1
00:00:11,136 --> 00:00:14,180
Smithsonian
je američko kolektivno pamćenje.
-=[ Mercikes_Bert ]=-

2
00:00:23,857 --> 00:00:27,402
Ono što ti artefakti čine jest da čine stvarnim,

3
00:00:27,485 --> 00:00:28,987
prave beton,

4
00:00:29,070 --> 00:00:32,323
čine dostupnim
priče naših života,

5
00:00:32,407 --> 00:00:34,409
pitanja koja su nas oblikovala.

6
00:00:37,120 --> 00:00:41,875
Vidiš ljude koji se ne poznaju,
koji se okupljaju oko nekog predmeta.

7
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Stol koji je napisao Jefferson
Deklaracija o neovisnosti,

8
00:00:46,129 --> 00:00:48,256
to je moćna ikona.

9
00:00:51,342 --> 00:00:53,136
Stijeg obasjan zvijezdama.

10
00:00:55,680 --> 00:00:57,432
Ne postoji ništa moćnije

11
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nego gledati ljude kako idu i gledaju
na Zvjezdanom stijegu...

12
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shvati malo više
o svojoj povijesti,

13
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i na neki način odjednom uživam u onome što...

14
00:01:09,986 --> 00:01:12,614
što je to bilo i što znači.

15
00:01:16,743 --> 00:01:18,244
Završene su prave rasprave

16
00:01:18,328 --> 00:01:20,580
pričate li povijest
to je komplicirano,

17
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povijest koja je bolna.

18
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Ljudi često kažu: "Znaš što?
Pričaš samo negativne priče."

19
00:01:29,380 --> 00:01:32,050
Ipak, tvrdio bih
kada prođete kroz većinu muzeja,

20
00:01:32,133 --> 00:01:35,720
posebno Smithsonian,
priče su pretežno pozitivne.

21
00:01:37,847 --> 00:01:40,183
Oni su silno puni nade.

22
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Uglavnom su rasprostranjeni
s osjećajem,

23
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“Dečko, mi smo bolja nacija
jer smo prošli kroz to."

24
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Kako shvaćate naciju

25
00:01:49,734 --> 00:01:53,696
ako ne gledaš na sve izazove
nacija se suočila?

26
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Velika nacija ne bježi od svoje prošlosti,

27
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ne krije se od svoje prošlosti,

28
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ali gleda na to, uči iz toga,
i poboljšala ga je ta prošlost.

29
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Nakon bitaka kod Lexingtona
i Concord i Bunker Hill...

30
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Mislim da je građanima Nove Engleske jasno
da sada nema povratka.

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Every year brings us fresh evidence

32
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da se nemamo čemu nadati
iz naše voljene majke zemlje

33
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ali okrutnosti.

34
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Rat se vrlo brzo počinje širiti.

35
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Širi se po kolonijama.

36
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Male bitke, ali jasne,
otvorena opozicija britanskoj vladi.

37
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Na početku britanska reakcija
u Lexington i Concord je,

38
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"Pa, mi ćemo ići zdrobiti ove ljude."

39
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S druge strane,

40
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britanskih i američkih kolonista
imaju puno toga zajedničkog.

41
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Imaju mnogo zajedničkih interesa.
Imaju dosta zajedničke kulture.

42
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U vrijeme revolucije,

43
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relativno visok postotak ljudi
u kolonijama rođeni u Britaniji.

44
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Dakle, postoji mnogo vrlo bliskih veza.

45
00:03:38,593 --> 00:03:39,719
Nisu svi uvjereni

46
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ovo će postati
rat za nezavisnost,

47
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ali znaju da ovo
bit će rat za njihova prava,

48
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bilo da kao Britanci
ili kao nešto drugo.

49
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Godine 1774. Kontinentalni kongres
susreo prvi put

50
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samo da se dogovorimo o nizu politika.

51
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Nije izbio rat,

52
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ali do 1775.
imamo pravi rat u rukama.

53
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Jasno je da
potreban je još jedan kontinentalni kongres.

54
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Drugi kontinentalni kongres
sastao se u državnoj kući Pennsylvanije,

55
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koju danas zovemo Independence Hall.

56
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Drugi kontinentalni kongres
u biti odgovara

57
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na rat koji je počeo
u Lexingtonu i Concordu u travnju 1775.

58
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U to vrijeme nije bilo
Sjedinjene Američke Države.

59
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Bilo je to 13 vrlo različitih kolonija.

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A kad je Amerikanac pričao
o svojoj zemlji,

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nisu mislili na Sjedinjene Države.

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Mislili su na Virginiju ili Massachusetts
ili odakle god da su došli.

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Kada se formira Kontinentalni kongres,

64
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ovo je bila vrlo neobična stvar.

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Ljudi koji dolaze iz
sve različite provincije, kolonije,

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udružiti se
učiniti nešto bilo je nekako čudno.

67
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Bilo je nešto
što zapravo prije nisu činili.

68
00:05:07,348 --> 00:05:09,809
Ali ovo je sad pravi rat.

69
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Stvarno moramo raditi zajedno

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na neki način
da to nikada prije nismo morali učiniti.

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Ogromna količina napetosti
u zgradi, u sobi...

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Mislim, to je bila znojna, zadimljena soba,

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puna ljudi koji se jako ljute
jedno s drugim

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i jako zabrinuta
o tome što će budućnost nositi.

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Puno stvari na njihovom dnevnom redu
bili vrlo jednostavni.

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Kako upravljamo vojskom?

77
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Borimo se protiv vrlo dobro uspostavljenog,

78
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vrlo profesionalno,
vrlo uigrani protivnik.

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Moramo skupiti trupe.

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We have to feed the troops.
We have to get supplies to them.

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We have to coordinate the command of them.

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Ovo su
very difficult problems to solve.

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Logistics is vital to military capability.

84
00:06:00,109 --> 00:06:01,986
You know, there's the old saying

85
00:06:02,070 --> 00:06:05,239
that amateurs talk tactics
and experts talk logistics.

86
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And there's a lot of truth to that.

87
00:06:08,242 --> 00:06:13,122
Ako nemaš hrane,
fuel, ammunition, medical care,

88
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onda se ne možeš boriti.

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As will be the case later in his career,

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zapravo samo vjeruju
jedan čovjek s poslom.

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00:06:28,513 --> 00:06:31,224
George Washington
was a tremendous presence

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at the Second Continental Congress.

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rekao je dr. Benjamin Rush
taj George Washington

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00:06:39,941 --> 00:06:45,655
had martial dignity of such
that in a crowd of 10,000 people

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00:06:45,738 --> 00:06:50,993
you would immediately pick him out
as the soldier and general.

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John Adams put forth George Washington

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as the nominee for the commander in chief.

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George Washington je
remarkable in a number of ways.

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00:07:03,381 --> 00:07:07,051
One of the ways is that he taught himself.
He taught himself about military theory

100
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and doctrine and tactics.

101
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Then he had practical experience

102
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to leaven that book knowledge
da je stekao.

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Bio je iz Virginije.

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Možda njegova prisutnost
would have been an inducement

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00:07:22,984 --> 00:07:26,737
to the men of the other colonies
prijaviti se, prijaviti se,

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da bi ovu vojsku
truly continental in character.

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He attended the Continental
Congress wearing his blue and buff uniform

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from the Fairfax militia in Virginia.

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It was a typical Washington move

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because he was not being crude or strident

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in stating that he wanted to become
the general-in-chief of this new army.

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U isto vrijeme,
his uniform was advertising the fact

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da je bio dostupan.

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Even when it is pretty clear
that he's the best qualified,

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this Virginian, to go up to Massachusetts
with these newly formed regiments,

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he makes this speech in which he indicates
that he may not be up to the job.

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Though I am truly sensible
visoke časti

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done me in this appointment,

119
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yet I feel great distress

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iz svijesti
that my abilities and military experience

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možda neće biti jednaki
to the extensive and important trust.

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To je neka vrsta poniznosti
that these days we're not used to.

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This is one of the most admirable things

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00:08:34,931 --> 00:08:36,098
o Georgeu Washingtonu.

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He constantly takes inventory of himself,

126
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je iskren prema sebi,
sometimes too hard on himself,

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00:08:43,606 --> 00:08:46,192
but I think that's the mark
velikog vođe.

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Ako imate nekoga
who's been given command of an army,

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the last guy you want is the one
who comes in and says, "I've got this."

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The politics of it demanded
a Virginian who had experience.

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I think he wanted to serve.
I think he was ready to serve.

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00:09:05,545 --> 00:09:09,590
So they appoint him the commander in chief
of this basically New England army.

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They will very quickly see men joining in

134
00:09:18,849 --> 00:09:21,727
iz Pensilvanije,
Maryland, Virginia, New York,

135
00:09:21,811 --> 00:09:26,274
and other states as they try to form
a regular standing military force

136
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to će se saznati
kao kontinentalna vojska.

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Sada cijeli kontinent
became attentive to the call of liberty.

138
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Alarm je bio univerzalan

139
00:09:34,282 --> 00:09:36,951
and feeling my bosom glow
with love for my country,

140
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I turned out on the first alarm
with many of my fellow youth

141
00:09:40,329 --> 00:09:42,999
and marched under the command
jednog kapetana Averyja

142
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to Cambridge near Boston.

143
00:09:45,960 --> 00:09:47,753
The British are in Boston.

144
00:09:47,837 --> 00:09:52,091
The Continental Army's headquartered
in Cambridge, near the Harvard campus.

145
00:09:53,301 --> 00:09:57,013
Washington stiže
shortly after the Battle of Bunker Hill.

146
00:09:59,724 --> 00:10:01,934
When Washington first arrived
u Cambridgeu,

147
00:10:02,018 --> 00:10:04,103
he was horrified by what he found.

148
00:10:11,027 --> 00:10:14,238
He doesn't think very much
of New England men at the time.

149
00:10:15,823 --> 00:10:19,869
Washington is a Southerner.
He is not used to Northern ways.

150
00:10:19,952 --> 00:10:24,582
And here are these quarrelsome,
undisciplined, filthy men,

151
00:10:24,665 --> 00:10:28,085
camped out just outside of the gates
koledža Harvard.

152
00:10:29,128 --> 00:10:32,173
Bio je to broj
of very disorganized militias

153
00:10:32,256 --> 00:10:36,010
who didn't know how to do things
like build a proper latrine.

154
00:10:36,093 --> 00:10:40,598
So they were putting their wastewater
where their drinking water was

155
00:10:40,681 --> 00:10:42,725
and contaminating the drinking water site.

156
00:10:42,808 --> 00:10:46,020
The youth of the army are not possessed

157
00:10:46,103 --> 00:10:50,149
of the absolute necessity
of cleanliness in their dress and lodging,

158
00:10:50,232 --> 00:10:53,611
continual exercise, and strict temperance.

159
00:10:53,694 --> 00:10:56,739
They had been electing people
u časnike.

160
00:10:56,822 --> 00:10:59,575
A Washington je kao,
"You don't elect officers."

161
00:10:59,659 --> 00:11:03,788
Like, who are these people?
Kao, što je ovo? To nije prava vojska.

