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The war was wreaking havoc in the East
since 1937,
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when Japan invaded China.
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00:00:12,780 --> 00:00:15,980
It arrived in Europe
on September 1, 1939,
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00:00:16,180 --> 00:00:18,460
when Germany invaded Poland.
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It has gained worldwide scope
on December 7, 1941,
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when the Japanese planes attacked
the US naval base at Pearl Harbor.
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The war affected all continents...
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...and it lasted six years.
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It ended with a new weapon,
for a new era.
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This is the story of the greatest
event in human history
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and these men
they took part in it.
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They witnessed the shootings
and the tragedies of war
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from wherever battles took place.
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Their testimony is an element
from the history of the formation of our world...
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...by those who could pay...
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...and by those who
they couldn't take it anymore...
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...the price of empire.
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WORLD WAR II:
THE PRICE OF EMPIRE
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In the previous episode,
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The Allies opened
a second front in Europe.
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Now they will leave the beaches
Normandy and will advance towards the Rhine.
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The Red Army will trigger
summer offensive,
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operation Bagration, the beginning
his advance to Berlin.
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In the east, through the invasion of the Philippines,
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The allies will come closer
of the islands of Japan.
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Axis countries will fight enemies
who want unconditional surrender.
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Foreign Minister Shigemitsu
he spoke, perhaps, on behalf of the Axis
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when he said:
"Hell has come upon us".
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EPISODE 11:
HELL HAS COME UPON US
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In November 1942, Hitler showed them
for the first time to the Germans
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that success will be on their side
thanks to the Vergeltungswaffen,
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weapons of retaliation.
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Vergeltungswaffen 1 or V-1...
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and Vergeltungswaffen 2 or V-2.
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Although they did better
of 30,000 victims,
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these "miracle weapons"
they did not influence the fate of the war.
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They showed up too late
and they brought too few benefits
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for the huge investment
what could have been better used.
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The armies that invaded Normandy
they were completely mechanized.
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The Wehrmacht still depended
of 1,250,000 horses.
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In 1944 there was another weapon
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which could have influenced
fate of the war, but it failed.
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The German officers stood up
against Hitler,
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but they failed to blow it up.
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During his rise, they were
ten attempts on Hitler's life
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and almost 20 others
after becoming führer.
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Two of them were
one step closer to success
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but operation Valkyria
it was different.
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It was not the work of the resistance,
of communists or fanatics,
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but a conspiracy from within,
which was going to be executed by the military,
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by some of the most distinguished
and more advanced in degree,
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who paid with their lives
for the poorly coordinated plot.
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They reproached Hitler
especially the siege of Stalingrad,
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which they considered proof
that the war was badly conducted.
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With Hitler physically and mentally affected
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by the attack from the headquarters
from which he miraculously escaped,
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the future of Germany was
on uncertain hands,
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just when on the eastern front,
west and in Italy
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it was desperately needed
by an authoritarian leader.
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A campaign from Italy has arrived
north of Rome after many months,
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facing another barrier
German defensive line, the Gothic Line,
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which was not easy to pass.
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00:05:31,179 --> 00:05:33,419
Allied troops were withdrawn
with experience
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in order to prepare
for the invasion of southern France.
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These have been replaced
of 25,000 Brazilian soldiers...
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00:05:43,267 --> 00:05:47,314
...Brazil had declared war on the Axis
in August 1942...
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...and the 92nd Infantry Division
american.
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00:05:54,443 --> 00:05:58,676
It was the only African-American division
who fought in Europe,
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nicknamed the Bison Division.
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Before the success in Italy,
let's analyze the campaign
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who brought out the best soldiers
Americans and French from Italy.
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It's about the Dragoon operation.
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This proved
which of the Allies is superior.
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Churchill and his generals were not
agree to the operation,
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unlike Roosevelt
and the American General Staff.
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Above all they wanted
to conquer Marseilles,
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port through which they could supply
the invading army.
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Churchill was against it
for political reasons, not military.
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Consider that weight loss
forces in Italy,
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that were supposed to arrive
to the center of Europe,
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meant leaving East Germany,
Czechoslovakia, Poland and the Balkans
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at the hands of the Red Army
and the Soviet Union.
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Naturally, Stalin agreed
with Roosevelt's decision,
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but Churchill knew
very good history.
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In 1914, among the tsar's objectives
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there had also been the establishment of the Russian-German border
on the Oder and Neisse courses,
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goal reached by the USSR in 1945.
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Operation Dragoon, postponed
for August 15 due to lack of ships,
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it was irrelevant in the geopolitical context.
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Opposition encountered in the south
was quickly defeated
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00:08:00,931 --> 00:08:03,441
by the airborne forces
and those from the sea,
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who disembarked under protection
naval bombardment.
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This is the opening moment
of the fourth front,
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The third blow to the Nazis
from France.
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In two days, the Allies advanced
inland on the Cote d'Azur,
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and the Germans began to retreat.
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In four weeks, the operation
Dragoon pushed the German troops,
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but he couldn't keep up
with their withdrawal.
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Over 2,000 Allied soldiers
and 7,000 of the Germans perished
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00:09:09,029 --> 00:09:12,621
in an upcoming campaign
too late to help
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00:09:12,821 --> 00:09:16,649
to support and supply
troops in Normandy.
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Churchill's fears
they had been justified.
