1 00:00:04,561 --> 00:00:07,230 - NARRATOR: America has emerged onto the world stage 2 00:00:08,190 --> 00:00:10,358 rebuilt over the past five decades 3 00:00:11,318 --> 00:00:15,905 by John Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J.P. Morgan. 4 00:00:18,158 --> 00:00:20,243 They've reigned uncontested for years. 5 00:00:23,038 --> 00:00:25,748 Only now the government is cracking down 6 00:00:25,832 --> 00:00:28,251 on big business in a big way. 7 00:00:31,046 --> 00:00:33,923 - (Blues Saraceno playing "Save My Soul") 8 00:00:45,102 --> 00:00:47,103 ♪ When I got to Memphis ♪ 9 00:00:48,230 --> 00:00:49,939 ♪ I put my old baby down ♪ 10 00:00:51,024 --> 00:00:54,235 ♪ He said I can't take you to Heaven ♪ 11 00:00:56,071 --> 00:00:57,989 ♪ I can't save your soul ♪ 12 00:00:59,366 --> 00:01:00,992 ♪ I can't promise forever ♪ 13 00:01:02,035 --> 00:01:03,035 ♪ Whoo ♪ 14 00:01:04,037 --> 00:01:06,831 ♪ With my heart in your hands ♪ 15 00:01:08,125 --> 00:01:12,128 ♪ I can't feel, fell my soul ♪ 16 00:01:25,684 --> 00:01:28,352 - NARRATOR: The case will be the biggest challenge 17 00:01:28,437 --> 00:01:29,520 of Rockefeller's life. 18 00:01:34,443 --> 00:01:37,028 A fight that will determine the future of the country. 19 00:01:39,781 --> 00:01:42,116 As Rockefeller is forced to defend the company 20 00:01:42,200 --> 00:01:44,076 he built from nothing 21 00:01:47,080 --> 00:01:48,539 into one of the most powerful 22 00:01:48,624 --> 00:01:50,166 corporation's on earth. 23 00:01:51,126 --> 00:01:53,377 - Buy now. Buy everything. 24 00:01:55,005 --> 00:01:56,005 Buy the whole company. 25 00:02:00,594 --> 00:02:02,428 - (people murmuring) 26 00:02:02,846 --> 00:02:04,013 - It's Rockefeller. 27 00:02:40,509 --> 00:02:43,135 - The United States versus Standard Oil. 28 00:02:43,804 --> 00:02:45,429 This hearing is now in session. 29 00:02:46,890 --> 00:02:48,057 Please state your name. 30 00:02:49,226 --> 00:02:50,893 - John Rockefeller. 31 00:02:51,311 --> 00:02:54,397 - Mr. Rockefeller, can you tell the court 32 00:02:54,481 --> 00:02:57,149 how in just one year, in 1872, 33 00:02:58,193 --> 00:03:00,611 you acquired all the refineries in Cleveland? 34 00:03:09,037 --> 00:03:09,995 - I don't remember. 35 00:03:10,080 --> 00:03:11,372 - (gasps) - (people murmuring) 36 00:03:11,456 --> 00:03:13,082 - It was 36 years ago. 37 00:03:14,167 --> 00:03:16,919 - You used intimidation to wipe out the competition, 38 00:03:17,003 --> 00:03:18,254 did you not? 39 00:03:18,338 --> 00:03:20,965 I mean, so ruthlessly that it became known 40 00:03:21,049 --> 00:03:22,633 as the Cleveland massacre. 41 00:03:23,677 --> 00:03:25,428 - I don't remember any massacre. 42 00:03:25,512 --> 00:03:27,263 - (people murmuring) 43 00:03:28,640 --> 00:03:31,809 - Are you aware of payments made by Standard 44 00:03:31,893 --> 00:03:36,981 Oil to a Senator, $15,000 to block a bill 45 00:03:37,065 --> 00:03:39,233 hostile to Standard Oil? 46 00:03:41,278 --> 00:03:42,570 - I don't remember. 47 00:03:42,654 --> 00:03:45,281 - We have a list of bribes made by Standard Oil 48 00:03:45,365 --> 00:03:48,075 to politicians between 1903... 49 00:03:48,160 --> 00:03:49,785 - I stepped down as Chief Executive 50 00:03:49,870 --> 00:03:51,746 of Standard Oil in 1902. 51 00:03:52,748 --> 00:03:54,915 I can't answer for any incidents that occurred 52 00:03:55,000 --> 00:03:55,875 after that date. 53 00:03:55,959 --> 00:03:57,960 - You are still President of Standard Oil, 54 00:03:58,044 --> 00:03:59,170 are you not? 55 00:03:59,254 --> 00:04:00,838 - It's an honorary title. 56 00:04:00,922 --> 00:04:03,799 Much like that of President of the United States. 57 00:04:03,884 --> 00:04:05,009 - (laughter) 58 00:04:05,093 --> 00:04:09,722 - Can I remind you Mr. Rockefeller of the seriousness 59 00:04:09,806 --> 00:04:11,849 of the charges brought against you. 60 00:04:14,519 --> 00:04:16,812 - NARRATOR: As John Rockefeller fights to keep 61 00:04:16,897 --> 00:04:21,692 his monopoly intact a new generation of businessmen 62 00:04:21,777 --> 00:04:25,738 is facing a new set of challenges as they struggle 63 00:04:25,822 --> 00:04:28,032 to get their companies off the ground. 64 00:04:29,534 --> 00:04:31,744 - I have set out to build the best motor car 65 00:04:31,828 --> 00:04:33,078 for popular use. 66 00:04:33,789 --> 00:04:37,208 The Ford motor car is durable and light, 67 00:04:37,292 --> 00:04:39,293 weighing only 1,000lbs. 68 00:04:40,003 --> 00:04:43,339 It has a four cylinder engine and is capable 69 00:04:43,423 --> 00:04:45,424 of speeds up to 45 miles an hour. 70 00:04:46,551 --> 00:04:51,263 It is priced at $900 compared to $1 500 71 00:04:51,348 --> 00:04:53,224 for the average licensed car. 72 00:04:53,308 --> 00:04:56,101 Which makes it the first car 73 00:04:56,186 --> 00:04:58,270 affordable for the common man. 74 00:04:59,815 --> 00:05:02,191 - NARRATOR: Young entrepreneur Henry Ford 75 00:05:02,275 --> 00:05:04,235 has created a new kind of car. 76 00:05:04,611 --> 00:05:06,904 But in order to sell it he needs to get permission 77 00:05:06,988 --> 00:05:09,406 from the association of licensed automobile 78 00:05:09,491 --> 00:05:12,910 manufacturers, also known as ALAM. 79 00:05:15,372 --> 00:05:19,458 ALAM owns the patent on the automobile giving them 80 00:05:19,543 --> 00:05:22,753 complete control over who can manufacture and sell cars. 81 00:05:23,839 --> 00:05:26,507 They are, in a sense, a giant car monopoly 82 00:05:28,301 --> 00:05:31,387 and Ford's future now rests in their hands. 83 00:05:31,471 --> 00:05:32,847 - ALAM: Thank you Mr. Ford. 84 00:05:32,931 --> 00:05:34,056 We'll be in touch. 85 00:05:35,100 --> 00:05:36,267 - Thank you, gentleman. 