162
00:11:04,914 --> 00:11:08,918
He realizes the sheer scale
zadatka koji je pred njim

163
00:11:09,001 --> 00:11:11,587
to create an army out of this rabble.

164
00:11:12,713 --> 00:11:16,717
Washington almost immediately sets
to writing letters to Congress saying,

165
00:11:16,801 --> 00:11:19,428
"I've got this army you asked me
graditi zajedno."

166
00:11:19,512 --> 00:11:24,183
"Can I have guns or ammunition or food?
Or maybe we should even have uniforms."

167
00:11:25,393 --> 00:11:26,727
Morao je improvizirati.

168
00:11:27,436 --> 00:11:30,564
Washington is forming this army
bez mnogo sredstava

169
00:11:30,648 --> 00:11:33,859
and with policies in place
koji nisu bili pogodni

170
00:11:33,943 --> 00:11:37,029
do održive sposobnosti
protiv Britanaca.

171
00:11:40,616 --> 00:11:42,743
Washington, he looked out, and he saw

172
00:11:42,827 --> 00:11:45,788
bijela lica, crvena lica,
smeđa i crna lica.

173
00:11:47,915 --> 00:11:49,875
Dok je gledao
at the brown and Black faces, he said,

174
00:11:49,959 --> 00:11:52,712
"Tko su ovi ljudi?
And what are they doing here?"

175
00:11:52,795 --> 00:11:54,797
"I want them out of my army."

176
00:11:57,133 --> 00:12:02,304
George Washington had been a slave owner
since about the age of 11.

177
00:12:03,514 --> 00:12:07,518
He inherits the first people
that he owned when his father dies.

178
00:12:07,601 --> 00:12:09,311
And as he becomes a planter,

179
00:12:09,395 --> 00:12:13,190
ponaša se kao
most other typical Virginia slave owners.

180
00:12:13,274 --> 00:12:18,612
They are using this labor to try
to increase their lands and their profits.

181
00:12:19,113 --> 00:12:22,158
He didn't think much of buying
i prodaju ljudi

182
00:12:22,241 --> 00:12:24,744
like he would any other commodity.

183
00:12:35,129 --> 00:12:39,258
Ljudi Afrike
descent arrived in the British colonies,

184
00:12:39,341 --> 00:12:42,052
mislimo da je 1619.

185
00:12:43,679 --> 00:12:48,225
When the colonial expansion
along the Eastern seaboard

186
00:12:48,309 --> 00:12:50,936
onoga što bi postalo
the United States developed,

187
00:12:51,020 --> 00:12:54,648
bilo je duboko povezano
financijskim interesima.

188
00:12:55,524 --> 00:12:59,236
What could be generated here?
Those enterprises required labor.

189
00:12:59,820 --> 00:13:02,948
And the solution to that labor question

190
00:13:03,032 --> 00:13:05,451
was the transatlantic slave trade.

191
00:13:09,121 --> 00:13:15,336
We are torn from our country and friends
truditi se za svoj luksuz i žudnju za dobitkom.

192
00:13:16,545 --> 00:13:19,924
Sustav u Sjedinjenim Državama
bio je sustav robovlasništva,

193
00:13:20,007 --> 00:13:22,635
gdje su porobljeni ljudi
smatrali su se vlasništvom.

194
00:13:24,720 --> 00:13:27,306
Svih 13 kolonija podržavalo je ropstvo.

195
00:13:30,267 --> 00:13:32,311
U srednjem Atlantiku i gore u Novoj Engleskoj,

196
00:13:32,394 --> 00:13:35,856
mogli biste naći jednog do dva porobljena čovjeka
u kućanstvu,

197
00:13:35,940 --> 00:13:40,903
i vjerojatno će raditi
prilično tijesno uz svoje porobljivače.

198
00:13:42,154 --> 00:13:44,657
U južnoameričkim kolonijama,

199
00:13:45,366 --> 00:13:48,202
postoji plantažno gospodarstvo
koji je potpuno ovisan

200
00:13:48,285 --> 00:13:50,371
o radu porobljenih Afrikanaca.

201
00:13:52,998 --> 00:13:55,668
Jednom kada su bili robovi,
doživotno su robovali.

202
00:13:58,170 --> 00:14:03,092
Porobljeni ljudi su bili kontrolirani
zakonodavstvom, fizičkom silom.

203
00:14:03,175 --> 00:14:08,180
Bičevali su ih često,
i mnogo puta, bičevan gotovo do smrti.

204
00:14:10,558 --> 00:14:15,896
Temeljna ideja autonomije
je ogoljen od ovih ljudskih bića.

205
00:14:18,649 --> 00:14:21,944
Porobljena osoba
nema pravo na samoobranu.

206
00:14:23,112 --> 00:14:26,699
Porobljena osoba
ne posjeduje vlastito tijelo.

207
00:14:31,412 --> 00:14:34,456
George Washington
je rođen na ovom svijetu.

208
00:14:34,957 --> 00:14:39,169
Bio je obavijen okruženjem
gdje je ropstvo bilo u redu.

209
00:14:39,253 --> 00:14:40,963
Dakle, on dolazi u Massachusetts,

210
00:14:41,046 --> 00:14:44,341
i on sve to vidi
naoružani Afroamerikanci.

211
00:14:45,718 --> 00:14:48,178
Južnom robovlasniku,
to je ropska pobuna,

212
00:14:48,262 --> 00:14:49,763
to je izuzetno opasno.

213
00:14:51,432 --> 00:14:56,020
Gorila od 8000 funti u sobi
za crnce u to vrijeme bila je sloboda.

214
00:14:56,854 --> 00:14:59,899
90% Afrikanaca u Americi bilo je porobljeno.

215
00:14:59,982 --> 00:15:02,818
Dakle, njihova će motivacija biti,

216
00:15:02,902 --> 00:15:05,905
kako će se ovo poboljšati
moj sud kao čovjek,

217
00:15:05,988 --> 00:15:07,448
kao osoba u ovoj zemlji?

218
00:15:07,531 --> 00:15:08,991
I ako budem rob,

219
00:15:09,074 --> 00:15:12,661
kako će se ovo poboljšati
mogućnosti da budem slobodan?

220
00:15:13,996 --> 00:15:15,247
Crnci su razmišljali,

221
00:15:15,331 --> 00:15:19,335
hej, ako se mogu boriti, možda mogu zaraditi
moje mjesto u ovom društvu.

222
00:15:20,794 --> 00:15:24,131
Washington dolazi i kaže,
“Ne trebamo zapošljavati

223
00:15:24,214 --> 00:15:27,051
svi ti crnci s oružjem.
Ovo nije dobra stvar."

224
00:15:27,134 --> 00:15:30,304
I pokušava spriječiti crnce
od daljnjeg prijavljivanja

225
00:15:30,387 --> 00:15:32,473
služiti u kontinentalnoj vojsci.

226
00:15:33,432 --> 00:15:35,059
Bilo je to svakako kratkovidno.

227
00:15:35,559 --> 00:15:38,687
I ne shvaća
trebaju mu svi ljudi koje može dobiti.

228
00:15:45,319 --> 00:15:48,572
Kraljevski guverner Virginije,
čovjek po imenu Lord Dunmore,

229
00:15:48,656 --> 00:15:52,534
je utjelovljenje Krune
i parlament u Virginiji.

230
00:15:53,035 --> 00:15:55,204
I on ima ovu vrstu briljanta

231
00:15:55,287 --> 00:16:00,417
i pomalo podli strateški uvid
odmah na početku sukoba.

232
00:16:01,919 --> 00:16:04,213
Ima samo oko 300 britanskih vojnika

233
00:16:04,296 --> 00:16:05,714
u državi Virginia.

234
00:16:07,216 --> 00:16:11,053
Nije puno moći braniti
i zaštititi cijelu državu

235
00:16:11,136 --> 00:16:13,263
od patriota koji žive tamo dolje.

236
00:16:13,806 --> 00:16:14,974
On treba muškarce.

237
00:16:16,183 --> 00:16:18,352
Tako Lord Dunmore u osnovi iznosi

238
00:16:18,435 --> 00:16:22,272
prvi Proglas o emancipaciji
u Americi

239
00:16:22,356 --> 00:16:24,775
a muškim robovima nudi slobodu

240
00:16:24,858 --> 00:16:28,487
koji su voljni pobjeći
njihovi Patriot vlasnici i služe

241
00:16:28,570 --> 00:16:31,991
u ono što je postalo
Etiopska brigada Lorda Dunmorea.

242
00:16:33,367 --> 00:16:36,453
Dunmore nudi
porobljeni narod Domoljuba

243
00:16:36,537 --> 00:16:40,249
a deal that is absolutely terrifying
kolonistima.

244
00:16:40,332 --> 00:16:42,418
Oni će imati svoju slobodu.

245
00:16:43,252 --> 00:16:47,172
Ovime činim dalje
proglasiti sve unajmljene službenike,

246
00:16:47,256 --> 00:16:50,843
Crnci ili drugi, koji pripadaju pobunjenicima,

247
00:16:50,926 --> 00:16:54,346
slobodni koji su u stanju
i spreman nositi oružje,

248
00:16:54,430 --> 00:16:58,017
pridružuju se trupama Njegovog Veličanstva
as soon as may be.

249
00:17:00,644 --> 00:17:02,938
Ali ako pripadate lojalistima,

250
00:17:03,022 --> 00:17:05,899
jer su lojalisti,
Lojalisti su odani kralju,

251
00:17:06,859 --> 00:17:08,360
bit ćete vraćeni.

252
00:17:10,696 --> 00:17:14,116
Bilo gdje od stotina
na tisuće robova odgovori.

253
00:17:14,199 --> 00:17:16,493
Napuštaju plantaže,
i ne samo Virginia.

254
00:17:16,577 --> 00:17:19,038
Dolaze iz
surrounding states as well.

255
00:17:19,121 --> 00:17:21,331
Oni hrle u Virginiju.

256
00:17:22,332 --> 00:17:23,542
To je moćna izjava,

257
00:17:23,625 --> 00:17:26,170
govoreći da ćemo koristiti
vaši robovi protiv vas

258
00:17:26,253 --> 00:17:27,713
i naoružati ih protiv sebe.

259
00:17:28,422 --> 00:17:31,592
To mijenja računicu
na američkoj strani.

260
00:17:36,346 --> 00:17:38,807
Pisma lorda Dunmorea generalu Howeu,

261
00:17:38,891 --> 00:17:41,643
koji je vrlo sretno pao u moje ruke

262
00:17:41,727 --> 00:17:43,812
i priložio Kongresu,

263
00:17:43,896 --> 00:17:48,233
pustit će vas prilično u potpunosti
u njegove đavolske planove.

264
00:17:48,317 --> 00:17:52,696
On će postati
najstrašniji neprijatelj kojeg Amerika ima.

265
00:17:54,823 --> 00:17:57,534
Patriote moraju pronaći
način da se izjednači to igralište.

266
00:17:57,618 --> 00:18:01,246
I to je ono što je George Washington
i Kongres odluči učiniti.

267
00:18:01,330 --> 00:18:04,750
Odluče da će dopustiti
ljudi afričkog podrijetla

268
00:18:04,833 --> 00:18:06,752
služiti u kontinentalnoj vojsci.