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The failure of the Allies to arrive
in central Europe before the Russians
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influenced world politics
for 50 years.
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According to the saying
American General Mark Clark,
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"It was the biggest mistake
war politics".
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The American 7th Army advanced rapidly
after landing in the south of France,
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but left the 5th Army behind,
of General Mark Clark.
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00:10:01,495 --> 00:10:05,788
On the Adriatic coast, the British 8th Army
hit the Gothic Line
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at the point where it suddenly sloped,
walking along the Apennines,
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the backbone of Italy.
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The American 5th Army was advancing towards
Bologna, along the west coast.
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The British began to advance
at the end of August.
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The American offensive has started
on September 12.
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00:10:38,819 --> 00:10:42,745
In ten days, the Americans broke through
Gothic Line,
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but the weather and relief
made their progress much more difficult.
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At the end of October,
located in the mountains, far from Bologna,
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Clark was forced
to give up the offensive.
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He had lost nearly 16,000 soldiers,
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which could not be replaced
fast enough.
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I was in Pisa and I asked a kid
what about a pit full of wood.
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He told me that the Germans were rounding them up
on old people...
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...they were throwing them into the pit
and they set fire to them.
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That's what the kid told me.
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I thought it was awful.
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The British stopped the offensive from
Italy at the end of December.
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They had crossed the Conca rivers,
Marecchia, Rubicon,
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Savion, Ronco and Lamone
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00:11:39,638 --> 00:11:44,526
and they still had many rivers to cross
before reaching the river Po.
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It is difficult to wage a war in Italy.
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Although Italy was not conquered
in 1944,
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important German forces beat
step in place.
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They could have supported
German armies
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from the second front
or from the eastern front.
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But Germany was
as the historian Paul Kennedy said,
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an empire that had outgrown itself
military capability.
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He had to defend the conquered territories
in east and west.
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He had less and less available
resources mobilized in the country.
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Germany's ally in Asia
reacted to the same risk
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going on the attack.
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Japan launched a massive offensive
on China
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operation Ichi-Go,
i.e. "operation number 1".
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They sent 510,000
by Japanese military,
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00:13:06,813 --> 00:13:11,815
a force far outnumbered
the Japanese fighting on other fronts.
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The offensive had two targets.
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To open a supply route
to Indochina
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and occupy the air bases from where
American bombers were attacking
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Japanese islands and vessels.
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The songs were part of it
from the culture of the Japanese military.
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For the offensive Ichi-Go was written
and learned a new song,
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hummed by the marching Japanese.
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With care of trees and grass
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Through Hunan province
Japanese soldiers are marching
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They have a heart of gold
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Enemies English and Americans
we are
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The devils with white faces...
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These images of the Guilin evacuation
they were repeated in hundreds of otherplaces
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from war-torn China.
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The transport could be done
only by rail,
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00:14:29,013 --> 00:14:33,019
and the station soon filled up
with 20,000 passengers.
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The offensive achieved its objective,
arrived in Indochina
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and eliminated the military bases
where American planes operated.
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00:14:48,746 --> 00:14:55,061
The golden-hearted Japanese killed
about 300,000 Chinese.
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They suffered in turn
100,000 human losses.
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But it didn't help much.
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Japan was the target of other attacks,
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and his boundaries were pushed
to the Pacific.
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00:15:19,827 --> 00:15:22,896
The American bombers resumed
the offensive against Japan
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from bases in the Mariana Islands,
newly conquered.
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The Ichi-Go offensive was advancing in China,
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and the Americans started the campaign
of reconquest of the Philippines.
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In mid-October,
air attacks have become rarer.
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On October 14,
the invasion force set sail.
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MacArthur had 420 carriers
and 157 warships,
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having 50,000 sailors on board
and carrying 165,000 soldiers.
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The first ones disembarked
the American rangers, on October 17.
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On October 20, the bulk landed
troops, on a front of 25 km.
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A bridgehead was established
and landed 100,000 soldiers,
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with 49 victims
among Americans.
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00:16:50,020 --> 00:16:56,026
MacArthur kept his promise
made in 1942 and returned.
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The landing of the general was
an impressive moment.
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To herald his return,
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00:17:04,389 --> 00:17:06,888
MacArhur went through the water
to be filmed
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to despair
to those around him.
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00:17:09,989 --> 00:17:13,220
Shortly after these images,
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00:17:13,428 --> 00:17:16,432
the bullets fired by a Japanese plane
they missed it by a millimeter.
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The Imperial Army fought back
by air and naval forces.
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He sent reinforcements
and bombarded American troops.
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00:17:33,098 --> 00:17:36,519
American air superiority
repelled the attack
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00:17:36,802 --> 00:17:39,406
and, by the greatest operation
naval from history,
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00:17:40,391 --> 00:17:44,426
US naval forces
they defeated the enemies.
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00:17:46,268 --> 00:17:52,038
The Second Battle for the Philippines took place
between October 23 and 26 in Leyte Gulf.
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It was the last great confrontation
between warships.
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There were attacks and mistakes,
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00:18:00,872 --> 00:18:05,860
as the ships were lost
in the narrow channels between the islands
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00:18:06,403 --> 00:18:10,006
and they tried, on the one hand,
to attack the landing troops...
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00:18:13,590 --> 00:18:16,641
or the aircraft carriers,
on the other hand.
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00:18:22,545 --> 00:18:25,783
The Americans recorded
significant losses.
