1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,000 © anoXmous @ http://thepiratebay.sx/user/Zen_Bud 2 00:00:04,001 --> 00:00:08,001 © anoXmous @ http://thepiratebay.sx/user/Zen_Bud 3 00:00:08,002 --> 00:00:12,002 © anoXmous @ http://thepiratebay.sx/user/Zen_Bud 1 00:00:12,220 --> 00:00:15,472 (narrator) August 25, 1944. 2 00:00:16,141 --> 00:00:19,143 Paris was liberated. 3 00:00:32,073 --> 00:00:36,035 That same day, to the east, Romania changed sides, 4 00:00:36,119 --> 00:00:40,164 and with her defection went Hitler's only natural oil supply. 5 00:00:40,248 --> 00:00:42,499 Bulgaria had already quit the Axis, 6 00:00:42,584 --> 00:00:48,714 and Finland, too, began negotiating with the Russians for an armistice. 7 00:00:50,800 --> 00:00:56,430 General de Gaulle, the Free French leader, enters his capital, 8 00:00:56,514 --> 00:01:02,227 a capital four years before he had left a comparatively unknown soldier. 9 00:01:02,312 --> 00:01:06,648 Now he was being greeted as the very soul of France. 10 00:01:11,738 --> 00:01:16,075 For Parisians, the dark years of German occupation were over. 11 00:01:16,159 --> 00:01:21,038 Could it be long before the rest of Europe was freed too? 12 00:02:31,401 --> 00:02:34,069 August 15, 1944. 13 00:02:34,154 --> 00:02:38,699 Operation Anvil, the Allied invasion of southern France. 14 00:02:48,209 --> 00:02:52,129 With the break-out from the Normandy beachhead under way to the north, 15 00:02:52,213 --> 00:02:54,631 Anvil was meant to begin the pincer movement 16 00:02:54,716 --> 00:02:56,800 on Hitler's Germany from all sides - 17 00:02:56,885 --> 00:03:02,097 the pincer movement that was to squeeze the Third Reich dry. 18 00:03:04,976 --> 00:03:08,937 We leapt out near St Tropez and l thought, "They'll open up any minute," 19 00:03:09,022 --> 00:03:10,981 and suddenly out of the mists 20 00:03:11,065 --> 00:03:14,026 on our particular beach there came a Frenchman. 21 00:03:14,110 --> 00:03:17,070 He carried a tray of champagne glasses. 22 00:03:17,155 --> 00:03:18,822 And we all stopped. 23 00:03:18,907 --> 00:03:21,408 Clearly, this was utterly unexpected, 24 00:03:21,492 --> 00:03:25,204 and he smiled and said, "Soyez les bienvenus, Monsieur." 25 00:03:25,288 --> 00:03:30,125 "Welcome. But if l may venture a little criticism, you are somewhat late." 26 00:03:30,210 --> 00:03:33,837 From there on it was known to the troops as the "Champagne Campaign". 27 00:03:38,092 --> 00:03:42,221 (narrator) Everywhere, during those mad, joyful weeks of August 1944, 28 00:03:42,305 --> 00:03:44,264 the Germans were being driven back 29 00:03:44,349 --> 00:03:47,100 towards the borders of their own country. 30 00:03:51,689 --> 00:03:54,066 (gunfire) 31 00:03:54,192 --> 00:03:57,611 Those Frenchmen who had collaborated with the hated Boche 32 00:03:57,695 --> 00:04:00,030 became ever more desperate. 33 00:04:12,252 --> 00:04:16,046 Those Frenchwomen who had consorted with their conquerors 34 00:04:16,130 --> 00:04:19,383 were now singled out for special treatment. 35 00:04:46,869 --> 00:04:51,331 Thousands upon thousands of sullen, bewildered Germans were taken prisoner, 36 00:04:51,416 --> 00:04:54,710 sometimes whole divisions at a time. 37 00:04:55,586 --> 00:04:58,755 (newsreel) 20,000 German troops are surrendered 38 00:04:58,840 --> 00:05:01,758 by their commander, Major General Erich Elster. 39 00:05:01,843 --> 00:05:07,139 General Elster hands over his pistol as a token of surrender. 40 00:05:08,308 --> 00:05:10,851 General Elster commanded the Biarritz area 41 00:05:10,935 --> 00:05:13,186 from the Pyrenees to the Bay of Biscay. 42 00:05:26,993 --> 00:05:30,746 (narrator) To many in the Allied camp, the war seemed as good as over. 43 00:05:30,872 --> 00:05:34,499 lndeed, there was talk of being back home for Christmas. 44 00:05:34,584 --> 00:05:37,085 But the top brass didn't always see eye to eye 45 00:05:37,170 --> 00:05:39,713 on just how the final victory was to be won. 46 00:05:39,797 --> 00:05:42,299 (man) Montgomery argued 47 00:05:42,383 --> 00:05:47,012 that the Germans had had a very heavy defeat in Normandy. 48 00:05:47,138 --> 00:05:51,391 They'd lost approximately 500,000 troops. 49 00:05:51,476 --> 00:05:56,605 43 divisions had been smashed, and 2,000 tanks. 50 00:05:56,689 --> 00:05:59,816 This was the moment to really hit them. 51 00:05:59,901 --> 00:06:05,447 And what he advocated was a strong drive up the coastal plain, 52 00:06:05,531 --> 00:06:11,661 with the right on the Ardennes and the left probably almost on the coastline. 53 00:06:11,746 --> 00:06:16,166 Day and night, never letting up, never giving them time to recover. 54 00:06:16,250 --> 00:06:19,211 And, of course, he would be in command of this. 55 00:06:19,295 --> 00:06:22,589 And we'd go right through, bounce the crossing of the Rhine, 56 00:06:22,673 --> 00:06:25,008 come round behind the Ruhr, cut them oft, 57 00:06:25,093 --> 00:06:27,844 and the war would be over in 1944. 58 00:06:27,929 --> 00:06:32,099 Eisenhower said, "No. l don't like this. lt's a pincerlike thrust." 59 00:06:32,183 --> 00:06:34,393 "You're not touching a lot of the troops 60 00:06:34,477 --> 00:06:36,144 which are in France." 61 00:06:36,229 --> 00:06:38,814 "l propose to advance on a broad front, 62 00:06:38,898 --> 00:06:40,649 right up to the Rhine, 63 00:06:40,733 --> 00:06:43,443 and then do a crossing of the Rhine 64 00:06:43,528 --> 00:06:45,654 and finish the war there." 65 00:06:45,738 --> 00:06:48,407 But... That was perhaps safer, 66 00:06:48,491 --> 00:06:49,991 but it meant that the war 67 00:06:50,076 --> 00:06:52,119 couldn't be finished in 1944. 