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This little island,
with an area of only 2 square kilometers...

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00:00:21,613 --> 00:00:24,032
... cost more than 4,000 lives.

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00:00:24,949 --> 00:00:26,200
This is Tarawa...

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00:00:26,409 --> 00:00:28,911
... the typical place of some of the
the most concentrated battles of the war...

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00:00:29,120 --> 00:00:32,248
... through which the Americans pushed them on
Japanese back, from island to island...

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00:00:32,457 --> 00:00:33,791
... along the entire Pacific.

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00:00:42,383 --> 00:00:51,017
THE WORLD AT WAR

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23. The Pacific Ocean

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00:01:06,741 --> 00:01:15,083
February 1942 - July 1945

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Translation and adaptation:
Mihai Dumitra�cu - Klaxxy

11
00:01:43,778 --> 00:01:45,238
In February 1942...

12
00:01:45,780 --> 00:01:49,617
... the Japanese bombers attacked
Australian continent.

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00:01:52,120 --> 00:01:55,790
The attack temporarily immobilized
naval base in Darwin.

14
00:01:56,082 --> 00:01:58,167
Correlated with ``Japanese progress''
through New Guinea...

15
00:01:58,376 --> 00:02:01,296
... some Australians feared that this
it will be the beginning of a new invasion...

16
00:02:01,504 --> 00:02:03,589
... but the Japanese army and navy...

17
00:02:03,798 --> 00:02:05,383
... they were not capable of such an action.

18
00:02:05,550 --> 00:02:08,177
Their plans to conquer Australia
were abandoned.

19
00:02:11,514 --> 00:02:14,642
The Japanese had overextended themselves.

20
00:02:15,393 --> 00:02:17,770
in terrible conditions
of the New Guinea jungle...

21
00:02:17,979 --> 00:02:20,148
... the Australians, with the help
ever greater of americans...

22
00:02:20,273 --> 00:02:24,235
... they stopped the ``Japanese advance'' towards
vital base at Port Moresby.

23
00:02:25,278 --> 00:02:28,615
The Allies counterattacked along
"Kokoda Trail" (Kokoda Trail).

24
00:02:31,034 --> 00:02:33,828
Tropical diseases caused
as many losses...

25
00:02:34,037 --> 00:02:35,496
... like the bullets of the Japanese.

26
00:02:49,177 --> 00:02:52,930
At the end of 1942, the threat
Japanese over lost Australia.

27
00:02:53,640 --> 00:02:56,267
The conditions were ready
for a long and hard fight...

28
00:02:56,434 --> 00:02:59,479
... to oblige the Japanese
to retreat to their native land.

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00:03:00,605 --> 00:03:04,275
The allied offensive was led, separately,
of two rival commanders:

30
00:03:04,901 --> 00:03:07,820
... General Douglas MacArthur
In the Pacific Southwest...

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00:03:08,655 --> 00:03:11,366
... and Admiral Chester Nimitz
in the center of the Pacific.

32
00:03:12,700 --> 00:03:16,579
The American strategy was to attack
on two fronts an enemy...

33
00:03:16,704 --> 00:03:18,247
... who had extended his conquests...

34
00:03:18,456 --> 00:03:21,876
... for thousands of square kilometers
of territories and water.

35
00:03:22,835 --> 00:03:26,881
MacArthur was to attack the islands
Solomon and New Guinea...

36
00:03:27,298 --> 00:03:28,549
... reaching the Philippines.

37
00:03:29,300 --> 00:03:31,177
The forces under the command of Nimitz...

38
00:03:31,302 --> 00:03:34,722
... they had to make a series of jumps
giants, conquering one island after another:

39
00:03:35,473 --> 00:03:39,310
... Marshall Islands, Mariana Islands,
Iwo Jima and Okinawa.

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00:03:40,561 --> 00:03:43,815
the beginning was made, in November 1943,
In the Gilberts Archipelago...

41
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... on the Island of Tarawa.

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Each of you is much better
than a "G�lbejit" (Jap).

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00:03:54,117 --> 00:03:56,828
So much better from a physical point of view
as well as psychically.

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00:03:57,453 --> 00:04:00,373
You have the best weapons,
you will have the best support.

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00:04:00,581 --> 00:04:04,752
However, you can be knocked down
if you will accept his hand-to-hand combat.

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00:04:06,212 --> 00:04:08,840
I want to repeat to you
what the General said:

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00:04:09,257 --> 00:04:13,094
... "The risk increases if you want
to capture prisoners...

48
00:04:13,428 --> 00:04:14,679
... so you better not do it!"

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00:04:25,607 --> 00:04:30,612
The first objective of the Armada led by
Admiral Nimitz, Tarawa Atoll...

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... had become a Japanese stronghold...

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00:04:32,780 --> 00:04:36,868
... from which planes could take off
to attack the United States fleet.

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00:04:37,076 --> 00:04:39,037
Tarawa had to be conquered.

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00:04:39,787 --> 00:04:43,124
It was for the first time
when a sea attack was launched...

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00:04:43,333 --> 00:04:46,961
... against a well-defended atoll
And well protected by a coral reef.

55
00:05:05,229 --> 00:05:09,192
None of the 5,000 marines
from the first wave of attack he had no idea...

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00:05:09,317 --> 00:05:11,986
... regarding the strength of the defense on Tarawa.

57
00:05:13,488 --> 00:05:17,450
I thought so, just aiming the guns
eventually, we will demolish everything.

58
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I thought we wouldn't find it
not a soul alive on the island.

59
00:05:23,247 --> 00:05:24,916
I remember we were saying:

60
00:05:25,458 --> 00:05:28,670
... "This will be the easiest landing
ever done by us."

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00:05:31,714 --> 00:05:34,008
We said to ourselves: "It is needed here
just two people.

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One with a gun,
another with a notepad.

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00:05:37,261 --> 00:05:39,639
One to draw, the other to take notes,
to be able to tell..