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00:18:29,389 --> 00:18:31,168
But for Japan...
200
00:18:33,665 --> 00:18:36,745
...the losses were devastating.
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00:18:43,031 --> 00:18:48,751
The Japanese lost 80% of the
ships sent to Leyte Gulf.
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00:18:49,797 --> 00:18:55,420
The Japanese fleet remained
no aircraft carriers.
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00:18:56,816 --> 00:19:01,931
At the end of the battle in the bay, s
decided the fate of the battle for the Philippines.
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00:19:05,757 --> 00:19:09,618
Although the Japanese still had
250,000 troops on Luzon,
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they had lost more than half
among the air forces,
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00:19:14,601 --> 00:19:17,196
26 major warships,
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00:19:17,971 --> 00:19:21,173
60,000 soldiers had been killed
and another 10,000 had drowned
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00:19:21,425 --> 00:19:23,851
with the sinking of the ships
of transport.
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00:19:25,688 --> 00:19:28,584
When I returned home...
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00:19:28,784 --> 00:19:36,522
...my brother's picture was already there
in the altar in the house.
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00:19:37,613 --> 00:19:40,415
He had died in China, he had been killed.
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00:19:40,615 --> 00:19:45,867
My brother died
in a suicide attack on Leyte.
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00:19:49,006 --> 00:19:56,135
That's how it happened. To my shame,
I returned home.
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00:19:57,946 --> 00:20:01,391
Victory in the Pacific was
closer and closer.
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00:20:02,734 --> 00:20:06,180
And in Europe it was just one step away.
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00:20:13,197 --> 00:20:15,566
In four days
after the Normandy landings,
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00:20:15,766 --> 00:20:17,958
The Red Army resumed
winter war,
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00:20:18,200 --> 00:20:23,247
in order to get out of the war
Finland, member of the Axis.
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00:20:31,397 --> 00:20:35,392
21st Army on the Leningrad front
the attack began.
220
00:20:37,148 --> 00:20:41,132
Ten days later they joined him
forces from Karelia.
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00:20:42,318 --> 00:20:47,247
Armed by the Germans
and supported by a German division,
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00:20:47,495 --> 00:20:49,510
the Finns were pushed back.
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00:20:53,104 --> 00:20:57,137
One day after the front moved
from Karelia...
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00:21:01,099 --> 00:21:04,234
...it went off
the Bagration operation.
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00:21:04,967 --> 00:21:07,738
During the operation in Belarus,
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00:21:07,938 --> 00:21:13,309
I knew something was going to happen
because we had received guns.
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00:21:15,333 --> 00:21:20,737
They came in my platoon
16 soldiers, we were 28 in total.
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00:21:20,937 --> 00:21:25,918
These reinforcements have arrived
from the Central Asian republics.
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00:21:26,710 --> 00:21:28,518
It was June 22,
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00:21:28,757 --> 00:21:32,853
it was three years since the invasion
Russia by the Germans.
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00:21:33,212 --> 00:21:38,841
The Soviets had lined up 300 guns
per kilometer, on the 560 km front,
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00:21:39,084 --> 00:21:42,608
from Smolensk to Minsk,
in Belarus.
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00:21:45,503 --> 00:21:48,518
The Soviets began the offensive
on 11 fronts
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00:21:48,746 --> 00:21:53,307
and they advanced without meeting
resistance for ten weeks.
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00:21:56,163 --> 00:21:58,362
1st Baltic Front,
General Bagramian,
236
00:21:58,606 --> 00:22:00,948
and the 3rd Belorussian Front,
Cherniakovsky,
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00:22:01,264 --> 00:22:04,205
they launched the Vitebsk-Orsha offensive.
238
00:22:06,019 --> 00:22:12,026
Then we crossed Belarus
and I advanced with difficulty through the swamps.
239
00:22:12,230 --> 00:22:14,176
The road went through the forest.
240
00:22:15,219 --> 00:22:20,132
Our advantage was the fact
that we had tanks with wide tracks.
241
00:22:20,332 --> 00:22:24,187
That helped us a lot.
It was our advantage.
242
00:22:24,387 --> 00:22:34,045
They could climb easily
steep slopes of 30 degrees.
243
00:22:37,605 --> 00:22:39,660
On June 27 they captured Vitebsk
244
00:22:39,925 --> 00:22:44,641
and they completely destroyed
The 3rd Panzer Army of the Germans.
245
00:22:47,615 --> 00:22:52,043
On June 24, he joined them
Rokosovski's 1st Belorussian Front.
246
00:22:52,428 --> 00:22:56,926
He would go all the way to Minsk,
where he met Cherniakovsky.
247
00:23:06,788 --> 00:23:08,953
2nd Belorussian Front,
General Zakharov,
248
00:23:09,219 --> 00:23:13,219
crossed the Dnieper River,
heading for Minsk.
249
00:23:15,340 --> 00:23:20,045
The next day, the 3rd Belorussian Front
crossed the river Berezina.
250
00:23:22,096 --> 00:23:26,405
The 37 divisions of the Group of
The Central Armies were destroyed...
251
00:23:30,908 --> 00:23:34,827
...of 166 Soviet divisions...
252
00:23:36,047 --> 00:23:43,044
...supported by 2,700 tanks
and 1,300 assault guns.
253
00:23:45,912 --> 00:23:54,029
In two weeks, operation Bagration
advanced 160 km on a front of 400 km.
