1 00:00:14,492 --> 00:00:15,842 Previously on "The Men Who Built America: Frontiersmen.." 2 00:00:23,110 --> 00:00:26,900 Brave pioneers like Daniel Boone 3 00:00:26,939 --> 00:00:28,939 blazed a trail into the wilderness.. 4 00:00:31,683 --> 00:00:34,083 ...moving west to fulfill a dream. 5 00:00:40,301 --> 00:00:42,651 They fought to forge a new nation.. 6 00:00:44,740 --> 00:00:46,830 ...the United States of America. 7 00:00:49,223 --> 00:00:52,923 Now, the young country 8 00:00:52,965 --> 00:00:55,615 must hold its ground to survive. 9 00:01:06,196 --> 00:01:11,766 Whoa-oa-oa whoa-oa-oa 10 00:02:08,389 --> 00:02:11,169 The American Revolution has been over for nine years.. 11 00:02:14,264 --> 00:02:17,404 ...but the frontier remains a war zone. 12 00:02:34,154 --> 00:02:36,204 Like other Native American leaders 13 00:02:36,243 --> 00:02:38,463 Shawnee war-chief, Tecumseh 14 00:02:38,506 --> 00:02:40,676 has watched thousands of pioneers 15 00:02:40,725 --> 00:02:42,595 surge into his homeland. 16 00:02:43,946 --> 00:02:46,036 And now he's fighting back. 17 00:02:49,647 --> 00:02:52,257 The Americans continued to push the frontier. 18 00:02:52,302 --> 00:02:54,442 The pressure was on the Indians 19 00:02:54,478 --> 00:02:56,788 to move and get out of the way. 20 00:02:56,828 --> 00:02:59,348 The frontiersmen were out there trying to scrape out 21 00:02:59,396 --> 00:03:02,136 a living trying to get rich, taking land. 22 00:03:02,182 --> 00:03:04,662 The Indians did what any person does 23 00:03:04,706 --> 00:03:06,966 to defend your homeland and your life. 24 00:03:57,498 --> 00:03:59,538 The Shawnee are one of over 20 tribes 25 00:03:59,587 --> 00:04:00,677 in the Ohio Territory.. 26 00:04:04,679 --> 00:04:06,589 ...part of the area surrendered by the British 27 00:04:06,637 --> 00:04:08,337 in the Treaty of Paris 28 00:04:08,378 --> 00:04:11,158 which ended the American Revolution. 29 00:04:11,207 --> 00:04:12,897 But it's land that Native Americans 30 00:04:12,948 --> 00:04:15,908 have claimed for generations. 31 00:04:15,951 --> 00:04:17,521 The key provision of the Treaty of Paris 32 00:04:17,561 --> 00:04:20,351 is that the British have to leave the Midwest 33 00:04:20,390 --> 00:04:22,700 giving this huge territory 34 00:04:22,740 --> 00:04:26,050 over to the Americans. 35 00:04:26,091 --> 00:04:28,441 But you still have, of course, the Native American tribes 36 00:04:28,485 --> 00:04:30,525 who were not party to the treaty 37 00:04:30,574 --> 00:04:33,664 and who were not about to just accept all these Americans 38 00:04:33,708 --> 00:04:35,618 flooding over the Appalachian Mountains. 39 00:04:44,196 --> 00:04:47,586 Tecumseh spent his whole life fighting American expansion. 40 00:04:50,420 --> 00:04:53,340 He was raised by legendary Shawnee warrior 41 00:04:53,380 --> 00:04:56,860 Chief Blackfish, who died fighting as a British ally 42 00:04:56,905 --> 00:04:58,165 during the Revolution. 43 00:05:01,388 --> 00:05:04,738 Tecumseh's childhood was nothing short of traumatic. 44 00:05:09,744 --> 00:05:12,534 In the attacks by whites 45 00:05:12,573 --> 00:05:15,533 he lost his father and his infant brother 46 00:05:15,576 --> 00:05:17,396 at a very early age. 47 00:05:20,711 --> 00:05:22,711 He was constantly moving 48 00:05:22,757 --> 00:05:25,717 to try to avoid attack. 49 00:05:31,592 --> 00:05:35,732 At the age of ten, he was taken in to Blackfish's family 50 00:05:35,770 --> 00:05:37,770 and treated as a foster son. 51 00:05:43,168 --> 00:05:45,208 And then the loss of Blackfish 52 00:05:45,257 --> 00:05:47,427 was the loss of yet another father figure 53 00:05:47,477 --> 00:05:49,737 and yet another hero. 54 00:05:54,615 --> 00:05:57,875 Determined to force settlers out of Ohio 55 00:05:57,922 --> 00:06:01,362 Tecumseh joins warriors from over a dozen tribes 56 00:06:01,404 --> 00:06:03,544 in guerilla attacks along the frontier. 57 00:06:04,929 --> 00:06:06,579 Over the next year 58 00:06:06,627 --> 00:06:08,537 2500 Americans are killed. 59 00:06:11,719 --> 00:06:14,419 In one attack alone, Native American warriors 60 00:06:14,461 --> 00:06:17,071 wipe out 1000 local militiamen. 61 00:06:18,247 --> 00:06:20,287 Native people see 62 00:06:20,336 --> 00:06:24,596 the United States as weak, militarily. 63 00:06:24,645 --> 00:06:27,685 In native people's minds, they could defeat the Americans 64 00:06:27,735 --> 00:06:30,215 and take control of Ohio again. 65 00:06:32,261 --> 00:06:34,441 By 1793 66 00:06:34,481 --> 00:06:37,921 the flow of settlers grinds to a halt 67 00:06:37,962 --> 00:06:40,662 creating a crisis in the nation's capital. 68 00:06:51,933 --> 00:06:55,813 President George Washington is starting his second term 69 00:06:55,850 --> 00:06:59,200 and the government owes over 75 million dollars 70 00:06:59,244 --> 00:07:01,944 to France, Spain and the Netherlands.. 71 00:07:01,986 --> 00:07:05,896 ...nations that helped finance the Revolutionary War. 72 00:07:05,947 --> 00:07:07,857 Washington's plan to pay it off 73 00:07:07,905 --> 00:07:12,035 hinges on settlers buying frontier land. 74 00:07:12,083 --> 00:07:14,783 Each acre costs one dollar 75 00:07:14,825 --> 00:07:15,995 and the government has 76 00:07:16,044 --> 00:07:20,744 a 160 million acres to sell. 77 00:07:20,788 --> 00:07:23,658 The only hope to get out of these massive debts 78 00:07:23,704 --> 00:07:26,974 is to sell those lands in the west. 79 00:07:27,011 --> 00:07:30,321 But, the Native American people there, uh, were not about 80 00:07:30,362 --> 00:07:32,892 to accept all these Americans flooding over the Appalachians. 81 00:07:32,930 --> 00:07:35,500 And they attack. 82 00:07:35,542 --> 00:07:37,982 Well, this now starts to inhibit 83 00:07:38,022 --> 00:07:40,242 the sale of all these lands 84 00:07:40,285 --> 00:07:41,675 that the federal government is counting on 85 00:07:41,722 --> 00:07:43,592 to balance their budget. 86 00:07:47,945 --> 00:07:50,905 Four years earlier, Washington commissioned 87 00:07:50,948 --> 00:07:53,258 the nation's first professional army. 88 00:07:55,649 --> 00:07:59,439 Now he sends over 2000 troops to the Ohio Territory 89 00:07:59,479 --> 00:08:02,049 to crush Native American resistance 90 00:08:02,090 --> 00:08:05,570 and reopen the frontier to land sales. 91 00:08:05,615 --> 00:08:09,485 Washington recognizes that the bloodshed has to stop. 92 00:08:09,532 --> 00:08:11,492 It compels Washington to send troops 93 00:08:11,534 --> 00:08:13,804 to provide a barrier of protection 94 00:08:13,841 --> 00:08:15,761 for American settlers in the region 95 00:08:15,799 --> 00:08:17,849 and, in some sense, to encourage people 96 00:08:17,888 --> 00:08:19,848 to continue to move out into the frontier 97 00:08:19,890 --> 00:08:21,630 which everyone understood at that point 98 00:08:21,675 --> 00:08:23,455 would be the future of the United States. 99 00:08:33,600 --> 00:08:35,170 Among the army's officers 100 00:08:35,210 --> 00:08:37,470 is a man who will one day be president.. 101 00:08:39,344 --> 00:08:42,264 ...William Henry Harrison. 102 00:08:42,304 --> 00:08:46,054 William Henry Harrison was a very ambitious man. 103 00:08:46,090 --> 00:08:50,230 And he saw the west as a stepping stone 104 00:08:50,268 --> 00:08:53,788 to reach national stature and leadership. 105 00:08:58,015 --> 00:09:01,105 One of Harrison's officers is a young lieutenant 106 00:09:01,149 --> 00:09:03,759 who in just 12 years will help lead one of 107 00:09:03,804 --> 00:09:06,724 the greatest expeditions in American history. 108 00:09:08,417 --> 00:09:11,287 His name is William Clark. 109 00:09:11,333 --> 00:09:14,683 His brother fought with Daniel Boone in the revolution 110 00:09:14,728 --> 00:09:16,638 and now he's determined 111 00:09:16,686 --> 00:09:20,256 to make a name for himself. 112 00:09:20,298 --> 00:09:21,998 William Clark was the younger brother 113 00:09:22,039 --> 00:09:24,959 of a very famous man, George Rogers Clark. 114 00:09:24,999 --> 00:09:28,179 George Rogers Clark had played this really important role 115 00:09:28,219 --> 00:09:31,529 in America's successful Revolutionary War in the west. 116 00:09:31,571 --> 00:09:34,401 All of his life, William had been comparing himself 117 00:09:34,443 --> 00:09:36,453 to his older and famous brother. 118 00:09:36,488 --> 00:09:39,138 He wanted to prove his own worth. 119 00:09:42,930 --> 00:09:45,370 The army's mission is clear. 120 00:09:45,410 --> 00:09:47,590 Eradicate the Native American threat. 121 00:09:58,859 --> 00:10:02,299 But the resistance has grown to 1500 warriors 122 00:10:02,340 --> 00:10:05,470 from dozens of tribes.. 123 00:10:05,517 --> 00:10:08,037 ...including Tecumseh's Shawnee. 124 00:10:10,174 --> 00:10:11,654 And they've been secretly tracking 125 00:10:11,698 --> 00:10:13,438 the army through Ohio. 126 00:10:36,940 --> 00:10:38,290 Return fire! 127 00:11:02,009 --> 00:11:05,529 Fall back! 128 00:11:42,702 --> 00:11:45,572 On the northwestern edge of modern-day Ohio.. 129 00:11:47,445 --> 00:11:49,315 ...William Henry Harrison 130 00:11:49,360 --> 00:11:52,360 and the US Army brigade sent by George Washington 131 00:11:52,407 --> 00:11:54,317 to secure the frontier 132 00:11:54,365 --> 00:11:56,625 are under a surprise attack 133 00:11:56,672 --> 00:11:59,542 by native warriors, including Tecumseh. 