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Food.

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It's a set of relationships.

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It connects you to
the farmer who grew it.

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It connects you to
the animals or the plants.

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It connects you to the soil.

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It connects you to the workers
who prepared it.

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So there's a lot at stake
when you sit down to eat.

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Over the last two decades,

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thanks to some books
and movies,

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like the first "Food Inc.,"

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something called
the Food Movement got started.

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People became keenly interested

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in where their food comes from,
how is it produced.

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Today, farmers markets
are everywhere.

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And even in the supermarket
you can buy organic food,

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grass-fed, GMO-free.

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So, we thought we could
create a food system

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aligned with our values.

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But the food industry
is dominated by a small handful

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of very large
and very powerful companies.

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In normal times,
the power of the food industry,

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of the monopolies
that dominate it,

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is invisible to most of us.

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But when the pandemic hit,

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the curtain was peeled back...

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...and you began to see that
this highly efficient,

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consolidated food system
is a very brittle system.

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There were whole crops
being buried,

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hogs being euthanized 'cause
they couldn't be processed.

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Farmers disposing
a flood of milk.

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At the same time there were
shortages in the supermarket

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and then people were lining up
for miles

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because they were hungry.

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So this consolidated
food system

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could not adapt to
the changes coming so fast.

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We have built a system
that depends on predictability

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and the one thing
we can't count on,

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is predictability anymore.

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We need a system
that is more resilient

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than the one we have.

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You know, we really thought
we could change the food system

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one bite at a time.

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And as important as that is,

44
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it's not enough,
there's more we have to do.

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I have been

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working in the fields
since I was a kid

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harvesting different crops.

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I heard about Immokalee
back in Mexico.

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People were talking about
if you go to Immokalee

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you are going
to earn $70 a day.

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And that was just
a flat-out lie

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of recruiters trying to,
uh, just bring people,

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uh, with those,
uh, false pretenses.

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Working in the fields,
it's mainly Latino workers

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and Haitian workers.

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The industry wants
immigrant workers

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because they feel that
they can take advantage of us.

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If you eat fresh fruits

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and vegetables,
you're connected to immigrants

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who are being paid poor wages
and being mistreated.

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My whole entry into the world
of food and food systems

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was in trying to understand how

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in the 20th
and the 21st century,

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we could be abusing
and exploiting

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the poorest workers
in the United States

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who are responsible for the
healthiest foods that we eat.

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In Immokalee, at the height
of the pandemic,

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state government
did absolutely nothing

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to protect these workers.

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In fact,
the state government in Florida

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even prevented contact tracing

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because if they found people
who had COVID,

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they'd have to remove them
from the workforce.

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The idea was,
let's not know who's sick

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and get as much harvested
as possible.

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You know we're feeding
the country,

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so our work is essential

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but we as people,
we're treated as disposable.

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Iowa's always recognized

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as a flyover state.

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Those of us that live here

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understand that
there's security in that.

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Good morning.

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I can take that country omelet
on for you.

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How are you guys?

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It's my job
to protect 135,000 citizens

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in Black Hawk County.

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We very much appreciate your
support for the college...

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You bet.

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There's
hardworking, blue-collar,

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good, honest,

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salt-of-the-earth-type
people here.

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Here we go,
ham and cheese omelet.

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-Thank you.
-Any hot sauce for you?

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-No, this is great.
-All right.

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-Appreciate it, thank you.
-Enjoy.

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At the beginning
of the pandemic,

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we were fearful
what we were gonna face.

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And all of a sudden,
we had people

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testing positive
in our clinics here.

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Almost all of our
contact tracing pointed back

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to the Tyson meatpacking plant.

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So this is the Tyson plant.

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Tyson's is one of
the larger employers here.

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They bring income
and they provide jobs.

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You don't want
to alienate them.

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But our disease
surveillance officer,

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public health director

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and myself went into
that plant.

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We saw people working
elbow to elbow,

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and reaching over the top
of each other.

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And no masks, no regulation,

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no... no real concerted policy
on how to protect each other.

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And then we're hearing
from people that, you know,

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they're-they're stepping back
off the line,

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puking on the floor,
going right back to work.

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We walked out of there,
all of us, just going,

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"Oh, my God, this is horrible.

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We are, we are in
so much trouble."

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By the end of the month,
they had 1,300 positives

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out of 2,500 employees.

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And then it started to seep
out of the plant

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into our community.

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You know, we had
exponential increases

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in the numbers of deaths,
um, by day.

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Not by week, not by month,
but by day.

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We wanted the ten-to-14-day
shutdown of the plant,

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but Tyson made it
very clear to us

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that it just wasn't
going to happen.

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The meatpacking industry
was worried

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that local public authorities
were going to shut down

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their slaughterhouses.

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So John Tyson wrote a letter
that was published

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in newspapers across
the United States

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raising a fear that we might
start running out of meat.

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And then the meatpacking
companies went to the president

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to keep their
slaughterhouses open.

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-We're working with Tyson...
-Should we

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-ban exports?
-We are.

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We're gonna sign an executive
order today I believe.

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Two days
after the Tyson letter,

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the Trump administration
issued an order

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under
the Defense Production Act

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to ensure that the plants
would keep running.

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So the industry got the
president of the United States

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to do exactly what it wanted.

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It even helped write the
executive order that he issued.

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It's a total perversion of
the Defense Production Act

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to use it to allow a company
to do what it wants to do.

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The whole point of the act is
to force companies to do things

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they might not want to do,
to serve the American public.

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Tyson says
that they were doing this

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to feed America, but we know
that a lot of their meat

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goes to China and overseas.

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We also know that Tyson
had a banner year.

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That's blood money.

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They didn't care
about our citizens

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and way too many people
paid the price for that.

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I am Agriculture USA,

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born in freedom.

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I have become the greatest
provider in all history.

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I'm the spirit of progress.

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I'm a way of life,

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the American way.

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During the Cold War,

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we talked about why our system
was so much superior

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to that of the Soviet Union.

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And it was the free market
that was supposedly responsible

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for the greatness
of this country.

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The 1950s into the early 1960s

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was a period of rising wages
for American workers.

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It's the greatest period of
the growth of the middle class

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in American history.

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And those things are connected
to having real competition

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and strict antitrust
enforcement.

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The basic idea behind
antitrust policy

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is that no one company,
that no two companies

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should dominate an entire
sector of our economy.

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There was strict antitrust
enforcement for decades

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under both Democratic
and Republican administrations.

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In the 1940s, there was
an antitrust suit against AandP.

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Their 14% of the market
for groceries

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was considered
a threat to competition.

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But one of the big monopolies

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that endured was ATandT.

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It was argued
that we couldn't break it up

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because we needed
one company to control

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all the phone lines.

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Uh, the country,
in the long run, will be sorry,

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and I find it difficult
to believe that things

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will work as well, uh,
in the, in the future

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as they have worked
in the past.

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But then ATandT was broken up,

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and pretty soon,
there were huge reductions

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in the cost of making
a long-distance call.

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That opened the way
for cellular phones,

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modems, and the whole
Internet economy we have today.

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So, breaking up monopolies

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is directly linked
to creating innovation.

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Around 1980,
antitrust enforcement

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was greatly reduced.

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It was argued
that if prices were low,

203
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then it didn't matter
how much control

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over a market one company had.

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Those views came to be
government policy.

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00:14:40,648 --> 00:14:43,984
Corporations began to buy up
their competitors.

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00:14:44,017 --> 00:14:47,689
And they got bigger
and bigger and bigger.

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00:14:47,722 --> 00:14:50,357
Back then, the four largest
beef companies

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00:14:50,391 --> 00:14:54,161
controlled only 25%
of the market.

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Today, the four largest
beef companies

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00:14:56,664 --> 00:15:00,100
control 85% of the market.

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00:15:00,134 --> 00:15:04,972
Three companies control
83% of the cold cereal market.

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00:15:05,005 --> 00:15:07,441
Two companies control 70%

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00:15:07,474 --> 00:15:10,177
of the carbonated
soft drink market.

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00:15:10,210 --> 00:15:16,016
Two companies control 80%
of the baby formula market.

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Why do companies buy up
their competitors?

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It's because they don't
want to compete.

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And when they don't
have to compete,

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consumers have to pay more,

220
00:15:26,059 --> 00:15:28,462
farmers and ranchers
get paid less,

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00:15:28,495 --> 00:15:31,131
and the difference goes
to those corporations

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as higher profits.

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But that's not
the only problem.

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A highly consolidated market
becomes a fragile market.

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In 2022,

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when Abbott had to shut down
a single factory,

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00:15:46,748 --> 00:15:49,416
43% of the nation's
baby formula

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00:15:49,450 --> 00:15:51,985
was suddenly off the shelves,

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and mothers had
to start scrambling

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to find food for infants.

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There is no formula
within, like,

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three hours of where we live.

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00:16:02,530 --> 00:16:05,065
I haven't been able to find
formula for, like, a month.

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00:16:05,098 --> 00:16:06,734
I've been going
to stores, like,

235
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almost every day,
every other day.