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00:05:42,350 --> 00:05:43,810
It will be very easy!"

65
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I turned to the major on deck
In front of me I said:

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00:05:50,692 --> 00:05:53,820
"Some of our boys
they don't seem to be feeling very well today".

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00:05:54,028 --> 00:05:57,365
He answered:
"Don't you see those are our bombs?"

68
00:05:57,573 --> 00:06:00,285
I repeated saying
that we are bombarded...

69
00:06:00,493 --> 00:06:03,204
... and that means there are more
some Japanese on Tarawa.

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00:06:07,166 --> 00:06:11,337
We were all convinced
that we will easily beat the Japanese.

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00:06:12,171 --> 00:06:14,048
The Marines shouldn't have
to have problems with them...

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... as soon as I could
let's set foot on the beach.

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00:06:32,400 --> 00:06:36,154
We keep repeating that the island has only
800 meters long...

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00:06:36,362 --> 00:06:39,907
... and the 20,000 soldiers brought
for the attack represents a huge number.

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00:06:49,000 --> 00:06:52,420
The yellow ones attacked us from the front,
from behind, from all sides.

76
00:07:05,350 --> 00:07:10,355
We had been told that we would conquer the island
in a very short time...

77
00:07:11,105 --> 00:07:12,440
... but it had become obvious...

78
00:07:13,066 --> 00:07:16,194
... a few hours after landing,
that it won't be like that.

79
00:07:28,915 --> 00:07:32,377
The trenches had been plugged
of bombings.

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00:07:32,543 --> 00:07:35,797
the next morning,
just 20 meters from me...

81
00:07:36,005 --> 00:07:37,882
... I saw the Japanese
waiting for others.

82
00:07:39,217 --> 00:07:42,679
They are digging in the sand, right under our noses.

83
00:07:51,562 --> 00:07:53,731
The battle took place, fiercely,
for three days...

84
00:07:53,940 --> 00:07:58,111
... the Japanese defending and retreating
to one of the ends of the island.

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00:08:45,783 --> 00:08:48,286
Japanese commanders
had stated that Tarawa...

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00:08:48,453 --> 00:08:51,205
... will not be able to be conquered� 
not even in 100 years.

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00:08:52,540 --> 00:08:54,125
Imagine what it was like...

88
00:08:55,251 --> 00:08:56,919
... with 6,000 deaths...

89
00:08:58,588 --> 00:09:00,882
... on an island�� 
also dimensions...

90
00:09:01,799 --> 00:09:04,427
... and was only one degree away
of the equator...

91
00:09:05,261 --> 00:09:07,138
... with the heat specific to the place...

92
00:09:07,764 --> 00:09:11,643
... imagine what it smelled like
at the end of the two days...

93
00:09:12,060 --> 00:09:14,520
... from rotting meat.

94
00:09:14,979 --> 00:09:19,442
It mixes with the sweet smell
of decaying atolls...

95
00:09:22,070 --> 00:09:24,948
... it was something that has never been seen before
throughout the war...

96
00:09:25,156 --> 00:09:28,409
... because he has never met anywhere else
such a density of deaths.

97
00:09:33,831 --> 00:09:39,045
When it was all over, out of 3,000
17 more Japanese people lived.

98
00:09:40,505 --> 00:09:44,592
The Americans had over 1,000 deaths
and over 2,000 injured.

99
00:09:47,720 --> 00:09:50,306
Public opinion in the United States
was thrown...

100
00:09:50,515 --> 00:09:53,017
... when he found out about the big number
of human losses...

101
00:09:53,226 --> 00:09:55,520
... in such a short time.

102
00:09:58,648 --> 00:10:00,108
After the conquest of Tarawe...

103
00:10:00,316 --> 00:10:03,778
... for�ele americane de invazie
they headed for the Mariana Islands...

104
00:10:03,945 --> 00:10:06,155
... to Saipan, Tinian and Guam.

105
00:10:06,864 --> 00:10:09,492
The naval force protecting the landings...

106
00:10:09,701 --> 00:10:12,203
... was placed west of Saipan.

107
00:10:13,454 --> 00:10:15,623
From Okinawa he approached,
In June 1944...

108
00:10:15,873 --> 00:10:18,042
... The Japanese attack fleet...

109
00:10:18,251 --> 00:10:21,462
... hoping to achieve naval success
to turn the tide of the war.

110
00:10:27,719 --> 00:10:29,095
Soon, with the help of radar...

111
00:10:29,304 --> 00:10:33,141
... the Americans discovered
that they are followed by the Japanese.

112
00:10:44,944 --> 00:10:47,655
All American fighter jets,
available, were lifted into the air...

113
00:10:47,864 --> 00:10:51,618
... to counter the waves of attack
of embarked Japanese aviation.

114
00:11:27,278 --> 00:11:30,698
Many Japanese pilots were poorly trained,
no combat experience.

115
00:11:35,119 --> 00:11:37,372
Their planes were poorly protected.

116
00:11:40,541 --> 00:11:43,878
For American pilots
knocking down their opponents...

117
00:11:44,170 --> 00:11:46,673
... a fost la fel de u�oar� 
like a turkey hunt.

118
00:12:07,235 --> 00:12:11,406
After the first confrontation, only one plane
American did not return from the mission.

119
00:12:38,266 --> 00:12:41,436
With full ammunition and fuel restored,
Americans were ready...

120
00:12:41,603 --> 00:12:43,688
... for the next move
of the Japanese.

121
00:12:43,938 --> 00:12:46,190
They had to do it
two more strong attacks.

122
00:12:46,441 --> 00:12:49,861
Anyway, the Americans had almost
900 planes on aircraft carriers...

123
00:12:50,194 --> 00:12:52,280
... twice as much
than the Japanese.

124
00:12:57,160 --> 00:13:00,371
Mariana Islands Attack
it had only lasted eight hours.