86 00:05:38,895 --> 00:05:40,479 - NARRATOR: Ford is hopeful he'll be approved 87 00:05:40,564 --> 00:05:44,441 by ALAM, allowing him to start his own business 88 00:05:44,526 --> 00:05:47,111 and to pursue his dream for the future 89 00:05:47,195 --> 00:05:48,737 of the car industry. 90 00:05:48,822 --> 00:05:51,156 - When Ford entered the automobile business 91 00:05:51,241 --> 00:05:54,285 people didn't drive their own cars, they had drivers. 92 00:05:54,369 --> 00:05:57,413 And so cars were seen as this luxury item. 93 00:05:57,497 --> 00:06:02,251 Ford's insight was that cars could be an every day item. 94 00:06:02,836 --> 00:06:06,463 They could be very utilitarian so that it was 95 00:06:06,548 --> 00:06:09,383 within the reach of ordinary people. 96 00:06:11,303 --> 00:06:14,179 - NARRATOR: Ford has spent years developing his car 97 00:06:14,264 --> 00:06:15,389 for the common man. 98 00:06:15,974 --> 00:06:19,602 He builds his first model at the age of 33 and calls 99 00:06:19,686 --> 00:06:21,145 it the quadricyle. 100 00:06:22,606 --> 00:06:25,316 But the vehicle is expensive to produce 101 00:06:25,400 --> 00:06:26,942 and prone to breaking down. 102 00:06:29,487 --> 00:06:33,157 Ford's second attempt-- Model A--is much more suited 103 00:06:33,241 --> 00:06:34,742 to the needs of modern America. 104 00:06:38,622 --> 00:06:42,833 But he can't begin selling it without permission from ALAM. 105 00:06:45,962 --> 00:06:49,089 - ALAM was successful in blackmailing 106 00:06:49,174 --> 00:06:52,384 other automobile companies saying, 107 00:06:52,469 --> 00:06:55,387 "you have to be licensed by us or we will sue you. 108 00:06:55,472 --> 00:06:57,014 And we own this patent." 109 00:06:59,768 --> 00:07:01,810 - NARRATOR: After months of deliberation the ALAM 110 00:07:01,895 --> 00:07:03,520 board reaches its decision. 111 00:07:10,654 --> 00:07:13,447 Henry Ford's application is rejected. 112 00:07:14,866 --> 00:07:16,492 It's a crushing blow. 113 00:07:17,160 --> 00:07:19,787 The auto cartel has stopped him in his tracks. 114 00:07:21,247 --> 00:07:24,667 But Henry Ford is determined to show the world 115 00:07:24,751 --> 00:07:27,628 that to succeed in America all you need 116 00:07:27,712 --> 00:07:30,130 is integrity and ingenuity. 117 00:07:37,138 --> 00:07:40,349 The next generation of businessmen is on the rise. 118 00:07:42,102 --> 00:07:45,062 Henry Ford is battling a powerful cartel 119 00:07:45,146 --> 00:07:47,398 for the right to make a car he believes in. 120 00:07:48,858 --> 00:07:51,235 The Association of Licensed Automobiles 121 00:07:51,319 --> 00:07:54,238 manufacturers owns the patent on the automobile 122 00:07:55,615 --> 00:07:58,283 and budding car makers like Henry Ford need 123 00:07:58,368 --> 00:08:00,119 its permission to sell cars. 124 00:08:03,707 --> 00:08:08,002 After being rejected by ALAM, Ford is left with few options 125 00:08:18,555 --> 00:08:20,931 but he isn't about to give up on his dreams. 126 00:08:23,309 --> 00:08:27,104 - Ford thought that the whole thing was ridiculous. 127 00:08:27,188 --> 00:08:30,816 That there could not be a patent on the idea of the automobile. 128 00:08:30,900 --> 00:08:33,318 That the automobile was not the property 129 00:08:33,403 --> 00:08:35,029 of one single individual. 130 00:08:36,948 --> 00:08:39,074 - NARRATOR: Ford is determined to get around 131 00:08:39,159 --> 00:08:41,452 ALAM'S stranglehold on the auto industry. 132 00:08:42,537 --> 00:08:46,540 But he's just one man going up against a virtual monopoly. 133 00:08:47,959 --> 00:08:50,127 If he's going to be a success, without ALAM, 134 00:08:51,963 --> 00:08:54,965 he's going to need to make a name for himself. 135 00:08:55,050 --> 00:08:57,092 - It's a very simple thing on the make or break 136 00:08:57,177 --> 00:09:00,179 decision: it's the gut and that's what separates 137 00:09:00,263 --> 00:09:02,389 the great leaders and the great successes. 138 00:09:02,474 --> 00:09:04,183 And if you can't listen to it and you don't have it, 139 00:09:04,267 --> 00:09:05,726 you're never gonna get it 'cause it's never gonna come 140 00:09:05,810 --> 00:09:06,852 from someplace else. 141 00:09:15,236 --> 00:09:17,821 - NARRATOR: Henry Ford challenges the owner 142 00:09:17,906 --> 00:09:20,449 of the biggest car company in the country to a race. 143 00:09:24,954 --> 00:09:27,956 Alexander Winton is also known as the fastest 144 00:09:28,041 --> 00:09:31,668 driver in America and a prominent member ofALAM. 145 00:09:35,256 --> 00:09:38,342 Beating Winton with a car of his own design has the potential 146 00:09:38,426 --> 00:09:40,844 to give Ford the boost he needs to start 147 00:09:40,929 --> 00:09:42,179 his own company. 148 00:09:44,641 --> 00:09:46,350 There's just one problem, 149 00:09:47,143 --> 00:09:49,520 Henry Ford had never raced a care before. 150 00:09:51,815 --> 00:09:54,191 - It's a David and Goliath scene. 151 00:09:54,275 --> 00:09:56,318 Winton's famous, world record holder, 152 00:09:56,402 --> 00:09:58,070 has this fancy race car. 153 00:09:58,154 --> 00:10:00,197 Ford, the local boy made good. 154 00:11:15,940 --> 00:11:19,234 - NARRATOR: Henry Ford's upset win over the fastest man 155 00:11:19,319 --> 00:11:22,529 in America makes him instantly famous. 156 00:11:24,282 --> 00:11:28,202 - Ford's a hero and this is really the first big time, 157 00:11:28,286 --> 00:11:30,996 I think, that he becomes a celebrity. 158 00:11:31,080 --> 00:11:34,291 The Ford name gets out there and he milks it 159 00:11:34,375 --> 00:11:36,210 for everything that it's worth, 160 00:11:36,294 --> 00:11:38,837 and it was a very crucial part of Ford 161 00:11:38,922 --> 00:11:41,381 getting investors for the Ford Motor Company. 