269
00:18:09,755 --> 00:18:13,092
Dunmoreova proklamacija
stvarno bila prekretnica

270
00:18:13,175 --> 00:18:16,136
u smislu afroameričkog
slobodarski pokret

271
00:18:16,220 --> 00:18:18,013
tijekom američke revolucije.

272
00:18:19,014 --> 00:18:21,266
Također je radikalizirao Virginijance.

273
00:18:21,350 --> 00:18:24,686
Mnogi su to smatrali prekršajem
njihovih imovinskih prava.

274
00:18:25,187 --> 00:18:27,189
I tako od tog trenutka nadalje,

275
00:18:27,272 --> 00:18:30,400
više nisu htjeli biti dio
britanskog carstva.

276
00:18:32,945 --> 00:18:34,988
Do sada, Drugi kontinentalni kongres

277
00:18:35,072 --> 00:18:38,033
imao ogroman zadatak samo donijeti odluku.

278
00:18:39,076 --> 00:18:42,246
Trudimo li se
boriti se za naša prava kao Engleza

279
00:18:42,955 --> 00:18:47,126
i jednostavno dobiti reprezentaciju
a vlast koju želimo?

280
00:18:50,129 --> 00:18:54,258
Ili se zapravo želimo slomiti
od britanske vlade?

281
00:18:57,719 --> 00:18:59,763
Imamo rat koji se vodi,

282
00:18:59,847 --> 00:19:01,390
ali čemu rat?

283
00:19:02,224 --> 00:19:04,685
Je li to samo rat otpora?

284
00:19:05,269 --> 00:19:09,439
Ili je to rat za neovisnost?

285
00:19:12,693 --> 00:19:15,696
Pitanje izaziva nevjerojatne podjele
u kolonijama.

286
00:19:16,780 --> 00:19:20,242
Rat je bio jako težak

287
00:19:20,325 --> 00:19:24,746
za toliko ljudi
jer je bilo odanosti kralju.

288
00:19:26,165 --> 00:19:30,460
Bilo je dosta ambivalentnosti,
pregovaranje, legitimna zabrinutost

289
00:19:30,544 --> 00:19:36,592
otprilike su te kolonije bile ovdje
preko Atlantskog oceana

290
00:19:36,675 --> 00:19:39,887
stvarno spremni vladati sobom,

291
00:19:39,970 --> 00:19:42,222
spremni sami osigurati?

292
00:19:45,142 --> 00:19:50,063
U siječnju 1776.
zamah se stvarno počinje mijenjati

293
00:19:50,981 --> 00:19:53,942
kada Tom Paine objavljuje Common Sense.

294
00:19:54,526 --> 00:19:57,654
Možda osjećaji
sadržane na sljedećim stranicama

295
00:19:57,738 --> 00:20:02,075
još nisu dovoljno moderni
da im pribavi opću naklonost.

296
00:20:02,159 --> 00:20:04,661
Duga navika da se ne misli ništa pogrešno

297
00:20:04,745 --> 00:20:07,831
daje površan izgled
biti u pravu.

298
00:20:08,790 --> 00:20:12,377
Thomas Paine je doživio
svoj dio neuspjeha.

299
00:20:13,128 --> 00:20:16,381
Evo čovjeka rođenog u Engleskoj
koji je imao propali brak.

300
00:20:16,465 --> 00:20:20,219
Evo čovjeka koji nije uspio
kao poreznik, svega.

301
00:20:21,220 --> 00:20:23,931
Ovdje je čovjek koji nije uspio kao proizvođač korzeta.

302
00:20:26,099 --> 00:20:28,393
Otišao je iz bića
jedan od najopskurnijih ljudi

303
00:20:28,477 --> 00:20:31,146
jednoj od najpoznatijih osoba
zbog zdravog razuma,

304
00:20:31,230 --> 00:20:34,775
koji zauzima sasvim drugačije gledište
sa službenog stajališta

305
00:20:34,858 --> 00:20:36,610
kontinentalnog kongresa.

306
00:20:37,945 --> 00:20:42,824
Puno artikulira
američkih pritužbi u zdravom razumu.

307
00:20:43,617 --> 00:20:47,537
Vlada, čak i u
njegovo najbolje stanje, samo je nužno zlo.

308
00:20:47,621 --> 00:20:50,332
U najgorem stanju, nepodnošljivom.

309
00:20:52,417 --> 00:20:57,256
Želi uvjeriti Amerikance
da je monarhija zapravo loš sustav.

310
00:21:00,008 --> 00:21:02,594
U Engleskoj, kralj nema više posla

311
00:21:02,678 --> 00:21:05,806
nego ratovati i poklanjati mjesta.

312
00:21:05,889 --> 00:21:08,767
Što jednostavnim rječnikom rečeno
je osiromašiti naciju

313
00:21:08,850 --> 00:21:11,436
i sastavi ga za uši.

314
00:21:11,520 --> 00:21:16,984
Doista lijep posao za čovjeka
dopustiti 800 000 sterlinga godišnje za

315
00:21:17,067 --> 00:21:19,027
i klanjao u pogodbu.

316
00:21:20,737 --> 00:21:26,410
Za društvo više vrijedi jedan pošten čovjek
i pred Bogom.

317
00:21:27,995 --> 00:21:31,581
Jedna od stvari koje radi
je stvarno otrgnuti kralja s pijedestala.

318
00:21:31,665 --> 00:21:34,668
U jednom trenutku se poziva na njega
kao kraljevski grubijan

319
00:21:35,168 --> 00:21:37,129
i stvarno ga napada

320
00:21:37,212 --> 00:21:41,258
na način da većina kolonista vjerojatno
ne bi prije vidio ni čuo.

321
00:21:42,217 --> 00:21:46,096
I mijenja se
kako ljudi mogu zamisliti kralja.

322
00:21:46,722 --> 00:21:50,350
Otvara im oči za razmišljanje
o kralju na drugačiji način.

323
00:21:51,810 --> 00:21:54,688
Zdrav razum
je pamflet za neovisnost.

324
00:21:54,771 --> 00:21:57,607
Otvoreno je. Ne izvlači nikakve udarce.

325
00:21:58,442 --> 00:22:00,235
Postoji nešto vrlo apsurdno

326
00:22:00,319 --> 00:22:04,114
u pretpostavci kontinenta
da njime trajno upravlja otok.

327
00:22:05,032 --> 00:22:06,825
Najveća granica ljudske mudrosti

328
00:22:06,908 --> 00:22:11,330
ne može u ovom trenutku
kompas a plan short of separation.

329
00:22:12,456 --> 00:22:14,666
Jedna od radikalnih stvari
o Zdravom razumu

330
00:22:14,750 --> 00:22:16,376
nije samo tako zvao
za neovisnost.

331
00:22:16,460 --> 00:22:19,880
Pozivalo je na stvaranje
vlada Sjedinjenih Država

332
00:22:19,963 --> 00:22:23,550
to bi bilo hiperreprezentativno
običnih ljudi.

333
00:22:24,843 --> 00:22:27,512
Razlog Amerike je u velikoj mjeri

334
00:22:27,596 --> 00:22:30,098
uzrok cijelog čovječanstva.

335
00:22:31,058 --> 00:22:36,146
Vi koji se usuđujete suprotstaviti, ne samo tiraniji
ali tiranin, istupi naprijed.

336
00:22:37,272 --> 00:22:41,068
Svaka točka starog svijeta
je preplavljen ugnjetavanjem.

337
00:22:41,151 --> 00:22:43,779
Sloboda je lovljena diljem svijeta.

338
00:22:46,281 --> 00:22:51,036
Zdrav razum kaže
moguće je započeti svijet iznova.

339
00:22:51,119 --> 00:22:53,747
To je šokantna izjava.

340
00:22:53,830 --> 00:22:56,583
Ima nešto novo pod suncem,

341
00:22:56,666 --> 00:23:01,296
i to je unutar ljudskih kapaciteta
odlučiti što je ta stvar.

342
00:23:04,091 --> 00:23:06,718
Zdrav razum bio je naširoko cijenjen

343
00:23:06,802 --> 00:23:09,971
kao drugi najvažniji
objava ikada

344
00:23:10,055 --> 00:23:13,100
u povijesti Amerike
do te točke.

345
00:23:13,183 --> 00:23:15,268
Drugo, odmah iza Biblije.

346
00:23:16,978 --> 00:23:19,689
Smatra se da ima snažan učinak

347
00:23:19,773 --> 00:23:23,402
u vodećim Amerikancima
to embrace the idea of independence.

348
00:23:33,203 --> 00:23:37,624
Dana 7. lipnja 1776. god.
Delegat iz Virginije Richard Henry Lee

349
00:23:37,707 --> 00:23:40,877
diže se na pod
Kontinentalnog kongresa…

350
00:23:42,712 --> 00:23:44,840
...i donosi rješenje

351
00:23:44,923 --> 00:23:48,385
što mislim da su ljudi razumjeli
had been a long time coming.

352
00:23:52,639 --> 00:23:56,685
Predložio je da te Ujedinjene kolonije
jesu i, s pravom, trebaju biti

353
00:23:56,768 --> 00:23:58,895
slobodne i nezavisne države.

354
00:24:05,152 --> 00:24:08,363
Kongres odlučuje
da će sastaviti komisiju,

355
00:24:08,447 --> 00:24:11,867
da će tražiti da ga sastave
deklaracija neovisnosti

356
00:24:11,950 --> 00:24:14,244
ako rezolucija prođe.

357
00:24:16,496 --> 00:24:20,125
U komisiji imaju
Benjamin Franklin iz Pennsylvanije.

358
00:24:21,293 --> 00:24:24,045
Tu je John Adams iz Massachusettsa.

359
00:24:26,173 --> 00:24:28,884
Predstavlja New York
je Robert Livingston.

360
00:24:28,967 --> 00:24:31,845
Connecticut predstavlja Roger Sherman.

361
00:24:35,140 --> 00:24:37,809
Jedini južnjak
u odboru za izradu nacrta,

362
00:24:37,893 --> 00:24:42,564
33-godišnji Virginijan
imenom Thomas Jefferson.

363
00:24:46,693 --> 00:24:51,364
Rođen je Thomas Jefferson
1743. u Zapadnoj Virginiji

364
00:24:51,448 --> 00:24:53,742
u vrijeme kada bi ovo bilo

365
00:24:53,825 --> 00:24:56,786
granica
britanskog kolonijalnog naseljavanja.

366
00:24:58,663 --> 00:25:00,415
Bio je sretno dijete.

367
00:25:00,499 --> 00:25:03,084
Rođen je na plantaži
zvani Shadwell.

368
00:25:03,168 --> 00:25:07,088
Njegov otac, Peter Jefferson,
umro kad je bio tinejdžer.

369
00:25:10,217 --> 00:25:13,553
Jedna od stvari koje je imao
bila velika knjižnica.

370
00:25:13,637 --> 00:25:18,642
Tako rođen na granici,
ali i dio svijeta ideja.

371
00:25:19,809 --> 00:25:22,354
Jefferson je izabran
zakonodavnom tijelu Virginije

372
00:25:22,437 --> 00:25:24,105
u srednjim dvadesetima.

373
00:25:24,189 --> 00:25:29,653
Dakle, on je već na putu da bude
ovaj vrlo istaknuti vršnjak Virginije.