254
00:23:54,783 --> 00:23:59,576
Seven of the Group's generals
of the Central Armies were killed in battle.
255
00:24:01,516 --> 00:24:05,718
I was fighting in a unit as a machine gunner...
256
00:24:07,995 --> 00:24:15,819
The Germans retreated very quickly
and allowed us to move forward quickly.
257
00:24:17,764 --> 00:24:21,499
2nd Belarusian front, offensive
Moghilev, continued the advance,
258
00:24:21,699 --> 00:24:26,479
driving the Germans to the Berezina,
where they were trapped.
259
00:24:27,655 --> 00:24:32,537
They pushed them over the Berezina
and they maintained their positions...
260
00:24:32,737 --> 00:24:35,938
There were hard fights,
but the soldiers were lucky.
261
00:24:38,125 --> 00:24:43,945
I maintained the positions and helped them
and others to cross the river.
262
00:24:44,547 --> 00:24:47,422
Then I started the attack…
263
00:24:47,867 --> 00:24:52,693
For that battle I was decorated
with the Order of Glory, 3rd class.
264
00:25:01,197 --> 00:25:04,281
The third part of the initial offensive,
Bobruisk offensive,
265
00:25:04,499 --> 00:25:09,041
attack the German 9th Army, the flank
southern of Army Group Centre.
266
00:25:11,540 --> 00:25:16,181
Rokosovski's army succeeded
to cross the Pripet marsh
267
00:25:16,450 --> 00:25:20,459
with the help of wooden walkways
built by his servants.
268
00:25:21,573 --> 00:25:26,251
On June 27, surrounded two corps of
German army east of Brobuisk,
269
00:25:26,499 --> 00:25:29,637
the city being liberated on June 29.
270
00:25:30,822 --> 00:25:34,287
During the operation, the Germans
they recorded losses in the east
271
00:25:34,521 --> 00:25:38,735
four times higher than in the west.
272
00:25:40,413 --> 00:25:45,297
90% of Germans killed in battle
they died on the eastern front.
273
00:25:45,597 --> 00:25:50,274
More died
between July 1944 and May 1945
274
00:25:50,548 --> 00:25:53,841
than in the previous five years.
275
00:25:59,842 --> 00:26:02,434
The Minsk offensive continued to advance.
276
00:26:04,784 --> 00:26:08,316
The 5th Panzer Division was dispatched
to open access roads to the city,
277
00:26:08,516 --> 00:26:14,677
but, on July 3rd, the 2nd Tank Corps
of the Red Army arrived in the city.
278
00:26:20,129 --> 00:26:22,539
Until the evening of the 4th of July,
the city was conquered.
279
00:26:22,818 --> 00:26:26,924
Of the 105,000 soldiers
40,000 had died in the city,
280
00:26:27,181 --> 00:26:30,420
and the Center Army Group
had been destroyed.
281
00:26:30,699 --> 00:26:37,295
In less than two weeks,
The Wehrmacht had lost 25 divisions.
282
00:26:38,907 --> 00:26:42,708
The way was open
to Poland and Lithuania.
283
00:26:45,593 --> 00:26:51,638
Our army marched rapidly
to surround the city of Minsk.
284
00:26:52,556 --> 00:26:57,312
I was going to Borisov
through forests and swamps.
285
00:26:57,512 --> 00:27:03,332
We passed Naroci lake
to reach the border with Lithuania.
286
00:27:03,532 --> 00:27:06,662
I was walking 70 km a day.
287
00:27:08,463 --> 00:27:12,579
During that period I traveled
more than 400 km.
288
00:27:15,647 --> 00:27:19,006
Until July 11,
Germany had lost 28 divisions,
289
00:27:19,228 --> 00:27:22,034
more than 30 generals
had been killed or captured,
290
00:27:22,234 --> 00:27:26,587
and the Red Army had advanced 650 km.
291
00:27:27,424 --> 00:27:31,365
Rokosovski's troops have arrived
at Bug, the original border of Poland.
292
00:27:31,619 --> 00:27:37,577
On July 25, they reached the eastern shore
of the Vistula, then they took it to Warsaw.
293
00:27:40,272 --> 00:27:44,702
On August 1, the Polish resistance
from Warsaw rose up,
294
00:27:44,913 --> 00:27:50,295
to support the Russians
and drive the Germans out of the city.
295
00:27:51,787 --> 00:27:54,790
But the Russians did not arrive.
296
00:27:57,093 --> 00:28:00,050
They ignored the Polish uprising.
297
00:28:00,532 --> 00:28:03,437
Without Soviet approval
or the Americans,
298
00:28:03,688 --> 00:28:07,870
Churchill sent them supplies
by air more than 200 times.
299
00:28:08,289 --> 00:28:12,025
Hitler ordered Himmler
to deal with the Poles.
300
00:28:12,325 --> 00:28:17,741
Over 200,000 were killed
of inhabitants and 10,000 partisans.
301
00:28:18,692 --> 00:28:21,372
On August 20,
Russian troops entered Romania,
302
00:28:21,572 --> 00:28:26,461
where King Mihai had ordered the arrest
to Prime Minister Ion Antonescu, a Nazi sympathizer.
303
00:28:26,761 --> 00:28:29,900
Later, he was executed.