125
00:13:03,124 --> 00:13:05,501
in a single day
Japanese Air Force...

126
00:13:05,627 --> 00:13:07,795
... had been, virtually, destroyed�.

127
00:13:08,546 --> 00:13:12,800
From the initial number of 430 planes
there were only about 100 left.

128
00:13:25,104 --> 00:13:27,315
American losses were very low.

129
00:13:28,316 --> 00:13:30,944
For them, pillows were more important
than their fighter planes.

130
00:14:04,435 --> 00:14:07,522
At the end of the day, the Americans had won
air battle...

131
00:14:07,772 --> 00:14:09,941
... but they kept trying
to locate the Japanese fleet...

132
00:14:10,024 --> 00:14:11,693
... now in retirement.

133
00:14:16,197 --> 00:14:20,034
The next day the Americans continued
to look for the enemy's position.

134
00:14:44,350 --> 00:14:48,229
Only at the end of the afternoon the planes
they found the Japanese Attack Fleet...

135
00:14:48,313 --> 00:14:49,647
... located over 200 nautical miles...

136
00:14:49,772 --> 00:14:53,401
... at the limit of the range of action
of embarked American bombers.

137
00:14:53,651 --> 00:14:55,820
Nevertheless the order was given:
"Attack!"

138
00:15:19,510 --> 00:15:22,513
Left at dusk, the main goal
of American planes...

139
00:15:22,722 --> 00:15:26,059
... was the Japanese fleet of aircraft carriers,
which was quite affected�.

140
00:15:39,948 --> 00:15:42,951
An aircraft carrier was sunk
and two others damaged.

141
00:15:43,451 --> 00:15:44,827
That great naval battle...

142
00:15:45,036 --> 00:15:47,872
... in which no ship fought
directly against another ship...

143
00:15:48,164 --> 00:15:51,084
... finished with the decrease to 35
of the number of Japanese planes...

144
00:15:51,501 --> 00:15:54,295
... and with the withdrawal of the fleet
at its bases in Japan.

145
00:16:00,802 --> 00:16:02,136
American planes...

146
00:16:02,345 --> 00:16:05,807
... were now faced with the problem
returning to their aircraft carriers.

147
00:16:07,892 --> 00:16:10,270
The decision to attack meant...

148
00:16:10,395 --> 00:16:13,898
... for the planes to run out of fuel
on the way back.

149
00:16:17,068 --> 00:16:18,903
They were the first to return
fighter jets...

150
00:16:19,028 --> 00:16:21,322
... which had protected the attack force.

151
00:16:53,771 --> 00:16:55,940
Aiming at the dark
it was difficult anyway.

152
00:16:56,149 --> 00:17:00,111
But now the planes had to
and find the aircraft carriers first...

153
00:17:00,320 --> 00:17:02,280
... in a night as dark as ink.

154
00:17:02,614 --> 00:17:04,782
Some did not manage to do it.

155
00:17:55,500 --> 00:17:59,337
was probably
the darkest night of my life...

156
00:17:59,754 --> 00:18:01,214
... but also from all over the ocean.

157
00:18:01,339 --> 00:18:04,258
We were flying at 2,000 meters...

158
00:18:04,676 --> 00:18:07,178
... optimal altitude
to save fuel...

159
00:18:07,262 --> 00:18:09,138
... and the night was black as hell...

160
00:18:09,764 --> 00:18:12,350
... and I couldn't hear anything else,
than us...

161
00:18:12,809 --> 00:18:15,520
... what's our name...

162
00:18:15,603 --> 00:18:18,314
... through radio communications:

163
00:18:18,731 --> 00:18:21,150
..." I'm trying to Americanize.
We ran out of fuel."

164
00:18:21,442 --> 00:18:25,196
I constantly heard,
until the last torpedo plane...

165
00:18:25,405 --> 00:18:28,116
... who had participated in the attack,
how it falls into the water.

166
00:18:28,324 --> 00:18:31,035
I think we are
100 miles from aircraft carriers...

167
00:18:31,244 --> 00:18:32,912
... and the birds were shouting:

168
00:18:33,121 --> 00:18:37,292
... "Here it is..."
I forgot the signs...

169
00:18:38,960 --> 00:18:40,837
... "I'm collapsing!
We ran out of fuel."

170
00:18:43,047 --> 00:18:47,093
then silence
until we found our fleet.

171
00:18:47,719 --> 00:18:52,515
Then I saw what our fleet was doing...

172
00:18:52,724 --> 00:18:56,269
... how the recovery process was going.
I had never seen anything like that before.

173
00:18:56,477 --> 00:18:58,896
The ships were sailing
with all the lights on...

174
00:18:58,980 --> 00:19:01,983
... a prohibited procedure,
pentru c� puteau fi detectate u�or.

175
00:19:02,317 --> 00:19:05,236
But Admiral Mitscher did not understand
the difficulties of pitching in the dark...

176
00:19:05,445 --> 00:19:08,656
... without fuel and without enough time
to search for aircraft carriers.

177
00:19:08,906 --> 00:19:11,993
This decision was made
And forwarded to all the aircraft carriers...

178
00:19:12,243 --> 00:19:13,661
... and these turned on all the lights.

179
00:19:18,583 --> 00:19:22,337
The next day, the American fleet
saved the vast majority...

180
00:19:22,420 --> 00:19:25,882
... of the crews of the planes that
they had been forced to Americanize.

181
00:19:26,299 --> 00:19:28,801
Victory in the Philippine Sea
being assured...

182
00:19:29,093 --> 00:19:31,596
... landing in the Mariana Islands
could go on...

183
00:19:31,721 --> 00:19:34,349
... without any interference
of the Japanese Navy.

184
00:19:47,153 --> 00:19:50,907
At the cost of the death of 3,000 Americans
Saipan surrendered.

185
00:19:58,289 --> 00:20:00,375
Tinian was not as strongly defended.

