1 00:00:00,889 --> 00:00:03,472 (somber music) 2 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 3 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 4 00:00:08,430 --> 00:00:11,400 - [Narrator] 150 years ago, the business corporation 5 00:00:11,400 --> 00:00:14,600 was a relatively insignificant institution. 6 00:00:14,600 --> 00:00:17,320 Today it is all-pervasive, 7 00:00:17,320 --> 00:00:19,260 like the church, the monarchy, 8 00:00:19,260 --> 00:00:22,090 and the Communist Party in other times and places. 9 00:00:22,090 --> 00:00:24,883 The corporation is today's dominant institution. 10 00:00:26,400 --> 00:00:31,190 This documentary examines the nature, evolution, impacts, 11 00:00:31,190 --> 00:00:33,990 and possible futures of the modern business corporation. 12 00:00:36,090 --> 00:00:38,620 Initially given a narrow legal mandate, 13 00:00:38,620 --> 00:00:40,410 what has allowed today's corporation 14 00:00:40,410 --> 00:00:42,290 to achieve such extraordinary power 15 00:00:42,290 --> 00:00:44,053 and influence over our lives? 16 00:00:45,097 --> 00:00:45,980 We begin our inquiry 17 00:00:45,980 --> 00:00:48,660 as scandals threaten to trigger a wide debate 18 00:00:48,660 --> 00:00:52,390 about the lack of public control over big corporations. 19 00:00:52,390 --> 00:00:55,340 - I do think there is an overhang 20 00:00:57,120 --> 00:00:58,400 over the market, 21 00:00:58,400 --> 00:00:59,523 of distrust. 22 00:01:00,360 --> 00:01:02,360 This 95%, or some percent, 23 00:01:02,360 --> 00:01:06,410 huge percentage of the business community are honest 24 00:01:06,410 --> 00:01:09,050 and reveal all their assets, 25 00:01:09,050 --> 00:01:11,373 got compensation programs that are balanced, 26 00:01:12,400 --> 00:01:14,370 but there are some bad apples. 27 00:01:14,370 --> 00:01:15,410 - [Narrator] The media debate about 28 00:01:15,410 --> 00:01:18,000 the basic operating principles of the corporate world 29 00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:21,090 was quickly reduced to a game of follow the leader. 30 00:01:21,090 --> 00:01:22,580 - I still happen to think the United States 31 00:01:22,580 --> 00:01:24,850 is the greatest place in the world to invest. 32 00:01:24,850 --> 00:01:26,223 We have some shake-ups that are going on 33 00:01:26,223 --> 00:01:27,923 because of a few bad apples. 34 00:01:33,774 --> 00:01:38,065 ♪ Some people call me a bad apple ♪ 35 00:01:38,065 --> 00:01:40,185 ♪ Well I may be bruised ♪ 36 00:01:40,185 --> 00:01:43,196 ♪ But I still taste sweet ♪ 37 00:01:43,196 --> 00:01:47,476 ♪ Some people call me a bad apple ♪ 38 00:01:47,476 --> 00:01:52,476 ♪ But I may be the sweetest apple on the tree ♪ 39 00:01:52,560 --> 00:01:55,650 - These are not just a bunch of bad apples. 40 00:01:55,650 --> 00:01:57,410 - This is just a few bad apples. 41 00:01:57,410 --> 00:01:59,070 - It's not just a few bad apples. 42 00:01:59,070 --> 00:02:01,130 - We've gotta get rid of the bad apples. 43 00:02:01,130 --> 00:02:02,560 You can start with Tyco. 44 00:02:02,560 --> 00:02:03,393 - Bad apples. 45 00:02:03,393 --> 00:02:05,200 - We know all about Worldcom. 46 00:02:05,200 --> 00:02:06,033 - Bad apples. 47 00:02:06,033 --> 00:02:07,410 - Xerox Corporation. 48 00:02:07,410 --> 00:02:08,243 - Bad apples. 49 00:02:08,243 --> 00:02:09,076 - Arthur Anderson. 50 00:02:09,076 --> 00:02:09,908 - Bad apples. 51 00:02:09,908 --> 00:02:10,741 - Enron, obviously. 52 00:02:10,741 --> 00:02:11,575 - Bad apples. 53 00:02:11,575 --> 00:02:12,800 - Kmart corporation. 54 00:02:12,800 --> 00:02:14,980 - That fruit cart is getting a little more full. 55 00:02:14,980 --> 00:02:16,820 - I don't think it's just a few apples, unfortunately. 56 00:02:16,820 --> 00:02:21,810 I think this is the worst crisis of confidence in business. 57 00:02:21,810 --> 00:02:23,980 - [Narrator] What's wrong with this picture? 58 00:02:23,980 --> 00:02:25,490 Can't we pick a better metaphor 59 00:02:25,490 --> 00:02:28,083 to describe the dominant institution of our time? 60 00:02:30,570 --> 00:02:33,990 Through the voices of CEOs, whistleblowers, 61 00:02:33,990 --> 00:02:38,800 brokers, gurus and spies, insiders and outsiders, 62 00:02:38,800 --> 00:02:41,520 we present the corporation as a paradox, 63 00:02:41,520 --> 00:02:43,820 an institution that creates great wealth 64 00:02:43,820 --> 00:02:46,666 but causes enormous and often hidden harms. 65 00:02:46,666 --> 00:02:50,166 (eerie electronic music) 66 00:03:02,230 --> 00:03:05,710 - [Man] I see the corporation as part of a jigsaw 67 00:03:05,710 --> 00:03:07,360 in society as a whole, 68 00:03:07,360 --> 00:03:10,870 which if you remove it, the picture's incomplete, 69 00:03:10,870 --> 00:03:13,677 but equally, if it's the only path, 70 00:03:13,677 --> 00:03:15,003 then it's not gonna work. 71 00:03:16,250 --> 00:03:17,350 - [Man] A sports team. 72 00:03:17,350 --> 00:03:19,520 Some of us are blocking and tackling, 73 00:03:19,520 --> 00:03:21,040 some of us are running the ball, 74 00:03:21,040 --> 00:03:23,030 some of us are throwing the ball, 75 00:03:23,030 --> 00:03:24,740 but we all have a common purpose, 76 00:03:24,740 --> 00:03:26,993 which is to succeed as an organization. 77 00:03:28,740 --> 00:03:30,960 - [Man] The corporation's like a family unit. 78 00:03:30,960 --> 00:03:34,863 People in the corporation work together for a common end. 79 00:03:37,690 --> 00:03:39,490 - [Man] Like the telephone system, 80 00:03:39,490 --> 00:03:42,120 it reaches almost everywhere. 81 00:03:42,120 --> 00:03:43,980 It's extraordinarily powerful, 82 00:03:43,980 --> 00:03:46,370 it's pretty hard to avoid, 83 00:03:46,370 --> 00:03:48,910 and it transforms the lives of people, 84 00:03:48,910 --> 00:03:51,573 I think on balance for the better. 85 00:03:53,050 --> 00:03:53,913 - The eagle, 86 00:03:54,930 --> 00:03:55,763 soaring, 87 00:03:56,660 --> 00:03:57,843 clear-eyed, 88 00:03:59,079 --> 00:04:00,390 competitive, 89 00:04:00,390 --> 00:04:02,683 prepared to strike, but not a vulture, 90 00:04:03,610 --> 00:04:04,443 noble, 91 00:04:05,310 --> 00:04:06,400 visionary, 92 00:04:06,400 --> 00:04:07,990 majestic, 93 00:04:07,990 --> 00:04:11,390 that people can believe in and be inspired by, 94 00:04:11,390 --> 00:04:14,843 that creates such a lift that it soars. 95 00:04:15,970 --> 00:04:18,970 I could see that being a good logo 96 00:04:18,970 --> 00:04:20,403 for the principled company. 97 00:04:21,426 --> 00:04:23,860 (laughs) 98 00:04:23,860 --> 00:04:26,096 Okay, guys, enough bullshit! 99 00:04:26,096 --> 00:04:29,820 (strange electronic music) 100 00:04:29,820 --> 00:04:33,350 - [Man] Corporations are artificial creations. 101 00:04:33,350 --> 00:04:35,230 You might say they're monsters 102 00:04:35,230 --> 00:04:39,420 trying to devour as much profit as possible, 103 00:04:39,420 --> 00:04:41,546 at anyone's expense. 104 00:04:41,546 --> 00:04:43,440 (people screaming) 105 00:04:43,440 --> 00:04:44,570 - [Man] I think of a whale, 106 00:04:44,570 --> 00:04:45,900 gentle, 107 00:04:45,900 --> 00:04:46,963 big fish, 108 00:04:48,270 --> 00:04:50,253 which could swallow you in an instant. 109 00:04:52,210 --> 00:04:54,730 - [Woman] Dr. Frankenstein's creation 110 00:04:54,730 --> 00:04:57,850 has overwhelmed and overpowered him, 111 00:04:57,850 --> 00:05:01,445 as the corporate form has done with us. 112 00:05:01,445 --> 00:05:03,945 (scary music) 113 00:05:11,320 --> 00:05:15,840 - The word corporate gets attached in almost, 114 00:05:15,840 --> 00:05:18,290 in a pejorative sense to, 115 00:05:18,290 --> 00:05:20,660 and it gets married with the word agenda. 116 00:05:20,660 --> 00:05:24,210 And one hears a lot about the corporate agenda, 117 00:05:24,210 --> 00:05:25,503 as though it is easy, 118 00:05:26,350 --> 00:05:28,340 as though it is an agenda 119 00:05:28,340 --> 00:05:30,559 which is trying to take over the world. 120 00:05:30,559 --> 00:05:33,610 (protesters chanting) 121 00:05:33,610 --> 00:05:35,913 Personally, I don't use the word corporation. 122 00:05:36,770 --> 00:05:37,980 I use the word business. 123 00:05:37,980 --> 00:05:38,970 I will use the word 124 00:05:42,020 --> 00:05:42,853 company. 125 00:05:42,853 --> 00:05:45,240 I'll use the words business community, 126 00:05:45,240 --> 00:05:48,580 because I think that is a much fairer representation 127 00:05:48,580 --> 00:05:53,271 than zeroing in on just this word corporation. 128 00:05:53,271 --> 00:05:56,430 (film roll whirring) 129 00:05:56,430 --> 00:05:58,203 - [Man] What is a corporation? 130 00:06:00,230 --> 00:06:01,730 - It's funny that I've taught in a business school 131 00:06:01,730 --> 00:06:02,930 for as long as I have, 132 00:06:02,930 --> 00:06:06,280 without ever having been asked so pointedly 133 00:06:06,280 --> 00:06:08,253 to say what I think a corporation is. 134 00:06:09,400 --> 00:06:13,610 - [Man] It is one form of business ownership. 135 00:06:13,610 --> 00:06:16,430 - It's a group of individuals working together 136 00:06:16,430 --> 00:06:18,960 to serve a variety of objectives, 137 00:06:18,960 --> 00:06:21,540 the principle one of which is earning 138 00:06:21,540 --> 00:06:25,890 large, growing, sustained legal returns 139 00:06:25,890 --> 00:06:28,271 for the people who own the business. 140 00:06:28,271 --> 00:06:30,005 (empty electronic music) 141 00:06:30,005 --> 00:06:33,780 (helicopter roaring) 142 00:06:33,780 --> 00:06:35,770 - The modern corporation 143 00:06:35,770 --> 00:06:39,340 has grown out of the Industrial Age. 144 00:06:39,340 --> 00:06:42,180 The Industrial Age began in 1712 145 00:06:43,030 --> 00:06:45,670 when an Englishman named Thomas Newcomen 146 00:06:45,670 --> 00:06:48,440 invented a steam-driven pump 147 00:06:48,440 --> 00:06:50,670 to pump water out of the English coal mines 148 00:06:50,670 --> 00:06:53,700 so the English coal mines could get it more coal to mine 149 00:06:53,700 --> 00:06:57,290 rather than hauling buckets of water out of the mine. 150 00:06:57,290 --> 00:06:59,940 It was all about productivity, 151 00:06:59,940 --> 00:07:01,860 more coal per man-hour. 152 00:07:01,860 --> 00:07:03,630 That was the dawn of the Industrial Age, 153 00:07:03,630 --> 00:07:06,560 and then it became more steel per man-hour, 154 00:07:06,560 --> 00:07:08,260 more textiles per man-hour, 155 00:07:08,260 --> 00:07:10,357 more automobiles per man-hour. 156 00:07:10,357 --> 00:07:12,740 And today it's more chips per man-hour, 157 00:07:12,740 --> 00:07:14,950 more gizmos per man-hour. 158 00:07:14,950 --> 00:07:17,270 The system is basically the same, 159 00:07:17,270 --> 00:07:20,159 producing more sophisticated products today. 160 00:07:20,159 --> 00:07:23,580 (machinery clanking) 161 00:07:23,580 --> 00:07:28,240 - The dominant role of corporations in our lives 162 00:07:28,240 --> 00:07:31,960 is essentially a product of roughly the past century. 163 00:07:31,960 --> 00:07:35,560 Corporations were originally associations of people 164 00:07:35,560 --> 00:07:37,090 who were chartered by a state 165 00:07:37,090 --> 00:07:39,409 to perform some particular function, 166 00:07:39,409 --> 00:07:41,460 like a group of people want to build 167 00:07:41,460 --> 00:07:43,350 a bridge over the Charles River 168 00:07:43,350 --> 00:07:45,240 or something like that. 169 00:07:45,240 --> 00:07:48,020 - There were very few chartered corporations 170 00:07:48,020 --> 00:07:50,340 in early United States history, 171 00:07:50,340 --> 00:07:54,830 and the ones that existed had clear stipulations 172 00:07:54,830 --> 00:07:56,960 in their state-issued charters, 173 00:07:56,960 --> 00:07:58,560 how long they could operate, 174 00:07:58,560 --> 00:08:00,640 the amount of capitalization, 175 00:08:00,640 --> 00:08:04,770 what they made or did or maintained, a turnpike, whatever, 176 00:08:04,770 --> 00:08:05,770 was in their Charter, 177 00:08:05,770 --> 00:08:07,800 and they didn't do anything else. 178 00:08:07,800 --> 00:08:10,633 They didn't own or couldn't own another corporation. 179 00:08:11,520 --> 00:08:14,630 Their shareholders were liable and so on. 180 00:08:14,630 --> 00:08:16,970 - In both law and the culture 181 00:08:16,970 --> 00:08:19,380 the corporation was considered a subordinate entity 182 00:08:19,380 --> 00:08:22,380 that was a gift from the people 183 00:08:22,380 --> 00:08:24,397 in order to serve the public good. 184 00:08:24,397 --> 00:08:27,064 (serious music) 185 00:08:28,210 --> 00:08:29,840 So you have that history, 186 00:08:29,840 --> 00:08:31,170 and we shouldn't be misled by it. 187 00:08:31,170 --> 00:08:33,549 It's not as if those are the halcyon days 188 00:08:33,549 --> 00:08:36,510 when all corporations served the public trust, 189 00:08:36,510 --> 00:08:38,826 but there's a lot to learn from that. 190 00:08:38,826 --> 00:08:41,190 (cannons blasting) 191 00:08:41,190 --> 00:08:42,610 - [Mary] The Civil War 192 00:08:43,850 --> 00:08:45,820 and the Industrial Revolution 193 00:08:45,820 --> 00:08:48,710 created enormous growth in corporations, 194 00:08:48,710 --> 00:08:51,590 and so there was an explosion of railroads 195 00:08:51,590 --> 00:08:54,830 who got large federal subsidies of land, 196 00:08:54,830 --> 00:08:57,210 banking, heavy manufacturing. 197 00:08:57,210 --> 00:09:01,230 And corporate lawyers a century and a half ago 198 00:09:01,230 --> 00:09:04,220 realized they needed more power to operate 199 00:09:04,220 --> 00:09:07,850 and wanted to remove some of the constraints 200 00:09:07,850 --> 00:09:10,993 that had historically been placed on the corporate form. 201 00:09:11,980 --> 00:09:15,517 - The 14th Amendment was passed at the end of the Civil War 202 00:09:15,517 --> 00:09:18,813 to give equal rights to black people, 203 00:09:19,650 --> 00:09:23,960 and therefore it said no state can deprive any person 204 00:09:23,960 --> 00:09:26,130 of life, liberty, or property 205 00:09:26,130 --> 00:09:28,120 without due process of law. 206 00:09:28,120 --> 00:09:29,950 And that was intended to prevent the states 207 00:09:29,950 --> 00:09:32,730 from taking away life, liberty, or property 208 00:09:32,730 --> 00:09:33,780 from black people, 209 00:09:33,780 --> 00:09:37,370 as they had done for so much of our history. 210 00:09:37,370 --> 00:09:40,180 And what happened is the corporations come into court, 211 00:09:40,180 --> 00:09:42,520 and corporation lawyers are very clever, 212 00:09:42,520 --> 00:09:46,267 and they say, "Oh, you can't deprive a person 213 00:09:46,267 --> 00:09:48,027 "of life, liberty, or property. 214 00:09:48,027 --> 00:09:49,377 "We are a person. 215 00:09:49,377 --> 00:09:51,240 "A corporation as a person." 216 00:09:51,240 --> 00:09:53,368 And Supreme Court goes along with that. 217 00:09:53,368 --> 00:09:54,201 (gavel slams) 218 00:09:54,201 --> 00:09:57,840 - And what was particularly grotesque about this 219 00:09:57,840 --> 00:10:00,078 was that the 14th Amendment was passed 220 00:10:00,078 --> 00:10:02,913 to protect newly freed slaves. 221 00:10:04,560 --> 00:10:05,770 So for instance, 222 00:10:05,770 --> 00:10:08,560 between 1890 and 1910 223 00:10:08,560 --> 00:10:12,950 there were 307 cases brought before the court 224 00:10:12,950 --> 00:10:14,970 under the 14th Amendment, 225 00:10:14,970 --> 00:10:18,460 288 of these brought by corporations, 226 00:10:18,460 --> 00:10:20,667 19 by African Americans. 227 00:10:20,667 --> 00:10:23,334 (weighty music) 228 00:10:26,920 --> 00:10:30,653 - 600,000 people were killed to get rights for people, 229 00:10:32,530 --> 00:10:36,120 and then with strokes of the pen over the next 30 years, 230 00:10:36,120 --> 00:10:40,430 judges applied those rights to capital and property, 231 00:10:40,430 --> 00:10:43,583 while stripping them from people. 232 00:10:43,583 --> 00:10:46,333 (brooding music) 233 00:10:57,190 --> 00:10:59,610 - Everybody makes a mistake once in a while, 234 00:10:59,610 --> 00:11:02,820 but I just can't be personally responsible. 235 00:11:02,820 --> 00:11:05,410 That's one of the weaknesses of a partnership. 236 00:11:05,410 --> 00:11:06,970 Isn't it, Sid? 237 00:11:06,970 --> 00:11:09,990 - Well, maybe you'd better incorporate the store. 238 00:11:09,990 --> 00:11:11,000 - [Partner] Incorporate it? 239 00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:12,090 - Yes. 240 00:11:12,090 --> 00:11:14,950 Incorporating would give you the big advantage 241 00:11:14,950 --> 00:11:17,280 of what you want right now: 242 00:11:17,280 --> 00:11:19,030 limited liability. 243 00:11:19,030 --> 00:11:20,250 You start with a group of people 244 00:11:20,250 --> 00:11:22,893 who want to invest their money in a company. 245 00:11:23,920 --> 00:11:27,783 Then these people apply for a charter as a corporation. 246 00:11:28,720 --> 00:11:31,623 This government issues a charter to that corporation. 247 00:11:32,500 --> 00:11:35,110 Now that corporation operates legally 248 00:11:35,110 --> 00:11:37,470 as an individual person. 249 00:11:37,470 --> 00:11:39,960 It is not a group of people. 250 00:11:39,960 --> 00:11:42,723 It is under the law a legal person. 251 00:11:43,760 --> 00:11:45,830 Imperial Steel Incorporated 252 00:11:45,830 --> 00:11:48,530 has many of the legal rights of a person. 253 00:11:48,530 --> 00:11:51,220 It can buy and sell property. 254 00:11:51,220 --> 00:11:53,030 It can borrow money. 255 00:11:53,030 --> 00:11:56,240 It can sue in court and be sued. 256 00:11:56,240 --> 00:11:58,043 It carries on a business. 257 00:11:59,140 --> 00:12:03,690 Imperial Steel, along with thousands of other legal persons, 258 00:12:03,690 --> 00:12:06,160 is a part of our daily living. 259 00:12:06,160 --> 00:12:08,200 It is a member of our society. 260 00:12:08,200 --> 00:12:10,430 (nonchalant music) 261 00:12:10,430 --> 00:12:11,830 - [Narrator] Having acquired the legal rights 262 00:12:11,830 --> 00:12:13,700 and protections of a person, 263 00:12:13,700 --> 00:12:15,380 the question arises 264 00:12:15,380 --> 00:12:18,171 what kind of person is the corporation? 265 00:12:18,171 --> 00:12:20,860 (nonchalant music) 266 00:12:20,860 --> 00:12:24,510 - Corporations were given the rights of immortal persons, 267 00:12:24,510 --> 00:12:26,470 but then special kinds of persons, 268 00:12:26,470 --> 00:12:28,338 persons who have no moral conscience. 269 00:12:28,338 --> 00:12:30,838 (aloof music) 270 00:12:32,380 --> 00:12:34,590 These are special kind of persons 271 00:12:34,590 --> 00:12:36,900 which are designed, and by law, 272 00:12:36,900 --> 00:12:40,450 to be concerned only for their stockholders 273 00:12:40,450 --> 00:12:43,030 and not, say, what are sometimes called their stakeholders, 274 00:12:43,030 --> 00:12:46,150 like the community or the workforce or whatever. 275 00:12:46,150 --> 00:12:50,510 The great problem of having corporate citizens 276 00:12:51,350 --> 00:12:54,373 is that they aren't like the rest of us. 277 00:12:55,450 --> 00:12:57,660 As Baron Thurlow in England 278 00:12:57,660 --> 00:12:58,500 is supposed to have said, 279 00:12:58,500 --> 00:12:59,910 they have no soul to save 280 00:12:59,910 --> 00:13:02,013 and they have no body to incarcerate. 281 00:13:02,890 --> 00:13:04,750 - I believe the mistake that a lot of people make 282 00:13:04,750 --> 00:13:06,090 when they think about corporations 283 00:13:06,090 --> 00:13:08,913 is they think corporations are like us. 284 00:13:09,840 --> 00:13:14,840 - General Electric is a kind old man with lots of stories. 285 00:13:15,050 --> 00:13:16,650 - Nike. 286 00:13:16,650 --> 00:13:17,730 - Young. 287 00:13:17,730 --> 00:13:18,860 - Energetic, 288 00:13:18,860 --> 00:13:21,430 - Microsoft, aggressive. 289 00:13:21,430 --> 00:13:26,020 - McDonalds, young, outgoing, enthusiastic. 290 00:13:26,020 --> 00:13:29,540 - Monsanto, immaculately dressed. 291 00:13:29,540 --> 00:13:32,160 - Disney, goofy. 292 00:13:32,160 --> 00:13:34,653 - The Body Shop, deceptive. 293 00:13:35,640 --> 00:13:37,020 - Very lovely. 294 00:13:37,020 --> 00:13:39,255 (woman laughs) 295 00:13:39,255 --> 00:13:40,329 - Do you know what The Body Shop is? 296 00:13:40,329 --> 00:13:41,187 - Nope. (woman laughs) 297 00:13:41,187 --> 00:13:42,720 - They think they have feelings, 298 00:13:42,720 --> 00:13:43,810 they have politics, 299 00:13:43,810 --> 00:13:45,290 they have belief systems. 300 00:13:45,290 --> 00:13:47,130 They really only have one thing, 301 00:13:47,130 --> 00:13:48,470 the bottom line, 302 00:13:48,470 --> 00:13:52,320 how to make as much money as they can in any given quarter. 303 00:13:52,320 --> 00:13:53,300 That's it. 304 00:13:53,300 --> 00:13:54,740 - Of course they make a profit, 305 00:13:54,740 --> 00:13:56,970 and it's a good thing. 306 00:13:56,970 --> 00:13:59,800 That's the incentive that makes capitalism work 307 00:13:59,800 --> 00:14:02,237 to give us more of the things that we need. 308 00:14:02,237 --> 00:14:05,470 That's the incentive that other economic systems lack. 309 00:14:05,470 --> 00:14:06,700 - People accuse us of 310 00:14:06,700 --> 00:14:09,500 only paying attention to the economic leg 311 00:14:09,500 --> 00:14:10,760 because they think that's what 312 00:14:10,760 --> 00:14:12,970 a businessperson's mindset is, 313 00:14:12,970 --> 00:14:15,100 it's just money. 314 00:14:15,100 --> 00:14:16,340 And it's not so, 315 00:14:16,340 --> 00:14:18,110 because we as business people 316 00:14:18,960 --> 00:14:22,960 know that we need to certainly address the environment 317 00:14:22,960 --> 00:14:26,940 but also we need to be seen as 318 00:14:26,940 --> 00:14:29,810 constructive members of society. 319 00:14:29,810 --> 00:14:33,900 - There are companies that do good for the communities. 320 00:14:33,900 --> 00:14:36,760 They produce services and goods 321 00:14:36,760 --> 00:14:38,700 that are a value to all of us, 322 00:14:38,700 --> 00:14:40,360 that make our lives better, 323 00:14:40,360 --> 00:14:42,170 and that's a good thing. 324 00:14:42,170 --> 00:14:47,170 The problem comes in in the profit motivation here, 325 00:14:47,320 --> 00:14:51,130 because these people, there's no such thing as enough. 326 00:14:51,130 --> 00:14:54,950 - And I always counter, point out 327 00:14:54,950 --> 00:14:57,300 there's no organization on this planet 328 00:14:57,300 --> 00:15:01,390 that can neglect its economic foundation. 329 00:15:01,390 --> 00:15:05,889 Even someone living under a banyan tree is dependent 330 00:15:05,889 --> 00:15:08,120 on support from someone. 331 00:15:08,120 --> 00:15:11,870 The economic link has to be addressed by everyone. 332 00:15:11,870 --> 00:15:13,823 It's not just a business issue. 333 00:15:15,695 --> 00:15:18,460 - [Narrator] But unlike someone under a banyan tree, 334 00:15:18,460 --> 00:15:21,440 all publicly traded corporations have been structured 335 00:15:21,440 --> 00:15:23,490 through a series of legal decisions 336 00:15:23,490 --> 00:15:26,123 to have a peculiar and disturbing characteristic. 337 00:15:27,570 --> 00:15:29,690 They are required by law 338 00:15:29,690 --> 00:15:31,870 to place the financial interests of their owners 339 00:15:31,870 --> 00:15:33,423 above competing interests. 340 00:15:35,450 --> 00:15:38,040 In fact, the corporation is legally bound 341 00:15:38,040 --> 00:15:40,503 to put its bottom line ahead of everything else, 342 00:15:41,410 --> 00:15:42,523 even the public good. 343 00:15:45,040 --> 00:15:46,240 - That's not a law of nature. 344 00:15:46,240 --> 00:15:48,020 That's a very specific decision, 345 00:15:48,020 --> 00:15:50,330 in fact, the judicial decision, 346 00:15:50,330 --> 00:15:51,660 so they're concerned only 347 00:15:51,660 --> 00:15:55,020 for the short-term profit of their stockholders 348 00:15:55,020 --> 00:15:57,463 who are very highly concentrated. 349 00:15:57,463 --> 00:15:59,780 (people shouting) 350 00:15:59,780 --> 00:16:03,040 - To whom do these companies owe 351 00:16:04,540 --> 00:16:05,373 loyalty? 352 00:16:05,373 --> 00:16:06,483 What does loyalty mean? 353 00:16:07,873 --> 00:16:10,710 It turns out that that was a rather naive concept anyway, 354 00:16:10,710 --> 00:16:14,410 as corporations are always owed obligation to themselves 355 00:16:14,410 --> 00:16:16,430 to get large and to get profitable. 356 00:16:16,430 --> 00:16:19,680 In doing this it tends to be more profitable 357 00:16:19,680 --> 00:16:23,670 to the extent it can make the other people pay the bills 358 00:16:23,670 --> 00:16:26,810 for its impact on society. 359 00:16:26,810 --> 00:16:29,010 There's a terrible word that economists use. 360 00:16:29,882 --> 00:16:31,259 - An externality 361 00:16:31,259 --> 00:16:36,259 is the effect of a transaction between two individuals 362 00:16:36,520 --> 00:16:40,500 on a third party who has not consented to 363 00:16:40,500 --> 00:16:44,383 or played any role in the carrying out of that transaction. 364 00:16:46,387 --> 00:16:48,235 And there are real problems in that area. 365 00:16:48,235 --> 00:16:50,402 There's no doubt about it. 366 00:16:52,358 --> 00:16:53,913 - Running a business is a tough proposition. 367 00:16:55,165 --> 00:16:57,466 There are costs to be minimized at every turn. 368 00:16:58,926 --> 00:17:00,876 And at some point the corporation says, 369 00:17:02,185 --> 00:17:03,353 "Let somebody else deal with that. 370 00:17:04,682 --> 00:17:06,960 "Let's let somebody else supplant the military power 371 00:17:07,844 --> 00:17:09,573 "to the Middle East to protect the oil at its source. 372 00:17:10,682 --> 00:17:13,173 "Let's let somebody else build the roads 373 00:17:13,173 --> 00:17:14,992 "that we can drive these automobiles on. 374 00:17:16,054 --> 00:17:18,426 "Let's let somebody else have those problems." 375 00:17:20,103 --> 00:17:22,203 And that is where externalities come from, 376 00:17:23,545 --> 00:17:25,813 that notion of, "Let somebody else deal with that. 377 00:17:26,813 --> 00:17:28,247 "I got all I can handle myself." 378 00:17:29,516 --> 00:17:31,010 - A corporation is an externalizing machine 379 00:17:31,865 --> 00:17:34,223 in the same way that a shark is a killing machine. 380 00:17:35,596 --> 00:17:37,910 Each one is designed in a very efficient way 381 00:17:39,436 --> 00:17:40,733 to accomplish particular objectives. 382 00:17:41,996 --> 00:17:42,950 In the achievement of those objectives 383 00:17:43,882 --> 00:17:46,432 there isn't any question of malevolence or of will. 384 00:17:48,345 --> 00:17:49,593 The enterprise has within it, 385 00:17:50,454 --> 00:17:51,287 and the shark has within it, 386 00:17:52,204 --> 00:17:53,450 those characteristics that enable it to do 387 00:17:54,316 --> 00:17:55,149 that for which it was designed. 