68 00:06:52,787 --> 00:06:55,789 l think the British were very slow 69 00:06:55,873 --> 00:06:57,916 to realise that the main eftort 70 00:06:58,000 --> 00:07:00,127 for war in Europe 71 00:07:00,211 --> 00:07:02,295 lay with the Americans. 72 00:07:02,380 --> 00:07:06,091 l think the British press was probably slow, as well. 73 00:07:06,175 --> 00:07:09,428 l think people forgot 74 00:07:09,512 --> 00:07:16,560 that the great weight of divisions and supplies and so on were American. 75 00:07:17,186 --> 00:07:19,980 After we broke out from the bridgehead, 76 00:07:20,064 --> 00:07:23,400 supply for a very long time had to come over the beaches 77 00:07:23,484 --> 00:07:25,735 or be carried by air. 78 00:07:25,862 --> 00:07:29,448 Army groups found often that they couldn't do what they wanted to 79 00:07:29,532 --> 00:07:33,285 for lack of supplies, particularly petrol. 80 00:07:47,133 --> 00:07:51,636 (narrator) Each tank used a gallon of petrol a mile. 81 00:07:52,555 --> 00:07:54,306 The trucks carrying the stuft 82 00:07:54,432 --> 00:07:57,392 stretched back 250 miles to the Normandy beaches. 83 00:07:59,312 --> 00:08:01,938 Such had been the speed of the Allied break-out 84 00:08:02,023 --> 00:08:05,066 that pockets of German troops had been left behind, 85 00:08:05,151 --> 00:08:10,280 and so the road convoys had often to run a gauntlet of enemy sniping on the way. 86 00:08:14,327 --> 00:08:16,786 The lorry drivers had nicknamed the area 87 00:08:16,871 --> 00:08:20,957 between Paris and the front line "lnjun country". 88 00:08:34,138 --> 00:08:37,224 The hardest fighting of all was along the coast. 89 00:08:37,308 --> 00:08:39,643 Every port had been garrisoned by Hitler 90 00:08:39,727 --> 00:08:42,979 with orders to fight to the proverbial last round. 91 00:08:43,064 --> 00:08:50,487 Le Havre, Dieppe, Boulogne, Calais, Dunkirk, had all to be assaulted in turn 92 00:08:50,571 --> 00:08:52,739 by separate set-piece battle. 93 00:08:55,993 --> 00:08:58,995 Hitler knew supply would be the Allies' main headache, 94 00:08:59,080 --> 00:09:03,250 hence his determination to hang on to the Channel ports as long as possible 95 00:09:03,334 --> 00:09:07,629 and, when finally yielded, to see they were destroyed utterly. 96 00:09:16,514 --> 00:09:18,974 One third of Montgomery's forces 97 00:09:19,058 --> 00:09:22,269 were engaged in clearing Germans from the Channel ports 98 00:09:22,353 --> 00:09:24,980 while the rest pushed on into Belgium. 99 00:09:31,362 --> 00:09:35,198 (Horrocks) My really big moment was when we crossed the frontier, 100 00:09:35,283 --> 00:09:39,786 because, you see, l had commanded the rearguard 101 00:09:39,870 --> 00:09:41,955 during the withdrawal to Dunkirk. 102 00:09:42,039 --> 00:09:44,624 l was then a battalion commander. 103 00:09:44,709 --> 00:09:48,962 And l'd been doing flank guard and rear guard to the 3rd Division, 104 00:09:49,046 --> 00:09:53,633 commanded by a certain Field Marshal Montgomery, who was then a general. 105 00:09:53,718 --> 00:09:56,219 And l was very ashamed of myself. 106 00:09:56,304 --> 00:09:59,848 We'd advanced to the cheers of the Belgian people, 107 00:09:59,932 --> 00:10:05,395 and now a few days later, back we were going through these ashen-faced crowds, 108 00:10:05,479 --> 00:10:06,980 terribly despondent - 109 00:10:07,064 --> 00:10:10,567 they knew they were going to be occupied again by the Germans. 110 00:10:10,651 --> 00:10:15,280 And l kept on saying, "Don't worry. We'll come back." 111 00:10:15,364 --> 00:10:19,451 And as we crossed the frontier, we had come back. 112 00:10:19,535 --> 00:10:25,123 And a young man - l suppose he saw the red round my hat, you know - 113 00:10:25,207 --> 00:10:28,752 and he ran across to my tank. 114 00:10:28,836 --> 00:10:33,798 There were tears pouring down his face. And he held out his hand like this, 115 00:10:33,883 --> 00:10:37,302 and he said, "l knew you'd come back! l knew you'd come back!" 116 00:10:37,386 --> 00:10:38,928 (cheering) 117 00:10:50,775 --> 00:10:55,111 A friend of mine in Brussels told me that he heard the sound of tanks, 118 00:10:55,196 --> 00:10:57,447 but they were quite used to that. 119 00:10:57,531 --> 00:11:00,241 He looked out of the window, and he said to himself: 120 00:11:00,326 --> 00:11:03,244 "Those are difterent. They don't seem to be German." 121 00:11:03,329 --> 00:11:07,499 Then he opened the window and leant out, and somebody waved. 122 00:11:07,583 --> 00:11:12,337 He said, "They're British!" And he tore down into the street, 123 00:11:12,421 --> 00:11:15,632 and so did everybody else in Brussels. 124 00:11:15,716 --> 00:11:20,512 There has never been such a scene as when we liberated Brussels, never. 125 00:11:20,596 --> 00:11:23,890 And some of the really tough old 30 Corps veterans 126 00:11:23,974 --> 00:11:28,269 still blush to think of the things that happened. 127 00:11:49,250 --> 00:11:53,211 So far, so good. Now we come to the mistakes. 128 00:11:53,295 --> 00:11:58,800 We were ordered to halt. The reason was that we were outrunning our supply. 129 00:11:58,884 --> 00:12:01,302 Now, this was wrong, 130 00:12:01,387 --> 00:12:06,891 because we had 100 kilometres' worth of petrol with our vehicles, 131 00:12:06,976 --> 00:12:11,479 and another 100 kilometres' within about 24 hours' reach, 132 00:12:11,564 --> 00:12:14,649 and they should, in my opinion, have taken a chance. 133 00:12:14,734 --> 00:12:17,610 Because that day that we were halted, 134 00:12:17,695 --> 00:12:21,614 the only thing between us and the Rhine 135 00:12:21,699 --> 00:12:25,869 was one division of very old gentlemen. 