134 00:12:02,373 --> 00:12:03,683 Fall back! 135 00:12:05,376 --> 00:12:06,636 Fall back! 136 00:12:20,087 --> 00:12:21,737 Lieutenant William Clark 137 00:12:21,784 --> 00:12:24,614 regroups his men for a counter strike. 138 00:12:25,745 --> 00:12:26,955 Fix bayonets. 139 00:12:30,010 --> 00:12:31,140 'On my command.' 140 00:12:38,975 --> 00:12:40,845 Charge! 141 00:12:56,471 --> 00:12:57,471 Fire! 142 00:13:04,653 --> 00:13:05,793 'Fire!' 143 00:13:10,528 --> 00:13:12,918 It's the largest US Army force 144 00:13:12,966 --> 00:13:16,746 Native Americans like Tecumseh have faced in battle. 145 00:13:16,796 --> 00:13:18,406 Fire! 146 00:13:18,449 --> 00:13:20,579 It turns into a bloodbath. 147 00:13:41,908 --> 00:13:44,558 Overwhelmed and outnumbered 148 00:13:44,606 --> 00:13:46,866 the Native Americans retreat. 149 00:13:46,913 --> 00:13:49,443 The battle was something of a turning point. 150 00:13:49,480 --> 00:13:53,350 The natives had a sense of hope. 151 00:13:53,397 --> 00:13:57,357 They believed that they were in a position of power 152 00:13:57,401 --> 00:14:00,361 in comparison to the US. 153 00:14:00,404 --> 00:14:04,504 And here they realize that is not the case. 154 00:14:04,539 --> 00:14:06,629 The conflict will become known 155 00:14:06,671 --> 00:14:09,281 as the Battle of Fallen Timbers. 156 00:14:09,326 --> 00:14:12,546 And it changes the balance of power on the frontier. 157 00:14:25,429 --> 00:14:27,909 Within a year.. 158 00:14:27,954 --> 00:14:31,704 ...at Fort Greenville in western Ohio.. 159 00:14:31,740 --> 00:14:34,920 ...the victorious Harrison finalizes a peace treaty 160 00:14:34,961 --> 00:14:36,481 with the Native American leaders. 161 00:14:45,754 --> 00:14:49,584 Convinced they can't defeat the powerful US Army 162 00:14:49,627 --> 00:14:52,107 over a dozen tribes surrender their lands 163 00:14:52,152 --> 00:14:53,982 in the Ohio Territory.. 164 00:14:56,460 --> 00:14:59,640 ...opening 25,000 square miles 165 00:14:59,681 --> 00:15:01,511 to peaceful settlement. 166 00:15:05,817 --> 00:15:08,687 But some tribes refuse to accept defeat. 167 00:15:13,434 --> 00:15:16,614 Tecumseh did not sign the Treaty of Greenville 168 00:15:16,654 --> 00:15:19,574 because this was the land, his home space 169 00:15:19,614 --> 00:15:21,014 that his people had always had 170 00:15:21,050 --> 00:15:23,180 that his, his father gave his life for 171 00:15:23,226 --> 00:15:25,006 that his older brother gave his life for. 172 00:15:29,232 --> 00:15:30,672 If he was going to sign with anything 173 00:15:30,712 --> 00:15:32,242 he was gonna sign with his own blood. 174 00:15:38,633 --> 00:15:41,163 Tecumseh retreats beyond the Ohio River.. 175 00:15:43,072 --> 00:15:45,122 ...to plan his next move. 176 00:15:51,951 --> 00:15:53,471 Over the next decade.. 177 00:15:55,128 --> 00:15:57,428 ...42,000 pioneers 178 00:15:57,478 --> 00:16:00,308 take advantage of the new-found peace 179 00:16:00,350 --> 00:16:04,620 streaming into modern-day Ohio and Indiana 180 00:16:04,659 --> 00:16:06,969 to carve out a new life on the frontier. 181 00:16:12,232 --> 00:16:14,632 The people that went to the frontier 182 00:16:14,669 --> 00:16:17,369 were people that wanted a new life. 183 00:16:17,411 --> 00:16:18,721 They wanted to make some money. 184 00:16:18,760 --> 00:16:21,370 They wanted to get land. 185 00:16:21,415 --> 00:16:24,415 One thing that characterizes this country 186 00:16:24,461 --> 00:16:28,941 is that we like the idea of charting our own destiny 187 00:16:28,988 --> 00:16:31,988 and that was the frontier for so many Americans. 188 00:16:41,174 --> 00:16:43,444 With the frontier seemingly at peace 189 00:16:43,480 --> 00:16:45,480 many Americans feel confident. 190 00:16:48,746 --> 00:16:50,356 But in Washington 191 00:16:50,400 --> 00:16:52,790 newly-elected president, Thomas Jefferson 192 00:16:52,837 --> 00:16:54,967 isn't convinced. 193 00:16:55,014 --> 00:16:56,894 He sees a young nation 194 00:16:56,928 --> 00:17:01,588 surrounded by powerful empires hungry for land. 195 00:17:01,629 --> 00:17:05,199 France to the south, Spain to the southwest 196 00:17:05,241 --> 00:17:08,381 and the biggest threat of all, Great Britain to the north. 197 00:17:11,639 --> 00:17:14,209 When the British acknowledged American independence 198 00:17:14,250 --> 00:17:16,210 they did so with an understanding 199 00:17:16,252 --> 00:17:18,862 that they still intended to be influential. 200 00:17:18,907 --> 00:17:20,467 And they still had designs 201 00:17:20,517 --> 00:17:22,127 on the western part of North America. 202 00:17:22,171 --> 00:17:24,221 And they were very suspicious 203 00:17:24,260 --> 00:17:27,700 of the emergence of the United States. 204 00:17:27,742 --> 00:17:29,142 Jefferson believes there's only 205 00:17:29,178 --> 00:17:30,878 one way to protect America. 206 00:17:32,747 --> 00:17:34,707 Expand. 207 00:17:34,749 --> 00:17:36,009 Jefferson has a vision 208 00:17:36,055 --> 00:17:37,705 for the future of America. 209 00:17:37,752 --> 00:17:39,622 And his idea is that 210 00:17:39,667 --> 00:17:44,187 in order for America to be a free and independent country 211 00:17:44,237 --> 00:17:46,587 it's gotta be a country of independent land owners. 212 00:17:48,458 --> 00:17:51,028 And in order for that to happen, it's gotta spread. 213 00:17:54,290 --> 00:17:57,990 When Jefferson looked west, he saw empty space. 214 00:17:58,033 --> 00:18:00,253 He saw a sort of blank slate. 215 00:18:00,296 --> 00:18:02,166 He didn't want to share America 216 00:18:02,211 --> 00:18:05,821 with old-world powers like France and Spain and Britain. 217 00:18:05,867 --> 00:18:08,127 So he wanted, effectively pave the way 218 00:18:08,174 --> 00:18:12,054 for America's control of the entire American continent 219 00:18:12,091 --> 00:18:13,571 between the Atlantic and the Pacific. 220 00:18:16,573 --> 00:18:18,103 To realize his vision 221 00:18:18,140 --> 00:18:20,100 Jefferson takes a huge risk. 222 00:18:22,231 --> 00:18:25,061 In the spring of 1803 223 00:18:25,104 --> 00:18:28,194 he secretly negotiates with Napoleon 224 00:18:28,237 --> 00:18:30,497 to buy the French port of New Orleans. 225 00:18:33,808 --> 00:18:37,158 Jefferson understood that whoever controlled New Orleans 226 00:18:37,203 --> 00:18:38,993 controlled the Mississippi Valley. 227 00:18:42,208 --> 00:18:44,468 To his surprise, the French government said 228 00:18:44,514 --> 00:18:46,264 "Why don't you take the rest of Louisiana?" 229 00:18:52,174 --> 00:18:55,094 Jefferson had not gone out looking for Louisiana. 230 00:18:55,134 --> 00:18:57,184 Napoleon essentially dropped it in Jefferson's lap. 231 00:19:02,532 --> 00:19:05,012 Known as the Louisiana Purchase 232 00:19:05,056 --> 00:19:08,666 this vast tract of land costs 15 million dollars. 233 00:19:10,236 --> 00:19:12,366 About 250 million today. 234 00:19:15,893 --> 00:19:18,723 It stretches from the Mississippi to the Rockies 235 00:19:18,766 --> 00:19:22,246 and from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada 236 00:19:22,291 --> 00:19:25,511 doubling America's size overnight. 237 00:19:25,555 --> 00:19:29,725 The Louisiana Purchase was the greatest real-estate deal 238 00:19:29,777 --> 00:19:32,387 in the history of the world, not just in American history. 239 00:19:34,608 --> 00:19:37,958 And Thomas Jefferson had the boldness 240 00:19:38,002 --> 00:19:41,272 to run quickly and make that deal. 241 00:19:44,966 --> 00:19:46,876 But not everyone sees the value 242 00:19:46,924 --> 00:19:49,714 of the Louisiana Purchase. 243 00:19:49,753 --> 00:19:52,763 Jefferson's enemies said, "The President is buying land 244 00:19:52,800 --> 00:19:56,370 that we don't require, with money that we don't have." 245 00:19:56,412 --> 00:19:58,592 But Jefferson realized two things 246 00:19:58,632 --> 00:20:00,592 a great bargain when he saw it 247 00:20:00,634 --> 00:20:04,254 and that this was probably the most important moment 248 00:20:04,290 --> 00:20:06,250 thus far in American history. 249 00:20:08,294 --> 00:20:09,564 The president has a plan 250 00:20:09,599 --> 00:20:11,949 to prove his doubters wrong. 251 00:20:11,993 --> 00:20:13,783 He'll send an expedition 252 00:20:13,821 --> 00:20:16,871 to explore the new land. 253 00:20:16,911 --> 00:20:18,611 But he won't stop there. 254 00:20:18,652 --> 00:20:21,922 His goal is to go all the way to the Pacific 255 00:20:21,959 --> 00:20:25,879 and claim the western coast of the continent for America. 256 00:20:25,920 --> 00:20:27,920 It took Jefferson, a man who never traveled 257 00:20:27,965 --> 00:20:30,655 more than 50 miles west of his birthplace 258 00:20:30,707 --> 00:20:33,137 to have the vision to do this thing 259 00:20:33,188 --> 00:20:35,668 and to create what he called an "Empire for Liberty." 260 00:20:35,712 --> 00:20:39,802 So this story is as important a foundation story 261 00:20:39,847 --> 00:20:42,417 of American greatness as any other story we have. 262 00:20:56,211 --> 00:20:58,561 President Thomas Jefferson has to explore 263 00:20:58,605 --> 00:21:02,695 over 800,000 square miles of newly-purchased land 264 00:21:02,739 --> 00:21:05,219 and find a trade route to the Pacific Ocean. 265 00:21:06,787 --> 00:21:08,437 To lead the mission 266 00:21:08,484 --> 00:21:11,314 Jefferson turns to his most trusted aide 267 00:21:11,357 --> 00:21:15,007 an old family friend named Meriwether Lewis. 