162 00:11:43,426 --> 00:11:48,013 - NARRATOR: Ford raises $28,000--or $700,000 today. 163 00:11:48,097 --> 00:11:51,934 Enough money to build his first factory in Highland Park, 164 00:11:52,018 --> 00:11:57,606 Michigan and before long he's producing 1 5 cars a day, 165 00:11:59,692 --> 00:12:02,527 priced low enough for almost any American. 166 00:12:06,115 --> 00:12:08,116 - When it finally does break through, 167 00:12:08,201 --> 00:12:11,119 it is sort of gratifying because you--you're 168 00:12:11,204 --> 00:12:14,456 starting to see the reality of what you always believe. 169 00:12:14,540 --> 00:12:16,959 That--that the vision you had that someday the world 170 00:12:17,043 --> 00:12:19,336 would be different is starting to move in that direction. 171 00:12:21,130 --> 00:12:24,716 - NARRATOR: Henry Ford's early success puts him on the map. 172 00:12:27,136 --> 00:12:31,598 But ALAM takes notice and hits him with a lawsuit 173 00:12:32,809 --> 00:12:35,644 claiming he's breaching their patent on the automobile. 174 00:12:37,021 --> 00:12:39,523 - You see all these huge conglomerations 175 00:12:39,607 --> 00:12:41,692 suing people over patents. 176 00:12:41,776 --> 00:12:44,111 The big guys are taking advantage of the little guys, 177 00:12:44,195 --> 00:12:46,405 trying to find whatever angle they could 178 00:12:46,489 --> 00:12:47,906 and using their might. 179 00:12:47,991 --> 00:12:50,075 And those with the best tricksters win. 180 00:12:54,455 --> 00:12:57,833 - NARRATOR: While Henry Ford prepares to bring 181 00:12:57,917 --> 00:13:00,669 his fight for the little guy to a Detroit court, 182 00:13:05,300 --> 00:13:07,634 the trial to bring down Standard Oil 183 00:13:07,719 --> 00:13:09,344 is starting to get ugly. 184 00:13:12,098 --> 00:13:14,766 - Mr. Rockefeller, we have evidence that you placed 185 00:13:14,851 --> 00:13:17,561 several refineries out of business. 186 00:13:19,605 --> 00:13:21,064 - Not to my knowledge. 187 00:13:21,983 --> 00:13:25,068 - Do you accept that Standard Oil has enjoyed 188 00:13:25,153 --> 00:13:28,071 profitability higher than most industries? 189 00:13:30,408 --> 00:13:33,827 - Our profitability is no higher than that of US Steel. 190 00:13:35,330 --> 00:13:36,663 I haven't heard of anyone attempting 191 00:13:36,748 --> 00:13:38,373 to break up U.S. Steel. 192 00:13:40,460 --> 00:13:43,420 - NARRATOR: While Rockefeller is fighting 193 00:13:43,504 --> 00:13:44,796 to save his company, 194 00:13:47,300 --> 00:13:50,719 J.P. Morgan has been able to keep his steel monopoly 195 00:13:50,803 --> 00:13:52,596 of the government's hit list. 196 00:13:55,266 --> 00:13:57,934 He's used his power and influence to broker 197 00:13:58,019 --> 00:14:02,564 a number of deals for the nation applying the might 198 00:14:02,648 --> 00:14:05,275 of U.S. Steel to strengthen the country's infrastructure. 199 00:14:08,654 --> 00:14:12,157 But Morgan's biggest deal is just getting started 200 00:14:12,241 --> 00:14:13,700 in Central America. 201 00:14:16,454 --> 00:14:19,498 For years, attempts have been made to build a canal 202 00:14:19,582 --> 00:14:21,750 linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. 203 00:14:24,087 --> 00:14:26,922 Such a canal would cut East to West travel time 204 00:14:27,006 --> 00:14:31,009 in half saving ships over 8,000 miles per trip. 205 00:14:33,471 --> 00:14:37,933 But no one's had the power to make it happen, until now. 206 00:14:40,937 --> 00:14:44,189 J.P. Morgan acts as the middle man for the government 207 00:14:44,273 --> 00:14:47,859 and raises $40 million dollars - OR $7 billion today-- 208 00:14:47,944 --> 00:14:49,403 to get the project started. 209 00:14:53,866 --> 00:14:56,535 The Panama Canal is the most ambitious 210 00:14:56,619 --> 00:14:59,830 construction project the United States has ever undertaken. 211 00:15:01,916 --> 00:15:05,335 Over 75,000 workers labor in brutal heat, 212 00:15:05,837 --> 00:15:07,421 fighting off deadly diseases, 213 00:15:09,507 --> 00:15:13,885 digging a canal 51 miles from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 214 00:15:26,983 --> 00:15:30,485 - To assemble the manpower, the material, 215 00:15:30,570 --> 00:15:33,321 and the finances; to cut a swath through the middle 216 00:15:33,406 --> 00:15:36,450 of Panama and join the Atlantic Ocean with the 217 00:15:36,534 --> 00:15:39,828 Pacific Ocean--only an industrially sophisticated 218 00:15:39,912 --> 00:15:41,121 nation could do that. 219 00:15:42,665 --> 00:15:44,916 - NARRATOR: The Panama Canal embodies everything 220 00:15:45,001 --> 00:15:47,752 that makes America the most powerful country on the planet. 221 00:15:50,339 --> 00:15:52,966 Built on steel, powered by electricity 222 00:15:53,885 --> 00:15:55,218 and running on gasoline. 223 00:15:58,306 --> 00:16:01,391 And it's all made possible due to the financial might 224 00:16:01,476 --> 00:16:03,852 of one of the country's most powerful men. 225 00:16:09,108 --> 00:16:11,985 But the age of the monopoly is still on trial 226 00:16:13,988 --> 00:16:16,615 and the unchallenged power the Titans have used 227 00:16:16,699 --> 00:16:20,911 to amass their empires is not going to last forever. 228 00:16:29,545 --> 00:16:32,672 Decades of unprecedented growth have transformed 229 00:16:32,757 --> 00:16:34,925 America into an industrial super power. 230 00:16:38,012 --> 00:16:40,096 The change has been driven by some of the largest 231 00:16:40,181 --> 00:16:42,224 companies the world has ever seen: 232 00:16:43,893 --> 00:16:44,893 U.S. Steel, 233 00:16:47,980 --> 00:16:51,107 Standard Oil and General Electric. 