1 00:02:19,741 --> 00:02:22,777 When I sit down to write a book, 2 00:02:22,877 --> 00:02:25,013 I do not say to myself, 3 00:02:25,113 --> 00:02:28,983 "I'm going to produce a work of art." 4 00:02:29,083 --> 00:02:33,855 I write it because there is some lie that I want to expose, 5 00:02:34,254 --> 00:02:37,925 some fact to which I want to draw attention, 6 00:02:38,559 --> 00:02:42,462 and my initial concern is to get a hearing. 7 00:02:44,431 --> 00:02:49,504 My starting point is always a feeling of partisanship, 8 00:02:49,904 --> 00:02:52,339 a sense of injustice. 9 00:02:59,312 --> 00:03:01,015 Two and two. 10 00:03:01,115 --> 00:03:02,850 Four. 11 00:03:02,950 --> 00:03:04,585 - Again? - Four. 12 00:03:04,686 --> 00:03:07,088 Good. There are people who'll tell you 13 00:03:07,187 --> 00:03:08,956 the answer's five. 14 00:03:11,626 --> 00:03:14,361 Usually, they're called government. 15 00:03:16,030 --> 00:03:17,665 Great leaders. 16 00:03:19,133 --> 00:03:21,401 It becomes very important to them 17 00:03:21,836 --> 00:03:26,107 that the people should believe that the answer's five. 18 00:03:26,206 --> 00:03:28,308 They'll tell you lies. 19 00:03:29,443 --> 00:03:31,378 They'll torture you. 20 00:03:33,047 --> 00:03:34,549 They'll kill you. 21 00:03:36,851 --> 00:03:39,153 At the moment of death, 22 00:03:39,587 --> 00:03:42,389 you must still insist that the answer 23 00:03:42,824 --> 00:03:44,224 is four. 24 00:04:12,520 --> 00:04:15,623 April 18th, 1984. 25 00:04:17,424 --> 00:04:19,459 Nobody keeps a diary today. 26 00:04:20,027 --> 00:04:24,766 Because to do so would be punishable by death. 27 00:04:30,571 --> 00:04:32,439 I don't care anymore. 28 00:04:33,574 --> 00:04:36,177 I found this old book by chance. 29 00:04:38,679 --> 00:04:42,683 I'm going to set down what I dare not say aloud to anyone. 30 00:04:51,526 --> 00:04:55,462 This, in 1984, is London, 31 00:04:55,563 --> 00:04:57,832 chief city of Airstrip 1, 32 00:04:57,932 --> 00:05:00,968 a province of the state of Oceania. 33 00:05:17,251 --> 00:05:22,455 From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, 34 00:05:22,957 --> 00:05:26,661 I knew that when I grew up, I should be a writer. 35 00:05:28,129 --> 00:05:30,097 I had the lonely child's habit 36 00:05:30,198 --> 00:05:31,766 of making up stories 37 00:05:31,866 --> 00:05:35,803 and holding conversations with imaginary persons. 38 00:05:36,938 --> 00:05:39,707 I knew that I had a facility with words 39 00:05:39,807 --> 00:05:43,343 and a power of facing unpleasant facts, 40 00:05:43,878 --> 00:05:46,881 and I felt that this created a sort of private world 41 00:05:46,981 --> 00:05:49,150 in which I could get my own back 42 00:05:49,250 --> 00:05:52,419 for my failure in everyday life. 43 00:05:53,621 --> 00:05:57,490 I wanted to write enormous naturalistic novels. 44 00:07:17,104 --> 00:07:20,875 I do not think one can assess a writer's motives 45 00:07:20,975 --> 00:07:24,545 without knowing something of his early development. 46 00:07:36,557 --> 00:07:37,959 His subject matter 47 00:07:38,059 --> 00:07:40,928 will be determined by the age he lives in. 48 00:07:41,028 --> 00:07:45,399 At least this is true in tumultuous, revolutionary ages 49 00:07:45,498 --> 00:07:47,001 like our own. 50 00:07:56,243 --> 00:07:58,179 When I was not yet 20, 51 00:07:58,279 --> 00:08:02,183 I went to Burma, in the Indian Imperial Police. 52 00:08:06,087 --> 00:08:09,557 In an outpost of empire like Burma, 53 00:08:09,657 --> 00:08:12,259 the class question appeared at first sight 54 00:08:12,360 --> 00:08:13,861 to have been shelved. 55 00:08:14,295 --> 00:08:17,631 Most of the white men in Burma were not of the type 56 00:08:17,732 --> 00:08:20,668 who in England would be called gentlemen, 57 00:08:20,768 --> 00:08:23,871 but they were white men in contradistinction 58 00:08:23,971 --> 00:08:26,874 to the other and inferior class, 59 00:08:26,974 --> 00:08:28,209 the natives. 60 00:08:31,245 --> 00:08:32,913 In the free air of England, 61 00:08:33,014 --> 00:08:36,851 that kind of thing is not fully intelligible. 62 00:08:37,818 --> 00:08:39,854 In order to hate imperialism, 63 00:08:39,954 --> 00:08:42,023 you've got to be part of it. 64 00:08:42,123 --> 00:08:45,693 But it is not possible to be part of such a system 65 00:08:45,793 --> 00:08:50,498 without recognizing it as an unjustifiable tyranny. 66 00:08:51,065 --> 00:08:55,504 Even the thickest-skinned Anglo-Indian is aware of this. 67 00:08:55,603 --> 00:08:58,172 Every native face he sees in the street 68 00:08:58,272 --> 00:09:01,909 brings home to him his monstrous intrusion. 69 00:09:03,677 --> 00:09:05,713 But I was in the police, 70 00:09:05,813 --> 00:09:10,117 which is to say that I was part of the actual machinery 71 00:09:10,217 --> 00:09:11,520 of despotism. 72 00:09:19,460 --> 00:09:23,431 When I came home on leave in 1927, 73 00:09:23,864 --> 00:09:27,568 I was already half determined to throw up my job, 74 00:09:27,668 --> 00:09:31,405 and one sniff of English air decided me. 75 00:09:32,106 --> 00:09:36,110 For five years, I have been part of an oppressive system 76 00:09:36,210 --> 00:09:39,647 and it left me with a bad conscience. 77 00:09:39,747 --> 00:09:42,750 Innumerable remembered faces, 78 00:09:42,850 --> 00:09:45,319 faces of prisoners in the dark, 79 00:09:45,753 --> 00:09:49,256 of men waiting in the condemned cells, 80 00:09:49,356 --> 00:09:51,058 of subordinates I had bullied 81 00:09:51,158 --> 00:09:53,861 and aged peasants I had snubbed, 82 00:09:53,961 --> 00:09:57,364 of servants and coolies I had hit with my fist 83 00:09:57,465 --> 00:09:59,266 in moments of rage 84 00:09:59,366 --> 00:10:02,002 haunted me intolerably. 85 00:10:42,877 --> 00:10:48,215 No book is genuinely free from political bias. 86 00:10:49,518 --> 00:10:51,152 The opinion that art 87 00:10:51,252 --> 00:10:53,622 should have nothing to do with politics 88 00:10:53,721 --> 00:10:56,558 is itself a political attitude. 89 00:11:36,463 --> 00:11:40,502 I had reduced everything to the simple theory 90 00:11:40,602 --> 00:11:42,671 that the oppressed are always right 91 00:11:42,770 --> 00:11:45,139 and the oppressors are always wrong, 92 00:11:46,273 --> 00:11:49,611 a mistaken theory, but the natural result 93 00:11:49,710 --> 00:11:52,446 of being one of the oppressors yourself. 94 00:12:12,601 --> 00:12:16,103 A society becomes totalitarian when its structure 95 00:12:16,203 --> 00:12:21,175 becomes flagrantly artificial. That is, 96 00:12:21,275 --> 00:12:24,411 when its ruling class has lost its function, 97 00:12:24,512 --> 00:12:29,517 but succeeds in clinging to power by force or fraud. 98 00:12:30,985 --> 00:12:33,954 But to be corrupted by totalitarianism, 99 00:12:34,054 --> 00:12:37,726 one does not have to live in a totalitarian country. 100 00:12:49,537 --> 00:12:51,238 Tonight, I wanted to take a few minutes 101 00:12:51,338 --> 00:12:53,608 to discuss a grave threat to peace. 102 00:12:53,708 --> 00:12:55,876 The threat comes from Iraq. 103 00:12:57,144 --> 00:13:01,148 It arises directly from the Iraqi regime's own actions, 104 00:13:02,116 --> 00:13:04,084 its history of aggression, 105 00:13:04,385 --> 00:13:07,921 and its drive toward an arsenal of terror. 106 00:13:08,022 --> 00:13:10,592 We're at war with the people of Eurasia, 107 00:13:10,692 --> 00:13:12,092 the vile and ruthless aggressors 108 00:13:12,192 --> 00:13:13,794 who have committed countless atrocities 109 00:13:13,894 --> 00:13:15,697 and who are guilty of every bestial crime 110 00:13:15,796 --> 00:13:17,031 a human being can commit. 111 00:13:17,131 --> 00:13:19,133 They've laid waste to our land, 112 00:13:19,233 --> 00:13:21,101 destroyed our factories, looted our homes, 113 00:13:21,201 --> 00:13:23,337 massacred our children and raped our women! 114 00:13:23,437 --> 00:13:28,475 When Iraq finally admitted having these weapons in 1995, 115 00:13:28,576 --> 00:13:30,612 the quantities were vast. 116 00:13:30,712 --> 00:13:33,648 Less than a teaspoon of dry anthrax, 117 00:13:33,748 --> 00:13:36,216 a little bit... about this amount. 118 00:13:36,317 --> 00:13:38,553 This kind of thing happens everywhere, 119 00:13:38,653 --> 00:13:43,357 but it is clearly likelier to lead to outright falsification 120 00:13:43,457 --> 00:13:46,360 in societies where only one opinion 121 00:13:46,460 --> 00:13:49,430 is permissible at any given moment. 122 00:14:12,754 --> 00:14:14,388 The organized lying 123 00:14:14,488 --> 00:14:16,957 practiced by totalitarian states 124 00:14:17,057 --> 00:14:19,927 is not, as is sometimes claimed, 125 00:14:20,027 --> 00:14:23,030 a temporary expedient of the same nature 126 00:14:23,130 --> 00:14:25,366 as military deception. 127 00:14:25,667 --> 00:14:29,704 It is something integral to totalitarianism, 128 00:14:29,804 --> 00:14:31,673 something that would still continue 129 00:14:31,773 --> 00:14:35,909 even if concentration camps and secret police forces 130 00:14:36,009 --> 00:14:38,546 had ceased to be necessary. 131 00:14:39,913 --> 00:14:43,050 Totalitarianism demands, in fact, 132 00:14:43,150 --> 00:14:46,253 the continuous alteration of the past 133 00:14:46,353 --> 00:14:49,591 and, in the long run, probably demands a disbelief 134 00:14:49,691 --> 00:14:54,061 in the very existence of objective truth. 135 00:15:05,005 --> 00:15:07,341 How many fingers am I holding up, Winston? 136 00:15:07,441 --> 00:15:08,475 Four. 137 00:15:08,576 --> 00:15:09,811 And if Big Brother 138 00:15:09,910 --> 00:15:12,680 were to say not four but five, 139 00:15:12,781 --> 00:15:14,214 then how many? 140 00:15:15,884 --> 00:15:17,519 Four. 141 00:15:19,721 --> 00:15:21,556 How many fingers, Winston? 142 00:15:21,656 --> 00:15:24,024 Stop it! Anything! Five! 143 00:15:24,124 --> 00:15:25,660 -Stop the pain! -No, Winston. 144 00:15:25,760 --> 00:15:29,263 That is no use. You are lying. You still think you see four. 145 00:15:29,363 --> 00:15:30,497 But it's five! 146 00:15:30,598 --> 00:15:33,000 Two and two do not always make four, Winston. 147 00:15:33,100 --> 00:15:34,334 Sometimes they make five. 148 00:15:34,435 --> 00:15:36,838 Again, how many fingers am I holding up? 149 00:15:39,973 --> 00:15:43,645 August 26, 1946. 150 00:15:43,944 --> 00:15:46,548 A few showers in the afternoon. 151 00:15:46,648 --> 00:15:49,149 Otherwise a beautiful day. 152 00:15:49,717 --> 00:15:53,454 When the breeze drops, the midges were so bad 153 00:15:53,555 --> 00:15:56,390 as to make it almost impossible to work. 154 00:15:56,490 --> 00:16:00,795 One is actually breathing them into one's nostrils, 155 00:16:00,895 --> 00:16:03,430 and the irritation is maddening. 156 00:16:11,071 --> 00:16:14,074 I was born into what you might describe 157 00:16:14,174 --> 00:16:17,211 as the lower upper-middle class. 158 00:16:19,547 --> 00:16:22,784 People in this class owned no land, 159 00:16:22,884 --> 00:16:26,821 but they felt that they were landowners in the sight of God 160 00:16:26,921 --> 00:16:29,156 and kept up a semi-aristocratic outlook 161 00:16:29,256 --> 00:16:33,862 by going into the professions and the fighting services 162 00:16:33,962 --> 00:16:36,163 rather than into trade. 163 00:16:39,032 --> 00:16:41,034 To belong to this class, 164 00:16:41,134 --> 00:16:44,071 when you were at the 400-pound-a-year level, 165 00:16:44,171 --> 00:16:46,273 was a queer business, 166 00:16:46,373 --> 00:16:48,676 for it meant that your gentility 167 00:16:48,776 --> 00:16:51,478 was almost purely theoretical. 168 00:16:51,880 --> 00:16:55,617 Small boys used to count the plum stones on their plates 169 00:16:55,717 --> 00:16:58,987 and foretell their destiny by chanting, 170 00:16:59,119 --> 00:17:03,190 "Army, Navy, Church, Medicine, Law." 171 00:17:05,560 --> 00:17:09,062 Theoretically, you knew all about servants 172 00:17:09,162 --> 00:17:10,932 and how to tip them, 173 00:17:11,031 --> 00:17:12,399 although in practice, 174 00:17:12,499 --> 00:17:16,938 you had one, at most two, resident servants. 