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The war was wreaking havoc in the East
since 1937,
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00:00:09,220 --> 00:00:11,460
when Japan invaded China.
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00:00:12,780 --> 00:00:15,980
It arrived in Europe
on September 1, 1939,
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00:00:16,180 --> 00:00:18,460
when Germany invaded Poland.
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00:00:19,460 --> 00:00:23,320
It has gained worldwide scope
on December 7, 1941,
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when the Japanese planes attacked
the US naval base at Pearl Harbor.
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The war affected all continents...
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...and it lasted six years.
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It ended with a new weapon,
for a new era.
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This is the story of the greatest
event in human history
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and these men
they took part in it.
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They witnessed the shootings
and the tragedies of war
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from wherever battles took place.
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Their testimony is an element
from the history of the formation of our world...
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...by those who could pay...
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...and by those who
they couldn't take it anymore...
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...the price of empire.
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WORLD WAR II:
THE PRICE OF EMPIRE
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Whatever their justifications were
primary or subsequent,
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the truth cannot be disputed.
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The war that shook the world
it started
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by the German offensives
and of the Japanese.
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We are in the year 1944.
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The Nazis and the Japanese were driven out
from the conquered territories.
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They are obliged now
to defend their own territory...
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...being faced with a possible
unconditional surrenders.
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EPISODE 12:
UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER
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At the end of 1944, winter stopped
the advance of the Allies to the north
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through Italy, near Bologna.
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The advance was coming
to continue in the spring.
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The Germans threw us out of their planes
pamphlets written on paper.
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"Welcome
mountain hunter division!"
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"You will all be killed,
you will not return home alive."
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They put terror in us.
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15th Army Group,
led by Mark Clark,
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including the US 5th Army
and the British 8th Army,
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pushed the Germans towards the mountains.
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The operation in Italy
it was the most expensive campaign
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of Anglo-American forces
against the Germans.
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I remember when a German bunker
he was hit by a shell.
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A soldier was shouting for help.
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One of the comrades pulled out the nail
of a grenade and threw it inside.
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Boom!... And there was silence.
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I overlooked it.
Maybe it was better that way.
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Mark Clark planned the flanking
German Army Group C
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between his two armies.
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The Italians, deployed
in the partisan brigades,
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fought alongside the Allies,
replacing the Canadians
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who were withdrawn to take part
to the invasion of Normandy.
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The campaign began with Indian offensives
and New Zealanders from April 9,
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followed by the attempts of the 8th Army
flanking the German 10th Army.
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The advance led
at the taking of many prisoners
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by the soldiers who, although they have not
were glorified, they must not be forgotten.
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General Truscott's 5th American Army,
was slowed by bad weather,
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joining the campaign
on April 14.
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In the center, the 2nd Polish Army Corps
crossed the Silaro
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and advanced along Route 9.
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Bologna was conquered
on April 21.
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It was followed in the following
two days from Modena and Ferrara.
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On April 23, the general
von Vietinghoff, to whom it was suggested
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to resort to peace negotiations
by Heinrich Himmler himself,
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he thought it was necessary
the negotiation without the knowledge of Berlin.
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Until a leader of the Allies
received approval to negotiate,
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the offense had already gained
an unstoppable momentum.
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The Americans entered Genoa
on April 27.
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On April 29, the Nazis took action
without the authorization of Berlin
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and they signed
unconditional surrender.
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The war in Italy was over.
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That was it! Unconditional surrender
of about 1,000,000 soldiers
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was signed
by German officers in suits.
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on the same day
on the other side of the world...
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the structure that served longer
like any other in the British Army,
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17th Indian Division...
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...entered Bago in the final assault
over the capital of Burma, Rangoon.
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The two operations, with the purpose
to drive the Japanese out of Burma,
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they were already underway for several months.
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Slim's 14th Army advanced
from Assam crossing the Chindwin River,
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reestablishing contact with the Chinese
nationalists in operation Dracula,
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an airborne, land attack
and amphibious on Rangoon.
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Operation Capital
was launched on December 3.
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General Kumura, the commander
the Japanese Army in Burma,
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reached an impasse, not having
how to get more supplies.
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He fought hard
at the command of the marshal,
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but retreated before the attack,
offering little resistance.
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Lack of resistance made Slim
to change the strategy.
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Operation Extended Capital
it was a more ambitious one.
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They advanced south to conquer
a port, Moulmein or Rangoon,
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before the arrival of the monsoon.
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In January, the 19th Indian Division
built a bridge over the Irrawaddy.
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00:08:09,397 --> 00:08:13,561
At the end of the month, Burma roads
and Ledo joined Mong-yu.
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00:08:13,853 --> 00:08:17,802
The Chinese 1st Army advanced
south on the "Burma Road",
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00:08:18,119 --> 00:08:21,072
and the 6th Army advanced towards Bhamo,
in the southeast.
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00:08:23,454 --> 00:08:26,702
The 4th Army Corps initiated
the fight for Meiktila,
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city that fell
in front of the 17th Indian Division,
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whose supply route has been blocked
by a Japanese counteroffensive.
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The veterans of the 17th Division had to
to rely on airborne supplies
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and repel repeated attacks
of the Japanese 33rd Army
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to conquer
Meiktila airfields.
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Commander of the 33rd Army,
General Masiki Hinda,
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he was forced to announce his withdrawal
on March 28,
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at which time Mandalay
it was already conquered.
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At the end of the war I tried to run away.
I wanted to avoid becoming a prisoner.
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But I was captured
after hard attempts to escape.
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They told me: "You, get down there."
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It was a hole three meters deep,
which they used as a cell.
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It had no scale. Once thrown
inside, you couldn't escape.
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I couldn't climb
on a three-meter earthen wall.