236
00:16:09,269 --> 00:16:10,772
What are our options here?

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00:16:10,805 --> 00:16:13,173
What do y'all want
people to do,

238
00:16:13,207 --> 00:16:15,409
'cause I don't know
about y'all...

239
00:16:17,612 --> 00:16:20,247
...but this is scary.

240
00:16:20,280 --> 00:16:23,551
When you have monopoly power
over baby formula,

241
00:16:23,585 --> 00:16:27,254
and one company has a problem
at one factory,

242
00:16:27,287 --> 00:16:30,625
suddenly, some infants
don't get to eat.

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00:16:39,266 --> 00:16:41,301
Wisconsin is the dairy state.

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00:16:41,335 --> 00:16:43,437
It's not an accident.

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00:16:43,470 --> 00:16:46,273
It makes sense that we're
producing dairy here.

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00:16:46,306 --> 00:16:49,476
We have good access to water.

247
00:16:49,511 --> 00:16:52,279
We have good growing seasons.

248
00:16:53,781 --> 00:16:56,450
So, this is
a really great place

249
00:16:56,483 --> 00:17:00,320
to have animals
and produce milk.

250
00:17:00,354 --> 00:17:03,290
Hello, there, ladies.

251
00:17:03,323 --> 00:17:05,793
Dairy is really in the blood

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00:17:05,827 --> 00:17:11,265
of Wisconsin farmers,
but it's crushing us right now.

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00:17:12,432 --> 00:17:15,068
We've just had
continually low prices

254
00:17:15,102 --> 00:17:17,371
paid to us for our milk.

255
00:17:19,741 --> 00:17:22,610
We are considered
a medium-sized farm

256
00:17:22,644 --> 00:17:24,679
by Wisconsin standards.

257
00:17:27,314 --> 00:17:29,383
When I married my husband
in 2007,

258
00:17:29,416 --> 00:17:33,588
we were only milking 250 cows,
and now we're at 450.

259
00:17:33,621 --> 00:17:37,391
And that's because we're just
trying to run faster

260
00:17:37,424 --> 00:17:40,160
to keep our head above water.

261
00:17:41,328 --> 00:17:44,398
Farmers are overproducing,

262
00:17:44,431 --> 00:17:47,334
which is leading
to a lower price.

263
00:17:47,367 --> 00:17:49,169
And what people do,

264
00:17:49,202 --> 00:17:50,672
and what the bank
tells me to do,

265
00:17:50,705 --> 00:17:54,341
is to just keep trying
to produce more.

266
00:17:55,877 --> 00:17:58,278
We kind of create
a vicious cycle,

267
00:17:58,312 --> 00:18:00,582
because then we're producing
more and more

268
00:18:00,615 --> 00:18:02,282
and then the price
is going down

269
00:18:02,316 --> 00:18:05,485
and then we're producing
more to try to stay afloat.

270
00:18:05,520 --> 00:18:08,188
It's really a disaster.

271
00:18:11,291 --> 00:18:15,495
Well, I think that we're huge,
at 450 cows,

272
00:18:15,530 --> 00:18:17,230
and then we're
trying to compete

273
00:18:17,264 --> 00:18:19,734
with these
thousand-cow dairies.

274
00:18:19,767 --> 00:18:22,804
And they're looking at
the 5,000 cow dairies

275
00:18:22,837 --> 00:18:25,305
and then the 5,000-cow dairy

276
00:18:25,339 --> 00:18:28,141
is trying to compete
with the 10,000.

277
00:18:28,175 --> 00:18:30,578
And now you hear about
20,000-cow dairies,

278
00:18:30,612 --> 00:18:32,212
30,000-cow dairies.

279
00:18:32,245 --> 00:18:33,781
Where does it stop?

280
00:18:36,551 --> 00:18:40,688
Now there are fewer
and fewer processers

281
00:18:40,722 --> 00:18:44,424
because they've all merged
with each other.

282
00:18:45,827 --> 00:18:49,530
So it used to be that
if I didn't like the price,

283
00:18:49,564 --> 00:18:54,401
I could find other processers
to buy my milk.

284
00:18:54,434 --> 00:18:57,538
But now,
because of consolidation,

285
00:18:57,572 --> 00:19:01,776
I can't move my milk to another
place with a better price.

286
00:19:05,847 --> 00:19:12,520
We've lost half of our dairy
farms in Wisconsin since 2007.

287
00:19:12,553 --> 00:19:16,323
Lots of people going bankrupt.

288
00:19:16,356 --> 00:19:20,795
The corporate control
pushing folks like us

289
00:19:20,828 --> 00:19:24,164
to just throw up their hands
and say, "I'm done."

290
00:19:28,335 --> 00:19:30,571
The food system is often at war

291
00:19:30,605 --> 00:19:32,740
with nature.

292
00:19:32,774 --> 00:19:34,542
And one of the great examples

293
00:19:34,575 --> 00:19:36,443
is when you watch
the dairy industry

294
00:19:36,476 --> 00:19:41,883
move from wet, grassy places
like Wisconsin and Vermont

295
00:19:41,916 --> 00:19:45,485
to deserts like
California and Arizona.

296
00:19:45,520 --> 00:19:48,723
How could this
possibly make sense?

297
00:19:48,756 --> 00:19:51,324
Well, as dairies get bigger,

298
00:19:51,358 --> 00:19:54,662
they move to places where
there are very few regulations,

299
00:19:54,696 --> 00:19:57,799
where land is cheap
and you can grow crops

300
00:19:57,832 --> 00:20:01,636
to feed your cattle
all year round.

301
00:20:01,669 --> 00:20:04,605
But the environmental cost
to this is insane.

302
00:20:04,639 --> 00:20:07,508
The rain will oblige you
in Wisconsin

303
00:20:07,542 --> 00:20:09,744
and grow the grass for you.

304
00:20:10,745 --> 00:20:12,580
But in the desert,

305
00:20:12,613 --> 00:20:16,651
this is water that must be
pumped deep out of the aquifers

306
00:20:16,684 --> 00:20:20,822
to irrigate the crops
and hydrate the cattle.

307
00:20:20,855 --> 00:20:24,257
These mega-dairies are rapidly
draining the water table

308
00:20:24,291 --> 00:20:26,527
in the Colorado River

309
00:20:26,561 --> 00:20:28,029
and leaving
neighboring communities

310
00:20:28,062 --> 00:20:30,330
without drinking water.

311
00:20:31,331 --> 00:20:32,867
So the logic of capitalism

312
00:20:32,900 --> 00:20:35,703
and the logic of nature
are at war.

313
00:20:35,737 --> 00:20:40,541
It's a classic example
of profits over sustainability.

314
00:20:53,821 --> 00:20:55,656
My great-great-grandfather,

315
00:20:55,690 --> 00:20:58,926
he settled here in 1894.

316
00:21:00,728 --> 00:21:06,299
My dad came in 1975 and farmed
for the next 40 years.

317
00:21:07,535 --> 00:21:10,571
And then, uh,
I took over the operation.

318
00:21:11,606 --> 00:21:13,473
Things have really changed,

319
00:21:13,508 --> 00:21:15,977
just from my father's time
to mine.

320
00:21:17,945 --> 00:21:21,314
In Iowa, we used to grow
a multitude of crops.

321
00:21:21,348 --> 00:21:24,018
You know, 100 years ago,
we used to have apple orchards,

322
00:21:24,051 --> 00:21:26,754
and every farm had livestock.

323
00:21:26,788 --> 00:21:28,455
But when you drive
across Iowa now,

324
00:21:28,488 --> 00:21:30,691
you see nothing
but commodity crops:

325
00:21:30,725 --> 00:21:32,960
corn and soybeans,

326
00:21:32,994 --> 00:21:37,397
because those are the crops
the government subsidizes.

327
00:21:37,430 --> 00:21:39,867
And that's why, that's why
farmers do what they do,

328
00:21:39,901 --> 00:21:42,402
is they follow the policy,
because they're in business

329
00:21:42,435 --> 00:21:44,739
to make money
just like everyone else.

330
00:21:45,540 --> 00:21:48,743
But the thing that
is not factored into that

331
00:21:48,776 --> 00:21:51,913
is what is the result
to the land?

332
00:21:52,914 --> 00:21:54,715
Our best resource here in Iowa

333
00:21:54,749 --> 00:21:56,784
is the richest soil
in the world.

334
00:21:57,585 --> 00:22:00,487
But because of the intensive
farming that we've done,

335
00:22:00,521 --> 00:22:03,423
half of our topsoil
is already gone.

336
00:22:03,456 --> 00:22:06,060
We're losing soil faster
than we're making it.

337
00:22:06,861 --> 00:22:09,496
And I get reminded of this
every year

338
00:22:09,530 --> 00:22:13,466
as I'm farming next
to the fence lines.

339
00:22:13,500 --> 00:22:15,036
And you can see a drop-off

340
00:22:15,069 --> 00:22:17,104
between the fence line
and your field level,

341
00:22:17,138 --> 00:22:20,708
and that tells you exactly
how much soil you've lost.