186
00:20:01,334 --> 00:20:03,419
In Guam, the fighting lasted three weeks.

187
00:20:17,475 --> 00:20:19,269
Coming from the Mariana Islands
And advancing westward...

188
00:20:19,560 --> 00:20:22,480
... an American amphibious force
was placed by Nimitz...

189
00:20:22,605 --> 00:20:23,856
...under the command of MacArthur...

190
00:20:24,065 --> 00:20:26,901
... a measure by which it is shown
that the two rivals began to collaborate.

191
00:20:27,068 --> 00:20:29,570
The first objective was the Palau Archipelago.

192
00:20:29,779 --> 00:20:32,615
He had to be captured
Before the invasion of the Philippines.

193
00:20:44,919 --> 00:20:46,379
in one of the islands of the archipelago,
in Peleliu...

194
00:20:46,462 --> 00:20:49,424
... the Americans met, once again,
a great resistance��...

195
00:20:49,507 --> 00:20:52,218
... of an impressive concentration
of 10,000 Japanese soldiers.

196
00:21:05,356 --> 00:21:07,859
Once disembarking
Americans on the beach...

197
00:21:07,984 --> 00:21:12,030
... the Japanese retreated into a labyrinth
of caves and tunnels.

198
00:22:08,962 --> 00:22:11,464
The Americans had to fight
for every inch of land...

199
00:22:11,673 --> 00:22:14,592
... against a determined enemy
to fight to the death.

200
00:22:21,182 --> 00:22:22,850
In the bloody battle of Peleliu...

201
00:22:22,934 --> 00:22:26,688
... four out of ten Americans died
or were injured.

202
00:22:41,077 --> 00:22:45,248
It took months until
And the last Japanese was eliminated.

203
00:22:55,133 --> 00:22:58,803
There were no easy victories
in the pacific islands.

204
00:22:59,721 --> 00:23:01,222
Some of the Marines
who died...

205
00:23:01,389 --> 00:23:04,434
... could be identified
only after fingerprints.

206
00:23:10,690 --> 00:23:12,567
On October 20, 1944...

207
00:23:12,984 --> 00:23:15,486
... Mac Arthur kept his promise:

208
00:23:15,820 --> 00:23:17,905
... "I will return to the Philippines!"

209
00:23:19,324 --> 00:23:21,951
The disembarkation took place practically
without opposition...

210
00:23:22,160 --> 00:23:25,997
... the Japanese being gathered
in the main defense points...

211
00:23:26,331 --> 00:23:29,459
... but the invasion unleashed one of the
the most complex and the biggest...

212
00:23:29,667 --> 00:23:31,252
... naval battles in history.

213
00:23:31,336 --> 00:23:34,881
Battle of Leyte Gulf
it lasted four days.

214
00:23:35,506 --> 00:23:38,426
Four Japanese forces
they headed for the philippines...

215
00:23:38,635 --> 00:23:41,554
... coming from Borneo, Formosa (Taiwan)
and Japan.

216
00:23:42,597 --> 00:23:45,934
The Americans had two fleets:
The Third Fleet and the Seventh Fleet.

217
00:23:46,684 --> 00:23:49,896
The objective of the Japanese was
to destroy American ships...

218
00:23:50,104 --> 00:23:51,564
... located in Leyte Gulf.

219
00:23:52,106 --> 00:23:54,192
After a series of confusing encounters...

220
00:23:54,359 --> 00:23:55,735
...hundreds of kilometers from each other...

221
00:23:55,944 --> 00:23:58,655
... Imperial Japanese Navy
suffered heavy losses.

222
00:23:59,614 --> 00:24:02,700
It ceased to exist
a real naval force.

223
00:24:10,750 --> 00:24:14,921
On land, torrential rains
they delayed MacArthur's attack...

224
00:24:15,046 --> 00:24:18,883
... against the approximately 400,000
by soldiers of the Japanese army.

225
00:24:21,302 --> 00:24:25,223
In February 1945, three months after
landing in Leyte Gulf...

226
00:24:25,556 --> 00:24:29,227
... the Americans tried
the capital of the Philippines, Manila.

227
00:24:41,614 --> 00:24:43,992
For the first time
during the war in the pacific...

228
00:24:44,242 --> 00:24:47,870
... the Americans were fighting for conquest
a great city.

229
00:25:07,765 --> 00:25:11,227
The battle was fought street by street,
house by house.

230
00:25:24,574 --> 00:25:26,451
Many civilians lost their lives.

231
00:25:27,076 --> 00:25:29,454
Many were executed by the Japanese,
during withdrawal.

232
00:25:53,770 --> 00:25:56,397
It was the second moment of glory
of MacArthur:

233
00:25:56,481 --> 00:25:58,775
... his return
in the capital of the Philippines.

234
00:26:02,236 --> 00:26:05,156
The Americans fell prisoners
during the Japanese invasion...

235
00:26:05,448 --> 00:26:08,576
... were released,
after three years of captivity.

236
00:26:34,018 --> 00:26:35,687
With the conquest of the Philippines...

237
00:26:35,770 --> 00:26:38,189
... supply routes
with raw materials...

238
00:26:38,398 --> 00:26:40,608
... of Japanese industry
were cut.

239
00:26:40,900 --> 00:26:44,529
The Japanese commanders understood,
when they lost the philippines...

240
00:26:44,862 --> 00:26:46,614
... that, in fact, they lost the war.

241
00:26:54,372 --> 00:26:56,457
After release, revenge.

242
00:26:56,874 --> 00:27:00,712
Payment of the debt of the accused Filipinos
of collaboration...

243
00:27:00,920 --> 00:27:03,006
... over the years
of Japanese occupation...

244
00:27:03,214 --> 00:27:05,508
... had reached Soroc.

245
00:27:36,914 --> 00:27:38,875
February, 1945.

246
00:27:39,709 --> 00:27:43,171
Iwo Jima,
13 km of volcanic rock...