388 00:17:56,774 --> 00:17:58,366 - So the pressure's on the corporation 389 00:17:58,366 --> 00:17:59,199 to deliver results 390 00:18:00,886 --> 00:18:02,115 now 391 00:18:02,115 --> 00:18:03,465 and to externalize any cost 392 00:18:04,377 --> 00:18:05,750 that this unwary or uncaring public 393 00:18:06,606 --> 00:18:08,056 will allow it to externalize. 394 00:18:11,174 --> 00:18:14,007 (perplexed music) 395 00:18:20,222 --> 00:18:21,782 - [Narrator] To determine the kind of personality 396 00:18:21,782 --> 00:18:22,931 that drives the corporation 397 00:18:22,931 --> 00:18:24,063 to behave like an externalizing machine, 398 00:18:25,451 --> 00:18:26,284 we can analyze it 399 00:18:26,284 --> 00:18:27,603 like a psychiatrist would a patient. 400 00:18:30,591 --> 00:18:31,520 We can even formulate a diagnosis 401 00:18:32,654 --> 00:18:33,740 on the basis of typical case histories 402 00:18:34,600 --> 00:18:35,523 of harm it has inflicted on others, 403 00:18:36,720 --> 00:18:38,573 selected from a universe of corporate activity. 404 00:18:39,512 --> 00:18:43,345 (unfriendly electronic music) 405 00:18:56,075 --> 00:18:57,443 - Well, this is the office of the National Labor Committee, 406 00:18:59,231 --> 00:19:00,553 here in the garment area of New York City. 407 00:19:02,433 --> 00:19:03,883 It's a little bit disheveled. 408 00:19:05,814 --> 00:19:07,764 These are all from different campaigns. 409 00:19:09,321 --> 00:19:10,710 To make this stuff concrete as possible 410 00:19:12,401 --> 00:19:13,951 we purchase all of the products 411 00:19:14,868 --> 00:19:16,423 from the factories that we're talking about. 412 00:19:17,554 --> 00:19:18,904 This shirt sells for $14.99 413 00:19:21,756 --> 00:19:23,473 and the women who made this shirt got paid three cents. 414 00:19:25,364 --> 00:19:27,013 Liz Claiborne jackets made in El Salvador, 415 00:19:28,436 --> 00:19:29,486 the jackets are $178, 416 00:19:30,985 --> 00:19:32,804 and the workers were paid 74 cents 417 00:19:32,804 --> 00:19:33,637 for every jacket they made. 418 00:19:34,695 --> 00:19:36,200 Alpine car stereos, 31 cents an hour. 419 00:19:37,316 --> 00:19:38,284 It's not just sneakers, 420 00:19:38,284 --> 00:19:39,356 it's not just apparel. 421 00:19:39,356 --> 00:19:40,189 It's everything. 422 00:19:45,116 --> 00:19:45,953 We were in Honduras, 423 00:19:48,025 --> 00:19:50,483 and some workers, they knew the kind of work that we did, 424 00:19:50,483 --> 00:19:52,116 and they approached us, these young workers, 425 00:19:52,116 --> 00:19:54,313 and they said, "Conditions in our factory are horrible. 426 00:19:55,253 --> 00:19:56,347 "Will you please meet with us?" 427 00:19:57,225 --> 00:19:58,324 And we said we would, 428 00:19:58,324 --> 00:19:59,383 but you can't meet in the developing world. 429 00:20:00,364 --> 00:20:01,197 You can't walk up to a factory 430 00:20:02,161 --> 00:20:03,203 with workers come out and you interview them. 431 00:20:04,281 --> 00:20:05,463 There's goons, there's spies, the military police. 432 00:20:06,513 --> 00:20:07,346 So you do everything in a clandestine manner. 433 00:20:09,433 --> 00:20:10,832 We're about to start the meeting, 434 00:20:10,832 --> 00:20:12,633 and in walk three guys, 435 00:20:12,633 --> 00:20:13,466 very tough-looking guys. 436 00:20:14,401 --> 00:20:15,550 The company had found out about our meeting 437 00:20:16,441 --> 00:20:17,411 and sent these spies. 438 00:20:17,411 --> 00:20:18,423 Obviously, we didn't have the meeting, 439 00:20:19,543 --> 00:20:20,493 but these young girls were really bright. 440 00:20:21,583 --> 00:20:23,001 And as they were leaving 441 00:20:23,001 --> 00:20:24,662 away from the eyesight of the spies, 442 00:20:24,662 --> 00:20:25,713 they started to put their hands underneath the table. 443 00:20:27,433 --> 00:20:28,641 And I put my palm under there, 444 00:20:28,641 --> 00:20:29,474 I put my hand under there, 445 00:20:29,474 --> 00:20:31,333 and they put into my my hand their pay stubs, 446 00:20:32,492 --> 00:20:35,172 so we'd know who they were, what they were paid, 447 00:20:35,172 --> 00:20:36,240 and the labels that they made in the factory 448 00:20:37,171 --> 00:20:38,004 so we'd know who they work for. 449 00:20:39,033 --> 00:20:40,820 And I took my hand out after everyone had left 450 00:20:41,983 --> 00:20:42,960 and in the palm of my hand 451 00:20:42,960 --> 00:20:43,793 was the face of Kathie Lee Gifford. 452 00:20:45,463 --> 00:20:47,350 But the bottom of it is the interesting part, 453 00:20:47,350 --> 00:20:50,022 "A portion of the proceeds from the sale of this garment 454 00:20:50,022 --> 00:20:52,107 "will be donated to various Children's Charities." 455 00:20:53,307 --> 00:20:54,353 It's very touching, gets you right here. 456 00:20:55,798 --> 00:20:57,320 Walmart is telling you if you purchase these pants 457 00:20:58,177 --> 00:20:59,323 and Kathie Lee is telling you you purchase these pants, 458 00:21:00,525 --> 00:21:01,638 you're gonna help children. 459 00:21:01,638 --> 00:21:04,233 The problem was the people handed us the label 460 00:21:04,233 --> 00:21:05,983 were 13 years of age. 461 00:21:06,902 --> 00:21:08,336 Do many people in her family work? 462 00:21:08,336 --> 00:21:09,169 (speaking in a foreign language) 463 00:21:09,169 --> 00:21:10,034 - [Interpreter] Just me. 464 00:21:10,034 --> 00:21:11,422 - [Charles] How many people do you support? 465 00:21:11,422 --> 00:21:12,494 (speaking in a foreign language) 466 00:21:12,494 --> 00:21:13,327 - [Interpreter] Eight people. 467 00:21:13,327 --> 00:21:14,160 - [Charles] Eight people. 468 00:21:14,160 --> 00:21:15,624 And how do you do it with that salary? 469 00:21:15,624 --> 00:21:16,457 Is it enough? 470 00:21:16,457 --> 00:21:20,824 (speaking in a foreign language) 471 00:21:20,824 --> 00:21:21,823 - Let's look at it from a different point of view. 472 00:21:22,694 --> 00:21:23,540 Let's look at it from the point of view 473 00:21:24,442 --> 00:21:27,300 of the the people in Bangladesh 474 00:21:29,499 --> 00:21:31,350 who are starving to death, 475 00:21:31,350 --> 00:21:32,863 the people in China who are starving to death, 476 00:21:34,510 --> 00:21:37,160 and the only thing that they have to offer to anybody 477 00:21:38,870 --> 00:21:40,799 that is worth anything 478 00:21:40,799 --> 00:21:42,053 is their low-cost labor. 479 00:21:45,377 --> 00:21:47,670 And in effect, what they are saying to the world 480 00:21:48,600 --> 00:21:50,430 is they have this big flag 481 00:21:50,430 --> 00:21:52,383 that says, "Come over and hire us! 482 00:21:53,788 --> 00:21:55,488 "We will work for 10 cents an hour 483 00:21:56,908 --> 00:21:59,158 "because 10 cents an hour will buy us the rice 484 00:21:59,158 --> 00:21:59,991 "that we need not to starve," 485 00:22:02,230 --> 00:22:04,630 and, "Come and rescue us from our circumstance!" 486 00:22:06,179 --> 00:22:07,479 And so when Nike comes in, 487 00:22:09,968 --> 00:22:11,430 they are regarded by everybody in the community 488 00:22:12,320 --> 00:22:13,153 as an enormous godsend. 489 00:22:17,929 --> 00:22:22,096 (people shouting over each other) 490 00:22:23,236 --> 00:22:24,088 - [Charles] The door was wide open. 491 00:22:24,088 --> 00:22:24,921 - [Man] No no no no no no. 492 00:22:24,921 --> 00:22:25,780 - That's my clothes! - What are you doing? 493 00:22:25,780 --> 00:22:26,613 - [Charles] Those are my clothes! 494 00:22:26,613 --> 00:22:27,669 - [Man] This is not your clothes! 495 00:22:27,669 --> 00:22:29,620 Where's your camera? - What are you doing here? 496 00:22:29,620 --> 00:22:30,453 - [Charles] Let's leave! 497 00:22:30,453 --> 00:22:31,589 Don't touch the woman! 498 00:22:31,589 --> 00:22:32,458 - Okay, why? - Okay? 499 00:22:32,458 --> 00:22:33,291 - This is a private company. 500 00:22:34,178 --> 00:22:35,011 - [Charles] Yes. 501 00:22:35,011 --> 00:22:35,844 - Without permission, how can you come in? 502 00:22:36,858 --> 00:22:37,916 - [Charles] Uh-huh. 503 00:22:37,916 --> 00:22:38,749 Huh. 504 00:22:38,749 --> 00:22:40,037 Well, the door was wide open, and uh-- 505 00:22:41,108 --> 00:22:43,188 - The only door wide open here is for the employees, 506 00:22:43,188 --> 00:22:44,188 not for you! 507 00:22:46,556 --> 00:22:47,796 - We went through the garbage dump 508 00:22:47,796 --> 00:22:48,967 in the Dominican Republic. 509 00:22:48,967 --> 00:22:50,027 We always do this kind of stuff. 510 00:22:50,027 --> 00:22:51,236 We dig around. 511 00:22:51,236 --> 00:22:52,586 One day we found a big pile 512 00:22:53,508 --> 00:22:54,633 of Nike's internal pricing documents. 513 00:22:55,995 --> 00:22:57,593 Nike assigns a time frame to each operation. 514 00:22:58,916 --> 00:23:00,766 They don't talk about minutes. 515 00:23:00,766 --> 00:23:02,723 They break the time frame into ten thousandths of a second. 516 00:23:04,586 --> 00:23:06,755 You get to the bottom of all 22 operations 517 00:23:06,755 --> 00:23:08,213 to give the workers 6.6 minutes to make the shirt. 518 00:23:09,746 --> 00:23:10,723 It's 70 cents an hour in the Dominican Republic. 519 00:23:11,836 --> 00:23:13,563 That 6.6 minutes equals eight cents. 520 00:23:15,066 --> 00:23:16,287 These are Nike's documents. 521 00:23:16,287 --> 00:23:17,167 That means the wages come to 522 00:23:17,167 --> 00:23:18,443 three tenths of 1% of retail price. 523 00:23:20,544 --> 00:23:21,687 This is the reality. 524 00:23:21,687 --> 00:23:22,520 It's the science of exploitation. 525 00:23:24,066 --> 00:23:26,649 (spooky music) 526 00:23:35,207 --> 00:23:36,527 - What happens in the areas 527 00:23:36,527 --> 00:23:37,863 where these corporations go in and are successful? 528 00:23:39,126 --> 00:23:43,327 They soon find that they can't do any more in that country 529 00:23:44,356 --> 00:23:45,353 because the wages are too high now. 530 00:23:47,615 --> 00:23:48,675 And what's that another way of saying? 531 00:23:48,675 --> 00:23:49,508 Well, the people are no longer desperate. 532 00:23:50,407 --> 00:23:53,207 So okay, we've used up all the desperate people there. 533 00:23:53,207 --> 00:23:54,633 They're all plump and healthy and wealthy. 534 00:23:56,596 --> 00:23:57,580 Let's move on to the next desperate lot 535 00:23:58,854 --> 00:24:00,133 and employ them and raise their level up. 536 00:24:01,156 --> 00:24:03,489 (sad music) 537 00:24:12,706 --> 00:24:14,580 - Well the whole idea of the export processing zone is that 538 00:24:15,538 --> 00:24:16,720 it will be the first step towards 539 00:24:17,766 --> 00:24:18,993 this wonderful new development. 540 00:24:20,236 --> 00:24:22,073 Through the investment that's attracted to these countries, 541 00:24:22,996 --> 00:24:24,553 there will be a trickle-down effect into the communities. 542 00:24:25,586 --> 00:24:28,036 But because so many countries are now in the game 543 00:24:29,036 --> 00:24:30,523 of creating these free trade enclaves, 544 00:24:31,436 --> 00:24:33,470 they have to keep providing more and more incentives 545 00:24:34,355 --> 00:24:37,355 for companies to come to their little denationalized pocket, 546 00:24:39,164 --> 00:24:41,014 and that the tax holidays get longer. 547 00:24:42,223 --> 00:24:44,524 So the workers rarely make enough money 548 00:24:44,524 --> 00:24:46,003 to buy three meals a day, 549 00:24:46,003 --> 00:24:47,433 let alone feed their local economy. 550 00:24:48,583 --> 00:24:51,250 (ominous music) 551 00:25:17,553 --> 00:25:19,090 - Something happened in 1940 552 00:25:20,804 --> 00:25:22,804 which marked the beginning of a new era, 553 00:25:24,324 --> 00:25:27,940 the era of the ability to synthesize and create 554 00:25:29,794 --> 00:25:30,933 on an unlimited scale, 555 00:25:33,063 --> 00:25:36,532 new chemicals that had never existed before in the world. 556 00:25:36,532 --> 00:25:37,443 - [Narrator] And using the magic of research, 557 00:25:39,052 --> 00:25:40,400 oil companies compete with each other 558 00:25:41,492 --> 00:25:43,240 in taking the petroleum molecule apart 559 00:25:44,234 --> 00:25:45,163 and rearranging it into, 560 00:25:46,754 --> 00:25:48,124 well, you name it. 561 00:25:48,124 --> 00:25:49,240 - So suddenly it became possible 562 00:25:50,684 --> 00:25:53,184 to produce any new chemicals, synthetic chemicals, 563 00:25:54,183 --> 00:25:55,016 the likes of which 564 00:25:55,016 --> 00:25:56,553 had never existed before in the world, 565 00:25:56,553 --> 00:25:57,834 for any purpose 566 00:25:57,834 --> 00:25:58,703 and at virtually no cost. 567 00:25:59,871 --> 00:26:00,704 - [Narrator] Fabrics, toothbrushes. 568 00:26:02,772 --> 00:26:03,605 Tires, insecticides. 569 00:26:05,873 --> 00:26:07,073 Cosmetics, weed killers. 570 00:26:09,034 --> 00:26:10,234 A whole galaxy of things 571 00:26:11,412 --> 00:26:12,433 to make a better life on earth. 572 00:26:14,181 --> 00:26:15,836 - For instance, if you wanted to go to a chemist 573 00:26:15,836 --> 00:26:17,786 and say, "Look I want to have a chemical, 574 00:26:17,786 --> 00:26:19,264 "say a pesticide, 575 00:26:19,264 --> 00:26:21,123 "which will persist throughout the food chain, 576 00:26:22,436 --> 00:26:25,706 "and I don't want it to have to renew it very, very often. 577 00:26:25,706 --> 00:26:27,907 "I'd like it to be relatively non-destructible." 578 00:26:28,935 --> 00:26:31,670 And then he'd put two benzene molecules on the blackboard 579 00:26:32,695 --> 00:26:34,887 and add a chlorine here and a chlorine there, 580 00:26:34,887 --> 00:26:35,737 and that was DDT. 581 00:26:38,047 --> 00:26:39,727 - [Narrator] When the Eighth Army needed Jap civilians 582 00:26:39,727 --> 00:26:40,873 to help them out in our occupation, 583 00:26:41,826 --> 00:26:43,980 they called on native doctors to administer DDT 584 00:26:44,836 --> 00:26:45,669 under the supervision of our men 585 00:26:46,525 --> 00:26:47,703 to stem a potential typhus epidemic. 586 00:26:48,933 --> 00:26:51,073 Dusting like this goes a long way in checking disease, 587 00:26:52,133 --> 00:26:52,966 and the laugh's on them. 588 00:26:55,186 --> 00:26:56,255 Pardon our dust. 589 00:26:56,255 --> 00:26:59,182 (march-like music) 590 00:26:59,182 --> 00:27:02,015 (sorrowful music) 591 00:27:06,854 --> 00:27:10,323 - As the petrochemical era grew and grew, 592 00:27:12,254 --> 00:27:13,970 warning signs emerged that 593 00:27:15,334 --> 00:27:17,484 some of these chemicals could pose hazards. 594 00:27:19,673 --> 00:27:22,153 The data initially were trivial, anecdotal, 595 00:27:24,214 --> 00:27:27,110 but gradually a body of data started accumulating 596 00:27:29,113 --> 00:27:30,080 to the extent that we now know 597 00:27:31,974 --> 00:27:33,854 that these synthetic chemicals 598 00:27:33,854 --> 00:27:35,604 which have permeated our workplace, 599 00:27:36,774 --> 00:27:39,113 our consumer products, our air, our water, 600 00:27:40,742 --> 00:27:42,592 produce cancer and also birth defects 601 00:27:43,781 --> 00:27:45,444 and some other toxic effects. 602 00:27:45,444 --> 00:27:48,194 (sobering music) 603 00:28:11,273 --> 00:28:15,281 Furthermore, industry has known about this. 604 00:28:15,281 --> 00:28:16,290 At least most industries have known about this 605 00:28:17,302 --> 00:28:19,841 and have attempted to trivialize these risks. 606 00:28:19,841 --> 00:28:22,674 (afflicted music) 607 00:28:26,393 --> 00:28:27,226 If I take a gun and shoot you, 608 00:28:28,500 --> 00:28:29,549 that's criminal. 609 00:28:29,549 --> 00:28:30,820 If I expose you to some chemicals 610 00:28:31,820 --> 00:28:32,653 which knowingly are gonna kill you, 611 00:28:34,641 --> 00:28:36,279 what difference is there? 612 00:28:36,279 --> 00:28:37,143 The difference is that it takes longer to kill you. 613 00:28:40,921 --> 00:28:43,393 We are now in the midst of a major cancer epidemic, 614 00:28:44,578 --> 00:28:45,578 and I have no doubt, 615 00:28:46,620 --> 00:28:48,603 and I have documented the basis for this, 616 00:28:49,699 --> 00:28:51,770 that industry is largely responsible 617 00:28:53,540 --> 00:28:55,980 for this overwhelming epidemic of cancer 618 00:28:57,548 --> 00:29:00,380 in which one in every two men get cancer in their lifetimes 619 00:29:01,510 --> 00:29:05,180 and one in every three women get cancer in their lifetimes. 620 00:29:05,180 --> 00:29:07,847 (weighty music) 621 00:29:21,978 --> 00:29:23,128 Towards the end of 1989 622 00:29:24,609 --> 00:29:26,190 a great box of documents arrived at my office 623 00:29:27,688 --> 00:29:28,521 without any indication where they came from 624 00:29:30,510 --> 00:29:32,400 and I opened them and found in it 625 00:29:33,740 --> 00:29:34,993 a complete set of Monsanto files, 626 00:29:36,070 --> 00:29:37,609 particularly a set of files dealing 627 00:29:37,609 --> 00:29:40,010 with toxicological testing of cows 628 00:29:41,440 --> 00:29:43,229 who'd been given rBGH. 629 00:29:43,229 --> 00:29:45,921 - [Newscaster] BST, trade name Posilac, is being used 630 00:29:45,921 --> 00:29:47,660 in more than a quarter of the dairy herds 631 00:29:47,660 --> 00:29:48,869 in the United States 632 00:29:48,869 --> 00:29:50,390 according to Monsanto. 633 00:29:50,390 --> 00:29:51,223 The milk is being drunk 634 00:29:51,223 --> 00:29:52,693 by a large portion of the American population, 635 00:29:53,750 --> 00:29:56,110 since the Food and Drug Administration declared it safe 636 00:29:56,110 --> 00:29:58,590 for both cows and humans four years ago. 637 00:29:58,590 --> 00:29:59,590 - And at that time Monsanto was saying 638 00:30:00,580 --> 00:30:03,401 there's no evidence whatsoever, any adverse effects, 639 00:30:03,401 --> 00:30:04,889 "We don't use antibiotics." 640 00:30:04,889 --> 00:30:05,950 And this clearly showed 641 00:30:07,121 --> 00:30:09,071 that they had lied through their teeth. 642 00:30:10,088 --> 00:30:12,588 (eerie music) 643 00:30:16,599 --> 00:30:19,222 The files described areas of chronic information 644 00:30:19,222 --> 00:30:20,213 in the heart, lung, kidneys, spleen, 645 00:30:21,209 --> 00:30:22,920 also reproductive effects, 646 00:30:22,920 --> 00:30:24,943 also a whole series of other problems. 647 00:30:27,393 --> 00:30:28,450 - [Newscaster] It's the most comprehensive 648 00:30:28,450 --> 00:30:29,360 independent assessment of the drug 649 00:30:30,290 --> 00:30:32,640 concludes that BST results in unnecessary pain, 650 00:30:34,180 --> 00:30:35,443 suffering and distress for the cows. 651 00:30:36,772 --> 00:30:38,738 This is not acceptable for a drug 652 00:30:38,738 --> 00:30:39,953 designed simply to increase milk production. 653 00:30:42,780 --> 00:30:45,586 - It is a silly product. 654 00:30:45,586 --> 00:30:46,423 The industrial world is awash in milk. 655 00:30:47,618 --> 00:30:48,928 We're overproducing milk. 656 00:30:48,928 --> 00:30:50,906 We actually have governments around the world 657 00:30:50,906 --> 00:30:52,706 who pay farmers not to produce milk. 658 00:30:53,858 --> 00:30:56,098 So the first product Monsanto comes up with 659 00:30:56,098 --> 00:30:58,503 is a product that produces more of what we don't need. 660 00:30:59,857 --> 00:31:00,877 - Of course you'll want to inject Posilac 661 00:31:01,825 --> 00:31:02,925 to every eligible cow, 662 00:31:04,183 --> 00:31:06,263 as each cow not treated is a lost income opportunity. 663 00:31:07,895 --> 00:31:10,876 - But the problem was that use of the artificial hormone 664 00:31:10,876 --> 00:31:12,423 caused all kinds of problems for the cows, 665 00:31:13,614 --> 00:31:14,903 because something called mastitis, 666 00:31:15,815 --> 00:31:18,323 which is a very painful infection of the udders. 667 00:31:20,516 --> 00:31:22,673 When you milk the cow, if the cow has bad mastitis, 668 00:31:23,825 --> 00:31:24,658 some of the, 669 00:31:24,658 --> 00:31:26,204 and I don't know how to say this in a, you know, 670 00:31:26,204 --> 00:31:28,135 I hope people aren't watching at dinnertime, 671 00:31:28,135 --> 00:31:29,600 but the pus from the infection of the udders 672 00:31:30,705 --> 00:31:32,185 ends up in the milk, 673 00:31:32,185 --> 00:31:34,295 and the somatic cell count they call it, 674 00:31:34,295 --> 00:31:36,393 the bacteria count inside your milk goes up. 675 00:31:38,612 --> 00:31:39,445 - There's a cost to the cows. 676 00:31:41,141 --> 00:31:43,023 The cows gets sicker when they're injected with rBGH. 677 00:31:44,753 --> 00:31:45,593 They're injected with antibiotics. 678 00:31:48,062 --> 00:31:49,012 We know that people 679 00:31:50,383 --> 00:31:51,533 are consuming antibiotics through their food, 680 00:31:52,761 --> 00:31:53,594 and we know that that's contributing to 681 00:31:54,441 --> 00:31:56,273 antibiotic-resistant bacteria and diseases. 682 00:31:57,140 --> 00:31:58,532 And we know we're at a crisis 683 00:31:58,532 --> 00:32:00,111 when somebody can go into a hospital 684 00:32:00,111 --> 00:32:01,822 and get a staph infection 685 00:32:01,822 --> 00:32:02,853 and it can't be cured and they die. 686 00:32:04,153 --> 00:32:05,486 That's a crisis. 687 00:32:06,622 --> 00:32:07,923 - Bad for the cow, 688 00:32:07,923 --> 00:32:09,571 bad for the farmer, 689 00:32:09,571 --> 00:32:10,583 bad potentially for the consumer. 690 00:32:11,753 --> 00:32:12,942 The jury is out. 691 00:32:12,942 --> 00:32:15,091 We see a lot of conflicting evidence 692 00:32:15,091 --> 00:32:15,924 about potential health risks 693 00:32:16,833 --> 00:32:18,319 and of course as a consumer, 694 00:32:18,319 --> 00:32:19,943 my belief is why should I take any risk? 695 00:32:21,582 --> 00:32:24,249 (serious music) 696 00:32:26,190 --> 00:32:27,640 - [Narrator] Factory farm cows have not been 697 00:32:27,640 --> 00:32:28,973 the only victims of Monsanto products. 698 00:32:30,459 --> 00:32:33,409 Large areas of Vietnam were deforested by the U.S. military 699 00:32:34,490 --> 00:32:36,339 using Monsanto's Agent Orange. 700 00:32:36,339 --> 00:32:39,899 (dreadful music) 701 00:32:39,899 --> 00:32:41,470 The toxic herbicide reportedly caused 702 00:32:41,470 --> 00:32:42,683 over 50,000 birth defects, 703 00:32:43,968 --> 00:32:45,641 as well as hundreds of thousands of cancers 704 00:32:45,641 --> 00:32:47,070 in Vietnamese civilians and soldiers 705 00:32:48,430 --> 00:32:50,623 and in former American troops serving in Southeast Asia. 706 00:32:53,270 --> 00:32:54,113 Unlike the Vietnamese victims, 707 00:32:55,249 --> 00:32:57,020 U.S. Vietnam veterans exposed to Agent Orange 708 00:32:58,097 --> 00:33:00,263 were able to sue Monsanto for causing their illnesses. 709 00:33:02,630 --> 00:33:04,439 Monsanto settled out of court, 710 00:33:04,439 --> 00:33:05,593 paying $80 million in damages, 711 00:33:08,258 --> 00:33:10,591 but it never admitted guilt. 712 00:33:11,550 --> 00:33:14,467 (unfriendly music) 713 00:33:32,849 --> 00:33:34,373 - Sleeping in a motel in Brewer, Maine one night, 714 00:33:36,479 --> 00:33:38,490 I woke up with terrible hay fever and my eyes were burning 715 00:33:39,378 --> 00:33:40,475 and I looked out at the river 716 00:33:40,475 --> 00:33:42,698 and there were great mounds of white foam 717 00:33:42,698 --> 00:33:44,178 going right down the river, 718 00:33:44,178 --> 00:33:45,487 and the next morning I got up 719 00:33:45,487 --> 00:33:47,396 and I said, "My god, what was that happening last night?" 720 00:33:47,396 --> 00:33:48,616 He said, "Oh, that's just the river." 721 00:33:48,616 --> 00:33:49,548 And I said, "What do you mean?" 722 00:33:49,548 --> 00:33:51,399 He said, "Well look, every night the paper company 723 00:33:51,399 --> 00:33:52,337 "send this stuff down the river." 724 00:33:53,866 --> 00:33:55,148 I said, "What are you talking about?" 725 00:33:55,148 --> 00:33:56,619 And he said, "Don't you understand, 726 00:33:56,619 --> 00:33:58,148 "that's how we get rid of the effluent 727 00:33:58,148 --> 00:34:00,129 "from the paper mills." 728 00:34:00,129 --> 00:34:01,158 Well I knew at that time, 729 00:34:01,158 --> 00:34:01,991 I'd been in a business, 730 00:34:01,991 --> 00:34:03,591 I'd sold oil to the paper mills, 731 00:34:04,540 --> 00:34:05,547 I knew all the owners, 732 00:34:05,547 --> 00:34:06,427 I'd been in politics, 733 00:34:06,427 --> 00:34:07,900 I knew the people in the towns, 734 00:34:07,900 --> 00:34:10,150 I knew not one constituent of the paper mills 735 00:34:11,304 --> 00:34:12,333 wanted to have the river polluted, 736 00:34:13,289 --> 00:34:14,422 and yet here the river was being polluted. 737 00:34:15,697 --> 00:34:17,723 And it was more or less as if we created a doom machine. 738 00:34:19,438 --> 00:34:22,438 In our search for wealth and and for prosperity 739 00:34:22,438 --> 00:34:24,068 we created something that's gonna destroy us. 740 00:34:24,068 --> 00:34:26,400 (sad music) 741 00:34:32,268 --> 00:34:33,389 - The traders who are involved in the market 742 00:34:34,337 --> 00:34:35,837 are not guys whose moral fiber 743 00:34:37,116 --> 00:34:38,260 when it comes to environmental conditions 744 00:34:39,100 --> 00:34:40,617 are gonna be be rattled at all. 745 00:34:42,369 --> 00:34:43,433 They're seeing dollars and they're making money. 746 00:34:45,065 --> 00:34:46,659 Brokers don't stay away from copper 747 00:34:46,659 --> 00:34:49,599 because it violates their religious beliefs 748 00:34:49,599 --> 00:34:51,672 or their environmental policies, no. 749 00:34:54,170 --> 00:34:55,523 You think about it, but (laughs) it's fleeting. 750 00:34:57,770 --> 00:35:00,169 (laughs) It really is a fleeting moment. 751 00:35:00,169 --> 00:35:02,257 It's like, "Oh yeah, oh yeah, well, 752 00:35:02,257 --> 00:35:04,119 "the town being polluted down there in Peru, 753 00:35:04,119 --> 00:35:05,807 "but hey, this guy needs to buy some copper," 754 00:35:07,399 --> 00:35:11,018 and getting paid a commission too. 755 00:35:11,018 --> 00:35:13,989 Our information that we receive does not include 756 00:35:13,989 --> 00:35:14,870 anything about the environmental conditions 757 00:35:16,079 --> 00:35:18,258 because until the environmental conditions 758 00:35:18,258 --> 00:35:19,829 become a commodity themselves 759 00:35:19,829 --> 00:35:20,949 or are being traded, 760 00:35:20,949 --> 00:35:23,583 then obviously we will not have anything to do with that. 761 00:35:24,448 --> 00:35:25,533 It doesn't come into our psyche at all. 762 00:35:27,988 --> 00:35:28,989 It's so far away 763 00:35:28,989 --> 00:35:30,873 and you hardly hear anything about it. 764 00:35:31,759 --> 00:35:33,279 Keep in mind, there are things going on 765 00:35:33,279 --> 00:35:34,112 right in our backyards for God's sake. 766 00:35:36,927 --> 00:35:38,578 We trade live hogs. 767 00:35:38,578 --> 00:35:39,980 There are so many pigs in the state of Carolina 768 00:35:40,927 --> 00:35:42,349 that it's polluting the rivers, 769 00:35:42,349 --> 00:35:44,399 but how often do you find out about that? 770 00:35:45,829 --> 00:35:48,496 (weighty music) 771 00:35:51,169 --> 00:35:53,449 - At Multinational Monitor we put together a list 772 00:35:53,449 --> 00:35:55,649 of the top corporate criminals of the 1990s. 773 00:35:57,598 --> 00:35:59,300 We went back and looked at all of the criminal fines 774 00:36:00,307 --> 00:36:02,143 that corporations had paid in the decade. 