342
00:22:23,711 --> 00:22:26,914
I-I think any Iowa farm boy
growing up

343
00:22:26,948 --> 00:22:29,617
wants to farm full-time.

344
00:22:29,650 --> 00:22:31,752
But I farm about 300 acres,

345
00:22:31,786 --> 00:22:36,757
and 300 acres is not enough
to feed a family comfortably.

346
00:22:36,791 --> 00:22:40,427
So I work off the farm,
as do a lot of folks.

347
00:22:40,460 --> 00:22:42,429
How's, uh, a load of seeds
sound here,

348
00:22:42,462 --> 00:22:43,598
uh, later this morning?

349
00:22:43,631 --> 00:22:45,066
Stop by and, uh,
drop that off...

350
00:22:45,099 --> 00:22:48,135
I sell seed
and I sell farm inputs,

351
00:22:48,169 --> 00:22:50,905
chemicals to help
eliminate pests and weeds.

352
00:22:52,439 --> 00:22:54,141
So let's look
at this field here.

353
00:22:54,175 --> 00:22:55,643
You got a lot
of potential value...

354
00:22:55,676 --> 00:22:56,777
I make recommendations

355
00:22:56,811 --> 00:22:59,180
to use synthetic fertilizers

356
00:22:59,213 --> 00:23:01,983
to get the highest return
off of their land.

357
00:23:04,652 --> 00:23:06,854
So, I make my living
from what a lot of people

358
00:23:06,888 --> 00:23:09,156
would call the industrialized
food system.

359
00:23:12,526 --> 00:23:17,064
However, I have big concerns
about the future.

360
00:23:21,869 --> 00:23:24,872
-That's 40 bags.
-Okay.

361
00:23:24,906 --> 00:23:26,741
If we stay on this path

362
00:23:26,774 --> 00:23:29,911
where we continue
to subsidize commodity crops,

363
00:23:29,944 --> 00:23:31,879
that's not good
for the long-term

364
00:23:31,913 --> 00:23:34,649
of our farming communities,
our soils, our water quality.

365
00:23:36,884 --> 00:23:41,122
So, I'm trying to come up with
a whole new system

366
00:23:41,155 --> 00:23:43,658
so farmers like myself
can grow things in a way

367
00:23:43,691 --> 00:23:45,993
that changes
the rules of the game.

368
00:23:57,705 --> 00:23:59,006
-Hi.
-Senator, how are you?

369
00:23:59,040 --> 00:24:00,074
-I'm very good.
-Nice to meet you.

370
00:24:00,107 --> 00:24:01,242
Nice to meet you as well.

371
00:24:01,275 --> 00:24:02,810
Farmer Steve, I'm farming.

372
00:24:02,843 --> 00:24:04,477
Uh, all right. All right.

373
00:24:04,512 --> 00:24:05,913
-Cory.
-We're thrilled

374
00:24:05,947 --> 00:24:08,215
to be able to have
Senator Cory Booker,

375
00:24:08,249 --> 00:24:10,017
appointed earlier this year

376
00:24:10,051 --> 00:24:11,185
to the Senate
Agriculture Committee.

377
00:24:15,690 --> 00:24:17,158
You have no idea
how exciting it is for me

378
00:24:17,191 --> 00:24:19,226
to be standing here
in a field in my own state.

379
00:24:19,260 --> 00:24:24,065
It was 15 years ago this month
that I was elected

380
00:24:24,098 --> 00:24:27,735
to be mayor of New Jersey's
largest city.

381
00:24:27,768 --> 00:24:29,870
If you would have told me
15 years ago

382
00:24:29,904 --> 00:24:34,642
that I would use every point
of leverage I had in the Senate

383
00:24:34,675 --> 00:24:38,012
to become, uh,
a member of the Ag Committee,

384
00:24:38,045 --> 00:24:39,914
I would have not believed you.

385
00:24:39,947 --> 00:24:42,516
I want you to know
I am so excited to have

386
00:24:42,550 --> 00:24:45,219
the top of my agenda right now,

387
00:24:45,252 --> 00:24:48,956
uh, dealing with, uh,
America's food system,

388
00:24:48,990 --> 00:24:50,958
which is savagely broken.

389
00:24:50,992 --> 00:24:52,860
I-I come at this

390
00:24:52,893 --> 00:24:54,628
through lived experience.

391
00:24:54,662 --> 00:24:58,065
I watched what our food systems

392
00:24:58,099 --> 00:25:02,103
were doing to my family members
and to my community.

393
00:25:03,871 --> 00:25:06,140
Being on the ground
as a local leader,

394
00:25:06,173 --> 00:25:08,242
I started seeing
that the systems within Newark

395
00:25:08,275 --> 00:25:10,978
were really failing kids,
families

396
00:25:11,012 --> 00:25:14,281
where they didn't have access
to healthy foods.

397
00:25:15,950 --> 00:25:19,020
These foods were
being pushed in a way

398
00:25:19,053 --> 00:25:23,724
that seemed, to me,
to prey upon low-income people.

399
00:25:25,159 --> 00:25:28,029
They need the cheapest
food possible,

400
00:25:28,062 --> 00:25:31,032
but they're living
in the middle of a food desert,

401
00:25:31,065 --> 00:25:34,535
where a Twinkie product
is cheaper than an apple.

402
00:25:36,070 --> 00:25:38,973
African American kids,
in the last decade alone,

403
00:25:39,006 --> 00:25:42,076
have seen
their diabetes rates double.

404
00:25:43,344 --> 00:25:45,980
So it just made me want
to drastically change

405
00:25:46,013 --> 00:25:48,749
the food systems for, then,
my community,

406
00:25:48,783 --> 00:25:51,252
but now, of fixing
the broken food systems

407
00:25:51,285 --> 00:25:55,022
in the United States
and globally.

408
00:26:02,229 --> 00:26:04,365
This part of Montana

409
00:26:04,398 --> 00:26:07,835
is a place where buffalo
had a hard time surviving.

410
00:26:07,868 --> 00:26:10,237
But you can actually raise
a hell of a crop here.

411
00:26:13,340 --> 00:26:16,677
In fact, I was supposed to
finish seeding my peas today,

412
00:26:16,710 --> 00:26:20,081
but as you can tell,
best-laid plans.

413
00:26:20,114 --> 00:26:23,050
Things don't tend to work
when it gets cold,

414
00:26:23,084 --> 00:26:25,820
including me.

415
00:26:28,255 --> 00:26:30,257
I never felt
appreciated as a farmer.

416
00:26:30,291 --> 00:26:34,161
I raise food, but food
is treated like a commodity,

417
00:26:34,195 --> 00:26:37,164
it wasn't treated
like something you'd eat.

418
00:26:38,199 --> 00:26:40,034
And I said to my wife,

419
00:26:40,067 --> 00:26:42,937
"If we don't do something
to improve our profit margin,

420
00:26:42,970 --> 00:26:46,407
w-we're gonna be selling out
just like everybody else."

421
00:26:46,440 --> 00:26:50,711
I would say there's about
150 bushel in the truck.

422
00:26:50,744 --> 00:26:53,814
In the late '80s,
we converted to organics...

423
00:26:54,615 --> 00:26:58,285
...and we raised durum
for organic noodles.

424
00:26:58,319 --> 00:27:00,821
It was the first time
since we'd been farming

425
00:27:00,855 --> 00:27:03,023
that I actually felt like
I was doing something

426
00:27:03,057 --> 00:27:06,660
that people appreciated,
that people wanted.

427
00:27:11,732 --> 00:27:14,368
But now, we're seeing
an all-out attack

428
00:27:14,401 --> 00:27:16,370
on family farm agriculture.

429
00:27:19,106 --> 00:27:21,375
The corporate business model

430
00:27:21,408 --> 00:27:24,745
is killing rural America,
it's killing it.

431
00:27:25,580 --> 00:27:27,414
And that's not the way
it should be.

432
00:27:27,448 --> 00:27:31,385
There needs to be people
living out here producing food.

433
00:27:34,054 --> 00:27:35,923
But as far as changing things,

434
00:27:35,956 --> 00:27:37,825
there's really only one place
you can do that,

435
00:27:37,858 --> 00:27:39,760
and that's Washington, D.C.

436
00:27:43,497 --> 00:27:47,168
We've seen a mass exodus
off the land.

437
00:27:48,202 --> 00:27:51,172
In my small town,
as an example,

438
00:27:51,205 --> 00:27:53,007
when I graduated
from high school,

439
00:27:53,040 --> 00:27:55,409
there was a thousand people
in that town,

440
00:27:55,442 --> 00:27:57,378
now there's about 600.

441
00:27:57,411 --> 00:28:01,248
There were two hardware stores,
now there are none.

442
00:28:01,282 --> 00:28:05,719
There were three grocery
stores, now there's one.

443
00:28:05,753 --> 00:28:08,889
And maybe the most distressing
is there were five bars,

444
00:28:08,923 --> 00:28:11,358
and now there's only two.