234 00:16:54,070 --> 00:16:55,987 But it also comes with a cost. 235 00:16:57,490 --> 00:17:00,116 Workers are outraged over dangerous conditions 236 00:17:00,201 --> 00:17:02,118 at factories across the country. 237 00:17:02,203 --> 00:17:04,454 - Nobody will break us! Nobody! 238 00:17:06,165 --> 00:17:08,375 - NARRATOR: And the gap between the rich and the poor 239 00:17:08,459 --> 00:17:10,377 is bigger than it's ever been. 240 00:17:11,295 --> 00:17:14,297 Many are convinced that America's largest companies 241 00:17:14,382 --> 00:17:16,007 are holding the country back. 242 00:17:16,717 --> 00:17:19,427 The age of monopoly is under threat. 243 00:17:20,846 --> 00:17:22,556 - I hate monopolists. 244 00:17:22,640 --> 00:17:24,933 I fought monopolists all my life. 245 00:17:25,017 --> 00:17:27,852 I always wanted an even playing field, 246 00:17:27,937 --> 00:17:30,981 but I had to fight for an even playing field for myself. 247 00:17:38,281 --> 00:17:42,409 - NARRATOR: Over a 40 year career John Rockefeller 248 00:17:42,493 --> 00:17:45,579 used innovation and ingenuity to create 249 00:17:45,663 --> 00:17:48,873 a corporate empire unlike any the world has ever seen. 250 00:17:52,336 --> 00:17:54,296 But he was also notoriously ruthless 251 00:17:56,173 --> 00:17:58,550 and many believe he went too far. 252 00:18:00,261 --> 00:18:02,178 For John D. Rockefeller, 253 00:18:02,263 --> 00:18:05,307 judgment day is here in what's become 254 00:18:05,391 --> 00:18:10,186 the trial of the century: The People versus Standard Oil. 255 00:18:14,233 --> 00:18:16,901 - The picture painted of Standard Oil 256 00:18:16,986 --> 00:18:18,069 is a depressing one. 257 00:18:19,071 --> 00:18:23,116 No trust in the history ofAmerica has been 258 00:18:23,200 --> 00:18:26,536 so destructive in its pursuit of profit. 259 00:18:28,748 --> 00:18:33,001 Time and time again we have heard how Standard Oil 260 00:18:33,085 --> 00:18:35,545 has used secret kickbacks from the 261 00:18:35,630 --> 00:18:39,799 railroads, been routinely engaged in predatory 262 00:18:39,884 --> 00:18:45,305 pricing, used intimidation and exclusive sales 263 00:18:45,389 --> 00:18:49,142 territories to put refineries out of business. 264 00:18:52,063 --> 00:18:55,982 For over thirty years, Standard Oil has been 265 00:18:56,067 --> 00:19:01,404 on a mission to crush its competition and establish 266 00:19:01,489 --> 00:19:06,159 itself as a monopoly to hoist up the price of kerosene. 267 00:19:09,997 --> 00:19:14,501 Mr. Rockefeller, before the court renders its decision, 268 00:19:16,379 --> 00:19:18,296 do you have anything you wish to say? 269 00:19:27,640 --> 00:19:32,102 - When I came into the oil industry, there was chaos. 270 00:19:33,521 --> 00:19:34,771 I brought order. 271 00:19:35,856 --> 00:19:39,192 I took a second rate, inefficient market 272 00:19:39,276 --> 00:19:40,735 and built an industry. 273 00:19:42,697 --> 00:19:44,948 It was done the way it was because that's the way 274 00:19:45,032 --> 00:19:46,157 it had to be done. 275 00:19:47,910 --> 00:19:51,830 No one complained when I brought light into every home. 276 00:19:52,873 --> 00:19:56,209 No one complained when I provided thousands ofjobs, 277 00:19:56,293 --> 00:19:58,211 or millions of dollars from exports. 278 00:19:59,422 --> 00:20:02,173 Oil is what this country runs on. 279 00:20:05,177 --> 00:20:10,432 You call it monopoly, I call it enterprise. 280 00:20:10,891 --> 00:20:14,436 - (people murmuring) 281 00:20:14,520 --> 00:20:18,898 - Now, you tell me, why am I here? 282 00:20:21,444 --> 00:20:24,446 - (gavel bangs) - (people murmuring) 283 00:20:29,493 --> 00:20:32,078 - NARRATOR: As the court adjourns to deliberate 284 00:20:33,581 --> 00:20:36,249 Rockefeller can only await his company's fate. 285 00:20:46,761 --> 00:20:51,014 Hundreds of miles away a new kind of businessman, 286 00:20:51,098 --> 00:20:53,308 Henry Ford, also waits. 287 00:20:55,519 --> 00:20:58,396 A panel of federal judges will decide whether Ford 288 00:20:58,481 --> 00:21:00,607 can continue to freely manufacture 289 00:21:00,691 --> 00:21:02,734 and sell his model A car. 290 00:21:05,613 --> 00:21:07,655 The association of licensed automobile 291 00:21:07,740 --> 00:21:10,617 manufacturers is suing Ford for a royalty on 292 00:21:10,701 --> 00:21:12,202 every car he sells. 293 00:21:17,666 --> 00:21:20,543 Ford knows those royalties would drive up the cost 294 00:21:20,628 --> 00:21:23,213 of his car putting it out of the reach 295 00:21:23,297 --> 00:21:24,798 for the average consumer. 296 00:21:26,217 --> 00:21:28,843 For most early car makers, the lawsuit would be 297 00:21:28,928 --> 00:21:33,181 a devastating setback, but for Ford it's something 298 00:21:33,265 --> 00:21:35,517 different--an opportunity. 299 00:21:36,393 --> 00:21:38,436 - People react to failure in one of two ways. 300 00:21:38,521 --> 00:21:41,731 Either they get scared and give up. 301 00:21:42,483 --> 00:21:45,985 Or they take that failure that--as a learning 302 00:21:46,070 --> 00:21:48,446 experience and they kind of use that experience 303 00:21:48,531 --> 00:21:50,740 to redouble their efforts. 304 00:21:54,036 --> 00:21:56,454 - Ford is convinced the era of unchecked 305 00:21:56,539 --> 00:21:57,789 monopolies is over. 306 00:21:59,124 --> 00:22:02,085 So as his lawsuit winds its way through court 307 00:22:02,837 --> 00:22:06,297 he openly defies the order from ALAM and continues 308 00:22:06,382 --> 00:22:08,216 building and selling his cars. 309 00:22:10,636 --> 00:22:12,929 He believes there's a better way to conduct 310 00:22:13,013 --> 00:22:15,682 business in America and he's determined 311 00:22:15,766 --> 00:22:17,350 to make it a reality. 