247
00:27:43,254 --> 00:27:45,757
... found out, however, only
1,100 km from the coast of Japan...

248
00:27:45,965 --> 00:27:49,510
... was the next target
in the Central Pacific.

249
00:27:50,762 --> 00:27:53,056
Leaving Iwo Jima,
American bombers...

250
00:27:53,264 --> 00:27:56,517
... they could easily attack�� 
Japanese cities.

251
00:27:57,226 --> 00:27:59,729
From the dominant peaks
of Mount Suribachi...

252
00:27:59,938 --> 00:28:03,775
... the Japanese could practically see
everything that moves on Iwo Jima.

253
00:28:04,734 --> 00:28:07,779
Once again, the Japanese forces
had been placed inside...

254
00:28:07,946 --> 00:28:09,614
... away from the landing beaches.

255
00:28:11,950 --> 00:28:13,910
For 76 days
before landing...

256
00:28:14,118 --> 00:28:17,121
... the Americans bombed Iwo Jima
from the sea and from the air.

257
00:28:24,128 --> 00:28:27,465
The desolate, extremely dry places...

258
00:28:29,550 --> 00:28:31,010
... they were, in fact, hiding a nightmare.

259
00:28:31,219 --> 00:28:33,221
Everything resembled hell on Earth.

260
00:28:33,513 --> 00:28:37,141
If hell exists somewhere,
then of course it's on Iwo Jima.

261
00:28:43,815 --> 00:28:47,485
When we went down to the landing craft,
I felt fear.

262
00:28:48,236 --> 00:28:50,822
We were afraid until we reached the beaches.

263
00:28:53,741 --> 00:28:56,661
I knew we could be killed...

264
00:28:56,869 --> 00:28:59,580
... and I had received instructions to do so
to kill if we want not to be killed.

265
00:28:59,789 --> 00:29:02,583
Either we or the Japanese could be there.
One way or another, we couldn't be together.

266
00:29:03,418 --> 00:29:06,045
When you face
with such a situation...

267
00:29:07,297 --> 00:29:09,591
... and when you are still young
(I was only 19)...

268
00:29:11,050 --> 00:29:12,302
... everything seems confused.

269
00:29:12,719 --> 00:29:17,098
We had been trained in the Marine Corps
to receive orders and carry them out...

270
00:29:17,932 --> 00:29:20,768
... but we were also people...

271
00:29:21,060 --> 00:29:22,854
... and I was only 19 or 20 years old.

272
00:29:23,021 --> 00:29:26,691
On those heights they had many
only 18, 19 or 20 years old.

273
00:29:34,532 --> 00:29:37,952
People have faith that
Marines are superhumans...

274
00:29:38,036 --> 00:29:40,121
... but I don't think I was there
marine rifles...

275
00:29:40,246 --> 00:29:43,374
... in landing craft
we were all afraid...

276
00:29:43,458 --> 00:29:45,376
... including the officers.

277
00:29:57,347 --> 00:30:00,266
They taught us about marine rifles
to hate the Japanese...

278
00:30:00,475 --> 00:30:02,769
... to detest them, because they were animals.

279
00:30:02,977 --> 00:30:05,480
we were human
they were animals.

280
00:30:05,813 --> 00:30:11,402
But it must be said that they
they really wanted to die for the king.

281
00:30:12,070 --> 00:30:14,656
They knew we didn't want to die
for our President.

282
00:30:14,864 --> 00:30:18,826
When, in the fight, you face
an individual who wants to die...

283
00:30:19,035 --> 00:30:20,912
... not death is important...

284
00:30:21,663 --> 00:30:25,083
... but the conflict between beliefs
ours. We wanted to live.

285
00:30:25,166 --> 00:30:28,336
I wanted to kill them
And let's survive.

286
00:30:34,759 --> 00:30:36,552
We had to keep our heads down...

287
00:30:36,678 --> 00:30:39,681
... because above us they were flying
all kinds of projectiles.

288
00:30:39,889 --> 00:30:45,103
We were afraid that any of them
we could never...

289
00:30:45,311 --> 00:30:49,691
... that's why we wanted to jump into the water
with all the equipment on us.

290
00:30:50,733 --> 00:30:53,861
Where to shelter
after I put the last straw?

291
00:30:54,070 --> 00:30:56,698
It was like hell there.

292
00:31:16,718 --> 00:31:21,889
I arrived on the island, I saw
sand and ashes, but not a bit of life.

293
00:31:23,391 --> 00:31:26,394
The truth that it was hell,
that's all and nothing more.

294
00:31:35,069 --> 00:31:36,738
I arrived at the beach.

295
00:31:37,864 --> 00:31:42,452
There was a small lift nearby
and we all rushed there...

296
00:31:42,744 --> 00:31:45,788
... because the bombing
he was very strong...

297
00:31:46,623 --> 00:31:51,085
... and whoever arrived on the beach
he was immediately targeted.

298
00:31:59,344 --> 00:32:02,263
I was young then.
It was the fourth landing in which we participated.

299
00:32:02,472 --> 00:32:05,266
I was 18 years old.
At the first landing I was 16 years old.

300
00:32:12,273 --> 00:32:16,778
They located us quickly
And they started shooting systematically...

301
00:32:16,945 --> 00:32:19,781
... on every man who arrived
on the line of ��rm.

302
00:32:20,198 --> 00:32:22,367
Some could not avoid it.

303
00:32:22,617 --> 00:32:24,577
It was a huge slaughter.

304
00:32:25,411 --> 00:32:29,582
We were prisoners on that tongue of earth
And we couldn't get out of there.

305
00:32:30,124 --> 00:32:31,960
We couldn't leave the beach.

306
00:32:32,377 --> 00:32:34,170
When I arrived at the beach...

307
00:32:35,964 --> 00:32:38,967
... the scene was depressing.

308
00:32:39,717 --> 00:32:42,720
We broke down mentally seeing...