136 00:12:25,953 --> 00:12:29,831 We called them "stomach divisions", because they were sort of my age, 137 00:12:29,915 --> 00:12:32,417 and all had things wrong with their tummies. 138 00:12:32,501 --> 00:12:34,878 They'd been guarding the coast of Holland, 139 00:12:34,962 --> 00:12:36,755 never seen a shot fired in anger, 140 00:12:36,839 --> 00:12:40,633 and they'd have been delighted to move peacefully into our POW camps 141 00:12:40,718 --> 00:12:44,971 without having to indulge in this horrid war - that was the sort of mentality. 142 00:12:45,055 --> 00:12:48,224 Plus one Dutch SS battalion - nothing. 143 00:12:48,309 --> 00:12:52,854 We could have brushed straight through them, bounced the crossing to the Rhine, 144 00:12:52,938 --> 00:12:57,525 cut all the Germans in Holland oft from the Ruhr, 145 00:12:57,610 --> 00:12:59,611 and then got round behind the Ruhr. 146 00:12:59,695 --> 00:13:03,198 Unquestionably, it was, to my mind, a very bad mistake. 147 00:13:03,282 --> 00:13:05,074 We should have taken the risk. 148 00:13:05,159 --> 00:13:09,454 When we were allowed to advance, which was September 7, 149 00:13:09,538 --> 00:13:12,791 we made ten miles in four days. 150 00:13:14,001 --> 00:13:19,005 We had previously done 250 miles in seven days. 151 00:13:19,089 --> 00:13:23,885 We were no longer pursuing. We were now fighting again. 152 00:13:29,767 --> 00:13:33,645 Then, on September 1 1 , 153 00:13:33,729 --> 00:13:36,064 l got my orders for Arnhem. 154 00:13:36,649 --> 00:13:39,567 (narrator) The three main waterways of the Rhine delta 155 00:13:39,652 --> 00:13:42,570 lay between the Allied spearheads and Germany proper: 156 00:13:42,655 --> 00:13:46,491 the Maas, the Waal and the Neder Rijn. 157 00:13:47,576 --> 00:13:52,163 Montgomery's plan was to lay an airborne carpet across these waterways, 158 00:13:52,248 --> 00:13:53,498 capture the bridges, 159 00:13:53,582 --> 00:13:57,210 and rush a mobile force round the left flank of the Siegfried line 160 00:13:57,294 --> 00:14:03,299 to cut oft the Ruhr, and so end German resistance before Christmas 1944. 161 00:14:54,476 --> 00:14:56,269 l've got it. 162 00:15:26,342 --> 00:15:30,261 (Strong) Many people will tell you that the plan was wrong - 163 00:15:30,346 --> 00:15:33,056 there were too many objectives, 164 00:15:33,140 --> 00:15:37,226 or the parachutists were not landed in proper places and so on. 165 00:15:37,311 --> 00:15:41,022 And the weather, of course, was not good, and did interrupt it. 166 00:15:41,106 --> 00:15:44,359 But l think that if more attention had been paid 167 00:15:44,443 --> 00:15:47,028 to what you might call the enemy's dispositions, 168 00:15:47,112 --> 00:15:50,406 then l think the plan would have been alright. 169 00:16:11,845 --> 00:16:14,806 (De Guingand) Airborne troops who landed at Arnhem 170 00:16:14,890 --> 00:16:19,143 suddenly found themselves up against some German armoured units 171 00:16:19,228 --> 00:16:24,524 that were refitting there, and just happened to be there at the time. 172 00:16:24,608 --> 00:16:26,818 (gunfire) 173 00:16:37,788 --> 00:16:43,459 (Strong) Among the first ofticers who were landed among the parachutists, 174 00:16:43,544 --> 00:16:47,672 the Germans found a complete copy of our plan. 175 00:16:48,382 --> 00:16:52,635 And this was whisked oft to the German commander on the spot, 176 00:16:52,720 --> 00:16:55,722 and, of course, from then on he had all the information 177 00:16:55,806 --> 00:16:58,516 of what we were trying to do. 178 00:17:23,167 --> 00:17:25,835 (De Guingand) lt's anyone's guess whether, 179 00:17:25,919 --> 00:17:28,046 having got that Rhine bridgehead, 180 00:17:28,130 --> 00:17:31,090 at that time of year, with the bad weather setting in, 181 00:17:31,175 --> 00:17:33,593 whether we'd have been able to maintain that 182 00:17:33,719 --> 00:17:36,304 for several months during the winter. 183 00:17:36,388 --> 00:17:40,558 Because one knew from experience how magnificent the Germans were 184 00:17:40,642 --> 00:17:43,895 at retrieving critical situations. 185 00:17:46,982 --> 00:17:50,526 The battle went on for three or four days, 186 00:17:50,611 --> 00:17:53,946 and we couldn't really make any progress. 187 00:17:54,865 --> 00:17:59,786 Eventually Montgomery decided that he couldn't go on, 188 00:17:59,870 --> 00:18:04,415 and that the operation was to be called oft, 189 00:18:04,500 --> 00:18:08,753 and get as many people back across the Rhine as possible, which he did. 190 00:18:08,837 --> 00:18:12,131 We lost quite a lot. But l think one's got to be quite honest, 191 00:18:12,216 --> 00:18:16,094 and say that it failed in its object. 192 00:18:16,178 --> 00:18:18,888 lt achieved partial success, 193 00:18:18,972 --> 00:18:21,265 and l always hate using that expression 194 00:18:21,350 --> 00:18:22,892 of "glorious failures". 195 00:18:22,976 --> 00:18:25,269 l wouldn't call it that, but... 196 00:18:25,354 --> 00:18:27,939 it was a failure, up to a point. 197 00:18:28,524 --> 00:18:30,316 (narrator) The failure at Arnhem 198 00:18:30,400 --> 00:18:36,239 meant the war would now definitely not be over by Christmas 1944. 199 00:18:37,282 --> 00:18:40,535 lt meant, too, that the initiative, for the moment, 200 00:18:40,619 --> 00:18:44,413 had been lost by the Western Allies. 201 00:18:44,498 --> 00:18:48,793 But on the Eastern Front, it was a vastly difterent story. 202 00:18:48,919 --> 00:18:51,504 There, the Red Army was advancing everywhere. 203 00:18:51,588 --> 00:18:55,216 ln the centre, 100,000 Germans had been surrounded at Minsk. 