>but you also had flavor,</i>

1907
01:00:51,666 --> 01:00:53,116
<i>and you had style.</i>

1908
01:00:53,182 --> 01:00:55,184
And I think that he found a way

1909
01:00:53,182 --> 01:00:57,186
of the technique

1910
01:00:55,185 --> 01:00:57,186
to combine discipline

1911
01:00:57,286 --> 01:00:58,454
with what was happening

1912
01:00:58,455 --> 01:00:59,622
commercially in America

1913
01:00:59,689 --> 01:01:01,100
-<i>and what was happening</i>
- <i>In the clubs</i>

1914
01:01:01,124 --> 01:01:02,604
-<i>and what was happening</i>
- <i>With music.</i>

1915
01:01:05,161 --> 01:01:06,262
I don't think

1916
01:01:06,263 --> 01:01:07,363
the artists of today

1917
01:01:07,463 --> 01:01:09,499
are doing enough

1918
01:01:09,500 --> 01:01:11,534
to acknowledge our ancestors,

1919
01:01:11,634 --> 01:01:14,070
the lineage of this art form,

1920
01:01:14,170 --> 01:01:17,407
and the history of this dance.

1921
01:01:17,507 --> 01:01:19,676
-<i>I think we need</i>
- <i>To talk about our ancestors,</i>

1922
01:01:19,742 --> 01:01:21,477
<i>we need to talk about</i>

1923
01:01:19,742 --> 01:01:23,212
<i>class.</i>

1924
01:01:21,478 --> 01:01:23,212
<i>our inspirations, every</i>

1925
01:01:23,312 --> 01:01:25,114
<i>Not just the one time</i>

1926
01:01:25,115 --> 01:01:26,916
<i>we get to sit down on film.</i>

1927
01:01:27,016 --> 01:01:28,134
<i>We need to speak</i>

1928
01:01:28,135 --> 01:01:29,252
<i>their names every day.</i>

1929
01:01:30,687 --> 01:01:31,705
<i>If we continue to</i>

1930
01:01:31,706 --> 01:01:32,722
<i>keep their memory,</i>

1931
01:01:32,822 --> 01:01:34,223
<i>their spirit alive,</i>

1932
01:01:34,323 --> 01:01:36,225
-<i>through their dances,</i>
- <i>Through their music,</i>

1933
01:01:36,325 --> 01:01:38,161
-<i>through</i>
- <i>Their names,</i>

1934
01:01:38,227 --> 01:01:40,363
-<i>that evokes their</i>
- <i>Spirit on a higher level</i>

1935
01:01:40,430 --> 01:01:41,715
<i>and that's one of</i>

1936
01:01:41,716 --> 01:01:42,999
<i>the most powerful things</i>

1937
01:01:43,066 --> 01:01:44,834
-<i>you can do</i>
- <i>As a human.</i>

1938
01:01:48,371 --> 01:01:49,723
[Durden]<i> It's paying</i>

1939
01:01:48,371 --> 01:01:51,074
<i>elders.</i>

1940
01:01:49,724 --> 01:01:51,074
<i>respects and honor to the</i>

1941
01:01:51,174 --> 01:01:53,176
<i>It's acknowledging that</i>

1942
01:01:53,177 --> 01:01:55,178
<i>a group of people were here</i>

1943
01:01:55,244 --> 01:01:56,346
<i>and they contributed</i>

1944
01:01:56,347 --> 01:01:57,447
<i>to society,</i>

1945
01:01:57,547 --> 01:01:59,165
<i>they contributed to</i>

1946
01:01:59,166 --> 01:02:00,783
<i>what influenced you.</i>

1947
01:02:00,883 --> 01:02:03,236
<i>And to be dismissive</i>

1948
01:02:00,883 --> 01:02:05,588
<i>that they weren't here.</i>

1949
01:02:03,237 --> 01:02:05,588
<i>of that is to say</i>

1950
01:02:05,688 --> 01:02:07,490
Because we go to these studios,

1951
01:02:07,491 --> 01:02:09,292
we go to these universities,

1952
01:02:09,392 --> 01:02:10,660
and you get one side

1953
01:02:10,661 --> 01:02:11,928
of the picture,

1954
01:02:12,028 --> 01:02:13,730
and there's a whole other

1955
01:02:13,731 --> 01:02:15,431
side that y'all don't even know.

1956
01:02:15,531 --> 01:02:17,051
- They don't know
- About these people,

1957
01:02:17,100 --> 01:02:18,468
you don't even know their names.

1958
01:02:18,568 --> 01:02:20,803
-I think part of what
- Happens in the U.S. is this

1959
01:02:20,903 --> 01:02:22,305
kind of consolidation

1960
01:02:22,306 --> 01:02:23,706
of everything.

1961
01:02:23,773 --> 01:02:25,041
It's like America

1962
01:02:25,042 --> 01:02:26,309
as the melting pot,

1963
01:02:26,409 --> 01:02:28,144
- things kind of
- Get absorbed

1964
01:02:28,244 --> 01:02:31,280
- so we stop identifying the thing
- That made it,

1965
01:02:31,380 --> 01:02:32,682
and so it becomes

1966
01:02:32,683 --> 01:02:33,983
this whole universal

1967
01:02:34,083 --> 01:02:36,819
<i>experience of dance.</i>

1968
01:02:36,919 --> 01:02:38,121
<i>It's also because as</i>

1969
01:02:36,919 --> 01:02:39,322
<i>acknowledge</i>

1970
01:02:38,122 --> 01:02:39,322
<i>Americans, you don't</i>

1971
01:02:39,422 --> 01:02:40,707
<i>the historical roots</i>

1972
01:02:40,708 --> 01:02:41,991
<i>of lots of things,</i>

1973
01:02:42,091 --> 01:02:44,203
<i>- particularly those things
- In which African Americans</i>

1974
01:02:44,227 --> 01:02:45,729
<i>have had</i>

1975
01:02:45,730 --> 01:02:47,230
<i>a vital participatory role.</i>

1976
01:02:49,265 --> 01:02:50,967
- [Durden]<i> To see someone</i>
<i>- Doing a dance</i>

1977
01:02:51,067 --> 01:02:52,911
<i>- but they have no relationship
- To the community</i>

1978
01:02:52,935 --> 01:02:54,887
<i>and why it's being done, then</i>

1979
01:02:54,888 --> 01:02:56,839
<i>it loses its authenticity,</i>

1980
01:02:56,939 --> 01:02:58,674
<i>it becomes a movement</i>

1981
01:02:58,775 --> 01:03:01,177
<i>that in the movement,</i>

1982
01:03:01,277 --> 01:03:02,478
<i>there's authentic form</i>

1983
01:03:02,479 --> 01:03:03,679
<i>and expression.</i>

1984
01:03:03,780 --> 01:03:06,266
<i>But the meaning behind</i>

1985
01:03:03,780 --> 01:03:08,751
<i>is not the same.</i>

1986
01:03:06,267 --> 01:03:08,751
<i>what you're doing</i>

1987
01:03:08,818 --> 01:03:10,753
[DeFrantz]

1988
01:03:08,818 --> 01:03:12,688
<i>does get appropriated,</i>

1989
01:03:10,754 --> 01:03:12,688
<i>African-American creativity</i>

1990
01:03:12,789 --> 01:03:13,990
<i>it gets taken,</i>

1991
01:03:13,991 --> 01:03:15,191
<i>and moved to somewhere</i>

1992
01:03:15,291 --> 01:03:17,093
<i>where it never was before</i>

1993
01:03:17,160 --> 01:03:18,845
<i>and dropped down to do a</i>

1994
01:03:18,846 --> 01:03:20,530
<i>different kind of work,</i>

1995
01:03:20,630 --> 01:03:22,399
<i>and then the people who</i>

1996
01:03:20,630 --> 01:03:24,167
<i>benefit</i>

1997
01:03:22,400 --> 01:03:24,167
<i>created the form can't</i>

1998
01:03:24,267 --> 01:03:26,035
<i>- from all of
- The things that</i>

1999
01:03:26,135 --> 01:03:27,170
might be available

2000
01:03:27,171 --> 01:03:28,204
in this other space.

2001
01:03:28,304 --> 01:03:30,240
On Broadway or Hollywood

2002
01:03:28,304 --> 01:03:32,175
or more work,

2003
01:03:30,241 --> 01:03:32,175
where there might be money

2004
01:03:32,275 --> 01:03:34,277
-or the possibility to live
- In a neighborhood

2005
01:03:34,343 --> 01:03:36,179
-where schools are good
- For children,

2006
01:03:36,279 --> 01:03:38,614
- like that's not available
- For the Black people

2007
01:03:38,681 --> 01:03:39,699
who are developing

2008
01:03:39,700 --> 01:03:40,716
these dance forms

2009
01:03:40,817 --> 01:03:42,351
and these creative addresses.

2010
01:03:42,451 --> 01:03:45,288
- So, it's important to understand
- That this is a part of

2011
01:03:45,354 --> 01:03:46,956
how jazz is formed.

2012
01:03:47,023 --> 01:03:48,457
It's not gonna go away.

2013
01:03:48,524 --> 01:03:51,227
- It doesn't not exist
- Just because we wish it didn't.

2014
01:03:51,327 --> 01:03:52,679
This is what jazz is, too,

2015
01:03:52,680 --> 01:03:54,030
it's part of it.

2016
01:03:54,130 --> 01:03:55,682
I think people

2017
01:03:55,683 --> 01:03:57,233
do have a genuine...

2018
01:03:57,333 --> 01:03:58,568
Uh, I don't even know

2019
01:03:58,569 --> 01:03:59,802
if I can say that word,

2020
01:03:59,869 --> 01:04:02,738
but they have a respect for it.

2021
01:04:02,839 --> 01:04:04,607
But I just think there's a lot

2022
01:04:04,608 --> 01:04:06,375
of conversations to have

2023
01:04:06,475 --> 01:04:08,010
as to how authentic

2024
01:04:08,011 --> 01:04:09,545
you're doing...

2025
01:04:09,645 --> 01:04:11,285
- you're trying to hold
- On to something.

2026
01:04:11,347 --> 01:04:12,548
It might not be something

2027
01:04:12,549 --> 01:04:13,749
for you to hold on to.

2028
01:04:13,850 --> 01:04:15,552
I think it also wears a support

2029
01:04:15,553 --> 01:04:17,253
for the community

2030
01:04:17,353 --> 01:04:19,038
that this art form comes from,

2031
01:04:19,039 --> 01:04:20,723
it's the people.