775 00:36:04,137 --> 00:36:07,080 Exxon pled guilty in connection to federal criminal charges 776 00:36:07,969 --> 00:36:09,569 with the Valdez spill 777 00:36:09,569 --> 00:36:11,569 and paid $125 million in criminal fines. 778 00:36:12,969 --> 00:36:13,890 General Electric was guilty 779 00:36:14,887 --> 00:36:16,489 of defrauding the federal government 780 00:36:16,489 --> 00:36:18,433 and paid $9.5 million in criminal fines. 781 00:36:19,318 --> 00:36:21,746 Chevron was guilty of environmental violations 782 00:36:21,746 --> 00:36:24,035 and paid $6.5 million in fines. 783 00:36:24,035 --> 00:36:26,249 Mitsubishi was guilty of antitrust violation 784 00:36:26,249 --> 00:36:27,619 and paid $1.8 million in fines. 785 00:36:27,619 --> 00:36:30,187 IBM was guilty of illegal exports and paid $8.5 million. 786 00:36:30,187 --> 00:36:33,467 Kodak was guilty of environmental violations and paid 787 00:36:33,467 --> 00:36:35,057 $1 million in fines. Pfizer the drug manufacturer 788 00:36:35,057 --> 00:36:36,649 was guilty of antitrust violations. 789 00:36:36,649 --> 00:36:38,758 Odwalla was guilty. And paid $20 million in fines. 790 00:36:38,758 --> 00:36:40,299 Of Food and Drug Regulatory violations 791 00:36:40,299 --> 00:36:41,907 and paid $1.5 million in fines. 792 00:36:41,907 --> 00:36:42,849 Sears was guilty of financial fraud. 793 00:36:42,849 --> 00:36:43,769 Blue Cross Blue Shield of Illinois. 794 00:36:43,769 --> 00:36:46,436 (cross-talking) 795 00:36:53,246 --> 00:36:55,915 Roche, guilty of antitrust violation, 796 00:36:55,915 --> 00:36:57,593 paid $500 million in criminal fines. 797 00:37:03,274 --> 00:37:04,390 - Again and again we have the problem that 798 00:37:05,475 --> 00:37:06,308 whether you obey the law or not 799 00:37:07,377 --> 00:37:08,503 is a matter whether it's cost-effective. 800 00:37:09,834 --> 00:37:11,300 If the chance of getting caught and the penalty 801 00:37:12,833 --> 00:37:14,493 are less than it costs to comply, 802 00:37:15,915 --> 00:37:18,173 people think of it as being just a business decision. 803 00:37:20,691 --> 00:37:23,291 - Drawing the metaphor of the early attempts to fly. 804 00:37:24,153 --> 00:37:24,986 (exploding) 805 00:37:24,986 --> 00:37:27,653 (curious music) 806 00:37:34,315 --> 00:37:37,183 The man going off of a very high cliff in his airplane, 807 00:37:38,475 --> 00:37:39,864 with the wings flapping, 808 00:37:39,864 --> 00:37:41,705 and the guys flapping the wings, 809 00:37:41,705 --> 00:37:43,854 and the wind is in his face. 810 00:37:43,854 --> 00:37:44,960 And this poor fool thinks he's flying 811 00:37:45,934 --> 00:37:46,970 but in fact he's in free fall 812 00:37:48,233 --> 00:37:49,730 and he just doesn't know it yet 813 00:37:50,585 --> 00:37:51,803 because the ground is so far away, 814 00:37:53,214 --> 00:37:55,364 but of course the craft is doomed to crash. 815 00:38:00,042 --> 00:38:01,574 That's the way our civilization is. 816 00:38:01,574 --> 00:38:02,890 The very high cliff represents 817 00:38:03,772 --> 00:38:06,322 the virtually unlimited resources we seemed to have 818 00:38:07,383 --> 00:38:08,216 when we began this journey. 819 00:38:09,614 --> 00:38:10,580 The craft isn't flying 820 00:38:11,825 --> 00:38:12,835 because it's not built 821 00:38:12,835 --> 00:38:14,323 according to the laws of aerodynamics, 822 00:38:15,614 --> 00:38:16,783 and it's subject to the law of gravity. 823 00:38:17,945 --> 00:38:19,763 Our civilization is not flying 824 00:38:19,763 --> 00:38:22,613 because it's not built according the laws of aerodynamics 825 00:38:23,625 --> 00:38:24,693 for civilizations that would fly. 826 00:38:26,323 --> 00:38:27,953 And of course the ground is still a long way away, 827 00:38:29,225 --> 00:38:31,625 but some people have seen that ground rushing up 828 00:38:32,963 --> 00:38:34,654 sooner than the rest of us have. 829 00:38:34,654 --> 00:38:35,780 The visionaries have seen it 830 00:38:36,643 --> 00:38:37,603 and have told us it's coming. 831 00:38:40,734 --> 00:38:44,060 There's not a single scientific peer-reviewed paper 832 00:38:45,603 --> 00:38:46,980 published in the last 25 years 833 00:38:48,214 --> 00:38:49,514 that would contradict this 834 00:38:52,145 --> 00:38:52,978 scenario. 835 00:38:54,353 --> 00:38:56,633 Every living system of Earth is in decline. 836 00:38:58,075 --> 00:39:00,633 Every life support system of earth is in decline. 837 00:39:02,305 --> 00:39:04,013 And these together constitute the biosphere, 838 00:39:05,345 --> 00:39:08,344 the biosphere that supports and nurtures all of life, 839 00:39:08,344 --> 00:39:11,294 and not just our life, but perhaps 30 million other species 840 00:39:12,545 --> 00:39:13,570 that share this planet with us. 841 00:39:14,715 --> 00:39:17,632 (thoughtful music) 842 00:39:20,074 --> 00:39:21,303 The typical company of the 20th century, 843 00:39:22,953 --> 00:39:24,903 the extractive, wasteful, abusive linea 844 00:39:26,305 --> 00:39:27,138 and all of its processes, 845 00:39:28,263 --> 00:39:30,153 taking from the earth, making, wasting, 846 00:39:31,265 --> 00:39:32,973 sending its products back to the biosphere, 847 00:39:34,417 --> 00:39:36,084 waste to a landfill. 848 00:39:39,025 --> 00:39:40,425 I myself was amazed to learn 849 00:39:41,745 --> 00:39:43,945 just how much stuff the earth has to produce 850 00:39:45,625 --> 00:39:46,670 through our extraction process 851 00:39:47,815 --> 00:39:49,483 to produce a dollar of revenue for our company. 852 00:39:50,326 --> 00:39:52,017 When I learned, I was flabbergasted. 853 00:39:52,017 --> 00:39:55,100 (machinery whirring) 854 00:40:00,212 --> 00:40:03,340 We're leaving a terrible legacy of poisoning 855 00:40:05,516 --> 00:40:07,266 and diminishment of the environment 856 00:40:09,742 --> 00:40:11,533 for our grandchildren's grandchildren, 857 00:40:13,421 --> 00:40:14,593 generations not yet born. 858 00:40:16,593 --> 00:40:18,330 Some people have called that intergenerational tyranny 859 00:40:19,602 --> 00:40:21,520 a form of taxation without representation 860 00:40:23,164 --> 00:40:25,064 levied by us on generations yet to be. 861 00:40:30,004 --> 00:40:32,254 It's the wrong thing to do. 862 00:40:35,814 --> 00:40:37,882 - One of the questions that comes up periodically 863 00:40:37,882 --> 00:40:39,240 is to what extent could a corporation be 864 00:40:40,564 --> 00:40:42,083 considered to be psychopathic. 865 00:40:43,743 --> 00:40:45,663 And if we look at a corporation as a legal person, 866 00:40:46,644 --> 00:40:47,894 then it may not be that difficult 867 00:40:47,894 --> 00:40:49,673 to actually draw the transition 868 00:40:49,673 --> 00:40:51,745 between psychopathy in the individual 869 00:40:51,745 --> 00:40:53,193 to psychopathy in a corporation. 870 00:40:54,523 --> 00:40:55,884 We can go through the characteristics 871 00:40:55,884 --> 00:40:58,234 that define this particular disorder one by one 872 00:40:59,073 --> 00:41:00,443 and see how they might apply to corporations. 873 00:41:01,404 --> 00:41:03,987 (creepy music) 874 00:41:10,793 --> 00:41:11,626 They would have all the characteristics. 875 00:41:12,664 --> 00:41:15,713 And in fact, in many respects, a corporation of that sort 876 00:41:15,713 --> 00:41:17,742 is as a prototypical psychopath. 877 00:41:17,742 --> 00:41:20,242 (eerie music) 878 00:41:24,374 --> 00:41:25,510 - [Narrator] If the dominant institution of our time 879 00:41:26,422 --> 00:41:27,663 has been created in the image of a psychopath, 880 00:41:29,121 --> 00:41:31,153 who bears the moral responsibility for its actions? 881 00:41:34,681 --> 00:41:35,993 - Can a building have moral opinions? 882 00:41:37,481 --> 00:41:38,823 Can a building have social responsibility? 883 00:41:40,201 --> 00:41:41,593 If a building can't have social responsibility, 884 00:41:42,701 --> 00:41:44,043 what does it mean to say that a corporation can? 885 00:41:45,433 --> 00:41:48,723 A corporation is simply a artificial legal structure, 886 00:41:50,332 --> 00:41:51,263 but the people who are engaged in it, 887 00:41:52,353 --> 00:41:55,103 whether the stockholders, whether the executives in it, 888 00:41:56,132 --> 00:41:56,965 whether the employees, 889 00:41:57,833 --> 00:41:59,033 they all have moral responsibilities. 890 00:42:00,321 --> 00:42:03,728 (simple electronic music) 891 00:42:03,728 --> 00:42:05,073 - It's a fair assumption that every human being, 892 00:42:06,438 --> 00:42:08,613 real human beings, flesh-and-blood ones, not corporations, 893 00:42:09,758 --> 00:42:11,623 but every flesh-and-blood human being is a moral person. 894 00:42:13,616 --> 00:42:14,698 Got the same genes, 895 00:42:14,698 --> 00:42:15,531 we're more or less the same, 896 00:42:16,646 --> 00:42:19,473 but our nature, the nature of humans, 897 00:42:20,756 --> 00:42:21,589 allows all kinds of behavior. 898 00:42:22,897 --> 00:42:25,347 Every one of us under some circumstances could be 899 00:42:27,817 --> 00:42:29,853 a gas chamber attendant and a saint. 900 00:42:33,345 --> 00:42:36,010 - No job in my experience with Goodyear 901 00:42:37,825 --> 00:42:39,963 has been as frustrating as the CEO job, 902 00:42:41,646 --> 00:42:43,340 because even though the perception is 903 00:42:44,196 --> 00:42:45,983 that you have absolute power to do whatever you want, 904 00:42:46,886 --> 00:42:48,623 the reality is you don't have that power. 905 00:42:49,676 --> 00:42:51,676 Sometimes if you had really a free hand, 906 00:42:52,836 --> 00:42:54,530 if you really did what you wanted to do 907 00:42:55,396 --> 00:42:58,713 that suits you personal sorts and your personal priorities, 908 00:43:00,126 --> 00:43:01,724 you'd act differently, 909 00:43:01,724 --> 00:43:02,843 but as a CEO you cannot do that. 910 00:43:04,857 --> 00:43:06,130 Layoffs have become so widespread 911 00:43:07,406 --> 00:43:11,823 that people tend to believe that CEOs make these decisions 912 00:43:12,836 --> 00:43:14,286 without any consideration 913 00:43:14,286 --> 00:43:16,353 to the human implications of their decisions. 914 00:43:17,297 --> 00:43:19,953 It is never a decision that any CEO makes lightly. 915 00:43:21,737 --> 00:43:23,654 It is a tough decision, 916 00:43:25,404 --> 00:43:30,083 but it is the consequence of modern capitalism. 917 00:43:32,196 --> 00:43:33,644 - When you look at a corporation, 918 00:43:33,644 --> 00:43:35,323 just like when you look at a slave owner, 919 00:43:36,785 --> 00:43:37,756 you want to distinguish 920 00:43:37,756 --> 00:43:38,873 between the institution and individual. 921 00:43:40,482 --> 00:43:41,733 So slavery for example, 922 00:43:42,985 --> 00:43:44,263 or other forms of tyranny, 923 00:43:45,276 --> 00:43:46,443 are inherently monsters, 924 00:43:47,674 --> 00:43:48,960 but the individuals participating in them 925 00:43:49,892 --> 00:43:50,983 may be the nicest guys you can imagine, 926 00:43:52,312 --> 00:43:53,362 benevolent, friendly, 927 00:43:54,212 --> 00:43:55,502 nice to the children, 928 00:43:55,502 --> 00:43:56,503 even nice to their slaves, 929 00:43:57,902 --> 00:43:59,243 caring about other people. 930 00:44:00,763 --> 00:44:01,596 As individuals they may be anything, 931 00:44:04,290 --> 00:44:05,920 as in their institutional role they're monsters 932 00:44:06,789 --> 00:44:07,622 because the institution's monsters, 933 00:44:09,018 --> 00:44:11,960 and the same is true here. 934 00:44:11,960 --> 00:44:13,360 - My wife and I some years ago 935 00:44:14,298 --> 00:44:15,943 had at our home a demonstration. 936 00:44:18,290 --> 00:44:19,669 25 people arrived. 937 00:44:19,669 --> 00:44:22,480 They hung a big banner on the top of our house 938 00:44:22,480 --> 00:44:24,160 saying "murderers." 939 00:44:24,160 --> 00:44:26,437 They danced around outside in gas masks and so on. 940 00:45:02,350 --> 00:45:03,843 - As a public demonstration it wasn't very effective. 941 00:45:04,933 --> 00:45:05,984 There were only two, 942 00:45:05,984 --> 00:45:07,333 this is a very rural area, 943 00:45:07,333 --> 00:45:08,354 two people and a dog, 944 00:45:08,354 --> 00:45:09,424 and it's not a very big house, 945 00:45:09,424 --> 00:45:10,257 which I think rather surprised them. 946 00:45:11,853 --> 00:45:12,740 But then we sat down and talked to them 947 00:45:14,045 --> 00:45:15,173 for a couple of hours 948 00:45:15,173 --> 00:45:16,723 and we gave them tea and coffee 949 00:45:17,685 --> 00:45:18,518 and they had lunch on our lawn. 950 00:45:35,632 --> 00:45:36,923 - And after about 20 minutes they said, 951 00:45:38,085 --> 00:45:40,525 "Well the problem's not you, it's Shell." 952 00:45:40,525 --> 00:45:41,761 I said, "Oh, wait a minute. 953 00:45:41,761 --> 00:45:43,253 "Let's talk about what is Shell. 954 00:45:44,630 --> 00:45:45,463 "It's made up of people like me." 955 00:45:46,454 --> 00:45:47,860 In the end what we found in that discussion 956 00:45:48,792 --> 00:45:49,663 was all the things that they were worried about, 957 00:45:50,504 --> 00:45:52,040 I was worried about as well, 958 00:45:52,040 --> 00:45:52,873 climate, 959 00:45:54,061 --> 00:45:55,493 oppressive regimes, human rights. 960 00:45:56,650 --> 00:45:57,880 The big difference between us was 961 00:45:59,341 --> 00:46:01,563 I feel that I actually can make a contribution to this. 962 00:46:02,430 --> 00:46:03,710 These people were frustrated 963 00:46:03,710 --> 00:46:05,323 because they felt they had nothing to do. 964 00:46:06,702 --> 00:46:08,353 - So an individual CEO, let's say, 965 00:46:09,590 --> 00:46:11,490 may really care about the environment, 966 00:46:12,571 --> 00:46:14,463 and in fact since they have such extraordinary resources, 967 00:46:15,491 --> 00:46:17,270 they can even devote some of their resources to that 968 00:46:18,119 --> 00:46:20,019 without violating their responsibility 969 00:46:22,011 --> 00:46:22,844 to be totally inhuman. 970 00:46:24,753 --> 00:46:25,742 - [Narrator] Which is why 971 00:46:25,742 --> 00:46:27,473 as the Moody-Stuarts served tea to protesters, 972 00:46:28,742 --> 00:46:30,963 Shell Nigeria can flare unrivaled amounts of gas, 973 00:46:32,201 --> 00:46:34,054 making it one of the world's single worst 974 00:46:34,054 --> 00:46:34,887 sources of pollution. 975 00:46:37,003 --> 00:46:38,270 And all the professed concerns about the environment 976 00:46:39,713 --> 00:46:42,040 do not spare Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight other activists 977 00:46:43,173 --> 00:46:44,513 from being hanged 978 00:46:44,513 --> 00:46:45,910 for opposing Shell's environmental practices 979 00:46:47,163 --> 00:46:48,342 in the Niger Delta. 980 00:46:48,342 --> 00:46:50,925 (somber music) 981 00:46:57,479 --> 00:46:58,606 - The corporation is not a person. 982 00:46:58,606 --> 00:46:59,641 It doesn't think. 983 00:46:59,641 --> 00:47:00,744 People in it think. 984 00:47:00,744 --> 00:47:02,140 And for them it is legitimate 985 00:47:03,144 --> 00:47:04,100 to create Terminator technology 986 00:47:05,744 --> 00:47:08,413 so that farmers are not able to save their seeds, 987 00:47:10,565 --> 00:47:13,823 seeds that will destroy themselves through a suicide gene, 988 00:47:15,902 --> 00:47:18,852 seeds that are designed to only produce crop in one season. 989 00:47:21,064 --> 00:47:22,483 You really need to have a brutal mind. 990 00:47:23,725 --> 00:47:24,610 It's a war against evolution 991 00:47:25,765 --> 00:47:26,953 to even think in those terms, 992 00:47:28,194 --> 00:47:29,664 but quite clearly, 993 00:47:29,664 --> 00:47:31,703 profits are so much higher in their minds. 994 00:47:33,752 --> 00:47:35,802 - [Narrator] The profit motive which drove Fudsy 995 00:47:35,802 --> 00:47:37,670 to accomplish so much may bring out the evil 996 00:47:40,089 --> 00:47:42,550 as well as the good. 997 00:47:42,550 --> 00:47:43,383 (phones ringing) 998 00:47:43,383 --> 00:47:44,216 - [Both Men] Hello? 999 00:47:47,998 --> 00:47:48,990 - My work spans all industry sectors 1000 00:47:49,900 --> 00:47:53,363 I virtually have worked for I'd say 25% of the Fortune 500. 1001 00:47:56,278 --> 00:47:57,953 I've posed as an investment banker. 1002 00:47:58,790 --> 00:48:00,763 I've posed as a venture capitalist. 1003 00:48:02,958 --> 00:48:04,358 I set up front companies 1004 00:48:04,358 --> 00:48:07,933 that are executive recruiting firms. 1005 00:48:10,138 --> 00:48:11,888 Essentially I'm a spy 1006 00:48:14,278 --> 00:48:15,340 I'll locate your employees 1007 00:48:16,516 --> 00:48:17,766 and I will tell them that 1008 00:48:18,718 --> 00:48:20,060 I'm calling from Acme Recruiting Agency 1009 00:48:20,958 --> 00:48:22,841 and that I've got a job 1010 00:48:22,841 --> 00:48:25,710 that pays them considerably more than what they're paying, 1011 00:48:25,710 --> 00:48:27,283 would they mind meeting me for an interview. 1012 00:48:28,609 --> 00:48:30,721 And when the executive shows up, 1013 00:48:30,721 --> 00:48:32,520 what he doesn't realize is I'm actually debriefing him 1014 00:48:33,681 --> 00:48:34,514 on behalf of a competitor 1015 00:48:35,409 --> 00:48:36,658 and that there is no job, 1016 00:48:36,658 --> 00:48:39,569 and that the office that he's at has been rented, 1017 00:48:39,569 --> 00:48:42,423 and the picture on my desk of my family is a phony, 1018 00:48:43,750 --> 00:48:46,010 and it's all just a big elaborate ruse 1019 00:48:47,150 --> 00:48:50,763 to glean competitive information from from him. 1020 00:48:52,977 --> 00:48:54,894 I don't feel any guilt. 1021 00:48:55,782 --> 00:48:56,615 You know what? 1022 00:48:56,615 --> 00:48:59,165 You have to expect that guys like me are out there. 1023 00:49:03,852 --> 00:49:05,150 We're predators. 1024 00:49:05,150 --> 00:49:07,650 (scary music) 1025 00:49:12,329 --> 00:49:13,550 It's about competition. 1026 00:49:13,550 --> 00:49:14,848 It's about market share. 1027 00:49:14,848 --> 00:49:16,870 It's about being aggressive. 1028 00:49:16,870 --> 00:49:17,703 It's about shareholder value. 1029 00:49:19,020 --> 00:49:21,841 What is your stock at today? 1030 00:49:21,841 --> 00:49:23,174 If you're a CEO, 1031 00:49:26,169 --> 00:49:28,210 do you think your shareholders really care 1032 00:49:29,287 --> 00:49:30,120 whether you're Billy Buttercup or not? 1033 00:49:31,801 --> 00:49:34,601 Do you think that they would prefer you to be a nice guy 1034 00:49:37,881 --> 00:49:39,470 over having money in their pocket? 1035 00:49:39,470 --> 00:49:41,260 I don't think so. 1036 00:49:41,260 --> 00:49:42,727 I think people want money. 1037 00:49:42,727 --> 00:49:44,441 That's the bottom line. 1038 00:49:44,441 --> 00:49:45,630 - The fact that most of these companies 1039 00:49:45,630 --> 00:49:47,480 are run by white men, white rich men, 1040 00:49:49,230 --> 00:49:50,950 means that they are out of touch 1041 00:49:50,950 --> 00:49:51,953 with what the majority of the world is, 1042 00:49:52,921 --> 00:49:54,570 because the majority of this planet 1043 00:49:54,570 --> 00:49:55,523 are not a bunch of rich white guys. 1044 00:49:57,110 --> 00:49:58,723 They're people of other colors, they're the majority, 1045 00:49:59,860 --> 00:50:00,693 women are the majority, 1046 00:50:01,629 --> 00:50:03,079 and the poor and working poor 1047 00:50:04,140 --> 00:50:05,343 make up the majority of this planet. 1048 00:50:06,530 --> 00:50:08,800 So the decisions that they make come from 1049 00:50:11,332 --> 00:50:13,782 not the reality that exists throughout the world. 1050 00:50:15,070 --> 00:50:16,509 How much is enough? 1051 00:50:16,509 --> 00:50:17,819 How much is enough? 1052 00:50:17,819 --> 00:50:19,410 If you are a billionaire, 1053 00:50:19,410 --> 00:50:20,583 would it be okay just to be a half a billionaire? 1054 00:50:21,541 --> 00:50:22,390 Wouldn't it be okay for your company 1055 00:50:23,251 --> 00:50:25,004 to make a little less money if it meant... 1056 00:50:25,004 --> 00:50:26,450 When I bought those two airplane tickets 1057 00:50:27,692 --> 00:50:29,193 for Phil Knight and myself to fly to Indonesia, 1058 00:50:30,875 --> 00:50:34,107 I was prepared for him to say, "Okay, let's go." 1059 00:50:34,107 --> 00:50:34,940 Sunday? 1060 00:50:34,940 --> 00:50:36,047 - Oh no, (laughs) not a chance. 1061 00:50:36,047 --> 00:50:37,025 - Huh? - Not a chance. 1062 00:50:37,025 --> 00:50:37,996 - No? - No, but-- 1063 00:50:37,996 --> 00:50:38,885 - They're transferable. 1064 00:50:38,885 --> 00:50:40,103 I can change it to another day. 1065 00:50:40,103 --> 00:50:41,153 And call me on it, call my bluff, 1066 00:50:42,327 --> 00:50:43,306 he's a smart guy, 1067 00:50:43,306 --> 00:50:44,877 he's not stupid, 1068 00:50:44,877 --> 00:50:45,710 and so I thought, "Okay, get ready for this," 1069 00:50:46,749 --> 00:50:48,410 especially because I bought first-class tickets 1070 00:50:49,586 --> 00:50:51,123 so it'd be a comfortable ride at least. 1071 00:50:54,597 --> 00:50:55,883 And of course he tells me then on camera. 1072 00:50:57,127 --> 00:50:58,465 - [Phil] I've never been to Indonesia. 1073 00:50:58,465 --> 00:51:00,378 - (laughs) I'm taken aback by this. 1074 00:51:00,378 --> 00:51:02,045 I can't believe that the guy is the head of the company, 1075 00:51:02,045 --> 00:51:04,083 has never walked through his own factories. 1076 00:51:04,986 --> 00:51:05,906 Oh, well you've gotta go. 1077 00:51:05,906 --> 00:51:07,713 - No, I can't go between now and the rest of this year. 1078 00:51:08,818 --> 00:51:09,670 - When we were done filming he calls me up 1079 00:51:11,567 --> 00:51:12,400 a couple weeks later and he goes, 1080 00:51:13,698 --> 00:51:14,893 "I may have a chance to go there with you, 1081 00:51:16,797 --> 00:51:18,836 "to the factories. 1082 00:51:18,836 --> 00:51:19,790 "I'm going to the Australian Open 1083 00:51:21,818 --> 00:51:22,651 "to watch some tennis, 1084 00:51:24,247 --> 00:51:26,823 "and (laughs) maybe I can get up there, 1085 00:51:28,904 --> 00:51:29,737 "or at least you can go there. 1086 00:51:31,806 --> 00:51:32,827 "Would you like to go to the Australian Open?" 1087 00:51:33,698 --> 00:51:35,781 (laughs) 1088 00:51:37,018 --> 00:51:38,660 - For 21 years I never gave a thought 1089 00:51:39,896 --> 00:51:42,846 to what we were taking from the earth or doing to the earth 1090 00:51:44,386 --> 00:51:45,219 in the making of our products, 1091 00:51:46,258 --> 00:51:48,190 and then in the summer of 1994 1092 00:51:49,906 --> 00:51:51,350 we began to hear questions from our customers 1093 00:51:52,305 --> 00:51:53,607 we've never heard before, 1094 00:51:53,607 --> 00:51:54,697 "What's your company doing for the environment?" 1095 00:51:56,578 --> 00:51:58,167 And we didn't have answers. 1096 00:51:58,167 --> 00:51:59,383 The real answer was not very much, 1097 00:52:00,776 --> 00:52:02,383 and it really disturbed many of our people, 1098 00:52:03,677 --> 00:52:04,613 not me so much as them. 1099 00:52:05,933 --> 00:52:07,410 And a group in our research department 1100 00:52:09,266 --> 00:52:10,460 decided to convene a task force 1101 00:52:11,327 --> 00:52:12,910 and bring people from our businesses around the world 1102 00:52:14,237 --> 00:52:15,378 to come together to assess 1103 00:52:15,378 --> 00:52:17,123 our company's worldwide environmental position, 1104 00:52:18,346 --> 00:52:20,013 to begin to frame answers for those customers. 1105 00:52:21,738 --> 00:52:23,210 They asked me if I would come and speak to that group 1106 00:52:24,426 --> 00:52:25,330 and give them a kickoff speech 1107 00:52:26,237 --> 00:52:28,503 to launch this new task force with an environmental vision, 1108 00:52:30,738 --> 00:52:32,533 and I didn't have an environmental vision. 1109 00:52:33,956 --> 00:52:37,397 I did not want to make that speech. (laughs) 1110 00:52:37,397 --> 00:52:38,800 And at sort of the propitious moment 1111 00:52:40,237 --> 00:52:41,654 this book landed on my desk. 1112 00:52:41,654 --> 00:52:44,154 It was Paul Hawken's book The Ecology of Commerce. 1113 00:52:46,334 --> 00:52:47,983 And I began to read The Ecology of Commerce, 1114 00:52:48,831 --> 00:52:49,923 really desperate for inspiration, 1115 00:52:50,883 --> 00:52:52,910 and very quickly into that book 1116 00:52:54,302 --> 00:52:56,277 I found the phrase "the death of birth." 1117 00:52:59,142 --> 00:53:01,713 It was E.O Wilson's expression for species extinction, 1118 00:53:02,553 --> 00:53:03,621 "the death of birth," 1119 00:53:03,621 --> 00:53:05,933 and it was a point of a spear into my chest. 1120 00:53:07,731 --> 00:53:09,163 And I read on and the spear went deeper, 1121 00:53:10,231 --> 00:53:12,062 and it became an epiphanal experience, 1122 00:53:12,062 --> 00:53:14,203 a total change of mindset for myself, 1123 00:53:16,113 --> 00:53:17,363 and a change of paradigm. 1124 00:53:18,430 --> 00:53:21,013 (hushed music) 1125 00:53:22,236 --> 00:53:23,683 Can any product be made sustainably? 1126 00:53:24,550 --> 00:53:25,583 Well, not any and every product. 1127 00:53:27,372 --> 00:53:29,063 Can you make landmines sustainably? 1128 00:53:30,342 --> 00:53:32,913 Well, I don't think so. 1129 00:53:32,913 --> 00:53:34,400 There's a more fundamental question than that 1130 00:53:35,239 --> 00:53:37,033 about landmines. 1131 00:53:37,033 --> 00:53:38,163 Some products ought not be made at all. 1132 00:53:40,062 --> 00:53:42,083 Unless we can make carpets sustainably, 1133 00:53:44,273 --> 00:53:46,673 perhaps we don't have a place in a sustainable world. 1134 00:53:47,892 --> 00:53:51,003 but neither does anybody else making products unsustainably. 1135 00:53:53,841 --> 00:53:55,291 One day early in this journey 1136 00:53:56,172 --> 00:53:59,480 it dawned on me that the way I've been running Interface 1137 00:54:01,321 --> 00:54:02,154 is the way of the plunderer, 1138 00:54:04,052 --> 00:54:04,923 plundering something that's not mine, 1139 00:54:06,451 --> 00:54:08,951 something that belongs to every creature on earth. 1140 00:54:10,571 --> 00:54:12,103 And I said to myself, "My goodness, 1141 00:54:13,011 --> 00:54:15,011 "the day must come when this is illegal, 1142 00:54:16,593 --> 00:54:18,193 "when plundering is not allowed. 