204 00:18:55,300 --> 00:18:58,594 ln the north, Finland had been knocked out of the war, 205 00:18:58,679 --> 00:19:03,558 Estonia recaptured, Latvia and Lithuania cleared of German troops, 206 00:19:03,642 --> 00:19:07,436 and the borders of East Prussia reached. 207 00:19:07,521 --> 00:19:10,982 ln the south, the Ukraine had been freed. 208 00:19:11,066 --> 00:19:13,192 Romania had capitulated, 209 00:19:13,277 --> 00:19:15,486 Bulgaria had been overrun, 210 00:19:15,571 --> 00:19:17,530 Greece cut oft, 211 00:19:17,614 --> 00:19:22,076 and a link-up eftected with Tito's partisans in Yugoslavia. 212 00:19:22,161 --> 00:19:25,079 lt was a story of gigantic triumph, 213 00:19:25,164 --> 00:19:27,039 of overwhelming success 214 00:19:27,124 --> 00:19:29,125 everywhere in the east, 215 00:19:29,209 --> 00:19:31,460 save in one near-forgotten city, 216 00:19:31,545 --> 00:19:35,006 where the war had first begun five years before: 217 00:19:35,090 --> 00:19:37,466 Poland's capital, Warsaw. 218 00:19:39,386 --> 00:19:43,848 By July 1944, the Red Army occupied the eastern half of Poland, 219 00:19:43,974 --> 00:19:50,229 that half allocated to them in the Hitler-Stalin pact of August 1939. 220 00:19:50,314 --> 00:19:54,066 The exiled Polish government in London was anxious to assert itself 221 00:19:54,151 --> 00:19:56,444 before the Russians overran the country. 222 00:19:56,528 --> 00:19:58,070 Otherwise, in their eyes, 223 00:19:58,197 --> 00:20:03,576 it would merely be an exchange of occupiers rather than true liberation. 224 00:20:03,660 --> 00:20:06,329 As the Red Army approached Warsaw, 225 00:20:06,413 --> 00:20:09,457 the German garrison seemed ready to leave. 226 00:20:23,513 --> 00:20:28,142 On July 29, a Russian broadcast talked of Warsaw's impending liberation, 227 00:20:28,227 --> 00:20:33,814 and urged the workers of the Resistance to rise against the retreating Germans. 228 00:20:33,899 --> 00:20:38,361 On August 1 , the Polish underground army inside Warsaw did rise, 229 00:20:38,445 --> 00:20:41,906 though they did not all support the London government. 230 00:20:41,990 --> 00:20:43,783 However, the aim of those who did 231 00:20:43,867 --> 00:20:47,245 was to fly in the government-in-exile once they had control 232 00:20:47,329 --> 00:20:52,750 and set up a legitimate regime before the Russians arrived. 233 00:20:52,834 --> 00:20:57,546 But the uprising coincided with the Russian oftensive running out of steam, 234 00:20:57,631 --> 00:21:00,841 a coincidence that nevertheless suited Stalin's book. 235 00:21:00,926 --> 00:21:05,179 (man) Stalin was very suspicious of the underground, 236 00:21:05,264 --> 00:21:09,100 but it was utterly cruel that he wouldn't even try to get supplies in. 237 00:21:09,184 --> 00:21:13,896 He refused to let our aeroplanes fly and try to drop supplies for several weeks. 238 00:21:13,981 --> 00:21:15,856 And that was a shock to all of us. 239 00:21:15,941 --> 00:21:18,943 l think it played a role in all of our minds 240 00:21:19,027 --> 00:21:21,862 as to the heartlessness of the Russians. 241 00:21:25,367 --> 00:21:28,828 (man) We had a very strong underground organisation, 242 00:21:28,912 --> 00:21:34,625 with a civilian government and all the military commands, 243 00:21:34,710 --> 00:21:40,673 and that was organised during the four years of the German occupation, 244 00:21:40,757 --> 00:21:43,801 and it just surfaced and took its functions. 245 00:21:44,803 --> 00:21:47,972 The postal serVice, which was run by Scouts, 246 00:21:48,098 --> 00:21:52,810 was the only means of communications between the various districts of Warsaw, 247 00:21:52,894 --> 00:21:55,771 which were completely cut oft by enemy fire. 248 00:21:55,856 --> 00:21:59,108 The Scouts, to get from one district to another, 249 00:21:59,192 --> 00:22:05,573 had sometimes to go through sewers, or under the enemy fire. 250 00:22:05,657 --> 00:22:08,284 (gunfire) 251 00:22:10,746 --> 00:22:12,788 At the very beginning of the uprising 252 00:22:12,873 --> 00:22:15,833 we had ammunition for only, l think, ten or 12 days. 253 00:22:15,917 --> 00:22:21,630 And then we had to rely on the ammunition taken from the Germans, 254 00:22:21,757 --> 00:22:27,720 or there were factories of ammunition and arms in Warsaw going on, 255 00:22:27,846 --> 00:22:30,931 and they were producing their own ammunition. 256 00:22:45,655 --> 00:22:49,700 (woman) There is something in the Polish character which is optimistic, 257 00:22:49,785 --> 00:22:51,452 and we do not give up so easily. 258 00:22:51,536 --> 00:22:53,412 l would have given half of my life 259 00:22:53,497 --> 00:22:57,083 for the privilege of participating in the Warsaw insurrection. 260 00:22:57,167 --> 00:22:59,794 There was a tremendous intensification 261 00:22:59,878 --> 00:23:05,174 of moral life, intellectual life, emotional life, 262 00:23:05,258 --> 00:23:09,428 the best sides of people coming to the foreground. 263 00:23:09,513 --> 00:23:11,680 (stirring march) 264 00:23:23,568 --> 00:23:28,823 We had lots of recitals through all the Warsaw insurrection. 265 00:23:36,164 --> 00:23:43,003 (man) There were people who took single-handed actions against the tanks, 266 00:23:43,088 --> 00:23:48,551 people who threw themselves at enemy machine guns, things like that. 267 00:23:48,635 --> 00:23:51,387 There was plenty of individual heroism. 268 00:23:51,471 --> 00:23:54,223 (narrator) The London Poles almost pulled it oft. 269 00:23:54,349 --> 00:23:57,768 By the end of the first week, they controlled most of the city, 270 00:23:57,853 --> 00:24:02,398 and the RAF was set to fly in the Polish government-in-exile. 