445
00:28:11,392 --> 00:28:14,895
I'm the Senate's
only working farmer,

446
00:28:14,929 --> 00:28:16,397
and I want rural America
to be vibrant again.

447
00:28:16,430 --> 00:28:18,832
That's my motivation here.

448
00:28:20,768 --> 00:28:22,403
Testa.

449
00:28:22,436 --> 00:28:23,804
Booka.

450
00:28:23,837 --> 00:28:25,940
How you doing, man?

451
00:28:25,973 --> 00:28:27,441
Good to see you.

452
00:28:29,076 --> 00:28:30,377
Jon Tester is,

453
00:28:30,411 --> 00:28:32,079
he's been a mentor to me
in the Senate.

454
00:28:32,112 --> 00:28:35,482
He, early on, talked to me
about the absurdities

455
00:28:35,517 --> 00:28:37,851
-in the Ag world.
-And you could make...

456
00:28:37,885 --> 00:28:39,286
It's this odd combination

457
00:28:39,320 --> 00:28:41,822
of a guy from Montana

458
00:28:41,855 --> 00:28:43,490
and a guy from New Jersey,
and yet,

459
00:28:43,525 --> 00:28:46,260
we have so much common ground.

460
00:28:46,293 --> 00:28:48,929
If you want to reestablish
rural America again,

461
00:28:48,963 --> 00:28:51,365
if you want to have people
that are able to live there,

462
00:28:51,398 --> 00:28:53,267
-y-you got to have opportunity.
-Yeah.

463
00:28:53,300 --> 00:28:54,969
And if you're gonna
have opportunity,

464
00:28:55,002 --> 00:28:56,804
then you got to have
fair prices.

465
00:28:56,837 --> 00:28:59,240
But when you have
consolidation,

466
00:28:59,273 --> 00:29:01,875
now you, now you've got people
setting prices.

467
00:29:01,909 --> 00:29:03,811
They go out on a golf course
and play a round of golf

468
00:29:03,844 --> 00:29:06,146
and determine what you're gonna
get for a-a bushel of wheat

469
00:29:06,180 --> 00:29:09,083
or, o-or whatever-whatever
you're talking about.

470
00:29:09,116 --> 00:29:12,119
But as long as we're,
uh, doing nothing,

471
00:29:12,152 --> 00:29:13,921
you're gonna continue
to see more consolidation

472
00:29:13,954 --> 00:29:15,256
and you're gonna
continue to see

473
00:29:15,289 --> 00:29:16,991
the demise of the family farm.

474
00:29:17,024 --> 00:29:20,261
So, in many ways, they're
picking winners and losers.

475
00:29:20,294 --> 00:29:22,963
The winners are the handful
of multinational corporations,

476
00:29:22,997 --> 00:29:25,299
the losers are
all the rest of us.

477
00:29:28,035 --> 00:29:30,004
We are so connected.

478
00:29:30,037 --> 00:29:31,872
The challenges in my community

479
00:29:31,905 --> 00:29:33,207
are directly connected
to a system

480
00:29:33,240 --> 00:29:35,342
that's driving farmers
out of business,

481
00:29:35,376 --> 00:29:38,178
hurting our soil
and our rivers,

482
00:29:38,212 --> 00:29:41,282
hurting the food workers,
hurting the end consumers.

483
00:29:42,316 --> 00:29:43,817
And as a nation,

484
00:29:43,851 --> 00:29:45,587
we are dramatically
subsidizing,

485
00:29:45,620 --> 00:29:51,091
with our tax dollars, the foods
that are making us sick.

486
00:29:51,125 --> 00:29:54,028
And only a small fraction
of our subsidies

487
00:29:54,061 --> 00:29:56,897
go to the healthy fresh foods

488
00:29:56,930 --> 00:29:59,833
that we should be eating
as a majority of our diet.

489
00:30:01,603 --> 00:30:05,939
I don't want the government to
be telling someone what to eat,

490
00:30:05,973 --> 00:30:09,043
but I sure as heck
don't want my tax dollars

491
00:30:09,076 --> 00:30:12,946
subsidizing the things
that are making people sick,

492
00:30:12,980 --> 00:30:16,850
and now we have to pay
for the health care costs

493
00:30:16,884 --> 00:30:18,852
of-of the chronic disease

494
00:30:18,886 --> 00:30:21,589
that we're fueling
with our food system.

495
00:30:21,623 --> 00:30:25,326
So, this is a conundrum to me.

496
00:30:33,334 --> 00:30:36,538
We have here
the world's largest potato.

497
00:30:36,571 --> 00:30:38,072
I'll say that's a large potato.

498
00:30:38,105 --> 00:30:40,407
And here's what's in it.

499
00:30:40,441 --> 00:30:42,976
I've had a long career

500
00:30:43,010 --> 00:30:44,978
about looking
at food and nutrition

501
00:30:45,012 --> 00:30:49,483
as ways to examine really
important problems in society.

502
00:30:49,517 --> 00:30:51,586
Food connects to everything.

503
00:30:54,321 --> 00:30:56,658
By the 1980s,
agricultural production

504
00:30:56,691 --> 00:31:00,260
had increased so much
in the United States

505
00:31:00,294 --> 00:31:04,198
that the number of calories
in the food supply

506
00:31:04,231 --> 00:31:07,935
increased to about 4,000
calories a day per person.

507
00:31:07,968 --> 00:31:10,605
And that's twice as many
calories available

508
00:31:10,638 --> 00:31:12,906
in the food supply
as anybody needs.

509
00:31:13,575 --> 00:31:16,110
This puts enormous pressure
on food companies.

510
00:31:16,143 --> 00:31:18,979
How are they gonna sell?

511
00:31:20,047 --> 00:31:24,451
Food companies are businesses
with stockholders to please.

512
00:31:27,187 --> 00:31:28,922
The profits have to get
bigger and bigger,

513
00:31:28,956 --> 00:31:31,358
sales have to increase
and increase.

514
00:31:31,392 --> 00:31:34,261
And food companies figured out
lots of ways to do that.

515
00:31:34,294 --> 00:31:36,397
Wendy's Baconator is

516
00:31:36,430 --> 00:31:38,533
the ultimate
bacon cheeseburger.

517
00:31:38,566 --> 00:31:40,467
They opened up fast-food places

518
00:31:40,501 --> 00:31:43,237
all over the world.

519
00:31:43,270 --> 00:31:46,674
They made foods
in larger portions.

520
00:31:46,708 --> 00:31:49,977
One enormous sandwich.

521
00:31:50,010 --> 00:31:52,012
If you are presented

522
00:31:52,045 --> 00:31:53,615
with a very large amount
of food...

523
00:31:53,648 --> 00:31:55,617
Our biggest entrees ever.

524
00:31:55,650 --> 00:31:57,184
...all of the research shows

525
00:31:57,217 --> 00:31:58,686
that you're gonna eat more
from that portion

526
00:31:58,720 --> 00:32:02,222
than you would if you were
given a small portion.

527
00:32:03,257 --> 00:32:05,627
And then,
food companies made foods

528
00:32:05,660 --> 00:32:09,196
available any place
that you could think of.

529
00:32:09,229 --> 00:32:10,998
You go into a clothing store,

530
00:32:11,031 --> 00:32:13,735
and there's candy bars
at the checkout counter.

531
00:32:13,768 --> 00:32:16,571
♪ Hot donuts ♪

532
00:32:16,604 --> 00:32:19,339
♪ With Kentucky
Fried Chicken. ♪

533
00:32:19,373 --> 00:32:21,442
So, food companies

534
00:32:21,475 --> 00:32:24,311
are doing everything they can
to get people to eat

535
00:32:24,344 --> 00:32:28,750
anytime, anyplace, day
or night, in large portions.

536
00:32:28,783 --> 00:32:33,320
What better way to sell foods,
whether people need it or not?

537
00:32:33,353 --> 00:32:35,122
It's time for Fourthmeal.

538
00:32:35,155 --> 00:32:38,125
It's a late-night meal,
between dinner and breakfast.

539
00:32:42,062 --> 00:32:44,131
So,
I think it's just very hard

540
00:32:44,164 --> 00:32:46,200
to resist a food environment

541
00:32:46,233 --> 00:32:49,303
that is just yelling at us
all the time,

542
00:32:49,336 --> 00:32:51,673
"Eat more! Eat more! Eat more!"

543
00:33:02,115 --> 00:33:03,785
In the 1980s,

544
00:33:03,818 --> 00:33:08,055
I worked as a pediatrician
in the outskirts of São Paulo.

545
00:33:09,824 --> 00:33:12,493
Since then, we have observed

546
00:33:12,527 --> 00:33:16,196
a decline
in child malnutrition,

547
00:33:16,230 --> 00:33:19,667
and an increase in obesity.

548
00:33:22,169 --> 00:33:24,772
We had, in Brazil, each year,

549
00:33:24,806 --> 00:33:28,108
one million new cases
of obesity.