312 00:22:19,061 --> 00:22:21,646 - Henry Ford was able to position himself 313 00:22:21,730 --> 00:22:25,316 as an anti-monopolist, really in a certain way, 314 00:22:25,401 --> 00:22:28,319 as a kind of antithesis of the Rockefellers 315 00:22:28,404 --> 00:22:29,821 and the Carnegies. 316 00:22:29,905 --> 00:22:33,408 He is a kind of heroic individual entrepreneur, 317 00:22:33,492 --> 00:22:35,535 who believed in competition, 318 00:22:35,619 --> 00:22:37,745 who believed in developing a product 319 00:22:37,830 --> 00:22:39,706 and bringing it to the people. 320 00:22:39,790 --> 00:22:42,292 - NARRATOR: Ford begins paying his workers 321 00:22:42,376 --> 00:22:44,711 a livable wage, $5 per day, 322 00:22:46,797 --> 00:22:49,507 more than double the rate of most U.S. factories. 323 00:22:52,219 --> 00:22:55,221 But Ford isn't just paying his workers better, 324 00:22:55,306 --> 00:22:57,348 he's also getting more out of them. 325 00:22:59,059 --> 00:23:01,728 He innovates a new system for producing cars. 326 00:23:02,813 --> 00:23:05,440 Rather than hand crafting each car one at a time, 327 00:23:06,650 --> 00:23:08,943 his are assembled by a line of workers, 328 00:23:09,028 --> 00:23:10,361 piece by piece. 329 00:23:11,488 --> 00:23:13,406 It's called the assembly line 330 00:23:14,867 --> 00:23:17,285 and it completely changes manufacturing forever. 331 00:23:20,122 --> 00:23:23,249 - Ford didn't invent mass production. 332 00:23:24,209 --> 00:23:26,586 But he perfected mass production. 333 00:23:26,670 --> 00:23:29,255 He understood that a complicated product 334 00:23:29,340 --> 00:23:34,177 like an automobile could be simplified and could be 335 00:23:34,261 --> 00:23:38,056 made less expensive if the same thing was produced 336 00:23:38,140 --> 00:23:39,682 again and again and again. 337 00:23:43,520 --> 00:23:45,104 - NARRATOR: Using the assembly line, 338 00:23:45,189 --> 00:23:47,857 Ford workers can build cars up to 8 times faster 339 00:23:47,942 --> 00:23:50,568 than any other automobile factory in the world. 340 00:23:53,072 --> 00:23:55,490 What once took 12 hours to assemble, 341 00:23:55,574 --> 00:23:57,450 now takes an hour and a half. 342 00:23:58,827 --> 00:24:01,287 The innovation allows Ford to standardize 343 00:24:01,372 --> 00:24:02,705 the 8-hour workday, 344 00:24:04,291 --> 00:24:05,541 5 days per week. 345 00:24:09,380 --> 00:24:11,422 But for Ford to continue to innovate, 346 00:24:11,507 --> 00:24:13,257 he'll need to win his lawsuit. 347 00:24:15,177 --> 00:24:17,470 His fate, like John Rockefeller's, 348 00:24:17,554 --> 00:24:19,722 now rests in the hands of a federal court. 349 00:24:22,059 --> 00:24:24,936 Henry Ford and John D. Rockefeller 350 00:24:25,020 --> 00:24:26,854 are two American icons, 351 00:24:27,523 --> 00:24:28,731 from different generations, 352 00:24:31,819 --> 00:24:34,529 on opposing sides of battle for the country's future. 353 00:24:37,533 --> 00:24:40,910 As the verdicts come in, American business 354 00:24:40,995 --> 00:24:42,578 will never be the same. 355 00:24:50,004 --> 00:24:53,589 America is becoming the most powerful nation on earth. 356 00:24:54,133 --> 00:24:57,051 Transformed from a post-civil war wasteland 357 00:24:57,136 --> 00:24:58,469 into a budding superpower 358 00:25:01,390 --> 00:25:03,099 by a group of visionaries 359 00:25:03,183 --> 00:25:07,270 who battled the impossible to build unimaginable 360 00:25:07,354 --> 00:25:11,733 empires that have brought the country into the 20th century. 361 00:25:13,986 --> 00:25:15,903 - With all the great entrepreneurs, 362 00:25:15,988 --> 00:25:17,947 it was a mix of believing in an idea, 363 00:25:18,032 --> 00:25:20,199 but they also recognized that they had to do 364 00:25:20,284 --> 00:25:22,535 some things to take that idea and make it real. 365 00:25:31,128 --> 00:25:33,504 - NARRATOR: After decades of doing whatever it took 366 00:25:33,589 --> 00:25:35,381 to crush the competition, 367 00:25:36,759 --> 00:25:40,303 John D. Rockefeller is fighting to save the company he built 368 00:25:40,387 --> 00:25:42,638 from nothing into one of the largest 369 00:25:42,723 --> 00:25:45,308 and most dominating corporations on the planet. 370 00:25:46,977 --> 00:25:50,021 - Big business is a dangerous thing 371 00:25:50,105 --> 00:25:53,066 in the eyes of many because of the power it wields. 372 00:25:55,527 --> 00:25:58,071 - JUDGE: The U.S. government Versus Standard Oil. 373 00:25:59,073 --> 00:26:01,657 - NARRATOR: The biggest anti-trust trial 374 00:26:01,742 --> 00:26:03,951 of all time is about to reach a verdict. 375 00:26:06,789 --> 00:26:09,665 444 witnesses have taken the stand, 376 00:26:10,667 --> 00:26:13,628 12,000 pages of testimony have been recorded, 377 00:26:13,712 --> 00:26:16,464 but in the end it all comes down 378 00:26:16,548 --> 00:26:18,382 to the testimony of one man. 379 00:26:20,010 --> 00:26:22,386 ROCKEFELLER: You call it monopoly, 380 00:26:22,471 --> 00:26:24,097 I call it enterprise. 381 00:26:25,766 --> 00:26:27,767 - NARRATOR: John Rockefeller has done 382 00:26:27,851 --> 00:26:30,478 all he can to keep his monopoly intact, 383 00:26:33,357 --> 00:26:36,359 but the fate of Standard Oil is out of his control. 384 00:26:40,114 --> 00:26:43,199 JUDGE: In the case of the United States against 385 00:26:43,283 --> 00:26:46,077 the Standard Oil Company, this hearing 386 00:26:46,161 --> 00:26:47,954 has reached a decision. 387 00:26:51,208 --> 00:26:55,128 This court determines against the Standard Oil Trust 388 00:26:55,212 --> 00:26:59,215 on account of its unreasonable business practices, 389 00:26:59,299 --> 00:27:03,511 which are in violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. 