309
00:32:42,929 --> 00:32:45,848
... our people, our comrades
dying in such a way.

310
00:32:46,057 --> 00:32:51,062
between the shores of the sea
and the beginning of the hills...

311
00:32:52,522 --> 00:32:55,566
... it was a huge number
of bodies, scattered everywhere.

312
00:33:14,335 --> 00:33:16,296
I advanced about...

313
00:33:17,672 --> 00:33:19,757
... say, 300 meters.

314
00:33:21,092 --> 00:33:25,263
As much as the Japanese let us advance.

315
00:33:29,517 --> 00:33:31,519
We could not advance on the island.

316
00:33:32,437 --> 00:33:36,608
I was already there the first night
too many people.

317
00:33:37,859 --> 00:33:41,863
No one could advance to the island
on the first night.

318
00:33:49,037 --> 00:33:51,539
From the open trenches
from Mount Surabachi...

319
00:33:51,748 --> 00:33:54,667
... the Japanese commanders conducted
focul artileriei lor.

320
00:33:59,881 --> 00:34:02,592
Our preliminary bombardment
failed...

321
00:34:02,717 --> 00:34:05,929
... in an attempt to destroy
fortifica�iile japonezilor.

322
00:34:06,638 --> 00:34:08,723
They only managed to hit
every time...

323
00:34:08,973 --> 00:34:10,725
... on our soldiers, sheltered on the ground.

324
00:34:11,351 --> 00:34:14,270
It took much longer
to control Iwo Jima...

325
00:34:14,395 --> 00:34:17,065
... than the five days foreseen
by the American command.

326
00:34:27,075 --> 00:34:30,536
There is no vegetation at all.

327
00:34:31,663 --> 00:34:33,164
We woke up in the morning...

328
00:34:33,456 --> 00:34:36,918
... and I saw that on the huge stretch
of "No Man's Land"...

329
00:34:37,210 --> 00:34:41,256
... they were just craters from which they rose
vapors and gases to the sky.

330
00:34:41,506 --> 00:34:44,842
I used the cardboard
from food ration boxes...

331
00:34:45,009 --> 00:34:47,011
... to close the shelters...

332
00:34:47,095 --> 00:34:49,013
... let's not burn our skin.

333
00:34:52,934 --> 00:34:55,853
If Hell exists,
surely�� then I crossed it.

334
00:34:56,813 --> 00:35:00,358
If I'm going to be punished, it won't scare me anymore
the thought of ever being sent to hell.

335
00:35:00,566 --> 00:35:01,818
I've already been there.

336
00:35:15,790 --> 00:35:18,918
A young man came and told me
that he is married, has a family.

337
00:35:19,043 --> 00:35:20,795
I didn't know him...

338
00:35:21,004 --> 00:35:24,132
... then I saw him for the first time
and I said:

339
00:35:24,340 --> 00:35:28,094
... "We have mortars, we are all healthy,
we shouldn't have any problems."

340
00:35:28,219 --> 00:35:32,557
Before the end of the day, he is half
in my company there were dead.

341
00:35:37,145 --> 00:35:41,649
We should have become insensitive
at the sight and smell of the dead...

342
00:35:41,858 --> 00:35:45,486
... but this could not happen:
they were our friends.

343
00:35:45,612 --> 00:35:48,740
This was the most terrible thing
at Iwo Jima.

344
00:35:49,365 --> 00:35:53,745
If I remembered all the tragedy there,
a� �crazy.

345
00:35:53,953 --> 00:35:55,913
We were not able to get over it.

346
00:35:56,039 --> 00:35:58,541
We wanted to get out of there.

347
00:35:59,042 --> 00:36:00,501
I was scared and...

348
00:36:00,627 --> 00:36:03,338
... but we continue to hope
that we will escape from there.

349
00:36:43,586 --> 00:36:47,465
It was the most confusing situation
that I have ever met.

350
00:36:47,548 --> 00:36:49,842
I don't know who is in charge there...

351
00:36:49,968 --> 00:36:53,596
... but he probably assumes it
the biggest risk of all.

352
00:37:01,396 --> 00:37:03,398
In those moments everything seemed confused...

353
00:37:03,481 --> 00:37:06,734
... but organizing the supply
for the attacking troops...

354
00:37:06,943 --> 00:37:10,071
... was, for sure,
the deciding factor...

355
00:37:10,196 --> 00:37:12,991
... of America's victories over
Japan, still from Pearl Harbor:

356
00:37:13,199 --> 00:37:15,576
... her crushing industrial force.

357
00:37:22,792 --> 00:37:25,712
Crazy thoughts crossed your mind
through the hands of soldiers.

358
00:37:26,004 --> 00:37:29,257
It could mean an injury
the final departure from that hell.

359
00:38:07,128 --> 00:38:08,671
inside the island...

360
00:38:08,880 --> 00:38:12,008
... to Iwo Jima, he was going
another kind of battle.

361
00:38:31,611 --> 00:38:34,405
Day after day the Americans advanced,
step by step...

362
00:38:34,656 --> 00:38:38,076
... to the Japanese who preferred
to die rather than surrender.

363
00:38:38,409 --> 00:38:40,495
Their bosses expected the Americans...

364
00:38:40,662 --> 00:38:43,706
... be discouraged because of it
great losses of human life.

365
00:38:44,332 --> 00:38:47,460
God! in Iwo
he fought hand to hand.

366
00:38:47,877 --> 00:38:51,839
Most of the time I didn't know
what awaits us in a cave.

367
00:38:52,048 --> 00:38:53,508
We enter the grotto...

368
00:38:53,716 --> 00:38:57,345
... - we lost many people
in such actions -...

369
00:38:57,762 --> 00:39:00,807
... we enter the grotto and fight
with whoever is there.

370
00:39:01,015 --> 00:39:02,558
I left the grotto
or us, or them.

371
00:39:06,521 --> 00:39:08,189
I don't think anyone realized...