550
00:33:30,077 --> 00:33:33,515
Our research found a decline

551
00:33:33,548 --> 00:33:38,686
in the purchase of salt,
cooking oils, table sugar,

552
00:33:38,720 --> 00:33:43,290
and-and then I say,
"Whoa, these are supposed to be

553
00:33:43,323 --> 00:33:45,292
"the determinants
of obesity, right?

554
00:33:45,325 --> 00:33:47,194
"If they are declining,
that's...

555
00:33:47,227 --> 00:33:48,763
this doesn't make sense."

556
00:33:50,230 --> 00:33:51,833
But then we realized
that that traditional,

557
00:33:51,866 --> 00:33:55,770
whole foods
like rice and beans,

558
00:33:55,803 --> 00:33:59,507
were being replaced
by soft drinks,

559
00:33:59,541 --> 00:34:04,111
packaged snacks, sausages,
instant noodles.

560
00:34:04,144 --> 00:34:06,446
All these products
are formulations

561
00:34:06,480 --> 00:34:09,449
of nutrients and additives.

562
00:34:10,450 --> 00:34:12,620
Colors and flavors,

563
00:34:12,654 --> 00:34:15,422
emulsifiers,
artificial sweeteners.

564
00:34:15,455 --> 00:34:17,759
These are chemical compounds

565
00:34:17,792 --> 00:34:22,530
totally unknown
to our metabolism.

566
00:34:22,564 --> 00:34:24,832
And these foods are submitted

567
00:34:24,866 --> 00:34:27,835
to intensive processing.

568
00:34:29,436 --> 00:34:32,807
So we decided
to call this food group

569
00:34:32,840 --> 00:34:35,275
"ultra-processed foods."

570
00:34:36,711 --> 00:34:39,847
We raised the hypothesis
that the consumption

571
00:34:39,881 --> 00:34:43,383
of ultra-processed food
could be the main driver

572
00:34:43,417 --> 00:34:46,788
of diabetes
and other chronic diseases.

573
00:34:50,592 --> 00:34:54,127
In 2019, one researcher,

574
00:34:54,161 --> 00:34:59,667
Kevin Hall,
decided to test our hypothesis.

575
00:35:00,467 --> 00:35:03,671
I was first
pretty skeptical of this idea.

576
00:35:03,705 --> 00:35:05,840
And I would ask, "What is it
about ultra-processed foods

577
00:35:05,873 --> 00:35:08,509
that causes people of overeat?"

578
00:35:08,543 --> 00:35:10,511
Is it the nutrients
that's driving this,

579
00:35:10,545 --> 00:35:14,281
or perhaps it's something about
the processing of these foods?

580
00:35:15,315 --> 00:35:17,719
So I decided
to design two diets.

581
00:35:17,752 --> 00:35:21,254
In the ultra-processed diet,
we had 80% of calories

582
00:35:21,288 --> 00:35:22,890
coming from
ultra-processed foods,

583
00:35:22,924 --> 00:35:25,359
whereas in the minimally
processed diet,

584
00:35:25,392 --> 00:35:28,730
we had zero percent of calories
from ultra-processed foods.

585
00:35:28,763 --> 00:35:31,733
But the meals were matched
for the calories,

586
00:35:31,766 --> 00:35:36,738
matched for salt, sugar,
fat, fiber and protein.

587
00:35:36,771 --> 00:35:40,374
We told people to eat as much
or as little as desired.

588
00:35:41,441 --> 00:35:44,912
When people were exposed
to this ultra-processed diet,

589
00:35:44,946 --> 00:35:48,616
they ended up eating about
500 calories per day more

590
00:35:48,650 --> 00:35:51,853
compared to the mostly
unprocessed diet.

591
00:35:51,886 --> 00:35:54,421
Usually,
in studies of this type,

592
00:35:54,454 --> 00:35:58,258
you find a difference
of 30 to 50 calories a day.

593
00:35:58,291 --> 00:35:59,927
But 500?

594
00:35:59,961 --> 00:36:02,597
I mean,
that's an unbelievable result.

595
00:36:02,630 --> 00:36:04,766
On the ultra-processed diet,

596
00:36:04,799 --> 00:36:06,934
people gained weight
and gained body fat.

597
00:36:06,968 --> 00:36:09,937
And when we switched them
to the unprocessed diet,

598
00:36:09,971 --> 00:36:13,340
those people spontaneously lost
weight and lost fat.

599
00:36:13,373 --> 00:36:16,978
And so, this study suggests
that there's something else

600
00:36:17,011 --> 00:36:19,681
about ultra-processed foods,
independent of the salt,

601
00:36:19,714 --> 00:36:22,215
the sugar and the fat
and the fiber,

602
00:36:22,249 --> 00:36:25,352
that's driving people
to overeat.

603
00:36:27,755 --> 00:36:29,991
The easiest way to explain

604
00:36:30,024 --> 00:36:33,761
the different categories
of processing is corn.

605
00:36:33,795 --> 00:36:38,766
Corn on the cob, unprocessed,
it's been peeled and washed.

606
00:36:38,800 --> 00:36:43,504
Canned corn, minimally
processed, salt has been added.

607
00:36:43,538 --> 00:36:47,508
But Dorito chips
have color, texture

608
00:36:47,542 --> 00:36:49,510
and flavoring additives.

609
00:36:49,544 --> 00:36:51,579
Ultra-processed.

610
00:36:52,980 --> 00:36:54,314
Processed food,

611
00:36:54,347 --> 00:36:56,316
you can make at home.

612
00:36:56,349 --> 00:36:59,821
Ultra-processed foods,
you don't have the ingredients,

613
00:36:59,854 --> 00:37:01,856
you don't have the additives,

614
00:37:01,889 --> 00:37:04,224
and you don't have
the machines.

615
00:37:06,493 --> 00:37:07,929
The reason you process food

616
00:37:07,962 --> 00:37:09,463
is not that there's
anything wrong with it

617
00:37:09,496 --> 00:37:10,698
in its natural state,

618
00:37:10,732 --> 00:37:12,734
it's that you make
a lot more money.

619
00:37:14,367 --> 00:37:17,672
You know, the money in the
system is not at the farm end.

620
00:37:17,705 --> 00:37:22,577
The farmer's getting less
than 15% of your food dollars.

621
00:37:22,610 --> 00:37:24,545
No, the money is going
to the processor

622
00:37:24,579 --> 00:37:27,414
who's benefiting from the fact
that we're overproducing

623
00:37:27,447 --> 00:37:30,918
and driving down
the cost of raw materials.

624
00:37:31,919 --> 00:37:33,453
The food processors

625
00:37:33,487 --> 00:37:36,591
buy those cheap
agricultural commodities

626
00:37:36,624 --> 00:37:39,927
and then turn it
into the panoply

627
00:37:39,961 --> 00:37:43,965
of ultra-processed food
products in your supermarket.

628
00:37:43,998 --> 00:37:46,466
If you complicate that food

629
00:37:46,500 --> 00:37:50,705
in the form of flavor
or novelty,

630
00:37:50,738 --> 00:37:53,040
that's where the money is.

631
00:37:53,841 --> 00:37:56,611
Ultra-processed food ensures

632
00:37:56,644 --> 00:37:59,847
that a consumer will buy
more and more and more,

633
00:37:59,881 --> 00:38:02,550
because these products

634
00:38:02,583 --> 00:38:06,053
are made
to be consumed in excess.

635
00:38:10,858 --> 00:38:12,693
Eating worked pretty well

636
00:38:12,727 --> 00:38:15,696
for humans for an awfully
long time.

637
00:38:15,730 --> 00:38:17,397
We ate what we needed,

638
00:38:17,430 --> 00:38:20,868
our needs were in balance
with our appetite.

639
00:38:20,902 --> 00:38:22,570
And it's really only recently

640
00:38:22,603 --> 00:38:24,572
that something about our
relationship with food

641
00:38:24,605 --> 00:38:27,008
got disturbed, distorted.

642
00:38:27,041 --> 00:38:30,812
Now we find ourselves literally
eating ourselves to death.

643
00:38:32,379 --> 00:38:34,682
Animals have similar
nutritional needs

644
00:38:34,715 --> 00:38:36,383
to ourselves,
so what do they do?

645
00:38:36,416 --> 00:38:39,554
They, on some intuitive level,
know what to eat.

646
00:38:39,587 --> 00:38:41,689
It's called nutritional wisdom.

647
00:38:41,722 --> 00:38:44,992
These mama cows are over
in this field eating alfalfa

648
00:38:45,026 --> 00:38:47,795
because that's rich in protein
and they're supporting a fetus,

649
00:38:47,829 --> 00:38:49,964
so they need the protein.

650
00:38:49,997 --> 00:38:51,666
But these steers,
they're over here in this field

651
00:38:51,699 --> 00:38:53,734
and they're eating rye grass
which has got sugar

652
00:38:53,768 --> 00:38:56,604
and carbohydrates in it
because they're laying on fat.

653
00:38:56,637 --> 00:38:58,039
And they do this on their own.

654
00:38:58,072 --> 00:39:00,942
They're somehow attracted
to the food they need.

655
00:39:00,975 --> 00:39:02,543
And humans are no different.