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The USA was strong and the war
a bad thing, but I had no choice.
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What is left for you to do?
if you are poor
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00:09:56,356 --> 00:09:59,060
By the end of April,
the first monsoon rains,
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called "mango rains",
they made their presence felt.
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00:10:04,014 --> 00:10:09,740
It was decided to attack Rangoon
to continue with the Allies.
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00:10:12,711 --> 00:10:17,365
When I arrived
near Rangoon, the scenery…
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...it would seem impossible to you, however
overnight everything was flooded.
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00:10:24,831 --> 00:10:29,947
The crowns of the trees were visible,
but the trunks, no.
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Moving was impossible.
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00:10:35,070 --> 00:10:39,972
The Gurkha paratroopers have arrived
at "Elephant Point" on May 1.
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00:10:41,155 --> 00:10:44,774
The 26th Indian Division set out on the water
the next day,
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but he had nothing left to conquer.
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00:10:48,465 --> 00:10:51,806
The Japanese had retreated
the day before.
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00:10:54,944 --> 00:10:59,510
Apparently, the Japanese liked it
gold teeth.
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Many of them had gold teeth.
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When I found their bodies,
we inspect them...
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in the hope that we will find out
who they are and what their function is.
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A comrade from the Regiment
"West Kent" took their gold teeth.
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He collected them in a bag.
It's true, I'm not making anything up.
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By the beginning of August,
the Japanese withdrew from Burma.
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But they were not pursued further.
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00:11:40,108 --> 00:11:46,550
In August 1945, the Allies had landed
already on Japanese soil.
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00:11:51,855 --> 00:11:57,579
The campaign of 1945, which was supposed to
to shrink the Sphere of Co-Prosperity,
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aimed at the conquest of the Philippine Islands.
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00:12:01,757 --> 00:12:06,336
It started with the island of Leyte
and continued to the island of Luzon,
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where the first landings took place
at the beginning of January.
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There was no resistance on landing,
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00:12:16,591 --> 00:12:20,780
but they took place at sea
destructive attacks.
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00:12:22,365 --> 00:12:29,029
The kamikaze units used it effectively
outdated planes and inexperienced pilots.
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00:12:30,127 --> 00:12:35,315
The Japanese launched waves of kamikaze,
which damaged a lot of ships.
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00:12:37,909 --> 00:12:42,431
Their slogan was:
"A plane for a ship".
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00:12:49,879 --> 00:12:53,192
But they did not prevent the 6th Army
of General Walter Krueger
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00:12:53,408 --> 00:12:56,810
from the conquest of the territories
from the north of the island of Luzon.
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00:12:58,821 --> 00:13:03,071
The 14th Army Corps attacked Lingayen,
and Corps 1, Rosario,
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00:13:03,290 --> 00:13:06,035
where they met
a terrible resistance.
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00:13:06,363 --> 00:13:10,007
The 11th Army Corps landed
in northern Bataan on January 29.
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00:13:10,296 --> 00:13:14,433
The airborne invasion of Manila Bay
it took place two days later.
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00:13:14,747 --> 00:13:19,357
In Tokyo, Prime Minister Koiso
stated in parliament that:
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"Our military development
it doesn't allow us to be optimistic."
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The 14th Army Corps has arrived
on the outskirts of Manila on February 3,
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and General Douglas MacArthur
announced that he had conquered the capital.
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It was a wrong statement.
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00:13:41,367 --> 00:13:45,306
Japanese resistance in Manilla
lasted until March 3,
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00:13:45,610 --> 00:13:50,573
when Amata 6 of General Krueger
had already claimed 6,500 victims,
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and the Philippine capital
was completely destroyed.
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About 100,000 Filipinos died.
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00:14:05,857 --> 00:14:08,080
The Japanese could not bear the defeat
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and they took revenge by killing
a large number of civilians.
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00:14:12,706 --> 00:14:16,179
The time commander
this act of terrorism,
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00:14:16,460 --> 00:14:21,026
the famous "Tiger of Malaya",
was held accountable.
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00:14:23,041 --> 00:14:27,556
If Yamashita proves himself
to be guilty, to any degree,
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00:14:28,139 --> 00:14:32,479
for the war crimes committed
by his people in the Philippine Islands,
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00:14:34,028 --> 00:14:38,106
something other than condemnation
at death it would be mockery.
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00:14:40,082 --> 00:14:44,952
General Tomoyuki Yamashita was
hanged for war crimes.
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00:14:49,935 --> 00:14:55,826
Many Japanese soldiers kept theirs
defensive positions in the Philippines.
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But they were ignored,
becoming helpless pawns
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00:15:02,491 --> 00:15:06,473
in a war that had moved
on the two fortified outposts
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who now stood among the Allies
and the Japanese mother island:
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the islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
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Located over 1,200 km south
of Tokyo,
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one of the volcanic islands
from here, Iwo Jima,
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has a surface
of only 20 square kilometers.
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In early 1944,
Major General Tadamichi Kuribayashi
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00:15:36,315 --> 00:15:39,616
and the 21,000 soldiers of the 109th Division
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00:15:39,910 --> 00:15:46,016
were sent to transform Iwo Jima
in an impregnable fortress and defend it.
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00:15:46,780 --> 00:15:50,477
Kuribayashi conferred with the emperor
in person.
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00:15:51,044 --> 00:15:54,488
He was ordered not to return
in defeated Japan.
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The allies have begun
to transfer troops from Europe.
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00:16:00,659 --> 00:16:02,540
On the morning of February 19,
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00:16:02,740 --> 00:16:08,423
the first soldiers of the 3rd, 4th and 5th Divisions
of marines set foot on Japanese soil.