268 00:21:15,056 --> 00:21:16,666 Send this out right away. 269 00:21:19,452 --> 00:21:22,762 Thomas Jefferson had known Meriwether Lewis' father. 270 00:21:22,803 --> 00:21:24,153 He had known Meriwether Lewis 271 00:21:24,195 --> 00:21:26,805 since he was a child, practically. 272 00:21:26,850 --> 00:21:29,240 He served as President Thomas Jefferson's 273 00:21:29,288 --> 00:21:32,328 private secretary for two years. 274 00:21:32,378 --> 00:21:33,938 Thomas Jefferson knew 275 00:21:33,988 --> 00:21:36,378 Meriwether Lewis was a very intelligent person 276 00:21:36,425 --> 00:21:38,245 and he knew that Meriwether Lewis 277 00:21:38,297 --> 00:21:41,167 would understand what his objectives were. 278 00:21:41,212 --> 00:21:44,042 And he certainly expected him to carry those out. 279 00:21:47,175 --> 00:21:49,865 For Lewis, it's the opportunity of a lifetime.. 280 00:21:51,875 --> 00:21:55,265 ...one that comes despite a troubled past. 281 00:22:02,408 --> 00:22:06,148 While serving in the army, a series of barroom brawls 282 00:22:06,194 --> 00:22:08,284 earns young Lewis a court martial.. 283 00:22:11,417 --> 00:22:14,897 ...and a transfer to a remote outpost in the Ohio Territory. 284 00:22:16,813 --> 00:22:19,863 His commander, William Clark 285 00:22:19,903 --> 00:22:22,693 a hero from the Battle of Fallen Timbers 286 00:22:22,732 --> 00:22:25,562 and a man who will alter the course of his life. 287 00:22:46,539 --> 00:22:47,799 I will not tolerate any fighting 288 00:22:47,844 --> 00:22:50,154 amongst the men under my command. 289 00:22:50,194 --> 00:22:52,244 Is that clear? 290 00:22:52,283 --> 00:22:53,463 Yes, sir. 291 00:22:55,112 --> 00:22:56,242 You're dismissed. 292 00:23:01,684 --> 00:23:05,174 Lewis' father died when he was just a boy. 293 00:23:05,209 --> 00:23:06,859 It's possible to see Lewis 294 00:23:06,907 --> 00:23:09,477 as searching for, perhaps, a father figure 295 00:23:09,518 --> 00:23:12,568 or a figure of stability in his life. 296 00:23:12,608 --> 00:23:15,308 And I think Clark immediately recognized 297 00:23:15,350 --> 00:23:18,570 that Lewis was extremely intelligent 298 00:23:18,614 --> 00:23:22,144 but that he also was troubled in some essential way. 299 00:23:24,751 --> 00:23:28,841 Under Clark, Lewis learns structure and discipline 300 00:23:28,885 --> 00:23:30,965 and he rises through the military ranks. 301 00:23:33,499 --> 00:23:36,019 By 1800, he's promoted to captain. 302 00:23:39,243 --> 00:23:42,733 Clark had an enormous stabilizing effect 303 00:23:42,769 --> 00:23:44,549 on Meriwether Lewis. 304 00:23:44,597 --> 00:23:46,637 And from that moment on 305 00:23:46,686 --> 00:23:49,466 they formed a-a very close friendship. 306 00:23:49,515 --> 00:23:51,595 Clark was always the older brother 307 00:23:51,647 --> 00:23:53,037 who was doing what he could 308 00:23:53,083 --> 00:23:55,303 to calm down his mercurial friend 309 00:23:55,346 --> 00:23:58,386 and to keep him on task. 310 00:23:58,437 --> 00:24:01,307 In 1801, Lewis is called to the White House. 311 00:24:06,662 --> 00:24:09,102 Now, two years later 312 00:24:09,143 --> 00:24:11,623 he prepares for the most ambitious expedition 313 00:24:11,667 --> 00:24:14,317 in the young nation's history 314 00:24:14,365 --> 00:24:17,665 exploring the newly-acquired Louisiana Territory. 315 00:24:21,068 --> 00:24:23,768 The Missouri could possibly lead 316 00:24:23,810 --> 00:24:25,590 all the way to the western coast. 317 00:24:25,638 --> 00:24:26,808 Look. 318 00:24:33,341 --> 00:24:35,131 Lewis spends nearly a year 319 00:24:35,169 --> 00:24:37,299 learning everything he can about the frontier. 320 00:24:39,347 --> 00:24:42,047 Jefferson has one of the world's best libraries 321 00:24:42,089 --> 00:24:44,219 and he gives Lewis a crash course 322 00:24:44,265 --> 00:24:46,825 in geography and science. 323 00:24:46,876 --> 00:24:50,226 Jefferson helped him to learn latitude and longitude. 324 00:24:50,271 --> 00:24:53,801 Lewis worked with America's most famous botanist. 325 00:24:53,840 --> 00:24:56,060 He learned something about medicine. 326 00:24:56,103 --> 00:24:59,413 And so in the, in the course of a couple of months 327 00:24:59,454 --> 00:25:02,114 Lewis got a smattering of all of the enlightenment arts 328 00:25:02,152 --> 00:25:03,942 that an explorer ought to have. 329 00:25:07,549 --> 00:25:09,599 But despite their preparations 330 00:25:09,638 --> 00:25:11,988 neither Lewis nor Jefferson can predict 331 00:25:12,032 --> 00:25:15,732 what the expedition might face. 332 00:25:15,775 --> 00:25:16,905 The middle part of the continent 333 00:25:16,950 --> 00:25:19,040 was completely a blank map. 334 00:25:19,082 --> 00:25:21,692 They didn't know what was out there. 335 00:25:21,737 --> 00:25:24,347 No Americans, no Europeans 336 00:25:24,392 --> 00:25:27,092 had been across that part of the continent. 337 00:25:27,134 --> 00:25:30,094 And Jefferson, in fact, thought there were dinosaurs out there. 338 00:25:41,278 --> 00:25:43,588 In May 1804 339 00:25:43,629 --> 00:25:45,759 Lewis arrives in Missouri 340 00:25:45,805 --> 00:25:48,805 the staging ground for his expedition 341 00:25:48,851 --> 00:25:50,811 and is reunited with the mentor 342 00:25:50,853 --> 00:25:52,643 he handpicked for the mission. 343 00:25:56,380 --> 00:25:57,730 Captain Lewis. 344 00:25:59,470 --> 00:26:00,860 Captain Clark. 345 00:26:02,952 --> 00:26:05,832 A pleasure to see you again. 346 00:26:05,868 --> 00:26:09,828 Clark recognized that Lewis was a genius. 347 00:26:09,872 --> 00:26:13,012 He was asked almost at the last minute to join Lewis. 348 00:26:13,049 --> 00:26:15,139 He was quite happy to do so. 349 00:26:15,182 --> 00:26:17,922 He wanted to be a part of the great, heroic crossing 350 00:26:17,967 --> 00:26:19,097 of the continent. 351 00:26:24,017 --> 00:26:26,537 Careful, boys. Come on, two hands, two hands. 352 00:26:27,847 --> 00:26:31,887 There we go. Good. 353 00:26:31,938 --> 00:26:33,288 Lewis and Clark 354 00:26:33,330 --> 00:26:36,290 their strengths and strong qualities 355 00:26:36,333 --> 00:26:37,513 complement each other. 356 00:26:38,901 --> 00:26:39,821 Alright. 357 00:26:41,687 --> 00:26:43,777 There could not have been a better duo 358 00:26:43,819 --> 00:26:46,819 uniquely positioned to help lead America into that area. 359 00:26:52,654 --> 00:26:56,184 Lewis and Clark will lead 45 men west 360 00:26:56,223 --> 00:26:58,793 past the boundaries of known civilization. 361 00:27:00,706 --> 00:27:02,396 They hope the Missouri River 362 00:27:02,446 --> 00:27:05,406 will connect directly to the Pacific Ocean 363 00:27:05,449 --> 00:27:07,499 but it's uncharted wilderness. 364 00:27:10,150 --> 00:27:13,590 The map that Lewis and Clark took went to, like, St. Louis 365 00:27:13,632 --> 00:27:15,592 and then was blank, blank, blank, blank, blank. 366 00:27:22,379 --> 00:27:24,689 Move those to the front. Thank you. 367 00:27:24,730 --> 00:27:27,430 Not knowing what dangers might lie ahead 368 00:27:27,471 --> 00:27:30,341 the expedition amasses the largest arsenal 369 00:27:30,387 --> 00:27:32,297 the frontier has ever seen. 370 00:27:34,740 --> 00:27:37,530 Let's make sure these stay dry. 371 00:27:37,568 --> 00:27:40,438 It was as brilliantly planned an expedition 372 00:27:40,484 --> 00:27:43,404 as has ever been mounted by anybody. 373 00:27:43,444 --> 00:27:47,804 They had weapons, gunpowder, ball, lead 374 00:27:47,840 --> 00:27:49,840 and they carried medicine. 375 00:27:51,931 --> 00:27:54,191 The best estimate is that they were starting out 376 00:27:54,237 --> 00:27:57,327 with about 60,000 pounds worth of gear. 377 00:27:59,852 --> 00:28:02,512 On May 21st, 1804.. 378 00:28:04,770 --> 00:28:08,120 ...Lewis and Clark begin their journey west. 379 00:28:08,164 --> 00:28:10,914 I mean, to try to make it 380 00:28:10,950 --> 00:28:12,910 all the way across our continent 381 00:28:12,952 --> 00:28:15,302 and get to the Pacific Ocean 382 00:28:15,345 --> 00:28:18,125 is similar to what Neil and Buzz had 383 00:28:18,174 --> 00:28:21,004 on Apollo 11, possibly.. 384 00:28:21,047 --> 00:28:24,827 ...going, uh, all the way to the surface of the moon. 385 00:28:24,877 --> 00:28:28,357 Lewis and Clark have no idea what they'll find 386 00:28:28,402 --> 00:28:31,102 or if they'll make it back alive. 387 00:28:43,591 --> 00:28:46,251 President Thomas Jefferson has sent Lewis and Clark 388 00:28:46,289 --> 00:28:48,809 on a mission to explore the Louisiana Territory.. 389 00:28:50,816 --> 00:28:54,076 ...and find a route to the Pacific Ocean. 390 00:28:54,123 --> 00:28:57,393 If they succeed, it will open up vast new areas 391 00:28:57,431 --> 00:29:00,221 to American trade and settlement 392 00:29:00,260 --> 00:29:04,570 and justify the boldest move of Jefferson's career. 393 00:29:04,612 --> 00:29:07,092 Well, for Thomas Jefferson, he knew there was something 394 00:29:07,136 --> 00:29:09,966 out there in our great land, but he didn't know what it was. 395 00:29:10,009 --> 00:29:14,799 It was a gamble to send Lewis and Clark. 396 00:29:14,840 --> 00:29:16,760 Their plan is to use the Missouri River 397 00:29:16,798 --> 00:29:19,628 as a highway following it 398 00:29:19,670 --> 00:29:22,060 as far west as possible. 