2032
01:04:20,823 --> 01:04:22,208
And when people divide

2033
01:04:22,209 --> 01:04:23,593
and take the dance away

2034
01:04:23,693 --> 01:04:25,428
from the people, and say,

2035
01:04:25,429 --> 01:04:27,163
"This dance is cool,

2036
01:04:27,230 --> 01:04:28,665
but I don't wanna mess

2037
01:04:28,666 --> 01:04:30,099
with you as a person,"

2038
01:04:30,199 --> 01:04:31,667
there's danger in that

2039
01:04:31,734 --> 01:04:33,669
- because now
- We're just appropriating

2040
01:04:33,736 --> 01:04:35,872
these art forms for sale

2041
01:04:35,938 --> 01:04:37,356
as opposed to appreciating

2042
01:04:37,357 --> 01:04:38,774
the people

2043
01:04:38,875 --> 01:04:40,543
- that have brought
- These art forms out

2044
01:04:40,610 --> 01:04:42,745
- and getting the true meaning
- Of what they're doing

2045
01:04:42,845 --> 01:04:44,413
and what they're trying to say.

2046
01:04:46,582 --> 01:04:48,267
<i>The Civil Rights Movement is</i>

2047
01:04:48,268 --> 01:04:49,952
<i>another challenging moment</i>

2048
01:04:50,052 --> 01:04:51,921
- [DeFrantz]<i> in American</i>
<i>- Political history</i>

2049
01:04:52,021 --> 01:04:53,156
<i>where dances start</i>

2050
01:04:53,157 --> 01:04:54,290
<i>to shift yet again</i>

2051
01:04:54,390 --> 01:04:55,842
<i>and they become</i>

2052
01:04:55,843 --> 01:04:57,293
<i>even more weighty,</i>

2053
01:04:57,393 --> 01:04:59,262
<i>- so we're seeing
- A lot of fists,</i>

2054
01:04:59,362 --> 01:05:01,030
<i>- and things are getting
- Just harder</i>

2055
01:05:01,097 --> 01:05:03,032
<i>- because the struggle
- For civil rights</i>

2056
01:05:03,099 --> 01:05:04,667
<i>is also reflected</i>

2057
01:05:03,099 --> 01:05:06,235
<i>that we create.</i>

2058
01:05:04,668 --> 01:05:06,235
<i>in the social dances</i>

2059
01:05:07,737 --> 01:05:10,673
We are gonna walk

2060
01:05:10,674 --> 01:05:13,609
non-violently and peacefully,

2061
01:05:13,709 --> 01:05:15,261
to let the nation

2062
01:05:15,262 --> 01:05:16,812
and the world know

2063
01:05:16,913 --> 01:05:19,982
that we are tired now.

2064
01:05:20,082 --> 01:05:22,618
We've lived with slavery

2065
01:05:22,619 --> 01:05:25,154
and segregation 345 years.

2066
01:05:25,254 --> 01:05:27,290
We waited a long time

2067
01:05:27,291 --> 01:05:29,325
for freedom.

2068
01:05:29,425 --> 01:05:30,943
We are trying

2069
01:05:30,944 --> 01:05:32,461
to remind the nation

2070
01:05:32,561 --> 01:05:34,597
of the urgency of the moment.

2071
01:05:34,664 --> 01:05:37,133
Now is the time to make

2072
01:05:37,134 --> 01:05:39,602
real the promises of democracy.

2073
01:05:39,669 --> 01:05:41,554
<i>Now is the time to make</i>

2074
01:05:41,555 --> 01:05:43,439
<i>justice a reality</i>

2075
01:05:43,506 --> 01:05:45,508
<i>for all of God's children.</i>

2076
01:05:45,608 --> 01:05:49,412
<i>

2077
01:05:49,478 --> 01:05:51,230
<i>

2078
01:05:51,231 --> 01:05:52,982
<i>a reason

2079
01:05:54,450 --> 01:05:56,736
<i>

2080
01:05:56,737 --> 01:05:59,021
<i>on my sneakers

2081
01:05:59,121 --> 01:06:00,523
<i>

2082
01:06:00,524 --> 01:06:01,924
<i>my hand up

2083
01:06:01,991 --> 01:06:03,826
Martin Luther King was

2084
01:06:03,827 --> 01:06:05,661
shot and was killed tonight...

2085
01:06:05,761 --> 01:06:07,213
<i>

2086
01:06:07,214 --> 01:06:08,664
<i>in handcuffs

2087
01:06:08,764 --> 01:06:11,133
<i>

2088
01:06:11,134 --> 01:06:13,502
<i>they don't understand us

2089
01:06:13,602 --> 01:06:15,638
<i>

2090
01:06:15,639 --> 01:06:17,673
<i>when we try to stand up

2091
01:06:17,773 --> 01:06:19,158
<i>

2092
01:06:19,159 --> 01:06:20,543
<i>do nothin'

2093
01:06:20,643 --> 01:06:22,621
- [Muhammad Ali] - <i>You my opposer</i>
<i>- When I want freedom.</i>

2094
01:06:22,645 --> 01:06:24,380
<i>- You my opposer
- When I want justice.</i>

2095
01:06:24,480 --> 01:06:26,040
<i>- You my opposer
- When I want equality.</i>

2096
01:06:26,115 --> 01:06:28,017
<i>- You won't even stand
- Up for me in America,</i>

2097
01:06:28,117 --> 01:06:29,452
for my religious beliefs

2098
01:06:29,518 --> 01:06:31,129
- and you want me
- To go somewhere and fight

2099
01:06:31,153 --> 01:06:33,322
- but you won't even stand up
- For me here at home.

2100
01:06:34,323 --> 01:06:36,892
<i>

2101
01:06:36,993 --> 01:06:38,461
<i>

2102
01:06:38,527 --> 01:06:40,363
<i>

2103
01:06:40,364 --> 01:06:42,198
<i>my freedom

2104
01:06:46,002 --> 01:06:47,703
<i>

2105
01:06:48,504 --> 01:06:50,740
<i>

2106
01:06:50,840 --> 01:06:53,242
<i>

2107
01:06:53,342 --> 01:06:55,578
<i>

2108
01:06:55,678 --> 01:06:57,913
<i>

2109
01:06:58,014 --> 01:06:59,415
<i>

2110
01:06:59,515 --> 01:07:02,418
<i>

2111
01:07:15,865 --> 01:07:17,433
[Durden]

2112
01:07:15,865 --> 01:07:19,001
<i>as the Decade of Fire.</i>

2113
01:07:17,434 --> 01:07:19,001
<i>The '60s is kind of known</i>

2114
01:07:19,068 --> 01:07:20,953
<i>We had a lot of</i>

2115
01:07:19,068 --> 01:07:22,838
<i>movement,</i>

2116
01:07:20,954 --> 01:07:22,838
<i>assassinations, Women's Rights</i>

2117
01:07:22,905 --> 01:07:24,407
<i>Black Power movement.</i>

2118
01:07:24,507 --> 01:07:26,776
<i>- And so the music kind of
- Reflected those times.</i>

2119
01:07:26,876 --> 01:07:29,045
<i>The dances reflected the</i>

2120
01:07:29,046 --> 01:07:31,213
<i>movement that was going on.</i>

2121
01:07:32,748 --> 01:07:34,600
<i>So now the twist</i>

2122
01:07:34,601 --> 01:07:36,452
<i>changes the social decorum.</i>

2123
01:07:36,552 --> 01:07:37,954
<i>People are just dancing. They</i>

2124
01:07:37,955 --> 01:07:39,355
<i>can do it by themselves,</i>

2125
01:07:39,422 --> 01:07:41,608
<i>a woman doesn't have to wait</i>

2126
01:07:39,422 --> 01:07:43,793
<i>dance.</i>

2127
01:07:41,609 --> 01:07:43,793
<i>for a man to ask her to</i>

2128
01:07:43,893 --> 01:07:45,511
[Dr. Faison]<i> We were seeing</i>

2129
01:07:43,893 --> 01:07:47,129
<i>different attitudes.</i>

2130
01:07:45,512 --> 01:07:47,129
<i>all sorts of</i>

2131
01:07:47,229 --> 01:07:48,247
<i>And people were</i>

2132
01:07:48,248 --> 01:07:49,265
<i>coming out of,</i>

2133
01:07:49,365 --> 01:07:50,533
or falling out of,

2134
01:07:50,534 --> 01:07:51,700
all kind of closets.

2135
01:07:51,767 --> 01:07:53,369
You know what I mean?

2136
01:07:53,370 --> 01:07:54,970
So the world was different.

2137
01:07:55,071 --> 01:07:56,605
<i>People were different.</i>

2138
01:07:56,705 --> 01:07:58,507
<i>We were living and it</i>

2139
01:07:58,508 --> 01:08:00,309
<i>was everything out there.</i>

2140
01:08:00,409 --> 01:08:02,895
<i>Drugs and sex and rock 'n'</i>

2141
01:08:02,896 --> 01:08:05,381
<i>roll, and that other beat.</i>

2142
01:08:05,448 --> 01:08:06,950
There it was,

2143
01:08:06,951 --> 01:08:08,451
it was jazz back there

2144
01:08:08,551 --> 01:08:10,319
on the dance floor again.

2145
01:08:10,419 --> 01:08:11,954
You know, taking us

2146
01:08:11,955 --> 01:08:13,489
into another era.

2147
01:08:13,589 --> 01:08:15,074
In the '70s,

2148
01:08:15,075 --> 01:08:16,559
the streets were buzzing,

2149
01:08:16,625 --> 01:08:18,060
the clubs were buzzing,

2150
01:08:18,061 --> 01:08:19,495
dance was everywhere,

2151
01:08:19,595 --> 01:08:21,130
and dance wasn't just

2152
01:08:21,131 --> 01:08:22,665
something you had to train for,

2153
01:08:22,765 --> 01:08:24,167
dance was something

2154
01:08:24,168 --> 01:08:25,568
you could create

2155
01:08:25,634 --> 01:08:27,970
-<i>whether it was</i>
- <i>From the streets of hip-hop</i>

2156
01:08:28,070 --> 01:08:29,622
<i>or breaking or</i>

2157
01:08:29,623 --> 01:08:31,173
<i>in the discos.</i>

2158
01:08:31,273 --> 01:08:33,676
<i>And it was wild.</i>

2159
01:08:37,746 --> 01:08:39,849
Hip-hop is the culture that has

2160
01:08:39,850 --> 01:08:41,951
come right out of our community.