374
00:25:30,862 --> 00:25:34,824
I kao vodeća figura
u kolonijalnoj Virginiji,

375
00:25:34,908 --> 00:25:38,411
Jefferson će na kraju dati glas
neke od najvećih

376
00:25:38,495 --> 00:25:42,624
i najoštrije kritike kralja.

377
00:25:42,707 --> 00:25:46,962
Kraljevi su sluge
ne vlasnici ljudi.

378
00:25:47,045 --> 00:25:51,716
Neka ime Jurja III
biti mrlja na stranici povijesti.

379
00:25:53,218 --> 00:25:54,886
Dakle, komisija se sastaje.

380
00:25:55,679 --> 00:25:59,808
Adams je, naravno, bio za
neovisnosti toliko dugo.

381
00:25:59,891 --> 00:26:05,230
Adams je bio gotovo
bez prestanka pozivajući svoje kolege delegate

382
00:26:05,313 --> 00:26:09,109
podržati stvar
odvajanja od Velike Britanije.

383
00:26:10,151 --> 00:26:12,445
Ima nešto
vrlo neprirodno i odvratno

384
00:26:12,529 --> 00:26:15,282
u vladi udaljenoj 1000 liga.

385
00:26:15,365 --> 00:26:17,242
Cijela vlada po vlastitom izboru

386
00:26:17,325 --> 00:26:19,869
upravljaju osobe koje volimo, poštujemo,

387
00:26:19,953 --> 00:26:25,292
i može se povjeriti ima u sebi čari
za koje će se ljudi boriti.

388
00:26:26,209 --> 00:26:29,796
Jefferson je mislio John Adams
trebala bi biti očigledna osoba

389
00:26:29,879 --> 00:26:32,215
izraditi nacrt Deklaracije neovisnosti.

390
00:26:33,049 --> 00:26:35,343
Pa ipak Adams
okrenuo se Jeffersonu i rekao:

391
00:26:35,427 --> 00:26:37,762
“O ne, to ne mogu biti ja.
Moraš to učiniti."

392
00:26:37,846 --> 00:26:40,056
Jefferson je rekao: "Zašto? Zašto ja?"

393
00:26:40,140 --> 00:26:42,851
"Ja sam samo 33-godišnji Thomas Jefferson."

394
00:26:42,934 --> 00:26:45,145
Adams je rekao: "Dat ću vam tri razloga."

395
00:26:45,228 --> 00:26:48,231
"Razlog broj jedan, ti si iz Virginije,

396
00:26:48,315 --> 00:26:51,318
a Virdžinijanac bi trebao biti
na čelu ovog posla."

397
00:26:51,401 --> 00:26:56,948
"Razlog broj dva, ja, John Adams,
odvratan sam, sumnjiv i nepopularan."

398
00:26:57,032 --> 00:26:59,117
"Ti si jako drugačije."

399
00:26:59,200 --> 00:27:03,455
“Razlog broj tri, možete napisati
deset puta bolje nego ja."

400
00:27:07,000 --> 00:27:11,296
Jefferson je počeo crtati
Deklaracija o neovisnosti u lipnju.

401
00:27:11,379 --> 00:27:16,676
On je boravio na drugom katu
kuće filadelfijskog ciglara.

402
00:27:16,760 --> 00:27:19,220
I imao je dvije iznajmljene sobe.

403
00:27:19,304 --> 00:27:23,933
Imao je ekvivalent iz 18. stoljeća
prijenosnog računala.

404
00:27:24,017 --> 00:27:27,646
Bio je to njegov radni stol. Sadržavala je tintu.
Sadržavao je pergament.

405
00:27:29,939 --> 00:27:32,067
Dakle, Jefferson nacrta.

406
00:27:33,860 --> 00:27:38,990
Odbor petorice,
posebno Franklin i Adams, revidirati.

407
00:27:41,159 --> 00:27:44,454
A onda se čisti nacrt iznese Kongresu.

408
00:27:44,537 --> 00:27:49,668
A Kongres to do vraga razbija,
uklanjajući ono što Adams kasnije naziva

409
00:27:49,751 --> 00:27:53,755
neki od Jeffersonovih
većina oratorskih paragrafa.

410
00:27:55,090 --> 00:27:58,718
Jefferson je zapravo zadržao
njegov prvi nacrt do kraja života

411
00:27:58,802 --> 00:28:00,387
i pokazao bi to ljudima da kažu,

412
00:28:00,470 --> 00:28:04,349
“Bilo je stvarno bolje prije nego što su dobili
njihove ruke na njemu. Evo mog nacrta."

413
00:28:05,183 --> 00:28:09,270
Everyone gives Jefferson all this credit
for making us independent.

414
00:28:09,354 --> 00:28:11,064
Ali nije bio sam.

415
00:28:12,774 --> 00:28:15,276
Da kolonije proglase neovisnost

416
00:28:15,360 --> 00:28:18,697
njihova carstva je monumentalan događaj.

417
00:28:19,989 --> 00:28:23,535
To je veliki trenutak. To je izdajnički čin.

418
00:28:24,411 --> 00:28:28,498
Nezavisnost je ogromna
i zastrašujući korak.

419
00:28:28,581 --> 00:28:33,837
Kao i većina velikih promjena, događa se
postupno pa sve odjednom.

420
00:28:34,713 --> 00:28:36,506
Kad u toku ljudskih događaja

421
00:28:36,589 --> 00:28:38,550
postaje neophodno za jedan narod

422
00:28:38,633 --> 00:28:42,178
da raspusti političke bande
koje su ih povezale s drugim...

423
00:28:42,262 --> 00:28:44,347
Nije adresirano
američkom narodu,

424
00:28:44,431 --> 00:28:47,350
već širem svijetu
objasniti američkom narodu.

425
00:28:49,561 --> 00:28:51,312
Što znači biti Amerikanac?

426
00:28:51,396 --> 00:28:55,567
Amerikanizam nema etničke osnove.

427
00:28:56,234 --> 00:28:58,319
Dakle, mora se stvoriti.

428
00:28:58,403 --> 00:29:01,072
I to je stvoreno Deklaracijom.

429
00:29:01,614 --> 00:29:06,703
Sjedinjene Države bile su prva zemlja
stvorena dokumentima.

430
00:29:07,704 --> 00:29:10,707
To je najvažniji dokument
u našoj povijesti.

431
00:29:11,291 --> 00:29:14,169
... preuzeti među moćnicima zemlje

432
00:29:14,252 --> 00:29:15,712
odvojena i jednaka stanica

433
00:29:15,795 --> 00:29:19,799
kojima zakoni prirode
i prirode Bog im daje pravo.

434
00:29:19,883 --> 00:29:22,969
Pristojno poštovanje
na mišljenja čovječanstva

435
00:29:23,052 --> 00:29:25,597
zahtijeva da oni
treba proglasiti uzroke

436
00:29:25,680 --> 00:29:27,891
koje ih potiču na razdvajanje.

437
00:29:29,309 --> 00:29:31,811
Bila je to iskrena izjava svijetu

438
00:29:31,895 --> 00:29:36,816
da smo sada bili 13 samostalnih država
i da je svijet to morao primijetiti.

439
00:29:38,067 --> 00:29:40,028
Drugi stavak Deklaracije

440
00:29:40,111 --> 00:29:45,283
vjerojatno je najpoznatiji
i najbriljantnije riječi,

441
00:29:45,366 --> 00:29:48,536
izvorno izvedeno na engleskom,
izvan Shakespearea.

442
00:29:50,121 --> 00:29:54,876
Najmoćniji produženi
rečenica u povijesti svijeta.

443
00:29:58,087 --> 00:30:01,841
Držimo ove istine očiglednima...

444
00:30:01,925 --> 00:30:04,552
...da su svi ljudi stvoreni jednaki...

445
00:30:05,178 --> 00:30:09,224
...da su obdareni svojim
kreator s određenim neotuđivim pravima...

446
00:30:09,307 --> 00:30:14,395
...da su među njima život,
sloboda i potraga za srećom...

447
00:30:15,522 --> 00:30:19,651
...da bi osigurali ta prava,
vlade su uspostavljene među ljudima...

448
00:30:20,193 --> 00:30:23,780
...izvlačeći svoje pravedne moći
uz pristanak vladara...

449
00:30:24,447 --> 00:30:26,825
...da kad god
bilo koji oblik vlasti

450
00:30:26,908 --> 00:30:29,994
postaje destruktivno za ove krajeve...

451
00:30:30,078 --> 00:30:33,665
…to je pravo naroda
promijeniti ili ukinuti

452
00:30:33,748 --> 00:30:35,959
i uspostaviti novu vladu.

453
00:30:39,337 --> 00:30:45,802
Ta ključna rečenica u Deklaraciji
stvarno destilira bit jednakosti

454
00:30:45,885 --> 00:30:47,846
i pravda za sve.

455
00:30:47,929 --> 00:30:52,100
Klasa, okolnosti rođenja,

456
00:30:52,183 --> 00:30:55,520
bogatstvo, obitelj, rod...

457
00:30:55,603 --> 00:31:00,608
Ništa od toga nije bilo važno
u odnosu na suštinsku jednakost

458
00:31:00,692 --> 00:31:05,238
koja dolazi od rođenja ovdje
u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama

459
00:31:05,321 --> 00:31:09,784
ili biti građanin ove velike zemlje

460
00:31:09,868 --> 00:31:14,581
koji daje jednak status prema zakonu.

461
00:31:14,664 --> 00:31:19,210
I to je bio dio onoga što je bilo potpuno novo.

462
00:31:20,795 --> 00:31:26,676
To je najsitnije,
najelokventniji izraz

463
00:31:26,759 --> 00:31:30,555
onoga što to znači
biti građanin demokracije

464
00:31:30,638 --> 00:31:32,473
koja je ikada napisana.

465
00:31:37,312 --> 00:31:41,441
Sada, kada su izgovorili
te riječi, nisu bile ni istina,

466
00:31:41,524 --> 00:31:43,026
niti su bili samorazumljivi.

467
00:31:43,109 --> 00:31:46,446
Oni nikada nisu postojali
u povijesti vladanja.

468
00:31:49,073 --> 00:31:50,825
Što su revolucionari shvatili

469
00:31:50,909 --> 00:31:54,203
je da im je potrebno
nova teorija autoriteta,

470
00:31:54,287 --> 00:31:57,165
upravljanja, narodne moći

471
00:31:57,749 --> 00:32:01,794
to bi im omogućilo
izbjeći kontrolu Britanije.

472
00:32:02,378 --> 00:32:04,172
Jedan od najvažnijih dijelova je taj

473
00:32:04,255 --> 00:32:06,799
kad god oblik vladavine
ne služi ljudima,

474
00:32:06,883 --> 00:32:09,844
then the people retain
neotuđivo pravo

475
00:32:09,928 --> 00:32:12,096
promijeniti ili ukinuti.

476
00:32:13,014 --> 00:32:16,851
Ako vlada prestane
zaštititi i očuvati ta prava,

477
00:32:16,935 --> 00:32:19,479
onda narod ima pravo
ustati protiv toga

478
00:32:19,562 --> 00:32:21,439
i uspostaviti novu vladu.