399 00:29:22,108 --> 00:29:24,718 In his greatest fantasy, Jefferson almost seems to see 400 00:29:24,763 --> 00:29:27,853 a, a sort of interstate highway system of rivers 401 00:29:27,896 --> 00:29:30,116 where there are no barriers, where you somehow can just 402 00:29:30,159 --> 00:29:32,209 thread your way across the continent 403 00:29:32,248 --> 00:29:34,858 with the greatest of ease. He should've known better. 404 00:29:39,081 --> 00:29:42,301 By early winter 1804 405 00:29:42,345 --> 00:29:46,385 Lewis and Clark are stalled in present-day North Dakota. 406 00:29:46,436 --> 00:29:48,396 They've come less than a thousand miles 407 00:29:48,438 --> 00:29:51,048 from St. Louis. 408 00:29:51,093 --> 00:29:55,663 They build a shelter called Fort Mandan. 409 00:29:55,706 --> 00:29:58,226 It attracts a handful of trappers and traders 410 00:29:58,274 --> 00:29:59,414 venturing west. 411 00:30:03,976 --> 00:30:05,496 While they were at Fort Mandan 412 00:30:05,542 --> 00:30:08,892 there were also British and French traders 413 00:30:08,937 --> 00:30:10,937 who were embedded amongst the Mandan. 414 00:30:10,983 --> 00:30:12,463 And so they were asking questions 415 00:30:12,506 --> 00:30:14,156 of anybody they could find 416 00:30:14,203 --> 00:30:17,423 what-what they should expect. 417 00:30:17,467 --> 00:30:21,647 They soon learn that further travel by water is impossible 418 00:30:21,689 --> 00:30:24,559 and they'll have to continue overland. 419 00:30:24,605 --> 00:30:26,035 Then, in November.. 420 00:30:28,000 --> 00:30:31,790 ...they meet a French-Canadian trapper and his wife 421 00:30:31,830 --> 00:30:34,660 a 17-year-old Shoshone 422 00:30:34,702 --> 00:30:36,362 named Sacagawea. 423 00:30:38,184 --> 00:30:39,974 Sacagawea was incredibly important 424 00:30:40,012 --> 00:30:42,232 to the Lewis and Clark expedition. 425 00:30:42,275 --> 00:30:43,795 She could be an ambassador for them 426 00:30:43,842 --> 00:30:46,022 somebody who could talk to the local Indians 427 00:30:46,061 --> 00:30:49,331 and, uh, tell them what Lewis and Clark were doing there. 428 00:30:49,369 --> 00:30:51,719 And having a woman and especially a woman with a baby 429 00:30:51,762 --> 00:30:53,292 with your party 430 00:30:53,329 --> 00:30:57,939 was a universal sign that you came in peace. 431 00:30:57,986 --> 00:30:59,946 With new plans in place 432 00:30:59,988 --> 00:31:02,898 Lewis and Clark wait out the winter in North Dakota. 433 00:31:05,428 --> 00:31:08,038 Over a thousand miles away 434 00:31:08,083 --> 00:31:11,173 settlers continue to pour into Native American lands 435 00:31:11,217 --> 00:31:13,777 in the Ohio Territory. 436 00:31:13,828 --> 00:31:16,918 With them comes the spread of a deadly disease.. 437 00:31:19,660 --> 00:31:21,970 ...smallpox. 438 00:31:22,010 --> 00:31:25,620 And it hits Tecumseh's Shawnee tribe hard. 439 00:31:25,666 --> 00:31:27,836 The smallpox epidemics 440 00:31:27,886 --> 00:31:30,796 were a tremendous blow 441 00:31:30,845 --> 00:31:34,145 to the Shawnees and to their neighbors. 442 00:31:34,196 --> 00:31:37,106 There was, of course, widespread death 443 00:31:37,156 --> 00:31:41,896 brought to a people who were already destabilized 444 00:31:41,943 --> 00:31:44,293 by so many other factors. 445 00:31:48,297 --> 00:31:50,907 Tecumseh had retreated to present-day Indiana 446 00:31:50,952 --> 00:31:53,482 after his defeat by the US Army 447 00:31:53,520 --> 00:31:54,960 at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.. 448 00:31:56,740 --> 00:31:58,790 ...hoping to plot a new strategy 449 00:31:58,829 --> 00:32:02,699 to resist America's western expansion. 450 00:32:02,746 --> 00:32:06,396 But this unexpected crisis derails all his plans. 451 00:32:12,321 --> 00:32:15,541 In spring 1805 452 00:32:15,585 --> 00:32:19,285 Lewis and Clark follow their new guide, Sacagawea 453 00:32:19,328 --> 00:32:20,368 into the wilderness. 454 00:32:22,418 --> 00:32:25,988 They're trying to find an overland route to the Pacific. 455 00:32:26,031 --> 00:32:27,991 If they succeed, they will open 456 00:32:28,033 --> 00:32:30,343 the west to Jefferson's dream 457 00:32:30,383 --> 00:32:32,303 and Tecumseh's worst fear.. 458 00:32:34,343 --> 00:32:36,003 ...more settlers. 459 00:32:42,264 --> 00:32:44,834 They've moved beyond any known map 460 00:32:44,875 --> 00:32:46,695 charting new ones as they go. 461 00:32:51,621 --> 00:32:54,621 They also identify over 300 new varieties 462 00:32:54,668 --> 00:32:57,018 of plants and animals 463 00:32:57,062 --> 00:32:59,802 completely changing what's known about wildlife 464 00:32:59,847 --> 00:33:00,977 in North America. 465 00:33:03,068 --> 00:33:04,808 It was part of Jefferson's plan 466 00:33:04,852 --> 00:33:08,162 to make this a scientific expedition. 467 00:33:08,203 --> 00:33:10,813 Jefferson had always been curious about the frontier. 468 00:33:10,858 --> 00:33:12,508 He was curious about lots of things 469 00:33:12,555 --> 00:33:15,375 including the flora and the fauna of the frontier 470 00:33:15,428 --> 00:33:17,258 things that he hadn't seen. 471 00:33:21,477 --> 00:33:23,827 Lewis and Clark spent literally hundreds of hours 472 00:33:23,871 --> 00:33:25,531 taking down data 473 00:33:25,568 --> 00:33:28,438 and making repeated observations. 474 00:33:28,484 --> 00:33:31,794 Latitude, longitude, descriptions of animals 475 00:33:31,835 --> 00:33:35,485 descriptions of plants, mineral samples. 476 00:33:35,535 --> 00:33:38,485 Lewis discovered a 122 animals. 477 00:33:38,538 --> 00:33:40,978 The big-horned sheep and the grizzly bear 478 00:33:41,019 --> 00:33:42,889 and the pronghorn antelope. 479 00:33:42,933 --> 00:33:45,153 Clark was working by dead reckoning 480 00:33:45,197 --> 00:33:47,937 and he produced a stunningly accurate map 481 00:33:47,982 --> 00:33:50,332 of the American West. 482 00:33:50,376 --> 00:33:53,416 This was a very rich expedition of discovery. 483 00:33:57,296 --> 00:33:59,426 But it's a journey full of peril. 484 00:34:02,214 --> 00:34:04,784 If you want to get a sense for how mysterious 485 00:34:04,825 --> 00:34:06,645 the western lands were 486 00:34:06,696 --> 00:34:08,176 to the Lewis and Clark expedition 487 00:34:08,220 --> 00:34:10,440 consider that they felt 488 00:34:10,483 --> 00:34:12,883 that it was a very real possibility 489 00:34:12,920 --> 00:34:16,400 that they would run in to wooly mammoths along the way. 490 00:34:16,445 --> 00:34:19,095 That was as strange to them 491 00:34:19,144 --> 00:34:21,234 as it would be for you or me 492 00:34:21,276 --> 00:34:23,926 to step foot on planet Mars. 493 00:34:30,894 --> 00:34:34,814 When Lewis left on April 7th, 1805 494 00:34:34,855 --> 00:34:38,415 they were entering into an extremely hazardous land. 495 00:34:38,467 --> 00:34:40,727 Gonna be a long journey, maybe a fatal one. 496 00:34:40,774 --> 00:34:44,954 And they were all alone, essentially vulnerable 497 00:34:44,995 --> 00:34:46,255 in the midst of the wilderness. 498 00:35:28,952 --> 00:35:31,482 ored American wilderness.. 499 00:35:33,435 --> 00:35:35,735 ...beyond the edge of any known map.. 500 00:35:40,660 --> 00:35:44,270 ...Lewis and Clark are ambushed by an unknown tribe. 501 00:35:47,406 --> 00:35:49,886 They're badly outnumbered and have no choice 502 00:35:49,930 --> 00:35:53,330 but to trust their 17-year-old guide, Sacagawea. 503 00:36:12,996 --> 00:36:14,216 This was without question 504 00:36:14,259 --> 00:36:16,129 the most tense moment 505 00:36:16,174 --> 00:36:18,614 of the entire expedition. 506 00:36:18,654 --> 00:36:21,884 Lewis and Clark spoke English only 507 00:36:21,918 --> 00:36:25,228 and she's now having this conversation. 508 00:36:25,270 --> 00:36:27,230 They were very frightened, maybe she was leading them 509 00:36:27,272 --> 00:36:29,232 into an ambush, maybe something worse. 510 00:36:53,994 --> 00:36:55,434 Sacagawea. 511 00:36:59,739 --> 00:37:01,389 By sheer coincidence 512 00:37:01,436 --> 00:37:05,006 the tribal leader is Sacagawea's long-lost brother. 513 00:37:07,964 --> 00:37:10,364 She was born Shoshone 514 00:37:10,402 --> 00:37:12,842 out on the Montana-Idaho border. 515 00:37:12,882 --> 00:37:14,752 At about the age of 11 or so 516 00:37:14,797 --> 00:37:17,537 she was captured by a Hidatsa raiding party 517 00:37:17,583 --> 00:37:19,723 had been gone for many years 518 00:37:19,759 --> 00:37:21,499 was presumably never coming back. 519 00:37:21,543 --> 00:37:22,893 Suddenly, here she is 520 00:37:22,936 --> 00:37:25,846 in the presence of these white strangers 521 00:37:25,895 --> 00:37:27,845 and she looked at this man 522 00:37:27,897 --> 00:37:31,467 and recognized him to be her brother. 523 00:37:31,510 --> 00:37:34,120 That's sort of like a Shoshone miracle. 524 00:37:47,308 --> 00:37:50,218 Lewis and Clark are welcomed by the Shoshone 525 00:37:50,268 --> 00:37:52,788 and Sacagawea helps broker trade. 526 00:37:55,403 --> 00:37:59,283 Now that the expedition has to travel overland 527 00:37:59,320 --> 00:38:02,630 they need horses. 528 00:38:02,671 --> 00:38:04,371 The greatest thing that she may have done 529 00:38:04,412 --> 00:38:06,462 for the expedition was helping 530 00:38:06,501 --> 00:38:08,851 to solidify that relationship 531 00:38:08,895 --> 00:38:12,245 because the Shoshone then sold Lewis and Clark 28 horses. 