2161
01:08:42,017 --> 01:08:44,420
- It's a culture,
- It's not just a music style

2162
01:08:44,487 --> 01:08:45,754
or dance style, it's a culture.

2163
01:08:45,821 --> 01:08:47,256
Hip-hop is a

2164
01:08:47,257 --> 01:08:48,691
derivative of jazz.

2165
01:08:48,791 --> 01:08:49,992
And so the root of it

2166
01:08:49,993 --> 01:08:51,193
is coming from jazz

2167
01:08:51,293 --> 01:08:52,695
but it's the street,

2168
01:08:52,795 --> 01:08:54,363
it's the common dance.

2169
01:08:54,463 --> 01:08:56,499
- I call it the common dance
- Of jazz today.

2170
01:08:56,599 --> 01:08:57,984
Most of the

2171
01:08:56,599 --> 01:08:59,368
hip-hop culture

2172
01:08:57,985 --> 01:08:59,368
characteristics defined with

2173
01:08:59,468 --> 01:09:01,203
-are closely connected
- To the roots,

2174
01:09:01,303 --> 01:09:03,472
the identifiable

2175
01:09:01,303 --> 01:09:05,641
traditional dance.

2176
01:09:03,473 --> 01:09:05,641
characteristics of African

2177
01:09:05,708 --> 01:09:07,710
[upbeat music playing]

2178
01:09:11,814 --> 01:09:13,349
[Brown]<i> Each</i>

2179
01:09:13,350 --> 01:09:14,884
<i>generation has a time</i>

2180
01:09:14,984 --> 01:09:16,936
<i>when you're looking</i>

2181
01:09:16,937 --> 01:09:18,888
<i>at the politics around you</i>

2182
01:09:18,988 --> 01:09:20,189
<i>and you're</i>

2183
01:09:20,190 --> 01:09:21,390
<i>responding to it.</i>

2184
01:09:21,490 --> 01:09:22,675
That was part of

2185
01:09:22,676 --> 01:09:23,859
the creation of hip-hop,

2186
01:09:23,959 --> 01:09:26,228
people finding their voices.

2187
01:09:28,330 --> 01:09:30,733
- [Durden]<i> Pretty much</i>
<i>- Every hip-hop dance you see,</i>

2188
01:09:30,833 --> 01:09:32,201
<i>I can show you footage</i>

2189
01:09:32,202 --> 01:09:33,569
<i>of that same step</i>

2190
01:09:33,669 --> 01:09:36,539
<i>from the jazz era.</i>

2191
01:09:36,639 --> 01:09:39,008
<i>- Some of the movement
- That you see breakers do was</i>

2192
01:09:39,074 --> 01:09:41,076
<i>part of what was considered</i>

2193
01:09:39,074 --> 01:09:43,078
<i>in the jazz era.</i>

2194
01:09:41,077 --> 01:09:43,078
<i>eccentric dancing</i>

2195
01:09:43,179 --> 01:09:45,214
<i>A lot of that was seen</i>

2196
01:09:45,215 --> 01:09:47,249
<i>as comedic dancing.</i>

2197
01:09:47,349 --> 01:09:48,918
<i>In 1921, Lupino Lane</i>

2198
01:09:48,919 --> 01:09:50,486
<i>came out with a book,</i>

2199
01:09:50,553 --> 01:09:51,788
<i>and in that book,</i>

2200
01:09:51,789 --> 01:09:53,022
<i>they illustrate</i>

2201
01:09:53,088 --> 01:09:55,207
<i>how to do moves</i>

2202
01:09:55,208 --> 01:09:57,326
<i>that breakers do right now.</i>

2203
01:09:57,393 --> 01:09:59,412
<i>So, we can see that none</i>

2204
01:09:59,413 --> 01:10:01,430
<i>of this stuff is new</i>

2205
01:10:01,530 --> 01:10:03,599
<i>- and they say nothing is new
- Under the sun,</i>

2206
01:10:03,699 --> 01:10:05,434
<i>the only thing that might</i>

2207
01:10:03,699 --> 01:10:07,169
<i>twist on it.</i>

2208
01:10:05,435 --> 01:10:07,169
<i>be new is how you put your</i>

2209
01:10:07,236 --> 01:10:08,621
<i>But there's a lineage</i>

2210
01:10:08,622 --> 01:10:10,005
<i>to this movement</i>

2211
01:10:10,072 --> 01:10:11,490
<i>that we need to excavate</i>

2212
01:10:11,491 --> 01:10:12,908
<i>to really understand</i>

2213
01:10:13,008 --> 01:10:14,176
<i>its socio-cultural</i>

2214
01:10:14,177 --> 01:10:15,344
<i>significance.</i>

2215
01:10:15,411 --> 01:10:16,512
<i>And these are</i>

2216
01:10:16,513 --> 01:10:17,613
<i>steps that go back</i>

2217
01:10:17,713 --> 01:10:18,731
<i>to the 1800s,</i>

2218
01:10:18,732 --> 01:10:19,748
<i>some of them.</i>

2219
01:10:19,848 --> 01:10:21,600
<i>And so there's a progression</i>

2220
01:10:19,848 --> 01:10:23,352
<i>community</i>

2221
01:10:21,601 --> 01:10:23,352
<i>that happens in the</i>

2222
01:10:23,419 --> 01:10:25,054
<i>that we don't</i>

2223
01:10:25,055 --> 01:10:26,689
<i>see on the stage.</i>

2224
01:10:26,755 --> 01:10:28,357
<i>So, Lindy Hop</i>

2225
01:10:28,358 --> 01:10:29,959
<i>didn't die,</i>

2226
01:10:30,059 --> 01:10:31,344
<i>it transitioned</i>

2227
01:10:31,345 --> 01:10:32,628
<i>into some other movements</i>

2228
01:10:32,728 --> 01:10:34,296
<i>for the next generation.</i>

2229
01:10:34,396 --> 01:10:36,632
<i>- So you have Lindy Hoppers
- Today saying,</i>

2230
01:10:36,732 --> 01:10:38,901
<i>- "Well, the African Americans,
- They dropped it."</i>

2231
01:10:38,968 --> 01:10:40,636
<i>You can't drop culture.</i>

2232
01:10:40,736 --> 01:10:42,037
<i>You don't drop culture.</i>

2233
01:10:42,104 --> 01:10:43,806
<i>- But if you're not
- In that culture,</i>

2234
01:10:43,906 --> 01:10:45,908
<i>you don't see how it</i>

2235
01:10:45,909 --> 01:10:47,910
<i>morphs into the next thing.</i>

2236
01:10:50,045 --> 01:10:51,981
<i>- And so now, when I get
- Around young students</i>

2237
01:10:52,081 --> 01:10:54,049
<i>- and they're turning
- Their nose up at hip-hop.</i>

2238
01:10:54,116 --> 01:10:55,368
<i>"Oh, no. I'm not taking</i>

2239
01:10:54,116 --> 01:10:56,619
<i>dancing."</i>

2240
01:10:55,369 --> 01:10:56,619
<i>hip-hop, that's not real</i>

2241
01:10:56,719 --> 01:10:58,320
<i>- And it's very
- Interesting to me</i>

2242
01:10:58,420 --> 01:11:00,398
<i>- because we'll talk about
- African-American people</i>

2243
01:11:00,422 --> 01:11:02,124
who, "I have to have

2244
01:11:02,125 --> 01:11:03,826
my natural hairstyle.

2245
01:11:03,926 --> 01:11:05,261
I have to have the garb.

2246
01:11:05,327 --> 01:11:07,329
- I have to have the Black art
- On the wall.

2247
01:11:07,429 --> 01:11:09,298
I need to read Langston Hughes."

2248
01:11:09,398 --> 01:11:11,834
But when it comes to the dance

2249
01:11:11,934 --> 01:11:13,302
<i>and hip-hop</i>

2250
01:11:13,402 --> 01:11:14,620
<i>is most tied</i>

2251
01:11:14,621 --> 01:11:15,838
<i>to your cultural identity</i>

2252
01:11:15,938 --> 01:11:17,139
<i>and heritage</i>

2253
01:11:17,140 --> 01:11:18,340
<i>because of the structure</i>

2254
01:11:18,440 --> 01:11:19,875
how rooted it is in African

2255
01:11:19,876 --> 01:11:21,310
dance.

2256
01:11:21,410 --> 01:11:23,846
But that's not real dancing.

2257
01:11:23,946 --> 01:11:26,749
And these elders have taught you

2258
01:11:26,815 --> 01:11:29,251
to value this Eurocentric dance

2259
01:11:29,318 --> 01:11:31,037
over what's most connected

2260
01:11:31,038 --> 01:11:32,755
to your heritage.

2261
01:11:32,821 --> 01:11:34,156
They don't get it.

2262
01:11:34,256 --> 01:11:35,858
- They're not
- Doing it intentionally.

2263
01:11:35,958 --> 01:11:37,426
They don't see it.

2264
01:11:39,094 --> 01:11:40,629
- [Guarino]
- <i>Hip-hop, all of a sudden,</i>

2265
01:11:40,696 --> 01:11:42,698
<i>- you see it not danced
- To hip-hop music</i>

2266
01:11:42,798 --> 01:11:44,442
<i>- so we're removing it
- Further and further</i>

2267
01:11:44,466 --> 01:11:45,651
<i>from that culture</i>

2268
01:11:45,652 --> 01:11:46,835
<i>of which it was born.</i>

2269
01:11:46,935 --> 01:11:48,937
<i>- And it might not have
- That connection</i>

2270
01:11:49,004 --> 01:11:50,339
<i>to the place</i>

2271
01:11:50,340 --> 01:11:51,674
<i>where in the '80s</i>

2272
01:11:51,774 --> 01:11:53,542
<i>- when people were
- Using hip-hop</i>

2273
01:11:53,642 --> 01:11:55,444
<i>- as a way to work out
- Their aggression</i>

2274
01:11:55,511 --> 01:11:57,212
<i>- and from a place
- Of community.</i>

2275
01:11:57,313 --> 01:11:58,581
<i>So now I see</i>

2276
01:11:58,582 --> 01:11:59,848
<i>a lot of hip-hop dances</i>

2277
01:11:59,948 --> 01:12:01,459
-where everyone
- Is standing in straight lines

2278
01:12:01,483 --> 01:12:03,352
-and directed outward
- Towards the audience

2279
01:12:03,452 --> 01:12:06,388
-and there's this
- Disconnect and lack of community

2280
01:12:06,488 --> 01:12:08,357
-and they're not dancing
- To hip-hop music,

2281
01:12:08,457 --> 01:12:09,634
yet they're calling it hip-hop.