479
00:32:21,522 --> 00:32:25,985
I naravno, Deklaracija
bila doslovno objava rata.

480
00:32:26,069 --> 00:32:27,779
Bila je to Deklaracija neovisnosti.

481
00:32:27,862 --> 00:32:30,990
Govorilo je Engleskoj,
mi više nismo dio vas.

482
00:32:31,074 --> 00:32:35,912
Svoji smo na svome jer monarhija
je povrijedio naša prirodna prava.

483
00:32:38,414 --> 00:32:40,625
Ono što počinjete vidjeti u Deklaraciji,

484
00:32:40,708 --> 00:32:42,710
je li to tako aspirativan dokument.

485
00:32:42,794 --> 00:32:47,423
To je dokument koji kaže,
ovo bismo mogli biti.

486
00:32:47,507 --> 00:32:50,593
And what I think makes
the United States so powerful

487
00:32:50,677 --> 00:32:54,681
je li doista jedna od rijetkih nacija
u svijetu koji je ambiciozan.

488
00:32:56,391 --> 00:33:00,186
Deklaracija o neovisnosti
je prekretnica u svjetskoj povijesti.

489
00:33:00,269 --> 00:33:03,815
To je zapravo formalni početak
doba revolucije.

490
00:33:04,565 --> 00:33:09,445
To je nadahnulo poriv za samoupravom.

491
00:33:10,321 --> 00:33:11,656
To je naučilo cijeli svijet

492
00:33:11,739 --> 00:33:14,409
kako razmišljati o
projekt samoupravljanja.

493
00:33:14,492 --> 00:33:16,327
Morate navesti svoje temeljne vrijednosti.

494
00:33:16,411 --> 00:33:19,205
Morate smisliti kako strukturirati
ovlasti vlade

495
00:33:19,288 --> 00:33:20,665
ići s tim temeljnim vrijednostima.

496
00:33:20,748 --> 00:33:23,960
And you gotta declare
vaše uzroke čovječanstvu.

497
00:33:29,882 --> 00:33:33,094
Osnovane su Sjedinjene Države
na tolike paradokse.

498
00:33:33,177 --> 00:33:37,223
Samo trebamo pogledati tu rezonantnu
rečenica: "Svi su ljudi stvoreni jednaki."

499
00:33:38,391 --> 00:33:42,311
Čovjek koji je napisao te riječi
bio robovlasnik.

500
00:33:44,647 --> 00:33:46,816
Jefferson sastavlja nacrt Deklaracije

501
00:33:46,899 --> 00:33:50,820
sa svojim porobljenim i pismenim slugom,
Robert Hemmings, za njegovim laktom

502
00:33:50,903 --> 00:33:55,658
radeći stvari koje možemo samo zamisliti
kao pomoćni igrač,

503
00:33:55,742 --> 00:33:58,828
čuvajući Jeffersonovu vrstu tijela i duše.

504
00:33:59,370 --> 00:34:01,831
Ideološki, barem naizgled,

505
00:34:01,914 --> 00:34:03,833
ti novonastali revolucionari

506
00:34:03,916 --> 00:34:09,005
predani su ovom hrabrom eksperimentu
samoupravljanja

507
00:34:09,505 --> 00:34:12,258
koji je ukorijenjen u ovoj dubokoj vjeri

508
00:34:12,341 --> 00:34:15,595
u sposobnostima ljudskih bića
ponašati se racionalno,

509
00:34:15,678 --> 00:34:18,139
donositi razumne prosudbe,

510
00:34:18,222 --> 00:34:24,062
sudjelovati u građanskim pravima
i rituali koji idu uz demokraciju.

511
00:34:25,646 --> 00:34:26,898
A u isto vrijeme,

512
00:34:27,815 --> 00:34:30,234
oni kupuju i prodaju ljudska bića

513
00:34:30,318 --> 00:34:32,862
i trgovanje ljudskim bićima

514
00:34:33,821 --> 00:34:36,991
i silovanje i oplodnju ljudskih bića.

515
00:34:44,499 --> 00:34:47,710
Deklaracija o neovisnosti
koristili su ljudi

516
00:34:47,794 --> 00:34:50,338
koji je vidio da postoji prilika

517
00:34:50,421 --> 00:34:54,467
odbiti se od prakse
of chattel slavery,

518
00:34:54,550 --> 00:34:57,053
koristeći riječi u tom dokumentu.

519
00:34:59,889 --> 00:35:01,599
Porobljeni i oslobođeni Crnci

520
00:35:01,682 --> 00:35:04,852
od gotovo trenutka
da je tinta bila suha

521
00:35:04,936 --> 00:35:08,856
koriste Deklaraciju
u vlastitim borbama za prava.

522
00:35:10,483 --> 00:35:13,277
Žene koje traže pravo glasa.

523
00:35:13,361 --> 00:35:17,323
Domorodački narodi koji žele upravljati svojim brodom

524
00:35:17,406 --> 00:35:21,911
kroz ovaj nevjerojatno ekspanzivan
Sjedinjene Države.

525
00:35:29,418 --> 00:35:31,629
Važnost
Deklaracije o neovisnosti

526
00:35:31,712 --> 00:35:34,340
is those principles can evolve over time.

527
00:35:35,466 --> 00:35:37,802
Taj dokument je

528
00:35:37,885 --> 00:35:41,430
jedan od najmoćnijih
filozofski alati

529
00:35:41,514 --> 00:35:43,015
za ljude koji traže prava

530
00:35:43,099 --> 00:35:45,726
diljem Sjedinjenih Država
i širom svijeta.

531
00:35:46,853 --> 00:35:48,896
Velik dio ostatka dokumenta

532
00:35:48,980 --> 00:35:50,523
koristi se za navođenje pritužbi

533
00:35:50,606 --> 00:35:52,316
protiv Britanaca.

534
00:35:52,400 --> 00:35:55,444
Raspustio se
predstavnički domovi više puta,

535
00:35:55,528 --> 00:35:58,239
imposing taxes on us without our consent.

536
00:35:58,322 --> 00:36:00,741
Zadržao je među nama u vrijeme mira

537
00:36:00,825 --> 00:36:04,620
stajaće vojske
bez suglasnosti naših zakonodavnih tijela.

538
00:36:04,704 --> 00:36:08,416
...zato što nas je, u mnogim slučajevima, lišio
o prednostima suđenja pred porotom.

539
00:36:09,250 --> 00:36:11,794
Opljačkao je naše more,
poharali našu obalu,

540
00:36:11,878 --> 00:36:14,714
spalio naše gradove,
i uništio živote naših ljudi.

541
00:36:20,386 --> 00:36:23,055
Ljudi koji glasaju
za Deklaraciju neovisnosti,

542
00:36:23,639 --> 00:36:26,309
ta podebljana imena su ljudi
koji imaju položaje.

543
00:36:27,602 --> 00:36:29,604
Imaju puno za izgubiti.

544
00:36:31,314 --> 00:36:33,566
Posjeduju najveće plantaže,

545
00:36:33,649 --> 00:36:36,986
najveći logori za prisilni rad
u svojim kolonijama.

546
00:36:37,069 --> 00:36:39,488
I znaju
da ako krenu protiv Britanaca,

547
00:36:39,572 --> 00:36:40,531
to je izdaja.

548
00:36:40,615 --> 00:36:44,160
Ovo je skok vjere u nepoznato.

549
00:36:44,243 --> 00:36:48,748
I morate se diviti
odvažnost i hrabrost

550
00:36:48,831 --> 00:36:53,336
onih koji su rekli, "U redu,
Zapravo ću proći kroz ovo."

551
00:36:54,795 --> 00:37:00,176
John Adams says, "I sat there
i gledao sam ljude taj dan

552
00:37:00,927 --> 00:37:02,929
i mogao sam im vidjeti lica."

553
00:37:03,012 --> 00:37:05,348
“I mogao sam vidjeti na njihovim licima
bilo je ljudi

554
00:37:05,431 --> 00:37:06,933
nisam zadovoljan tim dokumentom."

555
00:37:07,016 --> 00:37:10,937
Nisu bili sretni
o tome da moram proći kroz ovo.

556
00:37:11,020 --> 00:37:14,732
Smatrali su to opasnim,
kao izdajničko, kao izdaja, što je i bilo.

557
00:37:15,691 --> 00:37:17,818
Reći da ćemo svrgnuti svoje gospodare,

558
00:37:17,902 --> 00:37:19,570
ili ljudi koji se ponašaju kao naši gospodari,

559
00:37:19,654 --> 00:37:21,155
to je bilo značajno.

560
00:37:21,239 --> 00:37:25,201
Još uvijek sam u čudu
na ono što stavljaju na crtu

561
00:37:25,284 --> 00:37:28,871
i bili su spremni dati svoje živote
kako bi mogli imati ovu slobodu.

562
00:37:29,705 --> 00:37:32,500
Vrijedilo im je
težiti neovisnosti

563
00:37:32,583 --> 00:37:35,127
i da pritom,

564
00:37:35,211 --> 00:37:37,588
utjecali su na ljudsku povijest.

565
00:37:39,006 --> 00:37:44,262
Deklaracija o neovisnosti
dogovoreno je u Philadelphiji

566
00:37:44,345 --> 00:37:46,305
dne 4. srpnja 1776. god.

567
00:37:50,643 --> 00:37:53,646
Jedan od najvažnijih događaja
u povijesti svijeta.

568
00:37:54,772 --> 00:37:59,318
4. srpnja god.
vani je veliko čitanje teksta

569
00:37:59,402 --> 00:38:02,321
onoga što bismo sada nazvali
Dvorana neovisnosti.

570
00:38:02,405 --> 00:38:05,992
I glas se samo širi
stvarno brzo, kao šumski požar.

571
00:38:06,867 --> 00:38:08,953
Pročitana je Deklaracija o neovisnosti

572
00:38:09,036 --> 00:38:12,331
na čelu svake brigade
kontinentalne vojske,

573
00:38:12,415 --> 00:38:17,420
objavljen u New Yorku i njegovoj blizini
i posvuda primljeni s glasnim huzama

574
00:38:17,503 --> 00:38:19,964
i najveće demonstracije radosti.

575
00:38:24,010 --> 00:38:26,304
Kad je George Washington dobio primjerak,

576
00:38:27,013 --> 00:38:29,640
on je sa svojim trupama na Manhattanu,

577
00:38:29,724 --> 00:38:33,185
a on naredi da se to pročita naglas
pred svojim vojnicima.

578
00:38:34,270 --> 00:38:37,231
Tko zatim nastavi silaziti do Boweryja,

579
00:38:38,691 --> 00:38:41,986
gdje je bio kip
Jurja III.

580
00:38:43,112 --> 00:38:47,158
Njujorčani su ga podigli
samo šest godina ranije.

581
00:38:49,201 --> 00:38:52,288
Pa ipak, u srpnju 1776.

582
00:38:52,371 --> 00:38:53,748
Amerikanci će,

583
00:38:53,831 --> 00:38:56,876
nakon što je čuo vijest
Deklaracije o neovisnosti,

584
00:38:56,959 --> 00:38:58,169
povuci dolje...