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00:16:10,184 --> 00:16:14,983
The Japanese trained swimmers
underwater kamikaze.
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00:16:15,256 --> 00:16:19,599
They caught a bomb on their heads,
they were swimming underwater
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00:16:20,284 --> 00:16:22,515
and they hit their heads against the vessel.
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00:16:22,823 --> 00:16:28,127
We had to scan the water
and try to shoot them
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00:16:28,379 --> 00:16:30,848
as they approached the ship.
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00:16:37,284 --> 00:16:39,591
Kuribayashi's plan was
not to shoot at them
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00:16:39,793 --> 00:16:44,314
until the beach was crowded
of soldiers and their equipment.
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00:16:50,597 --> 00:16:55,901
Mount Suribachi was the reason
the brutal battle of Iwo Jima.
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00:16:56,186 --> 00:16:59,921
Although they bombarded him continuously,
they were not making any progress,
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00:17:01,063 --> 00:17:04,733
because of the dug tunnels
by the Japanese.
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00:17:06,193 --> 00:17:09,303
The Japanese have prepared
a mighty defense,
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00:17:09,564 --> 00:17:12,437
with bunkers equipped with machine guns
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00:17:12,867 --> 00:17:16,655
and heavy artillery placed
behind reinforced steel doors,
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00:17:16,898 --> 00:17:19,101
having the advantage of the superior position.
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00:17:26,285 --> 00:17:30,836
The Americans were ready
for banzai attacks, but they were missing.
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00:17:31,240 --> 00:17:35,578
Kuribayashi forbade them,
considering them useless.
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00:17:37,984 --> 00:17:43,963
The fight continued, and the Japanese remained
without food, water and ammunition.
195
00:17:50,160 --> 00:17:54,640
On February 23, American soldiers
they conquered Mount Suribachi.
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00:17:56,126 --> 00:17:58,846
Six soldiers raised the flag.
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00:17:59,792 --> 00:18:02,615
Three of them
they did not survive the battle.
198
00:18:05,411 --> 00:18:08,626
The loss of Mount Suribachi
it did not represent the end of the fighting.
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00:18:09,052 --> 00:18:12,013
The positions of the Japanese
from the north of the island of Iwo Jima
200
00:18:12,278 --> 00:18:16,284
they fell due to assiduous attacks
of soldiers, air support,
201
00:18:16,696 --> 00:18:20,791
using flamethrowers
and the superiority of the effectives and means.
202
00:18:21,866 --> 00:18:25,768
Finally, the Japanese appealed
to banzai attacks,
203
00:18:27,520 --> 00:18:32,046
ending the Battle of Iwo Jima
on March 25.
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00:18:33,948 --> 00:18:40,244
Its conquest cost the Americans
the lives of 6,800 soldiers,
205
00:18:40,925 --> 00:18:45,182
over a third of the Marines
Americans fallen throughout the war.
206
00:18:47,073 --> 00:18:53,975
Only 216 Japanese were captured
from the garrison of 22,000 soldiers.
207
00:18:55,327 --> 00:18:59,127
The others fell in battle,
they committed suicide
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00:18:59,350 --> 00:19:04,592
or they hid in the galleries where
were found in the years that followed.
209
00:19:04,966 --> 00:19:09,095
The last Japanese soldier surrendered
in 1949.
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00:19:10,236 --> 00:19:15,581
The allies joined forces
for a more important attack.
211
00:19:16,124 --> 00:19:21,170
Okinawa was the last obstacle
before the attack on the mother island.
212
00:19:23,587 --> 00:19:27,156
While the Americans were preparing
to invade Japan
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00:19:27,446 --> 00:19:33,148
in Europe, their allies had conquered since January
enemy territories on the eastern front.
214
00:19:37,490 --> 00:19:42,537
In early 1945, the Soviets
they sent 6.7 million soldiers
215
00:19:42,737 --> 00:19:45,632
on the Baltic Sea front
to the Adriatic Sea.
216
00:19:45,888 --> 00:19:50,272
They were twice as many as the Nazis
who attacked in the Barbarossa operation.
217
00:19:52,458 --> 00:19:55,987
One third of the Soviet infantry
and half of the total number of tanks
218
00:19:56,187 --> 00:20:00,400
were concentrated on two fronts,
under the command of Konev and Zhukov,
219
00:20:00,600 --> 00:20:04,327
aiming to attack Berlin.
220
00:20:06,889 --> 00:20:10,124
Konev took the offensive
on January 12.
221
00:20:13,007 --> 00:20:16,978
The Soviets sent 200 divisions
beyond the Vistula River,
222
00:20:17,178 --> 00:20:20,449
to fight against the remains
Army Group Center.
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00:20:23,073 --> 00:20:30,077
By the end of the first day, the tanks
they penetrated more than 30 km in the front.
224
00:20:31,970 --> 00:20:36,058
The next day, Group 3 Belarus
of Cherniakhovsky advanced.
225
00:20:37,250 --> 00:20:40,158
On January 14, Group 1 Belarus
led by Zhukov advanced
226
00:20:40,397 --> 00:20:43,993
alongside Group 2 Belarus
led by Rokosovsky.
227
00:20:45,952 --> 00:20:51,381
Two days later, Nazi troops
from Warsaw began the retreat.
228
00:20:52,724 --> 00:20:57,348
We reached the Baltic Sea.
From there we advanced towards the Oder river.
229
00:21:01,943 --> 00:21:06,658
We had reached the mouth of the river.
I also fought in Warsaw.
230
00:21:06,858 --> 00:21:12,447
I started for Berlin.
It seemed like a straight path, but actually...
231
00:21:17,303 --> 00:21:21,502
After the conquest of Warsaw,
Berlin followed.