304
00:28:31,915 --> 00:28:35,414
From the images one would say that the Romanians
they were always on the side of the Allies
305
00:28:35,615 --> 00:28:38,414
and that now
they celebrate their release.
306
00:28:38,766 --> 00:28:40,898
We cannot condemn the people of Bucharest
307
00:28:41,101 --> 00:28:45,558
that they are happy to see
that the Russians got rid of the Germans.
308
00:28:54,758 --> 00:28:57,259
After the humiliation endured at Stalingrad,
309
00:28:57,502 --> 00:29:00,916
the Germans captured in Minsk were
forced to pass through Moscow.
310
00:29:01,216 --> 00:29:07,302
In rows of 20 people,
briskly, the parade lasted 90 minutes.
311
00:29:12,002 --> 00:29:13,990
After the passing of the Germans,
312
00:29:14,190 --> 00:29:18,202
the streets were disinfected
ostentatiously.
313
00:29:26,205 --> 00:29:31,180
Operation Bagration has reached its peak
with the withdrawal of the Allies from Normandy.
314
00:29:31,437 --> 00:29:34,376
On D-Day they had disembarked
180,000 soldiers.
315
00:29:34,577 --> 00:29:42,069
It had been a successful landing operation,
but only the beginning of an invasion.
316
00:29:46,113 --> 00:29:52,163
At the end of the first day, the Allies
they had failed to reach their targets.
317
00:29:57,963 --> 00:30:03,919
In the first weeks, the biggest
the city of Caen gave them problems.
318
00:30:05,919 --> 00:30:09,743
The Allies had planned to conquer it
until the evening of June 6.
319
00:30:10,235 --> 00:30:12,557
They succeeded only after six weeks.
320
00:30:12,757 --> 00:30:17,625
They kept looking for culprits,
but there can be no doubt
321
00:30:17,925 --> 00:30:24,190
that the hardest in the delay
weighed the audacious defense.
322
00:30:26,290 --> 00:30:31,156
The 3rd Canadian Division stormed Caen
the day after landing, on June 7
323
00:30:31,456 --> 00:30:33,773
and was rejected
by a German division,
324
00:30:33,998 --> 00:30:38,253
which launched numerous
fanatical counterattacks.
325
00:30:42,753 --> 00:30:49,277
For the German defenders of the city
it was the first day of battle.
326
00:30:54,477 --> 00:30:58,506
The 20,000 soldiers
they were no longer at the front.
327
00:30:59,606 --> 00:31:04,625
It's about the 12th SS Panzer Division
Hitlerjugend.
328
00:31:05,925 --> 00:31:08,282
"The Hitler Youth".
329
00:31:11,288 --> 00:31:15,063
When Hitler came to power,
these soldiers were seven years old.
330
00:31:15,289 --> 00:31:17,858
They were the product
an education system
331
00:31:18,058 --> 00:31:23,423
which had been from the very beginning
a priority for the Third Reich.
332
00:31:26,636 --> 00:31:30,058
Baldur von Schirach,
commander of the Hitler Youth,
333
00:31:30,275 --> 00:31:35,902
he wrote special prayers which
the young soldiers recited them with pathos.
334
00:31:38,902 --> 00:31:43,497
"Adolf Hitler,
you are our great führer."
335
00:31:44,297 --> 00:31:49,739
"Your name strikes terror into enemies,
your will is law on earth."
336
00:31:51,237 --> 00:31:56,233
"Through your everyday voice,
lead us under your command."
337
00:31:57,048 --> 00:32:01,348
"We will obey until the end
and we will pay even with our lives."
338
00:32:01,548 --> 00:32:05,186
"Glory to you! Heil Hitler!"
339
00:32:08,886 --> 00:32:12,686
By the end of the campaign,
The Hitler Youth recorded
340
00:32:12,886 --> 00:32:15,886
losses of 42% of the effective.
341
00:32:19,886 --> 00:32:24,386
The strength of the defense was only one
among the reasons for the delay in the conquest of Caen.
342
00:32:24,786 --> 00:32:27,986
Another was the relief of the area,
the so-called bocage.
343
00:32:29,386 --> 00:32:33,886
They were bordered country roads
of trees and tall bushes.
344
00:32:34,186 --> 00:32:37,886
Despite detailed plans
of Operation Overlord,
345
00:32:38,186 --> 00:32:41,686
rough terrain was omitted
by everyone.
346
00:32:44,186 --> 00:32:50,386
The Allies, however, were constantly gaining
superiority in troops and weaponry.
347
00:32:52,586 --> 00:32:56,186
Omaha and Utah Beach sectors
joined on June 12,
348
00:32:56,486 --> 00:33:00,886
and the Americans started
to cross the Cotentin peninsula.
349
00:33:04,986 --> 00:33:08,086
General Friedrich Dollman,
commander of the 7th Army,
350
00:33:08,286 --> 00:33:10,886
who faced the brunt of the invasion,
351
00:33:12,386 --> 00:33:18,986
said that his troops in the Cotentin
they were overworked.
352
00:33:22,086 --> 00:33:25,786
On June 18, the US 7th Army
arrived at Barneville,
353
00:33:26,086 --> 00:33:28,286
after having traversed the entire peninsula.
354
00:33:30,886 --> 00:33:36,586
The next main objective
it was the capture of the port of Cherbourg.
355
00:33:41,186 --> 00:33:46,686
It was conquered by the Americans
on June 27, after a sustained assault.