585
00:38:59,211 --> 00:39:00,463
...nasjeckajte ga na komade,

586
00:39:01,630 --> 00:39:03,924
poslati komade
u Litchfield, Connecticut,

587
00:39:04,884 --> 00:39:07,511
gdje je olovo kipa
će se otopiti

588
00:39:07,595 --> 00:39:10,097
u kugle za muškete
za kontinentalnu vojsku.

589
00:39:14,602 --> 00:39:17,688
Do ovog trenutka Amerikanci
osigurali ovo uzvišenje

590
00:39:17,772 --> 00:39:20,191
u Dorchester Heightsu iznad Bostona.

591
00:39:21,859 --> 00:39:24,820
Stavili su topove
pucati na Britance,

592
00:39:24,904 --> 00:39:28,032
i William Howe vidi što su učinili,

593
00:39:28,115 --> 00:39:30,242
ali se sjeća što se dogodilo na Bunker Hillu

594
00:39:30,326 --> 00:39:33,913
i kaže: "Vrijeme je za nas
da odem odavde."

595
00:39:36,832 --> 00:39:38,250
Odlaze u Novu Škotsku,

596
00:39:38,334 --> 00:39:41,837
i preko ljeta,
on sastavlja golemu flotu

597
00:39:41,921 --> 00:39:44,924
uz pomoć ministara u Engleskoj,

598
00:39:45,007 --> 00:39:50,846
a uskoro kreću prema
Njujorška luka u ljeto 1776.

599
00:39:51,347 --> 00:39:54,809
Bit će to u New Yorku
gdje će carstvo uzvratiti udarac.

600
00:39:56,936 --> 00:39:59,188
Washington mora pokušati
braniti cijeli New York.

601
00:39:59,271 --> 00:40:02,650
Kontinentalni kongres kaže,
"Morate braniti New York."

602
00:40:02,733 --> 00:40:04,819
But it's impossible
braniti ga bez mornarice

603
00:40:04,902 --> 00:40:06,904
jer Manhattan,
kao što znamo, je otok.

604
00:40:08,072 --> 00:40:11,242
On zapravo šalje nekoga dolje
pogledati bojno polje

605
00:40:11,325 --> 00:40:13,327
a on kaže: "Ovo je neobranjivo".

606
00:40:14,203 --> 00:40:17,748
Unatoč tome, Washington šalje vojsku.

607
00:40:17,832 --> 00:40:20,709
A pitanje je zašto to radi?

608
00:40:21,293 --> 00:40:26,590
Jedan razlog je zato što mu je rečeno
od strane civilne vlade da to učini.

609
00:40:28,384 --> 00:40:30,803
Washington je jedinstven na mnogo načina,

610
00:40:31,303 --> 00:40:34,432
a mislim da je jedan od njih
je njegovo razumijevanje njegove veze

611
00:40:34,515 --> 00:40:35,724
Kontinentalnom kongresu,

612
00:40:35,808 --> 00:40:37,977
u biti civilna kontrola
nad vojskom.

613
00:40:39,395 --> 00:40:41,772
I dalje poštuje
civilna vlast,

614
00:40:42,857 --> 00:40:45,067
ali braneći New York
bila nemoguća misija.

615
00:40:46,610 --> 00:40:47,987
Long Island je otok,

616
00:40:48,070 --> 00:40:50,072
a između su ogromni vodeni putovi.

617
00:40:50,156 --> 00:40:51,532
Ako ih ne možete kontrolirati,

618
00:40:51,615 --> 00:40:54,243
ne možeš kontrolirati
gdje se trupe mogu iskrcati.

619
00:40:55,327 --> 00:40:57,872
Britanci su poslali
najveće ekspedicione snage

620
00:40:57,955 --> 00:41:00,875
u zabilježenoj modernoj povijesti do New Yorka.

621
00:41:03,461 --> 00:41:06,589
Britanska vlada
došao do spoznaje,

622
00:41:06,672 --> 00:41:08,382
"Moramo brzo dobiti rat,

623
00:41:09,300 --> 00:41:11,760
i tako ćemo zadati snažan udarac."

624
00:41:12,344 --> 00:41:15,723
Najveća armada ikada
prijeći Atlantik

625
00:41:16,223 --> 00:41:18,100
sa 32 000 vojnika.

626
00:41:22,146 --> 00:41:25,316
Amfibijske operacije su
jedno od područja gdje Britanci blistaju.

627
00:41:25,399 --> 00:41:28,903
To je mjesto gdje se mogu koristiti
njihova prednost u pomorskoj moći.

628
00:41:30,029 --> 00:41:33,073
Koristit će ga po redu
da slomi ovu pobunu u njenoj kolijevci

629
00:41:33,157 --> 00:41:35,993
prije nego što se može još više raširiti.

630
00:41:36,494 --> 00:41:40,748
Njihov zapovjednik, Howe,
by this point has trained his men well.

631
00:41:41,916 --> 00:41:45,544
Slijeću na Long Island.

632
00:41:45,628 --> 00:41:49,757
Strah oko New Yorka bio je intenzivan.
Nema sumnje u to.

633
00:41:50,966 --> 00:41:54,220
Ako je kontinentalna vojska
nije prošao kroz ovu bitku,

634
00:41:54,303 --> 00:41:57,973
ne bi bilo kontinentalne vojske,
i ne bi bilo revolucije.

635
00:41:58,057 --> 00:41:59,517
Ili bih trebao reći,

636
00:42:00,017 --> 00:42:02,394
bila je revolucija, i završila je.

637
00:42:03,229 --> 00:42:06,023
Washington griješi
u bitci kod Long Islanda

638
00:42:06,106 --> 00:42:08,192
jer ne štiti svoje bokove.

639
00:42:11,153 --> 00:42:17,326
Jamaica Pass je staza
na Long Islandu na krajnjem istoku.

640
00:42:17,409 --> 00:42:20,579
iz bilo kojeg razloga,
Washington ne brani.

641
00:42:20,663 --> 00:42:22,248
Misli da je predaleko.

642
00:42:22,331 --> 00:42:24,833
Britanci ne bi nikad
ići tako daleko okolo.

643
00:42:27,044 --> 00:42:31,715
I koriste taj put
kružiti iza američkih snaga.

644
00:42:32,508 --> 00:42:34,927
Opkolili su se s boka
kontinentalne vojske.

645
00:42:38,847 --> 00:42:41,976
Bitka je bila stvarno izbliza
i osobno ubijanje

646
00:42:42,059 --> 00:42:43,561
u značajnom broju.

647
00:42:44,937 --> 00:42:46,272
To je brutalno.

648
00:42:46,355 --> 00:42:48,941
To je licem u lice.

649
00:42:52,278 --> 00:42:54,029
To je vrlo krvava bitka.

650
00:42:58,158 --> 00:43:00,786
Washingtonove snage počinju posustajati.

651
00:43:04,081 --> 00:43:06,834
Nastaje panika. Postoji povlačenje.

652
00:43:17,219 --> 00:43:19,346
To je užasan poraz.

653
00:43:23,767 --> 00:43:25,603
Do kraja dana,

654
00:43:25,686 --> 00:43:28,856
27. kolovoza 1776.

655
00:43:28,939 --> 00:43:33,068
Britanci su srušili
veliki dio vojske.

656
00:43:33,819 --> 00:43:35,904
Stotine mrtvih ili ranjenih.

657
00:43:37,281 --> 00:43:38,824
Kontinentalna vojska drži

658
00:43:38,907 --> 00:43:41,327
na Brooklyn Heightsu
na kraju bitke prvog dana.

659
00:43:41,410 --> 00:43:44,788
I britanska vojska
planira napad.

660
00:43:47,249 --> 00:43:49,835
Washington je zarobljen
kao što je britanska omča polako

661
00:43:49,918 --> 00:43:51,795
zatvarajući se oko njegovih snaga.

662
00:43:54,089 --> 00:43:57,176
Ali Britanci nisu u stanju
zauzeti Washington.

663
00:43:59,553 --> 00:44:03,474
Kontinentalna vojska je imala sreće.
Vrijeme im je išlo na ruku.

664
00:44:06,685 --> 00:44:09,813
Što radi u bitci za Long Island

665
00:44:09,897 --> 00:44:13,859
je postići jedno od velikih povlačenja
svih vremena.

666
00:44:19,156 --> 00:44:22,326
Noću, s grupom malenih čamaca,

667
00:44:22,409 --> 00:44:28,123
on šatla svoje ljude u magli
preko East Rivera u New York.

668
00:44:31,460 --> 00:44:33,337
A kad svane,

669
00:44:33,921 --> 00:44:35,798
američka vojska je otišla.

670
00:44:36,799 --> 00:44:38,509
Sada su u New Yorku.

671
00:44:39,843 --> 00:44:42,471
Do vremena magla
razvedrilo se kasnije tog jutra,

672
00:44:42,554 --> 00:44:45,307
Britanci su upravo vidjeli prazan logor.

673
00:44:45,391 --> 00:44:49,186
Bilo je na neki način čudesno da je uspio
da evakuira što veći dio snaga koje je učinio.

674
00:44:50,896 --> 00:44:54,024
To je početak igre
mačke i miša.

675
00:44:57,403 --> 00:44:59,446
Ono što slijedi je niz katastrofa

676
00:44:59,530 --> 00:45:01,865
u biti tako
po cijelom Manhattanu

677
00:45:01,949 --> 00:45:06,036
gdje se bori Washingtonova vojska.
Dobivaju batine. Stalno se vraćaju.

678
00:45:06,870 --> 00:45:09,373
Zbog njihove pomorske kontrole
vodenih putova

679
00:45:09,456 --> 00:45:11,291
i suradnja između vojske

680
00:45:11,375 --> 00:45:13,961
i mornarice
to se događa na britanskoj strani,

681
00:45:14,044 --> 00:45:16,964
Britanci mogu, u određenoj mjeri,
idu kamo žele.

682
00:45:18,590 --> 00:45:24,471
I tako povlačenje na otok Manhattan
is an incredibly haphazard,

683
00:45:24,555 --> 00:45:26,432
demoralizirajuća afera za Amerikance.

684
00:45:26,515 --> 00:45:28,559
Mislim, dobivamo račune Amerikanaca.

685
00:45:28,642 --> 00:45:32,771
I čitati njihova sjećanja na ovo,
poput Josepha Pluma Martina,

686
00:45:32,855 --> 00:45:37,359
Svaki muškarac kojeg sam vidjela
nastojao svim trijeznim sredstvima

687
00:45:37,443 --> 00:45:40,028
pobjeći od smrti ili zarobljeništva,

688
00:45:40,112 --> 00:45:44,366
koji je u to vrijeme rata,
bila gotovo sigurna smrt.

689
00:45:45,492 --> 00:45:50,164
Račun mu je razbacan. To je slučajno.
Zbunjujuće je. To je zastrašujuće.

690
00:45:50,247 --> 00:45:52,875
Skriva se tu i tamo,
pa ga Britanci neće pronaći

691
00:45:52,958 --> 00:45:54,710
a zatim pokušava ponovno udružiti snage,

692
00:45:54,793 --> 00:45:57,963
biti uhvaćen od strane ovih tipova,
pokušavajući zaobići oko njih u noći.