390 00:27:04,388 --> 00:27:05,763 The Standard Oil Trust 391 00:27:08,308 --> 00:27:10,434 must be broken up within six months. 392 00:27:11,228 --> 00:27:14,438 - (gavel bangs) - (people murmuring) 393 00:27:21,446 --> 00:27:23,656 - (people talking) 394 00:27:29,621 --> 00:27:32,373 - REPORTER: Is this the end of Standard Oil? 395 00:27:36,420 --> 00:27:38,504 - NARRATOR: John Rockefeller's Standard Oil 396 00:27:38,589 --> 00:27:40,464 is completely dismantled, 397 00:27:42,968 --> 00:27:45,803 broken up into 34 smaller companies. 398 00:27:47,014 --> 00:27:49,765 The age of the monopoly is over. 399 00:27:56,773 --> 00:27:59,233 The takedown of Standard Oil bodes well 400 00:27:59,318 --> 00:28:02,486 for the rising guard of a new generation of businessman-- 401 00:28:04,615 --> 00:28:06,574 most of all Henry Ford. 402 00:28:10,287 --> 00:28:12,622 Ford awaits the future of his company. 403 00:28:13,665 --> 00:28:16,500 After the powerful auto Cartel, ALAM, 404 00:28:16,585 --> 00:28:18,711 charged him with breaching their patent 405 00:28:18,795 --> 00:28:22,590 on the automobile and tried to shut him down. 406 00:28:25,385 --> 00:28:28,012 It's a potentially life-changing moment 407 00:28:28,680 --> 00:28:31,724 not just for Ford, but for the future 408 00:28:31,808 --> 00:28:33,643 of every industry in the country. 409 00:28:37,439 --> 00:28:40,816 In a surprise decision, the court rules 410 00:28:40,901 --> 00:28:42,735 in favor of Henry Ford. 411 00:28:46,240 --> 00:28:49,617 ALAM has no legal claim to the design of the car. 412 00:28:52,371 --> 00:28:56,874 Henry Ford is free to innovate without repercussion. 413 00:28:57,376 --> 00:28:58,793 - Well, guys, that was it. 414 00:28:58,877 --> 00:29:00,378 Let's go sell some cars. 415 00:29:03,006 --> 00:29:05,883 - NARRATOR: Ford's dream is made a reality. 416 00:29:05,968 --> 00:29:08,261 The car belongs to everyone. 417 00:29:09,930 --> 00:29:13,099 - Ford's success put him forward in American life 418 00:29:13,183 --> 00:29:16,560 as a new kind of businessman but, 419 00:29:16,645 --> 00:29:20,648 in crucial ways, unlike Rockefeller or Carnegie 420 00:29:20,732 --> 00:29:23,693 he wasn't trying to gain a monopoly. 421 00:29:23,777 --> 00:29:26,487 He was trying to bring a product to the people. 422 00:29:26,571 --> 00:29:29,198 The American population ate this up and they made 423 00:29:29,283 --> 00:29:31,534 Henry Ford a kind of folk hero. 424 00:29:34,037 --> 00:29:36,622 - NARRATOR: Ford seizes the momentum 425 00:29:36,707 --> 00:29:39,292 and his factories go into overdrive. 426 00:29:40,168 --> 00:29:42,712 His assembly lines starts producing a revolutionary 427 00:29:42,796 --> 00:29:44,380 new car at a record rate. 428 00:29:45,382 --> 00:29:50,803 It's called the Model T and it costs only $825. 429 00:29:52,472 --> 00:29:56,809 For the first time, a car the common man can afford. 430 00:30:00,355 --> 00:30:03,733 - Henry Ford created what became the most important 431 00:30:03,817 --> 00:30:05,985 industry in the American economy. 432 00:30:06,737 --> 00:30:09,822 He had no idea of the enormous impact it would 433 00:30:09,906 --> 00:30:12,450 have on almost every sector ofAmerican life. 434 00:30:14,244 --> 00:30:18,331 He literally changed America, the way we live, 435 00:30:18,415 --> 00:30:22,835 the way we do things, and the way we go about our business. 436 00:30:24,713 --> 00:30:27,840 Ford's reputation won't always be so positive, 437 00:30:29,301 --> 00:30:32,178 but his revolution inspires an entire generation 438 00:30:32,262 --> 00:30:34,472 of visionaries who will transform 439 00:30:34,556 --> 00:30:36,390 the fabric ofAmerican life. 440 00:30:39,144 --> 00:30:42,563 Childhood friends William Harley and Arthur Davidson 441 00:30:42,647 --> 00:30:46,067 attach an engine to a bicycle and begin selling 442 00:30:46,151 --> 00:30:47,902 motorcycles to the masses. 443 00:30:51,114 --> 00:30:53,949 Milton Hershey applies Henry Ford's assembly line 444 00:30:54,034 --> 00:30:56,869 model to the mass production of chocolate. 445 00:31:00,123 --> 00:31:02,208 Chicago merchant, William Wrigley 446 00:31:02,292 --> 00:31:04,460 takes his chewing gum national 447 00:31:07,631 --> 00:31:09,006 and in Hollywood, 448 00:31:09,091 --> 00:31:11,258 Polish immigrant, Max Factor, 449 00:31:11,343 --> 00:31:14,261 begins distributing cosmetics for movie stars 450 00:31:14,346 --> 00:31:17,264 to drug stores across the country inventing 451 00:31:17,349 --> 00:31:20,726 a completely new consumer product--make-up. 452 00:31:22,354 --> 00:31:25,147 This new breed of businessman is doing 453 00:31:25,232 --> 00:31:26,732 things a different way. 454 00:31:29,194 --> 00:31:31,362 They're creating products for the masses, 455 00:31:32,572 --> 00:31:35,366 while paying their employees a livable wage. 456 00:31:36,701 --> 00:31:38,702 With safe working conditions 457 00:31:38,787 --> 00:31:41,247 and a standard 40-hour work week. 458 00:31:43,875 --> 00:31:47,420 The era of Rockefeller, Carnegie and Morgan looks 459 00:31:47,504 --> 00:31:49,338 like it may have come to an end. 460 00:31:52,426 --> 00:31:55,136 But America's three most powerful men 461 00:31:55,220 --> 00:31:57,430 are just as relevant as ever before. 462 00:32:08,692 --> 00:32:10,651 Standard Oil gasoline stations 463 00:32:10,735 --> 00:32:14,780 appear across the country fueling Henry Ford's cars, 464 00:32:20,996 --> 00:32:23,414 cars that are built using Carnegie's steel 465 00:32:25,500 --> 00:32:28,419 in factories powered by J.P. Morgan's electricity. 