532 00:38:16,381 --> 00:38:18,821 At that point, Lewis and Clark offered to leave her behind 533 00:38:18,861 --> 00:38:22,211 with her birth people, the Shoshone 534 00:38:22,256 --> 00:38:25,216 but she chose to go on with them. 535 00:38:25,259 --> 00:38:27,259 I think that she felt 536 00:38:27,305 --> 00:38:29,125 that she was part of something bigger 537 00:38:29,176 --> 00:38:30,476 than anything else that she could have 538 00:38:30,525 --> 00:38:33,305 imagined in her life. 539 00:38:33,354 --> 00:38:35,794 Lewis and Clark continue west 540 00:38:35,835 --> 00:38:38,355 determined to fulfill Jefferson's mission 541 00:38:38,403 --> 00:38:39,753 to reach the Pacific. 542 00:38:42,972 --> 00:38:46,372 Further east, in the Indiana Territory 543 00:38:46,411 --> 00:38:48,501 the smallpox epidemic continues 544 00:38:48,543 --> 00:38:50,153 with devastating effect.. 545 00:38:51,894 --> 00:38:54,724 ...killing thousands of Shawnee. 546 00:38:54,767 --> 00:38:56,727 I mean, what happens to a culture 547 00:38:56,769 --> 00:38:58,419 what happens to a society 548 00:38:58,466 --> 00:39:01,596 when 80% of the people die out? 549 00:39:01,643 --> 00:39:04,343 This was a disaster for the Shawnee 550 00:39:04,385 --> 00:39:06,125 and they became very weak. 551 00:39:08,346 --> 00:39:11,386 There was confusion, there was despair. 552 00:39:11,436 --> 00:39:12,696 It bred 553 00:39:12,741 --> 00:39:16,311 a kind of religious mania 554 00:39:16,354 --> 00:39:18,494 a search for the answer 555 00:39:18,530 --> 00:39:20,970 why these people were being judged in this way. 556 00:39:23,926 --> 00:39:27,496 A path forward comes from a surprising source 557 00:39:27,539 --> 00:39:30,149 Tecumseh's brother, Tenskwatawa. 558 00:39:47,733 --> 00:39:51,083 Tecumseh's younger brother was the family embarrassment. 559 00:39:51,127 --> 00:39:55,607 He was clumsy, he was not known for his physical courage. 560 00:39:55,654 --> 00:39:58,484 He was an alcoholic. 561 00:39:58,526 --> 00:40:02,356 And that was when his life turned around. 562 00:40:14,194 --> 00:40:17,464 He had a kind of spiritual vision 563 00:40:17,502 --> 00:40:21,072 and he believed that he was 564 00:40:21,114 --> 00:40:23,604 the embodiment of the message 565 00:40:23,638 --> 00:40:26,378 that would save the Shawnee people. 566 00:40:28,774 --> 00:40:31,174 Tenskwatawa claims his vision 567 00:40:31,211 --> 00:40:34,261 reveals the tribe's past and future. 568 00:40:34,301 --> 00:40:38,311 Showing salvation lies in rejecting modern influences 569 00:40:38,348 --> 00:40:40,868 and returning to traditional ways. 570 00:40:43,702 --> 00:40:45,882 As word of his vision spreads.. 571 00:40:47,967 --> 00:40:50,927 ...Native Americans from different, even warring tribes 572 00:40:50,970 --> 00:40:52,230 come to hear him. 573 00:40:54,060 --> 00:40:57,060 Tecumseh sees a strategic opportunity 574 00:40:57,106 --> 00:40:59,236 in these unprecedented gatherings. 575 00:41:20,565 --> 00:41:23,655 Shawnee leader Tecumseh recognizes that 576 00:41:23,698 --> 00:41:26,398 if the natives are to survive white incursion 577 00:41:26,440 --> 00:41:28,530 they need to band together. 578 00:41:35,057 --> 00:41:37,497 Tecumseh knew he could not lead his people 579 00:41:37,538 --> 00:41:39,538 as just one Indian Nation. 580 00:41:39,584 --> 00:41:43,284 He would have to build a larger Indian nation. 581 00:41:43,326 --> 00:41:45,546 It's a strategy inspired by the example 582 00:41:45,590 --> 00:41:48,380 of the United States itself. 583 00:41:48,418 --> 00:41:51,598 As Tecumseh saw the different colonies come together 584 00:41:51,639 --> 00:41:53,689 following the American Revolution 585 00:41:53,728 --> 00:41:55,338 in seeing this new United States 586 00:41:55,382 --> 00:41:57,562 and actually it begin to work, he thought 587 00:41:57,602 --> 00:42:01,742 why not then a United Indian Nations? 588 00:42:01,780 --> 00:42:03,220 Why not bring them together? 589 00:42:05,523 --> 00:42:08,313 His goal, establish a sovereign 590 00:42:08,351 --> 00:42:11,751 Pan-Indian Nation next door to the US. 591 00:42:11,790 --> 00:42:13,710 From the Appalachian Mountains 592 00:42:13,748 --> 00:42:15,268 to the Mississippi River. 593 00:42:17,404 --> 00:42:20,324 Never before had someone tried 594 00:42:20,363 --> 00:42:23,063 to bring other native nations together 595 00:42:23,105 --> 00:42:26,365 in a way that then could effectively stop 596 00:42:26,413 --> 00:42:29,113 land cessions to the United States. 597 00:42:29,155 --> 00:42:32,895 Tecumseh was at the forefront of this kind of movement 598 00:42:32,941 --> 00:42:35,901 and it would change Native America forever. 599 00:42:39,208 --> 00:42:41,648 To do it, Tecumseh launches 600 00:42:41,689 --> 00:42:43,519 a diplomatic mission 601 00:42:43,561 --> 00:42:45,521 traveling across the frontier 602 00:42:45,563 --> 00:42:47,393 and recruiting an army. 603 00:42:51,046 --> 00:42:53,176 Tecumseh essentially went on tour. 604 00:42:53,222 --> 00:42:56,272 He was face to face talking 605 00:42:56,312 --> 00:42:58,622 about what it would mean to stand up 606 00:42:58,663 --> 00:43:01,273 for their lands and for their ways of life 607 00:43:01,317 --> 00:43:03,277 and for their identities. 608 00:43:03,319 --> 00:43:05,189 He was a gifted orator. 609 00:43:16,681 --> 00:43:18,991 He won hearts and he won minds. 610 00:43:21,903 --> 00:43:23,823 As his influence grows 611 00:43:23,862 --> 00:43:26,472 word of Tecumseh's campaign spreads 612 00:43:26,516 --> 00:43:28,606 creating growing concern 613 00:43:28,649 --> 00:43:30,739 across frontier settlements. 614 00:43:30,782 --> 00:43:34,792 The concept of a Pan-Indian alliance 615 00:43:34,829 --> 00:43:37,439 struck fear in the American government 616 00:43:37,484 --> 00:43:38,444 and the American public. 617 00:43:38,485 --> 00:43:39,655 You have to remember 618 00:43:39,704 --> 00:43:42,884 the American Revolution succeeded 619 00:43:42,924 --> 00:43:45,584 because you had these different colonies.. 620 00:43:47,537 --> 00:43:50,407 ...coming together and then working as a collective. 621 00:43:50,453 --> 00:43:53,943 Theoretically, if Tecumseh is able to unite 622 00:43:53,979 --> 00:43:56,979 the tribes in the Midwest, from the Mississippi Delta 623 00:43:57,025 --> 00:43:58,585 all the way up to Minnesota 624 00:43:58,636 --> 00:44:02,156 maybe they could defeat America. 625 00:44:02,204 --> 00:44:04,384 With the future of the frontier at stake 626 00:44:04,424 --> 00:44:07,124 Tecumseh's Pan-Indian alliance 627 00:44:07,166 --> 00:44:08,986 prepares for war. 628 00:44:24,574 --> 00:44:26,364 Lewis and Clark have spent a year 629 00:44:26,402 --> 00:44:29,062 crossing a thousand miles of uncharted wilderness.. 630 00:44:31,233 --> 00:44:33,853 ...to find a land route to the Pacific.. 631 00:44:35,542 --> 00:44:38,112 ...and expand the American nation. 632 00:44:46,074 --> 00:44:48,734 Now, they face a daunting obstacle.. 633 00:44:52,515 --> 00:44:54,335 ...the Rocky Mountains. 634 00:44:58,478 --> 00:45:01,178 They rise over 14,000 feet.. 635 00:45:03,701 --> 00:45:08,011 ...stretching 3000 miles across the continent 636 00:45:08,053 --> 00:45:10,063 and winter is closing in. 637 00:45:12,057 --> 00:45:13,837 Lewis and Clark had never seen anything 638 00:45:13,885 --> 00:45:15,965 like the Rocky Mountains. 639 00:45:16,017 --> 00:45:18,407 Their idea of mountains were the Appalachians 640 00:45:18,454 --> 00:45:20,114 so they couldn't even begin 641 00:45:20,152 --> 00:45:22,022 to understand what they were facing. 642 00:45:22,067 --> 00:45:24,717 Not only were the mountains much higher 643 00:45:24,765 --> 00:45:26,895 but Lewis said the western mountains were covered 644 00:45:26,941 --> 00:45:29,941 with almost eternal snow and you couldn't see 645 00:45:29,988 --> 00:45:32,288 from one end to the other end of the mountains. 646 00:45:45,612 --> 00:45:47,312 When Meriwether Lewis 647 00:45:47,353 --> 00:45:50,313 sees 60 to 70 miles of snow-capped peaks 648 00:45:50,356 --> 00:45:52,616 he must have been distraught. 649 00:45:52,662 --> 00:45:54,842 He must have thought the expedition was over 650 00:45:54,882 --> 00:45:57,322 and they had no chance of success. 651 00:46:02,107 --> 00:46:04,627 Over 700 miles from the nearest settlement.. 652 00:46:10,811 --> 00:46:13,211 ...Lewis and Clark can either turn back.. 653 00:46:16,948 --> 00:46:19,688 ...or attempt to cross the mountains before winter. 654 00:46:26,784 --> 00:46:29,134 For them, the choice is clear. 655 00:46:36,924 --> 00:46:38,534 On September 1st 656 00:46:38,578 --> 00:46:40,838 the expedition begins their ascent.. 657 00:46:44,758 --> 00:46:46,928 ...embarking on the most dangerous leg 658 00:46:46,978 --> 00:46:48,808 of their journey yet. 659 00:46:56,988 --> 00:46:59,248 Having been somebody who has flown in combat 660 00:46:59,294 --> 00:47:01,564 as a Navy pilot, has been a test pilot 661 00:47:01,601 --> 00:47:03,261 and an astronaut, you know, I think 662 00:47:03,298 --> 00:47:05,338 when you're doing really hard things 663 00:47:05,387 --> 00:47:07,517 inevitably there are 664 00:47:07,563 --> 00:47:11,653 incredibly difficult roadblocks and challenges. 665 00:47:11,698 --> 00:47:13,608 And I think if you're the type of person 666 00:47:13,656 --> 00:47:15,266 that just kind of throws your hands up 667 00:47:15,310 --> 00:47:18,400 and, and surrenders, uh, then you don't win. 668 00:47:20,272 --> 00:47:23,882 My definition of courage would be somebody 669 00:47:23,928 --> 00:47:28,318 who would be able to work hard towards an objective 670 00:47:28,367 --> 00:47:30,887 that is inherently not good for their health. 