1143 00:54:19,801 --> 00:54:21,051 "It must come." 1144 00:54:22,460 --> 00:54:24,452 I said to myself, "My goodness, 1145 00:54:24,452 --> 00:54:26,913 "someday people like me will end up in jail." 1146 00:54:26,913 --> 00:54:30,080 (contemplative music) 1147 00:54:36,329 --> 00:54:37,980 - I gotta be honest with you. 1148 00:54:37,980 --> 00:54:39,230 When the September 11 situation happened 1149 00:54:41,276 --> 00:54:43,527 I didn't know that the, (laughs) 1150 00:54:43,527 --> 00:54:44,735 and I must say 1151 00:54:44,735 --> 00:54:46,235 and I want to say this because 1152 00:54:49,014 --> 00:54:50,455 I don't want to take it lightly, 1153 00:54:50,455 --> 00:54:51,753 it's not a light situation, 1154 00:54:51,753 --> 00:54:53,083 it's a devastating act, 1155 00:54:54,796 --> 00:54:56,933 it was really a bad thing, 1156 00:54:58,225 --> 00:54:59,443 one of the worst things I've seen in my lifetime, 1157 00:55:01,464 --> 00:55:03,613 but I will tell you and every trader will tell you, 1158 00:55:04,716 --> 00:55:06,585 who was not in that building 1159 00:55:06,585 --> 00:55:09,153 and who was buying gold and who owned gold and silver, 1160 00:55:10,156 --> 00:55:11,926 that when it happened 1161 00:55:11,926 --> 00:55:12,947 the first thing you thought about was, 1162 00:55:14,035 --> 00:55:14,868 "Well how much is gold up?" 1163 00:55:16,647 --> 00:55:18,295 The first thing that came to mind was, 1164 00:55:18,295 --> 00:55:19,657 "My god, gold must be exploding." 1165 00:55:21,554 --> 00:55:23,093 Fortunately for us, all our clients were in gold, 1166 00:55:25,156 --> 00:55:26,214 so when it went up, 1167 00:55:26,214 --> 00:55:28,465 they all doubled their money! 1168 00:55:28,465 --> 00:55:31,314 Everybody doubled their money. 1169 00:55:31,314 --> 00:55:32,147 It was a blessing in disguise. 1170 00:55:33,705 --> 00:55:34,705 Devastating, 1171 00:55:36,012 --> 00:55:37,463 crushing, 1172 00:55:37,463 --> 00:55:39,095 heart-shattering, 1173 00:55:39,095 --> 00:55:39,928 but on a financial sense, 1174 00:55:40,865 --> 00:55:41,698 for my clients that were in the market, 1175 00:55:42,625 --> 00:55:43,458 they all made money. 1176 00:55:43,458 --> 00:55:45,063 Now I wasn't looking for this type of help, 1177 00:55:49,735 --> 00:55:50,863 but it happened. 1178 00:55:50,863 --> 00:55:54,020 When the U.S. bombed Iraq back in 1991 1179 00:55:55,904 --> 00:55:57,700 the price of oil went from $13 1180 00:55:59,055 --> 00:56:00,653 to $40 a barrel for Christ's sake. 1181 00:56:02,825 --> 00:56:04,114 Now we couldn't wait for the bomb 1182 00:56:04,114 --> 00:56:06,276 to start raining down on Saddam Hussein. 1183 00:56:06,276 --> 00:56:08,943 (serious music) 1184 00:56:11,944 --> 00:56:13,105 We were all excited. 1185 00:56:13,105 --> 00:56:14,693 We wanted Saddam to really create problems, 1186 00:56:15,647 --> 00:56:17,076 do whatever you have to do, 1187 00:56:17,076 --> 00:56:17,909 set fire to some more oil wells, 1188 00:56:18,745 --> 00:56:20,695 because the price is gonna go higher. 1189 00:56:20,695 --> 00:56:22,156 Every broker was chanting that. 1190 00:56:22,156 --> 00:56:23,785 There was not a broker that I know of 1191 00:56:23,785 --> 00:56:24,996 that wasn't excited about that. 1192 00:56:24,996 --> 00:56:27,579 (somber music) 1193 00:56:28,527 --> 00:56:29,366 This was a disaster. 1194 00:56:29,366 --> 00:56:31,413 This was something that was a catastrophe happening, 1195 00:56:32,257 --> 00:56:33,424 bombing, wars. 1196 00:56:35,916 --> 00:56:37,393 In devastation there is opportunity. 1197 00:56:40,236 --> 00:56:43,345 (aching music) 1198 00:56:43,345 --> 00:56:44,203 - [Narrator] The pursuit of profit is an old story, 1199 00:56:45,396 --> 00:56:46,900 but there was a time when many things were regarded 1200 00:56:47,804 --> 00:56:50,190 either as too sacred or too essential for the public good 1201 00:56:51,505 --> 00:56:52,783 to be considered business opportunities. 1202 00:56:54,533 --> 00:56:56,643 They were protected by tradition and public regulation. 1203 00:56:58,895 --> 00:57:01,562 (weighty music) 1204 00:57:05,575 --> 00:57:07,236 - We can really begin to take a look 1205 00:57:07,236 --> 00:57:09,508 at the emergence of the modern age 1206 00:57:09,508 --> 00:57:12,279 with the enclosure movements of the Great European Commons 1207 00:57:12,279 --> 00:57:14,079 in the 14th, 15th, and 16th century. 1208 00:57:15,308 --> 00:57:17,508 Medieval life was a collectively lived life. 1209 00:57:18,868 --> 00:57:20,729 It was a brutish, nasty affair, 1210 00:57:20,729 --> 00:57:22,383 but there was a collective responsibility. 1211 00:57:23,628 --> 00:57:24,937 People belong to the land. 1212 00:57:24,937 --> 00:57:25,813 The land did not belong to people, 1213 00:57:26,868 --> 00:57:27,783 and in this European world, 1214 00:57:28,969 --> 00:57:30,810 people farmed the land in a collective way 1215 00:57:31,649 --> 00:57:33,097 because they saw it as a commons. 1216 00:57:33,097 --> 00:57:34,318 It belonged to God, 1217 00:57:34,318 --> 00:57:37,409 and then it was administered by the church, the aristocracy, 1218 00:57:37,409 --> 00:57:40,733 and then the local manors as stewards of God's creation. 1219 00:57:43,409 --> 00:57:44,577 Beginning with Tudor England 1220 00:57:44,577 --> 00:57:46,799 we began to see a phenomenon emerge, 1221 00:57:46,799 --> 00:57:48,270 and that is the enclosure of the great commons 1222 00:57:49,237 --> 00:57:50,623 by parliamentary acts in England and then in Europe. 1223 00:57:51,879 --> 00:57:53,457 And so first we began to take 1224 00:57:53,457 --> 00:57:54,320 the great land masses of the world 1225 00:57:55,209 --> 00:57:56,042 which were commons and shared, 1226 00:57:57,016 --> 00:57:58,123 and we reduced those to private property. 1227 00:57:59,436 --> 00:58:00,847 Then we went after the oceans, 1228 00:58:00,847 --> 00:58:02,087 the great oceanic commons, 1229 00:58:02,087 --> 00:58:03,390 and we created laws and regulations 1230 00:58:04,687 --> 00:58:05,520 that would allow countries to claim 1231 00:58:06,476 --> 00:58:08,650 a certain amount of water outside their coastal limits 1232 00:58:09,527 --> 00:58:10,996 for exploitation. 1233 00:58:10,996 --> 00:58:11,940 In this century we went after the air 1234 00:58:12,926 --> 00:58:13,759 and we divided it into air corridors 1235 00:58:14,596 --> 00:58:15,767 that could be bought and sold 1236 00:58:15,767 --> 00:58:17,443 for commercial traffic for airplanes, 1237 00:58:18,615 --> 00:58:19,993 and then of course the rest is history. 1238 00:58:21,505 --> 00:58:24,172 (ominous music) 1239 00:58:29,305 --> 00:58:31,764 (people applauding) 1240 00:58:31,764 --> 00:58:34,123 - With deregulation, privatization, free trade, 1241 00:58:35,575 --> 00:58:38,933 what we're seeing is yet another enclosure, 1242 00:58:40,265 --> 00:58:42,615 and if you like, private taking of the commons. 1243 00:58:44,857 --> 00:58:45,850 One of the things I find very interesting 1244 00:58:46,705 --> 00:58:48,164 in our current debates 1245 00:58:48,164 --> 00:58:50,064 is this concept of who creates wealth, 1246 00:58:51,575 --> 00:58:54,275 that wealth is only created when it's owned privately. 1247 00:58:56,036 --> 00:58:58,363 What would you call clean water, fresh air, 1248 00:58:59,636 --> 00:59:00,815 a safe environment? 1249 00:59:00,815 --> 00:59:01,953 Are they not a form of wealth? 1250 00:59:02,996 --> 00:59:04,040 And why does it only become wealth 1251 00:59:05,095 --> 00:59:07,045 when some entity puts a fence around it 1252 00:59:08,124 --> 00:59:09,143 and declares it private property? 1253 00:59:10,204 --> 00:59:12,356 Well, that's not wealth creation. 1254 00:59:12,356 --> 00:59:13,189 That's wealth usurption. 1255 00:59:16,044 --> 00:59:17,460 - Over the centuries we have put more and more things 1256 00:59:18,396 --> 00:59:19,668 in that public realm, 1257 00:59:19,668 --> 00:59:21,108 and lately, just lately, 1258 00:59:21,108 --> 00:59:22,203 in the last let's say three or four decades, 1259 00:59:23,097 --> 00:59:24,628 started pulling them out again. 1260 00:59:24,628 --> 00:59:25,613 So firefighters, for instance. 1261 00:59:27,129 --> 00:59:27,967 (coughing) 1262 00:59:27,967 --> 00:59:28,993 - [Narrator] This man needs the fire department. 1263 00:59:30,725 --> 00:59:32,783 - [Matt] Firefighters started as private companies. 1264 00:59:34,255 --> 00:59:35,905 - [Narrator] Yes, and lots of other people 1265 00:59:35,905 --> 00:59:36,773 need the fire department too. 1266 00:59:38,384 --> 00:59:40,007 - And if you didn't have the medallion 1267 00:59:40,007 --> 00:59:42,207 of a given firefighter brigade on your house 1268 00:59:43,236 --> 00:59:44,375 and it was on fire, 1269 00:59:44,375 --> 00:59:46,213 then those firefighters would just ride on by, 1270 00:59:47,129 --> 00:59:48,063 because you didn't have a deal. 1271 00:59:49,451 --> 00:59:51,501 Well, we gradually evolved a public trust 1272 00:59:52,704 --> 00:59:55,504 for the provision of safety on that very specific level. 1273 00:59:58,333 --> 00:59:59,663 This is important. 1274 00:59:59,663 --> 01:00:00,496 We should not go back from that 1275 01:00:01,573 --> 01:00:03,253 and start saying, "Well, 1276 01:00:03,253 --> 01:00:04,573 "why don't we put that back in the market 1277 01:00:04,573 --> 01:00:05,434 "and see what that does. 1278 01:00:05,434 --> 01:00:06,852 "Maybe it'll make it more efficient." 1279 01:00:06,852 --> 01:00:09,269 (slow music) 1280 01:00:16,354 --> 01:00:17,187 - The privatization does not mean 1281 01:00:18,325 --> 01:00:20,605 you take a public institution 1282 01:00:20,605 --> 01:00:21,438 and give it to some nice person. 1283 01:00:25,088 --> 01:00:26,020 It means you take a public institution 1284 01:00:26,885 --> 01:00:28,043 and give it to an unaccountable tyranny. 1285 01:00:29,003 --> 01:00:31,753 (troubled music) 1286 01:00:34,194 --> 01:00:36,033 Public institutions have many side benefits. 1287 01:00:37,871 --> 01:00:39,183 For one thing they may purposely run at a loss. 1288 01:00:41,042 --> 01:00:41,875 They're not out for profit. 1289 01:00:42,762 --> 01:00:43,820 They may purposely run at a loss 1290 01:00:44,730 --> 01:00:46,202 because of the side benefits. 1291 01:00:46,202 --> 01:00:49,102 So for example, if a public steel industry runs at a loss, 1292 01:00:50,602 --> 01:00:52,793 it's providing cheap steel to other industries. 1293 01:00:53,842 --> 01:00:56,009 Maybe that's a good thing. 1294 01:00:57,209 --> 01:00:59,023 Public institutions can have a counter-cyclic property, 1295 01:01:00,242 --> 01:01:02,592 so that means that they can maintain employment 1296 01:01:03,461 --> 01:01:04,294 in periods of recession, 1297 01:01:05,900 --> 01:01:07,282 which increases demand, 1298 01:01:07,282 --> 01:01:08,307 which helps you get out of recession. 1299 01:01:09,740 --> 01:01:11,042 A private company can't do that. 1300 01:01:11,042 --> 01:01:13,283 The recession, throw out the workforce, so you make money. 1301 01:01:15,482 --> 01:01:17,110 - There are those who intend that one day 1302 01:01:18,019 --> 01:01:19,503 everything will be owned by somebody. 1303 01:01:20,672 --> 01:01:23,202 And we're not just talking goods here. 1304 01:01:23,202 --> 01:01:25,352 We're talking human rights, human services, 1305 01:01:26,442 --> 01:01:27,663 essential services for life, 1306 01:01:28,562 --> 01:01:29,523 education, public health, 1307 01:01:30,661 --> 01:01:32,511 social assistance, pensions, housing. 1308 01:01:35,029 --> 01:01:35,862 We're also talking about 1309 01:01:39,377 --> 01:01:40,869 the survival of the planet, 1310 01:01:40,869 --> 01:01:43,340 the areas that we believe must be maintained 1311 01:01:44,578 --> 01:01:46,060 in the commons or under common control 1312 01:01:47,072 --> 01:01:47,905 or we will collectively die, 1313 01:01:49,210 --> 01:01:50,642 water and air. 1314 01:01:50,642 --> 01:01:53,225 (veiled music) 1315 01:01:54,712 --> 01:01:56,273 - Even in the case of air there's been some progress. 1316 01:01:58,992 --> 01:02:00,381 And here the idea is to say, 1317 01:02:00,381 --> 01:02:02,713 "Look, we can't avoid the dumping of carbon dioxide. 1318 01:02:03,552 --> 01:02:04,973 "We can't avoid the dumping of sulphur oxides. 1319 01:02:05,850 --> 01:02:08,178 "At least we can't at the moment afford to stop doing that." 1320 01:02:08,178 --> 01:02:10,795 So we're dumping a certain amount of stuff 1321 01:02:10,795 --> 01:02:11,628 into the environment, 1322 01:02:11,628 --> 01:02:13,565 so we're going to say 1323 01:02:13,565 --> 01:02:16,315 with the current tonnage of sulphur oxides for example, 1324 01:02:17,595 --> 01:02:18,428 we will say that is the limit 1325 01:02:20,163 --> 01:02:22,213 and we'll create permits for that amount, 1326 01:02:23,736 --> 01:02:24,695 we'd give them to the people 1327 01:02:24,695 --> 01:02:26,416 who've been doing the polluting, 1328 01:02:26,416 --> 01:02:27,323 and now we will permit them to be traded. 1329 01:02:29,755 --> 01:02:31,290 And so now there's a price attached 1330 01:02:32,464 --> 01:02:33,297 to polluting the environment. 1331 01:02:35,835 --> 01:02:36,668 Now wouldn't it be marvelous 1332 01:02:36,668 --> 01:02:37,723 if we had one of those prices for everything? 1333 01:02:39,504 --> 01:02:40,955 - [Interviewer] It sounds like you're advocating 1334 01:02:40,955 --> 01:02:43,263 private ownership of every square inch of the planet. 1335 01:02:44,363 --> 01:02:45,263 - Absolutely. 1336 01:02:45,263 --> 01:02:47,983 - [Interviewer] Every cubic foot of air, water. 1337 01:02:50,213 --> 01:02:51,365 - It sounds outlandish to say 1338 01:02:51,365 --> 01:02:52,915 we want to have the whole universe, 1339 01:02:52,915 --> 01:02:53,863 the whole of the earth owned. 1340 01:02:55,045 --> 01:02:57,085 That doesn't mean I want to have 1341 01:02:57,085 --> 01:02:58,353 Joe Bloggs owning this square foot, 1342 01:02:59,224 --> 01:03:00,070 but it means that the interests 1343 01:03:00,944 --> 01:03:02,544 that are involved in that stream 1344 01:03:04,662 --> 01:03:05,495 are owned 1345 01:03:06,923 --> 01:03:07,980 by some group or by some people 1346 01:03:09,152 --> 01:03:10,672 who have an interest in maintaining it. 1347 01:03:10,672 --> 01:03:13,553 And that is not such a loony idea. 1348 01:03:14,921 --> 01:03:16,703 It's in fact the solution to a lot of these problems. 1349 01:03:17,619 --> 01:03:20,536 (perplexing music) 1350 01:03:22,549 --> 01:03:25,549 (people chattering) 1351 01:03:26,578 --> 01:03:29,361 - [Kid] I tried to throw it on there! (laughs) 1352 01:03:29,361 --> 01:03:30,321 - [Narrator] Imagine a world in which 1353 01:03:30,321 --> 01:03:31,450 one of the things owned by a corporation 1354 01:03:32,572 --> 01:03:34,905 was the song Happy Birthday. 1355 01:03:36,321 --> 01:03:39,271 In fact, an AOL Time Warner subsidiary holds the copyright. 1356 01:03:42,953 --> 01:03:44,953 In the past, it is demanded over $10,000 1357 01:03:46,321 --> 01:03:47,530 to allow you to hear anyone 1358 01:03:47,530 --> 01:03:48,533 sing this popular song in a film. 1359 01:03:51,873 --> 01:03:53,633 We didn't pay. 1360 01:03:53,633 --> 01:03:56,532 (air blowing) 1361 01:03:56,532 --> 01:03:57,673 We prefer to use the money 1362 01:03:57,673 --> 01:03:59,130 to fly our crew to Boston and Los Angeles 1363 01:04:00,382 --> 01:04:01,215 to bring you the following story. 1364 01:04:02,302 --> 01:04:04,190 - [Ad Announcer] Five, four, three, two, one! 1365 01:04:05,222 --> 01:04:06,990 Off into space! 1366 01:04:06,990 --> 01:04:08,273 Man, that takes real teamwork! 1367 01:04:09,521 --> 01:04:10,880 And here's a team of junior spacemen 1368 01:04:11,770 --> 01:04:12,693 with an out-of-this-world breakfast! 1369 01:04:13,740 --> 01:04:15,100 - [Susan] Comparing the marketing of yesteryear 1370 01:04:15,990 --> 01:04:17,509 to the marketing of today 1371 01:04:17,509 --> 01:04:19,659 is like comparing a BB gun to a smart bomb. 1372 01:04:20,913 --> 01:04:22,580 - [Ad Announcer] Refreshing V8 juice! 1373 01:04:22,580 --> 01:04:24,529 - It's not the same as when I was a kid 1374 01:04:25,641 --> 01:04:27,209 or even when the people 1375 01:04:27,209 --> 01:04:28,523 who are young adults today were kids. 1376 01:04:29,409 --> 01:04:31,909 (brave music) 1377 01:04:32,812 --> 01:04:35,583 It's much more sophisticated and it's much more pervasive. 1378 01:04:37,080 --> 01:04:40,790 It's not that products themselves are bad or good. 1379 01:04:43,417 --> 01:04:45,860 It's the notion of manipulating children 1380 01:04:46,886 --> 01:04:47,719 into buying the products. 1381 01:04:51,484 --> 01:04:53,523 In 1998, Western International Media, 1382 01:04:54,796 --> 01:04:56,610 Century City, and Lieberman Research Worldwide 1383 01:04:57,676 --> 01:04:58,743 conducted a study on nagging. 1384 01:05:01,525 --> 01:05:04,057 - We asked parents to keep a diary for three weeks 1385 01:05:04,057 --> 01:05:05,813 and to record every time, you could imagine, 1386 01:05:06,742 --> 01:05:09,192 every time their child nagged them for a product. 1387 01:05:10,966 --> 01:05:13,623 We asked them to record when, where, and why. 1388 01:05:14,743 --> 01:05:17,410 (curious music) 1389 01:05:19,073 --> 01:05:21,953 - This study was not to help parents cope with nagging. 1390 01:05:24,924 --> 01:05:25,970 It was to help corporations 1391 01:05:26,934 --> 01:05:29,634 help children nag for their products more effectively. 1392 01:05:32,884 --> 01:05:34,834 - Anywhere from 20% to 40% of purchases 1393 01:05:36,204 --> 01:05:37,662 would not have occurred 1394 01:05:37,662 --> 01:05:38,763 unless the child had nagged their parents. 1395 01:05:40,003 --> 01:05:41,213 That is we found, for example, 1396 01:05:42,433 --> 01:05:43,760 a quarter of all visits to theme parks 1397 01:05:45,153 --> 01:05:46,723 wouldn't have occurred unless a child nagged the parents. 1398 01:05:47,804 --> 01:05:50,393 Four out of 10 visits to places like Chuck E. Cheese 1399 01:05:50,393 --> 01:05:52,014 would not have occurred. 1400 01:05:52,014 --> 01:05:53,494 Any parent would understand that. 1401 01:05:53,494 --> 01:05:54,782 When I think of Chuck E. Cheese, 1402 01:05:54,782 --> 01:05:55,643 oh my goodness, it's noise. 1403 01:05:56,860 --> 01:05:58,652 ♪ Cause we're going to Chuck E. Cheese's ♪ 1404 01:05:58,652 --> 01:05:59,873 - And there's so many kids. 1405 01:05:59,873 --> 01:06:00,793 Why would I want to spend two hours there? 1406 01:06:01,823 --> 01:06:03,693 But if the child nags enough, you're gonna go. 1407 01:06:05,044 --> 01:06:06,903 We saw the same thing with movies, 1408 01:06:06,903 --> 01:06:08,463 with home video, with fast food. 1409 01:06:09,903 --> 01:06:10,950 We do have to break through this barrier 1410 01:06:11,804 --> 01:06:12,637 where they do tell us 1411 01:06:13,964 --> 01:06:16,243 or they say they don't like it when their kids nag. 1412 01:06:17,313 --> 01:06:19,903 Well that's just a general attitude that they possess. 1413 01:06:20,993 --> 01:06:23,270 It doesn't mean that they necessarily act on a product 1414 01:06:24,572 --> 01:06:26,404 100% of the time. 1415 01:06:28,993 --> 01:06:30,393 You can manipulate consumers 1416 01:06:31,993 --> 01:06:34,393 into wanting and therefore buying your products. 1417 01:06:36,215 --> 01:06:37,215 It's a game. 1418 01:06:39,153 --> 01:06:40,443 - Children are not little adults. 1419 01:06:41,593 --> 01:06:42,426 Their minds aren't developed. 1420 01:06:43,534 --> 01:06:44,932 And what's happening is that marketers 1421 01:06:44,932 --> 01:06:46,813 are playing to their developmental vulnerabilities. 1422 01:06:47,804 --> 01:06:50,535 (perplexed music) 1423 01:06:50,535 --> 01:06:52,400 The advertising that children are exposed to today 1424 01:06:53,543 --> 01:06:55,243 is honed by psychologists, 1425 01:06:56,484 --> 01:06:58,134 it's enhanced by media technology 1426 01:06:59,108 --> 01:07:00,353 that nobody ever thought was possible. 1427 01:07:01,393 --> 01:07:03,743 - The more insight you have about the consumer, 1428 01:07:07,233 --> 01:07:08,444 the more creative you'll be 1429 01:07:08,444 --> 01:07:09,293 in your communication strategies. 1430 01:07:10,323 --> 01:07:11,793 So if that takes a psychologist, 1431 01:07:11,793 --> 01:07:13,523 yeah, we want one of those on staff. 1432 01:07:15,004 --> 01:07:15,963 - I'm not saying that it's wrong 1433 01:07:15,963 --> 01:07:16,903 to make things for children. 1434 01:07:18,572 --> 01:07:20,393 I also think it's important to distinguish 1435 01:07:20,393 --> 01:07:23,193 between psychologists who work on products for children, 1436 01:07:24,082 --> 01:07:27,000 who help toy corporations make toys 1437 01:07:28,121 --> 01:07:29,023 that are developmentally appropriate. 1438 01:07:29,961 --> 01:07:30,990 I think that's great. 1439 01:07:30,990 --> 01:07:32,620 That's different from selling the toys 1440 01:07:32,620 --> 01:07:33,733 directly to the children. 1441 01:07:35,380 --> 01:07:36,601 - Initiative is huge. 1442 01:07:36,601 --> 01:07:37,500 I think in the U.S. 1443 01:07:37,500 --> 01:07:39,550 we place about $12 billion of media time. 1444 01:07:41,538 --> 01:07:42,870 So we'll put it on TV, 1445 01:07:42,870 --> 01:07:43,921 we'll put it in print, 1446 01:07:43,921 --> 01:07:45,310 we'll put it up in outdoor, 1447 01:07:45,310 --> 01:07:46,143 we'll buy radio time. 1448 01:07:47,081 --> 01:07:49,931 So we're the biggest buyers of advertising time and space 1449 01:07:51,119 --> 01:07:52,433 in the U.S. and in the world. 1450 01:07:54,590 --> 01:07:56,490 - One family cannot combat an industry 1451 01:07:57,830 --> 01:08:00,183 that spends $12 billion a year trying to get their children. 1452 01:08:01,420 --> 01:08:03,389 They can't do it. 1453 01:08:03,389 --> 01:08:04,563 - They are tomorrow's adult consumers, 1454 01:08:05,430 --> 01:08:06,833 so start talking with them now, 1455 01:08:08,029 --> 01:08:09,383 build that relationship when they're younger, 1456 01:08:10,270 --> 01:08:11,103 and you've got them as an adult. 1457 01:08:14,910 --> 01:08:15,893 Somebody asked me, "Lucy, is that ethical? 1458 01:08:17,328 --> 01:08:18,867 "You're essentially manipulating these children." 1459 01:08:19,899 --> 01:08:21,899 Well, yeah, is it ethical, I don't know, 1460 01:08:22,988 --> 01:08:25,403 but our role at Initiative is to move products, 1461 01:08:26,845 --> 01:08:28,790 and if we know you move products 1462 01:08:28,790 --> 01:08:29,779 with a certain creative execution 1463 01:08:30,680 --> 01:08:32,383 placed in a certain type of media vehicle, 1464 01:08:33,288 --> 01:08:35,100 then we've done our job. 1465 01:08:35,100 --> 01:08:36,950 ♪ Pull it push it grab it bump it save it race it ♪ 1466 01:08:36,950 --> 01:08:38,160 - Every institution provides 1467 01:08:39,859 --> 01:08:41,040 the people who are members of it 1468 01:08:42,818 --> 01:08:44,269 with a social role to occupy, 1469 01:08:45,859 --> 01:08:47,950 and typically institutions that are vibrant 1470 01:08:48,890 --> 01:08:50,041 and have a lot of power 1471 01:08:51,359 --> 01:08:52,460 will specify that role 1472 01:08:53,331 --> 01:08:55,081 in some sense as a list of virtues. 1473 01:08:56,339 --> 01:08:58,139 It's true for churches, for schools, 1474 01:08:59,019 --> 01:09:01,318 for any institution that has power over people 1475 01:09:02,171 --> 01:09:03,810 and shapes them. 1476 01:09:03,810 --> 01:09:05,000 - [Everyone] One nation. 1477 01:09:05,000 --> 01:09:06,158 - The corporation likewise, 1478 01:09:06,158 --> 01:09:08,059 it provides us with a list of virtues, 1479 01:09:08,919 --> 01:09:09,960 a kind of social role, 1480 01:09:09,960 --> 01:09:12,210 which is the good consumer. 1481 01:09:13,200 --> 01:09:14,033 - [Narrator] Like the waters of a mighty ocean, 1482 01:09:14,957 --> 01:09:16,993 people also represent a tremendous force, 1483 01:09:18,288 --> 01:09:20,868 the understanding of which is of greatest importance 1484 01:09:20,868 --> 01:09:22,269 to the American way of life. 1485 01:09:23,538 --> 01:09:25,212 This force is known as consumer power. 1486 01:09:27,737 --> 01:09:29,259 - The goal for the corporations 1487 01:09:29,259 --> 01:09:31,372 is to maximize profit and market share, 1488 01:09:33,045 --> 01:09:34,893 and they also have a goal for their target, 1489 01:09:35,975 --> 01:09:37,474 namely the population. 1490 01:09:37,474 --> 01:09:41,000 They have to be turned into completely mindless consumers 1491 01:09:42,776 --> 01:09:43,783 of goods that they do not want. 1492 01:09:45,336 --> 01:09:47,836 You have to develop what are called created wants. 1493 01:09:49,424 --> 01:09:50,256 So you have to create wants. 1494 01:09:51,755 --> 01:09:53,377 You have to impose on people 1495 01:09:53,377 --> 01:09:54,623 what's called a philosophy of futility. 1496 01:09:55,917 --> 01:09:59,700 You have to focus them on the insignificant things of life 1497 01:10:01,074 --> 01:10:02,293 like fashionable consumption. 1498 01:10:06,325 --> 01:10:08,213 I'm just basically quoting business literature. 1499 01:10:09,376 --> 01:10:10,786 And it makes perfect sense, 1500 01:10:10,786 --> 01:10:12,386 the ideal is to have individuals 1501 01:10:13,616 --> 01:10:14,952 who are totally dissociated from one another, 1502 01:10:16,564 --> 01:10:17,573 whose conception of themselves, 1503 01:10:19,234 --> 01:10:20,240 the sense of value is 1504 01:10:21,106 --> 01:10:23,206 just how many created wants can I satisfy. 1505 01:10:24,472 --> 01:10:27,792 (twinkling music) 1506 01:10:27,792 --> 01:10:29,300 - [Narrator] These people are customers 1507 01:10:29,300 --> 01:10:31,900 because they are willing to trade money for widgets. 1508 01:10:34,232 --> 01:10:36,340 And all the customers take their widgets home 1509 01:10:37,382 --> 01:10:38,215 to all parts of the country. 1510 01:10:40,631 --> 01:10:42,380 Look at all that money the widget builder has taken in 1511 01:10:43,231 --> 01:10:45,512 from the sale of his widgets. 1512 01:10:45,512 --> 01:10:47,099 - With huge industries, 1513 01:10:47,099 --> 01:10:48,653 public relations industry is a monstrous industry, 1514 01:10:50,123 --> 01:10:50,956 advertising and so on, 1515 01:10:52,192 --> 01:10:53,640 which are designed from infancy 1516 01:10:54,912 --> 01:10:58,423 to try to mold people into this desired pattern. 1517 01:11:01,161 --> 01:11:03,911 (cheerful music) 1518 01:11:04,771 --> 01:11:06,001 - [Chris Voiceover] We saw Tiger Woods on TV 1519 01:11:06,001 --> 01:11:07,073 with a hat with a Nike logo on it, 1520 01:11:08,393 --> 01:11:11,222 and we figured he probably gets like millions of dollars 1521 01:11:11,222 --> 01:11:12,123 just to wear the hat on the press conference, 1522 01:11:13,222 --> 01:11:14,580 and therefore we figured we can do that for someone else 1523 01:11:15,571 --> 01:11:17,673 and hopefully get money in turn so we can go to school. 1524 01:11:19,483 --> 01:11:20,553 And that's how we came up with being corporately sponsored. 