232
00:21:21,702 --> 00:21:25,388
I crossed the river Oder,
the river Spree and many others.
233
00:21:28,204 --> 00:21:31,345
Warsaw fell on January 17,
and Krakow, on the 18th.
234
00:21:31,559 --> 00:21:36,666
in two weeks
the Soviets advanced 480 km.
235
00:21:36,870 --> 00:21:40,616
The Nazis retreated until
the soviets halted their advance,
236
00:21:40,859 --> 00:21:44,272
80 kilometers away
by the suburbs of Berlin.
237
00:21:46,443 --> 00:21:50,277
On January 20, the effectives of Group 1
Ukrainian, led by Konev,
238
00:21:50,503 --> 00:21:53,670
crossed the border with Germany,
at Namslau.
239
00:21:54,747 --> 00:21:59,785
To the north, the 5th Armored Division and
The 5th Guards Army crossed the Oder River.
240
00:22:01,845 --> 00:22:06,300
On January 21, Hitler created
a new army group, "Vistula",
241
00:22:06,765 --> 00:22:09,981
naming Heinrich Himmler
to order.
242
00:22:11,255 --> 00:22:14,083
This group was not formed
of trained soldiers,
243
00:22:14,318 --> 00:22:17,316
but from volkssturm,
"people's army".
244
00:22:17,678 --> 00:22:21,643
The fact that Himmler was not a soldier
it didn't matter much anymore.
245
00:22:27,109 --> 00:22:30,309
As it progressed,
The Red Army released monuments
246
00:22:30,530 --> 00:22:34,235
raised in honor of those
who had subjugated their country.
247
00:22:34,686 --> 00:22:39,495
Until January 27, when they released
the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp,
248
00:22:41,098 --> 00:22:45,017
The Red Army had already liberated
the Treblinka camps,
249
00:22:45,337 --> 00:22:48,234
Majdanek, Sobibor and Belzec.
250
00:22:53,460 --> 00:23:00,046
I hoped that if I got to Auschwitz,
I will be able to help my mother.
251
00:23:00,802 --> 00:23:02,819
But I was naive.
252
00:23:03,425 --> 00:23:09,109
Doctor Mengele,
who led the selections of the Jews,
253
00:23:09,373 --> 00:23:12,166
decided who lives and who dies.
254
00:23:13,806 --> 00:23:18,908
He conducted the examinations.
He always wore white gloves.
255
00:23:19,285 --> 00:23:28,309
He was impeccably dressed. His SS uniform
she was clean, she wore tall, shiny boots...
256
00:23:31,054 --> 00:23:33,289
Upon release
the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp,
257
00:23:33,586 --> 00:23:40,269
the soviets found
368,820 men's suits,
258
00:23:40,545 --> 00:23:45,427
836,255 women's coats
and dresses
259
00:23:45,746 --> 00:23:49,028
and seven tons of human hair.
260
00:23:51,815 --> 00:23:56,035
A comrade of mine was
among the first to arrive at Dachau.
261
00:23:57,437 --> 00:24:01,212
He looked me in the eyes and tried
to speak to me through tears.
262
00:24:01,457 --> 00:24:05,183
He told me it was so serious
so that it is difficult for him to speak.
263
00:24:08,787 --> 00:24:12,071
Two million Nazis fled
by the Soviets.
264
00:24:12,271 --> 00:24:16,971
Hitler's "Drang nach Osten"
"the march to the east",
265
00:24:18,789 --> 00:24:23,431
...turned into "flucht
aus dem Osten", "flight from the east",
266
00:24:23,631 --> 00:24:28,171
reversing the effect of 800 years
of German subjugation.
267
00:24:29,840 --> 00:24:34,949
We reached the villages
in which I found no inhabitant.
268
00:24:35,863 --> 00:24:40,741
We arrived in abandoned cities
almost entirely.
269
00:24:42,789 --> 00:24:46,427
The Germans were afraid and fled.
270
00:24:46,627 --> 00:24:52,477
Nazi propaganda scared them
with the fact that we will have our revenge...
271
00:24:55,011 --> 00:25:00,225
...for all the atrocities
committed by them on our territory.
272
00:25:04,003 --> 00:25:10,287
We stopped in a town,
at the headquarters of the 4th Army Corps.
273
00:25:15,971 --> 00:25:21,264
It also had an underground part.
I heard a baby cry.
274
00:25:22,838 --> 00:25:27,231
What I saw when I opened it
the basement door?
275
00:25:28,732 --> 00:25:32,024
A mother who had strangled herself
one of the daughters
276
00:25:32,774 --> 00:25:38,706
and wanted to kill the second one,
but obviously, I didn't allow him.
277
00:25:38,906 --> 00:25:44,767
I took the two remaining girls
alive and their mother at the command.
278
00:25:44,967 --> 00:25:48,229
I let them calm down
and I offered them food.
279
00:25:50,808 --> 00:25:54,514
The mother then regretted it
bitter that he killed his little girl.
280
00:25:57,671 --> 00:26:00,510
At the beginning of February,
fronts of Zhukov and Konev
281
00:26:00,710 --> 00:26:05,130
they were waiting on the banks of the Oder
command for the final attack.
282
00:26:06,442 --> 00:26:14,143
In mid-February, 8.35 million
of civilians were fleeing from the path of the Red Army.
283
00:26:15,228 --> 00:26:19,873
Some managed to escape by running
with ships on the Baltic Sea.
284
00:26:20,091 --> 00:26:23,947
Thousands of civilians boarded at Danzig
on the Wilhelm Gustloff parcel boat.
285
00:26:24,311 --> 00:26:28,267
It was sunk on Jan 30. by a Russian submarine
(S13, ordered by Alexandru Marinescu),
286
00:26:28,508 --> 00:26:32,997
8,000-9,000 civilians dying.