656
00:39:02,577 --> 00:39:04,879
Millions of years ago,

657
00:39:04,912 --> 00:39:09,116
our ancestors, walking around
the jungles of Africa,

658
00:39:09,150 --> 00:39:11,752
there was no label
on the fruit that they ate,

659
00:39:11,786 --> 00:39:14,055
they didn't know
about the calories.

660
00:39:14,088 --> 00:39:15,623
But this experience
of just looking

661
00:39:15,656 --> 00:39:18,159
for the food
that tasted the best

662
00:39:18,192 --> 00:39:19,594
is what nourished them.

663
00:39:19,627 --> 00:39:21,963
It's how they had
a nutritious diet.

664
00:39:22,763 --> 00:39:24,699
You think of something like
a delicious peach,

665
00:39:24,732 --> 00:39:28,970
that flavor that we experience
is the brain's system

666
00:39:29,003 --> 00:39:34,041
of analyzing the nutrition
that's within a food.

667
00:39:34,075 --> 00:39:37,712
Flavor is nature's language
of nutrition.

668
00:39:39,113 --> 00:39:42,482
For decades now,
we've been manipulating

669
00:39:42,516 --> 00:39:44,819
the sensory characteristics
of food.

670
00:39:44,852 --> 00:39:48,455
Thanks to flavor technology,
we can make anything we want

671
00:39:48,488 --> 00:39:50,892
taste like whatever we want it
to taste like.

672
00:39:50,925 --> 00:39:54,829
Fake flavors but, also,
artificial sweeteners.

673
00:39:54,862 --> 00:39:57,131
We haven't really questioned
what the consequences of this

674
00:39:57,164 --> 00:40:00,134
has been, we just assumed
it's a good idea.

675
00:40:00,167 --> 00:40:02,837
Well, now we have new research
that is showing

676
00:40:02,870 --> 00:40:04,739
that this is actually
a terrible idea.

677
00:40:04,772 --> 00:40:07,474
That we're actually interfering
with the brain's

678
00:40:07,508 --> 00:40:09,877
and the body's ability
to metabolize food.

679
00:40:14,181 --> 00:40:16,517
My interest is in how

680
00:40:16,550 --> 00:40:19,820
the brain processes
food reward.

681
00:40:19,854 --> 00:40:22,523
I did the first
neural imaging study,

682
00:40:22,556 --> 00:40:24,625
um, of feeding in humans.

683
00:40:25,660 --> 00:40:27,128
We were measuring
brain response

684
00:40:27,161 --> 00:40:30,064
as they were eating
little pieces of chocolate.

685
00:40:31,065 --> 00:40:32,733
I really wanted to understand

686
00:40:32,767 --> 00:40:34,936
areas of the brain
that represent

687
00:40:34,969 --> 00:40:37,672
the pleasure
of the, of the food.

688
00:40:37,705 --> 00:40:41,776
Pepsi was interested
in our research.

689
00:40:41,809 --> 00:40:44,045
I think they wanted
to try to understand

690
00:40:44,078 --> 00:40:45,880
how to make healthier foods.

691
00:40:45,913 --> 00:40:49,517
And so, they came to me
with a question,

692
00:40:49,550 --> 00:40:53,888
"Is it possible to decrease
the amount of calories

693
00:40:53,921 --> 00:40:56,090
"in a typical
sugar-sweetened beverage

694
00:40:56,123 --> 00:40:58,793
without compromising reward?"

695
00:40:59,593 --> 00:41:03,764
So, in the lab, we created
a series of beverages

696
00:41:03,798 --> 00:41:06,734
where we manipulated
the sweetness,

697
00:41:06,767 --> 00:41:09,503
independent of calories.

698
00:41:09,537 --> 00:41:12,540
So that way,
we have equally sweet drinks

699
00:41:12,573 --> 00:41:15,209
but drinks
of different calorie amounts.

700
00:41:16,644 --> 00:41:17,945
You're gonna be
receiving liquids

701
00:41:17,979 --> 00:41:20,047
through the mouthpiece, okay?

702
00:41:20,081 --> 00:41:21,916
We looked at the brain's areas

703
00:41:21,949 --> 00:41:24,585
that are responsible
for reward.

704
00:41:25,686 --> 00:41:29,957
What we thought was that
the highest-calorie beverage

705
00:41:29,991 --> 00:41:32,860
would become
the most-liked beverage,

706
00:41:32,893 --> 00:41:34,996
but that's not what we found.

707
00:41:35,029 --> 00:41:37,098
Instead, it was actually
the middle doses,

708
00:41:37,131 --> 00:41:39,967
where sweetness and calories
are matched,

709
00:41:40,001 --> 00:41:42,903
that was eliciting
the greatest brain response.

710
00:41:44,171 --> 00:41:46,574
In nature, the relationship
between sweetness

711
00:41:46,607 --> 00:41:48,809
and energy is-is pretty stable.

712
00:41:48,843 --> 00:41:52,079
So, when you manipulate
sensory information

713
00:41:52,113 --> 00:41:54,782
without regard
for the nutritional content,

714
00:41:54,815 --> 00:41:57,218
you're essentially
creating mismatches.

715
00:41:58,719 --> 00:42:01,622
And so, we conducted
follow-up studies

716
00:42:01,655 --> 00:42:03,724
to see what was going on.

717
00:42:03,758 --> 00:42:05,926
-Comfortable under there?
-Yep.

718
00:42:05,960 --> 00:42:07,661
And what we found

719
00:42:07,695 --> 00:42:12,700
was that when sweetness
matches the calories,

720
00:42:12,733 --> 00:42:16,937
then the body
metabolizes that energy.

721
00:42:16,971 --> 00:42:18,906
But when something
was too sweet for the amount

722
00:42:18,939 --> 00:42:22,276
of calories or not sweet enough
for the amount of calories,

723
00:42:22,309 --> 00:42:26,580
the body's ability
to metabolize those calories

724
00:42:26,614 --> 00:42:28,082
was-was blunted.

725
00:42:28,115 --> 00:42:32,253
Those calories are not
being used as a fuel.

726
00:42:32,286 --> 00:42:36,223
Instead, they might be
converted into fat.

727
00:42:36,257 --> 00:42:40,161
So, if you reduce calories
by adding artificial sweetener,

728
00:42:40,194 --> 00:42:43,864
you could actually be doing
more harm than good.

729
00:42:45,032 --> 00:42:46,667
When I saw the findings,
I shared it

730
00:42:46,700 --> 00:42:49,270
with our collaborators at Pepsi
right away.

731
00:42:49,303 --> 00:42:52,039
But this result, that I thought
was super exciting,

732
00:42:52,073 --> 00:42:53,874
because we're gonna
learn something new--

733
00:42:53,908 --> 00:42:56,343
"This is really cool"-- um,

734
00:42:56,377 --> 00:42:58,913
had the opposite effect that
I thought it was gonna have.

735
00:42:59,713 --> 00:43:02,616
I received a bunch of emails
from Pepsi

736
00:43:02,650 --> 00:43:04,852
saying that the data
made no sense,

737
00:43:04,885 --> 00:43:06,987
really saying
that they didn't believe

738
00:43:07,021 --> 00:43:08,322
what we were reporting.

739
00:43:08,355 --> 00:43:10,891
Uh, they-they pulled
our funding.

740
00:43:10,925 --> 00:43:14,762
And it wasn't until much later
that I realized the problem

741
00:43:14,795 --> 00:43:17,164
was not that they didn't
believe me,

742
00:43:17,198 --> 00:43:19,633
but in fact,
that they did believe me.

743
00:43:19,667 --> 00:43:21,235
And that's what
made them worried.

744
00:43:23,938 --> 00:43:26,140
The moment you know that
something is bad for health,

745
00:43:26,173 --> 00:43:28,342
ethically,
you have to correct it.

746
00:43:28,375 --> 00:43:30,411
I think they wanted
deniability,

747
00:43:30,444 --> 00:43:33,147
because what our research
suggested

748
00:43:33,180 --> 00:43:37,284
is that their products could
negatively impact health

749
00:43:37,318 --> 00:43:39,954
in unanticipated ways.

750
00:43:42,223 --> 00:43:43,958
When
you walk into a supermarket,

751
00:43:43,991 --> 00:43:46,660
it's not just
artificial sweeteners.

752
00:43:46,694 --> 00:43:49,029
There is a whole arsenal
of additives

753
00:43:49,063 --> 00:43:52,666
designed to mislead the brain.

754
00:43:52,700 --> 00:43:55,903
There's fat replacers,
artificial flavors,

755
00:43:55,936 --> 00:43:58,405
so-called natural flavors.

756
00:43:58,439 --> 00:44:01,242
So how does your brain react
when it keeps getting fooled

757
00:44:01,275 --> 00:44:02,776
by the food it eats?

758
00:44:04,278 --> 00:44:07,281
The best way to think about it
is the fuel gauge on your car.

759
00:44:07,314 --> 00:44:09,950
Imagine if you looked at it
and it said it was full,

760
00:44:09,984 --> 00:44:12,119
but it might be empty,
it might be half full.