356
00:33:51,386 --> 00:33:54,686
But the shipyard had been destroyed
357
00:33:54,986 --> 00:33:59,686
and the port could be used
only after a few weeks.
358
00:34:06,386 --> 00:34:09,886
2nd Panzer SS Army,
recently arrived at the front,
359
00:34:10,086 --> 00:34:14,186
repulsed another attack
of the British at Caen.
360
00:34:16,086 --> 00:34:20,486
In the main battle, one of the
the great tank battles of Normandy,
361
00:34:20,786 --> 00:34:23,286
I was sitting on the tank.
362
00:34:23,786 --> 00:34:26,486
Above the head
a shell exploded at me
363
00:34:26,986 --> 00:34:29,886
and a shrapnel fell
between my legs
364
00:34:30,086 --> 00:34:33,286
and killed the servant
located in the turret.
365
00:34:34,286 --> 00:34:38,286
I was only 6 inches away from being killed.
366
00:34:42,686 --> 00:34:46,486
The American 1st Army has begun
to advance towards Saint-Lô
367
00:34:46,686 --> 00:34:50,986
at the beginning of July,
when Hitler gave his last speech.
368
00:34:51,286 --> 00:34:54,686
Albert Speer commented
that it had not caused much applause.
369
00:34:54,986 --> 00:34:58,686
The Germans didn't have many tanks,
370
00:34:58,886 --> 00:35:01,186
but they were much better
than ours
371
00:35:01,386 --> 00:35:03,586
especially Panther and Tiger.
372
00:35:03,886 --> 00:35:06,886
fortunately,
they didn't have too many Tiger tanks.
373
00:35:08,086 --> 00:35:09,886
They were impenetrable.
374
00:35:10,430 --> 00:35:15,530
If a Tiger was coming, he had to
to bypass it, you could not destroy it.
375
00:35:16,730 --> 00:35:23,030
It was a very tough battle
and we lost all the tanks.
376
00:35:23,730 --> 00:35:28,430
If you were a commander and you were fine
destroyed the tank, you switched to another.
377
00:35:28,730 --> 00:35:31,830
I changed the tank about three times.
378
00:35:34,430 --> 00:35:38,030
Maybe that's why they thought
that I deserve to be decorated.
379
00:35:49,230 --> 00:35:52,030
British aviation bombed Caen
with much zeal,
380
00:35:52,230 --> 00:35:57,030
operation Charnwood advanced,
but the city was not conquered.
381
00:35:59,430 --> 00:36:02,730
Montgomery ordered the troops
to move east of Caen,
382
00:36:02,930 --> 00:36:05,830
to lower the pressure
on General Bradley's troops.
383
00:36:06,130 --> 00:36:10,930
After other massive bombings,
the Canadians eventually captured Caen.
384
00:36:16,630 --> 00:36:20,530
At the same time,
the Americans had reached Saint-Lô.
385
00:36:23,730 --> 00:36:29,130
The fight is moving south and we can give it justice
to General Montgomery, who said:
386
00:36:30,780 --> 00:36:34,280
I want to pass on my congratulations
allied soldiers from Normandy.
387
00:36:34,580 --> 00:36:38,680
You did it!
388
00:36:42,580 --> 00:36:46,380
The Allies now had balanced forces,
who acted in concert.
389
00:36:46,680 --> 00:36:50,280
They set out to the east,
to break the front.
390
00:36:52,380 --> 00:36:59,480
1,450,000 had landed in Normandy
of soldiers and over 4,000 tanks.
391
00:37:01,680 --> 00:37:05,680
On July 25, it was triggered
operation Cobra.
392
00:37:05,980 --> 00:37:08,580
Operation Charnwood had progressed
south of the beaches.
393
00:37:08,880 --> 00:37:11,680
Operation Cobra,
with the US 7th Army in the lead,
394
00:37:11,980 --> 00:37:14,080
broke through the German lines.
395
00:37:14,980 --> 00:37:17,780
At the end of July,
they conquered the city of Avranches.
396
00:37:17,980 --> 00:37:22,080
Operations Bluecoat and Cobra
they advanced towards Vire
397
00:37:22,280 --> 00:37:24,580
and strengthened the front line.
398
00:37:26,480 --> 00:37:30,980
"I broke the German lines",
said General Leland Hobbs,
399
00:37:31,180 --> 00:37:34,080
the commander of the 30th Infantry Division
american.
400
00:37:34,380 --> 00:37:37,480
At the end of July,
they had not yet reached their goal,
401
00:37:37,780 --> 00:37:40,780
but the Germans were dominated everywhere.
402
00:37:41,380 --> 00:37:46,480
By the end of July,
the Germans had lost 113,000 soldiers
403
00:37:46,780 --> 00:37:50,180
and 2,117 tanks.
404
00:37:50,580 --> 00:37:56,380
They were sent in their place
10,000 soldiers and 17 tanks.
405
00:37:56,780 --> 00:38:00,780
At the end of August, the Allies
have made major progress.
406
00:38:01,080 --> 00:38:03,680
The invasion force is out
from Normandy
407
00:38:03,980 --> 00:38:07,080
and the liberation of France began.
408
00:38:09,980 --> 00:38:14,380
In August 1944,
I was with General Patton.
409
00:38:15,380 --> 00:38:17,580
I wore neck ties.
410
00:38:18,180 --> 00:38:21,380
I said that if we were to die,
to be presentable.