271 00:24:02,524 --> 00:24:06,861 But then Hitler, realising Stalin was going to do nothing, 272 00:24:06,945 --> 00:24:09,321 ordered the SS to crush the uprising, 273 00:24:09,406 --> 00:24:13,242 which they proceeded to do with great relish and ruthlessness. 274 00:24:33,889 --> 00:24:37,725 (woman) The bombing was very bad - without interruption, practically. 275 00:24:37,809 --> 00:24:40,978 Not only bombing, we had artillery also. 276 00:24:41,062 --> 00:24:43,606 We would cover our dead with newspapers. 277 00:24:43,690 --> 00:24:48,277 This was the first thing always, you see, before the funeral, 278 00:24:48,403 --> 00:24:51,197 in order not to spoil the morale. 279 00:24:56,286 --> 00:24:59,914 (man) During the last days of the uprising, 280 00:24:59,998 --> 00:25:03,125 only one district was left unoccupied by the Germans. 281 00:25:03,210 --> 00:25:06,295 There were three to four, perhaps 5,000 people. 282 00:25:06,379 --> 00:25:10,299 There were sometimes 30 or 40 people sleeping in one room. 283 00:25:10,383 --> 00:25:15,679 Now, the Germans were bombarding us with their dive bombers. 284 00:25:27,359 --> 00:25:30,236 (woman) We had less and less food, you know. 285 00:25:30,320 --> 00:25:32,738 We had some starches, we didn't have bread, 286 00:25:32,822 --> 00:25:34,990 we had spaghetti, things of that sort. 287 00:25:35,075 --> 00:25:41,455 And at the end, you know, we would kill horses, and eat horse meat. 288 00:25:41,540 --> 00:25:44,625 And dogs were eaten also. 289 00:25:49,422 --> 00:25:53,592 (narrator) The London Poles became more frantic in their hopelessness, 290 00:25:53,677 --> 00:25:56,303 and blamed the British for their plight. 291 00:25:56,388 --> 00:25:59,974 But the RAF couldn't fly in much supplies 292 00:26:00,058 --> 00:26:04,812 as long as Stalin refused to let them refuel in Soviet-held territory. 293 00:26:04,896 --> 00:26:09,108 By the time he'd been persuaded to relent, so little was left of Warsaw 294 00:26:09,192 --> 00:26:14,321 that the supplies dropped fell more often than not into German hands. 295 00:26:14,406 --> 00:26:20,202 (man) We were terribly disappointed. The whole world forgot about us. 296 00:26:20,287 --> 00:26:24,790 (woman) l feel that Poland was betrayed by Allies, you see? 297 00:26:24,874 --> 00:26:28,502 (man) lt was the end. We felt there was absolutely no hope for us, 298 00:26:28,587 --> 00:26:31,338 that we wouldn't get any help from the Russians. 299 00:26:31,423 --> 00:26:35,384 The Germans were set on absolutely annihilating us, 300 00:26:35,468 --> 00:26:40,472 and therefore l didn't bother to duck 301 00:26:40,557 --> 00:26:44,810 when l was going under the fire, anything like that. 302 00:26:44,894 --> 00:26:51,066 l just had the feeling that l should die sooner or later - sooner, better. 303 00:26:54,237 --> 00:26:57,364 (narrator) The Germans brought their biggest siege gun, 304 00:26:57,449 --> 00:27:00,326 the dreaded giant mortar nicknamed "Thor", 305 00:27:00,410 --> 00:27:04,580 each of whose shells weighed more than two tons. 306 00:27:06,708 --> 00:27:12,129 lt was a hopeless battle now that had been going on for ten long weeks, 307 00:27:12,213 --> 00:27:16,759 and had already cost the lives of more than 200,000 Poles. 308 00:27:16,843 --> 00:27:19,595 The time had come to call a halt. 309 00:27:37,614 --> 00:27:42,242 Surprisingly, the Germans allowed the Poles to surrender honourably, 310 00:27:42,369 --> 00:27:45,663 and treated them not as partisans fit for execution, 311 00:27:45,747 --> 00:27:48,874 but as enlisted combatants, due the rights of POWs 312 00:27:48,958 --> 00:27:51,293 under the Geneva Convention. 313 00:27:51,378 --> 00:27:53,587 Clearly, some of the German generals 314 00:27:53,672 --> 00:27:59,009 already had their eyes on possible war-crimes trials after the war. 315 00:28:21,700 --> 00:28:25,285 Once the remaining citizens had been driven from the city, 316 00:28:25,370 --> 00:28:28,914 Warsaw was systematically razed to the ground. 317 00:28:56,234 --> 00:29:00,112 Hitler was determined it should never rise again. 318 00:29:17,130 --> 00:29:21,508 Thus ended one of the war's most tragic episodes. 319 00:29:44,324 --> 00:29:46,825 Despite the bombing and the privations, 320 00:29:46,910 --> 00:29:51,914 the morale of the German people that autumn of 1944 was surprisingly high. 321 00:29:51,998 --> 00:29:55,667 They responded well to every propaganda call Hitler made. 322 00:29:55,794 --> 00:30:00,881 This one was for collecting winter clothing for the Eastern Front. 323 00:30:06,888 --> 00:30:10,766 Hitler reduced the call-up age that autumn to 16½, 324 00:30:10,850 --> 00:30:15,729 and raked in those who so far had escaped it on grounds of essential work. 325 00:30:15,814 --> 00:30:19,233 Some 700,000 new recruits were raised, 326 00:30:19,317 --> 00:30:22,361 partly for the Volkssturm, a sort of Home Guard, 327 00:30:22,445 --> 00:30:27,324 and partly to replace his terrible losses in both east and west. 328 00:30:27,408 --> 00:30:32,371 But he also had in mind a more daring use for his new recruits. 329 00:30:33,414 --> 00:30:38,001 Since his defeat in Normandy, Hitler had been planning a major counterattack, 330 00:30:38,086 --> 00:30:41,672 hoping not just to halt the Allies before they reached the Rhine, 331 00:30:41,756 --> 00:30:45,717 but to turn them back so decisively that they would want to sue for peace - 332 00:30:45,802 --> 00:30:49,596 a peace that would give him a breathing space to stem the Russian advance 333 00:30:49,681 --> 00:30:52,599 before it got too close to Berlin. 334 00:30:54,644 --> 00:30:56,728 Such was his fantasy. 