761
00:44:12,153 --> 00:44:14,822
Imagine it was uncertain
in the way

762
00:44:14,855 --> 00:44:16,457
that modern food
has become uncertain.

763
00:44:16,490 --> 00:44:18,292
What would you do?

764
00:44:18,325 --> 00:44:20,995
Well, you-you'd fill your car
up a whole lot more often.

765
00:44:21,028 --> 00:44:22,329
Well, that's what
your brain does.

766
00:44:22,363 --> 00:44:23,931
When it keeps getting fooled,

767
00:44:23,964 --> 00:44:25,866
when one day
sweetness means calories

768
00:44:25,900 --> 00:44:27,768
and the next day
it means no calories

769
00:44:27,801 --> 00:44:31,739
or just some calories, it goes,
"I better eat more food

770
00:44:31,772 --> 00:44:34,341
to make sure
I don't get ripped off."

771
00:44:34,375 --> 00:44:37,811
We're short-circuiting
an evolutionary process

772
00:44:37,845 --> 00:44:40,347
that's hundreds of thousands
of years old.

773
00:44:40,381 --> 00:44:43,884
And we've learned through
the i-ingenuity of food science

774
00:44:43,918 --> 00:44:46,320
to fool the human body.

775
00:44:46,353 --> 00:44:49,023
Um, but you pay
a price for that,

776
00:44:49,056 --> 00:44:51,859
in losing your taste
for real food.

777
00:44:51,892 --> 00:44:54,828
And as we lose our taste
for eating plants,

778
00:44:54,862 --> 00:44:56,897
we lose all those antioxidants,

779
00:44:56,931 --> 00:44:59,967
we lose all
those protective factors.

780
00:45:00,000 --> 00:45:03,971
When you have
that premade meal,

781
00:45:04,004 --> 00:45:06,173
it's hard to know
that it's unhealthy,

782
00:45:06,207 --> 00:45:09,511
but it's all been designed
to manipulate you.

783
00:45:09,544 --> 00:45:11,478
The eye, the taste buds,

784
00:45:11,513 --> 00:45:13,948
and get you to eat
as much as possible,

785
00:45:13,981 --> 00:45:16,450
ideally, to addict you to it.

786
00:45:20,120 --> 00:45:22,122
In the United States,

787
00:45:22,156 --> 00:45:24,058
the average consumption
of ultra-processed foods

788
00:45:24,091 --> 00:45:28,530
is about 58%
of total energy intake.

789
00:45:28,563 --> 00:45:30,898
But in most of the world,

790
00:45:30,931 --> 00:45:33,968
consumption of ultra-processed
food is much lower.

791
00:45:34,001 --> 00:45:37,905
And most calories
still come from real foods.

792
00:45:40,174 --> 00:45:43,210
Today,
these big food companies,

793
00:45:43,244 --> 00:45:46,280
they are targeting markets
in many countries

794
00:45:46,313 --> 00:45:48,315
with aggressive campaigns.

795
00:45:53,153 --> 00:45:55,889
♪ That could be you
right now. ♪

796
00:45:58,125 --> 00:45:59,326
These countries

797
00:45:59,360 --> 00:46:02,429
are not prepared
to defend themselves

798
00:46:02,463 --> 00:46:04,932
from the health problems

799
00:46:04,965 --> 00:46:08,235
created by
ultra-processed foods.

800
00:46:08,269 --> 00:46:10,871
♪ Breakfast time
is Kellogg's time ♪

801
00:46:10,904 --> 00:46:13,173
♪ Breakfast is Kellogg's. ♪

802
00:46:33,961 --> 00:46:35,429
I have worked in fast food

803
00:46:35,462 --> 00:46:38,332
for over 20 years.

804
00:46:39,500 --> 00:46:41,468
I have worked at McDonald's,

805
00:46:41,502 --> 00:46:43,904
I have worked at Popeyes.

806
00:46:44,972 --> 00:46:47,575
I'm currently at Taco Bell.

807
00:46:49,009 --> 00:46:51,445
I have two children.

808
00:46:51,478 --> 00:46:53,314
My kids are my world.

809
00:46:53,347 --> 00:46:55,182
But it's been hard.

810
00:46:55,215 --> 00:46:57,051
There have been times I can't
afford the heating bill,

811
00:46:57,084 --> 00:47:00,454
there have been times where
I can't afford to pay my rent.

812
00:47:00,487 --> 00:47:01,989
There's been times
where I couldn't afford

813
00:47:02,022 --> 00:47:04,124
to put food on the table.

814
00:47:04,158 --> 00:47:06,927
I have a gas bill.

815
00:47:06,960 --> 00:47:09,531
A light bill. Internet bill.

816
00:47:09,564 --> 00:47:12,032
Rent, $715.

817
00:47:12,066 --> 00:47:13,867
If I miss a day,

818
00:47:13,901 --> 00:47:16,904
one of these becomes
a shutoff notice,

819
00:47:16,937 --> 00:47:19,006
a disconnect notice.

820
00:47:20,374 --> 00:47:23,043
My biggest fear is winding
back up in a position

821
00:47:23,077 --> 00:47:25,913
that I had to crawl out of,
and living out of my car

822
00:47:25,946 --> 00:47:28,315
and living away
from my children.

823
00:47:32,386 --> 00:47:34,888
This is everything we own.

824
00:47:34,922 --> 00:47:38,626
Our clothes, shoes.

825
00:47:38,660 --> 00:47:41,462
This is me and my family's
prized possessions.

826
00:47:41,495 --> 00:47:43,565
It's all we own.

827
00:47:43,598 --> 00:47:45,567
I don't ever want my family

828
00:47:45,600 --> 00:47:47,901
to have to experience that
again,

829
00:47:47,935 --> 00:47:52,005
but it-it's hard, on the wages
we make, and you almost...

830
00:47:52,039 --> 00:47:56,644
it's almost impossible for us
just to survive.

831
00:48:04,619 --> 00:48:06,588
Most people
will say that these jobs

832
00:48:06,621 --> 00:48:09,256
are for people that are
just starting out.

833
00:48:09,289 --> 00:48:14,495
But the average fast-food
worker's a 30-year-old woman.

834
00:48:14,529 --> 00:48:16,497
Not-not a kid.

835
00:48:16,531 --> 00:48:20,668
This-this is someone's mother,
someone's sister,

836
00:48:20,702 --> 00:48:23,937
trying to make it
to feed their family.

837
00:48:23,971 --> 00:48:25,406
I have a cheesy sausage
toasted burrito

838
00:48:25,439 --> 00:48:27,207
and a regular coffee,
$4.10 today.

839
00:48:27,241 --> 00:48:29,143
The cost
of living is steadily going up,

840
00:48:29,176 --> 00:48:31,311
but our wages aren't.

841
00:48:32,980 --> 00:48:35,449
How can I go to work for these
billion-dollar companies

842
00:48:35,482 --> 00:48:38,318
and feed all these people,

843
00:48:38,352 --> 00:48:41,922
all to come home to hear
my son's stomach growl?

844
00:48:44,358 --> 00:48:46,594
For-for the ones that have
all the sauce on it,

845
00:48:46,628 --> 00:48:48,028
they're cheaper.

846
00:48:49,096 --> 00:48:50,998
Four dollars.

847
00:48:51,031 --> 00:48:54,234
Right now we have
$13.97. All right.

848
00:48:54,268 --> 00:48:57,137
I do not get sick leave.

849
00:48:57,171 --> 00:48:58,640
I do not get health care.

850
00:49:01,208 --> 00:49:03,143
As an adult,
I've never been able

851
00:49:03,177 --> 00:49:04,679
to afford to see a doctor.

852
00:49:04,712 --> 00:49:07,749
I got it. 20, 40...

853
00:49:07,782 --> 00:49:10,083
I'm tired.

854
00:49:11,786 --> 00:49:14,455
And nobody knows how tired I am

855
00:49:14,488 --> 00:49:18,025
except for those people that
go through it just like me.

856
00:49:20,762 --> 00:49:22,730
Today, the federal minimum wage

857
00:49:22,764 --> 00:49:26,166
is seven dollars
and 25 cents an hour.

858
00:49:26,200 --> 00:49:30,505
It's been at that level
since 2009.

859
00:49:30,538 --> 00:49:32,372
Adjusted for inflation,

860
00:49:32,406 --> 00:49:38,378
it's almost 50% lower
than it was in the late 1960s.

861
00:49:38,412 --> 00:49:44,985
So the poorest workers have
seen their pay cut in half.

862
00:49:45,787 --> 00:49:49,189
The CEO of Yum! Brands,
which owns Taco Bell,

863
00:49:49,223 --> 00:49:53,360
earns more in an hour than
the typical Taco Bell worker

864
00:49:53,393 --> 00:49:55,730
earns in a year.

865
00:49:55,763 --> 00:50:00,602
And we're paying so that
they can have cheap labor.

866
00:50:00,635 --> 00:50:03,070
Walmart and McDonald's

867
00:50:03,103 --> 00:50:06,073
are two of the largest
employers of workers

868
00:50:06,106 --> 00:50:09,711
who are dependent
on food stamps and on Medicaid.