287
00:26:33,298 --> 00:26:37,114
It is considered the largest
naval disaster in history.
288
00:26:42,682 --> 00:26:45,341
The day before
of the sinking of the parcel boat,
289
00:26:45,563 --> 00:26:49,469
Group 1 Belarus, led by Zhukov,
crossed the border into Germany.
290
00:26:49,760 --> 00:26:54,322
Konev followed in parallel,
further south, on the run to Berlin.
291
00:26:54,559 --> 00:26:58,900
Both army groups advanced
faster than anticipated.
292
00:27:01,154 --> 00:27:04,512
Supply and support could not
keep up with their progress.
293
00:27:04,924 --> 00:27:06,850
A break was needed.
294
00:27:07,407 --> 00:27:12,237
In February, Cherniakovsky, Rokosovsky
and Bagramyan started the attack
295
00:27:12,448 --> 00:27:16,530
and, south of the front line,
The Red Army conquered Budapest.
296
00:27:17,022 --> 00:27:20,225
The siege of Budapest lasted
50 days.
297
00:27:20,528 --> 00:27:25,585
From the encirclement of the city by
the Soviets, on December 26, 1944,
298
00:27:25,967 --> 00:27:29,372
they blocked in the city
70,000 Nazi and Hungarian soldiers
299
00:27:29,723 --> 00:27:33,005
and over 800,000 civilians.
300
00:27:35,624 --> 00:27:40,660
It was the longest
and more intense siege.
301
00:27:44,275 --> 00:27:49,491
Between those falls
many soldiers fell.
302
00:27:52,742 --> 00:27:56,122
My plane was shot down
above the city.
303
00:27:59,822 --> 00:28:03,011
A Messerschmitt plane
he opened fire and left.
304
00:28:04,211 --> 00:28:08,250
But a second one hit me,
and my plane caught fire.
305
00:28:10,765 --> 00:28:18,164
After I recovered somewhat
the plane, the fire hit me in the face.
306
00:28:19,565 --> 00:28:26,764
Fortunately, I was able to defend my face
with leather gloves.
307
00:28:28,716 --> 00:28:34,948
I took my hands from my face
and I opened the cockpit hatch.
308
00:28:37,551 --> 00:28:42,908
I parachuted
as fast as I could.
309
00:28:45,808 --> 00:28:48,809
Then a thought occurred to me.
310
00:28:49,009 --> 00:28:51,166
Before the war started...
311
00:28:51,566 --> 00:29:01,352
...a very popular movie was made,
called The Great Waltz.
312
00:29:03,352 --> 00:29:07,140
The song Danube appeared in the film
Blue, composed by Strauss.
313
00:29:07,340 --> 00:29:14,652
I wanted to see her once.
314
00:29:14,855 --> 00:29:19,230
Then I remembered how much
I had wanted to see its color.
315
00:29:19,430 --> 00:29:24,587
And now I was flying above her. But it wasn't
not blue at all, but rather plumb.
316
00:29:38,727 --> 00:29:43,719
The city's defenses gave way,
and the Party of Crosses with Arrows
317
00:29:43,969 --> 00:29:47,149
ordered the killing
of up to 15,000 Jews.
318
00:29:48,663 --> 00:29:54,913
Thousands of other Jews survived
thanks to a Swedish delegate.
319
00:29:55,513 --> 00:30:01,169
The delegate, captured by the Soviets
on January 17, he disappeared.
320
00:30:02,069 --> 00:30:05,193
His name was Raoul Wallenberg.
321
00:30:08,985 --> 00:30:12,207
Dated February 13,
when Budapest was conquered,
322
00:30:12,507 --> 00:30:15,475
she is also remembered for her actions
the British of that day,
323
00:30:15,675 --> 00:30:21,340
which, as they claim, they had
the purpose of helping the Soviet allies.
324
00:30:24,940 --> 00:30:29,206
In operation Siege,
from the night of February 13 to 14,
325
00:30:29,506 --> 00:30:34,623
796 British Lancaster aircraft
they attacked Dresden,
326
00:30:34,948 --> 00:30:38,603
a town near the line
the Soviet front from that date.
327
00:30:43,203 --> 00:30:46,727
A large part of the ancient city
was destroyed.
328
00:30:49,427 --> 00:30:52,356
50,000 people died.
329
00:30:52,856 --> 00:30:54,675
The reporters reported
that, on the way home,
330
00:30:55,075 --> 00:30:59,332
they could see the fires in Dresden
from over 150 km away.
331
00:31:01,438 --> 00:31:05,513
Anxiety about the destruction
it is not a specific aspect of war.
332
00:31:06,839 --> 00:31:12,108
Churchill himself was angered by the gesture
which did not hasten the end of the war.
333
00:31:12,468 --> 00:31:15,073
But as they stated
and his supporters,
334
00:31:15,386 --> 00:31:18,508
he was not late either
the fall of Germany.
335
00:31:22,425 --> 00:31:26,452
Ten days after Dresden,
Rokosovski set out for Pomerania.
336
00:31:26,752 --> 00:31:29,047
Zhukov joined him on 1 March.
337
00:31:29,247 --> 00:31:33,789
Four days later, the German counteroffensive
The Return of Spring
338
00:31:34,087 --> 00:31:38,483
undertook attacks on Group 3
Ukrainian, led by General Tolbukhin.
339
00:31:43,498 --> 00:31:49,098
The Nazis advanced 25 km in
four days, but they would withdraw.
340
00:31:49,398 --> 00:31:52,436
The operation is over
mid march
341
00:31:53,736 --> 00:31:58,636
and Hitler resorted to a new round
dismissals and replacements.