175 00:17:17,505 --> 00:17:20,942 Theoretically, you knew how to wear your clothes 176 00:17:21,041 --> 00:17:22,977 and how to order a dinner, 177 00:17:23,076 --> 00:17:24,478 although in practice, 178 00:17:24,579 --> 00:17:27,715 you could never afford to go to a decent tailor 179 00:17:27,815 --> 00:17:30,050 or a decent restaurant. 180 00:17:30,417 --> 00:17:34,354 Theoretically, you knew how to shoot and ride, 181 00:17:34,454 --> 00:17:38,091 although in practice you had no horses to ride 182 00:17:38,191 --> 00:17:41,061 and not an inch of ground to shoot over. 183 00:17:43,463 --> 00:17:47,301 It was this that explained the attraction of India, 184 00:17:47,401 --> 00:17:51,005 more recently Kenya, Nigeria, etc., 185 00:17:51,104 --> 00:17:54,008 for the lower upper-middle class. 186 00:17:54,709 --> 00:17:58,846 The people who went there as soldiers and officials 187 00:17:58,947 --> 00:18:00,648 did not go there to make money, 188 00:18:00,748 --> 00:18:04,886 for a soldier or an official does not want money. 189 00:18:04,986 --> 00:18:07,589 They went there because in India, 190 00:18:07,689 --> 00:18:11,025 with cheap horses, free shooting, 191 00:18:11,124 --> 00:18:12,794 and hordes of black servants, 192 00:18:12,894 --> 00:18:17,197 it was so easy to play at being a gentleman. 193 00:18:26,975 --> 00:18:30,143 This is your cook. Name's Eza. 194 00:18:30,612 --> 00:18:31,579 Eza. 195 00:18:36,784 --> 00:18:40,187 And this is Juma, houseboy. 196 00:18:41,522 --> 00:18:42,590 Juma. 197 00:18:45,893 --> 00:18:48,328 Come. See your house. 198 00:19:01,576 --> 00:19:03,578 Under the capitalist system, 199 00:19:03,678 --> 00:19:06,914 in order that England may live in comparative comfort, 200 00:19:07,015 --> 00:19:12,820 100 million Indians must live on the verge of starvation. 201 00:19:13,487 --> 00:19:16,758 The alternative is to throw the empire overboard 202 00:19:16,858 --> 00:19:21,729 and reduce England to a cold and unimportant, little island 203 00:19:21,829 --> 00:19:24,264 where we should all have to work very hard 204 00:19:24,364 --> 00:19:27,869 and live mainly on herrings and potatoes. 205 00:19:29,169 --> 00:19:31,271 The fact that has got to be faced 206 00:19:31,371 --> 00:19:34,408 is that to abolish class distinctions 207 00:19:34,509 --> 00:19:37,177 means abolishing a part of yourself. 208 00:19:39,814 --> 00:19:44,251 Here am I, a typical member of the middle class. 209 00:19:44,619 --> 00:19:49,123 All my notions, notions of good and evil, 210 00:19:49,222 --> 00:19:51,993 of pleasant and unpleasant, 211 00:19:52,093 --> 00:19:54,062 of funny and serious, 212 00:19:54,162 --> 00:19:56,998 of ugly and beautiful, 213 00:19:57,297 --> 00:20:00,233 are essentially middle-class notions. 214 00:20:10,111 --> 00:20:12,980 Ward 3, Hairmyres Hospital, 215 00:20:13,081 --> 00:20:15,917 East Kilbride, near Glasgow, 216 00:20:16,249 --> 00:20:19,453 first of January, 1948. 217 00:20:26,728 --> 00:20:31,498 Dear Gwen, I believe Mr. Dick sent you a line about my case. 218 00:20:31,799 --> 00:20:34,102 He said I had a fairly extensive cavity 219 00:20:34,202 --> 00:20:35,837 in the left lung 220 00:20:35,937 --> 00:20:37,171 and also a small patch 221 00:20:37,270 --> 00:20:39,306 at the top of the other lung. 222 00:20:39,741 --> 00:20:41,341 The treatment they are giving me 223 00:20:41,441 --> 00:20:43,945 is to put the left lung out of action, 224 00:20:44,045 --> 00:20:47,548 which is supposed to give it a better chance to heal. 225 00:20:48,149 --> 00:20:53,187 For the rest, I am still really very ill and weak. 226 00:20:53,320 --> 00:20:55,089 It is a nice hospital 227 00:20:55,189 --> 00:20:57,792 and everyone is extremely kind to me, 228 00:20:57,892 --> 00:21:00,161 but I have, of course, done no work 229 00:21:00,260 --> 00:21:01,996 for two or three months. 230 00:21:25,452 --> 00:21:29,422 "Some Eurasian prisoners, guilty of war crimes, 231 00:21:29,524 --> 00:21:32,560 were to be hanged in the park that evening," 232 00:21:32,894 --> 00:21:34,829 Winston remembered. 233 00:21:35,196 --> 00:21:37,265 This happened about once a month 234 00:21:37,364 --> 00:21:40,433 and was a popular spectacle. 235 00:21:40,535 --> 00:21:43,704 Children always clamored to be taken to see it. 236 00:21:43,805 --> 00:21:45,840 "Why can't we go and see the hanging?" 237 00:21:46,207 --> 00:21:48,910 roared the boy in his huge voice. 238 00:21:49,010 --> 00:21:52,246 "Want to see the hanging," chanted the little girl, 239 00:21:52,345 --> 00:21:54,081 still capering 'round. 240 00:21:58,052 --> 00:22:00,487 The warders had formed in a rough circle 241 00:22:00,588 --> 00:22:02,489 around the gallows. 242 00:22:02,824 --> 00:22:05,726 And then, when the noose was fixed, 243 00:22:05,827 --> 00:22:08,930 the prisoner began crying out on his god. 244 00:22:18,206 --> 00:22:20,508 Minutes seemed to pass. 245 00:22:20,608 --> 00:22:24,245 The steady, muffled crying from the prisoner 246 00:22:24,344 --> 00:22:26,346 went on and on. 247 00:22:26,747 --> 00:22:30,383 We looked at the lashed, hooded man on the drop 248 00:22:30,483 --> 00:22:32,753 and listened to his cries, 249 00:22:32,854 --> 00:22:35,488 each cry another second of life. 250 00:22:35,590 --> 00:22:38,693 Oh, kill him quickly. Get it over. 251 00:22:38,793 --> 00:22:40,828 Stop that abominable noise. 252 00:22:51,973 --> 00:22:55,776 Most people approve of capital punishment, 253 00:22:55,877 --> 00:22:59,814 but most people wouldn't do the hangman's job. 254 00:23:08,789 --> 00:23:12,059 - Let us in! - Get in there! 255 00:23:21,135 --> 00:23:23,470 Are they trying to get rid of all of us? 256 00:23:27,575 --> 00:23:29,076 They were peaceful people. 257 00:23:29,176 --> 00:23:30,578 These were great people. 258 00:23:30,678 --> 00:23:33,114 The crowd was unbelievable, 259 00:23:33,214 --> 00:23:34,382 and I mentioned the word "love," 260 00:23:34,481 --> 00:23:35,816 the love, the love in the air, 261 00:23:35,917 --> 00:23:37,919 I've never seen anything like it. 262 00:23:38,019 --> 00:23:39,287 Get in! 263 00:23:41,488 --> 00:23:44,091 Go! Go! Go! 264 00:23:46,994 --> 00:23:48,896 Go, go! 265 00:23:54,467 --> 00:23:58,372 Oh, this is about to get dirty, man. We gotta get back. 266 00:23:58,471 --> 00:24:00,174 He's got a gun. Get down. 267 00:24:12,853 --> 00:24:14,088 Hey! 268 00:24:14,956 --> 00:24:16,657 Fuckin' A, man. 269 00:24:18,526 --> 00:24:21,662 No! We're not putting up with that either. 270 00:24:24,332 --> 00:24:27,168 1776! 271 00:24:36,911 --> 00:24:42,049 FBI operatives were organizing the attack on the Capitol. 272 00:24:55,730 --> 00:24:58,833 I don't believe that Trump supporters did that. 273 00:24:58,933 --> 00:25:01,635 I think that they were enticed by the FBI. 274 00:25:01,736 --> 00:25:03,871 Stop the steal! 275 00:25:04,305 --> 00:25:09,443 A totalitarian state is in effect a theocracy 276 00:25:09,543 --> 00:25:11,445 and its ruling caste, 277 00:25:11,545 --> 00:25:13,481 in order to keep its position, 278 00:25:13,581 --> 00:25:17,151 has to be thought of as infallible. 279 00:25:17,251 --> 00:25:19,553 Congress has certified the results. 280 00:25:19,653 --> 00:25:20,988 I don't wanna say the election's over. 281 00:25:21,088 --> 00:25:21,922 I just wanna say-- 282 00:25:23,457 --> 00:25:25,359 Congress has certified the results 283 00:25:25,459 --> 00:25:27,862 without saying the election's over, okay? 284 00:25:27,962 --> 00:25:32,099 My only goal was to ensure the integrity of the vote. 285 00:25:33,267 --> 00:25:37,638 My only goal was to ensure the integrity of the vote. 286 00:25:38,139 --> 00:25:41,809 Since, in practice, no one is infallible, 287 00:25:41,909 --> 00:25:45,846 it is frequently necessary to rearrange past events 288 00:25:45,946 --> 00:25:50,084 in order to show that this or that mistake was not made 289 00:25:50,184 --> 00:25:54,488 or that this or that imaginary triumph actually happened. 290 00:25:54,588 --> 00:25:56,824 The Dominion Voting Systems, 291 00:25:56,924 --> 00:26:00,227 the Smartmatic technology software, 292 00:26:00,327 --> 00:26:04,932 and the software that goes in other computerized voting systems here as well, 293 00:26:05,032 --> 00:26:10,237 not just Dominion, were created in Venezuela. 294 00:26:27,522 --> 00:26:29,757 You can tell he hasn't done anything wrong 295 00:26:29,857 --> 00:26:32,226 just by his demeanor. 296 00:26:32,326 --> 00:26:34,829 I mean, he would be trying to hide things. 297 00:26:34,929 --> 00:26:37,164 Already, there are countless people 298 00:26:37,264 --> 00:26:41,001 who'd think it scandalous to falsify a scientific textbook, 299 00:26:41,102 --> 00:26:45,840 but would see nothing wrong in falsifying a historical fact. 300 00:26:45,940 --> 00:26:49,343 Trump is blocking witnesses. 301 00:26:52,446 --> 00:26:53,714 I don't care. 302 00:26:57,218 --> 00:26:58,919 I'm with him to the finish. 303 00:26:59,019 --> 00:27:01,722 He could stand on the front steps of the White House 304 00:27:01,822 --> 00:27:05,159 and commit murder, and I'm with him. 305 00:27:14,268 --> 00:27:16,770 How do you explain all these charges? 306 00:27:16,871 --> 00:27:18,772 Well, they're all made up. 307 00:27:18,873 --> 00:27:21,942 -They're all made up? -Yup, they're all made up. 308 00:27:22,042 --> 00:27:23,911 So, the election interference in Georgia. 309 00:27:24,011 --> 00:27:26,280 Sidney Powell and Kenneth Chesebro, 310 00:27:26,380 --> 00:27:27,848 who work for Donald Trump, 311 00:27:27,948 --> 00:27:29,984 they just plead guilty... 312 00:27:30,084 --> 00:27:31,719 I don't believe that either. 313 00:27:31,819 --> 00:27:34,021 You don't believe they plead guilty? 314 00:27:34,121 --> 00:27:35,122 Nope. 315 00:27:35,489 --> 00:27:38,826 The friends of totalitarianism in this country 316 00:27:38,926 --> 00:27:42,531 usually tend to argue that, since absolute truth 317 00:27:42,631 --> 00:27:44,031 is not attainable, 318 00:27:44,131 --> 00:27:49,270 a big lie is no worse than a little lie. 319 00:27:49,703 --> 00:27:54,475 The list of Trump lies filled an entire page 320 00:27:54,576 --> 00:27:55,809 of The New York Times. 321 00:27:55,910 --> 00:27:58,879 It includes only what the Times calls 322 00:27:58,979 --> 00:28:01,882 "demonstrably false statements." 323 00:28:33,047 --> 00:28:36,250 Second of January, 1948. 324 00:28:36,350 --> 00:28:40,821 Dear Julian, thanks ever so for sending the pen, 325 00:28:40,921 --> 00:28:43,658 which, as you see, I am using. 326 00:28:44,225 --> 00:28:46,860 I think I'm getting a bit better. 327 00:28:46,961 --> 00:28:48,762 I don't feel quite so death-like 328 00:28:48,862 --> 00:28:51,600 and I'm eating a lot more. 329 00:28:51,700 --> 00:28:54,468 I can't show you the part-finished novel. 330 00:28:54,569 --> 00:28:59,073 I never show them to anybody because they're just a mess 331 00:28:59,173 --> 00:29:00,675 and don't have much relationship 332 00:29:00,774 --> 00:29:02,677 to the final draft. 333 00:29:03,177 --> 00:29:06,648 I always say a book doesn't exist 334 00:29:06,747 --> 00:29:08,382 until it is finished. 335 00:29:17,191 --> 00:29:20,127 Every major change in policy 336 00:29:20,227 --> 00:29:23,831 demands a corresponding change of doctrine 337 00:29:23,931 --> 00:29:28,035 and a revelation of prominent historical figures. 338 00:29:44,519 --> 00:29:47,855 If the leader says of such-and-such an event, 339 00:29:47,955 --> 00:29:49,823 "It never happened," 340 00:29:49,923 --> 00:29:52,661 well, it never happened. 341 00:29:53,294 --> 00:29:56,731 If he says that two and two are five, 342 00:29:56,830 --> 00:29:59,867 well, two and two are five. 343 00:30:01,068 --> 00:30:04,673 This prospect frightens me much more than bombs 344 00:30:05,039 --> 00:30:07,542 and that is not a frivolous statement. 345 00:30:21,121 --> 00:30:23,824 The Life of Rosa Parks. 346 00:30:23,924 --> 00:30:27,961 This is apparently too woke by the Republican Party. 