335 00:30:58,064 --> 00:31:01,775 To that end, too, he'd been conserVing his panzers, 336 00:31:01,901 --> 00:31:04,987 re-equipping them after their mauling in Normandy. 337 00:31:05,071 --> 00:31:06,864 But where to strike? 338 00:31:09,993 --> 00:31:11,869 That autumn of 1944, 339 00:31:11,953 --> 00:31:14,913 the Allies in the west had closed up to the German border 340 00:31:14,998 --> 00:31:16,498 along a 1 ,000-mile front, 341 00:31:16,583 --> 00:31:20,502 and had even penetrated the Siegfried line in one or two places. 342 00:31:20,587 --> 00:31:25,591 But supply still remained a problem, for Antwerp was not yet open. 343 00:31:25,675 --> 00:31:29,094 To the north of Antwerp lay the bulk of the British forces. 344 00:31:29,178 --> 00:31:33,515 lf, by a daring blow, Hitler could capture Antwerp and reach the sea, 345 00:31:33,600 --> 00:31:36,852 he would not only eliminate the Allies' main supply port, 346 00:31:36,936 --> 00:31:39,396 he would also have split the Allies in two, 347 00:31:39,480 --> 00:31:43,859 and the British might once again have to contemplate a Dunkirk. 348 00:31:43,943 --> 00:31:47,154 Eisenhower, in manning his 1 ,000-mile front, 349 00:31:47,238 --> 00:31:49,781 had had to spread his forces thinly in places. 350 00:31:49,866 --> 00:31:55,412 One such place was just 125 miles from Antwerp - the Ardennes, 351 00:31:55,496 --> 00:31:59,666 of 1940 magical, mystical memory for Hitler. 352 00:31:59,751 --> 00:32:03,587 lf only history could repeat itself for him. 353 00:32:08,468 --> 00:32:13,805 (De Guingand) ln war, one must remember that you can't be strong everywhere. 354 00:32:13,890 --> 00:32:19,436 12th Army Group, Bradley's army group, were given certain tasks. 355 00:32:19,520 --> 00:32:21,855 And therefore he had to decide 356 00:32:21,940 --> 00:32:25,275 where he was going to be strong, and where he would be weak. 357 00:32:25,360 --> 00:32:27,945 And he assessed the situation 358 00:32:28,029 --> 00:32:32,324 and decided he'd thin out on the Ardennes sector. 359 00:32:42,961 --> 00:32:45,545 (American man) We were told by some of the men 360 00:32:45,630 --> 00:32:50,175 who were in the houses that we took over 361 00:32:50,259 --> 00:32:54,596 that it was a very quiet sector, nothing happened. 362 00:32:54,681 --> 00:32:57,265 Once in a while a patrol was sent out. 363 00:32:57,350 --> 00:33:02,020 They would hear sometimes the crackling of a gun in the distance, 364 00:33:02,105 --> 00:33:05,315 and... well, there was nothing to it. 365 00:33:17,537 --> 00:33:22,958 l was... not exactly green, 366 00:33:23,042 --> 00:33:25,919 but there weren't too many in our particular unit 367 00:33:26,004 --> 00:33:30,590 that had had much in the way of any combat experience. 368 00:33:42,770 --> 00:33:44,896 (German man) On October 24, 369 00:33:44,981 --> 00:33:47,816 l was ordered to come to Hitler, 370 00:33:47,900 --> 00:33:52,279 to his headquarters in East Prussia. 371 00:33:52,363 --> 00:33:56,408 And he developed me and General Krebs, 372 00:33:56,492 --> 00:34:01,788 the chief of the army group in the centre, who accompanied me, 373 00:34:01,873 --> 00:34:03,540 that we would get, 374 00:34:03,624 --> 00:34:10,005 end of November or beginning of December, strong reinforcements. 375 00:34:10,089 --> 00:34:14,509 He named... 20 infantry divisions, 376 00:34:14,594 --> 00:34:19,848 ten armoured divisions, and a lot of other special troops, 377 00:34:19,932 --> 00:34:24,770 and he promised that we would be supported by the air force, 378 00:34:24,854 --> 00:34:27,647 with about 3,000 planes. 379 00:34:29,901 --> 00:34:33,361 But we were totally surprised. 380 00:34:33,446 --> 00:34:39,201 He explained that the objectives, Antwerp and Brussels, 381 00:34:39,285 --> 00:34:41,870 were something of a risk, 382 00:34:41,954 --> 00:34:46,792 and might seem beyond the capacity of the forces available, 383 00:34:46,876 --> 00:34:49,294 and their condition. 384 00:34:49,378 --> 00:34:54,716 Nevertheless, he had decided to stake everything on one card, 385 00:34:54,801 --> 00:34:56,551 because Germany needed 386 00:34:56,636 --> 00:34:58,887 a breathing space. 387 00:34:58,971 --> 00:35:00,931 A defence struggle, he said, 388 00:35:01,015 --> 00:35:03,433 could only postpone the decision, 389 00:35:03,518 --> 00:35:07,062 and not change the general situation for Germany. 390 00:35:14,028 --> 00:35:17,364 (narrator) For his attack, Hitler, unknown to the Allies, 391 00:35:17,448 --> 00:35:20,450 had assembled more than half a million troops. 392 00:35:20,535 --> 00:35:25,372 Opposing them were just 80,000 ill-equipped, inexperienced Americans. 393 00:35:25,456 --> 00:35:29,167 lt seemed like May 1940 all over again. 394 00:35:34,340 --> 00:35:39,803 (Manteuffel) The morale of the German attacking forces was high, 395 00:35:39,887 --> 00:35:42,848 and this compensated, in my opinion, 396 00:35:42,932 --> 00:35:47,602 for our comparative weakness in weapon and in manpower. 397 00:35:48,354 --> 00:35:53,942 (German man) We saw this build-up of forces - tanks in great number, 398 00:35:54,026 --> 00:35:58,738 more tanks than we had seen in the last two years. 399 00:35:58,823 --> 00:36:01,491 We even saw aircraft, 400 00:36:01,576 --> 00:36:07,914 and then we saw that the preparations were well kept in secrecy. 401 00:36:08,833 --> 00:36:11,168 (narrator) "Null Day" - Zero Day - 402 00:36:11,252 --> 00:36:13,378 December 16, arrived. 403 00:36:26,642 --> 00:36:28,393 Feuer! 404 00:36:39,530 --> 00:36:42,157 The barrage lasted an hour, and gave the Allies 405 00:36:42,241 --> 00:36:46,036 a taste of what they had themselves meted out at Cassino some months, 406 00:36:46,120 --> 00:36:49,831 and at El Alamein some years, before. 