342
00:32:02,636 --> 00:32:08,536
On April 6, Malinovski and Tolbukhin
they reached the outskirts of Vienna.
343
00:32:08,936 --> 00:32:14,736
The great former capital of the empire
it was conquered on April 13.
344
00:32:18,436 --> 00:32:23,036
There is no more left
than the battle for Berlin.
345
00:32:24,136 --> 00:32:26,436
The Allies were so confident
in victory
346
00:32:26,736 --> 00:32:30,036
that they had planned in February
The Yalta conference.
347
00:32:30,936 --> 00:32:33,336
Two months after the conference,
348
00:32:33,636 --> 00:32:39,436
Roosevelt died at the age of 63.
due to a cerebral hemorrhage.
349
00:32:40,136 --> 00:32:42,436
Washington said goodbye
350
00:32:42,636 --> 00:32:47,536
from the president who led them
with wisdom and sympathy.
351
00:32:58,136 --> 00:33:00,336
On the day that Dwight D. Eisenhower,
352
00:33:00,536 --> 00:33:05,536
which was to arrive in the future
at the US presidency,
353
00:33:06,136 --> 00:33:09,736
assumed leadership
allied soldiers in Europe,
354
00:33:10,036 --> 00:33:14,336
the situation on this continent
she seemed to be completely favorable.
355
00:33:20,736 --> 00:33:24,536
American 3rd Army, led by
General Patton, advancing towards Metz,
356
00:33:24,736 --> 00:33:28,136
American 1st Army, led by
General Hodges, advancing towards Cambrai,
357
00:33:28,436 --> 00:33:31,836
and the 2nd British Army, led
by Dempsey, entered Arras.
358
00:33:37,236 --> 00:33:41,936
To the south, Patch's 7th Army together
with the French B Army, they were in Lyon,
359
00:33:42,136 --> 00:33:45,136
which was conquered in the day
when the British Armored Division
360
00:33:45,336 --> 00:33:48,136
liberated the capital of Belgium,
Brussels.
361
00:33:48,636 --> 00:33:52,836
General Montogomery had a plan
which would hasten the victory.
362
00:33:53,136 --> 00:33:56,736
Eisenhower offered him the command
reserve ground forces.
363
00:34:00,236 --> 00:34:03,136
The operation was called
Market Garden.
364
00:34:03,436 --> 00:34:07,136
It was meant to push
the German flank beyond the Rhine
365
00:34:07,436 --> 00:34:13,136
and take control of the bridges,
facilitating the advance of the troops.
366
00:34:15,136 --> 00:34:19,636
The operation has begun
on September 17.
367
00:34:20,136 --> 00:34:24,436
"Market" was the airborne attack
which had as its target the bridges,
368
00:34:25,136 --> 00:34:29,436
and "Garden" was the ground attack
of General Horrocks' 30th Corps,
369
00:34:29,736 --> 00:34:32,236
in order to meet
with airborne soldiers.
370
00:34:34,736 --> 00:34:38,336
If all went well, soldiers
airborne had to resist
371
00:34:38,536 --> 00:34:42,236
for four days, until arrival
Corps 30 Army.
372
00:34:43,736 --> 00:34:46,036
But it was not to be.
373
00:34:55,236 --> 00:35:00,736
Many books and screenplays have been written
about "A bridge too far".
374
00:35:01,236 --> 00:35:05,936
It is not yet known exactly
what went wrong and why.
375
00:35:09,936 --> 00:35:14,736
Montgomery stated
that the weather was the main cause.
376
00:35:15,136 --> 00:35:18,036
This has always been the case
an excuse for hope.
377
00:35:19,580 --> 00:35:25,080
The difficult terrain made it difficult
the advance of the 30th Army Corps.
378
00:35:26,580 --> 00:35:32,280
Most airborne soldiers
of this ambiguous mission
379
00:35:32,580 --> 00:35:36,880
they parachuted too far
380
00:35:37,180 --> 00:35:39,980
of the bridges they were supposed to be on
to conquer them.
381
00:35:42,180 --> 00:35:46,980
At Arnhem, they arrived
at a distance of 8-12 km away,
382
00:35:47,580 --> 00:35:52,680
a stone's throw from the Panzer divisions
which were replenished.
383
00:35:59,480 --> 00:36:04,080
I was above the parachute area.
The light was red, we got ready...
384
00:36:06,180 --> 00:36:08,680
...and at the green light I jumped.
385
00:36:11,480 --> 00:36:16,680
Feet together, head down,
straight shoulders and I landed.
386
00:36:22,080 --> 00:36:26,280
US 101st Airborne Division
he reached his target, meeting little resistance.
387
00:36:26,480 --> 00:36:30,780
Reunited with the 30th Army Corps,
same as the 82nd Airborne Division.
388
00:36:32,980 --> 00:36:36,280
The Eindhoven and Nijmegen bridges
they were already conquered.
389
00:36:36,930 --> 00:36:43,130
On September 21, the German forces
they recaptured the bridge at Arnhem,
390
00:36:43,430 --> 00:36:46,630
which was then controlled
by the British 1st Airborne Division.
391
00:36:50,430 --> 00:36:54,030
Me and those who were left
from my band
392
00:36:54,730 --> 00:37:01,530
I arrived at the bridge on Sunday and
I advanced to Wednesday afternoon.
393
00:37:07,730 --> 00:37:10,230
Not many of us survived.
394
00:37:11,230 --> 00:37:15,730
I could say
that the ammunition was completely lacking.
395
00:37:18,030 --> 00:37:22,430
On September 26, Division 1
Airborne was circled.
396
00:37:23,630 --> 00:37:28,630
Only 2,000 of the 10,000 soldiers
they managed to escape by crossing the Rhine.