347 00:30:28,062 --> 00:30:30,097 Song of Solomon 348 00:30:30,197 --> 00:30:33,735 is unacceptable to Republican politics. 349 00:30:33,834 --> 00:30:37,204 Forty percent of banned books 350 00:30:37,304 --> 00:30:40,841 reported are significantly addressing 351 00:30:40,941 --> 00:30:43,911 and specifically addressing LGBT issues. 352 00:31:27,254 --> 00:31:30,725 When we talk about progressive values, 353 00:31:30,825 --> 00:31:33,193 I can say what my progressive value is, 354 00:31:33,293 --> 00:31:35,896 and that is freedom over fascism. 355 00:32:40,360 --> 00:32:43,497 Let's say you take these books out of the library. 356 00:32:43,832 --> 00:32:45,332 What are you gonna do with them? 357 00:32:45,432 --> 00:32:46,901 Are you gonna put them in the street? 358 00:32:47,000 --> 00:32:50,103 Light them on fire? Where are they going? 359 00:32:50,204 --> 00:32:53,140 I don't have a clue, but I would burn them. 360 00:33:07,622 --> 00:33:10,357 From the totalitarian point of view, 361 00:33:10,457 --> 00:33:12,794 history is something to be created 362 00:33:12,894 --> 00:33:15,062 rather than learned. 363 00:33:17,264 --> 00:33:19,299 This is what I will do to the grooming books 364 00:33:19,399 --> 00:33:21,669 when I become Secretary of State. 365 00:33:39,453 --> 00:33:45,392 Ward 3, Hairmyres Hospital, 20th of April, 1948. 366 00:33:45,760 --> 00:33:48,563 Dear Julian, I am a lot better, 367 00:33:48,663 --> 00:33:51,666 but I had a bad fortnight with the secondary effects 368 00:33:51,766 --> 00:33:53,768 of the streptomycin. 369 00:33:54,268 --> 00:33:57,137 I am still fearfully weak and thin, 370 00:33:57,237 --> 00:33:59,473 but they seem pleased with my case, 371 00:33:59,574 --> 00:34:03,343 and I think I may get out sometime during the summer. 372 00:34:03,443 --> 00:34:07,047 I'm longing to get up to Jura at any rate 373 00:34:07,147 --> 00:34:09,851 and see how the farm work is going, 374 00:34:10,183 --> 00:34:12,820 but I should have to be careful not to do much. 375 00:34:23,898 --> 00:34:28,703 The goosestep is one of the most horrible sights in the world. 376 00:34:29,202 --> 00:34:32,674 It is simply an affirmation of naked power. 377 00:34:32,774 --> 00:34:38,111 In it is the vision of a boot crashing down on a face. 378 00:34:39,313 --> 00:34:41,214 The goosestep is not used in England 379 00:34:41,315 --> 00:34:44,986 because the people in the street would laugh. 380 00:35:07,542 --> 00:35:09,644 First, I spent five years 381 00:35:09,744 --> 00:35:13,280 in an unsuitable profession in Burma. 382 00:35:13,715 --> 00:35:17,585 This increased my natural hatred of authority. 383 00:35:25,392 --> 00:35:28,195 The Spanish war and other events 384 00:35:28,295 --> 00:35:32,165 in 1936-7 turned the scale, 385 00:35:32,634 --> 00:35:36,370 and thereafter, I knew where I stood. 386 00:38:02,550 --> 00:38:06,120 31st of July, 1937. 387 00:38:06,486 --> 00:38:10,390 Dear Rayner, thanks so much for your letter. 388 00:38:10,490 --> 00:38:13,161 I was glad to hear from you. 389 00:38:13,261 --> 00:38:17,698 We had an interesting but thoroughly bloody time in Spain. 390 00:38:18,199 --> 00:38:21,468 Of course, I would never have allowed Eileen to come 391 00:38:21,569 --> 00:38:23,871 nor probably gone myself 392 00:38:23,971 --> 00:38:26,574 if I had foreseen the political developments. 393 00:38:26,674 --> 00:38:29,944 Especially the suppression of the POUM, 394 00:38:30,044 --> 00:38:33,714 the party in whose militia I was serving. 395 00:38:40,288 --> 00:38:42,023 It was a queer business. 396 00:38:42,123 --> 00:38:45,860 We started off by being heroic defenders of democracy 397 00:38:45,960 --> 00:38:48,729 and ended by slipping over the border 398 00:38:48,830 --> 00:38:51,532 with the police panting on our heels. 399 00:38:51,966 --> 00:38:54,669 But though we ourselves got out all right, 400 00:38:54,769 --> 00:38:58,471 nearly all our friends and acquaintances are in jail 401 00:38:58,573 --> 00:39:01,175 and likely to be there indefinitely 402 00:39:01,275 --> 00:39:03,644 not actually charged with anything, 403 00:39:03,744 --> 00:39:06,714 but suspected of Trotskyism. 404 00:39:07,248 --> 00:39:11,919 What I saw in Spain has given me a horror of politics. 405 00:39:14,522 --> 00:39:16,524 But what impressed me then 406 00:39:16,624 --> 00:39:18,826 and has impressed me ever since 407 00:39:19,160 --> 00:39:22,530 is that atrocities are believed in or disbelieved in 408 00:39:22,630 --> 00:39:26,567 solely on grounds of political predilection. 409 00:39:27,835 --> 00:39:31,205 Everyone believes in the atrocities of the enemy 410 00:39:31,305 --> 00:39:34,075 and disbelieves in those of his own side 411 00:39:34,175 --> 00:39:38,112 without ever bothering to examine the evidence. 412 00:39:47,955 --> 00:39:53,794 Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 413 00:39:53,895 --> 00:39:57,164 has been written directly or indirectly 414 00:39:57,265 --> 00:39:59,166 against totalitarianism 415 00:39:59,267 --> 00:40:03,571 and for democratic socialism as I understand it. 416 00:40:03,671 --> 00:40:07,241 Revolution! 417 00:40:07,341 --> 00:40:11,045 Animal Farm was the first book in which I tried, 418 00:40:11,145 --> 00:40:13,714 with full consciousness of what I was doing, 419 00:40:13,814 --> 00:40:17,852 to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose 420 00:40:17,952 --> 00:40:20,087 into one whole. 421 00:40:20,187 --> 00:40:22,356 -Read it to me. -Hm. 422 00:40:22,489 --> 00:40:25,425 "All animals are equal 423 00:40:25,693 --> 00:40:29,764 but some animals are more equal than others." 424 00:40:29,864 --> 00:40:31,666 More equal than others? 425 00:40:31,766 --> 00:40:34,936 ♪ Praise to him The font of all our wisdom ♪ 426 00:40:35,036 --> 00:40:37,772 ♪ Long to live The ruler of our farm ♪ 427 00:40:37,872 --> 00:40:41,409 ♪ Napoleon, mighty leader ♪ 428 00:40:41,509 --> 00:40:44,444 ♪ Mighty leader Watching over us ♪ 429 00:40:45,212 --> 00:40:47,715 ♪ Napoleon, mighty leader ♪ 430 00:40:47,815 --> 00:40:51,319 ♪ Mighty leader Watching over us ♪ 431 00:40:51,419 --> 00:40:54,855 ♪ Shout, shout, shout out loud Snout, snout, pink and proud ♪ 432 00:40:54,956 --> 00:40:58,125 ♪ Perfect pig You bless us with your beauty ♪ 433 00:40:58,225 --> 00:41:01,696 ♪ Hallowed hod How wondrous is your glow ♪ 434 00:41:01,796 --> 00:41:04,732 ♪ Napoleon, mighty leader ♪ 435 00:41:04,832 --> 00:41:07,802 ♪ Mighty leader Watching over us ♪ 436 00:41:07,902 --> 00:41:11,339 ♪ Napoleon, mighty leader ♪ 437 00:41:11,439 --> 00:41:13,975 ♪ Mighty leader Watching over us ♪ 438 00:41:16,177 --> 00:41:19,447 ♪ Snout, snout, pink and proud Shout, shout, shout out loud ♪ 439 00:41:19,547 --> 00:41:22,817 ♪ Snout, snout, pink and proud Shout, shout, shout out loud ♪ 440 00:41:22,917 --> 00:41:25,619 ♪ Two legs better Four legs good ♪ 441 00:41:25,720 --> 00:41:28,689 I decree that this farm will now devote itself 442 00:41:28,789 --> 00:41:31,692 to the making of weapons, to the building of walls 443 00:41:31,792 --> 00:41:35,029 for the protection of ourselves and our way of life! 444 00:41:35,129 --> 00:41:38,032 The revolution is over. 445 00:41:38,132 --> 00:41:40,601 All animals are now free! 446 00:42:02,590 --> 00:42:04,558 Take cover at once! 447 00:42:04,658 --> 00:42:06,694 Take cover at once! 448 00:43:15,229 --> 00:43:18,499 Winston tried to squeeze out some childhood memory 449 00:43:18,599 --> 00:43:22,803 that should tell him whether London had always been like this. 450 00:43:22,903 --> 00:43:27,741 Were there always these vistas of rotting 19th-century houses? 451 00:43:27,842 --> 00:43:31,479 Their sides shored up with baulks of timbers, 452 00:43:31,580 --> 00:43:33,881 their windows patched with cardboard 453 00:43:33,981 --> 00:43:36,317 and their roofs with corrugated iron, 454 00:43:36,417 --> 00:43:41,388 their crazy garden walls sagging in all directions, 455 00:43:41,755 --> 00:43:43,757 and the bombed sites 456 00:43:43,858 --> 00:43:47,194 where the plaster dust swirled in the air 457 00:43:47,294 --> 00:43:51,232 and the willow-herb straggled over the heaps of rubble 458 00:43:51,332 --> 00:43:56,237 and the places where the bombs had cleared a large patch, 459 00:43:56,337 --> 00:44:01,142 and there sprung up sordid colonies of wooden dwellings 460 00:44:01,242 --> 00:44:03,110 like chicken houses. 461 00:44:08,215 --> 00:44:12,453 But it was no use. He could not remember. 462 00:44:12,554 --> 00:44:14,922 Nothing remained of his childhood 463 00:44:15,022 --> 00:44:18,292 except a series of bright-lit tableaux 464 00:44:18,392 --> 00:44:20,828 occurring against no background 465 00:44:20,928 --> 00:44:23,731 and mostly unintelligible. 466 00:44:24,198 --> 00:44:28,702 ♪ Sing to the sailors On the floating fortress ♪ 467 00:44:28,802 --> 00:44:33,207 ♪ Sing to the soldiers On the battlefields ♪ 468 00:44:33,307 --> 00:44:37,778 ♪ Sing to the airmen In the burning azure ♪ 469 00:44:37,878 --> 00:44:41,882 ♪ Sing to the farmers Rising yields ♪ 470 00:44:41,982 --> 00:44:45,286 It is not easy for me to think of my school days 471 00:44:45,386 --> 00:44:48,822 without seeming to breathe in a whiff of something cold 472 00:44:48,923 --> 00:44:50,559 and evil-smelling, 473 00:44:50,659 --> 00:44:54,228 a sort of compound of sweaty stockings, 474 00:44:54,328 --> 00:44:55,796 dirty towels, 475 00:44:55,896 --> 00:44:58,699 fecal smells blowing along corridors, 476 00:44:58,799 --> 00:45:02,203 forks with old food between the prongs, 477 00:45:02,303 --> 00:45:03,971 neck-of-mutton stew, 478 00:45:04,071 --> 00:45:06,106 and the banging doors of the lavatories 479 00:45:06,207 --> 00:45:09,476 and the echoing chamber pots in the dormitories. 480 00:45:25,960 --> 00:45:29,631 By the social standards that prevailed about me, 481 00:45:29,730 --> 00:45:33,267 I was no good and could not be any good, 482 00:45:33,702 --> 00:45:35,769 but all the different kinds of virtue 483 00:45:35,869 --> 00:45:38,239 seemed to be mysteriously interconnected 484 00:45:38,339 --> 00:45:41,610 and to belong to much the same people. 485 00:45:41,710 --> 00:45:44,078 It was not only money that mattered. 486 00:45:44,178 --> 00:45:48,015 There were also strength, beauty, charm, 487 00:45:48,115 --> 00:45:51,919 athleticism, and something called "guts" 488 00:45:52,019 --> 00:45:55,289 or character, which in reality, 489 00:45:55,389 --> 00:45:59,026 meant the power to impose your will on others. 490 00:45:59,426 --> 00:46:02,930 I did not possess any of these qualities. 491 00:46:03,030 --> 00:46:06,300 I lived in a world of boys, gregarious animals 492 00:46:06,400 --> 00:46:10,037 questioning nothing, accepting the law of the stronger 493 00:46:10,137 --> 00:46:12,873 and avenging their own humiliations 494 00:46:12,973 --> 00:46:16,110 by passing them down to someone smaller. 495 00:46:46,407 --> 00:46:49,577 There are five fingers there. 496 00:46:49,678 --> 00:46:51,845 Do you see five fingers? 497 00:46:52,913 --> 00:46:54,415 Yes. 498 00:48:29,711 --> 00:48:32,212 This is a political age. 499 00:48:32,514 --> 00:48:36,751 War, fascism, concentration camps, 500 00:48:36,851 --> 00:48:39,721 rubber truncheons, atomic bombs 501 00:48:39,821 --> 00:48:41,989 are what we daily think about 502 00:48:42,456 --> 00:48:46,460 and therefore, to a great extent, what we write about, 503 00:48:46,561 --> 00:48:49,997 even when we do not name them openly. 504 00:48:51,666 --> 00:48:52,901 We cannot help this. 505 00:48:53,000 --> 00:48:55,102 When you are on a sinking ship, 506 00:48:55,202 --> 00:48:59,206 your thoughts will be about sinking ships. 507 00:49:12,554 --> 00:49:17,090 Barnhill, Isle of Jura, Argyllshire. 508 00:49:17,958 --> 00:49:21,563 22nd of October, 1948. 