1525 01:11:22,411 --> 01:11:23,244 - [Luke Voiceover] We made our sponsor announcement 1526 01:11:23,244 --> 01:11:24,077 on Today Show on June 18th. 1527 01:11:25,214 --> 01:11:26,153 - We're corporately sponsored by First USA. 1528 01:11:27,309 --> 01:11:29,020 First we'll be working with First USA 1529 01:11:29,020 --> 01:11:30,327 as our corporate sponsor 1530 01:11:30,327 --> 01:11:31,160 and they're covering our college tuition. 1531 01:11:32,143 --> 01:11:33,815 - We found First USA as our sponsor, 1532 01:11:33,815 --> 01:11:34,964 and we're proud to be working with them. 1533 01:11:34,964 --> 01:11:35,823 - Our sponsor is First USA. 1534 01:11:36,906 --> 01:11:38,180 So we're really thrilled to announce 1535 01:11:39,503 --> 01:11:40,336 First USA as our sponsor. 1536 01:11:41,193 --> 01:11:42,693 We're thrilled to be working with First USA. 1537 01:11:43,804 --> 01:11:45,187 - [Chris Voiceover] And so we give First USA 1538 01:11:45,187 --> 01:11:46,183 a good name in the media 1539 01:11:46,183 --> 01:11:48,001 and include them in our news stories, 1540 01:11:48,001 --> 01:11:48,834 and then through there they get 1541 01:11:50,023 --> 01:11:50,993 as much advertising as we can give them. 1542 01:11:52,402 --> 01:11:53,762 - They'll be conforming 1543 01:11:53,762 --> 01:11:54,963 not to the wishes of demanding parents, 1544 01:11:56,093 --> 01:11:58,293 but to the wishes of an image-conscious corporation. 1545 01:11:59,493 --> 01:12:00,503 - They're not just out there for the money. 1546 01:12:02,133 --> 01:12:04,093 They want to work with us and be our friends 1547 01:12:04,093 --> 01:12:06,293 and let us help them help us and vice versa. 1548 01:12:07,490 --> 01:12:09,033 We became walking billboards to pay for our college tuition. 1549 01:12:10,172 --> 01:12:11,607 - [Show Host] Say what?! 1550 01:12:11,607 --> 01:12:12,440 - [Luke Voiceover] Cool Site of the Day 1551 01:12:12,440 --> 01:12:13,429 picked us as a Cool Site, 1552 01:12:13,429 --> 01:12:14,594 and Yahoo picked us, 1553 01:12:14,594 --> 01:12:15,753 and we were in USA Today. 1554 01:12:16,974 --> 01:12:18,823 - When we did our photo shoot for People magazine, 1555 01:12:20,073 --> 01:12:21,773 this is where we stood, up on top. 1556 01:12:23,264 --> 01:12:25,734 (Luke laughs) 1557 01:12:25,734 --> 01:12:27,092 - We stood up here and we smiled. 1558 01:12:27,092 --> 01:12:29,995 - We smiled and took the picture. 1559 01:12:29,995 --> 01:12:31,958 - [Luke] Our parents had war stories and stuff to tell us, 1560 01:12:31,958 --> 01:12:34,158 but (laughs) we have our corporate sponsor story. 1561 01:12:34,158 --> 01:12:34,991 - Exactly. 1562 01:12:34,991 --> 01:12:37,888 (triumphant music) 1563 01:12:37,888 --> 01:12:39,427 I have a lot of faith in the corporate world, 1564 01:12:39,427 --> 01:12:41,014 because it's always gonna be there, 1565 01:12:41,014 --> 01:12:42,265 so you may as well have faith in it, 1566 01:12:42,265 --> 01:12:43,952 because if you don't, then it's just not good. 1567 01:12:46,438 --> 01:12:48,386 - [Narrator] Some of the best creative minds are employed 1568 01:12:48,386 --> 01:12:50,093 to assure our faith in the corporate worldview. 1569 01:12:51,704 --> 01:12:53,390 They seduce us with beguiling illusions 1570 01:12:54,905 --> 01:12:56,736 designed to divert our minds 1571 01:12:56,736 --> 01:12:57,568 and manufacture our consent. 1572 01:12:58,478 --> 01:13:02,061 (weighty electronic music) 1573 01:13:06,416 --> 01:13:07,943 - Corporations don't advertise products particularly. 1574 01:13:08,784 --> 01:13:10,623 They're advertising a way of life, a way of thinking, 1575 01:13:11,736 --> 01:13:14,780 a story of who we are as people and how we got here 1576 01:13:16,104 --> 01:13:17,680 and what's the source of our so-called liberty 1577 01:13:18,536 --> 01:13:19,915 and our so-called freedom. 1578 01:13:19,915 --> 01:13:22,595 So you have decades and decades and decades 1579 01:13:22,595 --> 01:13:23,640 of propaganda and education 1580 01:13:24,504 --> 01:13:25,353 teaching us to think in a certain way. 1581 01:13:26,885 --> 01:13:27,823 When applied to the large corporation, 1582 01:13:29,124 --> 01:13:30,753 it's that the corporation was inevitable, 1583 01:13:32,142 --> 01:13:33,475 that it's indispensable, 1584 01:13:33,475 --> 01:13:34,573 that is somehow is remarkably efficient, 1585 01:13:35,536 --> 01:13:39,202 and that it is responsible for progress and a good life. 1586 01:13:40,256 --> 01:13:43,006 (dazzling music) 1587 01:13:52,326 --> 01:13:54,473 - Perception management is a very interesting concept. 1588 01:13:55,315 --> 01:13:56,148 It's basically a methodology 1589 01:13:57,358 --> 01:13:59,410 which helps us when we work with our clients 1590 01:14:00,336 --> 01:14:02,886 to go through a very systematic, thoughtful process 1591 01:14:04,283 --> 01:14:06,683 in order to be able to help our clients identify 1592 01:14:07,724 --> 01:14:09,173 what the resources are that they have, 1593 01:14:10,063 --> 01:14:11,643 what the barriers to their success are, 1594 01:14:12,514 --> 01:14:14,000 and how we can use communications 1595 01:14:14,884 --> 01:14:16,714 to help them accomplish their objectives. 1596 01:14:16,714 --> 01:14:19,381 (relaxed music) 1597 01:14:26,890 --> 01:14:29,040 If Michael or Angelica came to me and said, 1598 01:14:29,893 --> 01:14:32,243 "Dad, what do you do, and why is it important?" 1599 01:14:34,304 --> 01:14:36,010 my answer to that question is basically 1600 01:14:36,972 --> 01:14:38,914 that I help corporations have a voice. 1601 01:14:38,914 --> 01:14:41,664 (pleasant music) 1602 01:14:45,645 --> 01:14:47,864 And I help corporations share the point of view 1603 01:14:47,864 --> 01:14:49,382 about how they feel about things. 1604 01:14:49,382 --> 01:14:52,132 (cheerful music) 1605 01:14:54,524 --> 01:14:55,702 - They're selling themselves. 1606 01:14:55,702 --> 01:14:56,823 They're selling their domination. 1607 01:14:57,982 --> 01:14:59,181 They're selling their rule, 1608 01:14:59,181 --> 01:15:00,014 and they're creating an image for themselves 1609 01:15:00,991 --> 01:15:02,063 as just regular folks down the block. 1610 01:15:04,431 --> 01:15:05,264 - Hi, how you all doing today? 1611 01:15:06,614 --> 01:15:08,364 Good to see you. 1612 01:15:08,364 --> 01:15:10,793 How are you doing today? 1613 01:15:10,793 --> 01:15:12,852 Hi, how you doing today? 1614 01:15:12,852 --> 01:15:14,037 We're from Pfizer. 1615 01:15:14,037 --> 01:15:15,105 We're your neighbors. 1616 01:15:15,105 --> 01:15:15,938 You're in the new houses? - Huh? 1617 01:15:16,967 --> 01:15:17,800 - Are you in the new houses? 1618 01:15:17,800 --> 01:15:18,781 - Yeah, just right there. 1619 01:15:18,781 --> 01:15:19,923 - Oh, these are some neighbors. 1620 01:15:21,731 --> 01:15:22,760 Can we say hello? 1621 01:15:22,760 --> 01:15:23,758 - Huh? 1622 01:15:23,758 --> 01:15:24,591 - Can we say hello just for a minute? 1623 01:15:26,741 --> 01:15:27,843 So what do you think of the neighborhood now? 1624 01:15:28,821 --> 01:15:29,654 - [Woman] It's all right, it's good. 1625 01:15:30,549 --> 01:15:31,928 - Yeah, I think it's been getting better 1626 01:15:31,928 --> 01:15:34,099 over the last 20 years that I've been coming here. 1627 01:15:34,099 --> 01:15:35,688 - Yeah, yeah. - Yeah. 1628 01:15:35,688 --> 01:15:36,606 So I think together, 1629 01:15:36,606 --> 01:15:39,059 working with you and Pfizer and our other partnership 1630 01:15:39,898 --> 01:15:40,956 we'll make this a better place. 1631 01:15:40,956 --> 01:15:42,055 - Okay. - Okay. 1632 01:15:42,055 --> 01:15:42,888 - Bye. - Nice to see you, 1633 01:15:42,888 --> 01:15:43,721 Miss Fraser, bye. 1634 01:15:48,226 --> 01:15:49,333 There used to be a lot of crime at this subway. 1635 01:15:50,644 --> 01:15:51,500 One night as I was going home 1636 01:15:52,466 --> 01:15:53,783 I got caught and was almost mugged, 1637 01:15:56,716 --> 01:15:58,416 and so we decided to make a change 1638 01:15:59,767 --> 01:16:00,600 to make this community better. 1639 01:16:02,316 --> 01:16:04,733 (calm music) 1640 01:16:05,897 --> 01:16:09,063 We're looking at turnstiles that prevent fare beating. 1641 01:16:10,836 --> 01:16:12,583 It used to be that you could just hop right over. 1642 01:16:13,996 --> 01:16:16,473 So Pfizer, in collaboration with the Transit Authority, 1643 01:16:17,458 --> 01:16:18,658 actually purchased these 1644 01:16:20,967 --> 01:16:21,800 machines. 1645 01:16:26,354 --> 01:16:28,650 This is a talk-back box that allows us to speak 1646 01:16:29,965 --> 01:16:31,607 to the Pfizer guard, 1647 01:16:31,607 --> 01:16:33,463 which is approximately 500 yards from here. 1648 01:16:35,428 --> 01:16:37,097 Now I haven't seen the Pfizer guard today, 1649 01:16:37,097 --> 01:16:38,596 but I'm gonna see if I can call him. 1650 01:16:38,596 --> 01:16:39,429 If he's not, I'll have to go wake him up. 1651 01:16:41,027 --> 01:16:42,093 Hello, hello, Tom Klein speaking. 1652 01:16:46,215 --> 01:16:48,665 So I'm sure before we're through he'll call back. 1653 01:16:49,527 --> 01:16:51,388 But particularly on the off hours, 1654 01:16:51,388 --> 01:16:54,010 this allows a passenger to call directly 1655 01:16:55,516 --> 01:16:56,903 to the Pfizer desk for assistance, 1656 01:16:58,036 --> 01:17:00,586 and then the Pfizer guard calls the transit police, 1657 01:17:01,548 --> 01:17:04,493 and the transit police respond to any crime situation. 1658 01:17:05,839 --> 01:17:07,028 As a result of all this, 1659 01:17:07,028 --> 01:17:08,540 crime is down in the station. 1660 01:17:08,540 --> 01:17:10,293 It's much safer for our community partners. 1661 01:17:11,260 --> 01:17:12,093 Thank you. 1662 01:17:15,988 --> 01:17:17,278 (laughs) 1663 01:17:17,278 --> 01:17:21,028 We'll press the other button just to be sure. 1664 01:17:22,628 --> 01:17:24,295 Tom speaking, hello. 1665 01:17:26,099 --> 01:17:28,240 We'll stop over and see him personally. (laughs) 1666 01:17:28,240 --> 01:17:30,990 (careless music) 1667 01:17:35,880 --> 01:17:37,200 - It's tough. 1668 01:17:37,200 --> 01:17:39,880 They're putting some taxpayer and shareholder money 1669 01:17:39,880 --> 01:17:41,380 into helping, and who can say, 1670 01:17:42,618 --> 01:17:44,589 but that money should be going to the taxpayers 1671 01:17:44,589 --> 01:17:45,422 to decide what to do. 1672 01:17:47,290 --> 01:17:49,083 And while they're doing those sort of nice things, 1673 01:17:49,989 --> 01:17:51,200 they're also playing a role 1674 01:17:51,200 --> 01:17:53,148 in lowering taxes for corporations 1675 01:17:53,148 --> 01:17:54,070 and lowering taxes for wealthy people 1676 01:17:55,130 --> 01:17:56,183 and reconfiguring public policy. 1677 01:17:57,657 --> 01:17:58,538 What we don't see is all 1678 01:17:58,538 --> 01:17:59,989 that reconfiguring going on. 1679 01:17:59,989 --> 01:18:01,043 We don't see them vacuum out the money, 1680 01:18:02,237 --> 01:18:03,613 vacuum out the insides of public processes, 1681 01:18:04,629 --> 01:18:05,643 but we do see the nice facade. 1682 01:18:07,789 --> 01:18:08,898 (cash register dings) 1683 01:18:08,898 --> 01:18:11,648 (pleasant music) 1684 01:18:35,400 --> 01:18:36,693 - When I was researching the takeover of public space, 1685 01:18:37,534 --> 01:18:39,344 when I started off I thought, 1686 01:18:39,344 --> 01:18:40,763 "Okay, this is just advertising. 1687 01:18:40,763 --> 01:18:42,184 "We've always had advertising. 1688 01:18:42,184 --> 01:18:43,017 "It's just more advertising." 1689 01:18:44,403 --> 01:18:46,100 But what I started to understand and what I understand now 1690 01:18:46,943 --> 01:18:48,963 is that branding is not advertising, 1691 01:18:48,963 --> 01:18:50,123 it's production, 1692 01:18:50,123 --> 01:18:52,403 and very successful corporations, 1693 01:18:52,403 --> 01:18:54,064 the corporations of the future, 1694 01:18:54,064 --> 01:18:55,715 do not produce products, 1695 01:18:55,715 --> 01:18:56,693 they produce brand meaning. 1696 01:18:58,574 --> 01:19:00,180 The dissemination of the idea of themselves 1697 01:19:01,123 --> 01:19:02,675 is their act of production, 1698 01:19:02,675 --> 01:19:05,041 and the dissemination of the idea of themselves 1699 01:19:05,041 --> 01:19:06,742 is an enormously invasive project. 1700 01:19:08,174 --> 01:19:09,583 So how do you make a brand idea real? 1701 01:19:10,532 --> 01:19:11,930 Well, a good place to start is 1702 01:19:12,875 --> 01:19:15,875 by building a three-dimensional manifestation of your brand. 1703 01:19:17,454 --> 01:19:20,383 For a company like Disney it goes even further, 1704 01:19:20,383 --> 01:19:22,403 where it's actually building a town, 1705 01:19:22,403 --> 01:19:23,803 Celebration, Florida. 1706 01:19:23,803 --> 01:19:26,043 - Currently there are about 5,000 residents 1707 01:19:26,043 --> 01:19:26,876 who call Celebration home, 1708 01:19:27,824 --> 01:19:30,635 and there are about 1,300 single-family homes, 1709 01:19:30,635 --> 01:19:33,085 a town center that's a place where people gather, 1710 01:19:34,331 --> 01:19:36,281 that has about four or five restaurants 1711 01:19:37,563 --> 01:19:39,063 and about a dozen other shops. 1712 01:19:41,174 --> 01:19:42,260 - [Naomi] Their inspiration, their brand image 1713 01:19:43,134 --> 01:19:44,670 is the all-American family 1714 01:19:46,043 --> 01:19:47,233 and the sort of bygone American town. 1715 01:19:48,403 --> 01:19:50,986 (joyful music) 1716 01:20:07,843 --> 01:20:09,693 - Their brand driver is family magic. 1717 01:20:11,312 --> 01:20:12,280 And everything that that company does 1718 01:20:13,712 --> 01:20:15,362 is in and around those two words. 1719 01:20:16,952 --> 01:20:18,701 If you take that, 1720 01:20:18,701 --> 01:20:21,701 a branded environment such as a Disney World or a Disneyland 1721 01:20:22,742 --> 01:20:24,592 is a logical extension of that brand. 1722 01:20:25,752 --> 01:20:28,250 Film, animated film, family-oriented film 1723 01:20:29,643 --> 01:20:30,843 is a very logical extension of that. 1724 01:20:32,422 --> 01:20:34,472 As a business though, they also know that 1725 01:20:35,483 --> 01:20:38,020 if they want to get into other forms of entertainment 1726 01:20:39,192 --> 01:20:40,742 that does not fit family magic, 1727 01:20:41,992 --> 01:20:42,873 they do not brand it Disney. 1728 01:20:44,992 --> 01:20:47,742 If they want to get into adult, more serious type fare, 1729 01:20:49,402 --> 01:20:50,473 when it comes to film they brand it Touchstone. 1730 01:20:52,043 --> 01:20:53,102 (exploding) 1731 01:20:53,102 --> 01:20:54,303 - The Disney brand speaks of reassurance, 1732 01:20:55,403 --> 01:20:56,403 it speaks of tradition, 1733 01:20:56,403 --> 01:20:57,912 it speaks of quality, 1734 01:20:57,912 --> 01:20:58,745 and you can see that here 1735 01:20:59,651 --> 01:21:00,803 in this community that we've built. 1736 01:21:02,192 --> 01:21:04,011 - And that's where you see the truly 1737 01:21:04,011 --> 01:21:05,753 imperialist aspirations of branding, 1738 01:21:06,643 --> 01:21:09,993 which is about building these privatized branded cocoons, 1739 01:21:11,451 --> 01:21:14,061 which maybe you start by shopping in 1740 01:21:14,061 --> 01:21:16,611 and then you you continue by holidaying in, 1741 01:21:16,611 --> 01:21:18,243 but eventually why not just move in? 1742 01:21:19,323 --> 01:21:21,742 (energetic music) 1743 01:21:21,742 --> 01:21:22,575 - [Jeremy] What happens if we wake up one day 1744 01:21:24,089 --> 01:21:27,043 and we find out that virtually all of our relationships 1745 01:21:27,043 --> 01:21:29,563 that are mediated between us and our fellow human beings 1746 01:21:29,563 --> 01:21:31,451 are commercial, 1747 01:21:31,451 --> 01:21:33,340 we find out that virtually every relationship we have 1748 01:21:34,803 --> 01:21:36,080 is a commercially arbitrated relationship 1749 01:21:37,032 --> 01:21:38,431 with our fellow human being? 1750 01:21:38,431 --> 01:21:39,340 Can civilization survive 1751 01:21:40,763 --> 01:21:42,363 on that narrower definition 1752 01:21:42,363 --> 01:21:43,196 of how we interact with each other? 1753 01:21:45,050 --> 01:21:46,532 - Wow, what a dream. 1754 01:21:48,611 --> 01:21:51,443 (perplexed music) 1755 01:21:52,571 --> 01:21:54,580 - I could give you a day in the life of a person 1756 01:21:56,291 --> 01:21:58,472 who might be the target of undercover marketing, 1757 01:21:58,472 --> 01:21:59,771 and I will tell you that 1758 01:21:59,771 --> 01:22:02,153 some of these things are happening right now around you. 1759 01:22:03,321 --> 01:22:05,073 So you walk out of your building in the morning, some city, 1760 01:22:05,912 --> 01:22:06,942 and you walk by the doorman, 1761 01:22:06,942 --> 01:22:08,472 you say, "Hey, good morning," 1762 01:22:08,472 --> 01:22:10,410 and you notice there's a bunch of boxes at his feet 1763 01:22:11,271 --> 01:22:13,271 from some online or mail-order retailer, 1764 01:22:14,131 --> 01:22:15,462 and there's a bunch of boxes there 1765 01:22:15,462 --> 01:22:17,443 with of course big brand message on it. 1766 01:22:17,443 --> 01:22:18,662 You walk out, think, 1767 01:22:18,662 --> 01:22:19,897 "Wow, a lot of people must be ordering from that company." 1768 01:22:20,771 --> 01:22:23,171 What you don't know is that we paid the doorman 1769 01:22:23,171 --> 01:22:24,004 to keep those empty boxes there. 1770 01:22:25,483 --> 01:22:26,992 You walk out into the street 1771 01:22:26,992 --> 01:22:28,760 and you hear some people having kind of a loud conversation 1772 01:22:29,611 --> 01:22:30,950 about a musical act 1773 01:22:32,592 --> 01:22:34,662 and they're kind of passing the headphones back and forth, 1774 01:22:34,662 --> 01:22:36,152 like, "Wow, this is great." 1775 01:22:36,152 --> 01:22:37,832 - That is really-- - That good? 1776 01:22:37,832 --> 01:22:39,390 - [Jonathan] "Hey, do you know that 1777 01:22:39,390 --> 01:22:41,462 "I heard this CD is really hard to find, 1778 01:22:41,462 --> 01:22:42,666 "but I heard they sell it at Store X." 1779 01:22:44,053 --> 01:22:45,342 - I'm gonna go pick it up. 1780 01:22:45,342 --> 01:22:46,175 It's so good. 1781 01:22:46,175 --> 01:22:47,061 - It's great, isn't it? - Yeah. 1782 01:22:47,061 --> 01:22:47,963 - You hear that you register it 1783 01:22:47,963 --> 01:22:49,963 and you might kind of pick up on that, 1784 01:22:49,963 --> 01:22:50,796 and maybe later on you'll think, 1785 01:22:51,632 --> 01:22:52,982 "Hey, I wonder what the hot act is banging." 1786 01:22:52,982 --> 01:22:54,094 That might be in your head. 1787 01:22:54,094 --> 01:22:55,512 Now you get into your office 1788 01:22:55,512 --> 01:22:58,302 and there's a certain brand of water in the refrigerator. 1789 01:22:58,302 --> 01:22:59,385 What is that? 1790 01:23:00,312 --> 01:23:01,803 You take it out, you drink it, you slug it down, 1791 01:23:01,803 --> 01:23:04,651 it's there, and not really thinking about it, 1792 01:23:04,651 --> 01:23:05,484 "Wow, that's pretty good water." 1793 01:23:07,392 --> 01:23:08,559 Who knows? 1794 01:23:08,559 --> 01:23:09,931 Maybe someone placed the water there. 1795 01:23:09,931 --> 01:23:11,032 You kind of go out for your lunch break, 1796 01:23:11,032 --> 01:23:11,902 you're sitting in the park 1797 01:23:11,902 --> 01:23:14,458 and people are kind of out there talking in the park, 1798 01:23:14,458 --> 01:23:15,782 and bang, all the sudden you see another message. 1799 01:23:20,070 --> 01:23:22,270 By the time you go to bed you've probably received 1800 01:23:23,510 --> 01:23:25,263 eight or nine different undercover messages. 1801 01:23:26,818 --> 01:23:27,652 People are always thinking, 1802 01:23:27,652 --> 01:23:29,150 "Well, oh, I know product placement, 1803 01:23:29,150 --> 01:23:30,771 "that's when they put stuff in movies." 1804 01:23:30,771 --> 01:23:32,360 Well, yes, kind of. 1805 01:23:32,360 --> 01:23:34,211 I mean, that's definitely traditional product placement, 1806 01:23:34,211 --> 01:23:36,411 but real-life product placement is just that, 1807 01:23:36,411 --> 01:23:38,282 placing stuff in movies, but the movie's actually your life. 1808 01:23:40,030 --> 01:23:40,863 We'll take a group of attainable 1809 01:23:42,068 --> 01:23:43,582 but still aspirational people. 1810 01:23:43,582 --> 01:23:44,599 They're not supermodels. 1811 01:23:44,599 --> 01:23:45,432 They're kind of people just like you. 1812 01:23:46,760 --> 01:23:48,182 They're doing something for us, 1813 01:23:48,182 --> 01:23:50,502 whether they're having a certain kind of drink 1814 01:23:50,502 --> 01:23:51,960 or they're using a certain laundry detergent, 1815 01:23:51,960 --> 01:23:53,571 whatever it may be. 1816 01:23:53,571 --> 01:23:55,983 They are the roach motel, if you will. 1817 01:23:57,422 --> 01:23:58,600 People are gonna come over to them 1818 01:23:58,600 --> 01:24:00,003 and they're gonna give them this little piece of brand bait. 1819 01:24:02,182 --> 01:24:03,263 Could be a soundbite of knowledge or a ritual. 1820 01:24:04,811 --> 01:24:06,510 Consumers will get that piece of roach bait 1821 01:24:06,510 --> 01:24:08,240 and then they'll take it, they go, "Oh, pretty cool," 1822 01:24:08,240 --> 01:24:09,223 and then they go out and they spread it to their friends. 1823 01:24:11,331 --> 01:24:12,411 If you want to be critical, 1824 01:24:12,411 --> 01:24:13,720 if you want to go through your life like that, 1825 01:24:13,720 --> 01:24:15,370 sure, be critical of every single person 1826 01:24:15,370 --> 01:24:17,708 that walks up to you, 1827 01:24:17,708 --> 01:24:19,160 but if they're showing you something that fits 1828 01:24:19,160 --> 01:24:19,993 and something that works 1829 01:24:19,993 --> 01:24:21,083 and something that makes your life better in some way, 1830 01:24:22,451 --> 01:24:23,609 well then who cares? 1831 01:24:23,609 --> 01:24:24,759 Again, just say thanks. 1832 01:24:32,302 --> 01:24:34,885 (veiled music) 1833 01:24:36,607 --> 01:24:37,440 - [Narrator] Today the job of building this nation 1834 01:24:38,448 --> 01:24:39,443 geographically is completed. 1835 01:24:41,019 --> 01:24:42,643 There are no new frontiers within our borders. 1836 01:24:44,710 --> 01:24:46,710 So to what new horizons can we look now? 1837 01:24:48,539 --> 01:24:49,553 Where are tomorrow's opportunities? 1838 01:24:51,208 --> 01:24:53,208 What's ahead for you, for your children? 1839 01:24:55,128 --> 01:24:56,823 The frontiers of the future are not on any map. 1840 01:24:58,659 --> 01:24:59,940 They are in the test tubes and laboratories 1841 01:25:01,000 --> 01:25:02,088 of the great industries. 1842 01:25:02,088 --> 01:25:05,421 (calm electronic music) 1843 01:25:08,539 --> 01:25:11,184 - The Chakrabarty case was one of the great judicial moments 1844 01:25:11,184 --> 01:25:12,867 in world history, 1845 01:25:12,867 --> 01:25:16,068 and the public was totally unaware it was actually happening 1846 01:25:16,068 --> 01:25:17,263 as the process was being engaged. 1847 01:25:18,548 --> 01:25:20,530 General Electric and Professor Chakrabarty 1848 01:25:21,406 --> 01:25:22,606 went to the Patent Office 1849 01:25:22,606 --> 01:25:24,183 with a little microbe that eats up oil spills. 1850 01:25:25,476 --> 01:25:28,045 They said they had modified this microbe in the laboratory, 1851 01:25:28,045 --> 01:25:28,878 and therefore it was an invention. 1852 01:25:30,166 --> 01:25:31,617 The Patent Office of the U.S. government 1853 01:25:31,617 --> 01:25:33,343 took a look at this, quote, invention 1854 01:25:33,343 --> 01:25:35,702 and they said, "No way. 1855 01:25:35,702 --> 01:25:37,093 "The patent statutes don't cover living things. 1856 01:25:38,316 --> 01:25:39,903 "This is not an invention." 1857 01:25:39,903 --> 01:25:41,396 Turned down. 1858 01:25:41,396 --> 01:25:42,920 Then General Electric and Dr. Chakrabarty 1859 01:25:43,796 --> 01:25:45,263 appealed to the U.S. Customs Court of Appeal, 1860 01:25:46,756 --> 01:25:48,257 and to everyone's surprise, 1861 01:25:48,257 --> 01:25:49,756 by a three-to-two decision, 1862 01:25:49,756 --> 01:25:51,286 they overrode the Patent Office. 1863 01:25:51,286 --> 01:25:55,286 ♪ GE we bring good things to life ♪ 1864 01:25:55,286 --> 01:25:56,990 - And they said, "This microbe looks more like a detergent 1865 01:25:58,236 --> 01:25:59,947 "or a reagent than a horse or a honeybee." 1866 01:26:01,125 --> 01:26:04,105 I laughed because they didn't understand basic biology. 1867 01:26:04,105 --> 01:26:05,446 It looked like a chemical to them. 1868 01:26:05,446 --> 01:26:08,297 Had it had an antenna or eyes or wings or legs, 1869 01:26:08,297 --> 01:26:11,197 it would never have crossed their table and been patented. 1870 01:26:12,686 --> 01:26:13,523 Then the Patent Office appealed. 1871 01:26:14,925 --> 01:26:16,326 And what the public should realize now 1872 01:26:16,326 --> 01:26:17,846 is the Patent Office was very clear 1873 01:26:17,846 --> 01:26:20,836 that you can't patent life. 1874 01:26:20,836 --> 01:26:23,536 My organization provided the main amicus curiae brief. 1875 01:26:25,644 --> 01:26:27,473 "If you allow the patent on this microbe," we argued, 1876 01:26:28,804 --> 01:26:31,105 "It means that without any congressional guidance 1877 01:26:31,105 --> 01:26:31,938 "or public discussion, 1878 01:26:33,084 --> 01:26:34,416 "corporations will own the blueprints of life." 1879 01:26:36,785 --> 01:26:37,665 When they made the decision, 1880 01:26:37,665 --> 01:26:38,964 we lost by five to four, 1881 01:26:38,964 --> 01:26:40,924 and Chief Justice Warren Burger said, 1882 01:26:40,924 --> 01:26:42,723 "Sure, some of these are big issues, 1883 01:26:42,723 --> 01:26:44,317 "but we think this is a small decision." 1884 01:26:45,839 --> 01:26:47,553 Seven years later the U.S. Patent Office 1885 01:26:47,553 --> 01:26:48,386 issued a one-sentence decree, 1886 01:26:49,892 --> 01:26:51,300 "You can patent anything in the world that's alive 1887 01:26:52,503 --> 01:26:53,427 "except a full-birth human being." 1888 01:26:54,793 --> 01:26:57,293 (eerie music) 1889 01:26:58,420 --> 01:27:00,135 - [Newscaster] The Supreme Court of the United States 1890 01:27:00,135 --> 01:27:03,135 ruled today that living organisms produced in the laboratory 1891 01:27:04,175 --> 01:27:05,353 may be patented. 1892 01:27:05,353 --> 01:27:06,735 This decision to extend patenting... 1893 01:27:06,735 --> 01:27:08,456 - [Man] The U.S. Supreme Court had to decide 1894 01:27:08,456 --> 01:27:11,300 was whether one man or one company should be 1895 01:27:11,300 --> 01:27:12,900 able to control new forms of life. 1896 01:27:13,952 --> 01:27:15,610 - [Woman] If we allow any company or college 1897 01:27:16,640 --> 01:27:18,043 to exclusively own a species, 1898 01:27:19,112 --> 01:27:22,232 what does that say about our reverence for life? 1899 01:27:22,232 --> 01:27:23,138 - [Newscaster] Researchers at Harvard 1900 01:27:23,138 --> 01:27:24,891 manipulated the genes of mice, 1901 01:27:24,891 --> 01:27:26,523 making their offspring more susceptible to cancer. 