671 00:47:38,725 --> 00:47:41,115 With every peak they pass 672 00:47:41,162 --> 00:47:43,862 the temperature drops by ten degrees. 673 00:47:49,127 --> 00:47:50,687 When that cold sets in 674 00:47:50,737 --> 00:47:52,607 you know, everything gets harder. 675 00:47:52,652 --> 00:47:54,872 Your brain slows down, your body slows down 676 00:47:54,915 --> 00:47:56,735 you need more energy to do things 677 00:47:56,786 --> 00:47:58,916 there's less energy available, less food 678 00:47:58,963 --> 00:48:01,703 less fire, and so what happens is 679 00:48:01,748 --> 00:48:03,318 people start to crumble. 680 00:48:03,358 --> 00:48:04,838 And if they don't keep moving 681 00:48:04,882 --> 00:48:07,672 if they don't find the will 682 00:48:07,710 --> 00:48:09,150 they're just plain dead. 683 00:48:14,761 --> 00:48:17,331 Their pace slows to just ten miles a day. 684 00:48:22,160 --> 00:48:25,640 And at high altitude, there's no game 685 00:48:25,685 --> 00:48:29,245 so they're forced to eat their pack horses to survive. 686 00:48:29,297 --> 00:48:31,517 A team of men like Lewis and Clark 687 00:48:31,560 --> 00:48:33,390 traveling forward through rugged terrain 688 00:48:33,432 --> 00:48:34,962 and especially in cold weather 689 00:48:34,999 --> 00:48:37,699 requires an enormous amount of food. 690 00:48:37,740 --> 00:48:40,000 The human body in those conditions 691 00:48:40,047 --> 00:48:44,227 needs from 2000 to 4000 calories per day. 692 00:48:53,626 --> 00:48:55,846 Nearly two weeks after entering the Rockies.. 693 00:48:58,022 --> 00:49:00,812 ...the expedition has depleted its food supply.. 694 00:49:10,860 --> 00:49:12,510 ...and is forced to eat candles 695 00:49:12,558 --> 00:49:15,078 made from animal fat to stay alive. 696 00:49:43,067 --> 00:49:46,107 After 28 days of grueling hardship.. 697 00:49:48,202 --> 00:49:50,552 ...Lewis and Clark clear the Rockies.. 698 00:49:53,077 --> 00:49:56,337 ...and head toward the Pacific. 699 00:49:56,384 --> 00:49:58,784 In order to continue pushing 700 00:49:58,821 --> 00:50:01,911 they had to have some other motivation. 701 00:50:01,955 --> 00:50:03,865 It's not really about the food 702 00:50:03,913 --> 00:50:07,443 or about the chance of-of surviving or not. 703 00:50:07,482 --> 00:50:09,922 It was a sense of, of duty, of mission. 704 00:50:12,270 --> 00:50:14,360 One month later 705 00:50:14,402 --> 00:50:16,882 the expedition reaches the Columbia River 706 00:50:16,926 --> 00:50:18,446 in modern-day Oregon. 707 00:50:21,801 --> 00:50:24,671 And then, on November 15th, 1805.. 708 00:50:27,502 --> 00:50:30,162 ...after traveling more than 4000 miles.. 709 00:50:32,638 --> 00:50:36,078 ...Lewis and Clark finally reach the Pacific. 710 00:50:38,339 --> 00:50:40,649 It's almost mind-boggling to think 711 00:50:40,689 --> 00:50:43,079 of the challenges that they faced. 712 00:50:43,127 --> 00:50:45,427 And that these individuals were doing it 713 00:50:45,477 --> 00:50:47,517 for months on end 714 00:50:47,566 --> 00:50:49,256 living off the land, uh 715 00:50:49,307 --> 00:50:52,787 living by their own self-reliance. 716 00:50:55,095 --> 00:50:56,655 Lewis and Clark deserve credit 717 00:50:56,705 --> 00:50:58,835 as the greatest expeditioners 718 00:50:58,881 --> 00:51:01,191 in certainly American history 719 00:51:01,232 --> 00:51:04,062 that brought America new territory 720 00:51:04,104 --> 00:51:06,674 and a new identity as a country. 721 00:51:09,153 --> 00:51:12,113 The Lewis and Clark expedition is the first 722 00:51:12,156 --> 00:51:14,896 to cross the North American continent overland. 723 00:51:24,211 --> 00:51:26,211 They build a fort near the coastline 724 00:51:26,257 --> 00:51:28,297 in the Oregon Territory 725 00:51:28,346 --> 00:51:31,606 proudly claiming the land for the US. 726 00:51:45,406 --> 00:51:47,096 Congratulations, captain. 727 00:51:49,497 --> 00:51:51,797 Lewis and Clark had wanted the world to know 728 00:51:51,847 --> 00:51:53,457 that we had been there. 729 00:51:53,501 --> 00:51:55,021 This just wasn't boasting. 730 00:51:55,068 --> 00:51:57,718 This was also claiming the country 731 00:51:57,766 --> 00:52:00,936 on which they had built this temporary compound. 732 00:52:03,120 --> 00:52:07,520 This was the first and most significant gesture 733 00:52:07,559 --> 00:52:11,039 for what became the completion of the American continent. 734 00:52:20,963 --> 00:52:22,703 But Great Britain also has interests 735 00:52:22,748 --> 00:52:25,008 in the Pacific Northwest 736 00:52:25,054 --> 00:52:27,884 and sees this American fort 737 00:52:27,927 --> 00:52:30,227 as an act of aggression. 738 00:52:39,808 --> 00:52:42,858 In March 1806 739 00:52:42,898 --> 00:52:46,118 after establishing a fort on the Pacific Coast.. 740 00:52:48,469 --> 00:52:50,689 ...and fulfilling Thomas Jefferson's vision 741 00:52:50,732 --> 00:52:52,602 for expanding the nation.. 742 00:52:55,172 --> 00:52:56,652 ...Lewis and Clark begin 743 00:52:56,695 --> 00:53:00,345 their 4000-mile journey home. 744 00:53:00,394 --> 00:53:02,054 When Jefferson heard that Lewis and Clark 745 00:53:02,091 --> 00:53:04,271 had crossed the continent successfully, he said 746 00:53:04,311 --> 00:53:06,971 he read the news in Lewis' letter 747 00:53:07,009 --> 00:53:09,059 with unspeakable joy. 748 00:53:09,098 --> 00:53:11,188 He was vindicated in his belief 749 00:53:11,231 --> 00:53:13,801 that the continent could be crossed 750 00:53:13,842 --> 00:53:16,582 and that it could be mapped. 751 00:53:16,628 --> 00:53:18,328 Lewis and Clark opened the west 752 00:53:18,369 --> 00:53:20,499 to those frontiersmen who would follow 753 00:53:20,545 --> 00:53:22,285 because once they described what was out there 754 00:53:22,329 --> 00:53:25,159 then the unknown became partially known. 755 00:53:25,202 --> 00:53:26,642 And from being partially known to being settled 756 00:53:26,681 --> 00:53:27,941 was just one more step. 757 00:53:32,383 --> 00:53:34,863 Great Britain sees this American expansion 758 00:53:34,907 --> 00:53:37,167 as an immediate threat. 759 00:53:37,214 --> 00:53:39,044 When Lewis and Clark raise the American flag 760 00:53:39,085 --> 00:53:40,865 they were clearly beyond 761 00:53:40,913 --> 00:53:43,793 the boundaries of the Louisiana purchase. 762 00:53:43,829 --> 00:53:46,049 The Pacific is extremely important to Britain. 763 00:53:46,092 --> 00:53:48,662 They have an active fur trade 764 00:53:48,703 --> 00:53:52,013 on the West Coast, and it's threatened 765 00:53:52,054 --> 00:53:54,584 by the coming of the Americans. 766 00:53:56,842 --> 00:53:58,062 While the Pacific northwest 767 00:53:58,104 --> 00:54:00,244 is technically unclaimed 768 00:54:00,280 --> 00:54:03,760 the British are entrenched beyond the Canadian border 769 00:54:03,805 --> 00:54:06,155 and they have a powerful interest 770 00:54:06,199 --> 00:54:08,109 in dominating the fur trade here. 771 00:54:09,246 --> 00:54:11,896 From 1800 to 1810 772 00:54:11,944 --> 00:54:16,604 the British earned 2.8 million pounds from selling fur.. 773 00:54:16,644 --> 00:54:20,344 ...the equivalent of $22 billion USD today. 774 00:54:20,387 --> 00:54:22,737 The fur trade and especially the fur trade 775 00:54:22,781 --> 00:54:24,781 to China in sea otter pelts 776 00:54:24,826 --> 00:54:26,606 was probably the most lucrative 777 00:54:26,654 --> 00:54:29,274 economic activity in the world at that time. 778 00:54:31,572 --> 00:54:33,662 To keep the US out 779 00:54:33,705 --> 00:54:37,055 Britain stirs up trouble on the American frontier 780 00:54:37,099 --> 00:54:39,579 a tactic used during the Revolution. 781 00:54:52,201 --> 00:54:54,331 The British understood they were never going 782 00:54:54,378 --> 00:54:56,288 to bring the United States back 783 00:54:56,336 --> 00:54:58,766 into the British Empire as colonies. 784 00:54:58,817 --> 00:55:02,077 But what they wanted to do is they wanted to protect Canada. 785 00:55:02,124 --> 00:55:04,214 And the best way they saw of protecting Canada 786 00:55:04,257 --> 00:55:06,557 and the Northwest was to create 787 00:55:06,607 --> 00:55:09,257 a Native American buffer state at the frontier. 788 00:55:13,614 --> 00:55:16,494 The British seek an alliance with a growing power 789 00:55:16,530 --> 00:55:20,450 on the frontier... Tecumseh. 790 00:55:20,491 --> 00:55:23,361 He now heads a force of 5000 warriors.. 791 00:55:24,799 --> 00:55:27,279 ...and they invite him to meet. 792 00:55:34,505 --> 00:55:37,375 'Thank you for meeting with us.' 793 00:55:37,421 --> 00:55:41,211 Your people and mine, we have a common enemy. 794 00:55:41,250 --> 00:55:42,860 'The Americans have taken your land' 795 00:55:42,904 --> 00:55:46,134 'and now they want ours as well.' 796 00:55:46,168 --> 00:55:50,388 Together, we can drive the Americans back. 797 00:55:50,434 --> 00:55:54,264 The British invite Tecumseh to Canada to talk 798 00:55:54,307 --> 00:55:59,487 and many of their messages are familiar to him. 799 00:55:59,530 --> 00:56:01,620 Don't trust the United States. 800 00:56:01,662 --> 00:56:04,622 If Great Britain can re-establish control 801 00:56:04,665 --> 00:56:06,275 then there will be a halt 802 00:56:06,319 --> 00:56:09,319 to westward expansion. 803 00:56:09,366 --> 00:56:12,976 But Tecumseh doesn't trust Great Britain. 