466 00:32:31,923 --> 00:32:34,008 The new breed of businessman may be doing 467 00:32:34,092 --> 00:32:36,343 things different from their predecessors 468 00:32:36,428 --> 00:32:39,138 but their innovations wouldn't be possible without 469 00:32:39,222 --> 00:32:43,434 the groundwork laid by men like Cornelius Vanderbilt, 470 00:32:44,895 --> 00:32:47,396 Andrew Carnegie, J.P. Morgan 471 00:32:49,065 --> 00:32:50,983 and John D. Rockefeller. 472 00:32:53,612 --> 00:32:56,405 The result is broad prosperity shared 473 00:32:56,490 --> 00:32:59,909 throughout the country and perhaps America's greatest 474 00:32:59,993 --> 00:33:04,580 innovation yet, a thriving and prosperous middle class. 475 00:33:08,168 --> 00:33:11,170 - The Industrial Revolution created 476 00:33:11,254 --> 00:33:13,255 the development of the middle class. 477 00:33:15,175 --> 00:33:18,511 It created wealth that we never 478 00:33:18,595 --> 00:33:20,679 would've imagined possible before. 479 00:33:25,352 --> 00:33:26,936 - NARRATOR: John Rockefeller 480 00:33:27,020 --> 00:33:28,771 may have lost his court case, 481 00:33:32,234 --> 00:33:35,444 but the smaller companies created from Standard Oil 482 00:33:35,529 --> 00:33:36,820 will go on to become 483 00:33:36,905 --> 00:33:40,199 corporate giants with names like Exxon, 484 00:33:40,283 --> 00:33:41,909 Mobil and Chevron 485 00:33:43,745 --> 00:33:45,037 and John Rockefeller 486 00:33:45,121 --> 00:33:47,248 is a shareholder in each new company. 487 00:33:48,833 --> 00:33:50,417 - It's ironic, isn't it? 488 00:33:50,502 --> 00:33:53,629 I mean, it's a great moment in American history 489 00:33:53,713 --> 00:33:55,798 and it established the principle 490 00:33:55,882 --> 00:33:58,884 that monopolistic practices should not be for the future 491 00:33:58,969 --> 00:34:00,886 and that sounds really good. 492 00:34:00,971 --> 00:34:02,930 Except now they were all separate 493 00:34:03,014 --> 00:34:06,517 and my great grandfather had large amounts of stock 494 00:34:06,601 --> 00:34:07,476 in every one of them. 495 00:34:07,561 --> 00:34:09,812 He made more money than he ever made in his life. 496 00:34:11,356 --> 00:34:13,566 The effect on John D. Rockefeller 497 00:34:13,650 --> 00:34:16,068 was absolutely blissful from his point of view. 498 00:34:18,113 --> 00:34:19,446 - NARRATOR: Even in defeat, 499 00:34:19,531 --> 00:34:22,241 John Rockefeller becomes the richest man in the history 500 00:34:22,325 --> 00:34:24,743 of the world with a net worth of almost 501 00:34:24,828 --> 00:34:28,163 $660 billion dollars in today's money. 502 00:34:32,419 --> 00:34:35,170 With the stranglehold of the monopolies over, 503 00:34:35,255 --> 00:34:38,882 Americans now realize that anything is possible 504 00:34:38,967 --> 00:34:40,593 as long as they work together. 505 00:34:41,970 --> 00:34:44,680 The nation is more powerful than ever 506 00:34:44,764 --> 00:34:46,974 and that power will soon be needed. 507 00:35:01,448 --> 00:35:04,116 On a brisk spring morning, two years after 508 00:35:04,200 --> 00:35:08,871 the breakup of standard oil, John Rockefeller joins 509 00:35:08,955 --> 00:35:12,583 his old rival Andrew Carnegie to mourn the loss 510 00:35:12,667 --> 00:35:14,168 of one of their own. 511 00:35:19,215 --> 00:35:22,092 Less than a month from his 76TH birthday, 512 00:35:22,177 --> 00:35:24,136 J.P. Morgan dies in his sleep. 513 00:35:27,891 --> 00:35:31,393 Morgan leaves such a mark on American finance 514 00:35:31,478 --> 00:35:34,146 that the New York Stock Exchange shuts down, 515 00:35:35,732 --> 00:35:39,193 an honor normally reserved for the passing of a president. 516 00:35:41,488 --> 00:35:45,074 - J.P. Morgan certainly was the foremost name in banking 517 00:35:45,158 --> 00:35:47,409 in terms of creating modern finance... 518 00:35:48,119 --> 00:35:53,040 and you can't have a modern economy without a modern, 519 00:35:53,124 --> 00:35:55,376 effective functioning banking system. 520 00:35:56,878 --> 00:36:01,799 He was as influential as any of the Titans of that day. 521 00:36:09,724 --> 00:36:11,767 - NARRATOR: While the old rivals once saw each other 522 00:36:11,851 --> 00:36:13,769 as cutthroat competitors 523 00:36:16,773 --> 00:36:20,359 now, in their twilight years, the fathers of American business 524 00:36:20,443 --> 00:36:22,486 have found a mutual respect. 525 00:36:30,286 --> 00:36:32,079 For Rockefeller and Carnegie, 526 00:36:32,163 --> 00:36:34,289 Morgan's passing is a reminder-- 527 00:36:36,459 --> 00:36:37,793 time is running short 528 00:36:39,504 --> 00:36:41,839 and the realization triggers a new contest. 529 00:36:44,092 --> 00:36:47,219 No longer is their competition about who makes more money, 530 00:36:50,056 --> 00:36:53,559 now the question is who can give more away. 531 00:36:56,563 --> 00:36:58,939 - Andrew Carnegie was the first of the big 532 00:36:59,023 --> 00:37:01,316 capitalists of this era to be bitten by 533 00:37:01,401 --> 00:37:03,444 the philanthropy bug. 534 00:37:04,446 --> 00:37:08,574 He decided that he was going to use his wealth 535 00:37:08,658 --> 00:37:11,785 to good purpose and he said that a man who dies rich 536 00:37:11,870 --> 00:37:13,287 dies disgraced. 537 00:37:14,330 --> 00:37:16,707 - Andrew Carnegie was not a very popular man 538 00:37:16,791 --> 00:37:21,003 among his millionaire friends because he demanded 539 00:37:21,087 --> 00:37:25,174 that the millionaire has to give away all of his money. 540 00:37:26,718 --> 00:37:29,219 - There's nothing wrong with making a lot of money. 541 00:37:29,304 --> 00:37:32,723 Making money is fun. I enjoy that very much. 542 00:37:32,807 --> 00:37:36,143 But I enjoy giving away money, even more so. 543 00:37:37,520 --> 00:37:40,898 - Carnegie gives away more than $350 million dollars 544 00:37:40,982 --> 00:37:42,983 - $67 billion, today. 545 00:37:44,861 --> 00:37:48,363 Most goes to education and his favorite cause--libraries. 