2282
01:12:09,658 --> 01:12:11,010
So we're having

2283
01:12:11,011 --> 01:12:12,361
a lot of the same issues

2284
01:12:12,461 --> 01:12:14,363
- with these branches off
- Of the jazz tree

2285
01:12:14,463 --> 01:12:15,765
<i>and who knows</i>

2286
01:12:15,766 --> 01:12:17,066
<i>where they'll go.</i>

2287
01:12:30,145 --> 01:12:31,864
[Blackstone]<i> A great</i>

2288
01:12:31,865 --> 01:12:33,582
<i>jazz dancer is musical,</i>

2289
01:12:33,682 --> 01:12:35,217
<i>has line,</i>

2290
01:12:35,317 --> 01:12:36,585
<i>has a strong</i>

2291
01:12:36,586 --> 01:12:37,853
<i>sense of self.</i>

2292
01:12:39,488 --> 01:12:41,123
A great jazz dancer

2293
01:12:41,124 --> 01:12:42,758
isn't afraid to get dirty.

2294
01:12:42,858 --> 01:12:44,760
A great jazz dancer isn't

2295
01:12:44,761 --> 01:12:46,662
afraid to enjoy themselves.

2296
01:12:52,401 --> 01:12:54,236
[Esse]<i> It's those extra</i>

2297
01:12:52,401 --> 01:12:56,071
<i>movement</i>

2298
01:12:54,237 --> 01:12:56,071
<i>inches of feeling in</i>

2299
01:12:56,171 --> 01:12:57,623
<i>that I think makes the most</i>

2300
01:12:57,624 --> 01:12:59,074
<i>dynamic jazz dancer,</i>

2301
01:12:59,174 --> 01:13:01,010
somebody that doesn't just

2302
01:13:01,011 --> 01:13:02,845
stop at the end of the line

2303
01:13:02,911 --> 01:13:04,513
but continues to go on.

2304
01:13:12,721 --> 01:13:13,989
[Mandy Moore]

2305
01:13:12,721 --> 01:13:15,257
<i>knows how to focus.</i>

2306
01:13:13,990 --> 01:13:15,257
<i>A great jazz dancer</i>

2307
01:13:15,357 --> 01:13:17,259
-They know
- How to get the audience

2308
01:13:17,359 --> 01:13:18,527
to look at them and say,

2309
01:13:18,528 --> 01:13:19,695
this is what I want.

2310
01:13:19,762 --> 01:13:20,896
<i>This is what I want you</i>

2311
01:13:20,897 --> 01:13:22,030
<i>to look at.</i>

2312
01:13:29,605 --> 01:13:31,607
- [Allen]<i> It's like</i>
<i>- The great jazz musicians.</i>

2313
01:13:31,707 --> 01:13:33,618
<i>- There're a lot of people
- That can hit the notes</i>

2314
01:13:33,642 --> 01:13:35,144
<i>- but can they
- Put it together,</i>

2315
01:13:35,244 --> 01:13:37,813
- can they make gumbo with it,
- Can they zhuzh it,

2316
01:13:37,913 --> 01:13:38,981
can they make it hot?

2317
01:13:39,081 --> 01:13:40,366
You know,

2318
01:13:40,367 --> 01:13:41,650
that's jazz dancing.

2319
01:13:46,422 --> 01:13:48,262
- [Jerry Mitchell]<i> I can</i>
<i>- Teach you the steps,</i>

2320
01:13:48,323 --> 01:13:49,858
<i>I can teach you the</i>

2321
01:13:48,323 --> 01:13:51,393
<i>notes.</i>

2322
01:13:49,859 --> 01:13:51,393
<i>words, I can teach you the</i>

2323
01:13:51,460 --> 01:13:53,345
<i>But what I can't teach</i>

2324
01:13:51,460 --> 01:13:55,230
<i>passion.</i>

2325
01:13:53,346 --> 01:13:55,230
<i>you how to do is have</i>

2326
01:13:55,297 --> 01:13:56,765
If you can't bring passion

2327
01:13:56,766 --> 01:13:58,233
to the room,

2328
01:13:58,300 --> 01:13:59,451
why would anyone

2329
01:13:59,452 --> 01:14:00,602
wanna watch you?

2330
01:14:12,481 --> 01:14:14,416
In the '80s, dance was visible

2331
01:14:14,417 --> 01:14:16,351
in a way

2332
01:14:16,452 --> 01:14:19,021
that it isn't even visible now.

2333
01:14:19,121 --> 01:14:20,756
- It was, like, okay,
- Now sex is back

2334
01:14:20,823 --> 01:14:23,525
- and we're gonna... we got MTV
- And music videos and it's hot.

2335
01:14:23,625 --> 01:14:26,428
- And, like, girls are killing it,
- With the guys strong,

2336
01:14:26,495 --> 01:14:27,796
shirtless, you know.

2337
01:14:33,802 --> 01:14:36,638
- [George]<i> There was so much -
Dance happening in the '80s and - '90s.</i>

2338
01:14:36,705 --> 01:14:37,823
<i>And you would see</i>

2339
01:14:37,824 --> 01:14:38,941
<i>the same dancers</i>

2340
01:14:39,007 --> 01:14:40,509
<i>from video to video</i>

2341
01:14:40,609 --> 01:14:42,444
<i>- and then you just didn't see
- Them anymore.</i>

2342
01:14:42,511 --> 01:14:44,112
<i>- And conventional wisdom
- Would say,</i>

2343
01:14:44,179 --> 01:14:46,014
<i>- oh, it's because
- Dancing in music videos</i>

2344
01:14:46,114 --> 01:14:47,149
<i>fell out of vogue</i>

2345
01:14:47,150 --> 01:14:48,183
<i>in the late '90s.</i>

2346
01:14:48,283 --> 01:14:50,018
But the reality also was,

2347
01:14:50,118 --> 01:14:51,663
- we were in the midst
- Of an AIDS crisis.

2348
01:14:51,687 --> 01:14:53,355
And so there's dancers

2349
01:14:53,356 --> 01:14:55,023
who I saw in multiple videos

2350
01:14:55,123 --> 01:14:57,292
who then just disappeared.

2351
01:15:02,798 --> 01:15:03,849
[Mitchell]<i> I</i>

2352
01:15:03,850 --> 01:15:04,900
<i>was a dancer.</i>

2353
01:15:05,000 --> 01:15:06,785
<i>Choreographers were dying</i>

2354
01:15:06,786 --> 01:15:08,570
<i>left and right.</i>

2355
01:15:08,670 --> 01:15:10,906
<i>There was no dance.</i>

2356
01:15:11,006 --> 01:15:12,708
<i>- Dance disappeared
- From Broadway</i>

2357
01:15:12,808 --> 01:15:14,743
<i>- not because the
- Choreographers were dying,</i>

2358
01:15:14,843 --> 01:15:17,596
because dance

2359
01:15:17,597 --> 01:15:20,349
is a sexual expression.

2360
01:15:20,415 --> 01:15:22,551
- Even when you don't want it
- To be sexual,

2361
01:15:22,651 --> 01:15:25,020
it's sexual because we're using

2362
01:15:25,021 --> 01:15:27,389
our bodies to tell a story.

2363
01:15:27,489 --> 01:15:29,358
So people were afraid.

2364
01:15:30,526 --> 01:15:32,311
<i>And that form</i>

2365
01:15:32,312 --> 01:15:34,096
<i>of expression</i>

2366
01:15:34,196 --> 01:15:35,631
<i>was left alone</i>

2367
01:15:35,632 --> 01:15:37,065
<i>for a while.</i>

2368
01:15:41,203 --> 01:15:42,571
[George]<i> AIDS took</i>

2369
01:15:42,572 --> 01:15:43,939
<i>out all of these men</i>

2370
01:15:44,039 --> 01:15:46,659
<i>and it took them out primarily</i>

2371
01:15:46,660 --> 01:15:49,278
<i>between the ages of 23 and 45.</i>

2372
01:15:49,378 --> 01:15:51,780
-<i>And when you think</i>
- <i>About who we are as artists</i>

2373
01:15:51,880 --> 01:15:52,915
<i>and when we hit,</i>

2374
01:15:52,916 --> 01:15:53,949
<i>like, our prime,</i>

2375
01:15:54,049 --> 01:15:55,634
<i>when we really like</i>

2376
01:15:54,049 --> 01:15:57,219
<i>wanna do.</i>

2377
01:15:55,635 --> 01:15:57,219
<i>figure out what it is what we</i>

2378
01:15:57,286 --> 01:15:58,287
<i>Thirty-five</i>

2379
01:15:58,288 --> 01:15:59,288
<i>and forty-five,</i>

2380
01:15:59,388 --> 01:16:00,840
<i>that's when people</i>

2381
01:16:00,841 --> 01:16:02,291
<i>really, really lock in</i>

2382
01:16:02,391 --> 01:16:04,743
and we just

2383
01:16:04,744 --> 01:16:07,095
don't have those voices,

2384
01:16:07,195 --> 01:16:09,031
so it changed the trajectory

2385
01:16:09,097 --> 01:16:10,909
- in ways that I don't know
- That we can really name

2386
01:16:10,933 --> 01:16:12,501
because, certainly,

2387
01:16:10,933 --> 01:16:14,069
you know.

2388
01:16:12,502 --> 01:16:14,069
work was still getting made,

2389
01:16:14,136 --> 01:16:16,021
Uh, but, you know,

2390
01:16:16,022 --> 01:16:17,906
a chunk of the creative team

2391
01:16:17,973 --> 01:16:19,041
that created<i> A</i>

2392
01:16:19,042 --> 01:16:20,108
<i>Chorus Line</i> is gone.

2393
01:16:24,913 --> 01:16:26,782
I got to where I am

2394
01:16:26,783 --> 01:16:28,650
on the backs of a lot of people

2395
01:16:28,750 --> 01:16:30,152
who are no longer with us.