1902 01:27:27,571 --> 01:27:28,699 They patented the Harvard Mouse 1903 01:27:28,699 --> 01:27:29,753 in the U.S, Europe, and Japan. 1904 01:27:30,611 --> 01:27:33,747 - [Man] The legal battle finally came to an end today. 1905 01:27:33,747 --> 01:27:35,338 The Supreme Court of Canada 1906 01:27:35,338 --> 01:27:39,219 ruled the genetically engineered mouse Canada patented. 1907 01:27:39,219 --> 01:27:41,872 - [Woman] Canadians don't think that life forms 1908 01:27:41,872 --> 01:27:42,705 are inventions of industry, like 1909 01:27:43,856 --> 01:27:44,689 light bulbs and widgets. - Bio-prospecting. 1910 01:27:44,689 --> 01:27:46,056 - [Woman] cientists and drug companies 1911 01:27:46,056 --> 01:27:47,948 search the planet for genes. 1912 01:27:47,948 --> 01:27:49,438 - [Woman] Companies scouring planet 1913 01:27:49,438 --> 01:27:50,583 looking for valuable DNA, 1914 01:27:51,699 --> 01:27:52,767 genes they can patent and sell. 1915 01:27:54,099 --> 01:27:55,747 - [Man] Feels like the Wild West. 1916 01:27:55,747 --> 01:27:58,219 We've got bandits going around the world, 1917 01:27:58,219 --> 01:27:59,208 collecting wherever they can, 1918 01:27:59,208 --> 01:28:00,267 sometimes under false pretenses. 1919 01:28:00,267 --> 01:28:01,574 - [Woman] Because it's been so isolated, 1920 01:28:01,574 --> 01:28:02,950 Newfoundland has a unique gene pool, 1921 01:28:03,854 --> 01:28:05,081 and there's been so much interest 1922 01:28:05,081 --> 01:28:06,059 for gene prospectors-- - My genetic imprint-- 1923 01:28:06,059 --> 01:28:07,910 - That the government is funding a study. 1924 01:28:07,910 --> 01:28:10,462 - [Woman] Really has been taken away from me. 1925 01:28:10,462 --> 01:28:11,730 - [Man] Instead of being the impartial pursuit of the truth 1926 01:28:12,608 --> 01:28:14,969 has become the pursuit of profit. 1927 01:28:14,969 --> 01:28:17,636 (strange music) 1928 01:28:24,389 --> 01:28:26,531 - We've all been hearing about the announcement 1929 01:28:26,531 --> 01:28:27,364 that we have mapped the human genome, 1930 01:28:28,491 --> 01:28:30,450 but what the public doesn't know is 1931 01:28:30,450 --> 01:28:33,379 now there's a great race by genomic companies 1932 01:28:33,379 --> 01:28:34,610 and biotech companies and life science companies 1933 01:28:35,630 --> 01:28:36,843 to find the treasure in the map. 1934 01:28:37,771 --> 01:28:39,510 The treasure are the individual genes 1935 01:28:39,510 --> 01:28:41,223 that make up the blueprint of the human race. 1936 01:28:42,279 --> 01:28:43,723 Every time they capture a gene and isolate it, 1937 01:28:44,619 --> 01:28:46,663 these biotech companies claim it as intellectual property. 1938 01:28:47,790 --> 01:28:49,452 The breast cancer gene, the cystic fibrosis gene, 1939 01:28:50,360 --> 01:28:51,323 it goes on and on and on. 1940 01:28:52,401 --> 01:28:53,723 If this goes unchallenged in the world community, 1941 01:28:55,470 --> 01:28:56,303 within less than 10 years, 1942 01:28:57,550 --> 01:28:58,430 a handful of global companies will own 1943 01:28:59,269 --> 01:29:00,102 directly or through license 1944 01:29:01,468 --> 01:29:04,418 the actual genes that make up the evolution of our species. 1945 01:29:05,321 --> 01:29:07,481 And they're now beginning to patent the genomes 1946 01:29:07,481 --> 01:29:09,113 of every other creature on this planet. 1947 01:29:11,241 --> 01:29:12,930 In the age of biology the politics is gonna sort out 1948 01:29:13,817 --> 01:29:15,753 between those who believe life first has intrinsic value, 1949 01:29:16,771 --> 01:29:18,508 and therefore we should choose technologies 1950 01:29:18,508 --> 01:29:19,341 and commercial venues 1951 01:29:20,243 --> 01:29:21,753 that honor the intrinsic value, 1952 01:29:22,961 --> 01:29:24,150 and then we're gonna have people who believe, 1953 01:29:24,150 --> 01:29:25,093 "Look, life is simply utility. 1954 01:29:26,131 --> 01:29:27,691 "It's commercial fare." 1955 01:29:27,691 --> 01:29:29,189 And they will line up with the idea 1956 01:29:29,189 --> 01:29:31,411 to let the marketplace be the ultimate arbiter 1957 01:29:31,411 --> 01:29:32,244 of all of the age of biology. 1958 01:29:33,350 --> 01:29:36,517 (calm acoustic music) 1959 01:29:38,662 --> 01:29:39,541 - [Narrator] In a world economy 1960 01:29:39,541 --> 01:29:41,840 where information is filtered by global media corporations 1961 01:29:42,862 --> 01:29:44,563 keenly attuned to their powerful advertisers, 1962 01:29:45,822 --> 01:29:46,873 who will defend the public's right to know? 1963 01:29:48,243 --> 01:29:49,403 And what price must be paid 1964 01:29:49,403 --> 01:29:51,213 to preserve our ability to make informed choices? 1965 01:29:52,411 --> 01:29:54,911 (tense music) 1966 01:30:03,022 --> 01:30:03,990 - What Fox Television told us was that 1967 01:30:04,843 --> 01:30:06,263 we were just the people to be the investigators. 1968 01:30:07,309 --> 01:30:08,522 - Do any stories you want, 1969 01:30:08,522 --> 01:30:10,063 ask tough questions and get answers. 1970 01:30:11,211 --> 01:30:12,211 So we thought, "This is great. 1971 01:30:12,211 --> 01:30:13,403 "This is a dream job. 1972 01:30:13,403 --> 01:30:14,238 "Fantastic." 1973 01:30:14,238 --> 01:30:15,090 The very first thing they had us do 1974 01:30:15,931 --> 01:30:17,233 was not to research stories 1975 01:30:17,233 --> 01:30:18,711 but to shoot this promo 1976 01:30:18,711 --> 01:30:19,782 which was The Investigators. 1977 01:30:22,800 --> 01:30:24,330 - [Man] Uncovering the truth, getting results, 1978 01:30:25,313 --> 01:30:26,702 protecting you. 1979 01:30:26,702 --> 01:30:28,230 - [Jane] And they had a film crew and a smoke machine 1980 01:30:29,321 --> 01:30:31,622 and we were silhouetted. 1981 01:30:31,622 --> 01:30:32,680 - One of the first stories that Jane came up with 1982 01:30:33,593 --> 01:30:35,491 was the revelation that 1983 01:30:35,491 --> 01:30:36,420 most of the milk in the state of Florida 1984 01:30:37,321 --> 01:30:38,761 and throughout much of the country 1985 01:30:38,761 --> 01:30:42,102 was adulterated with the effects of bovine growth hormone. 1986 01:30:42,102 --> 01:30:43,382 (cow moos) 1987 01:30:43,382 --> 01:30:44,215 - With Monsanto I didn't realize 1988 01:30:45,439 --> 01:30:47,639 how effectively a corporation could work 1989 01:30:47,639 --> 01:30:48,753 to get something on the marketplace, 1990 01:30:49,742 --> 01:30:51,013 the levels of coordination they had to have. 1991 01:30:51,952 --> 01:30:53,583 They had to get university professors into the fold. 1992 01:30:54,662 --> 01:30:55,863 They had to get experts into the fold. 1993 01:30:56,713 --> 01:30:57,883 They had to get reporters into the fold. 1994 01:30:58,831 --> 01:30:59,664 They had to get the public into the fold. 1995 01:31:00,520 --> 01:31:02,063 And of course the FDA, let's not leave them out. 1996 01:31:02,902 --> 01:31:04,059 They had to get the federal regulators convinced 1997 01:31:04,961 --> 01:31:06,750 that this was a fine and safe product, 1998 01:31:06,750 --> 01:31:08,611 to get it onto the marketplace. 1999 01:31:08,611 --> 01:31:09,443 And they did that. 2000 01:31:09,443 --> 01:31:10,420 They did that very, very well 2001 01:31:12,313 --> 01:31:14,563 - Posilac is the single most tested new product in history, 2002 01:31:15,743 --> 01:31:18,326 and it's now available to you specifically, 2003 01:31:18,326 --> 01:31:19,702 so you can increase your profit potential. 2004 01:31:20,846 --> 01:31:22,400 - The federal government basically rubber-stamped it 2005 01:31:23,345 --> 01:31:24,353 before they put it on the marketplace. 2006 01:31:25,494 --> 01:31:26,970 The longest test they did for human toxicity 2007 01:31:28,075 --> 01:31:29,193 was 90 days on 30 rats, 2008 01:31:30,294 --> 01:31:33,770 and then either Monsanto misreported the results to the FDA 2009 01:31:35,145 --> 01:31:37,223 or the FDA didn't bother to look in depth 2010 01:31:37,223 --> 01:31:38,293 at Monsanto's own studies. 2011 01:31:39,782 --> 01:31:40,870 - [Steve] The scientists within Health Canada 2012 01:31:41,744 --> 01:31:42,870 looked very carefully at bovine growth hormone 2013 01:31:43,763 --> 01:31:45,355 and came to very different conclusions 2014 01:31:45,355 --> 01:31:47,083 than the Food and Drug Administration in the U.S. did. 2015 01:31:48,773 --> 01:31:49,870 - Monsanto's engineered growth hormone 2016 01:31:50,923 --> 01:31:52,413 did not comply with safety requirements. 2017 01:31:53,353 --> 01:31:54,363 It could be absorbed by the body, 2018 01:31:55,254 --> 01:31:57,253 and therefore did have implications for human health. 2019 01:31:58,321 --> 01:32:01,032 Mysteriously, that conclusion was deleted 2020 01:32:01,032 --> 01:32:02,470 from the final published version of their report 2021 01:32:04,130 --> 01:32:06,294 - I personally was very concerned that 2022 01:32:06,294 --> 01:32:09,053 there's a very serious problem of secrecy, conspiracy, 2023 01:32:10,243 --> 01:32:11,103 and things of that nature. 2024 01:32:12,441 --> 01:32:13,450 We have been pressured and coerced 2025 01:32:14,673 --> 01:32:16,523 to pass drugs of questionable safety, 2026 01:32:17,620 --> 01:32:18,570 including the rBST. 2027 01:32:19,963 --> 01:32:21,083 - [Steve] We wrote the story. 2028 01:32:21,083 --> 01:32:21,933 We had it ready a week beforehand. 2029 01:32:23,262 --> 01:32:24,621 They'd bought ads. 2030 01:32:24,621 --> 01:32:25,723 - [Announcer] Farmers in the milk industry say it's safe, 2031 01:32:26,773 --> 01:32:27,753 but studies suggest a link to cancer. 2032 01:32:28,812 --> 01:32:30,705 Don't miss this special report from the Investigators. 2033 01:32:30,705 --> 01:32:31,538 - That Friday night 2034 01:32:31,538 --> 01:32:32,583 before the Monday this series was to begin, 2035 01:32:33,635 --> 01:32:35,059 the fax machine spit out a letter 2036 01:32:36,075 --> 01:32:38,325 from this very high-priced lawyer in New York 2037 01:32:39,715 --> 01:32:40,793 that Monsanto had hired. 2038 01:32:42,105 --> 01:32:43,246 And it contained a lot of things 2039 01:32:43,246 --> 01:32:44,363 that were just off-the-wall false, 2040 01:32:45,235 --> 01:32:46,068 just demonstrably false. 2041 01:32:47,012 --> 01:32:48,534 But if you didn't know the story 2042 01:32:48,534 --> 01:32:50,133 and you didn't know how we had gone about producing it, 2043 01:32:51,145 --> 01:32:52,566 it would've scared you, 2044 01:32:52,566 --> 01:32:53,833 as a broadcaster, as a manager. 2045 01:32:55,275 --> 01:32:56,320 - [Jane] And they decided that they would pull the story 2046 01:32:57,275 --> 01:32:58,243 and they would just check it one more time. 2047 01:33:00,184 --> 01:33:01,365 - But the bottom line was that 2048 01:33:01,365 --> 01:33:03,184 there was no factual errors in that story. 2049 01:33:03,184 --> 01:33:05,315 Both sides had been heard from. 2050 01:33:05,315 --> 01:33:06,433 Both sides had had an opportunity to speak. 2051 01:33:07,663 --> 01:33:09,643 - One week later, Monsanto sent the second letter, 2052 01:33:10,933 --> 01:33:11,766 and this was even more strongly worded. 2053 01:33:12,814 --> 01:33:15,814 And it said there will be, "Dire consequences for Fox News," 2054 01:33:16,734 --> 01:33:17,683 if the story airs in Florida. 2055 01:33:20,286 --> 01:33:22,206 And this time they freaked. 2056 01:33:22,206 --> 01:33:23,806 They were afraid of being sued, 2057 01:33:23,806 --> 01:33:25,950 and they were also afraid of losing advertising dollars 2058 01:33:26,886 --> 01:33:28,263 at all of the stations owned by Rupert Murdoch. 2059 01:33:29,486 --> 01:33:31,577 And he owned more television stations 2060 01:33:31,577 --> 01:33:32,663 than any other group in America. 2061 01:33:34,235 --> 01:33:35,806 That's 22 television stations. 2062 01:33:35,806 --> 01:33:37,326 That's a lot of advertising dollars, 2063 01:33:37,326 --> 01:33:40,076 for Roundup, aspartame, NutraSweet, and other products. 2064 01:33:41,795 --> 01:33:43,217 - So we got into a battle, 2065 01:33:43,217 --> 01:33:45,567 and the first deal was the new general manager. 2066 01:33:46,606 --> 01:33:47,896 - And his name's Dave. 2067 01:33:47,896 --> 01:33:49,086 And Dave is a salesman, 2068 01:33:49,086 --> 01:33:51,126 and he'd pump your hand, "How ya doing, how ya doing?" 2069 01:33:51,126 --> 01:33:52,434 - Called us upstairs to his office 2070 01:33:52,434 --> 01:33:55,235 and he said, "What would you say if I killed this piece? 2071 01:33:57,193 --> 01:33:59,297 "What if it never ran? 2072 01:33:59,297 --> 01:34:02,434 And we said, "Well, we wouldn't be very happy about that." 2073 01:34:02,434 --> 01:34:04,017 And he said, "Well I could kill it, you know." 2074 01:34:04,017 --> 01:34:05,646 And we said, "Yes, of course, you're the manager. 2075 01:34:05,646 --> 01:34:06,479 "You could kill it. 2076 01:34:06,479 --> 01:34:07,987 "It would never air." 2077 01:34:07,987 --> 01:34:09,817 And he's hemming and he's hawing 2078 01:34:09,817 --> 01:34:10,726 and he's back and he's forth. 2079 01:34:10,726 --> 01:34:11,583 And we couldn't figure out what is this all about. 2080 01:34:12,467 --> 01:34:15,416 And finally he blurted out, "Look, would you tell anybody?" 2081 01:34:17,635 --> 01:34:19,766 I said, "I'm not gonna lie for you." 2082 01:34:19,766 --> 01:34:21,925 About a week later he calls us back to the office and says, 2083 01:34:21,925 --> 01:34:23,043 "Okay, we'd like you to make these changes. 2084 01:34:24,267 --> 01:34:25,837 "In fact, you will make these changes." 2085 01:34:27,205 --> 01:34:28,286 We said, "Well look, let us show you 2086 01:34:28,286 --> 01:34:29,119 "the research that we have, 2087 01:34:30,075 --> 01:34:31,574 "that shows that this information 2088 01:34:31,574 --> 01:34:32,517 "you want us to broadcast isn't true," 2089 01:34:33,394 --> 01:34:34,467 to which he replies, "I don't care about that." 2090 01:34:36,307 --> 01:34:37,587 I said, "Pardon me?" 2091 01:34:37,587 --> 01:34:38,733 And he said, "That's what I have lawyers for. 2092 01:34:39,805 --> 01:34:41,197 "Just write it the way the lawyers want it written." 2093 01:34:42,565 --> 01:34:44,184 I said, "You know, this is news. 2094 01:34:44,184 --> 01:34:45,155 "This is important. 2095 01:34:45,155 --> 01:34:45,987 "This is stuff people need to know." 2096 01:34:47,193 --> 01:34:49,223 And I'll never forget, he didn't pause a beat and he said, 2097 01:34:50,434 --> 01:34:53,184 "We just paid $3 billion for these television stations. 2098 01:34:55,085 --> 01:34:56,293 "We'll tell you what the news is. 2099 01:34:57,627 --> 01:34:58,567 "The news is what we say it is." 2100 01:35:00,057 --> 01:35:01,805 I said, "I'm not doing that." 2101 01:35:01,805 --> 01:35:03,085 And he said, "Well," 2102 01:35:03,085 --> 01:35:04,946 he said, "If you refuse to present this story 2103 01:35:04,946 --> 01:35:06,013 "the way we think it should be presented, 2104 01:35:07,046 --> 01:35:08,467 "you'll be fired for insubordination." 2105 01:35:09,537 --> 01:35:11,240 I said, "I will go to the Federal Communications Commission 2106 01:35:12,166 --> 01:35:14,516 "and I will report that I was fired from my job 2107 01:35:16,065 --> 01:35:17,862 "by you, the licensee of these public airwaves, 2108 01:35:18,826 --> 01:35:20,246 "because I refused to lie to people on the air." 2109 01:35:21,425 --> 01:35:22,443 And it's, "Thank you very much. 2110 01:35:23,427 --> 01:35:25,267 "You'll hear from us right away." 2111 01:35:25,267 --> 01:35:26,683 Well, 24 hours came and went and we didn't hear a thing. 2112 01:35:28,366 --> 01:35:30,094 And about a week later he calls us back 2113 01:35:30,094 --> 01:35:30,927 and now we've changed strategies. 2114 01:35:32,635 --> 01:35:35,535 "How about if we pay you some money and you just go away?" 2115 01:35:38,857 --> 01:35:40,307 And I said, "How much money?" 2116 01:35:42,315 --> 01:35:44,155 because when somebody offers to bribe you like that 2117 01:35:44,155 --> 01:35:45,263 I always want to know if it might be worth it. 2118 01:35:46,297 --> 01:35:48,100 - He was gonna offer us the rest of our year's salary 2119 01:35:49,867 --> 01:35:54,663 if we agreed not to talk about what Monsanto had done, 2120 01:35:56,398 --> 01:35:58,598 to not talk about the Fox corporate response 2121 01:36:00,126 --> 01:36:01,766 in suppressing the story, 2122 01:36:01,766 --> 01:36:03,366 and to not talk about the story, 2123 01:36:05,217 --> 01:36:06,467 not talk about BGH again, 2124 01:36:07,955 --> 01:36:08,955 anywhere, 2125 01:36:08,955 --> 01:36:10,393 not take this story to another news organization, 2126 01:36:11,835 --> 01:36:12,668 zip up. 2127 01:36:13,955 --> 01:36:14,788 - I said, "You mean if I want to go 2128 01:36:14,788 --> 01:36:16,137 "to my daughter's PTA meetings 2129 01:36:16,137 --> 01:36:17,190 "and explain what's in the school milk 2130 01:36:18,535 --> 01:36:19,707 "at the school lunch program, I can't?" 2131 01:36:20,616 --> 01:36:21,449 "No. 2132 01:36:21,449 --> 01:36:23,166 "You can never speak about this anywhere." 2133 01:36:23,166 --> 01:36:25,066 - And Steve says, "Okay, write it up." 2134 01:36:26,005 --> 01:36:28,547 And I'm like, "What are you talking about write it up?" 2135 01:36:29,913 --> 01:36:30,746 And I didn't say anything. 2136 01:36:31,673 --> 01:36:33,280 And Dave, he wrote it up 2137 01:36:35,050 --> 01:36:36,782 and he FedExed it to us a couple days later. 2138 01:36:37,833 --> 01:36:39,532 And he said, "Are you gonna sign?" 2139 01:36:41,171 --> 01:36:42,807 And we said, "Nah, Dave, we're not gonna sign that." 2140 01:36:44,483 --> 01:36:45,316 And he said, "Well send it back, okay?" 2141 01:36:46,611 --> 01:36:48,177 We said, "Nah, Dave, we're not gonna send that back." 2142 01:36:49,130 --> 01:36:51,053 - It was, "Okay, we can't buy you out, 2143 01:36:52,633 --> 01:36:53,982 "we can't shut you up, 2144 01:36:53,982 --> 01:36:55,513 "let's get the story on the air 2145 01:36:55,513 --> 01:36:58,331 "in a way that we can all agree it will go on the air." 2146 01:36:58,331 --> 01:37:00,763 And we started rewriting and editing with their lawyers. 2147 01:37:01,871 --> 01:37:03,280 - Well during this eight month re-review process 2148 01:37:04,193 --> 01:37:05,026 I say jokingly, 2149 01:37:06,251 --> 01:37:07,843 they did things like 2150 01:37:07,843 --> 01:37:09,353 for example they wanted to take out the word cancer. 2151 01:37:10,443 --> 01:37:12,153 You don't have to identify what the potential problem is, 2152 01:37:13,491 --> 01:37:15,303 but just say human health implications. 2153 01:37:17,150 --> 01:37:18,923 Any criticism of Monsanto or its product, 2154 01:37:19,883 --> 01:37:21,443 they either removed it or minimized it. 2155 01:37:23,022 --> 01:37:24,540 And it was very, very clear I would say 2156 01:37:25,803 --> 01:37:27,193 almost every edit they made to the piece, 2157 01:37:28,580 --> 01:37:29,673 that was the aim. 2158 01:37:29,673 --> 01:37:31,713 - And we'd change this and this and this, 2159 01:37:31,713 --> 01:37:32,923 and then that wasn't good enough. 2160 01:37:32,923 --> 01:37:34,263 "Okay, now change this and this and this. 2161 01:37:35,112 --> 01:37:37,111 "Now change this and this." 2162 01:37:37,111 --> 01:37:38,753 Version after version after version. 2163 01:37:40,182 --> 01:37:41,083 83 times. 2164 01:37:42,563 --> 01:37:43,612 - 83 times is unheard of. 2165 01:37:44,593 --> 01:37:45,662 It doesn't happen. 2166 01:37:45,662 --> 01:37:47,802 You shouldn't have to rewrite something 83 times. 2167 01:37:47,802 --> 01:37:49,150 Obviously they didn't want to put the thing on the air 2168 01:37:50,282 --> 01:37:51,803 and they were trying to drive us crazy 2169 01:37:51,803 --> 01:37:52,702 and get us to quit 2170 01:37:52,702 --> 01:37:54,809 or wait until the first window in our contract 2171 01:37:54,809 --> 01:37:55,933 so that they could fire us. 2172 01:37:56,803 --> 01:37:58,500 - They in effect announced that they were going to fire us 2173 01:37:58,500 --> 01:37:59,333 for no cause. 2174 01:38:01,380 --> 01:38:03,553 Well this was a little much. 2175 01:38:03,553 --> 01:38:06,561 - And Steve wrote a letter to the lawyer in Atlanta, 2176 01:38:06,561 --> 01:38:08,219 whose name is Carolyn Forrest, 2177 01:38:08,219 --> 01:38:09,731 the Fox corporate lawyer. 2178 01:38:09,731 --> 01:38:10,760 - And I said, "You know, this isn't about 2179 01:38:11,902 --> 01:38:12,933 "being fired for no cause. 2180 01:38:14,321 --> 01:38:17,120 "You're firing us because we refused to put on the air 2181 01:38:18,486 --> 01:38:20,241 "something that we knew and demonstrated 2182 01:38:20,241 --> 01:38:21,751 "to be false and misleading. 2183 01:38:21,751 --> 01:38:23,321 "That's what this is about, 2184 01:38:23,321 --> 01:38:24,662 "and because we put up a fight, 2185 01:38:24,662 --> 01:38:25,495 "because we stood up to this big corporation 2186 01:38:26,559 --> 01:38:27,662 "and we stood up to your editors 2187 01:38:27,662 --> 01:38:28,980 "and we stood up to your lawyers, 2188 01:38:28,980 --> 01:38:29,891 "and we said to you, 2189 01:38:29,891 --> 01:38:30,912 "look there ought to be a principle 2190 01:38:30,912 --> 01:38:31,745 "higher than just making money." 2191 01:38:33,233 --> 01:38:34,633 - And she wrote a letter back and said, 2192 01:38:34,633 --> 01:38:35,466 "You are right. 2193 01:38:35,466 --> 01:38:36,531 "That's exactly what it was. 2194 01:38:36,531 --> 01:38:38,061 "You stood up to us on this story, 2195 01:38:38,061 --> 01:38:39,577 "and that's why we're letting you go." 2196 01:38:41,050 --> 01:38:42,561 Big mistake. 2197 01:38:42,561 --> 01:38:43,550 Big mistake. 2198 01:38:43,550 --> 01:38:44,651 That says retaliation. 2199 01:38:45,931 --> 01:38:47,781 You can't retaliate against employees 2200 01:38:48,721 --> 01:38:50,182 if they're standing up for something 2201 01:38:50,182 --> 01:38:52,290 that they believe is illegal, 2202 01:38:52,290 --> 01:38:53,313 that they don't want to participate in. 2203 01:38:54,491 --> 01:38:56,280 So that gave us the whistleblower status 2204 01:38:57,359 --> 01:38:58,610 that we needed in the state of Florida 2205 01:38:59,521 --> 01:39:01,362 to file a whistleblower claim against our employer. 2206 01:39:03,371 --> 01:39:04,323 - Two or three years later we got to trial. 2207 01:39:05,742 --> 01:39:08,773 Five weeks of testimony led to a jury verdict of $425,000, 2208 01:39:11,241 --> 01:39:12,420 in which the jury determined that 2209 01:39:13,281 --> 01:39:15,081 the story they pressured us to broadcast, 2210 01:39:15,081 --> 01:39:15,914 the story we resisted telling, 2211 01:39:16,942 --> 01:39:18,423 was in fact false, distorted, or slanted. 2212 01:39:19,553 --> 01:39:23,118 (mysterious music) 2213 01:39:23,118 --> 01:39:25,928 - [Narrator] Fox News appealed the verdict. 2214 01:39:25,928 --> 01:39:27,768 Five major news media corporations 2215 01:39:27,768 --> 01:39:29,150 filed briefs with the court 2216 01:39:29,150 --> 01:39:30,808 in support of Fox's appeal. 2217 01:39:30,808 --> 01:39:33,391 (uneasy music) 2218 01:39:35,821 --> 01:39:38,517 - You may recall that Jane Akre, a former reporter here, 2219 01:39:38,517 --> 01:39:40,083 sued Fox 13 in a whistleblower lawsuit, 2220 01:39:41,207 --> 01:39:43,713 claiming she was fired for refusing to distort her report. 2221 01:39:45,418 --> 01:39:47,103 The appeals court today threw that case out, 2222 01:39:47,103 --> 01:39:49,285 saying Miss Akre had no whistleblower claim 2223 01:39:49,285 --> 01:39:50,923 against the station based on news distortion. 2224 01:39:52,565 --> 01:39:54,450 Fox 13 Vice President and General Manager Bob Linger 2225 01:39:55,365 --> 01:39:57,103 says the station has been completely vindicated by the rule. 2226 01:39:59,402 --> 01:40:00,553 - [Narrator] What Fox neglected to report is this. 2227 01:40:02,493 --> 01:40:04,323 Jane sued Fox under Florida's whistleblower statute, 2228 01:40:05,642 --> 01:40:06,880 which protects those who try to prevent others 2229 01:40:08,041 --> 01:40:09,875 from breaking the law, 2230 01:40:10,791 --> 01:40:12,660 but her appeal court judges found that falsifying news 2231 01:40:13,800 --> 01:40:14,633 isn't actually against the law, 2232 01:40:16,280 --> 01:40:18,103 so they denied Jane her whistleblower status, 2233 01:40:19,511 --> 01:40:21,183 overturned the case, 2234 01:40:21,183 --> 01:40:22,782 and withdrew her $425,000 award. 2235 01:40:25,911 --> 01:40:28,210 Canada and Europe have upheld the ban on rBGH, 2236 01:40:30,511 --> 01:40:31,562 yet it remains hidden 2237 01:40:31,562 --> 01:40:33,143 in much of the milk supply of the United States. 2238 01:40:40,789 --> 01:40:42,059 The prospect that two thirds of the world's population 2239 01:40:42,969 --> 01:40:45,150 will have no access to fresh drinking water by 2025 2240 01:40:46,941 --> 01:40:48,268 has provoked the initial confrontations 2241 01:40:48,268 --> 01:40:49,380 in a worldwide battle for control 2242 01:40:50,219 --> 01:40:51,473 over the planet's most basic resource. 2243 01:40:54,868 --> 01:40:57,548 When Bolivia sought to refinance the public water service 2244 01:40:57,548 --> 01:40:58,380 of its third-largest city, 2245 01:40:59,548 --> 01:41:01,153 the World Bank required that it be privatized, 2246 01:41:04,148 --> 01:41:05,760 which is how the Bechtel corporation of San Francisco 2247 01:41:06,919 --> 01:41:08,443 gained control over all of Cochabamba's water, 2248 01:41:10,437 --> 01:41:12,103 even that which fell from the sky. 2249 01:41:58,698 --> 01:42:01,531 (people shouting) 2250 01:42:13,927 --> 01:42:18,537 (chanting in a foreign language) 2251 01:42:18,537 --> 01:42:19,994 - [Narrator] The price his beleaguered country paid 2252 01:42:19,994 --> 01:42:21,566 for World Bank loans 2253 01:42:21,566 --> 01:42:23,030 was the privatization of the state oil industry 2254 01:42:24,434 --> 01:42:27,285 and its airline, railroad, electric, and phone companies. 2255 01:42:30,355 --> 01:42:31,670 But the government failed to convince Bolivians 2256 01:42:32,585 --> 01:42:34,443 that water is a commodity like any other. 2257 01:42:58,227 --> 01:42:59,925 (exploding) 2258 01:42:59,925 --> 01:43:02,508 (dogs barking) 2259 01:43:11,358 --> 01:43:12,216 - [Narrator] Bolivia was determined 2260 01:43:12,216 --> 01:43:13,695 to defend the corporation's right 2261 01:43:13,695 --> 01:43:15,219 to charge families living on $2 a day 2262 01:43:16,558 --> 01:43:18,063 as much as one quarter of their income for water. 2263 01:43:21,237 --> 01:43:22,558 The greater the popular resistance 2264 01:43:22,558 --> 01:43:23,543 to the water privatization scheme, 2265 01:43:24,969 --> 01:43:26,133 the more violent became the standoff. 