509 00:49:21,863 --> 00:49:24,632 Dear Fred, I shall finish the book, 510 00:49:24,732 --> 00:49:27,434 Deo Volente , early in November, 511 00:49:27,535 --> 00:49:30,270 and I am rather flinching from the job of typing it 512 00:49:30,370 --> 00:49:33,407 because it is a very awkward thing to do in bed 513 00:49:33,508 --> 00:49:36,276 where I still have to spend half the time. 514 00:49:37,110 --> 00:49:38,513 I can't send it away 515 00:49:38,613 --> 00:49:41,516 because it is an unbelievably bad manuscript 516 00:49:41,616 --> 00:49:45,687 and no one could make head or tail of it without explanation. 517 00:49:45,787 --> 00:49:47,187 I think it is a good idea, 518 00:49:47,287 --> 00:49:49,624 but the execution would have been better 519 00:49:49,724 --> 00:49:54,027 if I had not written it under the influence of tuberculosis. 520 00:49:54,394 --> 00:49:56,997 I haven't definitely fixed on the title, 521 00:49:57,097 --> 00:50:01,803 but I am hesitating between 1984 522 00:50:01,903 --> 00:50:05,138 and The Last Man in Europe. 523 00:50:14,214 --> 00:50:18,686 When I was 14 or 15, I was an odious little snob, 524 00:50:19,386 --> 00:50:23,257 but no worse than other boys of my own age and class. 525 00:50:23,791 --> 00:50:27,394 I was very young, not much more than six, 526 00:50:27,494 --> 00:50:31,331 when I first became aware of class distinctions. 527 00:50:34,368 --> 00:50:37,137 Ah, I think you look pretty smart. 528 00:50:37,839 --> 00:50:39,574 You look like a gentleman. 529 00:50:40,775 --> 00:50:42,175 I despised anyone 530 00:50:42,276 --> 00:50:44,879 who was not describable as a gentleman, 531 00:50:44,979 --> 00:50:47,582 but I also hated the hoggishly rich, 532 00:50:47,682 --> 00:50:50,552 especially those who had grown rich too recently. 533 00:50:50,652 --> 00:50:54,454 I look down on him because I am upper class. 534 00:50:54,556 --> 00:50:58,325 I look up to him because he is upper class, 535 00:50:58,425 --> 00:51:01,563 but I look down on him because he is lower class. 536 00:51:03,096 --> 00:51:05,132 I am middle class. 537 00:51:07,535 --> 00:51:09,704 I know my place. 538 00:51:10,137 --> 00:51:13,608 Hence, at the age of 17 or 18, 539 00:51:13,708 --> 00:51:15,242 I was both a snob 540 00:51:15,342 --> 00:51:17,444 and a revolutionary. 541 00:51:17,812 --> 00:51:19,781 I was against all authority 542 00:51:19,881 --> 00:51:22,784 and I loosely described myself as a socialist, 543 00:51:22,884 --> 00:51:26,353 but I had not much grasp of what socialism meant 544 00:51:26,453 --> 00:51:30,257 and no notion that the working class were human beings. 545 00:51:30,357 --> 00:51:33,493 We'll have no pissing in the corners. 546 00:51:33,795 --> 00:51:35,897 Not allowed. Frowned upon. 547 00:51:35,997 --> 00:51:37,164 It's not very hygienic, is it? 548 00:51:37,264 --> 00:51:38,666 It's downright filthy. 549 00:51:38,766 --> 00:51:40,969 - May I ask a question? - Fire away. 550 00:51:41,069 --> 00:51:43,103 What's your views on the ozone layer? 551 00:51:43,203 --> 00:51:44,505 I'll turn a blind eye to it 552 00:51:44,606 --> 00:51:46,941 as long as it doesn't interfere with the job. 553 00:51:47,041 --> 00:51:50,979 I knew nothing about working-class conditions. 554 00:51:51,079 --> 00:51:52,747 I had read the unemployment figures, 555 00:51:52,847 --> 00:51:56,017 but I had no notion of what they implied. 556 00:51:56,116 --> 00:52:00,088 ♪ I'm a four-loom weaver ♪ 557 00:52:00,187 --> 00:52:05,093 ♪ As many a one knows ♪ 558 00:52:05,693 --> 00:52:11,131 ♪ I've not to eat And I've worn out me clothes ♪ 559 00:52:13,433 --> 00:52:15,770 ♪ Me clogs are both broken ♪ 560 00:52:15,870 --> 00:52:19,139 Above all, I did not know the essential fact 561 00:52:19,239 --> 00:52:22,744 that respectable poverty is always the worst. 562 00:52:22,844 --> 00:52:25,747 The frightful doom of a decent working man 563 00:52:25,847 --> 00:52:30,150 suddenly thrown on the streets after a lifetime of steady work, 564 00:52:30,250 --> 00:52:33,487 his agonized struggles against economic laws 565 00:52:33,588 --> 00:52:35,355 which he does not understand, 566 00:52:35,455 --> 00:52:39,861 the disintegration of families, the corroding sense of shame, 567 00:52:40,293 --> 00:52:43,965 all this was outside the range of my experience. 568 00:52:46,134 --> 00:52:47,568 When I thought of poverty, 569 00:52:47,669 --> 00:52:50,805 I thought of it in terms of brute starvation. 570 00:52:50,905 --> 00:52:55,543 Therefore, my mind turned immediately towards the extreme cases, 571 00:52:55,643 --> 00:52:59,981 the social outcasts, tramps, beggars, 572 00:53:00,081 --> 00:53:01,582 criminals, prostitutes. 573 00:53:01,683 --> 00:53:04,217 These were the lowest of the low 574 00:53:04,317 --> 00:53:08,823 and these were the people with whom I wanted to get in contact. 575 00:53:15,395 --> 00:53:18,198 What I profoundly wanted at that time 576 00:53:18,298 --> 00:53:23,470 was to find some way of getting out of the respectable world altogether. 577 00:53:23,571 --> 00:53:26,074 I meditated upon it a great deal. 578 00:53:26,174 --> 00:53:29,376 I even planned parts of it in detail. 579 00:53:29,476 --> 00:53:33,246 How one could sell everything, give everything away, 580 00:53:33,614 --> 00:53:37,384 change one's name, and start out with no money 581 00:53:37,484 --> 00:53:41,022 and nothing but the clothes one stood up in. 582 00:53:41,756 --> 00:53:45,593 But in real life, nobody ever does that kind of thing. 583 00:53:58,539 --> 00:54:02,810 As Syme had done earlier, Winston had taken up his spoon 584 00:54:02,910 --> 00:54:05,580 and was dabbling in the pale-colored gravy 585 00:54:05,680 --> 00:54:07,648 that dribbled across the table, 586 00:54:07,749 --> 00:54:11,753 drawing a long streak of it out into a pattern. 587 00:54:12,553 --> 00:54:14,689 He meditated resentfully 588 00:54:14,789 --> 00:54:17,457 on the physical texture of life. 589 00:54:22,362 --> 00:54:24,532 -Mister. -What is it, son? 590 00:54:24,632 --> 00:54:27,635 Can you watch my seat and else if I got my spoon? 591 00:54:27,735 --> 00:54:30,638 I'll give you my spoon, son. I'm finished. 592 00:54:45,520 --> 00:54:48,288 You discover what it is like to be hungry 593 00:54:48,388 --> 00:54:51,291 with bread and margarine in your belly. 594 00:54:51,391 --> 00:54:54,461 You go out and look into the shop windows. 595 00:54:54,562 --> 00:54:57,965 Everywhere, there is food insulting you 596 00:54:58,065 --> 00:55:00,768 in huge, wasteful piles, 597 00:55:01,269 --> 00:55:03,104 whole dead pigs, 598 00:55:03,204 --> 00:55:04,972 baskets of hot loaves, 599 00:55:05,072 --> 00:55:08,976 great yellow blocks of butter, strings of sausages... 600 00:55:09,076 --> 00:55:11,679 ...mountains of potatoes, 601 00:55:11,779 --> 00:55:15,448 vast Gruyere cheese like grindstones. 602 00:55:15,550 --> 00:55:18,019 A sniveling self-pity comes over you 603 00:55:18,119 --> 00:55:20,655 at the sight of so much food. 604 00:55:20,755 --> 00:55:23,356 You plan to grab a loaf and run, 605 00:55:23,456 --> 00:55:26,093 swallowing it before they catch you 606 00:55:26,194 --> 00:55:29,096 and you refrain from pure funk. 607 00:55:35,937 --> 00:55:37,839 We're sorry, 608 00:55:37,939 --> 00:55:39,841 but all our customer-service agents 609 00:55:39,941 --> 00:55:41,341 are busy at the moment. 610 00:55:41,441 --> 00:55:43,110 Please hold and we will answer your call... 611 00:55:47,414 --> 00:55:48,850 You discover the boredom 612 00:55:48,950 --> 00:55:51,586 which is inseparable from poverty, 613 00:55:51,686 --> 00:55:53,955 the times when you have nothing to do 614 00:55:54,055 --> 00:55:58,659 and, being underfed, can interest yourself in nothing. 615 00:55:59,026 --> 00:56:02,630 For half a day at a time, you lie on your bed, 616 00:56:02,730 --> 00:56:04,497 feeling like the jeune squelette 617 00:56:04,599 --> 00:56:06,399 in Baudelaire's poem. 618 00:56:06,499 --> 00:56:09,036 Only food could rouse you. 619 00:56:09,136 --> 00:56:13,608 You discover that a man who's gone even a week on bread 620 00:56:13,708 --> 00:56:17,245 and margarine is not a man any longer, 621 00:56:17,612 --> 00:56:22,183 only a belly with a few accessory organs. 622 00:56:22,516 --> 00:56:24,484 The top 1% 623 00:56:24,585 --> 00:56:27,255 that controlled 90% of the wealth 624 00:56:27,355 --> 00:56:31,659 had two major political parties doing their bidding for them, 625 00:56:31,759 --> 00:56:35,296 and the other 99% had no political party! 626 00:56:53,080 --> 00:56:56,217 Beggars do not work, it is said, 627 00:56:56,317 --> 00:56:58,920 but then what is work? 628 00:56:59,887 --> 00:57:02,690 A navvy works by swinging a pick. 629 00:57:02,790 --> 00:57:06,294 An accountant works by adding up figures. 630 00:57:06,394 --> 00:57:09,130 A beggar works by standing out of doors 631 00:57:09,230 --> 00:57:12,633 in all weathers and getting varicose veins, 632 00:57:12,733 --> 00:57:15,269 chronic bronchitis, etc. 633 00:57:15,369 --> 00:57:18,572 It is a trade like any other, 634 00:57:18,673 --> 00:57:20,841 quite useless, of course, 635 00:57:21,275 --> 00:57:25,379 but then many reputable trades are quite useless, 636 00:57:25,746 --> 00:57:27,447 and as a social type, 637 00:57:27,548 --> 00:57:30,651 a beggar compares well with scores of others. 638 00:57:31,085 --> 00:57:35,890 He is honest compared with the sellers of most patent medicines, 639 00:57:35,990 --> 00:57:40,695 high-minded compared with a Sunday-newspaper proprietor. 640 00:57:40,795 --> 00:57:44,532 A beggar, looked at realistically, 641 00:57:44,632 --> 00:57:46,367 is simply a businessman 642 00:57:46,466 --> 00:57:49,270 getting his living like other businessmen 643 00:57:49,370 --> 00:57:52,239 in the way that comes to hand. 644 00:57:52,673 --> 00:57:56,110 He has not, more than most modern people, 645 00:57:56,210 --> 00:57:57,945 sold his honor. 646 00:57:58,312 --> 00:58:01,983 He has merely made the mistake of choosing a trade 647 00:58:02,083 --> 00:58:05,619 at which it is impossible to grow rich. 648 00:58:30,077 --> 00:58:31,545 ♪ Three ♪ 649 00:58:31,645 --> 00:58:33,681 ♪ Two, one ♪ 650 00:58:33,781 --> 00:58:38,486 The underlying fact was that the whole position of the moneyed class 651 00:58:38,586 --> 00:58:41,555 had long ceased to be justifiable. 652 00:58:43,424 --> 00:58:45,059 The existence of these people 653 00:58:45,159 --> 00:58:48,863 was by any standard unjustifiable. 654 00:58:49,263 --> 00:58:53,634 They were simply parasites, less useful to society 655 00:58:53,734 --> 00:58:56,070 than his fleas are to a dog. 656 00:58:59,240 --> 00:59:00,641 Oh, that's great! 657 00:59:00,741 --> 00:59:02,943 Can you move your head a little? 658 00:59:05,813 --> 00:59:09,784 The British ruling class could not admit to themselves 659 00:59:09,884 --> 00:59:11,952 that their usefulness was at an end. 660 00:59:12,653 --> 00:59:16,857 It was not possible for them to turn themselves into mere bandits 661 00:59:16,957 --> 00:59:19,593 like the American millionaires. 662 00:59:20,661 --> 00:59:24,198 Clearly, there was only one escape for them: 663 00:59:24,298 --> 00:59:26,100 into stupidity. 664 00:59:28,936 --> 00:59:31,238 The Ministry of Peace is happy to report 665 00:59:31,338 --> 00:59:34,708 that thanks to the vigilance of our gallant interceptors, 666 00:59:34,809 --> 00:59:38,112 no Eurasian rocket bomb was able to reach targets 667 00:59:38,212 --> 00:59:40,247 of any importance. 668 00:59:40,714 --> 00:59:43,084 We continue now with our regular broadcast. 669 00:59:52,059 --> 00:59:55,763 There are parts in southern China where smart cameras 670 00:59:55,863 --> 00:59:58,699 placed around the intersection will recognize who you are. 671 00:59:58,799 --> 01:00:01,969 You could have your face covered or you could be obscured. 672 01:00:02,069 --> 01:00:04,805 These systems are very, very smart. 673 01:00:04,905 --> 01:00:06,974 They can recognize you by gait, 674 01:00:07,074 --> 01:00:09,443 by posture, by how you're walking, 675 01:00:09,544 --> 01:00:11,479 and so if you've caused an infraction, 676 01:00:11,580 --> 01:00:15,584 your face gets thrown up on a digital billboard at that intersection 677 01:00:15,683 --> 01:00:18,152 along with your name and where you work, 678 01:00:18,252 --> 01:00:21,288 and that information is transmitted to your employers 679 01:00:21,388 --> 01:00:23,057 and to your family members. 