804 00:56:15,850 --> 00:56:18,240 Confident in his power 805 00:56:18,287 --> 00:56:20,727 Tecumseh rejects their offer 806 00:56:20,768 --> 00:56:23,118 and continues building his alliance. 807 00:56:28,167 --> 00:56:29,387 In 1808.. 808 00:56:31,170 --> 00:56:34,910 ...he creates the first Pan-Indian village. 809 00:56:34,956 --> 00:56:38,656 To honor his brother, he calls it Prophetstown. 810 00:56:45,663 --> 00:56:47,453 For the first time ever 811 00:56:47,491 --> 00:56:49,581 members of enemy tribes are living together. 812 00:56:51,408 --> 00:56:55,278 Soon, Prophetstown has 3000 inhabitants 813 00:56:55,324 --> 00:56:57,814 and grows larger every day. 814 00:56:57,849 --> 00:56:59,939 Tecumseh's message traveled 815 00:56:59,981 --> 00:57:02,771 far and wide by word of mouth 816 00:57:02,810 --> 00:57:05,330 by runners through the woods. 817 00:57:05,378 --> 00:57:07,858 And there were many native people 818 00:57:07,902 --> 00:57:10,252 who traveled to Prophetstown because they wanted 819 00:57:10,296 --> 00:57:13,726 to experience his power and his message first-hand. 820 00:57:25,877 --> 00:57:28,617 While Tecumseh forges his ground-breaking push 821 00:57:28,662 --> 00:57:30,622 for Pan-Indian unity.. 822 00:57:33,754 --> 00:57:36,504 ...the two men who led the great expedition west 823 00:57:36,540 --> 00:57:38,020 return to St. Louis. 824 00:57:40,195 --> 00:57:42,845 At the time it was not considered 825 00:57:42,894 --> 00:57:44,854 such a monumental moment. 826 00:57:44,896 --> 00:57:46,716 The-the accounts of it 827 00:57:46,767 --> 00:57:49,467 were not even published, uh, right away 828 00:57:49,509 --> 00:57:50,859 and most congressmen didn't quite get 829 00:57:50,902 --> 00:57:52,772 what it was all about. 830 00:57:58,126 --> 00:58:00,826 Lewis and Clark's paths will diverge 831 00:58:00,868 --> 00:58:02,218 in the years to come. 832 00:58:06,700 --> 00:58:09,440 Clark does fairly well in the aftermath 833 00:58:09,486 --> 00:58:12,746 of the Lewis and Clark expedition. 834 00:58:12,793 --> 00:58:16,453 He is actually able to capitalize on the celebrity 835 00:58:16,493 --> 00:58:18,543 and goes on to a very successful life. 836 00:58:22,586 --> 00:58:25,586 Clark becomes a brigadier general in the Army 837 00:58:25,632 --> 00:58:28,682 and then the first governor of the Missouri Territory. 838 00:58:30,942 --> 00:58:34,732 He stays close to Sacagawea through the years. 839 00:58:34,772 --> 00:58:38,042 And when she dies unexpectedly in 1812 840 00:58:38,079 --> 00:58:40,869 Clark becomes legal guardian to her children. 841 00:58:46,958 --> 00:58:48,608 While Clark prospers.. 842 00:58:52,398 --> 00:58:54,528 ...the same can't be said for his partner. 843 00:58:57,708 --> 00:59:01,228 Meriwether Lewis' story in some sense is tragic 844 00:59:01,276 --> 00:59:03,886 because despite what we now celebrate 845 00:59:03,931 --> 00:59:05,761 as one of the greatest accomplishments 846 00:59:05,803 --> 00:59:07,373 in American history 847 00:59:07,413 --> 00:59:09,723 Lewis himself felt like a failure. 848 00:59:09,763 --> 00:59:12,513 He hadn't been able to realize any material gain 849 00:59:12,549 --> 00:59:14,859 or substantive material gain from all the work 850 00:59:14,899 --> 00:59:16,549 that he and Clark had done. 851 00:59:22,036 --> 00:59:23,596 He never marries 852 00:59:23,647 --> 00:59:25,167 and will continue to struggle 853 00:59:25,213 --> 00:59:27,743 with alcohol and depression. 854 00:59:27,781 --> 00:59:29,351 A friend of a president 855 00:59:29,391 --> 00:59:31,831 the leader of the most successful exploration 856 00:59:31,872 --> 00:59:33,832 in American history and for whatever reason 857 00:59:33,874 --> 00:59:37,494 his life just never quite gels 858 00:59:37,530 --> 00:59:39,750 when he gets back. 859 00:59:39,793 --> 00:59:42,403 And he felt it in a letter. 860 00:59:42,448 --> 00:59:45,018 At one point he said, "I have never felt less like a hero 861 00:59:45,059 --> 00:59:46,969 than I do at this moment." 862 00:59:50,151 --> 00:59:54,681 In October 1809, isolated and alone 863 00:59:54,721 --> 00:59:57,381 Meriwether Lewis takes his own life. 864 01:00:07,865 --> 01:00:09,995 In the Indiana territory 865 01:00:10,041 --> 01:00:12,741 Tecumseh's power and influence are growing. 866 01:00:14,045 --> 01:00:15,955 And he goes on the offensive. 867 01:00:20,921 --> 01:00:24,231 In August 1810, he demands to meet 868 01:00:24,272 --> 01:00:27,322 with old adversary, William Henry Harrison 869 01:00:27,362 --> 01:00:30,712 to negotiate the peaceful return of lands seized 870 01:00:30,757 --> 01:00:33,927 after the Battle of Fallen Timbers. 871 01:00:33,978 --> 01:00:35,848 Now, governor of Indiana 872 01:00:35,893 --> 01:00:38,163 Harrison agrees to the meeting 873 01:00:38,199 --> 01:00:41,199 but his goals could not be more different. 874 01:00:42,116 --> 01:00:43,116 Fire! 875 01:00:48,819 --> 01:00:51,169 William Henry Harrison was committed 876 01:00:51,212 --> 01:00:54,692 to the expansion of the west 877 01:00:54,738 --> 01:00:58,658 putting land into white hands, into US hands. 878 01:00:58,698 --> 01:01:01,138 And he was not scrupulous 879 01:01:01,179 --> 01:01:03,489 in the way he pursued his goals. 880 01:01:33,341 --> 01:01:35,911 Please, have a seat. 881 01:02:05,286 --> 01:02:07,806 How can I help you and the Shawnee? 882 01:02:21,346 --> 01:02:23,566 I am not here for the Shawnee. 883 01:02:23,609 --> 01:02:25,999 I am here on behalf 884 01:02:26,046 --> 01:02:27,866 of the United Indian Nations. 885 01:02:30,224 --> 01:02:33,794 You took our lands from us. We want them back. 886 01:02:40,104 --> 01:02:41,714 I took nothing. 887 01:02:44,717 --> 01:02:46,587 'I negotiated for those lands on behalf' 888 01:02:46,632 --> 01:02:49,162 of the United States Government. 889 01:02:49,200 --> 01:02:51,550 If you don't agree with the terms 890 01:02:51,593 --> 01:02:53,513 then your quarrel is with the chiefs 891 01:02:53,552 --> 01:02:55,862 who signed those treaties.. 892 01:02:55,902 --> 01:02:56,952 ...not with me. 893 01:03:39,598 --> 01:03:42,038 A time for war will soon come. 894 01:03:42,079 --> 01:03:43,859 'But I did not come here today to fight.' 895 01:03:58,008 --> 01:04:00,918 Tecumseh left that first historic meeting 896 01:04:00,967 --> 01:04:03,837 with William Henry Harrison as a realist 897 01:04:03,883 --> 01:04:05,453 who appreciated 898 01:04:05,493 --> 01:04:08,503 that there was going to be 899 01:04:08,540 --> 01:04:10,760 no fair resolution 900 01:04:10,803 --> 01:04:12,153 with the United States 901 01:04:12,196 --> 01:04:14,626 and that conflict was coming. 902 01:04:16,722 --> 01:04:17,772 Determined to win 903 01:04:17,810 --> 01:04:19,900 the inevitable fight to come 904 01:04:19,943 --> 01:04:23,383 Tecumseh doubles his efforts to recruit more warriors. 905 01:04:31,258 --> 01:04:34,038 Knowing the Shawnee leader is absent.. 906 01:04:34,087 --> 01:04:36,307 ...Harrison marches on his capital.. 907 01:04:37,395 --> 01:04:39,695 ...Prophetstown. 908 01:04:39,745 --> 01:04:42,785 Harrison claims that he is going to be 909 01:04:42,835 --> 01:04:44,875 coming to speak in goodwill to them. 910 01:04:48,493 --> 01:04:50,673 But there's every evidence 911 01:04:50,712 --> 01:04:53,412 that he's coming to attack. 912 01:04:53,454 --> 01:04:55,464 He brings over a thousand men. 913 01:04:59,243 --> 01:05:00,773 They are not in any way prepared 914 01:05:00,809 --> 01:05:02,859 to defend themselves from attack. 915 01:05:08,034 --> 01:05:10,784 You, follow him. 916 01:05:10,819 --> 01:05:15,779 Still Harrison proceeds to destroy Prophetstown. 917 01:05:31,014 --> 01:05:33,064 Without orders from Washington 918 01:05:33,103 --> 01:05:36,893 Harrison strikes, reducing the village to ashes. 919 01:05:40,066 --> 01:05:42,196 William Henry Harrison understands, uh 920 01:05:42,242 --> 01:05:45,552 that eliminating Tecumseh will make him a national hero. 921 01:05:45,593 --> 01:05:48,773 You get rid of Prophetstown while Tecumseh is away 922 01:05:48,814 --> 01:05:51,734 and burn down their capital 923 01:05:51,773 --> 01:05:55,083 and fill all of these Indian tribes 924 01:05:55,125 --> 01:05:56,255 with dreaded fear. 925 01:05:58,041 --> 01:05:59,611 To send a clear message 926 01:05:59,651 --> 01:06:02,391 Harrison's men do more than destroy. 927 01:06:02,436 --> 01:06:05,476 They commit acts of unspeakable horror. 928 01:06:05,526 --> 01:06:08,486 He goes to the graves 929 01:06:08,529 --> 01:06:10,049 at Prophetstown 930 01:06:10,096 --> 01:06:12,616 orders his men to dig up the bodies 931 01:06:12,664 --> 01:06:14,234 and mutilate the bodies 932 01:06:14,274 --> 01:06:16,024 and leave the bodies where they lay. 933 01:06:17,408 --> 01:06:19,978 This was unimaginable 934 01:06:20,019 --> 01:06:22,069 psychological warfare. 935 01:06:25,242 --> 01:06:27,812 Known as the Battle of Tippecanoe 936 01:06:27,853 --> 01:06:30,643 it makes Harrison a national figure. 937 01:06:44,261 --> 01:06:47,961 Within days, word of Prophetstown's destruction 938 01:06:48,004 --> 01:06:49,014 reaches Tecumseh.. 939 01:06:50,876 --> 01:06:54,526 ...enraging tribes across the frontier. 940 01:06:54,575 --> 01:06:58,535 It lit a fire under the Native American Alliance 941 01:06:58,579 --> 01:07:00,929 that Tecumseh was already building. 942 01:07:00,973 --> 01:07:03,323 It fueled fury 943 01:07:03,367 --> 01:07:06,757 toward Harrison and toward the United States. 