407 00:36:53,878 --> 00:36:57,088 The last great attack of the Germans in the west had begun. 408 00:36:57,215 --> 00:37:00,800 Hitler's most desperate gamble was on. 409 00:37:06,807 --> 00:37:10,268 (German man) As a simple soldier, everything is on the road, 410 00:37:10,394 --> 00:37:13,605 and you think these are more divisions than they are. 411 00:37:13,689 --> 00:37:18,318 Therefore we had the feeling that this build-up of force 412 00:37:18,402 --> 00:37:24,199 might enable us to reach the final goal, which was Antwerp. 413 00:37:24,909 --> 00:37:27,410 The weather was foggy. 414 00:37:27,495 --> 00:37:35,377 The American and British air superiority didn't matter in that type of weather, 415 00:37:35,461 --> 00:37:40,423 and therefore we believed that we would be successful. 416 00:37:49,517 --> 00:37:51,393 (narrator) Surprise was total. 417 00:37:51,477 --> 00:37:54,562 lt began a day of monumental confusion for the Allies, 418 00:37:54,647 --> 00:37:59,567 the worst they experienced in the whole European war. 419 00:38:06,659 --> 00:38:09,577 Even as the first Wehrmacht waves were overrunning 420 00:38:09,662 --> 00:38:12,163 the American positions along the Ardennes, 421 00:38:12,248 --> 00:38:14,916 talk at Allied headquarters back at Versailles 422 00:38:15,001 --> 00:38:18,628 was focused more on the news of band leader Glenn Miller's death 423 00:38:18,713 --> 00:38:24,384 than of the possibility of the biggest German oftensive in the west since 1940. 424 00:38:24,468 --> 00:38:28,763 lt was the day Eisenhower was promoted five-star general, 425 00:38:28,848 --> 00:38:31,850 and the day Field Marshal Montgomery applied for leave 426 00:38:31,934 --> 00:38:34,769 to go home to England for Christmas. 427 00:38:34,854 --> 00:38:38,440 lke was attending his chaufteur's wedding that morning, 428 00:38:38,524 --> 00:38:41,401 while Monty was playing golf. 429 00:38:41,485 --> 00:38:46,531 As the day wore on, the resemblances to May 1940 grew. 430 00:38:46,615 --> 00:38:49,868 The overwhelming German might, their relentless speed, 431 00:38:49,952 --> 00:38:52,370 above all the chaos in the Allied rear, 432 00:38:52,455 --> 00:38:55,749 as bewildered, untried troops dashed for safety, 433 00:38:55,833 --> 00:39:00,420 clogging the roads and preventing reinforcements reaching the front. 434 00:39:00,504 --> 00:39:03,673 (German man) A rumour was spread that the Americans 435 00:39:03,758 --> 00:39:07,635 would hand over part of the prisoners of war to the Russians, 436 00:39:07,720 --> 00:39:13,433 and that helped to build up morale and the will to fight. 437 00:39:18,272 --> 00:39:21,107 (narrator) 7,000 Americans surrendered in one go, 438 00:39:21,192 --> 00:39:27,364 the biggest mass surrender of American arms in the European campaign. 439 00:39:32,995 --> 00:39:36,581 German newsreel cameramen had a field day. 440 00:39:54,892 --> 00:40:00,105 (American man) The fog was lifting a little bit in the area where we were, 441 00:40:00,189 --> 00:40:06,569 but by about 12 o'clock, we found that we couldn't go any further, 442 00:40:06,654 --> 00:40:10,407 that it was just a question of surrendering. 443 00:40:13,869 --> 00:40:16,788 (man and made arrangements 444 00:40:16,872 --> 00:40:19,833 with the German ofticer in charge, 445 00:40:19,917 --> 00:40:23,586 and came back up and told us that we had one hour 446 00:40:23,671 --> 00:40:29,717 to dismantle and destroy our weapons, 447 00:40:29,802 --> 00:40:33,972 or dig holes and bury whatever we wanted to bury, 448 00:40:34,056 --> 00:40:38,268 and be ready to come oft that hill within one hour. 449 00:40:43,065 --> 00:40:47,861 (German man) The first American prisoners didn't know what was going on. 450 00:40:47,945 --> 00:40:51,072 They came to us, asked for bread, and we had bread enough, 451 00:40:51,157 --> 00:40:55,285 so we gave them bread and they gave us chocolate. 452 00:41:39,622 --> 00:41:43,291 (German man) After two or three days, 453 00:41:43,375 --> 00:41:47,962 we already saw that the resistance of the American troops 454 00:41:48,047 --> 00:41:51,633 was stronger than we had believed. 455 00:41:51,717 --> 00:41:54,344 (gunfire) 456 00:41:57,139 --> 00:42:00,391 (American man) They had been able to break through 457 00:42:00,518 --> 00:42:03,186 because we could get no fighter-bomber support. 458 00:42:03,270 --> 00:42:06,189 The weather was sitting right on the treetops, 459 00:42:06,273 --> 00:42:11,486 and we couldn't pick up any of their moving troops from the air. 460 00:42:11,570 --> 00:42:15,990 But on Christmas Eve, the clouds lifted, 461 00:42:17,952 --> 00:42:21,371 and thereafter the fighter-bombers came in, 462 00:42:21,455 --> 00:42:25,083 and they simply destroyed the German armour. 463 00:42:40,307 --> 00:42:43,434 (narrator) Manteuftel's panzers had run out of petrol, 464 00:42:43,519 --> 00:42:46,729 still some 70 miles short of Antwerp. 465 00:42:46,814 --> 00:42:51,985 Motionless, they were sitting ducks for the Allied planes. 466 00:42:57,741 --> 00:42:59,325 "lt was a great slaughter", 467 00:42:59,410 --> 00:43:02,745 the American divisional commander wrote in his report. 468 00:43:02,830 --> 00:43:07,417 For Hitler, it was more than the beginning of the end. 469 00:43:10,838 --> 00:43:14,340 (Manteuffel) The failure of this oftensive aftected morale, 470 00:43:14,425 --> 00:43:19,262 and, therefore, the behaviour of the soldiers and the civilians alike. 