2396
01:16:30,252 --> 01:16:31,687
So, when I really started

2397
01:16:31,688 --> 01:16:33,121
to teach in New York,

2398
01:16:33,221 --> 01:16:34,890
that was during the AIDS crisis.

2399
01:16:34,957 --> 01:16:36,609
So the young gentlemen

2400
01:16:36,610 --> 01:16:38,260
who were teaching jazz

2401
01:16:38,327 --> 01:16:41,463
all over New York disappeared.

2402
01:16:41,563 --> 01:16:43,282
Those people that we lost,

2403
01:16:43,283 --> 01:16:45,000
we lost a whole connection

2404
01:16:45,100 --> 01:16:47,336
- the things that would have
- Informed theater.

2405
01:16:47,436 --> 01:16:49,638
- God, who knows what we would
- Have been doing now

2406
01:16:49,738 --> 01:16:51,673
had those people not died.

2407
01:16:56,111 --> 01:16:58,246
-<i>Sometimes I look at the work</i>
- <i>Of the '80s</i>

2408
01:16:58,313 --> 01:16:59,982
<i>and as much as it feels</i>

2409
01:16:58,313 --> 01:17:01,650
<i>dynamic,</i>

2410
01:16:59,983 --> 01:17:01,650
<i>sexual and propulsive and</i>

2411
01:17:01,750 --> 01:17:04,319
-<i>there's times it also feels</i>
- <i>Really desperate,</i>

2412
01:17:04,419 --> 01:17:06,855
-<i>because people were dancing</i>
- <i>For their lives.</i>

2413
01:17:06,955 --> 01:17:08,624
<i>And many of them</i>

2414
01:17:08,625 --> 01:17:10,292
<i>couldn't talk about it.</i>

2415
01:17:15,130 --> 01:17:17,699
<i>- It's heartbreaking.
- It's heartbreaking because...</i>

2416
01:17:17,799 --> 01:17:20,002
<i>- we'll never know
- What they could have done,</i>

2417
01:17:20,102 --> 01:17:21,387
<i>we'll never know how that</i>

2418
01:17:20,102 --> 01:17:22,671
<i>our lives,</i>

2419
01:17:21,388 --> 01:17:22,671
<i>work could have changed</i>

2420
01:17:22,771 --> 01:17:24,106
<i>how that work would</i>

2421
01:17:24,107 --> 01:17:25,440
<i>have changed the world.</i>

2422
01:17:39,888 --> 01:17:41,807
[instructor] Spread the toes,

2423
01:17:41,808 --> 01:17:43,725
pli�, rolling up.

2424
01:17:43,825 --> 01:17:45,894
-Pressing the whole foot
- Into the floor,

2425
01:17:45,994 --> 01:17:47,229
feeling very rooted.

2426
01:17:47,329 --> 01:17:48,830
Stand tall.

2427
01:17:59,307 --> 01:18:01,009
To first position.

2428
01:18:04,680 --> 01:18:06,815
- [George]<i> I started</i>
<i>- Noticing it in the '90s,</i>

2429
01:18:06,882 --> 01:18:08,767
<i>the repertoire of jazz</i>

2430
01:18:06,882 --> 01:18:10,652
<i>dramatically.</i>

2431
01:18:08,768 --> 01:18:10,652
<i>companies was changing</i>

2432
01:18:10,719 --> 01:18:12,754
Two, regular.

2433
01:18:13,989 --> 01:18:15,757
It's slow. I know. I changed it.

2434
01:18:15,857 --> 01:18:17,392
<i>What happened</i>

2435
01:18:17,393 --> 01:18:18,927
<i>was a huge shift</i>

2436
01:18:19,027 --> 01:18:20,312
to modern and

2437
01:18:20,313 --> 01:18:21,596
contemporary.

2438
01:18:24,332 --> 01:18:26,001
Body roll.

2439
01:18:26,068 --> 01:18:27,069
There was

2440
01:18:27,070 --> 01:18:28,070
nothing going on,

2441
01:18:28,170 --> 01:18:29,905
- I mean, you could
- Barely get a job

2442
01:18:30,005 --> 01:18:31,707
as a jazz dancer.

2443
01:18:37,179 --> 01:18:38,747
Pli�, roll it out.

2444
01:18:38,847 --> 01:18:40,549
[George]<i> But then a few years</i>

2445
01:18:40,550 --> 01:18:42,250
<i>go by, five, six years,</i>

2446
01:18:42,350 --> 01:18:44,753
Britney Spears, Backstreet Boys,

2447
01:18:44,853 --> 01:18:48,123
NSYNC, Darrin's Dance Grooves.

2448
01:18:48,223 --> 01:18:49,958
<i>Because it's always cyclical,</i>

2449
01:18:50,058 --> 01:18:52,203
<i>- there's always an ebb and
- A flow to what's happening.</i>

2450
01:18:52,227 --> 01:18:54,539
<i>- And so, even if you - Don't
see jazz prominent right - now,</i>

2451
01:18:54,563 --> 01:18:57,199
<i>- just wait because it's always
- Gonna be there.</i>

2452
01:18:58,867 --> 01:19:00,435
-There's something
- About jazz

2453
01:19:00,535 --> 01:19:03,171
that feels almost like

2454
01:19:03,172 --> 01:19:05,807
everyman meets magnified dancer.

2455
01:19:05,907 --> 01:19:07,919
<i>- You know, there's some things
- About jazz dancing</i>

2456
01:19:07,943 --> 01:19:09,711
-<i>that I think</i>
- <i>Can feel</i>

2457
01:19:09,778 --> 01:19:12,047
-<i>common to someone who</i>
- <i>Doesn't know how to dance.</i>

2458
01:19:12,114 --> 01:19:14,049
-<i>It feels right</i>
- <i>When you watch it,</i>

2459
01:19:14,116 --> 01:19:15,301
<i>where sometimes</i>

2460
01:19:15,302 --> 01:19:16,485
<i>things like ballet</i>

2461
01:19:16,585 --> 01:19:17,920
<i>can feel a</i>

2462
01:19:17,921 --> 01:19:19,254
<i>little elitist.</i>

2463
01:19:19,321 --> 01:19:21,123
- [Simonson]<i> And because</i>
<i>- It was not elitist,</i>

2464
01:19:21,223 --> 01:19:22,858
it was not "classical

2465
01:19:22,859 --> 01:19:24,493
ballet," opera, the symphony,

2466
01:19:24,593 --> 01:19:27,462
it was looked down upon.

2467
01:19:27,562 --> 01:19:29,331
-[Knight]<i> There are</i>
- <i>Certain areas of dance</i>

2468
01:19:29,431 --> 01:19:30,783
<i>that are much more</i>

2469
01:19:29,431 --> 01:19:32,134
<i>because</i>

2470
01:19:30,784 --> 01:19:32,134
<i>well-funded and understood</i>

2471
01:19:32,234 --> 01:19:34,302
their values fall in alignment

2472
01:19:34,402 --> 01:19:36,571
-with the values of the people
- Who have the dollars.

2473
01:19:36,638 --> 01:19:38,273
<i>And so, unfortunately, jazz,</i>

2474
01:19:38,274 --> 01:19:39,908
<i>hip-hop, tap,</i>

2475
01:19:39,975 --> 01:19:41,443
<i>they're looked at</i>

2476
01:19:41,444 --> 01:19:42,911
<i>as the other forms.</i>

2477
01:19:45,914 --> 01:19:47,533
[Boross] Jazz has been told

2478
01:19:47,534 --> 01:19:49,151
not to be jazz.

2479
01:19:49,251 --> 01:19:51,136
Jazz is now lately

2480
01:19:49,251 --> 01:19:53,021
liability.

2481
01:19:51,137 --> 01:19:53,021
considered to be a

2482
01:19:53,121 --> 01:19:55,073
[Walker]<i> I was told,</i>

2483
01:19:53,121 --> 01:19:57,025
<i>contemporary in front of it,</i>

2484
01:19:55,074 --> 01:19:57,025
<i>"If you would put</i>

2485
01:19:57,125 --> 01:19:58,994
<i>I could help you out."</i>

2486
01:19:59,094 --> 01:20:00,495
<i>But I couldn't do that.</i>

2487
01:20:00,595 --> 01:20:03,031
-If you're gonna go
- And talk about jazz dance,

2488
01:20:03,131 --> 01:20:04,483
you don't wanna put

2489
01:20:04,484 --> 01:20:05,834
contemporary in front of it.

2490
01:20:05,934 --> 01:20:07,536
Jazz should stand by

2491
01:20:07,537 --> 01:20:09,137
itself, but there's no funding.

2492
01:20:11,673 --> 01:20:13,484
- [Drew McOnie] - <i>To say there's more room</i>
<i>- In the industry</i>

2493
01:20:13,508 --> 01:20:15,343
<i>- for jazz companies
- Is like...</i>

2494
01:20:15,443 --> 01:20:17,321
<i>- I mean, of course there is,
- There's so few of them.</i>

2495
01:20:17,345 --> 01:20:19,347
<i>- You know, if you think
- About how saturated</i>

2496
01:20:19,447 --> 01:20:21,859
-the world is with ballet - Companies
and contemporary - companies that...

2497
01:20:21,883 --> 01:20:24,462
-And there is... I promise - You,
there is the wealth of - talent out there

2498
01:20:24,486 --> 01:20:25,821
<i>to fill hundreds</i>

2499
01:20:25,822 --> 01:20:27,155
<i>of jazz companies.</i>

2500
01:20:36,464 --> 01:20:38,266
To make a career in dance,

2501
01:20:36,464 --> 01:20:40,068
in New York City,

2502
01:20:38,267 --> 01:20:40,068
to make a career here

2503
01:20:40,168 --> 01:20:41,837
versatility is everything.

2504
01:20:41,903 --> 01:20:43,572
-<i>You have to</i>
- <i>Do everything.</i>

2505
01:20:43,672 --> 01:20:45,073
<i>- You must be a
- Great jazz dancer.</i>

2506
01:20:45,173 --> 01:20:47,209
<i>- You must have great ballet
- Technique.</i>

2507
01:20:47,309 --> 01:20:48,743
<i>- You need to be
- A tap dancer.</i>

2508
01:20:48,844 --> 01:20:50,596
<i>You should be great</i>

2509
01:20:50,597 --> 01:20:52,347
<i>at flamenco and hip-hop.</i>

2510
01:20:52,414 --> 01:20:54,249
<i>And you should sing.</i>

2511
01:20:54,349 --> 01:20:55,717
You know, it's a lot.