372
00:39:08,439 --> 00:39:11,234
... that they will be buried
so deep, underground.

373
00:39:11,442 --> 00:39:13,528
They had extremely good defensive positions.

374
00:39:32,714 --> 00:39:35,216
After three days of fighting
on Mount Suribachi...

375
00:39:35,425 --> 00:39:38,344
... the flag was hoisted on its summit.

376
00:39:38,636 --> 00:39:41,889
One of the young people started to cry:
"That is our flag!"

377
00:39:42,807 --> 00:39:47,729
From any point on the island we could see
on the top of Mount Suribachi...

378
00:39:48,438 --> 00:39:49,897
... the flag raised by us.

379
00:39:50,773 --> 00:39:52,734
People started crying...

380
00:39:53,234 --> 00:39:56,487
... thinking that the island is now
a safe territory.

381
00:39:57,322 --> 00:39:59,198
It was, however, far from being
a safe zone.

382
00:39:59,616 --> 00:40:01,909
I still had a long way to go
until we run the island...

383
00:40:02,118 --> 00:40:05,038
... but it was good to see the flag
fluttering on the treetops.

384
00:40:11,920 --> 00:40:14,839
We were always told
that we must take prisoners...

385
00:40:15,048 --> 00:40:18,384
... but I had had bitter experiences
in Saipan.

386
00:40:19,010 --> 00:40:22,263
Some prisoners, as soon as they saw each other
behind our lines...

387
00:40:22,680 --> 00:40:25,600
... priming a grenade.
That's how we lost many people.

388
00:40:25,892 --> 00:40:27,977
We had reservations about taking prisoners...

389
00:40:28,186 --> 00:40:31,022
... as long as they were fighting
to the death against us.

390
00:40:38,279 --> 00:40:40,365
Few surrendered willingly.

391
00:40:40,490 --> 00:40:43,618
They were coming towards us, from the front...

392
00:40:43,826 --> 00:40:47,455
... with hands in the air, but behind
they each had a grenade.

393
00:40:55,088 --> 00:40:57,382
A boy from West Virginia...

394
00:40:57,799 --> 00:41:00,301
... he sat down on a rock...

395
00:41:00,510 --> 00:41:02,720
... with a helmet under the foot...

396
00:41:02,887 --> 00:41:05,723
... frequently adopted position
when we were resting.

397
00:41:06,557 --> 00:41:10,812
An enemy appeared above the rock...

398
00:41:11,229 --> 00:41:15,817
... with an explosive belt
Furrowed over the abdomen.

399
00:41:17,485 --> 00:41:21,364
A piece from the bottom
of his trunk...

400
00:41:22,824 --> 00:41:26,369
... twisted in the air
It fell on the boy's knees...

401
00:41:28,037 --> 00:41:33,042
... with his back, completely naked,
right in front of him.

402
00:41:35,128 --> 00:41:36,504
He said, dumbfounded:

403
00:41:37,130 --> 00:41:39,424
"God, I've been hit!
Am I seriously hurt?"

404
00:41:41,926 --> 00:41:46,389
That dissipated the tension
the following night.

405
00:41:47,849 --> 00:41:52,020
Many of us had become
completely apathetic...

406
00:41:52,770 --> 00:41:57,859
... but after that, for an hour,
I laughed with hiccups.

407
00:42:07,785 --> 00:42:10,872
Of the 21,000 Japanese soldiers
who were on Iwo Jima...

408
00:42:10,997 --> 00:42:12,457
... at the beginning of the attack...

409
00:42:13,207 --> 00:42:15,293
... only 200 survived.

410
00:42:22,050 --> 00:42:27,180
I was on Iwo Jima only six days,
but it seemed to me 6,000 years.

411
00:42:30,808 --> 00:42:33,645
Airfields on Iwo Jima
they became operational...

412
00:42:33,811 --> 00:42:35,396
... slightly ahead of the whole island
to be conquered...

413
00:42:35,605 --> 00:42:38,942
... and that's because
the American battalion of engineers.

414
00:42:40,735 --> 00:42:43,321
They played an important role
and not only here...

415
00:42:43,529 --> 00:42:45,949
... but also throughout the war in the Pacific.

416
00:42:47,283 --> 00:42:48,743
The time has come...

417
00:42:48,826 --> 00:42:52,497
... let the circle be pierced
internal defense of Japan.

418
00:42:54,040 --> 00:42:57,502
650 km from Japan
there is a big barrier...

419
00:42:57,585 --> 00:43:00,838
... between the Allies and the planned invasion
of Imperial Japan:

420
00:43:00,922 --> 00:43:03,132
... The Japanese island of Okinawa.

421
00:43:04,175 --> 00:43:07,428
On April 1, 1945
the Americans attacked.

422
00:43:49,220 --> 00:43:52,056
Japan's young suicide bombers,
kamikaze...

423
00:43:52,140 --> 00:43:54,434
... they came to die
for the defense of Okinawa.

424
00:43:59,564 --> 00:44:04,027
Many were flying, on their fatal mission,
on outdated planes, without training.

425
00:44:24,047 --> 00:44:26,841
Things were happening extremely fast.

426
00:44:27,091 --> 00:44:30,511
It is a little similar to the situation
to a huge boxer, in the ring...

427
00:44:30,720 --> 00:44:34,140
... who receives blow after blow
In the figure, in the body, from all positions.

428
00:44:34,265 --> 00:44:37,810
We were being attacked from all possible angles.

429
00:44:45,318 --> 00:44:48,446
In a normal attack there is the possibility
win or lose.

430
00:44:48,655 --> 00:44:52,700
You had some of the normal bombs and bullets
possible to avoid.

431
00:44:52,825 --> 00:44:54,911
But the war became completely different...

432
00:44:55,119 --> 00:44:57,330
... c�nd am �nceput s� lupt�m
against human bombs.