680 01:01:12,641 --> 01:01:15,943 Much of the technology that threatens our freedom 681 01:01:16,043 --> 01:01:18,279 and our dignity in the near-term future 682 01:01:18,379 --> 01:01:22,449 is being developed by companies in the business of capturing 683 01:01:22,850 --> 01:01:25,386 and selling our data and our attention 684 01:01:25,486 --> 01:01:27,589 to advertisers and others. 685 01:01:27,688 --> 01:01:30,858 Smith, outer-party members 686 01:01:30,958 --> 01:01:33,827 have to wear their identification badges in the evening. 687 01:01:41,402 --> 01:01:44,205 Don't forget again! 688 01:01:44,805 --> 01:01:48,577 If the people in power are using these algorithms 689 01:01:48,677 --> 01:01:51,946 to quietly watch us, 690 01:01:52,046 --> 01:01:54,315 to judge us and to nudge us, 691 01:01:54,415 --> 01:01:58,285 to predict and identify the troublemakers and the rebels, 692 01:01:58,385 --> 01:02:03,490 that authoritarianism will envelop us like a spider's web, 693 01:02:03,592 --> 01:02:06,327 and we may not even know we're in it. 694 01:02:08,395 --> 01:02:11,999 The surveillance capitalists have tried to get us to believe 695 01:02:12,099 --> 01:02:16,770 that their practices are the inevitable outgrowth 696 01:02:16,870 --> 01:02:18,305 of digital technologies. 697 01:02:18,405 --> 01:02:23,645 So, that's why I believe that the future is private. 698 01:02:24,078 --> 01:02:27,748 This is the next chapter for our services. 699 01:02:27,848 --> 01:02:29,551 What do you prefer? 700 01:02:29,817 --> 01:02:34,288 Being safer when you wake up in the morning and go to the street 701 01:02:34,388 --> 01:02:39,260 or not being, you know, analyzed by AI systems? 702 01:02:39,360 --> 01:02:40,761 I wanna be safer. 703 01:02:40,861 --> 01:02:42,096 ♪ What do you prefer? ♪ 704 01:02:42,196 --> 01:02:43,497 What do you prefer? 705 01:02:43,598 --> 01:02:44,699 ♪ Safer when you stir? ♪ 706 01:02:44,798 --> 01:02:46,467 What do you prefer? 707 01:02:46,568 --> 01:02:48,402 ♪ Or not be scared by AI? ♪ 708 01:02:48,502 --> 01:02:51,972 -♪ Tell me no lies I wanna be safer ♪ 709 01:02:52,072 --> 01:02:54,441 - I wanna be safer. - ♪ ♪ I wanna be safer ♪ 710 01:02:54,542 --> 01:02:57,579 Safer. Safer. Safer. 711 01:02:57,679 --> 01:02:59,213 ♪ I wanna be safer ♪ 712 01:02:59,313 --> 01:03:02,082 Surveillance is okay if you don't mind. 713 01:03:02,182 --> 01:03:04,885 I wanna be... I wanna surveil. 714 01:03:04,985 --> 01:03:08,322 I want surveillance of these people that are coming in. 715 01:03:08,422 --> 01:03:12,293 The Trojan horse, I wanna know who the hell they are. 716 01:03:22,202 --> 01:03:24,805 You don't have to have done anything wrong. 717 01:03:24,905 --> 01:03:28,309 You simply have to eventually fall under suspicion from somebody, 718 01:03:28,409 --> 01:03:30,077 even by a wrong call, 719 01:03:30,177 --> 01:03:33,047 and then they can use the system to go back in time 720 01:03:33,147 --> 01:03:35,883 and scrutinize every decision you've ever made, 721 01:03:35,983 --> 01:03:38,720 every friend you've ever discussed something with 722 01:03:38,819 --> 01:03:41,388 and attack you on that basis 723 01:03:41,488 --> 01:03:45,292 to sort of derive suspicion from an innocent life 724 01:03:45,392 --> 01:03:48,596 and paint anyone in the context of a wrongdoer. 725 01:03:56,003 --> 01:03:58,405 It should be that when we make things more productive, 726 01:03:58,506 --> 01:04:01,643 when we greatly increase productivity, it helps everybody, 727 01:04:01,743 --> 01:04:05,647 but there's the worry that it might just help the rich. 728 01:04:05,747 --> 01:04:08,215 The new, model-three generative android 729 01:04:08,315 --> 01:04:11,018 from Funky is a fully autonomous humanoid robot 730 01:04:11,118 --> 01:04:13,722 with features never before seen in the consumer market. 731 01:04:13,822 --> 01:04:17,891 We are increasingly trapped in a world of no escape 732 01:04:17,991 --> 01:04:21,663 and even if we want to make a choice, we can't. 733 01:04:24,231 --> 01:04:27,167 It would probably not be beyond human ingenuity 734 01:04:27,267 --> 01:04:29,403 to write books by machinery, 735 01:04:29,503 --> 01:04:31,372 but a sort of mechanizing process 736 01:04:31,472 --> 01:04:35,242 can already be seen at work in the film and radio, 737 01:04:35,342 --> 01:04:37,411 in publicity and propaganda, 738 01:04:37,512 --> 01:04:40,548 and in the lower reaches of journalism. 739 01:04:40,914 --> 01:04:45,185 Even so, what they write is merely a kind of raw material 740 01:04:45,285 --> 01:04:48,723 to be chopped into shape by producers and censors. 741 01:04:48,823 --> 01:04:52,527 Books would be planned in their broad lines by bureaucrats 742 01:04:52,627 --> 01:04:55,429 and would pass through so many hands that when finished, 743 01:04:55,530 --> 01:04:58,600 they would be no more an individual product 744 01:04:58,700 --> 01:05:02,302 than a Ford car at the end of the assembly line. 745 01:05:02,936 --> 01:05:04,438 It goes without saying 746 01:05:04,539 --> 01:05:08,041 that anything so produced would be rubbish. 747 01:05:08,142 --> 01:05:10,978 At present, we know only that the imagination, 748 01:05:11,078 --> 01:05:13,147 like certain wild animals, 749 01:05:13,247 --> 01:05:16,551 will not breed in captivity. 750 01:05:19,386 --> 01:05:21,021 Every hour of the day, 751 01:05:21,121 --> 01:05:22,356 the voice of London goes around... 752 01:05:22,456 --> 01:05:25,727 Second of December, 1942. 753 01:05:25,827 --> 01:05:27,662 Dear George Woodcock, 754 01:05:27,762 --> 01:05:29,463 as to the ethics of broadcasting 755 01:05:29,564 --> 01:05:32,132 and in general letting oneself be used 756 01:05:32,232 --> 01:05:34,334 by the British governing class, 757 01:05:34,435 --> 01:05:37,004 it's of little value to argue about it, 758 01:05:37,104 --> 01:05:41,475 but for heaven's sake, don't think I don't see how they are using me. 759 01:05:41,576 --> 01:05:44,612 I doubt whether I shall stay in this job very much longer, 760 01:05:44,712 --> 01:05:48,716 but while here, I consider I have kept our propaganda 761 01:05:48,817 --> 01:05:50,785 slightly less disgusting 762 01:05:50,885 --> 01:05:53,588 than it might otherwise have been. 763 01:06:03,197 --> 01:06:07,902 The Tribune , 222 London Western Central 2, 764 01:06:08,001 --> 01:06:11,138 14th of July, 1944. 765 01:06:11,606 --> 01:06:15,777 Dear John Murry, I am smothered under work, 766 01:06:15,877 --> 01:06:18,078 and also I've been bombed out 767 01:06:18,178 --> 01:06:21,148 and we have a very young baby we adopted, 768 01:06:21,248 --> 01:06:22,684 a three-week-old boy 769 01:06:22,784 --> 01:06:26,987 who Eileen and I christened Richard Horatio Blair, 770 01:06:27,321 --> 01:06:30,625 all of which adds to one's work. 771 01:06:30,991 --> 01:06:33,126 Life is pretty full now. 772 01:06:33,227 --> 01:06:36,831 What a wonderful thing to have a kid of one's own. 773 01:06:36,931 --> 01:06:39,099 I've always wanted one so. 774 01:06:41,101 --> 01:06:44,706 The Pacific service from London is sending you all greetings 775 01:06:44,806 --> 01:06:47,542 and wishing the best of luck to those of you listening 776 01:06:47,642 --> 01:06:51,144 who are serving in our armed forces on sea, 777 01:06:51,245 --> 01:06:54,381 land or in the air and in the merchant navy... 778 01:06:54,481 --> 01:06:59,119 BBC, 24th of September, 1943, 779 01:06:59,219 --> 01:07:01,321 Dear Mr. Rushbrook-Williams, 780 01:07:01,421 --> 01:07:04,659 in confirmation of what I said to you earlier in private, 781 01:07:04,759 --> 01:07:08,362 I want to tender my resignation from the BBC. 782 01:07:08,863 --> 01:07:13,200 I am not leaving because of any disagreement with BBC policy. 783 01:07:13,300 --> 01:07:16,069 On the contrary, I feel that I have been treated 784 01:07:16,169 --> 01:07:18,006 with the greatest generosity 785 01:07:18,105 --> 01:07:20,608 and allowed very great latitude. 786 01:07:20,942 --> 01:07:24,579 I am tendering my resignation because for some time past, 787 01:07:24,679 --> 01:07:28,115 I have been conscious that I was wasting my own time 788 01:07:28,215 --> 01:07:30,050 and the public money. 789 01:07:30,417 --> 01:07:32,720 I feel that by going back to my normal work 790 01:07:32,820 --> 01:07:36,123 of writing and journalism, I could be more useful 791 01:07:36,223 --> 01:07:38,960 than I am at present. 792 01:07:54,842 --> 01:07:57,745 Hotel Scribe, Rue Scribe, 793 01:07:57,845 --> 01:08:01,783 Paris 9th, 13th of April, 1945. 794 01:08:02,517 --> 01:08:04,052 Dear Tony, 795 01:08:04,151 --> 01:08:05,620 I don't know whether you will have heard 796 01:08:05,720 --> 01:08:08,890 from some other source about what has happened. 797 01:08:08,990 --> 01:08:10,858 Eileen is dead. 798 01:08:11,158 --> 01:08:13,528 It was a most horrible thing to happen 799 01:08:13,628 --> 01:08:16,430 because she had had five really miserable years 800 01:08:16,531 --> 01:08:18,633 of bad health and overwork, 801 01:08:18,733 --> 01:08:21,468 and things were just beginning to get better, 802 01:08:21,569 --> 01:08:23,605 but it was terribly sad that she should die 803 01:08:23,705 --> 01:08:26,574 when she had become so devoted to Richard 804 01:08:26,674 --> 01:08:29,777 and was making such a good job of his upbringing. 805 01:08:29,877 --> 01:08:33,081 Richard, I am glad to say, is very well, 806 01:08:33,180 --> 01:08:36,249 and for the moment is provided for. 807 01:10:11,244 --> 01:10:12,847 Look. 808 01:10:17,451 --> 01:10:19,419 - It's a dream. - But for a moment, 809 01:10:19,520 --> 01:10:21,421 he did not look at her body. 810 01:10:21,756 --> 01:10:24,324 His eyes were anchored by the freckled face 811 01:10:24,424 --> 01:10:26,994 with its faint, bold smile. 812 01:10:27,360 --> 01:10:31,966 He knelt down before her and took her hands in his. 813 01:10:32,399 --> 01:10:34,001 Have you done this before? 814 01:10:34,802 --> 01:10:36,003 Of course! 815 01:10:36,938 --> 01:10:38,673 Hundreds of times. 816 01:10:40,108 --> 01:10:42,643 -With party members? -Yes. 817 01:10:42,944 --> 01:10:44,344 Inner-party members? 818 01:10:44,444 --> 01:10:48,549 Not with those bastards, though there's plenty who would. 819 01:10:48,883 --> 01:10:50,551 His heart leapt. 820 01:10:58,325 --> 01:11:00,460 "In the old days," he thought, 821 01:11:00,561 --> 01:11:02,964 "a man looked at a girl's body 822 01:11:03,064 --> 01:11:04,766 and saw that it was desirable, 823 01:11:04,866 --> 01:11:07,267 and that was the end of the story. 824 01:11:07,568 --> 01:11:09,904 But you could not have pure love 825 01:11:10,004 --> 01:11:11,873 or pure lust nowadays. 826 01:11:12,874 --> 01:11:14,842 No emotion was pure 827 01:11:14,942 --> 01:11:18,946 because everything was mixed up with fear and hatred. 828 01:11:19,213 --> 01:11:21,916 Their embrace had been a battle, 829 01:11:22,016 --> 01:11:24,685 the climax a victory. 830 01:11:24,786 --> 01:11:28,455 It was a blow struck against the party. 831 01:11:28,556 --> 01:11:30,792 It was a political act." 832 01:11:38,733 --> 01:11:40,701 In the past, at any rate, 833 01:11:40,802 --> 01:11:43,971 throughout the Protestant centuries, 834 01:11:44,071 --> 01:11:45,438 the idea of rebellion 835 01:11:45,540 --> 01:11:48,709 and the idea of intellectual integrity 836 01:11:48,810 --> 01:11:50,144 were mixed up. 837 01:11:50,545 --> 01:11:53,948 A heretic, political, moral, religious, 838 01:11:54,048 --> 01:11:57,118 or esthetic was one who refused 839 01:11:57,218 --> 01:11:59,821 to outrage his own conscience. 840 01:12:00,221 --> 01:12:01,454 His outlook was summed up 841 01:12:01,556 --> 01:12:04,391 in the words of the revivalist hymn, 842 01:12:04,491 --> 01:12:06,359 "Dare to be a Daniel 843 01:12:06,459 --> 01:12:08,229 Dare to stand alone 844 01:12:08,328 --> 01:12:10,531 Dare to have a purpose firm 845 01:12:11,199 --> 01:12:13,267 Dare to make it known." 