2512
01:20:55,718 --> 01:20:57,085
There's a lot.

2513
01:20:57,185 --> 01:20:59,105
- I think that what's happening
- In New York now

2514
01:20:59,154 --> 01:21:00,914
-is that people are taking
- Theater classes

2515
01:21:00,989 --> 01:21:02,424
-<i>because they</i>
- <i>Wanna do theater</i>

2516
01:21:02,524 --> 01:21:03,876
<i>because that's how</i>

2517
01:21:03,877 --> 01:21:05,227
<i>they can make money.</i>

2518
01:21:05,327 --> 01:21:06,545
[George]<i> A friend of</i>

2519
01:21:05,327 --> 01:21:07,762
<i>jazz."</i>

2520
01:21:06,546 --> 01:21:07,762
<i>mine calls it "get a job</i>

2521
01:21:07,863 --> 01:21:09,974
- Training people how to actually
- Work in the field,

2522
01:21:09,998 --> 01:21:11,533
which means commercial work

2523
01:21:11,534 --> 01:21:13,068
or theatrical work.

2524
01:21:15,370 --> 01:21:16,571
<i>Jazz as a technique</i>

2525
01:21:16,671 --> 01:21:17,991
<i>- is really how
- You become great</i>

2526
01:21:18,039 --> 01:21:19,708
<i>- at doing
- The kind of choreography</i>

2527
01:21:19,774 --> 01:21:21,743
<i>- that you see in
- Theater today.</i>

2528
01:21:23,845 --> 01:21:25,147
<i>The practice,</i>

2529
01:21:25,148 --> 01:21:26,448
<i>or the way it is taught,</i>

2530
01:21:26,548 --> 01:21:28,617
<i>- is only from a
- Commercial point of view.</i>

2531
01:21:28,717 --> 01:21:30,752
We very rarely go back

2532
01:21:28,717 --> 01:21:32,787
the lineage,

2533
01:21:30,753 --> 01:21:32,787
and we look at the history,

2534
01:21:32,888 --> 01:21:34,256
what makes jazz what it is,

2535
01:21:34,257 --> 01:21:35,624
what is the aesthetic.

2536
01:21:35,724 --> 01:21:37,401
- And so, the aesthetic
- Has changed so much

2537
01:21:37,425 --> 01:21:38,510
that we don't

2538
01:21:38,511 --> 01:21:39,594
recognize it today.

2539
01:21:43,565 --> 01:21:44,583
[Murray]<i> Sometimes we</i>

2540
01:21:44,584 --> 01:21:45,600
<i>think of jazz dance</i>

2541
01:21:45,700 --> 01:21:47,535
<i>- as permanently
- Being in peril,</i>

2542
01:21:47,602 --> 01:21:49,104
<i>but if you look at those</i>

2543
01:21:47,602 --> 01:21:50,605
<i>on television,</i>

2544
01:21:49,105 --> 01:21:50,605
<i>popular dance shows</i>

2545
01:21:50,705 --> 01:21:52,607
there are serious choreographers

2546
01:21:52,707 --> 01:21:54,342
on those shows

2547
01:21:54,343 --> 01:21:55,977
that are introducing jazz

2548
01:21:56,077 --> 01:21:57,812
- to a really
- Broad audience.

2549
01:21:57,913 --> 01:21:59,448
Dance is becoming more

2550
01:21:59,449 --> 01:22:00,982
accessible to the masses.

2551
01:22:01,082 --> 01:22:02,384
It's giving them inspiration

2552
01:22:02,450 --> 01:22:03,885
and it's getting new people

2553
01:22:03,886 --> 01:22:05,320
started dancing.

2554
01:22:05,420 --> 01:22:07,956
-I worry that it's all
- Become a little bit tricksy,

2555
01:22:08,056 --> 01:22:09,941
that if you can do a

2556
01:22:08,056 --> 01:22:11,826
jazz dancer.

2557
01:22:09,942 --> 01:22:11,826
backflip, you're therefore a

2558
01:22:11,927 --> 01:22:13,995
No, you're not.

2559
01:22:14,095 --> 01:22:15,797
<i>- Look at this
- Competition crap.</i>

2560
01:22:15,897 --> 01:22:17,499
<i>- It's how many pirouettes
- Can I do?</i>

2561
01:22:17,599 --> 01:22:20,001
<i>- How can I expose my crotch
- In a different way?</i>

2562
01:22:20,101 --> 01:22:21,803
<i>It's not about</i>

2563
01:22:21,804 --> 01:22:23,505
<i>moving anybody.</i>

2564
01:22:23,605 --> 01:22:25,173
- [Simonson]
- <i>It becomes trick-oriented</i>

2565
01:22:25,273 --> 01:22:26,391
<i>and that's what</i>

2566
01:22:26,392 --> 01:22:27,509
<i>the everyday person</i>

2567
01:22:27,609 --> 01:22:29,127
<i>is seeing on television</i>

2568
01:22:29,128 --> 01:22:30,645
<i>and they're going, "Wow."</i>

2569
01:22:30,745 --> 01:22:32,847
<i>- And we're going,
- "No, that's just tricks.</i>

2570
01:22:32,948 --> 01:22:34,249
There's no heart."

2571
01:22:34,316 --> 01:22:35,834
But there are people

2572
01:22:35,835 --> 01:22:37,352
looking at dance now,

2573
01:22:37,452 --> 01:22:39,187
so flip it to the other side,

2574
01:22:39,287 --> 01:22:40,555
who've never considered

2575
01:22:40,556 --> 01:22:41,823
looking at dance.

2576
01:22:41,923 --> 01:22:43,925
So, there's a gift in that also.

2577
01:22:43,992 --> 01:22:45,927
But I think that, you

2578
01:22:43,992 --> 01:22:47,862
young dancers

2579
01:22:45,928 --> 01:22:47,862
know, we're relying on those

2580
01:22:47,963 --> 01:22:49,931
-to know the amount of work
- That goes in

2581
01:22:49,998 --> 01:22:51,866
- to be able to perform
- To that level.

2582
01:22:51,967 --> 01:22:53,168
And if it can be used

2583
01:22:51,967 --> 01:22:54,369
it's brilliant.

2584
01:22:53,169 --> 01:22:54,369
as an inspiration,

2585
01:22:54,469 --> 01:22:56,071
<i>If it's used to make you</i>

2586
01:22:56,072 --> 01:22:57,672
<i>lazy, then we're in trouble.</i>

2587
01:22:57,772 --> 01:22:59,708
- [Culbreath]<i> They do</i>
<i>- Step right off the bus,</i>

2588
01:22:59,808 --> 01:23:01,093
<i>they have an agent</i>

2589
01:23:01,094 --> 01:23:02,377
<i>and Twitter followers,</i>

2590
01:23:02,477 --> 01:23:04,546
- and a YouTube blog, and a thing,
- And a thing

2591
01:23:04,646 --> 01:23:06,932
and a thing, and all that

2592
01:23:04,646 --> 01:23:09,217
horseshit

2593
01:23:06,933 --> 01:23:09,217
stuff is just a bunch of

2594
01:23:09,317 --> 01:23:10,685
in the way to the work.

2595
01:23:10,785 --> 01:23:12,854
- Just do the work,
- But they need somebody

2596
01:23:12,954 --> 01:23:14,665
- to guide them in the proper way
- To do the work

2597
01:23:14,689 --> 01:23:17,292
-and ask more of them
- Than they think they can do.

2598
01:23:17,359 --> 01:23:20,195
-Then you go.
- This flight, this flight, stop.

2599
01:23:20,295 --> 01:23:21,797
Going to take it again.

2600
01:23:21,798 --> 01:23:23,298
Five, six, seven...

2601
01:23:23,365 --> 01:23:25,551
[Bergman]<i> Class, as a dancer,</i>

2602
01:23:23,365 --> 01:23:27,736
<i>face.</i>

2603
01:23:25,552 --> 01:23:27,736
<i>is a place to fall on your</i>

2604
01:23:27,836 --> 01:23:29,321
<i>What happened</i>

2605
01:23:29,322 --> 01:23:30,805
<i>started to change</i>

2606
01:23:30,872 --> 01:23:32,557
when all this convention

2607
01:23:32,558 --> 01:23:34,242
dancing started

2608
01:23:34,342 --> 01:23:36,094
and it all became

2609
01:23:36,095 --> 01:23:37,846
about competition.

2610
01:23:37,912 --> 01:23:39,748
And I think as a young person,

2611
01:23:39,749 --> 01:23:41,583
as a young dancer,

2612
01:23:41,683 --> 01:23:43,251
it's a place to fail.

2613
01:23:43,351 --> 01:23:45,120
It's a place to fall down

2614
01:23:45,121 --> 01:23:46,888
and get back up again,

2615
01:23:46,988 --> 01:23:48,990
-<i>and learn how</i>
- <i>To do something better.</i>

2616
01:23:49,057 --> 01:23:50,575
Don't be the...

2617
01:23:50,576 --> 01:23:52,093
don't focus so much.

2618
01:23:52,193 --> 01:23:53,995
--[Chita Rivera]<i> It's not easy.</i>
- -Dance!

2619
01:23:54,062 --> 01:23:55,230
<i>But anything</i>

2620
01:23:55,231 --> 01:23:56,398
<i>that's good</i>

2621
01:23:56,498 --> 01:23:57,699
is not easy.

2622
01:23:57,766 --> 01:23:58,984
If you wanna keep

2623
01:23:58,985 --> 01:24:00,201
it. You know.

2624
01:24:00,268 --> 01:24:02,170
-If you want it to be
- A part of you,

2625
01:24:02,237 --> 01:24:03,672
then it's got to be

2626
01:24:03,673 --> 01:24:05,106
drilled into you.

2627
01:24:05,206 --> 01:24:06,308
You have to keep up

2628
01:24:06,309 --> 01:24:07,409
with your training.

2629
01:24:07,509 --> 01:24:09,911
-I think no matter what,
- You can never stop learning.