944 01:07:26,303 --> 01:07:28,003 While rallying the Muscogee Nation 945 01:07:28,044 --> 01:07:30,134 in December 1811 946 01:07:30,176 --> 01:07:33,396 Tecumseh tells them his revenge will shake the Earth. 947 01:07:35,051 --> 01:07:36,791 And the next night.. 948 01:07:38,576 --> 01:07:40,446 ...his words seem to come true. 949 01:07:49,282 --> 01:07:51,852 ...Tecumseh's prophecy seems to come true. 950 01:08:14,002 --> 01:08:16,052 The entire frontier is rocked 951 01:08:16,092 --> 01:08:19,052 by three consecutive earthquakes 952 01:08:19,095 --> 01:08:22,045 estimated to be a 7.9 on the Richter scale. 953 01:08:24,665 --> 01:08:27,535 Known as the New Madrid earthquakes 954 01:08:27,581 --> 01:08:28,971 they're strong enough to be felt 955 01:08:29,017 --> 01:08:32,237 in a half-dozen states. 956 01:08:32,282 --> 01:08:35,942 The New Madrid earthquakes were remarkable. 957 01:08:35,981 --> 01:08:38,771 They had tremendous impact. 958 01:08:38,810 --> 01:08:40,420 The Earth behaved in a way 959 01:08:40,464 --> 01:08:41,774 that it hadn't before. 960 01:08:41,813 --> 01:08:43,903 And so, this seemed to be 961 01:08:43,945 --> 01:08:45,025 a supernatural 962 01:08:45,077 --> 01:08:46,637 apocalyptic event. 963 01:08:48,689 --> 01:08:52,079 And that being tied to Tecumseh and his message 964 01:08:52,128 --> 01:08:55,258 gained even more mythical status 965 01:08:55,305 --> 01:08:58,435 for him and for his entire movement. 966 01:09:01,398 --> 01:09:03,968 Empowered by this sign 967 01:09:04,009 --> 01:09:07,319 Tecumseh rallies yet more warriors to his cause. 968 01:09:11,843 --> 01:09:14,193 To ensure victory 969 01:09:14,237 --> 01:09:16,107 Tecumseh now seeks an alliance 970 01:09:16,152 --> 01:09:18,462 with the United States' strongest enemy.. 971 01:09:26,205 --> 01:09:27,505 ...the British. 972 01:09:31,602 --> 01:09:34,212 Tecumseh decides to align himself 973 01:09:34,257 --> 01:09:36,217 and his coalition with the British 974 01:09:36,259 --> 01:09:38,349 because he sees a strategic advantage 975 01:09:38,391 --> 01:09:42,091 not only to end white settler incursion into native lands 976 01:09:42,134 --> 01:09:45,054 but to ultimately be able to take their territory back. 977 01:09:51,709 --> 01:09:53,749 Word of Tecumseh's alliance with Britain 978 01:09:53,798 --> 01:09:56,448 soon reaches Washington 979 01:09:56,496 --> 01:09:58,976 where President James Madison views it 980 01:09:59,020 --> 01:10:01,110 as the latest in an escalating series 981 01:10:01,153 --> 01:10:02,203 of British insults. 982 01:10:04,287 --> 01:10:06,677 Madison believed the British were not treating 983 01:10:06,724 --> 01:10:08,644 the United States with the respect 984 01:10:08,682 --> 01:10:10,552 that the Americans believed that they deserved 985 01:10:10,597 --> 01:10:14,117 as an independent sovereign country. 986 01:10:14,166 --> 01:10:16,906 The British seized American vessels on the high seas 987 01:10:16,951 --> 01:10:19,391 the British seized American sailors 988 01:10:19,432 --> 01:10:21,702 the British armed and provoked 989 01:10:21,739 --> 01:10:23,609 American Indians in the west. 990 01:10:34,665 --> 01:10:37,015 We behold on the side of Great Britain.. 991 01:10:38,277 --> 01:10:40,147 ...a state of war. 992 01:10:41,802 --> 01:10:44,762 On June 18th, 1812 993 01:10:44,805 --> 01:10:48,285 almost 30 years after winning its independence 994 01:10:48,331 --> 01:10:50,681 the United States declares war 995 01:10:50,724 --> 01:10:52,944 on Great Britain. 996 01:10:52,987 --> 01:10:55,287 A lot of people called the war of 1812 997 01:10:55,338 --> 01:10:58,298 the second war for American independence. 998 01:11:00,386 --> 01:11:02,166 The president's first priority 999 01:11:02,214 --> 01:11:05,134 is to send reinforcements to Fort Detroit 1000 01:11:05,173 --> 01:11:08,183 in current-day Michigan. 1001 01:11:08,220 --> 01:11:10,310 It's on the border of British Canada 1002 01:11:10,353 --> 01:11:11,793 and whoever controls it 1003 01:11:11,832 --> 01:11:14,012 controls the American frontier. 1004 01:11:23,061 --> 01:11:25,631 As 200 US troops move north.. 1005 01:11:39,164 --> 01:11:42,564 ...Tecumseh ambushes them with 24 warriors.. 1006 01:11:44,212 --> 01:11:45,782 ...and a clever attack plan. 1007 01:11:48,956 --> 01:11:50,696 One of the hallmarks 1008 01:11:50,741 --> 01:11:53,611 of Tecumseh's military strategy 1009 01:11:53,657 --> 01:11:56,787 was repeatedly making enemies think 1010 01:11:56,834 --> 01:11:59,014 he had far more warriors 1011 01:11:59,053 --> 01:12:01,063 than he actually had. 1012 01:12:01,099 --> 01:12:04,489 He moved them around in such a way 1013 01:12:04,537 --> 01:12:07,107 making noise, kicking up dust 1014 01:12:07,148 --> 01:12:08,718 made it appear that his forces 1015 01:12:08,759 --> 01:12:10,849 were vastly superior in number. 1016 01:12:53,281 --> 01:12:56,461 ...they're ambushed by Tecumseh.. 1017 01:12:56,502 --> 01:12:58,332 ...and 24 warriors. 1018 01:13:22,920 --> 01:13:25,140 Even though he's vastly outnumbered 1019 01:13:25,183 --> 01:13:26,493 Tecumseh prevails. 1020 01:13:29,274 --> 01:13:30,974 And he turns his sights 1021 01:13:31,015 --> 01:13:33,925 to Fort Detroit itself. 1022 01:13:33,974 --> 01:13:36,284 Detroit's pretty important because it's the gateway 1023 01:13:36,324 --> 01:13:38,334 to what's called Upper Canada. 1024 01:13:38,370 --> 01:13:41,200 Basically the area we know as Ontario today. 1025 01:13:43,593 --> 01:13:46,733 Detroit was, uh, the administrative center 1026 01:13:46,770 --> 01:13:48,120 of The Great Lakes. 1027 01:13:48,162 --> 01:13:49,472 So, the control center 1028 01:13:49,512 --> 01:13:51,642 for the entire American west. 1029 01:14:12,448 --> 01:14:16,018 By 1812, Tecumseh is a legend across the frontier. 1030 01:14:17,757 --> 01:14:20,017 And terrified by his reputation 1031 01:14:20,064 --> 01:14:22,024 the soldiers manning the fort 1032 01:14:22,066 --> 01:14:23,716 give up without a fight. 1033 01:14:53,663 --> 01:14:55,403 Because the American commander at Detroit 1034 01:14:55,447 --> 01:14:57,747 was grossly incompetent 1035 01:14:57,797 --> 01:14:59,627 Tecumseh and his British allies 1036 01:14:59,669 --> 01:15:02,109 were able to take the American fort at Detroit 1037 01:15:02,149 --> 01:15:04,459 without firing a single shot. 1038 01:15:07,415 --> 01:15:09,325 With the American surrender 1039 01:15:09,374 --> 01:15:12,554 the British now control the most important fort 1040 01:15:12,595 --> 01:15:13,855 on the frontier. 1041 01:15:30,264 --> 01:15:33,624 After a lifetime of violence under US expansion.. 1042 01:15:39,665 --> 01:15:43,225 ...this is Tecumseh's chance for revenge. 1043 01:15:43,277 --> 01:15:44,577 Please. 1044 01:16:08,259 --> 01:16:11,699 Tecumseh was dedicated not only to the ideal 1045 01:16:11,741 --> 01:16:14,611 of the Shawnee warrior, but to his own 1046 01:16:14,657 --> 01:16:17,047 standard of morality. 1047 01:16:22,012 --> 01:16:25,492 Tecumseh's choice is more than an act of mercy. 1048 01:16:25,537 --> 01:16:27,927 It's a strategic act of diplomacy. 1049 01:16:29,976 --> 01:16:31,756 Tecumseh understood 1050 01:16:31,804 --> 01:16:33,634 that he was essentially fighting 1051 01:16:33,676 --> 01:16:36,156 a defensive war against the forces 1052 01:16:36,200 --> 01:16:38,990 of United States' expansionism. 1053 01:16:39,029 --> 01:16:42,419 He did not want to push the war 1054 01:16:42,467 --> 01:16:45,857 to the depths of barbarity and savagery 1055 01:16:45,905 --> 01:16:48,255 that would have made it impossible for him 1056 01:16:48,299 --> 01:16:51,299 to negotiate at a later time with the United States. 1057 01:16:54,131 --> 01:16:55,701 With the defeat at Fort Detroit.. 1058 01:16:58,004 --> 01:17:01,404 ...Britain claims the Michigan territory for the crown 1059 01:17:01,442 --> 01:17:03,012 and cements their alliance 1060 01:17:03,053 --> 01:17:04,923 with Tecumseh's Pan-Indian nation.. 1061 01:17:06,796 --> 01:17:09,966 ...news that alarms the US Government 1062 01:17:10,016 --> 01:17:12,186 and threatens the young country's future. 1063 01:17:14,804 --> 01:17:16,634 Next time.. 1064 01:17:16,675 --> 01:17:19,675 ...on "The Men Who Built - Frontiersmen.." 1065 01:17:19,722 --> 01:17:23,122 ...in Tennessee, a young general named Andrew Jackson.. 1066 01:17:24,204 --> 01:17:25,684 ...vows to stop Britain 1067 01:17:25,728 --> 01:17:28,428 and her allies... at any cost. 1068 01:17:29,470 --> 01:17:31,730 - Ahh! - Come on, men! 1069 01:17:31,777 --> 01:17:33,947 Andrew Jackson was often thought of as the second coming 1070 01:17:33,997 --> 01:17:35,347 of George Washington. 1071 01:17:35,389 --> 01:17:36,869 George Washington wins independence 1072 01:17:36,913 --> 01:17:38,743 for the United States, Andrew Jackson 1073 01:17:38,784 --> 01:17:40,664 defends independence for the United States. 1074 01:17:40,699 --> 01:17:43,699 Fire! 1075 01:17:43,746 --> 01:17:46,616 He fights with famed frontiersman, Davy Crockett. 1076 01:17:46,662 --> 01:17:49,712 David Crockett looms huge in the notion 1077 01:17:49,752 --> 01:17:51,972 of what the American frontier was. 1078 01:17:52,015 --> 01:17:55,975 He became a symbol of possibility. 1079 01:17:56,019 --> 01:17:58,019 The fate of the United States 1080 01:17:58,064 --> 01:18:01,424 depends on this new generation of frontiersmen. 1081 01:18:01,459 --> 01:18:02,849 Do not test me.