846 01:12:13,901 --> 01:12:18,539 To bring this hymn up to date, one would have to add a don't 847 01:12:18,639 --> 01:12:21,275 at the beginning of each line. 848 01:13:23,104 --> 01:13:26,807 Daring to stand alone is ideologically criminal 849 01:13:26,908 --> 01:13:30,011 as well as practically dangerous. 850 01:13:30,477 --> 01:13:32,513 The idea of intellectual liberty 851 01:13:32,613 --> 01:13:36,250 is under attack from two directions. 852 01:13:36,817 --> 01:13:40,288 On the one side are its theoretical enemies, 853 01:13:40,388 --> 01:13:42,356 the apologists of totalitarianism... 854 01:14:14,855 --> 01:14:16,991 Jamal Khashoggi was a Saudi journalist 855 01:14:17,091 --> 01:14:20,428 and an outspoken critic of his country's government. 856 01:14:20,528 --> 01:14:25,599 CNN can now confirm Jamal Khashoggi's last words, 857 01:14:25,700 --> 01:14:28,436 "I can't breathe. I can't breathe." 858 01:14:28,536 --> 01:14:32,273 The transcript records many voices and noises, 859 01:14:32,373 --> 01:14:34,775 then says, "Scream from Jamal." 860 01:14:34,875 --> 01:14:39,113 Again, "Scream," then "Gasping." 861 01:14:39,213 --> 01:14:42,383 Noises are identified as "saw" 862 01:14:42,482 --> 01:14:44,352 and "cutting." 863 01:15:02,937 --> 01:15:06,941 And on the other, its immediate, practical enemies 864 01:15:07,375 --> 01:15:10,111 monopoly and bureaucracy, 865 01:15:10,211 --> 01:15:14,615 which are actively interested in maintaining the status quo 866 01:15:14,715 --> 01:15:18,319 and therefore in preventing the common man 867 01:15:18,419 --> 01:15:20,621 from becoming too intelligent. 868 01:15:42,276 --> 01:15:45,813 The independence of the writer and the artist 869 01:15:45,913 --> 01:15:49,683 is eaten away by vague economic forces 870 01:15:49,784 --> 01:15:52,053 and at the same time, it is undermined 871 01:15:52,153 --> 01:15:55,156 by those who should be its defenders. 872 01:16:15,276 --> 01:16:17,078 We falsely think of our country 873 01:16:17,178 --> 01:16:22,116 as a democracy when it has evolved into a media-ocracy, 874 01:16:22,216 --> 01:16:25,619 where a media that is supposed to check political abuse 875 01:16:25,719 --> 01:16:28,622 is part of political abuse. 876 01:16:45,906 --> 01:16:47,942 This is extremely dangerous to our democracy. 877 01:16:48,042 --> 01:16:50,177 This is extremely dangerous to our democracy. 878 01:16:50,277 --> 01:16:52,646 This is extremely dangerous to our democracy. 879 01:16:52,746 --> 01:16:54,915 This is extremely dangerous to our democracy. 880 01:16:55,015 --> 01:16:58,152 This is extremely dangerous to our democracy. 881 01:16:58,686 --> 01:17:00,888 Political writing in our time 882 01:17:00,988 --> 01:17:05,059 consists almost entirely of prefabricated phrases 883 01:17:05,159 --> 01:17:09,396 bolted together like the pieces of a child's mechano set. 884 01:17:09,497 --> 01:17:10,764 This is extremely dangerous. 885 01:17:10,865 --> 01:17:12,366 This is extremely dangerous. 886 01:17:12,466 --> 01:17:13,667 This is extremely dangerous. 887 01:17:13,767 --> 01:17:15,436 -Dangerous. -Democracy. 888 01:17:15,537 --> 01:17:17,606 We live in the greatest country. 889 01:17:17,705 --> 01:17:19,608 The greatest nation in the history of mankind. 890 01:17:19,707 --> 01:17:21,543 The strongest, freest, greatest country. 891 01:17:21,642 --> 01:17:22,943 The greatest healthcare. 892 01:17:23,043 --> 01:17:24,546 The greatest universities, 893 01:17:24,645 --> 01:17:25,580 the greatest schools. 894 01:17:25,679 --> 01:17:26,615 The greatest rise 895 01:17:26,714 --> 01:17:27,948 of freedom and opportunity. 896 01:17:28,048 --> 01:17:28,949 The single greatest nation 897 01:17:29,049 --> 01:17:30,585 in the history of all mankind. 898 01:17:30,684 --> 01:17:32,086 The greatest country ever. 899 01:17:32,186 --> 01:17:35,055 If we're gonna talk about the elite-medias debate, 900 01:17:35,156 --> 01:17:38,560 then it is still controlled by the corporate owners 901 01:17:38,659 --> 01:17:39,894 and the corporate sponsors, 902 01:17:39,994 --> 01:17:41,762 who, after all, provide the revenue 903 01:17:41,862 --> 01:17:43,697 to keep those machines going, 904 01:17:43,797 --> 01:17:45,166 to keep those TV shows on the air 905 01:17:45,266 --> 01:17:47,401 and those radio shows and those papers. 906 01:18:19,033 --> 01:18:21,636 The journalist is unfree 907 01:18:21,735 --> 01:18:24,038 and is conscious of unfreedom 908 01:18:24,138 --> 01:18:26,240 when he forced to write lies 909 01:18:26,340 --> 01:18:30,545 or suppress what seems to him important news. 910 01:18:30,645 --> 01:18:32,379 What have you got there, Smith? 911 01:18:35,916 --> 01:18:38,687 This photograph was between the pages of the gazette. 912 01:18:38,786 --> 01:18:41,222 -What photograph? -Jones and Rutherford. 913 01:18:41,322 --> 01:18:42,790 They confessed to aiding the underground 914 01:18:42,890 --> 01:18:44,758 and being in Eurasia during Hate Week. 915 01:18:44,858 --> 01:18:47,394 -But here it says-- -What are you talking about? 916 01:18:47,494 --> 01:18:49,430 I don't see any photograph. 917 01:18:58,272 --> 01:19:00,908 I think it's very difficult to avoid 918 01:19:01,008 --> 01:19:04,245 going to that pre-prepared thing that you've got 919 01:19:04,345 --> 01:19:06,715 that's got a quote in it, that's got a name in it, 920 01:19:06,814 --> 01:19:08,482 that's got background information in it. 921 01:19:08,583 --> 01:19:12,920 It's fed to you to make easy for you to tell it that way. 922 01:19:13,020 --> 01:19:16,190 So, what we really require is something countervailing, 923 01:19:16,290 --> 01:19:20,494 something on the other side to dig out just that information 924 01:19:20,595 --> 01:19:22,963 that that powerful entity, that might be the state 925 01:19:23,063 --> 01:19:24,965 or might be a private corporation 926 01:19:25,065 --> 01:19:26,900 that they don't want you to hear. 927 01:19:27,001 --> 01:19:30,572 We start with that search, the race to save five people 928 01:19:30,672 --> 01:19:32,607 who are onboard a submersible. 929 01:19:34,275 --> 01:19:35,843 On board is believed to be 930 01:19:35,943 --> 01:19:37,579 the British billionaire, Hamish... 931 01:19:37,679 --> 01:19:38,846 Everything in our age 932 01:19:38,946 --> 01:19:40,347 conspires to turn the writer 933 01:19:40,447 --> 01:19:43,384 and every other kind of artist as well 934 01:19:43,484 --> 01:19:46,954 into a minor official working on themes 935 01:19:47,054 --> 01:19:48,657 handed down from above 936 01:19:48,757 --> 01:19:51,292 and never telling what seems to him 937 01:19:51,392 --> 01:19:52,860 the whole of the truth. 938 01:20:18,319 --> 01:20:22,156 What the media does is trivialize what goes on 939 01:20:22,256 --> 01:20:24,693 sensationalizes it, makes it entertainment, 940 01:20:24,793 --> 01:20:26,093 rather than saying, "Look, 941 01:20:26,193 --> 01:20:28,630 the function of the media is to educate you 942 01:20:28,730 --> 01:20:31,932 to live in a democracy, which is pretty serious stuff." 943 01:20:36,070 --> 01:20:39,574 There are 741 no-go zones throughout France 944 01:20:39,674 --> 01:20:41,810 and they're located in the ghettos 945 01:20:41,909 --> 01:20:43,043 that are called les banlieues . 946 01:20:43,143 --> 01:20:44,646 I've been to Afghanistan, 947 01:20:44,746 --> 01:20:46,681 Iraq, and Kashmir, India, 948 01:20:46,781 --> 01:20:48,583 and at times, it felt like, like that. 949 01:20:52,052 --> 01:20:54,855 -François Macron... -Emmanuel. 950 01:20:54,955 --> 01:20:57,525 Emmanuel, François, it seems like every French person 951 01:20:57,625 --> 01:20:58,892 I think their name is François. 952 01:20:58,992 --> 01:21:00,194 -Who knows? -Maybe he'll change his name. 953 01:21:00,294 --> 01:21:01,995 François. 954 01:21:02,096 --> 01:21:05,232 To write in plain, vigorous language, 955 01:21:05,332 --> 01:21:07,669 one has to think fearlessly, 956 01:21:07,769 --> 01:21:09,738 and if one thinks fearlessly, 957 01:21:09,838 --> 01:21:11,939 one cannot be politically orthodox. 958 01:21:12,039 --> 01:21:14,074 - It was you! It was you... - Good lying. 959 01:21:14,174 --> 01:21:16,578 That privatized a large chunk of the health service 960 01:21:16,678 --> 01:21:19,146 and you're lying, and you're lying. 961 01:21:32,727 --> 01:21:35,764 I think your fake lashes are messing up what you're reading. 962 01:21:35,864 --> 01:21:37,464 We have a situation 963 01:21:37,565 --> 01:21:40,067 in which a significant percentage of the population 964 01:21:40,167 --> 01:21:43,605 doesn't vote, doesn't care about the issues, 965 01:21:43,705 --> 01:21:47,274 is tuned out entirely, is what we call depoliticized. 966 01:21:47,374 --> 01:21:49,376 Uh, in fact, we have a rate of depoliticization 967 01:21:49,476 --> 01:21:52,179 in the United States that must make a tyrant 968 01:21:52,279 --> 01:21:54,616 like in, you know, Indonesia envious. 969 01:21:54,716 --> 01:21:57,217 "How can I get one of these vegged-out populations?" 970 01:21:57,317 --> 01:22:00,320 I say the fact is I've done more for the Black community 971 01:22:00,421 --> 01:22:02,923 than any president since Abraham Lincoln. 972 01:22:03,023 --> 01:22:05,192 - I say it, nobody can dispute it. 973 01:22:05,292 --> 01:22:08,563 People listen when I speak. Black people. 974 01:22:08,663 --> 01:22:10,230 ♪ Black ♪ 975 01:22:10,330 --> 01:22:11,866 Believe me, I've studied it, I've seen it, 976 01:22:11,965 --> 01:22:13,967 and it's incredible. 977 01:22:14,067 --> 01:22:16,069 ♪ Black ♪ 978 01:22:16,170 --> 01:22:19,541 Black, your physical strength is unmatched. 979 01:22:19,641 --> 01:22:21,208 ♪ Black ♪ 980 01:22:21,308 --> 01:22:24,612 You have this charm, Black people, believe me. 981 01:22:24,712 --> 01:22:27,181 Jazz, soul, Rosa Parks, 982 01:22:27,281 --> 01:22:29,884 Cassius Clay, legends, winners, the best! 983 01:22:29,983 --> 01:22:32,620 And you know what? Black women... 984 01:22:32,720 --> 01:22:34,321 ♪ I love Black ♪ 985 01:22:34,421 --> 01:22:37,291 Black women, they make me so hungry. 986 01:22:37,391 --> 01:22:41,161 People listen when I speak, hungry for gumbo and cornbread. 987 01:22:41,261 --> 01:22:43,363 Nobody does it better. 988 01:22:43,464 --> 01:22:46,568 The mugshot, we've all seen the mugshot, and... 989 01:22:46,668 --> 01:22:49,203 And you know who embraced it more than anybody else? 990 01:22:49,303 --> 01:22:51,071 The Black population, it's incredible. 991 01:22:51,171 --> 01:22:54,676 You see Black people walking around with my mugshot. 992 01:22:55,108 --> 01:22:58,212 This kind of thing is frightening to me 993 01:22:58,312 --> 01:23:01,415 because it often gives me the feeling that the very concept 994 01:23:01,516 --> 01:23:06,688 of objective truth is fading out of this world. 995 01:23:06,788 --> 01:23:10,991 An atom bomb exploded in our information ecosystem 996 01:23:11,091 --> 01:23:14,127 because social media turned our world upside down 997 01:23:14,228 --> 01:23:18,198 spreading lies faster than facts 998 01:23:18,298 --> 01:23:21,769 while amplifying fear and anger, 999 01:23:21,870 --> 01:23:25,740 fueling hatred by design 1000 01:23:25,840 --> 01:23:27,307 for profit. 1001 01:23:27,709 --> 01:23:30,110 Do you affirm the testimony you are about to give 1002 01:23:30,210 --> 01:23:31,411 will be the truth, the whole truth, 1003 01:23:31,513 --> 01:23:34,047 and nothing but the truth, so help you God? 1004 01:23:34,549 --> 01:23:38,920 We very much believe that this content is disgusting 1005 01:23:39,019 --> 01:23:40,454 and that, um... 1006 01:23:40,555 --> 01:23:43,156 Senator, that behavior is disgusting and reprehensible. 1007 01:23:43,257 --> 01:23:44,826 We provide in-app reporting tools 1008 01:23:44,926 --> 01:23:46,594 so that people who are being harassed 1009 01:23:46,694 --> 01:23:49,229 or people who have been shared inappropriate sexual content 1010 01:23:49,329 --> 01:23:52,199 can report it in the case of harassment or sexual content. 