546 00:37:49,699 --> 00:37:52,910 As more than 2,500 "Carnegie libraries" 547 00:37:52,994 --> 00:37:55,996 are built in 49 states and around the world. 548 00:37:58,666 --> 00:38:01,794 But even in this contest Carnegie will be bested 549 00:38:01,878 --> 00:38:02,961 by his old rival. 550 00:38:05,757 --> 00:38:09,009 John Rockefeller will outlive Carnegie by 13 years. 551 00:38:10,512 --> 00:38:13,680 That time--and his greater worth--allows him 552 00:38:13,765 --> 00:38:16,642 to give away more money than Carnegie Is ever able to. 553 00:38:20,063 --> 00:38:23,482 Throughout his life Rockefeller has donated millions-- 554 00:38:23,566 --> 00:38:25,651 to his church and numerous universities. 555 00:38:31,241 --> 00:38:34,618 At the age of 73, he creates the Rockefeller 556 00:38:34,702 --> 00:38:38,914 foundation with a personal endowment of $100 million 557 00:38:38,998 --> 00:38:42,709 dollars--the equivalent of 38 billion today. 558 00:38:44,796 --> 00:38:47,172 That money will go on to advance public health 559 00:38:47,257 --> 00:38:49,341 around the world for decades. 560 00:38:50,969 --> 00:38:54,805 - My great-grandfather, he went full bore into philanthropy. 561 00:38:55,682 --> 00:38:59,560 Whether that was a duty under a sort of a Baptist stricture, 562 00:38:59,644 --> 00:39:02,104 or whether it just came pouring out of him, 563 00:39:02,188 --> 00:39:03,772 I'm just not sure. 564 00:39:04,315 --> 00:39:06,024 But it doesn't make any difference, he did it. 565 00:39:07,443 --> 00:39:09,319 - NARRATOR: John Rockefeller will live to be 566 00:39:09,404 --> 00:39:14,575 97 years old and gives away more $530 million dollars 567 00:39:14,659 --> 00:39:15,993 in his lifetime. 568 00:39:16,911 --> 00:39:21,123 Gifts that, today, would total over 100 billion. 569 00:39:21,666 --> 00:39:24,585 - I look at Carnegie, I look at what Rockefeller did 570 00:39:24,669 --> 00:39:26,503 and I revere these people--for the second half 571 00:39:26,588 --> 00:39:28,881 of their lives-- and they certainly are, 572 00:39:28,965 --> 00:39:33,427 they're inspirations to people who have managed 573 00:39:33,511 --> 00:39:35,804 to be able to accumulate some wealth and want to be able 574 00:39:35,889 --> 00:39:38,307 to say, you know what, I now want to help others. 575 00:39:41,227 --> 00:39:42,936 - NARRATOR: As the nation heads deeper into 576 00:39:43,021 --> 00:39:46,565 the 20TH century, millions ofAmericans, 577 00:39:46,649 --> 00:39:49,776 for the first time ever, are able to take part 578 00:39:49,861 --> 00:39:51,153 in the American dream, 579 00:39:51,946 --> 00:39:55,365 employed in well-paid and safe jobs. 580 00:39:56,075 --> 00:39:59,244 Manufacturing products they themselves can now afford. 581 00:40:00,163 --> 00:40:03,582 The country is united with a robust economy 582 00:40:03,666 --> 00:40:06,293 that benefits not just the rich, but everyone. 583 00:40:09,964 --> 00:40:11,798 It's the beginning of one of the longest periods 584 00:40:11,883 --> 00:40:14,301 of prosperity America will ever see. 585 00:40:16,721 --> 00:40:20,599 - It wasn't by accident that the 20th century became, 586 00:40:20,683 --> 00:40:22,893 you know, the American century. 587 00:40:22,977 --> 00:40:26,605 America made the greatest strides in terms 588 00:40:26,689 --> 00:40:29,733 of harnessing these new technologies. 589 00:40:29,817 --> 00:40:33,028 We simply could out produce any other nation 590 00:40:33,112 --> 00:40:36,198 in this world by the time the 20th century rolled around. 591 00:40:36,282 --> 00:40:39,159 And that clearly put us in a position 592 00:40:39,243 --> 00:40:41,578 to drive the global agenda. 593 00:40:42,080 --> 00:40:44,498 It was on the back of the Industrial Revolution. 594 00:40:46,459 --> 00:40:49,252 - NARRATOR: But as World War I breaks out in Europe, 595 00:40:49,337 --> 00:40:50,963 the world looks for help. 596 00:40:52,173 --> 00:40:53,840 It looks to America. 597 00:40:57,178 --> 00:41:01,139 Just 50 years removed from the ashes of the Civil War, 598 00:41:01,224 --> 00:41:03,809 America has become a global super power. 599 00:41:05,895 --> 00:41:09,815 By April of 1917, the country enters the war 600 00:41:09,899 --> 00:41:13,110 sending troops, supplies and weapons. 601 00:41:17,073 --> 00:41:19,950 Resources that will help bring peace to the world. 602 00:41:27,333 --> 00:41:30,210 But those resources would have never been possible 603 00:41:30,294 --> 00:41:32,838 without the contributions of a small group 604 00:41:32,922 --> 00:41:34,256 of visionary men. 605 00:41:35,466 --> 00:41:37,592 Men who sparked a revolution 606 00:41:37,677 --> 00:41:39,761 that forever changed America. 607 00:41:40,805 --> 00:41:43,598 - America was transformed 608 00:41:44,976 --> 00:41:46,977 by the vision, 609 00:41:48,229 --> 00:41:52,274 the incredible hard work and determination, 610 00:41:52,358 --> 00:41:55,652 and the willingness to take big risks 611 00:41:55,737 --> 00:41:57,863 that these men display. 612 00:41:58,740 --> 00:42:01,408 There is also no question that these men 613 00:42:01,492 --> 00:42:05,120 could not have done what they did anywhere else but America, 614 00:42:05,204 --> 00:42:09,583 because this place allows more people to dream 615 00:42:09,667 --> 00:42:11,960 than any other place in the world. 616 00:42:12,045 --> 00:42:15,005 All that matters is how big do you want to dream 617 00:42:15,089 --> 00:42:16,757 and how hard do you want to work? 618 00:42:23,056 --> 00:42:26,516 - NARRATOR: From a broken country into the most powerful 619 00:42:26,601 --> 00:42:29,686 nation on Earth, they didn't discover 620 00:42:29,771 --> 00:42:33,273 this modern America, they built it.