397
00:37:30,130 --> 00:37:34,730
We parachuted 148 soldiers
and I only survived ten.
398
00:37:37,230 --> 00:37:39,030
The failure of this operation showed
399
00:37:39,230 --> 00:37:43,030
that the war in Europe
it will not end in 1944.
400
00:37:46,930 --> 00:37:50,830
A day after losing Division 1,
Montgomery turned his attention
401
00:37:51,130 --> 00:37:54,830
on the mission that many
they considered it a priority.
402
00:37:57,230 --> 00:37:59,530
To secure the estuary of the river Escaut.
403
00:37:59,930 --> 00:38:05,930
The prize coveted by the Allies
it was access to Antwerp.
404
00:38:12,330 --> 00:38:16,130
It was the port they needed
Allies to transport supplies
405
00:38:16,330 --> 00:38:19,930
and reinforcements to the front lines
in constant motion.
406
00:38:26,630 --> 00:38:31,330
Securing the estuary was vital
to be able to use the port.
407
00:38:31,530 --> 00:38:36,930
A real obstacle was the island
Walcheren, from the middle of the estuary.
408
00:38:41,330 --> 00:38:45,130
The 1st Canadian Army advanced
on the northern bank of the Escaut,
409
00:38:45,430 --> 00:38:48,530
and the British 2nd Army,
from the southeast.
410
00:38:50,030 --> 00:38:54,530
On October 16, the 2nd Canadian Division
conquered Woensdrecht.
411
00:38:56,530 --> 00:39:01,430
German 15th Army, led by
general Gustav von Zangen, was cornered.
412
00:39:07,630 --> 00:39:09,930
We disembarked on the sandy shores.
413
00:39:10,730 --> 00:39:14,330
They started shooting at us.
414
00:39:18,830 --> 00:39:23,130
I remember seeing it
comrades on foot, in the sand.
415
00:39:23,430 --> 00:39:26,030
I shouted at them to hide.
416
00:39:27,530 --> 00:39:30,330
What did they do?
417
00:39:30,830 --> 00:39:35,130
They took refuge in a German bunker
full of enemies.
418
00:39:35,830 --> 00:39:39,930
But they did not want to fight with us,
but to surrender.
419
00:39:45,830 --> 00:39:48,930
On November 3,
the Canadians reached Walcheren.
420
00:39:49,130 --> 00:39:52,130
The island was secured by the 8th Division.
421
00:39:54,130 --> 00:39:57,630
That same day, Patton undertook
offensive in the Saar region.
422
00:40:02,930 --> 00:40:05,830
The French 1st Army reached Belfort.
423
00:40:06,230 --> 00:40:11,230
By the middle of the month, the flocks
they secured the entire front line.
424
00:40:11,730 --> 00:40:14,830
The American 1st and 9th Armies were
north of general patton,
425
00:40:15,130 --> 00:40:17,830
The 7th Army entered Strasbourg
on November 2,
426
00:40:18,030 --> 00:40:19,930
and the 6th Army penetrated the Maginot Line
427
00:40:20,130 --> 00:40:26,130
the day the first ships arrived
in the port of Antwerp.
428
00:40:29,130 --> 00:40:32,530
Then hell broke loose on earth.
429
00:40:33,130 --> 00:40:36,230
Operation Herbstnebel,
"Autumn Mist",
430
00:40:36,530 --> 00:40:41,530
began in the Ardennes
on December 16, 1944.
431
00:40:43,530 --> 00:40:48,930
It remained in history under the name of
The Battle of the Bulge or "The Ardennes Offensive".
432
00:40:58,430 --> 00:41:03,230
The 145 km long front was defended
of four American divisions,
433
00:41:03,530 --> 00:41:08,030
being supported by the inexperienced
9th Armored Division.
434
00:41:09,030 --> 00:41:12,430
Two of the infantry divisions
were sent to the quiet Ardennes
435
00:41:12,630 --> 00:41:18,430
for restoration, and a third, Division 106,
she had never been engaged in combat.
436
00:41:20,230 --> 00:41:25,530
Thanks to these braves they failed
the two Panzer divisions.
437
00:41:29,030 --> 00:41:33,330
The German 5th Army broke through
106th Division.
438
00:41:35,130 --> 00:41:38,730
The experienced 28th Division opposed
a fierce resistance.
439
00:41:39,630 --> 00:41:45,330
The Allied Command realized
what happens only in the afternoon...
440
00:41:48,330 --> 00:41:53,930
...partly because of the confusion created
of 150 Germans in American uniforms,
441
00:41:54,130 --> 00:41:58,230
who infiltrated the allied lines
under the command of Otto Skorzeny,
442
00:41:58,530 --> 00:42:01,030
the one who had saved Mussolini.
443
00:42:01,930 --> 00:42:05,130
Our command
was totally taken by surprise.
444
00:42:05,730 --> 00:42:09,630
So the reaction was extreme.
445
00:42:11,930 --> 00:42:16,430
All bombers available
they attacked their supply lines.
446
00:42:17,830 --> 00:42:20,830
Absolutely every plane.
447
00:42:26,130 --> 00:42:32,030
I remember how the sky was studded
of planes. It was a memorable image.
448
00:42:39,530 --> 00:42:42,730
On December 18, Eisenhower
stopped the advance on the Rhine,
449
00:42:42,930 --> 00:42:46,130
treating with priority
repelling the German offensive.
450
00:42:46,630 --> 00:42:51,030
The Nazi advance slowed
due to lack of fuel.
451
00:42:52,030 --> 00:42:57,630
When they started the Ardennes offensive,
they sent us to help in Belgium.
452
00:42:58,230 --> 00:43:02,030
I and two other comrades were trying
let's sleep a little.