471 00:43:19,346 --> 00:43:24,726 Thus we have contributed to speeding the end of the war. 472 00:43:26,228 --> 00:43:28,855 (narrator) With the German oftensive halted, 473 00:43:28,939 --> 00:43:31,816 Americans from the south and British from the north 474 00:43:31,900 --> 00:43:35,695 pressed on the bulge that had been formed within the Ardennes front - 475 00:43:35,779 --> 00:43:40,033 the bulge that gave this particular battle its popular name. 476 00:43:40,993 --> 00:43:44,287 They met in mid-January 1945, 477 00:43:44,413 --> 00:43:48,291 by which time the German army was in total disarray, 478 00:43:48,375 --> 00:43:52,003 for the Russian winter oftensive had begun four days before. 479 00:43:52,087 --> 00:43:57,759 Now Hitler's gamble in the west was seen to be supreme folly, 480 00:43:57,843 --> 00:44:01,971 for, to do it, he had denuded his defences in the east. 481 00:44:09,938 --> 00:44:13,524 With its carefully hoarded reserVes of fuel and equipment 482 00:44:13,609 --> 00:44:16,694 and, of course, of men too, gone, 483 00:44:16,779 --> 00:44:20,573 the German war machine began to disintegrate. 484 00:45:01,657 --> 00:45:07,328 l would say that Hitler's attack in the Bulge brought the war to an end 485 00:45:07,413 --> 00:45:11,708 perhaps six months earlier than it would otherwise have ended. 486 00:45:11,792 --> 00:45:14,502 The Germans could have fallen back to the Rhine, 487 00:45:14,586 --> 00:45:16,879 which was a real obstacle. 488 00:45:17,005 --> 00:45:20,925 But they had nothing with which to hold the Rhine, because essentially, 489 00:45:21,009 --> 00:45:25,805 the reserVes of the German army, the mobile troops and the reserVes, 490 00:45:25,889 --> 00:45:28,307 were destroyed in the battle of the Bulge. 491 00:45:28,392 --> 00:45:31,602 The German soldier was exhausted, 492 00:45:31,687 --> 00:45:36,983 and he had only one desire: to end the war. 493 00:45:37,067 --> 00:45:42,488 But he was willing to fight on, 494 00:45:42,573 --> 00:45:46,993 to cover the rear of the Eastern Front. 495 00:45:48,954 --> 00:45:51,998 (narrator) On January 20, 1945, 496 00:45:52,082 --> 00:45:55,418 Zhukov's tanks entered Germany proper for the first time, 497 00:45:55,502 --> 00:45:58,504 a mere 100 miles from Berlin, 498 00:45:58,589 --> 00:46:00,590 the occasion being celebrated 499 00:46:00,674 --> 00:46:05,094 by a particularly savage sacking of every village in sight. 500 00:46:18,108 --> 00:46:21,027 Soon, thousands upon thousands of German civilians 501 00:46:21,111 --> 00:46:24,864 took to the roads westwards, away from the dreaded Russians, 502 00:46:24,948 --> 00:46:27,742 producing scenes reminiscent of those long lines 503 00:46:27,826 --> 00:46:31,621 of French and Belgian refugees five years before. 504 00:46:49,765 --> 00:46:51,808 As the Allied bombing intensified, 505 00:46:51,892 --> 00:46:54,852 more and more German cities were reduced to rubble. 506 00:46:54,937 --> 00:46:59,565 ln Mein Kampf, Hitler had written, "Even if we cannot conquer, 507 00:46:59,650 --> 00:47:03,444 we shall drag the world into destruction with us." 508 00:47:16,625 --> 00:47:21,879 All during March, the Russian guns could be heard in Berlin. 509 00:47:49,950 --> 00:47:53,995 (Horrocks) They came to me and said, "Do you want Cleves taking out?" 510 00:47:54,079 --> 00:47:58,749 By "taking out" they meant all the heavy bombers putting on to Cleves. 511 00:47:58,834 --> 00:48:04,255 Now, l knew that Cleves was a fine old historical German town. 512 00:48:05,215 --> 00:48:09,594 Anne of Cleves, one of Henry Vlll's wives, came from there. 513 00:48:09,678 --> 00:48:12,471 l knew that there were a lot of civilians in Cleves, 514 00:48:12,556 --> 00:48:15,308 men, women and children. 515 00:48:15,392 --> 00:48:19,103 lf l said no, they would live. lf l said yes, they would die. 516 00:48:19,229 --> 00:48:24,942 A terrible decision you've got to take. But everything depended 517 00:48:25,027 --> 00:48:28,404 on getting a high piece of ground at Materborn. 518 00:48:28,488 --> 00:48:31,741 The German reserVes would have to come through Cleves, 519 00:48:31,825 --> 00:48:35,286 and we would have to breach the Siegfried line and get there. 520 00:48:35,370 --> 00:48:38,331 And your own lives, your own troops, must come first, 521 00:48:38,415 --> 00:48:42,585 so l said yes, l did want it taking out. 522 00:48:42,669 --> 00:48:45,963 But when all those bombers went over the night... 523 00:48:46,048 --> 00:48:49,508 just before zero hour, to take out Cleves, 524 00:48:49,593 --> 00:48:52,011 l felt a murderer. 525 00:48:52,095 --> 00:48:57,475 And after the war l had an awful lot of nightmares. lt was always Cleves. 526 00:49:24,836 --> 00:49:28,756 (narrator) The cities west of the Rhine were cleared of German troops - 527 00:49:28,840 --> 00:49:33,761 Bonn, Koblenz, Mainz and, of course, Cologne. 528 00:50:37,200 --> 00:50:43,205 By March 22, no German soldier fought west of the Rhine. 529 00:50:58,555 --> 00:51:01,849 Only the Rhine now lay between the Western Allies 530 00:51:01,933 --> 00:51:04,977 and the heartland of Hitler's Germany. 531 00:51:05,062 --> 00:51:08,564 Preparations began straightaway to cross it. 532 00:53:07,350 --> 00:53:12,229 (Horrocks) At nine o'clock in the evening, l remember waiting, 533 00:53:12,314 --> 00:53:15,524 sitting in a command post. 534 00:53:15,609 --> 00:53:20,821 Then the news came through that the Black Watch were over the Rhine. 535 00:53:20,906 --> 00:53:24,909 Rather historic, you know, in a way. They were over the Rhine. 400 00:53:28,032 --> 00:53:31,869 © anoXmous @ http://thepiratebay.sx/user/Zen_Bud 401 00:53:31,870 --> 00:53:35,870 © anoXmous @ http://thepiratebay.sx/user/Zen_Bud 402 00:53:35,871 --> 00:53:39,871