411
00:38:24,480 --> 00:38:28,280
Patton's 3rd Army entered
into battle in early August.
412
00:38:29,380 --> 00:38:32,980
The offensive began in Brittany,
advancing on four fronts:
413
00:38:33,280 --> 00:38:37,680
to the important naval base
from Brest, towards the port of Lorient,
414
00:38:37,980 --> 00:38:42,680
towards the city of Rennes
and to the south, towards the Loire and Nantes.
415
00:38:47,980 --> 00:38:52,380
We were advancing on the coast of Brittany
and we liberated the towns one after another.
416
00:38:53,880 --> 00:38:59,880
In one city, an individual was shooting at us
from the church bell tower.
417
00:39:01,780 --> 00:39:04,980
I fired at him with the .50 caliber machine gun.
418
00:39:06,180 --> 00:39:09,780
I didn't knock him down, of course.
419
00:39:10,780 --> 00:39:14,180
So I jumped in a jeep.
420
00:39:16,280 --> 00:39:21,480
That was the scariest
experience I went through.
421
00:39:23,580 --> 00:39:29,380
By July 6 they had arrived at Lorient,
designated by Hitler as a "fortress".
422
00:39:29,680 --> 00:39:32,580
He resisted
until the end of the war.
423
00:39:36,980 --> 00:39:41,780
On July 7, Dwight D. Eisenhower, "Ike,"
supreme commander of the Allies,
424
00:39:42,080 --> 00:39:45,580
established his command
in Normandy.
425
00:39:47,480 --> 00:39:51,480
On August 25, Patton's Third Army
he had reached less than 100 km
426
00:39:51,680 --> 00:39:53,680
by the border of Germany.
427
00:39:54,880 --> 00:40:02,080
However, nine more months would pass
of intense fighting on the western and eastern fronts,
428
00:40:03,180 --> 00:40:07,380
before the Third Reich
to be destroyed.
429
00:40:15,780 --> 00:40:20,080
On August 8,
the Germans launched a counterattack,
430
00:40:20,380 --> 00:40:24,880
managing to break the front and give
birth of the "Falaise bags".
431
00:40:27,780 --> 00:40:29,280
On the night of July 7 to 8,
432
00:40:29,480 --> 00:40:33,480
The 1st Canadian Army opened fire
the Totalise operation.
433
00:40:34,580 --> 00:40:39,880
They wanted to close the Falaise bag
and isolate the German 7th Army.
434
00:40:46,480 --> 00:40:48,980
When I was in the bag at Falaise,
435
00:40:49,180 --> 00:40:53,080
we just wanted to escape
from there and let's continue the fight.
436
00:40:58,080 --> 00:41:01,180
We wanted to emerge victorious,
let's not lose the war.
437
00:41:10,380 --> 00:41:12,580
We were well trained
438
00:41:12,780 --> 00:41:17,580
and I believed with all my might
in what I was doing.
439
00:41:19,780 --> 00:41:21,780
And I wasn't the only one.
440
00:41:21,980 --> 00:41:26,380
We were convinced that it would have been terrible
to lose the war.
441
00:41:28,480 --> 00:41:35,480
Fierce resistance included
12 SS Panzer Division of the Hitler Youth.
442
00:41:39,580 --> 00:41:44,280
Falaise was only conquered on the 16th,
one day after operation Dragoon,
443
00:41:44,580 --> 00:41:47,880
the landing of the Allies
in the south of France.
444
00:41:49,880 --> 00:41:53,680
On July 18 we began to retreat
445
00:41:53,880 --> 00:41:57,280
and I entered the "bag of Falaise".
446
00:41:59,880 --> 00:42:04,580
On August 19 at 06:00,
the bag was sealed
447
00:42:04,780 --> 00:42:11,380
and I realized that in front of us
they were people, I think they were Poles.
448
00:42:11,580 --> 00:42:13,780
We were stuck there for three days.
449
00:42:13,980 --> 00:42:20,080
I will never forget those moments.
It was terrible.
450
00:42:21,880 --> 00:42:24,980
We were bombarded day and night.
451
00:42:29,380 --> 00:42:36,080
During the day we were bombarded by planes
and cannons, it was terrible.
452
00:42:36,280 --> 00:42:40,080
We were attacked
and with flamethrowers.
453
00:42:42,980 --> 00:42:47,980
Thanks to the bravery of the 12th SS Panzer Division
in keeping the bag open,
454
00:42:49,280 --> 00:42:55,780
they managed to retreat
300,000 soldiers and 25,000 vehicles.
455
00:42:56,980 --> 00:43:03,380
Hitler said August 18 was
"the hardest day of my life".
456
00:43:08,680 --> 00:43:12,580
On August 19,
French Interior Forces,
457
00:43:13,280 --> 00:43:17,680
an alliance of resistance groups,
they began the offensive in Paris.
458
00:43:19,280 --> 00:43:22,180
American 79th Division
crossed the Seine,
459
00:43:24,580 --> 00:43:28,780
and the Polish and American troops
they met on the summit of Ormel.
460
00:43:30,780 --> 00:43:35,080
On August 21, the Falaise bag
it was eventually closed.
461
00:43:39,280 --> 00:43:42,380
Prisoners were taken
50,000 Germans.
462
00:43:46,080 --> 00:43:50,680
In the "Falaise bag" they lay
on the field 10,000 corpses.