2266 01:43:27,147 --> 01:43:29,980 (people shouting) 2267 01:43:46,009 --> 01:43:48,592 (tragic music) 2268 01:43:54,665 --> 01:43:56,547 (gunshot firing) 2269 01:43:56,547 --> 01:43:59,380 (water trickling) 2270 01:44:13,599 --> 01:44:15,398 - [Narrator] Transnational corporations have a long 2271 01:44:15,398 --> 01:44:17,563 and dark history of condoning tyrannical governments. 2272 01:44:20,101 --> 01:44:22,219 Is it narcissism that compels them to seek their reflection 2273 01:44:23,059 --> 01:44:25,153 in the regimented structures of fascist regimes? 2274 01:44:26,300 --> 01:44:28,634 (sad music) 2275 01:44:32,562 --> 01:44:34,728 (booming) 2276 01:44:43,860 --> 01:44:44,693 - There was an interesting connection 2277 01:44:44,693 --> 01:44:46,543 between the rise of fascism in Europe 2278 01:44:48,541 --> 01:44:52,333 and the consciousness of politically radical people 2279 01:44:54,261 --> 01:44:56,472 about corporate power, 2280 01:44:56,472 --> 01:44:59,550 because there was a recognition that fascism arose in Europe 2281 01:45:01,632 --> 01:45:03,503 with the help of enormous corporations. 2282 01:45:05,152 --> 01:45:07,693 - Mussolini was greatly admired all across the spectrum. 2283 01:45:08,689 --> 01:45:09,998 Business loved him. 2284 01:45:09,998 --> 01:45:11,389 Investments shot up. 2285 01:45:11,389 --> 01:45:12,300 Incidentally, when Hitler came in in Germany 2286 01:45:13,181 --> 01:45:14,680 the same thing happened there. 2287 01:45:14,680 --> 01:45:15,683 The investments shot up in Germany. 2288 01:45:16,759 --> 01:45:19,190 He had the workforce under control. 2289 01:45:19,190 --> 01:45:21,293 He was getting rid of dangerous left-wing elements. 2290 01:45:22,400 --> 01:45:23,383 Investment opportunities were improving. 2291 01:45:24,530 --> 01:45:25,480 There was no problems. 2292 01:45:25,480 --> 01:45:28,198 These are wonderful countries. 2293 01:45:28,198 --> 01:45:29,200 - I think one of the greatest untold stories 2294 01:45:30,089 --> 01:45:32,181 of the 20th century 2295 01:45:32,181 --> 01:45:34,081 is the collusion between corporations, 2296 01:45:35,160 --> 01:45:37,009 especially in America 2297 01:45:37,009 --> 01:45:37,842 and Nazi Germany, 2298 01:45:39,192 --> 01:45:41,410 first in terms of how the corporations from America 2299 01:45:42,360 --> 01:45:43,530 helped to essentially rebuild Germany 2300 01:45:44,621 --> 01:45:46,293 and support the early Nazi regime, 2301 01:45:48,005 --> 01:45:49,513 and then when the war broke out, 2302 01:45:50,570 --> 01:45:52,593 figured out a way to keep everything going. 2303 01:45:53,472 --> 01:45:55,452 So General Motors was able to keep Opel going. 2304 01:45:56,650 --> 01:45:58,553 Ford was able to keep their thing going. 2305 01:45:59,719 --> 01:46:00,553 And companies like Coca-Cola, 2306 01:46:01,680 --> 01:46:02,513 because they couldn't keep the Coca-Cola going, 2307 01:46:03,699 --> 01:46:05,559 so what they did was they invented Fanta orange 2308 01:46:06,472 --> 01:46:08,139 for the Germans. 2309 01:46:08,139 --> 01:46:10,540 And that's how Coke was able to keep their profits 2310 01:46:11,832 --> 01:46:12,853 coming in to Coca-Cola. 2311 01:46:14,189 --> 01:46:15,022 So when you drink Fanta orange, 2312 01:46:16,021 --> 01:46:17,728 that's the Nazi drink 2313 01:46:17,728 --> 01:46:20,480 that was created so that Coke could continue making money 2314 01:46:21,621 --> 01:46:22,454 while millions of people died. 2315 01:46:24,352 --> 01:46:25,952 - When Hitler came to power in 1933, 2316 01:46:27,101 --> 01:46:29,383 his goal was to dismantle and destroy the Jewish community. 2317 01:46:30,352 --> 01:46:31,790 This was an enterprise so fast 2318 01:46:32,918 --> 01:46:34,303 that it required the resources of a computer. 2319 01:46:35,490 --> 01:46:37,190 But in 1933 there was no computer. 2320 01:46:38,192 --> 01:46:40,483 What there was was the IBM punch card system, 2321 01:46:41,901 --> 01:46:43,851 which controlled and stored information 2322 01:46:45,460 --> 01:46:47,240 based upon the holes that were punched 2323 01:46:47,240 --> 01:46:48,639 in various rows and columns. 2324 01:46:50,608 --> 01:46:52,712 Naturally there was no off-the-shelf software 2325 01:46:52,712 --> 01:46:54,021 as there is today. 2326 01:46:54,021 --> 01:46:55,663 Each application was custom-designed, 2327 01:46:56,600 --> 01:46:58,573 and the engineer had to personally configure it. 2328 01:47:00,941 --> 01:47:01,891 Millions of people, 2329 01:47:03,289 --> 01:47:05,983 of all religions and nationalities and characteristics, 2330 01:47:06,912 --> 01:47:08,952 went through the concentration camp system. 2331 01:47:09,981 --> 01:47:12,350 That's an extraordinary traffic management program 2332 01:47:13,330 --> 01:47:16,680 that required an IBM system in every railroad direction 2333 01:47:18,541 --> 01:47:20,841 and an IBM system in every concentration camp. 2334 01:47:22,490 --> 01:47:25,240 (mourning music) 2335 01:47:29,464 --> 01:47:31,073 - Now this is a typical prisoner card. 2336 01:47:32,362 --> 01:47:33,380 There are little boxes 2337 01:47:33,380 --> 01:47:34,423 where all the information is to be punched in. 2338 01:47:35,352 --> 01:47:36,784 We compare this information 2339 01:47:36,784 --> 01:47:37,933 to the code sheet for concentration camps, 2340 01:47:38,933 --> 01:47:39,862 and here you see Auschwitz is one, 2341 01:47:40,706 --> 01:47:42,306 Buchenwald two, Dachau is three. 2342 01:47:43,562 --> 01:47:44,823 Now what kinds of prisoners were they? 2343 01:47:45,973 --> 01:47:48,373 They could be a Jehovah's Witness for two, 2344 01:47:48,373 --> 01:47:49,206 a homosexual for three, 2345 01:47:50,162 --> 01:47:51,762 communists for six, 2346 01:47:51,762 --> 01:47:52,962 or a Jew would be eight. 2347 01:47:54,053 --> 01:47:55,632 Now what was their status. 2348 01:47:55,632 --> 01:47:56,482 One was released. 2349 01:47:57,722 --> 01:47:59,432 Two was transferred. 2350 01:47:59,432 --> 01:48:00,264 Four was executed. 2351 01:48:01,242 --> 01:48:02,842 Five was suicide. 2352 01:48:02,842 --> 01:48:05,433 And six, code six, Sonderbehandlung, 2353 01:48:07,704 --> 01:48:09,232 special treatment, 2354 01:48:09,232 --> 01:48:11,403 meant the gas chamber or sometimes a bullet. 2355 01:48:13,121 --> 01:48:14,653 They would punch that number in. 2356 01:48:14,653 --> 01:48:16,103 The material was tabulated. 2357 01:48:16,103 --> 01:48:18,023 The machines were set. 2358 01:48:18,023 --> 01:48:20,273 And of course the punch cards by the millions 2359 01:48:22,002 --> 01:48:23,173 had to be printed 2360 01:48:23,173 --> 01:48:25,173 and they were printed exclusively by IBM 2361 01:48:26,213 --> 01:48:28,683 and the profits were recovered just after the war. 2362 01:48:30,681 --> 01:48:33,584 - I really do believe that that particular accusation 2363 01:48:33,584 --> 01:48:36,693 has been fairly discredited as a serious accusation. 2364 01:48:38,344 --> 01:48:40,744 That is, the fact that they have used equipment, 2365 01:48:42,933 --> 01:48:43,766 that is a fact, 2366 01:48:45,002 --> 01:48:45,835 but how they got it, 2367 01:48:45,835 --> 01:48:46,873 how much cooperation they got, 2368 01:48:47,998 --> 01:48:48,990 and any kind of collusion 2369 01:48:49,860 --> 01:48:52,440 trying to connect dots that are not connected, 2370 01:48:52,440 --> 01:48:54,063 I think that's the part that is discredited. 2371 01:48:56,910 --> 01:48:58,380 Generally you sell computers 2372 01:48:59,540 --> 01:49:01,503 and they're used in a variety of ways, 2373 01:49:02,790 --> 01:49:04,742 and you always hope they're used 2374 01:49:04,742 --> 01:49:06,433 in the more positive ways possible. 2375 01:49:07,510 --> 01:49:09,309 If you ever found out they're used 2376 01:49:09,309 --> 01:49:10,323 in ways that are not positive, 2377 01:49:11,880 --> 01:49:14,043 then you would hope that you stop supporting that, 2378 01:49:16,010 --> 01:49:17,950 but do you always know, 2379 01:49:17,950 --> 01:49:19,120 can you always tell, 2380 01:49:19,120 --> 01:49:19,952 can you always find out? 2381 01:49:20,830 --> 01:49:23,413 (veiled music) 2382 01:49:24,648 --> 01:49:26,669 IBM would of course say that it had no control 2383 01:49:26,669 --> 01:49:28,189 over its German subsidiary, 2384 01:49:28,189 --> 01:49:29,739 but here in October 9th of 1941 2385 01:49:31,208 --> 01:49:33,460 a letter is being written directly to Thomas J. Watson 2386 01:49:34,468 --> 01:49:37,179 with all sorts of detail about the activities 2387 01:49:37,179 --> 01:49:38,373 of the German subsidiary. 2388 01:49:39,429 --> 01:49:41,749 None of these machines were sold. 2389 01:49:41,749 --> 01:49:43,406 They were all leased by IBM. 2390 01:49:43,406 --> 01:49:44,782 And they had to be serviced on site once a month, 2391 01:49:45,629 --> 01:49:47,669 even if that was at a concentration camp, 2392 01:49:47,669 --> 01:49:49,017 such as Dachau, Buchenwald. 2393 01:49:49,978 --> 01:49:52,779 This is a typical contract with IBM and the Third Reich, 2394 01:49:54,208 --> 01:49:55,041 which was instituted in 1942. 2395 01:49:57,259 --> 01:49:58,898 It's not with the Dutch subsidiary. 2396 01:49:58,898 --> 01:50:00,163 It's not with the German subsidiary. 2397 01:50:01,080 --> 01:50:03,423 It is with the IBM corporation in New York. 2398 01:50:05,587 --> 01:50:06,500 - You know, as it happens, 2399 01:50:08,157 --> 01:50:08,991 I know that story. 2400 01:50:10,869 --> 01:50:13,223 I discussed it more than once with old Mr. Watson. 2401 01:50:14,659 --> 01:50:15,573 And I was around at the time. 2402 01:50:17,406 --> 01:50:18,300 I'm not saying that Watson didn't know 2403 01:50:19,179 --> 01:50:21,379 that the German government used punch cards. 2404 01:50:22,419 --> 01:50:23,252 He probably did know. 2405 01:50:24,920 --> 01:50:26,243 After we had very few customers. 2406 01:50:27,499 --> 01:50:29,000 Watson didn't want to do it, 2407 01:50:29,000 --> 01:50:31,213 was not because he thought it was immoral or not, 2408 01:50:32,588 --> 01:50:33,768 but because Watson, 2409 01:50:33,768 --> 01:50:35,423 with a very keen sense of public relations, 2410 01:50:36,349 --> 01:50:37,182 thought it was risky. 2411 01:50:38,827 --> 01:50:39,760 - [Narrator] It should not surprise us 2412 01:50:39,760 --> 01:50:40,639 that corporate allegiance to profits 2413 01:50:41,487 --> 01:50:42,753 will trump their allegiance to any flag. 2414 01:50:44,648 --> 01:50:46,010 A recent U.S. Treasury Department report 2415 01:50:47,168 --> 01:50:48,001 revealed that in one week alone, 2416 01:50:49,179 --> 01:50:50,630 57 U.S. corporations were fined 2417 01:50:51,499 --> 01:50:53,343 for trading with official enemies of the United States, 2418 01:50:54,989 --> 01:50:57,589 including terrorists, tyrants, and despotic regimes. 2419 01:50:59,308 --> 01:51:01,891 (hidden music) 2420 01:51:02,873 --> 01:51:05,040 (ticking) 2421 01:51:06,264 --> 01:51:07,210 - [Man] You can roughly locate any community 2422 01:51:08,236 --> 01:51:09,523 somewhere along a scale 2423 01:51:09,523 --> 01:51:12,013 running all the way from democracy to despotism. 2424 01:51:13,384 --> 01:51:16,050 (aimless music) 2425 01:51:17,455 --> 01:51:19,463 This man makes it his job to study these things. 2426 01:51:20,855 --> 01:51:22,516 - Well for one thing, 2427 01:51:22,516 --> 01:51:25,280 avoid the comfortable idea that the mere form of government 2428 01:51:26,516 --> 01:51:29,066 can of itself safeguard a nation against despotism. 2429 01:51:30,434 --> 01:51:33,172 (march-like music) 2430 01:51:33,172 --> 01:51:34,183 - [Narrator] For big business, 2431 01:51:34,183 --> 01:51:36,074 despotism was often a useful tool 2432 01:51:36,074 --> 01:51:38,373 for securing foreign markets and pursuing profits. 2433 01:51:40,183 --> 01:51:41,599 One of the U.S. Marine Corp's 2434 01:51:41,599 --> 01:51:42,432 most highly decorated generals, 2435 01:51:43,412 --> 01:51:44,245 Smedley Darlington Butler, 2436 01:51:45,425 --> 01:51:46,627 by his own account 2437 01:51:46,627 --> 01:51:48,702 helped pacify Mexico for American oil companies, 2438 01:51:50,055 --> 01:51:51,323 Haiti and Cuba for National City Bank, 2439 01:51:52,598 --> 01:51:54,353 Nicaragua for the Brown Brothers brokerage, 2440 01:51:55,478 --> 01:51:57,083 the Dominican Republic for sugar interests, 2441 01:51:58,577 --> 01:52:00,073 Honduras for U.S. fruit companies, 2442 01:52:01,409 --> 01:52:02,423 and China for Standard Oil. 2443 01:52:05,746 --> 01:52:07,906 General Butler's services were also in demand 2444 01:52:07,906 --> 01:52:09,633 in the United States itself in the 1930s. 2445 01:52:10,977 --> 01:52:12,798 As President Franklin Delano Roosevelt 2446 01:52:12,798 --> 01:52:14,380 sought to relieve the misery of the Depression 2447 01:52:16,097 --> 01:52:17,415 through public enterprise 2448 01:52:17,415 --> 01:52:19,499 and tougher regulations on corporate exploitation 2449 01:52:19,499 --> 01:52:20,582 and misdeeds. 2450 01:52:21,547 --> 01:52:23,123 - [Narrator] More power to you, President Roosevelt. 2451 01:52:24,368 --> 01:52:25,227 The entire country's behind you, 2452 01:52:26,230 --> 01:52:27,713 thrilled with hope and patriotism. 2453 01:52:29,270 --> 01:52:30,103 - [Narrator] But the country was not 2454 01:52:30,103 --> 01:52:31,362 entirely behind the populist president. 2455 01:52:32,841 --> 01:52:33,674 Large parts of the corporate elite 2456 01:52:34,521 --> 01:52:36,103 despised what Roosevelt's New Deal stood for. 2457 01:52:38,041 --> 01:52:38,874 And so in 1934 2458 01:52:40,529 --> 01:52:42,330 a group of conspirators sought to involve General Butler 2459 01:52:43,410 --> 01:52:45,261 in a treasonous plan. 2460 01:52:45,261 --> 01:52:46,561 - [Man] The plan as outlined to me 2461 01:52:46,561 --> 01:52:47,623 was to form an organization of veterans, 2462 01:52:49,081 --> 01:52:51,441 to use as bluff, or as a club at least, 2463 01:52:51,441 --> 01:52:53,902 to intimidate the government. 2464 01:52:53,902 --> 01:52:54,921 - [Narrator] But the corporate cabal 2465 01:52:54,921 --> 01:52:56,529 had picked the wrong man. 2466 01:52:56,529 --> 01:52:57,540 Butler was fed up with being what he called 2467 01:52:58,731 --> 01:53:00,210 a gangster for capitalism. 2468 01:53:00,210 --> 01:53:03,378 (excited brass music) 2469 01:53:05,807 --> 01:53:08,537 - I appear before the congressional committee 2470 01:53:08,537 --> 01:53:10,469 the highest representation of the American people 2471 01:53:11,364 --> 01:53:13,753 under subpoena, to tell what I knew of activities, 2472 01:53:14,687 --> 01:53:16,327 which I believed might lead 2473 01:53:16,327 --> 01:53:17,862 to an attempt to set up a fascist dictatorship. 2474 01:53:19,948 --> 01:53:21,585 The upshot of the whole thing was that 2475 01:53:21,585 --> 01:53:24,130 I was supposed to lead an organization of 500,000 men 2476 01:53:25,646 --> 01:53:26,817 which would be able to take over 2477 01:53:26,817 --> 01:53:27,650 the functions of government. 2478 01:53:30,097 --> 01:53:31,788 - [Narrator] A congressional committee ultimately found 2479 01:53:31,788 --> 01:53:33,473 evidence of a plot to overthrow Roosevelt. 2480 01:53:35,228 --> 01:53:36,279 According to Butler 2481 01:53:36,279 --> 01:53:37,750 the conspiracy included representatives 2482 01:53:38,588 --> 01:53:39,963 of some of America's top corporations, 2483 01:53:41,295 --> 01:53:43,645 including JP Morgan, DuPont, and Goodyear Tire. 2484 01:53:44,788 --> 01:53:47,705 (mysterious music) 2485 01:53:49,701 --> 01:53:51,093 As today's chairman of Goodyear Tire knows, 2486 01:53:52,320 --> 01:53:53,163 for corporations to dominate government, 2487 01:53:54,540 --> 01:53:55,862 a coup is no longer necessary. 2488 01:53:57,719 --> 01:53:58,553 - Corporations have gone global, 2489 01:53:59,779 --> 01:54:00,612 and by going global, 2490 01:54:01,699 --> 01:54:05,393 the governments have lost some control over corporations. 2491 01:54:06,811 --> 01:54:09,192 Regardless of whether the corporation can be trusted 2492 01:54:09,192 --> 01:54:10,760 or cannot be trusted, 2493 01:54:10,760 --> 01:54:13,309 governments today do not have over the corporations 2494 01:54:14,971 --> 01:54:16,731 the power that they had, 2495 01:54:16,731 --> 01:54:19,282 and the leverage that they had 50 or 60 years ago. 2496 01:54:20,781 --> 01:54:22,150 And that's a major change. 2497 01:54:22,150 --> 01:54:23,950 So governments have become powerless 2498 01:54:25,050 --> 01:54:26,750 compared to what they were before. 2499 01:54:28,300 --> 01:54:30,433 - Capitalism today commands the towering heights, 2500 01:54:31,691 --> 01:54:34,501 and has displaced politics and politicians 2501 01:54:34,501 --> 01:54:35,334 as the new high priests, 2502 01:54:36,230 --> 01:54:37,743 and reigning oligarchs of our system. 2503 01:54:38,843 --> 01:54:42,003 So capitalism and its principle protagonists and players, 2504 01:54:43,061 --> 01:54:43,894 corporate CEOs, 2505 01:54:44,952 --> 01:54:47,303 have been accorded unusual power and access. 2506 01:54:49,072 --> 01:54:50,762 This is not to deny the significance 2507 01:54:50,762 --> 01:54:52,261 of government and politicians, 2508 01:54:52,261 --> 01:54:53,972 but these are the new high priests. 2509 01:54:53,972 --> 01:54:56,555 (spooky music) 2510 01:54:57,994 --> 01:54:59,480 - I was invited to Washington, D.C 2511 01:55:00,325 --> 01:55:01,834 to attend this meeting 2512 01:55:01,834 --> 01:55:03,880 that was being put together by the National Security Agency 2513 01:55:04,816 --> 01:55:05,963 called the Critical Thinking Consortium. 2514 01:55:07,744 --> 01:55:09,565 I remember standing there in this room 2515 01:55:09,565 --> 01:55:11,615 and looking over on one side of the room, 2516 01:55:12,582 --> 01:55:17,582 and we had CIA, NSA, DIA, FBI, Customs, Secret Service, 2517 01:55:21,165 --> 01:55:22,400 and then on the other side of the room we had 2518 01:55:24,314 --> 01:55:26,862 Coca Cola, Mobile Oil, GTE and Kodak. 2519 01:55:28,764 --> 01:55:31,173 And I remember thinking, "I am in the epicenter 2520 01:55:31,173 --> 01:55:33,223 "of the intelligence industry right now." 2521 01:55:34,263 --> 01:55:36,053 I mean, the line is not just blurring. 2522 01:55:36,893 --> 01:55:37,726 It's just not there anymore. 2523 01:55:40,253 --> 01:55:41,290 And to me it spoke volumes 2524 01:55:42,160 --> 01:55:44,690 as to how industry and government 2525 01:55:46,271 --> 01:55:48,563 were consulting with each other and working with each other. 2526 01:55:49,541 --> 01:55:52,041 (empty music) 2527 01:56:00,987 --> 01:56:02,627 (helicopter whirring) 2528 01:56:02,627 --> 01:56:04,588 - [Narrator] As 34 nations of the Western Hemisphere 2529 01:56:04,588 --> 01:56:06,193 gathered to draft a far-reaching trade agreement, 2530 01:56:07,388 --> 01:56:08,625 one that would lay the groundwork 2531 01:56:08,625 --> 01:56:10,723 to privatize every resource and service imaginable, 2532 01:56:12,025 --> 01:56:12,905 thousands of people 2533 01:56:12,905 --> 01:56:14,139 from hundreds of grassroots organizations 2534 01:56:15,273 --> 01:56:16,941 joined to oppose it. 2535 01:56:18,476 --> 01:56:19,309 Canada's top business lobbyists 2536 01:56:20,324 --> 01:56:21,157 and its chief trade representative 2537 01:56:22,174 --> 01:56:23,183 discount the dissent in the streets. 2538 01:56:24,724 --> 01:56:26,924 For them, the Americas' 800 million citizens 2539 01:56:27,914 --> 01:56:28,746 speak with one voice. 2540 01:57:33,657 --> 01:57:36,157 (eerie music) 2541 01:57:54,278 --> 01:57:55,163 - I'm inside, and this is all outside, 2542 01:57:55,998 --> 01:57:57,823 so that's, uh, that's the way it is. 2543 01:58:04,996 --> 01:58:05,883 - [Mark] So what do you think when you look at all this? 2544 01:58:07,769 --> 01:58:09,096 - Well, it's uh, I mean, 2545 01:58:09,096 --> 01:58:11,423 I think that it's too bad that this has, uh, 2546 01:58:12,776 --> 01:58:13,728 that this has erupted. 2547 01:58:13,728 --> 01:58:16,646 (aggressive music) 2548 01:58:20,726 --> 01:58:21,559 Merci. 2549 01:58:21,559 --> 01:58:22,646 (gunshot fires) 2550 01:58:22,646 --> 01:58:25,146 (angry music) 2551 01:58:33,585 --> 01:58:36,252 (gunshot fires) 2552 01:58:40,264 --> 01:58:41,098 (glass shattering) 2553 01:58:41,098 --> 01:58:43,931 (people laughing) 2554 01:58:51,206 --> 01:58:52,823 Does there need to be some measure of accountability? 2555 01:58:53,683 --> 01:58:54,516 Yes. 2556 01:58:55,526 --> 01:58:56,813 And I think the business community recognizes that. 2557 01:58:57,904 --> 01:58:59,403 But that accountability is in the marketplace. 2558 01:59:00,465 --> 01:59:01,298 It's with their shareholders. 2559 01:59:02,366 --> 01:59:03,780 It's with the public perception and the public image 2560 01:59:04,737 --> 01:59:06,820 that they are projecting. 2561 01:59:07,808 --> 01:59:10,213 If companies don't do what they should be doing, 2562 01:59:11,558 --> 01:59:12,391 they're going to be punished in the marketplace, 2563 01:59:13,230 --> 01:59:14,063 and that's not what any company wants. 2564 01:59:17,758 --> 01:59:18,897 - There's a new market. 2565 01:59:18,897 --> 01:59:19,950 These guys and gals aren't out there 2566 01:59:20,995 --> 01:59:22,893 because government's putting a gun to their head. 2567 01:59:24,137 --> 01:59:26,777 Or because they've suddenly read a book 2568 01:59:26,777 --> 01:59:29,823 about transcendental meditation and global morality. 2569 01:59:32,118 --> 01:59:33,403 - My inner voice says honor my inner child. 2570 01:59:34,266 --> 01:59:35,099 - Mine says love everyone. 2571 01:59:36,615 --> 01:59:37,644 - My inner voice says 2572 01:59:37,644 --> 01:59:38,580 I'd like a Wendy's bacon mushroom melt. 2573 01:59:40,014 --> 01:59:41,100 - They're there because they understand 2574 01:59:42,266 --> 01:59:43,753 the market requires them to be there, 2575 01:59:44,826 --> 01:59:46,353 that there's competitive advantage to be there. 2576 01:59:47,375 --> 01:59:48,373 - I'm listening to your concerns. 2577 01:59:49,234 --> 01:59:50,523 I worry about climate. 2578 01:59:50,523 --> 01:59:52,106 I worry about pollution. 2579 01:59:52,106 --> 01:59:53,313 I do not have all the answers to this, 2580 01:59:54,255 --> 01:59:56,853 but we are prepared to work with you, with society, 2581 01:59:58,052 --> 01:59:59,862 with NGOs, with governments to address it. 2582 02:00:00,892 --> 02:00:01,953 So you rebuild the trust, 2583 02:00:02,981 --> 02:00:05,231 so that you come back to a new kind of trust, 2584 02:00:06,602 --> 02:00:07,930 and then the ultimate goal 2585 02:00:09,442 --> 02:00:11,033 is then to become the corporation of choice. 2586 02:00:13,090 --> 02:00:14,282 - [Narrator] He believes that almost half our energy 2587 02:00:14,282 --> 02:00:15,773 can one day come from renewable sources. 2588 02:00:17,954 --> 02:00:19,093 He's been called a dreamer and a crank. 2589 02:00:21,463 --> 02:00:24,212 - And I've been called a hippie. 2590 02:00:24,212 --> 02:00:27,057 - [Narrator] And more recently, a Project Manager for Shell. 2591 02:00:30,445 --> 02:00:31,520 - I ask myself oftentimes 2592 02:00:32,845 --> 02:00:34,500 why so many companies subscribe 2593 02:00:35,866 --> 02:00:36,903 to corporate social responsibility. 2594 02:00:40,313 --> 02:00:41,146 I'm not sure it's because they 2595 02:00:42,793 --> 02:00:45,493 necessarily want to be responsible in an ultimate way, 2596 02:00:47,108 --> 02:00:49,008 but because they want to be identified 2597 02:00:50,462 --> 02:00:51,812 and seen to be responsible. 2598 02:00:53,854 --> 02:00:54,687 But who am I to judge? 2599 02:00:56,145 --> 02:00:56,978 Who am I to judge? 2600 02:00:58,012 --> 02:00:59,213 It's better they belong than not belong. 2601 02:01:00,793 --> 02:01:03,100 It's better that they make some public profession 2602 02:01:04,273 --> 02:01:05,423 than the opposite. 2603 02:01:07,533 --> 02:01:09,633 - Social responsibility isn't a deep shift 2604 02:01:10,593 --> 02:01:13,703 because it's a voluntary tactic. 2605 02:01:16,105 --> 02:01:19,880 A tactic, a reaction to a certain market at this point. 2606 02:01:22,606 --> 02:01:25,206 And as the corporation reads the market differently, 2607 02:01:26,585 --> 02:01:28,183 it can go back. 2608 02:01:28,183 --> 02:01:30,633 One day you see Bambi, next day you see Godzilla. 2609 02:01:31,798 --> 02:01:33,140 (smashing) 2610 02:01:33,140 --> 02:01:34,273 - How do you define socially responsible? 2611 02:01:35,441 --> 02:01:37,012 What business is it of the corporation 2612 02:01:37,012 --> 02:01:38,863 to decide what's socially responsible? 2613 02:01:39,921 --> 02:01:40,783 That isn't their expertise. 2614 02:01:41,748 --> 02:01:44,283 That isn't what their stockholders ask them to do. 2615 02:01:46,030 --> 02:01:47,423 So I think they're going out of their range, 2616 02:01:49,150 --> 02:01:50,293 and it certainly is not democratic. 2617 02:01:52,881 --> 02:01:54,268 - I don't really care 2618 02:01:54,268 --> 02:01:55,680 what the Chairman of General Motors thinks 2619 02:01:56,820 --> 02:01:58,150 is an appropriate level of emissions 2620 02:01:59,009 --> 02:02:01,273 to come out the tailpipe of General Motors automobiles. 2621 02:02:02,618 --> 02:02:04,060 He may have a lot of scientists, 2622 02:02:04,060 --> 02:02:04,893 he may be a very good person, 2623 02:02:05,870 --> 02:02:07,340 but I didn't elect him to anything, 2624 02:02:07,340 --> 02:02:08,303 he doesn't have any power to speak for me. 2625 02:02:10,240 --> 02:02:11,770 These are decisions that must be made by government 2626 02:02:12,608 --> 02:02:13,441 and not by corporations. 2627 02:02:15,261 --> 02:02:16,869 - You take this to its logical conclusion, 2628 02:02:16,869 --> 02:02:19,793 one would have an image that we are in fact at this, 2629 02:02:21,251 --> 02:02:22,260 the end of the world is nigh 2630 02:02:23,139 --> 02:02:25,620 and we are all completely brainwashed 2631 02:02:26,887 --> 02:02:28,620 and there is no space left. 2632 02:02:28,620 --> 02:02:30,420 And I don't believe we're there yet. 2633 02:02:33,840 --> 02:02:35,496 And I think it's really important 2634 02:02:35,496 --> 02:02:37,339 that we don't overstate the case, 2635 02:02:37,339 --> 02:02:39,680 and that we admit that there are cracks and fissures 2636 02:02:39,680 --> 02:02:41,640 in all of these corporate structures. 2637 02:02:41,640 --> 02:02:44,486 And sometimes when a corporation is concentrating 2638 02:02:44,486 --> 02:02:46,288 on one particular project 2639 02:02:46,288 --> 02:02:47,121 they look the other way 2640 02:02:47,121 --> 02:02:48,633 and all kinds of interesting things happen in the corner. 