1011 01:23:52,299 --> 01:23:54,736 You announced recently that the official policy of Facebook 1012 01:23:54,836 --> 01:23:58,606 now allows politicians to pay to spread disinformation. 1013 01:23:58,706 --> 01:24:02,309 Well, could I pay to target predominantly Black zip codes 1014 01:24:02,409 --> 01:24:06,014 and advertise them the incorrect election date? 1015 01:24:06,346 --> 01:24:07,849 No, congresswoman, you couldn't. 1016 01:24:07,949 --> 01:24:11,485 We have, even for these policies 1017 01:24:11,586 --> 01:24:15,557 the newsworthiness of content that politicians say 1018 01:24:15,657 --> 01:24:17,659 and the general principle that I believe that... 1019 01:24:17,759 --> 01:24:21,094 But you said you're not going to fact-check my ads. 1020 01:24:21,194 --> 01:24:23,430 We have, if anyone, 1021 01:24:23,531 --> 01:24:25,700 including a politician is saying things 1022 01:24:25,800 --> 01:24:29,037 that can cause, that is calling for violence, 1023 01:24:29,136 --> 01:24:31,305 or could risk imminent, physical harm, 1024 01:24:31,405 --> 01:24:33,641 or voter or census suppression 1025 01:24:33,741 --> 01:24:36,010 when we roll out the census suppression po... 1026 01:24:36,109 --> 01:24:38,613 policy, um, we will take that content down. 1027 01:24:38,713 --> 01:24:41,415 So, would I be able to run advertisements 1028 01:24:41,516 --> 01:24:43,785 on Facebook targeting Republicans in primaries 1029 01:24:43,885 --> 01:24:46,521 saying that they voted for the Green New Deal? 1030 01:24:46,621 --> 01:24:48,488 If you're not fact-checking political advertisements, 1031 01:24:48,590 --> 01:24:51,224 I'm just trying to understand the bounds here. 1032 01:24:51,325 --> 01:24:53,493 -What's fair game. -Congresswoman, I, uh... 1033 01:24:53,595 --> 01:24:55,162 I don't know the answer to that off the top of my head. 1034 01:24:55,262 --> 01:24:57,197 You don't know if I'll be able to do that. 1035 01:24:57,297 --> 01:24:59,499 Can you explain why you've named the Daily Caller 1036 01:24:59,601 --> 01:25:04,104 a publication well documented with ties to white supremacists 1037 01:25:04,204 --> 01:25:06,106 as an official fact checker for Facebook? 1038 01:25:06,206 --> 01:25:08,308 Congresswoman, sure, we actually don't appoint 1039 01:25:08,408 --> 01:25:09,644 the independent fact checkers. 1040 01:25:09,744 --> 01:25:12,346 They go through an independent organization 1041 01:25:12,446 --> 01:25:14,181 called the Independent Fact Checking Network 1042 01:25:14,281 --> 01:25:16,517 that has a rigorous standard 1043 01:25:16,618 --> 01:25:20,420 for who they allow to serve as a fact checker. 1044 01:25:20,521 --> 01:25:21,756 So... 1045 01:25:22,056 --> 01:25:27,160 You would say that white-supremacist-tied publications 1046 01:25:27,260 --> 01:25:30,130 meet a rigorous standard for fact checking? 1047 01:25:33,133 --> 01:25:35,103 Because of deep fakes, 1048 01:25:35,202 --> 01:25:38,039 you can't trust your eyes and ears. 1049 01:25:38,138 --> 01:25:40,207 Instead of the facts, 1050 01:25:40,307 --> 01:25:45,580 the enshittification, enshittification of the Internet, 1051 01:25:45,680 --> 01:25:47,815 is in full bloom. 1052 01:25:48,248 --> 01:25:51,284 More trash, more propaganda, 1053 01:25:51,385 --> 01:25:53,353 more information operations 1054 01:25:53,453 --> 01:25:55,523 that push our emotional buttons. 1055 01:25:55,623 --> 01:25:59,159 We will have to struggle harder 1056 01:25:59,459 --> 01:26:03,330 for agency, for independent thought, 1057 01:26:03,430 --> 01:26:04,732 and it's not just the tech companies 1058 01:26:04,832 --> 01:26:07,869 that abdicated responsibility for protecting us. 1059 01:26:07,969 --> 01:26:12,106 It's also democratic governments like the United States. 1060 01:26:12,406 --> 01:26:16,511 Tech is the least-regulated industry around the world. 1061 01:26:16,611 --> 01:26:23,084 USA! USA! USA! USA! USA! 1062 01:27:18,039 --> 01:27:21,776 Barnhill, Isle of Jura, Argyllshire, 1063 01:27:21,876 --> 01:27:24,311 28th of November, 1948. 1064 01:27:25,245 --> 01:27:28,082 Dear Gwen, all is well here 1065 01:27:28,182 --> 01:27:30,383 and Richard is bursting with energy. 1066 01:27:30,484 --> 01:27:32,954 He goes out fishing with the others now 1067 01:27:33,054 --> 01:27:35,523 and sometimes catches quite a lot of fish. 1068 01:27:35,990 --> 01:27:38,358 The weather just lately has been very nice, 1069 01:27:38,458 --> 01:27:42,196 beautiful, still, sunny days, and not at all cold, 1070 01:27:42,295 --> 01:27:43,831 but I hardly ever go out of doors 1071 01:27:43,931 --> 01:27:47,235 because the smallest exertion upsets me. 1072 01:27:47,334 --> 01:27:49,737 The pig has grown to a stupendous size 1073 01:27:49,837 --> 01:27:51,806 and goes to the butcher next week. 1074 01:27:51,906 --> 01:27:53,641 We are all longing to get rid of him, 1075 01:27:53,741 --> 01:27:55,877 as he is so destructive and greedy. 1076 01:27:55,977 --> 01:27:59,479 Even gets into the kitchen sometimes. 1077 01:27:59,580 --> 01:28:01,616 I have finished my book, 1078 01:28:01,716 --> 01:28:03,084 which I'd been messing about with 1079 01:28:03,184 --> 01:28:06,053 since some time in 1947. 1080 01:28:06,154 --> 01:28:08,022 Yours, George. 1081 01:28:10,124 --> 01:28:11,726 Death! 1082 01:28:14,929 --> 01:28:20,067 Brothers and sisters, one week from now 1083 01:28:20,400 --> 01:28:22,970 in this very square, 1084 01:28:23,070 --> 01:28:27,307 we shall, as a demonstration... 1085 01:28:51,899 --> 01:28:53,201 Eurasian prisoners 1086 01:28:53,301 --> 01:28:56,871 will be passing through Victory Square! 1087 01:29:00,473 --> 01:29:03,410 These are the evil men 1088 01:29:03,511 --> 01:29:06,080 whose ruthless lust for power... 1089 01:29:53,594 --> 01:29:55,663 Let me have the fight! 1090 01:30:30,398 --> 01:30:34,702 The mother is a woman, the father is a man. 1091 01:30:56,691 --> 01:30:59,560 April 4th, 1984. 1092 01:30:59,860 --> 01:31:03,397 Last night to the flicks, all war films. 1093 01:31:03,764 --> 01:31:06,367 One a very good one of a ship 1094 01:31:06,466 --> 01:31:10,871 full of refugees being bombed somewhere in the Mediterranean. 1095 01:31:11,272 --> 01:31:15,576 Audience much amused by shots of a great, huge, fat man 1096 01:31:15,676 --> 01:31:18,980 trying to swim away with a helicopter after him. 1097 01:31:20,715 --> 01:31:24,318 Then you saw a lifeboat full of children 1098 01:31:24,418 --> 01:31:27,221 with a helicopter hovering over it. 1099 01:31:27,321 --> 01:31:30,891 There was a middle-aged woman, might have been a Jewess, 1100 01:31:30,992 --> 01:31:33,995 sitting up in the bow with a little boy 1101 01:31:34,095 --> 01:31:36,564 about three years old in her arms. 1102 01:31:37,765 --> 01:31:39,499 Then the helicopter 1103 01:31:39,600 --> 01:31:43,170 planted a 20-kilo bomb in among them. 1104 01:31:43,270 --> 01:31:48,042 Terrific flash and the boat went all to matchwood. 1105 01:31:50,845 --> 01:31:53,981 Then there was a wonderful shot of a child's arm 1106 01:31:54,081 --> 01:31:57,018 going up, up, up, 1107 01:31:57,118 --> 01:31:59,086 right up into the air. 1108 01:31:59,186 --> 01:32:01,555 A helicopter with a camera in its nose 1109 01:32:01,655 --> 01:32:03,724 must have followed it up. 1110 01:32:03,824 --> 01:32:07,261 There was a lot of applause from the party seats. 1111 01:32:09,296 --> 01:32:11,565 Winston stops writing 1112 01:32:11,966 --> 01:32:14,835 partly because he was suffering from cramp. 1113 01:32:23,911 --> 01:32:28,015 Oh, what a piece of work is the pursuit of truth. 1114 01:32:31,018 --> 01:32:33,921 Don't be a writer, Richard, whatever you do. 1115 01:32:35,389 --> 01:32:37,024 Be a farmer. 1116 01:32:38,993 --> 01:32:40,694 And grow things. 1117 01:32:41,295 --> 01:32:43,330 Keep goats. 1118 01:32:47,902 --> 01:32:50,671 Our civilization is decadent 1119 01:32:50,771 --> 01:32:53,974 and our language, so the argument runs, 1120 01:32:54,075 --> 01:32:57,945 must inevitably share in the general collapse. 1121 01:32:58,879 --> 01:33:02,349 The words, democracy, socialism, 1122 01:33:02,450 --> 01:33:04,018 freedom, patriotic... 1123 01:33:04,118 --> 01:33:07,855 ...realistic, justice, 1124 01:33:07,955 --> 01:33:11,025 have each of them several different meanings 1125 01:33:11,125 --> 01:33:14,061 which cannot be reconciled with one another. 1126 01:33:21,902 --> 01:33:24,605 But if thought corrupts language, 1127 01:33:24,705 --> 01:33:27,641 language can also corrupt thought. 1128 01:33:27,741 --> 01:33:29,677 And here's the truth, 1129 01:33:29,777 --> 01:33:32,179 Israel seeks peace. 1130 01:33:32,480 --> 01:33:34,748 Israel yearns for peace. 1131 01:33:34,849 --> 01:33:39,086 Israel has made peace and will make peace again. 1132 01:34:49,990 --> 01:34:51,926 Political language is designed 1133 01:34:52,026 --> 01:34:54,596 to make lies sound truthful 1134 01:34:54,695 --> 01:34:57,164 and murder respectable. 1135 01:35:07,208 --> 01:35:13,648 Barnhill, Isle of Jura, 22nd of October, 1948. 1136 01:35:14,348 --> 01:35:19,019 Dear Fred, I have just read Sartre's book on antisemitism, 1137 01:35:19,119 --> 01:35:21,690 which you published, to review. 1138 01:35:21,989 --> 01:35:24,225 I think Sartre is a bag of wind 1139 01:35:24,325 --> 01:35:26,460 and I'm going to give him a good boot. 1140 01:35:26,561 --> 01:35:31,498 The less talk there is about "the" Jew or "the" anti-Semite 1141 01:35:31,600 --> 01:35:36,503 as a species of animal different from ourselves, the better. 1142 01:36:18,312 --> 01:36:21,882 At the start of 2024, Google cut 1,000 jobs. 1143 01:36:21,982 --> 01:36:24,151 Why? Pichai says it's about 1144 01:36:24,251 --> 01:36:27,855 "removing layers to simplify execution." 1145 01:36:28,289 --> 01:36:30,625 Tesla, we're told the company will lay off 1146 01:36:30,725 --> 01:36:32,860 over ten percent of its workforce. 1147 01:36:33,327 --> 01:36:35,396 UPS announced it will lay off 1148 01:36:35,496 --> 01:36:37,264 12,000 employees. 1149 01:36:37,364 --> 01:36:40,467 The practice of staff ranking employees 1150 01:36:40,568 --> 01:36:43,003 might be making a comeback in Silicon Valley. 1151 01:36:43,103 --> 01:36:45,507 The lay-offs are already piling up this year. 1152 01:36:45,607 --> 01:36:47,941 The lay-offs in technology just keep coming. 1153 01:36:48,042 --> 01:36:50,344 The latest, Google cutting hundreds of jobs. 1154 01:36:50,444 --> 01:36:51,945 Okay, it's one thing to do that, 1155 01:36:52,046 --> 01:36:54,014 to, like, decide that at a high level. 1156 01:36:54,114 --> 01:36:57,051 How do you execute that as compassionately as possible? 1157 01:36:57,151 --> 01:36:59,754 And there's no good way, um... 1158 01:37:00,254 --> 01:37:01,790 There's no perfect way, for sure, 1159 01:37:01,889 --> 01:37:03,792 and it's gonna be tough no matter what, 1160 01:37:03,891 --> 01:37:05,859 but as a leadership team here, 1161 01:37:05,959 --> 01:37:07,995 we've certainly spent a lot of time just thinking, 1162 01:37:08,095 --> 01:37:11,965 "What is the most compassionate way that we can do this?" 1163 01:37:23,877 --> 01:37:25,780 From where Winston stood, 1164 01:37:25,879 --> 01:37:27,381 it was just possible to read, 1165 01:37:27,481 --> 01:37:31,285 picked out on its white face in elegant lettering, 1166 01:37:31,619 --> 01:37:34,355 the three slogans of the party, 1167 01:37:34,455 --> 01:37:36,957 Freedom is Slavery, 1168 01:37:37,057 --> 01:37:39,794 War is Peace, 1169 01:37:39,893 --> 01:37:42,863 Ignorance is Strength. 1170 01:37:55,744 --> 01:37:57,978 Again, how many fingers? 1171 01:38:00,481 --> 01:38:02,049 I don't know. 1172 01:38:03,016 --> 01:38:04,519 I don't know. 1173 01:38:05,620 --> 01:38:08,222 Four, five, six? 1174 01:38:09,089 --> 01:38:12,226 In all honesty, I don't know. 1175 01:38:20,234 --> 01:38:22,202 The Cotswold Sanatorium, 1176 01:38:22,302 --> 01:38:27,876 Cranham, Gloucestershire, the 2nd of February, 1949. 