433
00:45:04,212 --> 00:45:07,131
Over 2,000 Kamikaze pilots
They found their death...

434
00:45:07,757 --> 00:45:10,468
... but they managed to destroy it
doar 30 de nave de r�zboi americane...

435
00:45:10,635 --> 00:45:12,428
... and damage another 200 ships.

436
00:45:24,816 --> 00:45:27,318
We were praying that we would manage to survive...

437
00:45:27,568 --> 00:45:29,946
... this type of explosions.

438
00:45:30,154 --> 00:45:32,865
Our lives were unfolding before our eyes
quickly...

439
00:45:32,991 --> 00:45:35,159
... because I didn't know if
in a few seconds or minutes...

440
00:45:35,368 --> 00:45:37,328
... we will still be alive��.

441
00:45:37,662 --> 00:45:40,498
American loss of life
he had grown so much...

442
00:45:40,582 --> 00:45:42,250
... as they began to approach
since the invasion of Okinawa...

443
00:45:42,458 --> 00:45:44,669
... and this situation had to be resolved.

444
00:45:47,463 --> 00:45:48,840
The gunners couldn't stop them...

445
00:45:48,923 --> 00:45:52,677
... they were caught in direct combat
the man against the human bomb...

446
00:45:52,760 --> 00:45:54,971
... which was already on the way to strike...

447
00:45:55,179 --> 00:45:57,473
... and it was difficult for the gunner
to succeed.

448
00:46:24,584 --> 00:46:29,047
It was a soldier who was shooting
with a 40 mm cannon...

449
00:46:29,297 --> 00:46:32,508
... and who fought
against a large number of aircraft.

450
00:46:32,800 --> 00:46:35,845
We had been hit two or three times
in the area where he is.

451
00:46:36,054 --> 00:46:39,057
Suddenly, without anyone
to understand why...

452
00:46:39,390 --> 00:46:41,267
... shouted:
"It's hot today!"...

453
00:46:41,392 --> 00:46:44,187
... and jumped from his post.
A fost ultima dat� c�nd l-am v�zut.

454
00:46:44,479 --> 00:46:47,315
Maybe he stayed on board,
maybe he even survived.

455
00:46:47,649 --> 00:46:50,860
Certainly, but us
I never found his body.

456
00:46:51,152 --> 00:46:53,988
It was a strange reaction
to the tension of the battle.

457
00:46:54,072 --> 00:46:56,574
We managed to keep ourselves active...

458
00:46:56,699 --> 00:47:01,079
... until I had a mental breakdown
And then the fight ends.

459
00:47:01,829 --> 00:47:04,624
I think every man
has a point of resistance��.

460
00:47:05,458 --> 00:47:08,670
I think the Kamikaze fight...

461
00:47:09,087 --> 00:47:10,880
... test the resistance point��...

462
00:47:11,297 --> 00:47:13,675
... more than any
another form of struggle.

463
00:47:20,348 --> 00:47:23,101
The initial landing in Okinawa
met no opposition...

464
00:47:23,184 --> 00:47:24,936
... but as they progressed,
Americans...

465
00:47:25,061 --> 00:47:28,189
... they faced the Japanese army� 
consisting of 100,000 people...

466
00:47:28,398 --> 00:47:31,526
... concentrated in the central area,
strongly fortified�.

467
00:47:51,129 --> 00:47:53,840
The passes and deep valleys of Okinawa...

468
00:47:53,965 --> 00:47:57,176
... were natural points of
fortifications for the Japanese defenders.

469
00:47:59,387 --> 00:48:01,139
The Americans, outnumbering them,
on the Japanese in a ratio of 2 to 1...

470
00:48:01,347 --> 00:48:05,310
... they had to pay with blood
every centimeter of Japanese soil.

471
00:48:44,015 --> 00:48:46,184
Some Japanese surrendered.

472
00:48:46,392 --> 00:48:50,146
Not all Japanese agreed
to fight until the end.

473
00:50:34,709 --> 00:50:37,754
Civilians in Okinawa suffered
terrible losses.

474
00:50:38,379 --> 00:50:42,342
24,000 died,
many thousands more were injured.

475
00:50:43,384 --> 00:50:46,804
They soon discovered
that we don't do...

476
00:50:46,930 --> 00:50:48,723
... what they had been told so many times...

477
00:50:48,806 --> 00:50:52,894
... and they understood that we are too
no human beings...

478
00:50:52,977 --> 00:50:55,480
... and that it is possible
let's have the same feelings...

479
00:50:55,563 --> 00:50:58,316
... and we wish them no harm.

480
00:50:58,399 --> 00:51:02,153
I told them we do
just what we have to do.

481
00:51:03,488 --> 00:51:04,864
Many Americans saw...

482
00:51:04,989 --> 00:51:07,784
... at the end of this enormous
Advances across the Pacific...

483
00:51:07,992 --> 00:51:10,286
... that those who thought they were animals...

484
00:51:10,828 --> 00:51:14,874
... fanatics without face,
ready to die for the king...

485
00:51:15,083 --> 00:51:17,585
... they were human beings, just like them.

486
00:51:18,836 --> 00:51:21,673
And they showed their affection
for their people.

487
00:51:21,756 --> 00:51:26,761
I didn't think about it then. I thought
that they don't value their lives...

488
00:51:26,970 --> 00:51:28,429
... but it wasn't true.

489
00:51:28,638 --> 00:51:31,975
They showed a lot of altruism
their injuries...

490
00:51:32,183 --> 00:51:34,185
... and they helped us
and transport them to the coast.

491
00:51:34,686 --> 00:51:37,689
The wounded were transported
by two or three people...

492
00:51:38,022 --> 00:51:41,150
... and even these
they were terribly thin.

493
00:51:41,359 --> 00:51:43,236
All in all,
we were all human.

494
00:51:51,202 --> 00:52:12,724
Translation and adaptation:
Mihai Dumitra�cu - Klaxxy

495
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496
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