2630
01:24:10,011 --> 01:24:11,563
Um, your body is your tool,

2631
01:24:10,011 --> 01:24:13,114
that tool

2632
01:24:11,564 --> 01:24:13,114
and you have to maintain

2633
01:24:13,214 --> 01:24:14,733
<i>and you have to</i>

2634
01:24:13,214 --> 01:24:16,251
<i>training.</i>

2635
01:24:14,734 --> 01:24:16,251
<i>continue to keep learning and</i>

2636
01:24:20,021 --> 01:24:21,323
<i>Most of us, you know,</i>

2637
01:24:21,324 --> 01:24:22,624
<i>we spent hours,</i>

2638
01:24:22,724 --> 01:24:23,842
<i>blood, sweat and tears,</i>

2639
01:24:23,843 --> 01:24:24,959
<i>in a dance class.</i>

2640
01:24:25,060 --> 01:24:26,461
Back, back, back, forward...

2641
01:24:26,561 --> 01:24:29,264
- Doing eight shows a week, folks,
- Ain't fun.

2642
01:24:29,364 --> 01:24:30,632
It's really tough.

2643
01:24:30,732 --> 01:24:32,367
<i>- To make that kind
- Of commitment,</i>

2644
01:24:32,434 --> 01:24:34,302
<i>- get one day off a week,
- And in the theater,</i>

2645
01:24:34,402 --> 01:24:36,137
<i>you get two weeks off a</i>

2646
01:24:34,402 --> 01:24:37,872
<i>holiday.</i>

2647
01:24:36,138 --> 01:24:37,872
<i>year and you work every</i>

2648
01:24:37,939 --> 01:24:39,808
Yes. Isabelle, yes!

2649
01:24:39,908 --> 01:24:41,560
The theater, the dance world,

2650
01:24:41,561 --> 01:24:43,211
it is difficult.

2651
01:24:43,278 --> 01:24:44,629
-Ready? Six.

2652
01:24:44,630 --> 01:24:45,980
<i>-And so, I think for you</i>

2653
01:24:46,081 --> 01:24:47,558
-<i>to survive,</i>
- <i>You have got to love it</i>

2654
01:24:47,582 --> 01:24:48,783
<i>more than anything</i>

2655
01:24:48,784 --> 01:24:49,984
<i>else in the world.</i>

2656
01:24:50,085 --> 01:24:51,953
- Keep them still,
- Keep them still.

2657
01:24:52,053 --> 01:24:53,822
Yes, yes, yes. Yes, yes, yes.

2658
01:24:53,922 --> 01:24:55,802
- [Andrew Wright]<i> I went</i>
<i>- To a college to teach</i>

2659
01:24:55,890 --> 01:24:58,326
<i>- and brought up some elements
- Of dance history,</i>

2660
01:24:58,426 --> 01:25:00,011
<i>and I was met</i>

2661
01:25:00,012 --> 01:25:01,596
<i>with absolute blank faces.</i>

2662
01:25:01,663 --> 01:25:02,997
I don't understand that.

2663
01:25:03,098 --> 01:25:04,466
If it's gonna be your job,

2664
01:25:04,467 --> 01:25:05,834
and your livelihood,

2665
01:25:05,934 --> 01:25:07,252
and your passion,

2666
01:25:05,934 --> 01:25:08,570
the history of it?

2667
01:25:07,253 --> 01:25:08,570
why don't you know

2668
01:25:08,636 --> 01:25:09,738
<i>And especially today,</i>

2669
01:25:09,739 --> 01:25:10,839
<i>with the Internet,</i>

2670
01:25:10,939 --> 01:25:12,624
<i>you can find anything out</i>

2671
01:25:12,625 --> 01:25:14,309
<i>within seconds.</i>

2672
01:25:16,111 --> 01:25:17,629
[Tom Ralabate]

2673
01:25:16,111 --> 01:25:19,147
<i>for studio teachers</i>

2674
01:25:17,630 --> 01:25:19,147
<i>I think it's important</i>

2675
01:25:19,247 --> 01:25:20,498
<i>to constantly</i>

2676
01:25:20,499 --> 01:25:21,749
<i>sprinkle</i>

2677
01:25:21,816 --> 01:25:23,518
-information to
- Their students.

2678
01:25:23,618 --> 01:25:25,654
You can teach

2679
01:25:23,618 --> 01:25:27,689
a vernacular movement.

2680
01:25:25,655 --> 01:25:27,689
a Shorty George, okay,

2681
01:25:27,789 --> 01:25:29,141
But you best,

2682
01:25:27,789 --> 01:25:30,492
that movement, Shorty George,

2683
01:25:29,142 --> 01:25:30,492
while you're teaching

2684
01:25:30,592 --> 01:25:32,761
<i>mention that George</i>

2685
01:25:30,592 --> 01:25:34,929
<i>this movement</i>

2686
01:25:32,762 --> 01:25:34,929
<i>Snowden was the originator of</i>

2687
01:25:34,996 --> 01:25:35,997
<i>and that it</i>

2688
01:25:35,998 --> 01:25:36,998
<i>happened at a place</i>

2689
01:25:37,098 --> 01:25:38,700
<i>- Lindy Hoppers
- Would gather together.</i>

2690
01:25:38,800 --> 01:25:41,002
<i>- All you're doing is
- Just sprinkling information</i>

2691
01:25:41,102 --> 01:25:42,770
<i>- while they're
- Learning it.</i>

2692
01:25:43,972 --> 01:25:45,257
Okay?

2693
01:25:45,258 --> 01:25:46,541
All right. Good enough?

2694
01:25:46,641 --> 01:25:48,786
- Four times, right side, -
Left side, right side, - left side.

2695
01:25:48,810 --> 01:25:49,911
We as dancers

2696
01:25:49,912 --> 01:25:51,012
have been mentored.

2697
01:25:51,112 --> 01:25:53,381
- We have a responsibility
- To do the same.

2698
01:25:53,481 --> 01:25:55,817
-We've all kind of vessels,
- Aren't we,

2699
01:25:55,884 --> 01:25:57,619
-and taking into
- The dance studio

2700
01:25:57,685 --> 01:25:59,554
-our knowledge
- And what we know,

2701
01:25:59,654 --> 01:26:01,389
and then you don't realize

2702
01:25:59,654 --> 01:26:03,124
the next generation.

2703
01:26:01,390 --> 01:26:03,124
you're impacting

2704
01:26:05,460 --> 01:26:06,845
[Boross]<i> There's a lack</i>

2705
01:26:06,846 --> 01:26:08,229
<i>of curiosity about jazz,</i>

2706
01:26:08,329 --> 01:26:10,031
<i>about what it is,</i>

2707
01:26:08,329 --> 01:26:11,733
<i>to our history is.</i>

2708
01:26:10,032 --> 01:26:11,733
<i>about what its relation</i>

2709
01:26:11,833 --> 01:26:14,402
- I mean, jazz is the history
- Of America,

2710
01:26:14,502 --> 01:26:16,070
pure and simple.

2711
01:26:16,171 --> 01:26:17,515
- [Smith]
- <i>It's the American voice</i>

2712
01:26:17,539 --> 01:26:19,057
<i>that has allowed</i>

2713
01:26:19,058 --> 01:26:20,575
<i>so many people</i>

2714
01:26:20,675 --> 01:26:21,876
<i>in oppressed situations</i>

2715
01:26:21,877 --> 01:26:23,077
<i>to speak.</i>

2716
01:26:23,178 --> 01:26:24,629
<i>And that's a beautiful thing.</i>

2717
01:26:23,178 --> 01:26:26,080
<i>man,</i>

2718
01:26:24,630 --> 01:26:26,080
<i>If dance can do that too,</i>

2719
01:26:26,181 --> 01:26:28,350
<i>that's an empowering tool</i>

2720
01:26:26,181 --> 01:26:30,518
<i>from our children,</i>

2721
01:26:28,351 --> 01:26:30,518
<i>that we should never take away</i>

2722
01:26:30,585 --> 01:26:31,903
never take out of schools,

2723
01:26:31,904 --> 01:26:33,221
as we have been doing.

2724
01:26:33,321 --> 01:26:35,156
We should implement it more

2725
01:26:35,157 --> 01:26:36,991
into our educational system.

2726
01:26:40,695 --> 01:26:42,731
[George]

2727
01:26:40,695 --> 01:26:44,766
<i>in the jazz dance field.</i>

2728
01:26:42,732 --> 01:26:44,766
<i>We're not having a dialog</i>

2729
01:26:44,866 --> 01:26:46,151
<i>Part of it is, is that</i>

2730
01:26:46,152 --> 01:26:47,435
<i>the concert people</i>

2731
01:26:47,535 --> 01:26:49,788
<i>are sort of conflicted</i>

2732
01:26:47,535 --> 01:26:52,040
<i>to the contemporary people.</i>

2733
01:26:49,789 --> 01:26:52,040
<i>about the relationship</i>

2734
01:26:52,106 --> 01:26:53,591
<i>And the contemporary people</i>

2735
01:26:52,106 --> 01:26:55,076
<i>have no relationship.</i>

2736
01:26:53,592 --> 01:26:55,076
<i>and the swing people</i>

2737
01:26:55,176 --> 01:26:57,312
<i>But what I do know is</i>

2738
01:26:57,313 --> 01:26:59,447
<i>the urban dance community</i>

2739
01:26:59,547 --> 01:27:01,282
<i>- and the tap community have
- Figured out</i>

2740
01:27:01,382 --> 01:27:03,284
<i>- how to always stay in dialog
- With each other</i>

2741
01:27:03,384 --> 01:27:04,953
<i>- regardless of
- The different schools.</i>

2742
01:27:05,053 --> 01:27:06,730
<i>- And the jazz community
- Does not know how to do that</i>

2743
01:27:06,754 --> 01:27:08,957
<i>- and it's tragic, and it's why
- We're in this place</i>

2744
01:27:09,057 --> 01:27:11,125
<i>- that we're at right now,
- Where we're trying to</i>

2745
01:27:11,226 --> 01:27:12,677
still, like,

2746
01:27:12,678 --> 01:27:14,128
claw and claim

2747
01:27:14,229 --> 01:27:16,297
because we don't communicate.