1177 01:38:28,275 --> 01:38:33,447 Dear Julian, I wonder how you and your family are getting on. 1178 01:38:33,548 --> 01:38:36,785 I have been in this place about a month. 1179 01:38:36,885 --> 01:38:39,186 I think I told you last time I wrote 1180 01:38:39,286 --> 01:38:42,156 that I had been feeling very bad again. 1181 01:38:42,489 --> 01:38:44,992 Richard is getting on for five now 1182 01:38:45,092 --> 01:38:47,595 and is enormous and very healthy, 1183 01:38:47,695 --> 01:38:51,498 though still not interested in learning his letters. 1184 01:38:51,800 --> 01:38:54,201 I suppose this coming winter 1185 01:38:54,301 --> 01:38:56,503 he will have to start going to school, 1186 01:38:56,604 --> 01:39:01,074 which he is certain to enjoy, as he is very gregarious. 1187 01:39:22,196 --> 01:39:25,700 Cranham, 8th of April, 1949. 1188 01:39:25,800 --> 01:39:30,638 Dear Richard, don't depress the others too much with this, 1189 01:39:30,738 --> 01:39:34,308 but the fact is I am in a bad way at present. 1190 01:39:34,408 --> 01:39:37,779 They are going to try streptomycin again. 1191 01:39:37,879 --> 01:39:39,681 If things go badly... 1192 01:39:40,047 --> 01:39:41,982 Of course we'll hope they won't, 1193 01:39:42,082 --> 01:39:44,652 but one must be prepared for the worst. 1194 01:39:44,752 --> 01:39:47,988 ...I'll ask you to bring little Richard to see me 1195 01:39:48,088 --> 01:39:51,191 before I get too frightening in appearance. 1196 01:40:21,789 --> 01:40:27,261 Cranham, Gloucester, 22nd of August, 1949. 1197 01:40:27,829 --> 01:40:31,633 Dear Fred, could you please send one copy each 1198 01:40:31,733 --> 01:40:35,168 of Burmese Days and Coming up for Air 1199 01:40:35,269 --> 01:40:38,706 to Sonia Brownell care of Horizon ? 1200 01:40:40,107 --> 01:40:42,075 As I warned you I might do, 1201 01:40:42,175 --> 01:40:44,311 I intend getting married again, 1202 01:40:44,879 --> 01:40:46,280 to Sonia. 1203 01:40:46,714 --> 01:40:50,618 When I am once again in the land of the living, 1204 01:40:50,718 --> 01:40:52,219 if I ever am, 1205 01:40:52,554 --> 01:40:56,290 I suppose everyone will be horrified, 1206 01:40:56,658 --> 01:40:59,459 but apart from other considerations, 1207 01:40:59,761 --> 01:41:02,830 I really think I should stay alive longer 1208 01:41:02,931 --> 01:41:05,132 if I were married. 1209 01:41:08,603 --> 01:41:10,972 One, two! 1210 01:41:11,071 --> 01:41:13,942 One, two! 1211 01:41:14,042 --> 01:41:16,544 One, two! 1212 01:41:16,644 --> 01:41:19,246 One, two! 1213 01:41:20,247 --> 01:41:21,916 Smith? 1214 01:41:22,016 --> 01:41:24,318 6079 Smith, W.? 1215 01:41:25,118 --> 01:41:28,121 Yes, you. Bend lower. 1216 01:41:28,823 --> 01:41:32,894 Winston wrenched his body out of bed, naked. 1217 01:41:32,994 --> 01:41:36,330 The physical jerks would begin in three minutes. 1218 01:41:36,430 --> 01:41:40,568 The next moment, he was doubled up by a violent coughing fit, 1219 01:41:40,668 --> 01:41:44,338 which nearly always attacked him soon after waking up. 1220 01:41:44,438 --> 01:41:47,474 It emptied his lungs so completely 1221 01:41:47,575 --> 01:41:49,877 that he could only begin breathing again 1222 01:41:49,978 --> 01:41:51,646 by lying on his back 1223 01:41:51,746 --> 01:41:55,115 and taking a series of deep gasps. 1224 01:42:07,762 --> 01:42:09,496 Dear Francis A. Henson 1225 01:42:09,597 --> 01:42:12,132 of the United Automobile Workers. 1226 01:42:12,466 --> 01:42:15,003 My recent novel is not intended 1227 01:42:15,103 --> 01:42:17,170 as an attack on socialism 1228 01:42:17,270 --> 01:42:19,874 or on the British Labour Party, 1229 01:42:19,974 --> 01:42:22,110 of which I am a supporter, 1230 01:42:22,209 --> 01:42:24,679 but as a show-up of the perversions 1231 01:42:24,779 --> 01:42:28,148 to which a centralized economy is liable 1232 01:42:28,248 --> 01:42:31,218 and which have already been partly realized 1233 01:42:31,318 --> 01:42:33,821 in communism and fascism. 1234 01:42:33,921 --> 01:42:37,692 I do not believe that the kind of society I describe 1235 01:42:37,792 --> 01:42:39,594 necessarily will arrive, 1236 01:42:39,694 --> 01:42:42,964 but I believe that something resembling it 1237 01:42:43,064 --> 01:42:44,565 could arrive. 1238 01:42:44,666 --> 01:42:47,234 And I have tried to draw these ideas out 1239 01:42:47,334 --> 01:42:49,704 to their logical consequences. 1240 01:42:49,804 --> 01:42:52,974 The scene of the book is laid in Britain 1241 01:42:53,074 --> 01:42:56,611 in order to emphasize that the English-speaking races 1242 01:42:56,711 --> 01:42:59,614 are not innately better than anyone else. 1243 01:42:59,714 --> 01:43:02,850 And that totalitarianism, 1244 01:43:02,950 --> 01:43:07,387 if not fought against, could triumph anywhere. 1245 01:43:12,026 --> 01:43:13,628 We are the dead. 1246 01:43:15,797 --> 01:43:17,431 We are the dead. 1247 01:43:17,532 --> 01:43:20,902 You are the dead. 1248 01:43:21,002 --> 01:43:23,071 Remain exactly where you are. 1249 01:43:23,171 --> 01:43:25,973 Make no move until you are ordered. 1250 01:43:40,487 --> 01:43:41,421 Don't resist. 1251 01:43:41,522 --> 01:43:43,356 Stand in the middle of the room! 1252 01:43:46,027 --> 01:43:48,863 Do not touch one another. 1253 01:43:51,132 --> 01:43:52,633 Take the woman! 1254 01:43:52,734 --> 01:43:55,235 No, don't let them take me! 1255 01:43:55,335 --> 01:43:58,072 No, no, no! 1256 01:44:00,074 --> 01:44:04,579 I warned you it wouldn't be as peaceful here as you would like. 1257 01:44:05,146 --> 01:44:07,447 Nothing is hidden from the Thought Police. 1258 01:44:18,726 --> 01:44:21,195 "How does one man assert his power 1259 01:44:21,294 --> 01:44:23,564 over another, Winston?" 1260 01:44:24,331 --> 01:44:26,167 Winston thought. 1261 01:44:26,634 --> 01:44:29,369 "By making him suffer," he said. 1262 01:44:29,469 --> 01:44:33,241 "Exactly. By making him suffer." 1263 01:44:38,579 --> 01:44:41,481 Obedience is not enough. 1264 01:44:41,582 --> 01:44:43,918 Unless he is suffering, 1265 01:44:44,417 --> 01:44:47,221 how can you be sure that he is obeying your will 1266 01:44:47,320 --> 01:44:48,689 and not his own? 1267 01:44:50,525 --> 01:44:54,461 Power is in inflicting pain and humiliation. 1268 01:44:58,699 --> 01:45:02,703 Power is in tearing human minds to pieces 1269 01:45:02,804 --> 01:45:06,207 and putting them together again in new shapes 1270 01:45:06,306 --> 01:45:08,308 of your own choosing. 1271 01:45:16,117 --> 01:45:17,317 Not to me. 1272 01:45:17,417 --> 01:45:19,020 Not to me. 1273 01:45:22,557 --> 01:45:24,892 If you want a vision of the future, Winston, 1274 01:45:24,992 --> 01:45:29,496 imagine a boot stamping on a human face forever. 1275 01:45:31,299 --> 01:45:34,367 Please. 1276 01:45:35,236 --> 01:45:38,606 Do it to her. To Julia. 1277 01:45:38,940 --> 01:45:41,341 I don't care what you do to her, but do it to her. 1278 01:45:41,441 --> 01:45:43,744 Tear her face off. Do it to Julia and not to me! 1279 01:45:46,147 --> 01:45:48,583 Do it to Julia! 1280 01:45:49,150 --> 01:45:51,586 Do it to Julia! 1281 01:45:52,086 --> 01:45:54,387 Not me! 1282 01:45:54,487 --> 01:45:56,456 Do you begin to see, then 1283 01:45:56,557 --> 01:45:59,694 what kind of world we are creating? 1284 01:46:38,431 --> 01:46:41,836 All we have done is to advance to a point 1285 01:46:41,936 --> 01:46:46,374 at which we could make a real improvement in human life, 1286 01:46:46,774 --> 01:46:49,677 but we shan't do it without the recognition 1287 01:46:49,777 --> 01:46:52,880 that common decency is necessary. 1288 01:47:12,833 --> 01:47:15,670 My chief hope for the future 1289 01:47:15,770 --> 01:47:17,872 is that the common people 1290 01:47:17,972 --> 01:47:22,576 have never parted company with their moral code. 1291 01:48:55,703 --> 01:48:57,538 I betrayed you. 1292 01:48:57,638 --> 01:48:59,373 I betrayed you. 1293 01:48:59,473 --> 01:49:01,208 I told them all about you. 1294 01:49:01,308 --> 01:49:03,044 Yes, I told them about you too. 1295 01:49:07,114 --> 01:49:08,816 I ask only... 1296 01:49:09,183 --> 01:49:11,752 for you to accept my love of our leader. 1297 01:49:11,852 --> 01:49:16,057 I love Big Brother. 1298 01:49:16,157 --> 01:49:17,858 Long live Big Brother. 1299 01:49:17,958 --> 01:49:20,694 Long live Big Brother! Long live Big Brother! 1300 01:49:20,795 --> 01:49:25,866 Long live Big Brother! Long live Big Brother! 1301 01:49:25,966 --> 01:49:29,804 Long live Big Brother! Long live Big Brother! 1302 01:49:29,904 --> 01:49:32,139 Long live Big Brother! 1303 01:49:46,954 --> 01:49:49,056 Ladies and gentlemen, 1304 01:49:49,156 --> 01:49:53,594 please welcome the next president of the United States, 1305 01:49:53,694 --> 01:49:57,331 President Donald J. Trump. 1306 01:50:00,067 --> 01:50:01,769 The greatest fear that I have 1307 01:50:01,869 --> 01:50:04,238 regarding the outcome 1308 01:50:04,338 --> 01:50:06,707 for America of these disclosures 1309 01:50:06,807 --> 01:50:08,776 is that nothing will change. 1310 01:50:09,210 --> 01:50:12,913 People will see in the media, all of these disclosures. 1311 01:50:13,013 --> 01:50:16,750 They'll know the lengths the government is going to 1312 01:50:16,851 --> 01:50:20,788 to grant themselves powers unilaterally 1313 01:50:20,888 --> 01:50:25,759 um, to create greater control over American society 1314 01:50:25,860 --> 01:50:27,562 and global society, 1315 01:50:27,661 --> 01:50:30,131 but they won't be willing 1316 01:50:30,231 --> 01:50:33,701 to take the risks necessary to stand up 1317 01:50:33,801 --> 01:50:35,870 and fight to change things, 1318 01:50:35,970 --> 01:50:38,906 to force their representatives 1319 01:50:39,006 --> 01:50:42,076 to actually take a stand in their interests. 1320 01:50:42,176 --> 01:50:44,078 In four years, you won't have to vote again. 1321 01:50:44,178 --> 01:50:46,413 We'll have it fixed so good, you're not gonna have to vote. 1322 01:50:51,986 --> 01:50:55,022 How do we solve collective-action problems? 1323 01:50:55,122 --> 01:50:57,391 We solve them with democracy. 1324 01:50:57,491 --> 01:51:01,862 So, there is one thing that surveillance capitalists fear. 1325 01:51:01,962 --> 01:51:05,199 It may not be me as an individual 1326 01:51:05,299 --> 01:51:06,767 or you as an individual 1327 01:51:06,867 --> 01:51:08,869 or your son or daughter as an individual, 1328 01:51:08,969 --> 01:51:13,240 but what they fear is all of us mobilized together now. 1329 01:51:28,856 --> 01:51:30,691 "If there is hope," 1330 01:51:30,791 --> 01:51:33,861 wrote Winston, "it lies in the proles. 1331 01:51:34,461 --> 01:51:38,999 If there was hope, it must lie in the proles 1332 01:51:40,000 --> 01:51:43,337 because only there, in those swarming, 1333 01:51:43,437 --> 01:51:45,206 disregarded masses, 1334 01:51:45,306 --> 01:51:48,842 85% of the population of Oceania, 1335 01:51:48,943 --> 01:51:51,646 could the force to destroy the party 1336 01:51:51,745 --> 01:51:54,148 ever be generated. 1337 01:51:54,616 --> 01:51:59,820 The party could not be overthrown from within." 1338 01:53:11,425 --> 01:53:13,861 Daily routine 1339 01:53:13,961 --> 01:53:16,731 at University College Hospital. 1340 01:53:17,064 --> 01:53:19,099 "How did you sleep?" 1341 01:53:21,268 --> 01:53:23,470 7 to 7:30 a.m. 1342 01:53:24,838 --> 01:53:26,106 Temperature taken. 1343 01:53:28,375 --> 01:53:30,377 7:30 to 8. 1344 01:53:31,780 --> 01:53:33,480 Blanket bath. 1345 01:53:34,683 --> 01:53:36,283 Back rubbed. 1346 01:53:37,686 --> 01:53:39,486 10:30. 1347 01:53:40,722 --> 01:53:43,891 Ward maid comes to sweep room. 1348 01:53:47,662 --> 01:53:51,733 6:45, dinner. 1349 01:53:52,132 --> 01:53:56,070 10, temperature taken. 1350 01:53:56,470 --> 01:53:58,906 A drink of some sort. 1351 01:54:00,274 --> 01:54:02,343 10:30 about. 1352 01:54:03,678 --> 01:54:05,680 Bed tipped 1353 01:54:05,946 --> 01:54:08,783 and light put out 1354 01:54:08,882 --> 01:54:10,518 shortly after.