453
00:43:04,030 --> 00:43:09,030
we were bombarded
shrapnel was flying everywhere.
454
00:43:12,730 --> 00:43:18,230
I was wounded twice in the leg.
A comrade was hit in the chest.
455
00:43:20,430 --> 00:43:24,030
We don't know about the third one
what happened
456
00:43:24,330 --> 00:43:29,930
There was no wound, I guessed
that he died of concussion.
457
00:43:31,530 --> 00:43:36,230
I participated in the rejection
offensive in the Ardennes, at Bastogne.
458
00:43:38,330 --> 00:43:40,030
I was in a house.
459
00:43:40,430 --> 00:43:46,730
I was sitting next to a comrade
when, suddenly, I heard a hissing sound.
460
00:43:47,230 --> 00:43:50,630
An 88 mm projectile landed
between us we startled.
461
00:43:50,930 --> 00:43:52,630
But it didn't explode.
462
00:43:53,030 --> 00:43:58,230
I looked at my comrade in terror,
and he told me he got away with it.
463
00:44:01,930 --> 00:44:06,730
On December 21, the commander
101st Airborne Division from Bastogne,
464
00:44:07,630 --> 00:44:09,530
which had been surrounded by the enemy,
465
00:44:10,430 --> 00:44:15,630
received a request from the Germans
for his troops to surrender.
466
00:44:19,830 --> 00:44:23,130
General Anthony McAuliffe's response,
which contained only one word,
467
00:44:23,330 --> 00:44:27,930
it was difficult for the translators
Germans, but it remained in history.
468
00:44:28,330 --> 00:44:31,430
He only wrote to them: "Nuts!"
(kind of like: "Fuck you!")
469
00:44:40,830 --> 00:44:44,230
On the 22nd, the 6th Panzer Division
the advance stopped.
470
00:44:44,530 --> 00:44:47,130
The units had started
to lose touch with each other.
471
00:44:49,130 --> 00:44:54,330
Hasso von Manteufell's 5th Panzer Army,
which had surrounded Bastogne, attacked.
472
00:44:56,130 --> 00:44:59,130
But the Germans stopped there.
473
00:45:07,430 --> 00:45:10,830
3rd American Army, under command
to Patton, the pressure from the south.
474
00:45:11,030 --> 00:45:16,030
With the good weather, the Allies
they proved their aerial supremacy.
475
00:45:22,430 --> 00:45:26,130
The 3rd Army was led
by General Patton.
476
00:45:27,130 --> 00:45:32,030
I remember that,
during the period under his command,
477
00:45:32,830 --> 00:45:37,630
had many armored personnel.
478
00:45:40,230 --> 00:45:45,830
We infantrymen
we were trying to keep up with the tanks.
479
00:45:46,230 --> 00:45:48,630
I was running away from eating the ground.
480
00:45:53,030 --> 00:45:57,330
The Ardennes offensive caused approx
80,000 victims in each camp,
481
00:45:57,530 --> 00:46:04,330
losses that the Allies had the capacity
to replace them, but not Axis.
482
00:46:06,430 --> 00:46:11,630
The situation was even worse in the case
tanks, artillery and planes.
483
00:46:16,230 --> 00:46:23,630
In the first two months of 1945,
The US brought seven divisions to Europe.
484
00:46:26,930 --> 00:46:29,430
Three of these were
armored divisions.
485
00:46:32,230 --> 00:46:38,530
45 ships were needed to transport
an armored division across the Atlantic.
486
00:46:38,830 --> 00:46:42,330
We can figure it out
about the scope of the operation.
487
00:46:44,930 --> 00:46:49,630
The Ardennes offensive delayed the Allies
in forcing the Rhine by 6 weeks.
488
00:46:50,430 --> 00:46:53,330
But it was just a reprieve.
489
00:47:01,930 --> 00:47:04,130
Crossing the Rhine
was the last barrier
490
00:47:04,430 --> 00:47:08,430
before Eisenhower's armies
to penetrate the Nazi homeland.
491
00:47:13,730 --> 00:47:17,130
We were going to iron
on the territory of Germany.
492
00:47:17,630 --> 00:47:20,230
I only knew that Germany was starting
on the other side
493
00:47:20,430 --> 00:47:24,030
and we all drank from the river,
to be lucky
494
00:47:29,530 --> 00:47:34,330
Patton crossed the Rhine at Oppenheim,
and Montgomery to Emmerich, the following night.
495
00:47:34,830 --> 00:47:37,230
Then the American 3rd and 7th Armies passed,
496
00:47:37,430 --> 00:47:41,430
and on the last day of March,
French 1st Army at Germersheim.
497
00:47:42,530 --> 00:47:46,330
In less than four weeks,
the Soviets, the Americans and the British
498
00:47:46,630 --> 00:47:48,730
they will shake hands near the Elbe.
499
00:47:49,130 --> 00:47:52,430
The war that had begun in Europe
68 months ago
500
00:47:52,730 --> 00:47:55,230
it was going to end soon.
501
00:48:04,330 --> 00:48:08,530
In the last episode,
Berlin is conquered
502
00:48:08,930 --> 00:48:14,230
the german empire is collapsing
and the war ends in the west.
503
00:48:15,230 --> 00:48:18,730
The allies aimed their weapons
to Japanese territory.
504
00:48:19,830 --> 00:48:24,630
An evil weapon rushed
the end of the war in the Far East.
505
00:48:25,630 --> 00:48:30,130
Peace was signed.
The losses were weighed.
506
00:48:31,130 --> 00:48:34,330
And the world has changed
pentru totdeauna.
507
00:48:36,830 --> 00:48:41,830
Root: Viasat History
Trans-syncro: vonRichthofen
Subs.ro Team @ www.subs.ro