693
00:45:58,046 --> 00:46:00,090
Mislim, apsolutno je kaotično.

694
00:46:00,174 --> 00:46:04,219
A tu je i velika količina nereda
dok se Washington nastavlja povlačiti

695
00:46:04,303 --> 00:46:06,013
kao što Britanci imaju svoj uspjeh.

696
00:46:09,516 --> 00:46:12,561
Washington je dosljedno
biti nadmašen, nadmašen

697
00:46:12,644 --> 00:46:14,646
na svakom od ovih angažmana.

698
00:46:18,567 --> 00:46:21,320
U blizini Fort Washingtona
na krajnjem sjevernom dijelu otoka,

699
00:46:21,403 --> 00:46:25,866
Britanci se skaliraju
neke prilično izvanredne utvrde.

700
00:46:27,367 --> 00:46:28,577
I s velikim uspjehom,

701
00:46:28,660 --> 00:46:31,246
forsirajući cijelu Fort Washington
predati se,

702
00:46:31,330 --> 00:46:33,749
dajući im kontrolu nad otokom Manhattan.

703
00:46:35,876 --> 00:46:39,797
Ovo je demoralizirajući neuspjeh
za Washington,

704
00:46:39,880 --> 00:46:41,131
i osobno mislim,

705
00:46:41,215 --> 00:46:44,009
koliko god to bilo za šire
Napori kontinentalne vojske.

706
00:46:45,886 --> 00:46:50,390
Ovo je najžalosnija afera
i zadao mi je veliko poniženje

707
00:46:50,474 --> 00:46:54,353
kao što smo izgubili
not only 2,000 men that were there

708
00:46:54,436 --> 00:46:58,649
but a good deal of artillery
and some of the best arms we had.

709
00:47:01,151 --> 00:47:03,487
The British will reclaim New York,

710
00:47:03,570 --> 00:47:07,282
and the Americans lose an important
strategic hub on the East Coast.

711
00:47:08,242 --> 00:47:11,370
Britansko zarobljavanje
thousands of American troops,

712
00:47:11,453 --> 00:47:12,996
and those American troops,

713
00:47:13,080 --> 00:47:15,332
većim dijelom,
are being prisoners of war

714
00:47:15,415 --> 00:47:18,043
na ovim zatvoreničkim brodovima
here in the New York City area.

715
00:47:18,126 --> 00:47:20,420
And those were just terrible places to be.

716
00:47:20,504 --> 00:47:23,632
Thousands of American troops
ondje je umro od bolesti.

717
00:47:28,303 --> 00:47:32,516
General Howe je vozio
the American Army out of that region.

718
00:47:33,433 --> 00:47:37,312
As they are being harassed
and chased through New Jersey,

719
00:47:37,396 --> 00:47:39,731
it couldn't get much worse for them.

720
00:47:40,899 --> 00:47:43,318
I cannot express the hardship and fatigue

721
00:47:43,402 --> 00:47:46,238
prošli smo
on our march from place to place.

722
00:47:46,321 --> 00:47:48,282
I hope God will still preserve us

723
00:47:48,365 --> 00:47:52,870
and give us an opportunity
of meeting together again in this world.

724
00:47:52,953 --> 00:47:56,081
To povlačenje je jedno
of the most harrowing for the Americans

725
00:47:56,164 --> 00:47:58,792
because it's unclear where it will end.

726
00:47:58,876 --> 00:48:00,210
Imate nespremne muškarce

727
00:48:00,294 --> 00:48:03,714
za promjenu vremena
kad dođeš do hladnoće, mokra jesen.

728
00:48:07,801 --> 00:48:08,927
A onda zima.

729
00:48:12,806 --> 00:48:14,433
Imate milicionere iz Connecticuta

730
00:48:14,516 --> 00:48:18,103
koji su pozvani i koji idu
na ono što vide bit će ljetna kampanja

731
00:48:18,186 --> 00:48:19,855
nosi ljetnu odjeću.

732
00:48:21,648 --> 00:48:23,984
Ali dođete do sredine zime
u snježnoj mećavi,

733
00:48:24,067 --> 00:48:26,945
i odjeću koju imaju
nije prikladan za te uvjete.

734
00:48:27,654 --> 00:48:30,991
Ovaj marš na računu
od ozbiljnosti vremena

735
00:48:31,074 --> 00:48:34,912
i loše stanje vojnika,
posebno u pogledu cipela,

736
00:48:34,995 --> 00:48:38,999
mnogi su skoro bosi,
i cijela vrlo loše odjevena

737
00:48:39,082 --> 00:48:41,043
postao vrlo dosadan posao.

738
00:48:41,126 --> 00:48:43,795
I broj naših hrabrih suboraca
plakali kao djeca

739
00:48:43,879 --> 00:48:45,380
s težinom hladnoće

740
00:48:45,464 --> 00:48:50,093
i bol putovanja, njihovi koraci
često ostavljajući tragove krvi.

741
00:48:51,386 --> 00:48:54,431
Mnogi nemaju prave cipele,
i hodaju bosi,

742
00:48:54,514 --> 00:48:57,309
i tvoja stopala
posjeku se i zaraze,

743
00:48:57,392 --> 00:48:59,394
a mnogi od njih su ranjeni.

744
00:49:01,229 --> 00:49:03,899
Njihove su muke izuzetno velike.

745
00:49:03,982 --> 00:49:08,278
Mnogi od njih su potpuno goli,
a većina tako tanko odjevena

746
00:49:08,362 --> 00:49:10,155
kao da je nesposoban za službu.

747
00:49:11,949 --> 00:49:14,618
Moram zamoliti Kongres
pisati agentima

748
00:49:14,701 --> 00:49:17,287
i izvođačima radova na ovoj temi.

749
00:49:18,121 --> 00:49:21,333
Washington očajnički
treba ih da se drže.

750
00:49:22,459 --> 00:49:27,297
Još deset dana će staviti točku
na postojanje naše vojske.

751
00:49:27,381 --> 00:49:31,343
Kratka novačenja i pogreška
ovisnost o miliciji

752
00:49:31,426 --> 00:49:34,930
bili podrijetlo
svih naših nesreća.

753
00:49:39,977 --> 00:49:42,521
Do prosinca 1776.

754
00:49:42,604 --> 00:49:45,983
kontinentalne vojske
bio leđima naslonjen na zid.

755
00:49:47,025 --> 00:49:50,862
Britanci imaju
ova velika vojska u Americi

756
00:49:50,946 --> 00:49:54,157
to će početi
vidjeti Amerikance

757
00:49:54,241 --> 00:49:57,744
kao inferioran i odvojen narod,

758
00:49:57,828 --> 00:50:01,498
i tretiraju ih, iskreno,
s velikom dozom zanemarivanja.

759
00:50:03,542 --> 00:50:07,838
Postoji niz izvještaja
seksualnih napada.

760
00:50:12,467 --> 00:50:14,344
There are a number of reports

761
00:50:14,428 --> 00:50:18,098
britanskih vojnika koji su pljačkali
vlasništvo Amerikanaca.

762
00:50:19,349 --> 00:50:21,977
Tražili su joj prsten s prsta.

763
00:50:22,060 --> 00:50:25,188
Molila je za to,
rekla im je da je to njezin vjenčani prsten

764
00:50:25,272 --> 00:50:27,524
i molila da joj dopuste da ga zadrži,

765
00:50:27,607 --> 00:50:31,611
ali su ipak zahtijevali
i, pokazujući joj pištolj,

766
00:50:31,695 --> 00:50:35,615
zakleo ako ga ne isporuči
odmah bi pucali.

767
00:50:36,366 --> 00:50:38,827
Gdje god britanski vojnici odu,

768
00:50:38,910 --> 00:50:42,289
mogu zauzeti grad,
ali čim odu,

769
00:50:42,372 --> 00:50:45,167
ljudi će prestati govoriti
"Bože čuvaj kralja"

770
00:50:45,250 --> 00:50:48,170
i počnu govoriti, znaš,
"Bože čuvaj Georgea Washingtona."

771
00:50:49,504 --> 00:50:52,132
Jer vide
pred vlastitim očima

772
00:50:52,215 --> 00:50:56,053
tiranska priroda
britanske okupacije.

773
00:50:58,388 --> 00:51:02,726
Na bijes Amerikanaca,
Britanci su također unajmili plaćenike.

774
00:51:02,809 --> 00:51:04,603
Hesenski vojnici iz Njemačke.

775
00:51:06,313 --> 00:51:09,107
Hesenovci
su grupa njemačkih pomoćnika

776
00:51:09,191 --> 00:51:14,029
koje je angažirala britanska vlada
služiti u njihovim ratovima.

777
00:51:15,739 --> 00:51:17,824
Amerikanci su to shvatili kao veliku uvredu.

778
00:51:17,908 --> 00:51:21,536
Angažirali su "strance" da se bore protiv nas.

779
00:51:22,537 --> 00:51:25,248
Bili su to vrlo dobro disciplinirani vojnici

780
00:51:25,332 --> 00:51:29,252
sa strašnom reputacijom
za boj i pokolj.

781
00:51:31,046 --> 00:51:34,549
Prema Amerikancima,
siluju i pljačkaju svoj put

782
00:51:34,633 --> 00:51:37,552
kroz okrug Westchester,
dolje u New Jersey.

783
00:51:39,638 --> 00:51:43,058
Hesenci su se istinski razbjesnili
američki narod.

784
00:51:50,774 --> 00:51:53,443
Nakon bitke za New York,
izgleda kao Amerikanci

785
00:51:53,527 --> 00:51:56,655
gube i na izmaku su.

786
00:51:57,322 --> 00:52:00,742
Congress and the states
ne financiraju dovoljno vojsku,

787
00:52:00,826 --> 00:52:03,578
i većina Washingtonovih vojnih vojnika

788
00:52:03,662 --> 00:52:06,832
istječe krajem 1776.

789
00:52:06,915 --> 00:52:09,918
i on će imati
regrutirati cijelu novu vojsku.

790
00:52:10,627 --> 00:52:14,089
Nisu imali dovoljno hrane,
nisu imali dovoljno zaliha,

791
00:52:14,172 --> 00:52:15,632
i nisu bili sigurni

792
00:52:15,715 --> 00:52:17,801
ako američki narod
još bili s njima.

793
00:52:32,816 --> 00:52:35,402
To je kontekst u kojem Thomas Paine

794
00:52:35,485 --> 00:52:38,238
napisao je svoj drugi
najpoznatiji američki pamflet.

795
00:52:44,369 --> 00:52:47,706
Thomas Paine marširao je dolje
s Georgeom Washingtonom

796
00:52:47,789 --> 00:52:49,833
kroz New Jersey
dok ih tuku.

797
00:52:51,168 --> 00:52:54,087
Prema jednoj priči,
on piše svoj pamflet,

798
00:52:54,171 --> 00:52:56,715
Kriza, na bubanj.

799
00:52:58,925 --> 00:53:03,054
Pokušava podići moral
ovih vojnika.

800
00:53:04,681 --> 00:53:08,476
Thomas Paine je napisao: "Ovo su vremena
koje kušaju ljudske duše."