2641 02:02:51,389 --> 02:02:53,208 - It is the case in every period of history 2642 02:02:53,208 --> 02:02:55,763 where injustice based on falsehoods, 2643 02:02:57,419 --> 02:03:00,069 based on taking away the right and freedoms of people 2644 02:03:01,568 --> 02:03:02,553 to live and survive with dignity, 2645 02:03:03,629 --> 02:03:07,059 that eventually when you call a bluff, the tables turn. 2646 02:03:07,059 --> 02:03:09,892 (contented music) 2647 02:03:21,536 --> 02:03:24,513 - Ultimately capital puts its foot down somewhere. 2648 02:03:26,056 --> 02:03:27,670 And anywhere it puts its foot down 2649 02:03:29,296 --> 02:03:30,343 it can be held accountable. 2650 02:03:33,896 --> 02:03:36,253 - Originally Wal-Mart and Kathie Lee Gifford had said, 2651 02:03:37,216 --> 02:03:38,049 "Why should we believe you 2652 02:03:38,049 --> 02:03:39,646 "that children work in this factory?" 2653 02:03:39,646 --> 02:03:41,704 What we didn't tell them was that Wendy Diaz, 2654 02:03:41,704 --> 02:03:43,136 in the center of the picture, 2655 02:03:43,136 --> 02:03:44,656 was on a plane to the United States. 2656 02:03:44,656 --> 02:03:45,824 This is Wendy Diaz. 2657 02:03:45,824 --> 02:03:46,657 She comes to the United States. 2658 02:03:47,566 --> 02:03:48,984 She's unstoppable. 2659 02:03:48,984 --> 02:03:50,180 - [Newscaster] Congress heard testimony today from children 2660 02:03:51,204 --> 02:03:53,793 who testified they were exploited by sweatshops overseas. 2661 02:03:55,016 --> 02:03:57,016 - Kathie Lee Gifford apologized to Wendy Diaz. 2662 02:03:57,016 --> 02:03:58,503 It was the most amazing thing I'd seen. 2663 02:03:58,503 --> 02:04:00,743 This powerful celebrity leans over and says, 2664 02:04:01,995 --> 02:04:03,163 "Wendy, please believe me, 2665 02:04:04,664 --> 02:04:05,573 "I didn't know these conditions existed. 2666 02:04:06,984 --> 02:04:07,817 "And now that I do, I'm gonna work with you, 2667 02:04:08,753 --> 02:04:10,616 "I'm gonna work with these other people, 2668 02:04:10,616 --> 02:04:12,075 "and it'll never happen again." 2669 02:04:12,075 --> 02:04:13,474 And that night we signed an agreement 2670 02:04:13,474 --> 02:04:14,960 with Kathie Lee Gifford. 2671 02:04:14,960 --> 02:04:16,573 - I thought it would be a relatively easy process, 2672 02:04:17,531 --> 02:04:18,364 and it isn't. 2673 02:04:18,364 --> 02:04:19,691 And for every question I have, 2674 02:04:19,691 --> 02:04:21,952 there seem to be five questions that come back at me. 2675 02:04:23,200 --> 02:04:24,393 - As far as Walmart goes and Kathie Lee, 2676 02:04:25,320 --> 02:04:26,783 pretty much everything returned to sweatshop conditions. 2677 02:04:28,152 --> 02:04:30,952 But because this was fought out on television for weeks, 2678 02:04:31,941 --> 02:04:33,481 this incident with Kathie Lee Gifford 2679 02:04:33,481 --> 02:04:34,562 actually took the sweatshop issue 2680 02:04:34,562 --> 02:04:35,395 to every single part of the country. 2681 02:04:36,340 --> 02:04:37,523 And so, frankly, after that, 2682 02:04:38,642 --> 02:04:40,072 there's hardly a single person in this country 2683 02:04:40,072 --> 02:04:41,621 who doesn't know about child labor 2684 02:04:41,621 --> 02:04:42,454 or sweatshops or starvation wages. 2685 02:04:43,461 --> 02:04:46,044 (hushed music) 2686 02:05:02,810 --> 02:05:06,010 - So what we need to do is to look at the very roots 2687 02:05:08,060 --> 02:05:10,783 of the legal form that created this beast, 2688 02:05:12,560 --> 02:05:15,110 and we need to think who can hold them accountable. 2689 02:05:16,392 --> 02:05:17,383 - They're not graven in stone. 2690 02:05:18,560 --> 02:05:20,160 They can be dismantled. 2691 02:05:20,160 --> 02:05:21,880 In fact, most states have laws 2692 02:05:23,821 --> 02:05:25,613 which require that they be dismantled. 2693 02:05:27,851 --> 02:05:30,620 - For too long now, giant corporations have been allowed 2694 02:05:31,591 --> 02:05:33,960 to undermine democracy here in the United States 2695 02:05:33,960 --> 02:05:35,440 and all over the world. 2696 02:05:35,440 --> 02:05:36,840 But today, the National Lawyers Guild 2697 02:05:36,840 --> 02:05:38,893 and 29 other groups and individuals are fighting back. 2698 02:05:41,101 --> 02:05:43,670 We are calling upon State Attorney General Dan Lundgren 2699 02:05:44,600 --> 02:05:45,780 to comply with California law 2700 02:05:47,000 --> 02:05:48,020 and to revoke the corporate charter 2701 02:05:49,200 --> 02:05:50,310 of the Union Oil Company of California 2702 02:05:51,499 --> 02:05:53,480 for its repeated and grievous offenses. 2703 02:05:53,480 --> 02:05:55,699 (people applauding) 2704 02:05:55,699 --> 02:05:56,532 - This is a statute that is well known. 2705 02:05:57,411 --> 02:05:58,379 It has been used. 2706 02:05:58,379 --> 02:05:59,617 It can be used. 2707 02:05:59,617 --> 02:06:01,291 What this will mean is the dissolution 2708 02:06:01,291 --> 02:06:03,191 of the Union Oil Company of California 2709 02:06:04,790 --> 02:06:06,660 the sale of its assets under careful court orders 2710 02:06:08,081 --> 02:06:09,623 to others who will carry on the public interest. 2711 02:06:10,620 --> 02:06:13,399 (dramatic music) 2712 02:06:13,399 --> 02:06:14,723 - This is nothing more than just a smear campaign. 2713 02:06:15,649 --> 02:06:18,628 This company has been part of California's economy 2714 02:06:18,628 --> 02:06:20,083 for over 100 years, thousands of jobs. 2715 02:06:21,189 --> 02:06:22,799 Doesn't mean it's never made any mistakes, 2716 02:06:22,799 --> 02:06:23,819 paid for those mistakes. 2717 02:06:23,819 --> 02:06:24,733 But this demonizing of a company, 2718 02:06:25,660 --> 02:06:27,271 I think I'm in a time warp or something, 2719 02:06:27,271 --> 02:06:29,649 that I fell asleep and I woke up 50 years ago 2720 02:06:29,649 --> 02:06:31,031 when we heard that kind of rhetoric. 2721 02:06:31,031 --> 02:06:33,747 - Well we have a very, very broad set of people angry-- 2722 02:06:34,671 --> 02:06:35,504 - It's a broad set-- - Very angry 2723 02:06:35,504 --> 02:06:36,337 at this corporation. - Of people from 2724 02:06:36,337 --> 02:06:37,439 the left of the spectrum 2725 02:06:37,439 --> 02:06:39,073 who don't produce anything except hot air. 2726 02:06:40,319 --> 02:06:43,500 - From its complicity in unspeakable human rights violations 2727 02:06:43,500 --> 02:06:44,950 overseas against women, gays, 2728 02:06:46,231 --> 02:06:47,263 laborers, and indigenous peoples, 2729 02:06:48,358 --> 02:06:50,180 to its efforts to subvert U.S. foreign policy 2730 02:06:51,020 --> 02:06:53,493 and deceive the courts, the public and its own stockholders, 2731 02:06:54,900 --> 02:06:56,850 Unocal is emblematic of corporate abuse 2732 02:06:58,391 --> 02:06:59,263 and corporate power run amok. 2733 02:07:00,249 --> 02:07:01,700 (people applauding) 2734 02:07:01,700 --> 02:07:04,783 - Extending a business deal with Burma Army is immoral. 2735 02:07:07,129 --> 02:07:08,829 Unocal cannot do business in Burma 2736 02:07:10,575 --> 02:07:12,713 without supporting that hopeless regime. 2737 02:07:14,900 --> 02:07:15,929 It cannot justify. 2738 02:07:15,929 --> 02:07:18,429 (eerie music) 2739 02:07:24,580 --> 02:07:25,580 - The curse for me has been 2740 02:07:25,580 --> 02:07:29,023 the fact that in making these documentary films, 2741 02:07:30,756 --> 02:07:32,783 I've seen that they actually can impact change, 2742 02:07:33,719 --> 02:07:35,273 so I'm just compelled to just keep making them. 2743 02:07:36,537 --> 02:07:37,833 Yep, that's me, doing what I do. 2744 02:07:39,236 --> 02:07:40,843 All year long I give big companies a hard time, 2745 02:07:41,956 --> 02:07:44,140 but at Christmas time I like to set aside my differences 2746 02:07:45,015 --> 02:07:46,515 and reach out to big business, 2747 02:07:47,377 --> 02:07:48,210 like cigarette companies. 2748 02:07:53,788 --> 02:07:56,765 ♪ Deck the halls with boughs of holly ♪ 2749 02:07:56,765 --> 02:08:00,207 ♪ Fa la la la la la la la la ♪ 2750 02:08:00,207 --> 02:08:02,007 - I went to Littleton, Colorado, 2751 02:08:02,007 --> 02:08:03,723 where the Columbine shooting took place. 2752 02:08:05,428 --> 02:08:06,952 and I didn't know this, but when I arrived, 2753 02:08:07,916 --> 02:08:09,566 I learned what the primary job is 2754 02:08:11,087 --> 02:08:13,213 of the parents of the kids who go to Columbine High School. 2755 02:08:14,156 --> 02:08:15,163 The number one job in Littleton, Colorado: 2756 02:08:16,375 --> 02:08:17,208 they work for Lockheed Martin, 2757 02:08:18,295 --> 02:08:19,353 building weapons of mass destruction. 2758 02:08:21,426 --> 02:08:22,259 But they don't see the connect 2759 02:08:23,127 --> 02:08:24,290 between what they do for a living 2760 02:08:26,015 --> 02:08:27,665 and what their kids do at school. 2761 02:08:28,815 --> 02:08:30,232 Or did at school. 2762 02:08:31,236 --> 02:08:33,906 And so I'm kind of up on my high horse, 2763 02:08:33,906 --> 02:08:34,923 (laughs) thinking about this, 2764 02:08:36,927 --> 02:08:37,760 and I thought, I said to my wife, 2765 02:08:38,636 --> 02:08:41,170 and we both are sons and daughters of auto workers 2766 02:08:42,639 --> 02:08:44,298 in Flint, Michigan, 2767 02:08:44,298 --> 02:08:45,452 there isn't a single one of us back in Flint, 2768 02:08:47,279 --> 02:08:48,112 any of us, including us, 2769 02:08:49,639 --> 02:08:50,472 who ever stopped to think, 2770 02:08:51,727 --> 02:08:52,559 this thing we do for a living, 2771 02:08:53,778 --> 02:08:54,611 the building of automobiles, 2772 02:08:55,778 --> 02:08:56,900 is probably the single biggest reason 2773 02:08:57,965 --> 02:08:58,880 why the polar ice caps are gonna melt 2774 02:09:00,948 --> 02:09:03,283 and end civilization as we know it. (laughs) 2775 02:09:04,216 --> 02:09:05,566 There's no connect between, 2776 02:09:06,788 --> 02:09:09,007 "I'm just an assembler on an assembly line, 2777 02:09:09,007 --> 02:09:09,840 "building a car," 2778 02:09:09,840 --> 02:09:11,673 which is good for people and society, it moves them around, 2779 02:09:12,907 --> 02:09:14,380 But never stop to think about the larger picture 2780 02:09:15,898 --> 02:09:18,063 and the larger responsibility of what we're doing. 2781 02:09:19,346 --> 02:09:20,583 Ultimately, we have to, as individuals, 2782 02:09:21,947 --> 02:09:24,070 accept responsibility for our collective action 2783 02:09:25,279 --> 02:09:27,460 and the larger harm that it causes 2784 02:09:29,994 --> 02:09:31,077 in our world. 2785 02:09:31,967 --> 02:09:33,039 - [Newscaster] Today the first of two 2786 02:09:33,039 --> 02:09:34,508 historic town hall meetings 2787 02:09:34,508 --> 02:09:35,783 will get under way in Arcata, California. 2788 02:09:37,199 --> 02:09:39,849 61% of Arcatans voted in favor of publicly discussing 2789 02:09:40,898 --> 02:09:41,940 whether democracy is even possible 2790 02:09:42,948 --> 02:09:45,047 when large corporations wield so much wealth 2791 02:09:45,047 --> 02:09:46,719 and power under law. 2792 02:09:46,719 --> 02:09:48,207 They also voted to form a committee 2793 02:09:48,207 --> 02:09:49,965 to ensure democratic control 2794 02:09:49,965 --> 02:09:51,337 over corporations in Arcata. 2795 02:09:52,447 --> 02:09:53,520 - Corporations are not accountable 2796 02:09:54,367 --> 02:09:55,868 to the democratic process. 2797 02:09:55,868 --> 02:09:57,370 That's what this is about. 2798 02:09:57,370 --> 02:09:58,788 I don't want to make decisions 2799 02:09:58,788 --> 02:10:00,668 about everything that goes on in their corporation, 2800 02:10:00,668 --> 02:10:02,368 but I do have a strong belief that 2801 02:10:03,570 --> 02:10:05,439 they need to be held accountable to us. 2802 02:10:05,439 --> 02:10:07,599 (crowd applauds and cheers) 2803 02:10:07,599 --> 02:10:08,432 - If we don't like certain products, 2804 02:10:09,377 --> 02:10:11,937 like Pepsi-Cola or Bank of America, 2805 02:10:11,937 --> 02:10:14,617 if you don't like what they do, don't use 'em. 2806 02:10:14,617 --> 02:10:16,853 That's the way I see the people's power is. 2807 02:10:18,919 --> 02:10:20,095 - You have a lot more money than me. 2808 02:10:20,095 --> 02:10:20,928 You have more votes than I do. 2809 02:10:22,166 --> 02:10:25,023 If we use the model of boycott and voting with your dollars. 2810 02:10:26,169 --> 02:10:27,793 That's an undemocratic situation. 2811 02:10:28,769 --> 02:10:29,929 - What are we afraid of? 2812 02:10:29,929 --> 02:10:31,868 I mean, are all the businesses gonna leave Arcata? 2813 02:10:31,868 --> 02:10:32,769 I don't think so. 2814 02:10:32,769 --> 02:10:35,679 And if they did, we'd deal with it or we'd figure it out 2815 02:10:35,679 --> 02:10:36,908 or we'd do something different. 2816 02:10:36,908 --> 02:10:38,300 We're creative people. 2817 02:10:38,300 --> 02:10:39,133 I just don't see why we're afraid! 2818 02:10:40,719 --> 02:10:42,399 - If you think it's tough making a decision 2819 02:10:42,399 --> 02:10:44,036 where to buy your stuff today, 2820 02:10:44,036 --> 02:10:46,591 how tough to you think it is when there's only one provider, 2821 02:10:46,591 --> 02:10:48,791 and it's the State. 2822 02:10:48,791 --> 02:10:49,996 And by the way, you don't get to have 2823 02:10:49,996 --> 02:10:52,433 this little democracy forum in those communities either. 2824 02:10:53,639 --> 02:10:54,753 - People that say that they fear their government, 2825 02:10:56,191 --> 02:10:57,280 I really hope that they understand 2826 02:10:58,279 --> 02:11:00,133 that they're allowed to participate in their government. 2827 02:11:00,991 --> 02:11:02,318 They're not allowed to participate 2828 02:11:02,318 --> 02:11:03,353 in anything the corporations do. 2829 02:11:04,428 --> 02:11:05,827 So don't fear the government. 2830 02:11:05,827 --> 02:11:07,183 Help it be the government that you won't fear. 2831 02:11:08,804 --> 02:11:09,700 - If this many people around the country would do this 2832 02:11:10,557 --> 02:11:11,390 instead of watching Superbowl Sunday, 2833 02:11:12,508 --> 02:11:14,324 our nation would be controlled by the people, 2834 02:11:14,324 --> 02:11:16,425 not by the corporations. 2835 02:11:16,425 --> 02:11:17,380 - No more chain restaurants in Arcata 2836 02:11:18,436 --> 02:11:20,075 after a long awaited decision. 2837 02:11:20,075 --> 02:11:22,992 (thoughtful music) 2838 02:11:38,614 --> 02:11:41,473 - Over the past decade we have been gaining ground. 2839 02:11:43,275 --> 02:11:44,720 And when I say we, I mean ordinary people 2840 02:11:45,814 --> 02:11:48,014 committed to the welfare of all of humanity. 2841 02:11:49,806 --> 02:11:52,083 All people irrespective of gender and class 2842 02:11:52,083 --> 02:11:53,792 and race and religion. 2843 02:11:53,792 --> 02:11:54,625 All species on the planet. 2844 02:11:55,883 --> 02:11:57,930 We managed to take the biggest government 2845 02:11:59,054 --> 02:12:01,270 and one of the largest chemical companies to court 2846 02:12:02,312 --> 02:12:03,471 on the case of neem, 2847 02:12:03,471 --> 02:12:05,054 and win a case against them. 2848 02:12:05,054 --> 02:12:07,452 (shouting in a foreign language) 2849 02:12:07,452 --> 02:12:09,214 - [Vandana] W.R. Grace and the U.S. government's 2850 02:12:09,214 --> 02:12:10,312 patent on neem 2851 02:12:10,312 --> 02:12:11,240 was revoked by a case we brought 2852 02:12:12,184 --> 02:12:14,326 along with the Greens of European Parliament 2853 02:12:14,326 --> 02:12:16,133 and the International Organic Agriculture Movement. 2854 02:12:17,363 --> 02:12:18,196 We won because we worked together. 2855 02:12:23,795 --> 02:12:25,809 - We have overturned nearly 99% 2856 02:12:26,653 --> 02:12:27,880 of the basmati patent of RiceTek, 2857 02:12:29,023 --> 02:12:31,463 again, because we worked as a worldwide coalition, 2858 02:12:32,795 --> 02:12:34,393 old women in Texas, 2859 02:12:34,393 --> 02:12:35,845 scientists in India, 2860 02:12:35,845 --> 02:12:37,395 activists sitting in Vancouver, 2861 02:12:38,365 --> 02:12:39,198 a little basmati action group. 2862 02:12:41,395 --> 02:12:43,702 We stopped the Third World being viewed as the pirate, 2863 02:12:44,664 --> 02:12:45,763 and we showed the corporations were the pirate. 2864 02:12:46,791 --> 02:12:49,291 (misty music) 2865 02:12:54,419 --> 02:12:55,380 Look how little it took for Gandhi 2866 02:12:57,009 --> 02:12:59,474 to work against the salt laws of the British, 2867 02:12:59,474 --> 02:13:01,221 where the British decided the way 2868 02:13:01,221 --> 02:13:03,240 they would make their armies and police forces bigger 2869 02:13:04,288 --> 02:13:05,121 is just tax the salt. 2870 02:13:05,991 --> 02:13:07,553 And all that Gandhi did was walk to the beach, 2871 02:13:08,551 --> 02:13:10,061 pick up the salt, 2872 02:13:10,061 --> 02:13:11,962 and say, "Nature gives it for free. 2873 02:13:11,962 --> 02:13:12,795 "We need it. 2874 02:13:12,795 --> 02:13:13,628 "We've always made it. 2875 02:13:13,628 --> 02:13:15,061 "We will violate your laws. 2876 02:13:15,061 --> 02:13:15,894 "We will continue to make salt." 2877 02:13:16,751 --> 02:13:20,381 We've had a similar commitment for the last decade in India, 2878 02:13:20,381 --> 02:13:22,731 that any law that makes it illegal to save seed 2879 02:13:24,191 --> 02:13:25,024 is a law not worth following. 2880 02:13:27,850 --> 02:13:28,781 We will violate it 2881 02:13:28,781 --> 02:13:30,730 because saving seed is a duty to the earth 2882 02:13:31,861 --> 02:13:34,028 and to future generations. 2883 02:13:35,170 --> 02:13:37,120 We thought it would really be symbolic. 2884 02:13:38,050 --> 02:13:39,241 It is more than symbolic. 2885 02:13:39,241 --> 02:13:40,891 It is becoming a survival option. 2886 02:13:42,641 --> 02:13:44,293 Farmers who grow their own seeds, 2887 02:13:45,711 --> 02:13:46,751 save their own seeds, 2888 02:13:46,751 --> 02:13:47,951 don't buy pesticides, 2889 02:13:47,951 --> 02:13:48,870 have threefold more incomes 2890 02:13:49,951 --> 02:13:51,702 than farmers who are locked into the chemical treadmill, 2891 02:13:52,620 --> 02:13:53,753 depending on Monsanto and Cargill. 2892 02:13:55,181 --> 02:13:58,181 We have managed to create alternatives that work for people. 2893 02:14:00,316 --> 02:14:02,823 - There are many tools for bringing back community. 2894 02:14:04,218 --> 02:14:05,877 But the importance is not the tools. 2895 02:14:05,877 --> 02:14:08,018 I mean, there's litigation, there's legislation, 2896 02:14:08,018 --> 02:14:09,613 there's direct action, there's education, 2897 02:14:10,546 --> 02:14:11,903 boycotts, social investment. 2898 02:14:12,995 --> 02:14:13,827 There's many, many ways 2899 02:14:15,037 --> 02:14:17,452 to address issues of corporate power. 2900 02:14:19,098 --> 02:14:20,167 But in the final analysis, 2901 02:14:20,167 --> 02:14:21,000 what's really important is the vision. 2902 02:14:22,386 --> 02:14:24,266 You have to have a better story. 2903 02:14:24,266 --> 02:14:26,263 Do I know you well enough to call you fellow plunderers? 2904 02:14:28,955 --> 02:14:31,373 There is not an industrial company on earth, 2905 02:14:33,016 --> 02:14:36,733 not an institution of any kind, not mine, not yours, 2906 02:14:38,385 --> 02:14:40,035 not anyone's that is sustainable. 2907 02:14:43,386 --> 02:14:46,704 I stand convicted by me myself alone, not by anyone else, 2908 02:14:46,704 --> 02:14:47,933 as a plunderer of the earth, 2909 02:14:49,007 --> 02:14:50,863 but not by our civilization's definition. 2910 02:14:52,506 --> 02:14:53,603 By our civilization's definition, 2911 02:14:54,597 --> 02:14:56,115 I'm a captain of industry. 2912 02:14:56,115 --> 02:14:57,863 In the eyes of many a kind of modern day hero. 2913 02:14:58,706 --> 02:15:03,007 But really, really, the first industrial revolution 2914 02:15:04,797 --> 02:15:06,247 is flawed, it is not working. 2915 02:15:07,826 --> 02:15:08,826 It is unsustainable. 2916 02:15:10,557 --> 02:15:11,457 It is the mistake, 2917 02:15:13,927 --> 02:15:15,427 and we must move on to another 2918 02:15:16,567 --> 02:15:18,217 and better industrial revolution, 2919 02:15:19,184 --> 02:15:20,423 and get it right this time. 2920 02:15:22,437 --> 02:15:23,270 When I think of what could be 2921 02:15:24,837 --> 02:15:27,880 I visualize an organization of people 2922 02:15:30,327 --> 02:15:31,477 committed to a purpose, 2923 02:15:33,906 --> 02:15:35,556 and the purpose is doing no harm. 2924 02:15:37,258 --> 02:15:40,790 I see a company that has severed the umbilical cord to earth 2925 02:15:42,477 --> 02:15:43,343 for its raw materials, 2926 02:15:44,265 --> 02:15:46,770 taking raw materials that have already been extracted 2927 02:15:48,218 --> 02:15:49,353 and using them over and over again, 2928 02:15:50,567 --> 02:15:52,423 driving that process with renewable energy. 2929 02:15:54,698 --> 02:15:55,778 It is our plan, 2930 02:15:55,778 --> 02:15:58,923 it remains our plan to climb Mount Sustainability. 2931 02:16:01,138 --> 02:16:02,163 That mountain that is higher than Everest. 2932 02:16:03,826 --> 02:16:06,843 Infinitely higher than Everest, far more difficult to scale. 2933 02:16:08,167 --> 02:16:10,610 That point at the top symbolizing 2934 02:16:12,628 --> 02:16:13,938 zero footprint. 2935 02:16:13,938 --> 02:16:16,605 (pensive music) 2936 02:16:22,799 --> 02:16:23,910 - So we got to undo a lot of things 2937 02:16:25,010 --> 02:16:26,900 in order to be smart enough to do this 2938 02:16:26,900 --> 02:16:29,200 really dangerous and risky and difficult work, 2939 02:16:31,423 --> 02:16:32,440 the best way that we possibly can 2940 02:16:33,361 --> 02:16:34,850 and that means people coming together and learning 2941 02:16:35,840 --> 02:16:37,719 and a whole lot of stuff that we just don't know 2942 02:16:38,582 --> 02:16:40,038 that has been driven out of the culture, 2943 02:16:40,038 --> 02:16:40,931 driven out of the society, 2944 02:16:40,931 --> 02:16:42,219 driven out of our minds. 2945 02:16:42,219 --> 02:16:43,293 That to me is the most exciting thing. 2946 02:16:44,142 --> 02:16:45,011 That is happening. 2947 02:16:45,011 --> 02:16:46,063 It's happening all over the world now. 2948 02:18:41,019 --> 02:18:43,686 (aimless music) 2949 02:19:03,370 --> 02:19:04,280 - Sometimes it surprises me 2950 02:19:04,280 --> 02:19:05,112 how effective you can actually be. 2951 02:19:06,754 --> 02:19:07,994 After we beat the Gap 2952 02:19:07,994 --> 02:19:10,005 I walked past these Gap stores and I looked at them 2953 02:19:10,005 --> 02:19:11,915 and I think, my god there's like 2,000 of these stores 2954 02:19:11,915 --> 02:19:12,795 across the country. 2955 02:19:12,795 --> 02:19:13,754 Look at all that concrete, 2956 02:19:13,754 --> 02:19:15,084 look at the glass, 2957 02:19:15,084 --> 02:19:16,053 look at all the staff people, 2958 02:19:16,053 --> 02:19:17,064 look at all the clothing. 2959 02:19:17,064 --> 02:19:19,115 Look at that power. 2960 02:19:19,115 --> 02:19:21,407 You can still reach these companies. 2961 02:19:21,407 --> 02:19:22,313 You can still have an effect. 2962 02:19:52,583 --> 02:19:53,523 - [Richard] We can change the government. 2963 02:19:55,395 --> 02:19:56,813 That's the only way we're gonna redesign, 2964 02:19:57,885 --> 02:20:00,883 rethink, reconstitute what capital and property can do. 2965 02:20:04,376 --> 02:20:05,947 - 15 corporations would like to control 2966 02:20:05,947 --> 02:20:06,780 the conditions of our life, 2967 02:20:07,696 --> 02:20:09,867 and millions of people are saying 2968 02:20:09,867 --> 02:20:10,700 not only do we not need you, 2969 02:20:11,712 --> 02:20:13,216 we can do it better. 2970 02:20:13,216 --> 02:20:15,430 We are going to create systems that nourish the earth 2971 02:20:16,275 --> 02:20:17,935 and nourish human beings. 2972 02:20:17,935 --> 02:20:19,293 And these are not marginal experiments, 2973 02:20:20,136 --> 02:20:22,786 they are the mainstay of large numbers of communities 2974 02:20:23,827 --> 02:20:24,856 across the world. 2975 02:20:24,856 --> 02:20:26,856 That is where the future lies. 2976 02:20:26,856 --> 02:20:27,840 - I've often thought it's very ironic 2977 02:20:28,715 --> 02:20:31,035 that I'm able to do all this and yet what am I on? 2978 02:20:31,035 --> 02:20:31,994 I'm on networks, 2979 02:20:31,994 --> 02:20:33,445 I'm distributed by studios 2980 02:20:33,445 --> 02:20:35,894 that are owned by large corporate entities. 2981 02:20:35,894 --> 02:20:37,010 Now why would they put me out there 2982 02:20:38,867 --> 02:20:41,467 when I am opposed to everything that they stand for? 2983 02:20:42,843 --> 02:20:44,270 And I spend my time on their dime 2984 02:20:45,754 --> 02:20:46,873 opposing what they believe in. 2985 02:20:48,685 --> 02:20:49,518 Okay? 2986 02:20:49,518 --> 02:20:50,351 Well, it's because they don't believe in anything. 2987 02:20:51,416 --> 02:20:52,250 They put me on there because they know 2988 02:20:53,096 --> 02:20:55,795 that there's millions of people that want to see my film 2989 02:20:55,795 --> 02:20:56,814 or watch the TV show, 2990 02:20:56,814 --> 02:20:58,835 and so they're gonna make money. 2991 02:20:58,835 --> 02:21:00,594 And I've been able to get my stuff out there 2992 02:21:00,594 --> 02:21:02,082 because I'm driving my truck 2993 02:21:02,082 --> 02:21:04,012 through this incredible flaw in capitalism. 2994 02:21:05,283 --> 02:21:06,603 The greed flaw. 2995 02:21:06,603 --> 02:21:07,664 The thing that says 2996 02:21:07,664 --> 02:21:09,400 the rich man will sell you the rope to hang himself with 2997 02:21:10,253 --> 02:21:11,163 if he thinks he can make a buck off it. 2998 02:21:12,264 --> 02:21:13,653 Well, I'm the rope. 2999 02:21:13,653 --> 02:21:14,486 I hope. 3000 02:21:14,486 --> 02:21:15,493 I'm part of the rope. 3001 02:21:15,493 --> 02:21:18,193 And they also believe that when people watch my stuff, 3002 02:21:19,073 --> 02:21:21,213 or maybe watch this film, or whatever, 3003 02:21:21,213 --> 02:21:23,702 they think that, "Well, you know what? 3004 02:21:23,702 --> 02:21:24,535 "They'll watch this and they won't do anything, 3005 02:21:25,904 --> 02:21:26,737 "because we've done such a good job of 3006 02:21:27,635 --> 02:21:28,783 "numbing their minds and dumbing them down, 3007 02:21:30,875 --> 02:21:31,893 "they'll never affect. 3008 02:21:31,893 --> 02:21:33,302 "People aren't going to leave the couch 3009 02:21:33,302 --> 02:21:35,075 "and go and do something political." 3010 02:21:35,075 --> 02:21:36,824 They're convinced of that. 3011 02:21:36,824 --> 02:21:37,673 I'm convinced of the opposite. 3012 02:21:38,723 --> 02:21:39,733 I'm convinced that a few people 3013 02:21:39,733 --> 02:21:41,803 are gonna leave this movie theater 3014 02:21:41,803 --> 02:21:44,203 or get up off the couch and go and do something, 3015 02:21:45,471 --> 02:21:47,643 anything to get this world back in our hands. 3016 02:21:48,739 --> 02:21:51,572 (uncertain music)