463
00:43:51,680 --> 00:43:54,580
There were corpses as far as the eye could see.
464
00:43:56,280 --> 00:44:00,480
To be honest,
sometimes I stepped on corpses.
465
00:44:07,280 --> 00:44:15,480
I was rummaging through my pockets
dead soldiers for cigarettes and food.
466
00:44:15,680 --> 00:44:18,080
We hadn't eaten in weeks.
467
00:44:21,680 --> 00:44:27,880
Around 10:00-10:30,
the Canadians caught me.
468
00:44:28,080 --> 00:44:32,180
There were soldiers in front of me
who spoke German.
469
00:44:41,780 --> 00:44:43,980
They had a Berlin accent.
470
00:44:46,480 --> 00:44:51,780
In 1934, my parents emigrated
in Canada,
471
00:44:51,980 --> 00:44:54,480
because they were against it
Hitler's policy.
472
00:44:55,280 --> 00:44:57,780
That's why they left.
473
00:44:57,980 --> 00:45:01,480
The soldier said to me:
"Now I'm in front of you."
474
00:45:01,680 --> 00:45:04,180
"Shut up and get her out of here!"
475
00:45:08,480 --> 00:45:10,880
The Allies crossed the Seine
on the way east.
476
00:45:11,180 --> 00:45:14,980
Hitler ordered the general
Dietrich von Choltitz, governor of Paris,
477
00:45:15,280 --> 00:45:18,180
to raze the city from its foundations.
478
00:45:20,480 --> 00:45:24,180
Hitler said: "The city must not
to fall into the hands of the enemy"
479
00:45:24,480 --> 00:45:27,780
"than as a pile of rubble".
480
00:45:30,780 --> 00:45:34,580
Von Choltitz, appointed governor
just two weeks before
481
00:45:34,980 --> 00:45:38,180
he preferred to negotiate
a truce with the French,
482
00:45:38,380 --> 00:45:42,080
numerically superior to his garrison
of 17,000 soldiers.
483
00:45:45,380 --> 00:45:49,880
On August 23,
von Choltitz capitulated.
484
00:45:53,080 --> 00:45:58,280
On August 25, Charles de Gaulle
was triumphantly passing down the Champs-Élysées.
485
00:46:01,280 --> 00:46:04,080
Flags waved, the crowd cheered.
486
00:46:05,180 --> 00:46:07,680
Although a few women had been
head shave,
487
00:46:07,880 --> 00:46:11,380
it seemed that no one had fought
in the paramilitary militia,
488
00:46:12,080 --> 00:46:15,880
Milice française, which had killed
many resistance fighters
489
00:46:16,180 --> 00:46:19,180
and had deported the French Jews.
490
00:46:20,980 --> 00:46:23,980
There is no collaborator foot.
491
00:46:28,280 --> 00:46:32,480
In September, when the first Allies
were entering Germany,
492
00:46:33,280 --> 00:46:38,980
Churchill and Roosevelt, gravely ill,
they met again in Québec.
493
00:46:40,780 --> 00:46:46,280
The prime minister's wife officially announced
what is the purpose of the meeting.
494
00:46:47,180 --> 00:46:49,780
The British have passed
through hard trials.
495
00:46:50,280 --> 00:46:53,380
Now it's obvious that I'm going out to port.
496
00:46:55,080 --> 00:46:59,180
Although they are proud of the great victories
registered in Europe,
497
00:46:59,880 --> 00:47:03,480
they will never forget
that they have something to share with Japan.
498
00:47:04,980 --> 00:47:08,380
This is the purpose of the conference
from Québec.
499
00:47:10,480 --> 00:47:14,380
From Quebec, Churchill left
to Moscow, to talk with Stalin.
500
00:47:14,680 --> 00:47:20,580
He and Roosevelt wanted to ask that,
after the defeat of Hitler,
501
00:47:20,880 --> 00:47:24,180
Let the Red Army return
against Japan.
502
00:47:27,180 --> 00:47:29,280
Stalin agreed to attack Japan
503
00:47:29,480 --> 00:47:31,980
every two weeks
after the victory in Europe.
504
00:47:32,180 --> 00:47:34,180
In a moment of notoriety,
505
00:47:34,380 --> 00:47:39,080
Churchill wanted to placate the dictator
and lay the foundations of the post-war world,
506
00:47:39,380 --> 00:47:43,180
and drew up a "naughty document",
as he told her
507
00:47:43,480 --> 00:47:47,880
which proposed the percentage distribution
of spheres of influence in Europe.
508
00:47:48,880 --> 00:47:51,180
Churchill gave the ticket to Stalin
509
00:47:51,480 --> 00:47:55,480
and, after brief deliberations,
it was signed by both of them.
510
00:48:05,280 --> 00:48:09,080
The war seemed to be on its way
vertiginous towards the end.
511
00:48:10,480 --> 00:48:12,980
Germany was threatened
from east and west,
512
00:48:13,180 --> 00:48:19,480
and Japan, for the first time
in its history, it was to be invaded.
513
00:48:20,880 --> 00:48:26,280
But before the capitulation that
we will introduce her in the next episode…
514
00:48:29,780 --> 00:48:34,780
...there would be many more fights
bloody between east and west.
515
00:48:37,280 --> 00:48:42,280
Root: Viasat History
Trans-syncro: vonRichthofen
Subs.ro Team @ www.subs.ro