2748
01:27:31,713 --> 01:27:33,181
<i>

2749
01:27:33,182 --> 01:27:34,649
<i>must change

2750
01:27:34,749 --> 01:27:37,369
[Knight]<i> I think jazz</i>

2751
01:27:34,749 --> 01:27:39,988
<i>of flux at the moment.</i>

2752
01:27:37,370 --> 01:27:39,988
<i>is in a place</i>

2753
01:27:40,088 --> 01:27:41,432
<i>- There's a little bit
- Of confusion</i>

2754
01:27:41,456 --> 01:27:42,474
<i>about whether or not</i>

2755
01:27:42,475 --> 01:27:43,491
<i>it's necessary</i>

2756
01:27:43,591 --> 01:27:44,626
<i>or whether</i>

2757
01:27:44,627 --> 01:27:45,660
<i>it's relevant.</i>

2758
01:27:45,760 --> 01:27:47,829
<i>

2759
01:27:52,767 --> 01:27:54,502
<i>We are in transition.</i>

2760
01:27:54,602 --> 01:27:56,113
<i>- I don't know where
- This is gonna go,</i>

2761
01:27:56,137 --> 01:27:57,322
<i>but we have</i>

2762
01:27:57,323 --> 01:27:58,506
<i>arrived nowhere.</i>

2763
01:27:58,606 --> 01:28:01,976
<i>This is all shifting.</i>

2764
01:28:02,076 --> 01:28:05,213
<i>

2765
01:28:05,214 --> 01:28:08,349
<i>remains the same

2766
01:28:15,156 --> 01:28:16,408
<i>I would never profess</i>

2767
01:28:16,409 --> 01:28:17,659
<i>to tell you</i>

2768
01:28:17,759 --> 01:28:19,060
<i>how to dance</i>

2769
01:28:19,061 --> 01:28:20,361
<i>if that's what you wanna do</i>

2770
01:28:20,461 --> 01:28:22,263
<i>- and I would celebrate
- What you do.</i>

2771
01:28:22,330 --> 01:28:23,331
<i>It may not be</i>

2772
01:28:23,332 --> 01:28:24,332
<i>what I wanna do.</i>

2773
01:28:24,432 --> 01:28:26,468
<i>And I think that's where we</i>

2774
01:28:24,432 --> 01:28:28,503
<i>controversy,</i>

2775
01:28:26,469 --> 01:28:28,503
<i>get into a bit of</i>

2776
01:28:28,603 --> 01:28:29,804
<i>when people become</i>

2777
01:28:29,805 --> 01:28:31,005
<i>such purists</i>

2778
01:28:31,105 --> 01:28:33,057
<i>that they think they own</i>

2779
01:28:31,105 --> 01:28:35,009
<i>or a certain technique</i>

2780
01:28:33,058 --> 01:28:35,009
<i>a certain style</i>

2781
01:28:35,109 --> 01:28:37,045
<i>- and that it
- Can't evolve.</i>

2782
01:28:37,145 --> 01:28:39,097
<i>Well, the world is built,</i>

2783
01:28:37,145 --> 01:28:41,049
<i>on change.</i>

2784
01:28:39,098 --> 01:28:41,049
<i>the universe is built,</i>

2785
01:28:41,149 --> 01:28:42,934
<i>And if nothing changes, it is</i>

2786
01:28:42,935 --> 01:28:44,719
<i>stagnant, it is not alive.</i>

2787
01:28:44,819 --> 01:28:48,056
<i>

2788
01:28:48,057 --> 01:28:51,292
<i>remains unchanged

2789
01:28:55,163 --> 01:28:56,948
[DeFrantz]<i> I think the future</i>

2790
01:28:55,163 --> 01:28:58,733
<i>promising.</i>

2791
01:28:56,949 --> 01:28:58,733
<i>of jazz dance is very</i>

2792
01:28:58,833 --> 01:29:00,952
<i>I think we should continue to</i>

2793
01:28:58,833 --> 01:29:03,071
<i>roots,</i>

2794
01:29:00,953 --> 01:29:03,071
<i>work on reclaiming its</i>

2795
01:29:03,171 --> 01:29:04,623
<i>but still embracing</i>

2796
01:29:04,624 --> 01:29:06,074
<i>the hybrids</i>

2797
01:29:06,174 --> 01:29:07,959
<i>that are happening</i>

2798
01:29:07,960 --> 01:29:09,744
<i>right in front of us.</i>

2799
01:29:09,844 --> 01:29:11,112
<i>I think it's gonna create</i>

2800
01:29:11,113 --> 01:29:12,380
<i>a lot of debate,</i>

2801
01:29:12,480 --> 01:29:13,615
<i>but that's what</i>

2802
01:29:13,616 --> 01:29:14,749
<i>jazz dance is.</i>

2803
01:29:14,849 --> 01:29:18,152
<i>

2804
01:29:18,219 --> 01:29:19,654
<i>

2805
01:29:19,721 --> 01:29:22,157
<i>

2806
01:29:22,158 --> 01:29:24,592
<i>from the clouds

2807
01:29:24,692 --> 01:29:26,227
[Allen]<i> I think to go</i>

2808
01:29:24,692 --> 01:29:27,762
<i>back</i>

2809
01:29:26,228 --> 01:29:27,762
<i>forward, you have to look</i>

2810
01:29:27,862 --> 01:29:29,197
<i>and you have to know</i>

2811
01:29:29,263 --> 01:29:30,498
<i>the history</i>

2812
01:29:30,499 --> 01:29:31,733
<i>and references.</i>

2813
01:29:31,833 --> 01:29:35,203
<i>

2814
01:29:35,269 --> 01:29:36,721
<i>I think there's</i>

2815
01:29:35,269 --> 01:29:38,172
<i>and responsibility</i>

2816
01:29:36,722 --> 01:29:38,172
<i>a beautiful weight</i>

2817
01:29:38,239 --> 01:29:39,824
<i>to being a jazz dancer</i>

2818
01:29:39,825 --> 01:29:41,409
<i>because there are so few of us</i>

2819
01:29:41,509 --> 01:29:43,144
<i>and because the history</i>

2820
01:29:43,145 --> 01:29:44,779
<i>is complicated</i>

2821
01:29:44,879 --> 01:29:47,582
<i>and born of finding joy</i>

2822
01:29:47,583 --> 01:29:50,284
<i>in suffering.</i>

2823
01:29:50,385 --> 01:29:51,903
<i>And so, if you're going</i>

2824
01:29:51,904 --> 01:29:53,421
<i>to represent that history,</i>

2825
01:29:53,521 --> 01:29:54,572
<i>you have to know</i>

2826
01:29:54,573 --> 01:29:55,623
<i>where it came from.</i>

2827
01:30:22,417 --> 01:30:24,652
[jazz music playing]

2828
01:31:30,017 --> 01:31:32,120
I met... Okay.

2829
01:31:30,017 --> 01:31:34,222
at a party once.

2830
01:31:32,121 --> 01:31:34,222
I met John Travolta

2831
01:31:34,322 --> 01:31:35,766
- This is...
- I'm gonna tell you this.

2832
01:31:35,790 --> 01:31:36,925
And I brought

2833
01:31:36,926 --> 01:31:38,059
up the nerve,

2834
01:31:38,159 --> 01:31:40,127
- you know, got up the nerve
- To go over to him,

2835
01:31:40,194 --> 01:31:42,339
- I'm just like, "Don't be a nerd. - Don't be a nerd.
- No, don't be a nerd."

2836
01:31:42,363 --> 01:31:44,541
- And I said to him, "Hey, John,
- My name is Mandy Moore.

2837
01:31:44,565 --> 01:31:46,525
- I'm a choreographer.
- I just wanna let you know

2838
01:31:46,567 --> 01:31:48,052
that<i> Staying Alive</i> was

2839
01:31:46,567 --> 01:31:49,537
films ever."

2840
01:31:48,053 --> 01:31:49,537
honestly one of my favorite

2841
01:31:49,637 --> 01:31:51,889
And he goes, "Wait, the one

2842
01:31:51,890 --> 01:31:54,141
where I was a jazz dancer?"

2843
01:31:54,208 --> 01:31:56,811
And I was like, "Yeah.

2844
01:31:56,878 --> 01:31:58,312
It was my favorite film."

2845
01:31:58,379 --> 01:32:00,190
- And he's like... I think
- He was weirded out by it

2846
01:32:00,214 --> 01:32:01,566
because of course

2847
01:32:00,214 --> 01:32:02,917
so many other films

2848
01:32:01,567 --> 01:32:02,917
the man's done, like,

2849
01:32:03,017 --> 01:32:04,361
- that are, like,
- So much more, you know,

2850
01:32:04,385 --> 01:32:05,829
- probably more
- Successful or whatever,

2851
01:32:05,853 --> 01:32:07,331
- but I just thought
- It's so funny the way he,

2852
01:32:07,355 --> 01:32:09,257
- like, he had this disdain
- For, like,

2853
01:32:09,357 --> 01:32:11,168
- "Wait, the one where
- I was the jazz dancer?"

2854
01:32:11,192 --> 01:32:13,504
- I was thinking, "Yes, the one
- Where you're the jazz dancer.

2855
01:32:13,528 --> 01:32:15,563
That's why I'm a jazz dancer."

2856
01:32:15,663 --> 01:32:18,499
I have no idea how old I am.

2857
01:32:18,566 --> 01:32:20,668
It's the truth.

2858
01:32:21,702 --> 01:32:23,204
What?!

2859
01:32:29,010 --> 01:32:30,261
I mean, should we go

2860
01:32:30,262 --> 01:32:31,512
to the next question?

2861
01:32:31,579 --> 01:32:32,830
Is that it?

2862
01:32:32,831 --> 01:32:34,081
I mean, can you edit that?

2863
01:32:34,181 --> 01:32:35,550
Like, one of the best things

2864
01:32:35,551 --> 01:32:36,918
ever and he's, like,

2865
01:32:37,018 --> 01:32:38,386
"Jump!"

2866
01:32:38,387 --> 01:32:39,754
And she's, like, "I can't!"

2867
01:32:39,854 --> 01:32:41,789
- And then she, like,
- Leaps in her red tights

2868
01:32:41,889 --> 01:32:44,358
- with the red leotard.
- I mean, it was over for me.

2869
01:32:44,425 --> 01:32:45,560
Like that... from that

2870
01:32:45,561 --> 01:32:46,694
point forward, jazz.

2871
01:32:46,761 --> 01:32:47,779
That's it.

2872
01:32:47,780 --> 01:32:48,796
That's all I'm doing.

2873
01:32:48,896 --> 01:32:51,098
[laughter]

2874
01:32:52,600 --> 01:32:54,268
- -That's okay.
- -Ahem.

2875
01:32:54,368 --> 01:32:57,071
- -Try it now?
- -Oh, yeah, I'm just stretching.

2876
01:32:59,040 --> 01:33:01,609
- You might not wanna put that
- In the movie.

2877
01:33:01,709 --> 01:33:03,377
[laughter]