801
00:53:10,478 --> 00:53:12,981
Ljetni vojnik
a sunašce domoljub

802
00:53:13,064 --> 00:53:17,277
će se u ovoj krizi smanjiti
iz službe svojoj domovini,

803
00:53:18,069 --> 00:53:22,866
ali onaj tko stoji sada zaslužuje
ljubav i zahvalnost muškarca i žene.

804
00:53:22,949 --> 00:53:27,078
Tiranija, kao pakao,
nije lako osvojiti.

805
00:53:28,830 --> 00:53:31,583
Pruža neku vrstu
psihološko streljivo

806
00:53:31,666 --> 00:53:35,337
američkim snagama
izdržati još toliko.

807
00:53:36,504 --> 00:53:38,924
Volim čovjeka koji se može nasmiješiti u nevolji,

808
00:53:39,007 --> 00:53:43,845
koji može skupiti snagu iz nevolje
i hrabri se razmišljanjem.

809
00:53:44,971 --> 00:53:47,599
To je posao
malih umova za smanjenje,

810
00:53:48,099 --> 00:53:49,935
ali onaj čije je srce čvrsto

811
00:53:50,018 --> 00:53:52,229
i čija savjest dokazuje njegovo ponašanje,

812
00:53:52,312 --> 00:53:55,482
slijedit će svoja načela do smrti.

813
00:53:57,734 --> 00:54:00,070
Ovaj trenutak dolazi poslije
neki od Washingtonovih

814
00:54:00,153 --> 00:54:02,364
donošenje najgorih odluka tijekom rata.

815
00:54:02,447 --> 00:54:04,532
Dovodilo se u pitanje njegovo zapovijedanje.

816
00:54:05,617 --> 00:54:10,413
Bilo je nekoliko kongresmena
te izvjestan broj pristaša vojske

817
00:54:10,497 --> 00:54:13,667
koji je počeo ispitivati hoće li ili ne
Washington je bio prava osoba

818
00:54:13,750 --> 00:54:15,043
voditi snage.

819
00:54:15,126 --> 00:54:16,962
Je li bio previše neiskusan?

820
00:54:17,045 --> 00:54:19,214
Je li pokazao lošu prosudbu?

821
00:54:20,632 --> 00:54:23,176
Washington treba
učiniti nešto ne samo promijeniti

822
00:54:23,260 --> 00:54:27,055
zamah rata,
ali spasi vlastiti posao.

823
00:54:29,724 --> 00:54:32,394
Gubi ljude lijevo i desno.

824
00:54:34,980 --> 00:54:40,735
3000 ljudi koje mu je ostalo,
ovo su jaki, dobri vojnici.

825
00:54:40,819 --> 00:54:43,196
Ovo su borci, ali su umorni.

826
00:54:44,364 --> 00:54:48,285
Znate, oni su u četvrtoj četvrtini
i gube, znate, 35 prema sedam.

827
00:54:48,368 --> 00:54:50,662
They're a bit dejected, but they're tough.

828
00:54:50,745 --> 00:54:52,789
One su neke od najboljih koje ima,

829
00:54:52,872 --> 00:54:57,043
i vidite kako tijekom deset ključnih dana,
pojačavaju se.

830
00:55:03,300 --> 00:55:07,429
Što Washington shvaća
je da je Howe napustio svoje Hesse

831
00:55:07,512 --> 00:55:10,098
u vrlo nesigurnoj situaciji.

832
00:55:12,851 --> 00:55:19,524
Washington shvaća može li uspjeti
nekakav pokret protiv Hesenaca

833
00:55:19,607 --> 00:55:21,818
stationed in New Jersey,

834
00:55:21,901 --> 00:55:24,446
možda se može promijeniti
zamah rata.

835
00:55:29,159 --> 00:55:32,329
And so he hatches the plan
da napadnu Trentona.

836
00:55:36,583 --> 00:55:39,210
He made the decision to lead his army

837
00:55:39,294 --> 00:55:42,839
as they rode across the icy Delaware River

838
00:55:44,341 --> 00:55:46,926
to conduct a surprise Christmas attack

839
00:55:47,010 --> 00:55:50,221
at a time when traditionally
ljudi se nikada nisu borili.

840
00:55:53,099 --> 00:55:56,102
It's a desperate last attempt to stop

841
00:55:56,186 --> 00:55:58,521
what seems like the British juggernaut.

842
00:56:00,482 --> 00:56:02,567
On izvodi Zdravomariju.

843
00:56:04,152 --> 00:56:05,236
Washington kaže,

844
00:56:06,529 --> 00:56:08,365
"It's either victory or death."

845
00:56:14,579 --> 00:56:17,499
There's a famous painting
of Washington crossing the Delaware.

846
00:56:18,375 --> 00:56:21,252
It's daylight and, you know,
the sunshine is breaking.

847
00:56:21,753 --> 00:56:23,546
That's completely a fiction.

848
00:56:24,464 --> 00:56:28,635
This was a miserable business
done in the dead of night.

849
00:56:29,886 --> 00:56:32,055
Two men actually freeze to death.

850
00:56:32,138 --> 00:56:36,267
One guy says that, "I sat down on a log,
and I just felt myself getting tired."

851
00:56:36,351 --> 00:56:40,188
And if his friends hadn't woke him up,
he probably would have been number three.

852
00:56:42,899 --> 00:56:47,737
They rode across the Delaware,
gurajući u stranu led.

853
00:56:48,947 --> 00:56:52,200
Kroz mećavu,
they march towards Trenton.

854
00:57:03,253 --> 00:57:05,880
Washington launches the attack.

855
00:57:06,589 --> 00:57:08,216
Vatra!

856
00:57:12,345 --> 00:57:16,933
I skoro je
a psychedelic experience for the men.

857
00:57:19,227 --> 00:57:22,856
There are rumors that the Hessians
were drunk celebrating Christmas,

858
00:57:22,939 --> 00:57:24,899
but they don't seem to have been.

859
00:57:25,775 --> 00:57:28,403
To je samo to
the Hessian troops are not ready.

860
00:57:28,486 --> 00:57:30,155
They have no reason to fear

861
00:57:30,238 --> 00:57:32,657
taj Washingtonov
gonna do something so bold.

862
00:57:34,659 --> 00:57:37,912
The Americans are charging
through the wide streets of Trenton

863
00:57:37,996 --> 00:57:39,664
prema Hesenima.

864
00:57:39,747 --> 00:57:41,666
They can't see very well.

865
00:57:44,502 --> 00:57:47,672
Washington je imenovao
a commander of artillery,

866
00:57:47,755 --> 00:57:52,177
a former bookstore owner named Henry Knox.

867
00:57:52,260 --> 00:57:56,097
He has succeeded a scene of war
of which I had often conceived

868
00:57:56,181 --> 00:57:57,974
ali nikad prije nisam vidio.

869
00:57:58,057 --> 00:58:00,435
The troops behaved like men

870
00:58:00,518 --> 00:58:04,522
contending for everything
that was dear and valuable.

871
00:58:06,816 --> 00:58:09,986
Kontinentalna vojska
engaging in very close quarters

872
00:58:10,069 --> 00:58:12,322
fighting as they push the Hessians

873
00:58:12,405 --> 00:58:16,784
through the town of Trenton,
street by street, building by building.

874
00:58:16,868 --> 00:58:19,913
Oni koji nisu ubijeni
ili se ranjeni predaju.

875
00:58:19,996 --> 00:58:23,374
Finding from our deposition
that they were surrounded

876
00:58:23,458 --> 00:58:26,044
and they must inevitably be cut to pieces

877
00:58:26,127 --> 00:58:31,883
if they made any further resistance,
they agreed to lay down their arms.

878
00:58:31,966 --> 00:58:35,762
Washington has won the Battle of Trenton.

879
00:58:39,474 --> 00:58:43,603
Psychologically, it's a really
important win for the Continental Army.

880
00:58:47,774 --> 00:58:50,235
It caused many of those soldiers

881
00:58:50,318 --> 00:58:52,695
to have a sudden burst of confidence.

882
00:58:54,280 --> 00:58:56,616
The Continental Army is Rocky Balboa.

883
00:58:56,699 --> 00:58:57,992
We may not be the fastest

884
00:58:58,076 --> 00:59:00,203
i najjača,
but we're not gonna quit.

885
00:59:00,286 --> 00:59:02,163
You're gonna have to fight us to the end.

886
00:59:03,873 --> 00:59:07,001
Morale is really having
a sense that you can win,

887
00:59:07,085 --> 00:59:08,503
that you can make a difference.

888
00:59:08,586 --> 00:59:10,547
I naravno,
you're always worried and caring

889
00:59:10,630 --> 00:59:12,882
about the welfare of your troopers.

890
00:59:12,966 --> 00:59:15,635
Ali najbolja stvar
you can provide soldiers with

891
00:59:15,718 --> 00:59:18,763
je znanje
that the risk that they may take

892
00:59:18,846 --> 00:59:22,850
and the sacrifices they may make
will contribute to an outcome

893
00:59:22,934 --> 00:59:26,646
dostojni tih rizika
and worthy of those sacrifices.

894
00:59:26,729 --> 00:59:31,442
These bonds of mutual trust,
respect, and common purpose.

895
00:59:40,410 --> 00:59:42,662
Because of Washington's leadership,

896
00:59:42,745 --> 00:59:46,332
veliki broj njih
were willing to gut it out

897
00:59:46,416 --> 00:59:49,752
and continue this campaign
u godinu 1777.

898
00:59:52,755 --> 00:59:56,509
I think that they felt like
imali su pravu priliku

899
00:59:56,593 --> 00:59:58,886
to create something brand new.

900
00:59:59,679 --> 01:00:03,182
Bili su puni nade.
They thought that it could be done.

901
01:00:03,766 --> 01:00:07,478
George Washington believed
in what he was fighting for,

902
01:00:08,104 --> 01:00:12,358
što nije bilo upravo
just achieving a victory in a war.

903
01:00:12,442 --> 01:00:15,987
Nije bilo odbojno
kraljeva tiranija,

904
01:00:16,654 --> 01:00:18,031
but it was winning liberty

905
01:00:18,781 --> 01:00:20,199
za američki narod.

906
01:00:24,829 --> 01:00:27,540
And earning the right for self-government.

907
01:00:33,379 --> 01:00:36,382
Washington's now on the board
ozbiljnom pobjedom,

908
01:00:37,759 --> 01:00:41,179
but he still is faced with the reality

909
01:00:41,262 --> 01:00:43,097
that significant British forces

910
01:00:43,181 --> 01:00:45,975
su koncentrirani
around New York and New Jersey.

911
01:00:47,935 --> 01:00:50,980
And America still has no allies.

912
01:00:52,482 --> 01:00:55,693
Pa iako mislimo
prelaska Delawarea

913
01:00:55,777 --> 01:00:59,113
and the battle at Trenton
kao veliki trenutak,

914
01:00:59,197 --> 01:01:02,158
it's a respite, not a turning point.

915
01:01:05,036 --> 01:01:06,788
And yet there's so much hope.

916
01:01:12,502 --> 01:01:15,505
As long as the Continental Army survived,

917
01:01:18,675 --> 01:01:21,302
the American Revolution survived.

918
01:01:23,000 --> 01:01:25,000
{\an8} <boja fonta=
--=[ DeLeuksteThuis ]=--