869
00:50:09,744 --> 00:50:13,748
So it's taxpayers who are
supporting these companies,

870
00:50:13,781 --> 00:50:18,085
as opposed to these companies
supporting their workers.

871
00:50:18,987 --> 00:50:22,055
It's not only fast-food
and supermarket workers,

872
00:50:22,089 --> 00:50:25,392
it's millions of other workers
in the food system

873
00:50:25,425 --> 00:50:30,163
who are being exploited in ways
that are hidden from view.

874
00:50:37,471 --> 00:50:39,541
The agricultural industry

875
00:50:39,574 --> 00:50:43,310
depends on more
than three million workers.

876
00:50:44,579 --> 00:50:46,380
Agriculture has always
been a place

877
00:50:46,413 --> 00:50:48,683
where exploitation
has happened.

878
00:50:50,652 --> 00:50:54,756
Because it emerged
out of slavery.

879
00:50:54,789 --> 00:50:58,492
70 cents a day.
70... 70 cents all day job.

880
00:51:00,227 --> 00:51:02,597
When slavery was abolished,

881
00:51:02,630 --> 00:51:07,401
it didn't disappear,
it just changed form.

882
00:51:08,335 --> 00:51:10,103
One farmer looked at this

883
00:51:10,137 --> 00:51:13,307
and said,
"We used to own our slaves.

884
00:51:13,340 --> 00:51:15,175
Now we just rent them."

885
00:51:18,345 --> 00:51:20,782
The whole industry was still

886
00:51:20,815 --> 00:51:26,153
just refusing to recognize
that the workers deserve

887
00:51:26,186 --> 00:51:29,657
to be treated
as-as human beings.

888
00:51:31,893 --> 00:51:35,897
Today, slavery
continues to happen,

889
00:51:35,930 --> 00:51:38,165
even though it's a crime.

890
00:51:39,834 --> 00:51:45,339
One case of modern-day slavery
happened in our community.

891
00:51:45,372 --> 00:51:49,176
Workers escaped
from a U-Haul truck

892
00:51:49,209 --> 00:51:52,747
where they were tied
with chains.

893
00:51:52,780 --> 00:51:54,849
The defendants
have been accused

894
00:51:54,882 --> 00:51:56,383
of threatening,

895
00:51:56,416 --> 00:51:59,152
slapping and kicking
farm workers.

896
00:51:59,186 --> 00:52:02,155
Chaining them to a pole,
beating them,

897
00:52:02,189 --> 00:52:04,859
locking them
inside U-Haul trailers,

898
00:52:04,892 --> 00:52:09,597
keeping them in debt and
forcing them to work for free.

899
00:52:10,397 --> 00:52:12,199
So, as workers,

900
00:52:12,232 --> 00:52:15,837
we organized to fight back.

901
00:52:15,870 --> 00:52:17,404
When I got involved

902
00:52:17,437 --> 00:52:18,906
with the Coalition
of Immokalee Workers,

903
00:52:18,940 --> 00:52:23,343
we were focusing
on the big tomato growers,

904
00:52:23,377 --> 00:52:26,848
thinking that they will have
to listen to us.

905
00:52:28,850 --> 00:52:30,818
There were articles

906
00:52:30,852 --> 00:52:33,755
about slavery.

907
00:52:33,788 --> 00:52:37,290
Our company's name was listed

908
00:52:37,324 --> 00:52:38,893
because we're one of
the largest growers

909
00:52:38,926 --> 00:52:40,327
here in Florida.

910
00:52:41,996 --> 00:52:44,599
We've always
heard about wage theft,

911
00:52:44,632 --> 00:52:50,237
of sexual harassment,
of bad operators.

912
00:52:50,270 --> 00:52:53,340
But you never think
it's going on in your house.

913
00:52:55,710 --> 00:52:58,780
When you've got
labor contractors

914
00:52:58,813 --> 00:53:02,950
providing workers to a farmer,

915
00:53:02,984 --> 00:53:04,786
it creates an environment
where there's a step back

916
00:53:04,819 --> 00:53:09,322
from any responsibility about
how they're being treated,

917
00:53:09,356 --> 00:53:10,958
how they're being paid.

918
00:53:13,661 --> 00:53:15,328
The growers

919
00:53:15,362 --> 00:53:18,398
just closed the door
on our nose.

920
00:53:18,432 --> 00:53:21,501
They didn't care
about our demands

921
00:53:21,536 --> 00:53:24,337
or about anything
that we had to say.

922
00:53:24,371 --> 00:53:28,341
So we need to widen
o-our understanding

923
00:53:28,375 --> 00:53:32,780
on what can influence
this industry.

924
00:53:32,814 --> 00:53:35,282
And then we realized
that the market power

925
00:53:35,315 --> 00:53:38,251
was with the corporations

926
00:53:38,285 --> 00:53:40,988
that buy millions of dollars
of tomatoes.

927
00:53:43,958 --> 00:53:47,695
These companies want
to create a friendly image

928
00:53:47,729 --> 00:53:51,498
towards the consumer
that buries behind

929
00:53:51,532 --> 00:53:54,702
all the abuses
that are part of our lives.

930
00:53:54,736 --> 00:53:59,306
And we knew that if we bring
this message that injustices

931
00:53:59,339 --> 00:54:02,810
are going on behind the food
that everybody's eating,

932
00:54:02,844 --> 00:54:05,713
companies would have
to respond.

933
00:54:08,448 --> 00:54:11,652
The Coalition
of Immokalee Workers started

934
00:54:11,686 --> 00:54:13,988
what we call the Campaign
for Fair Food.

935
00:54:14,021 --> 00:54:17,959
We created alliances
all over the country.

936
00:54:17,992 --> 00:54:22,630
Students were organizing
in support of the workers.

937
00:54:22,663 --> 00:54:28,035
So we were able to bring
the power of consumers

938
00:54:28,069 --> 00:54:32,272
to be part of this fight
for our rights.

939
00:54:37,344 --> 00:54:39,312
One of the
most encouraging developments

940
00:54:39,346 --> 00:54:41,414
has been the emergence
of consumers

941
00:54:41,448 --> 00:54:43,050
who want to reform the system,

942
00:54:43,084 --> 00:54:46,988
who want a more humane system,
a more sustainable system.

943
00:54:47,021 --> 00:54:48,756
But it doesn't always work.

944
00:54:48,790 --> 00:54:51,726
Because they're up against
such powerful corporations

945
00:54:51,759 --> 00:54:54,394
that they can be thwarted
at every turn.

946
00:54:55,196 --> 00:54:58,533
For example, one of the most
brutal conditions

947
00:54:58,566 --> 00:55:02,502
under which our food animals
live are female pigs,

948
00:55:02,537 --> 00:55:06,040
who spend their lives in a
"gestation crate," it's called,

949
00:55:06,073 --> 00:55:09,076
that is barely bigger
than they are.

950
00:55:09,110 --> 00:55:13,648
The voters of California
voted by a significant margin

951
00:55:13,681 --> 00:55:16,617
to outlaw the sale of pork

952
00:55:16,651 --> 00:55:20,087
from animals that were living
in gestation crates.

953
00:55:20,121 --> 00:55:22,957
And the industry would not
let that stand.

954
00:55:22,990 --> 00:55:24,859
So they took it
to the Supreme Court,

955
00:55:24,892 --> 00:55:29,564
where they nearly succeeded
in getting this law tossed out.

956
00:55:29,597 --> 00:55:33,734
So we have allowed these giant,
consolidated food companies

957
00:55:33,768 --> 00:55:38,105
to accumulate so much power
that they exercise a veto

958
00:55:38,139 --> 00:55:41,042
over the consumer
and over the voter.

959
00:55:42,844 --> 00:55:47,515
They have also perfected
the art of obfuscating

960
00:55:47,548 --> 00:55:51,919
the role of the meat industry
in climate change.

961
00:55:52,720 --> 00:55:54,755
No single food
contributes as much

962
00:55:54,789 --> 00:55:58,759
to global warming as cattle.

963
00:55:58,793 --> 00:56:02,597
And in fact, one third
of greenhouse gasses

964
00:56:02,630 --> 00:56:04,966
are produced by
the food system alone.

965
00:56:04,999 --> 00:56:07,635
That's second only
to transportation.

966
00:56:08,468 --> 00:56:13,574
But we're up against
a very powerful industry.

967
00:56:13,608 --> 00:56:15,543
The food industry
spends more on lobbying

968
00:56:15,576 --> 00:56:17,410
than the defense industry.

969
00:56:17,444 --> 00:56:19,446
That has bought them

970
00:56:19,479 --> 00:56:23,784
an incredible measure of power
in Congress.

971
00:56:23,818 --> 00:56:27,021
But there are corporations
out there that fully recognize

972
00:56:27,054 --> 00:56:28,689
that the consumer wants to see

973
00:56:28,723 --> 00:56:31,125
a different kind
of meat industry.

974
00:56:31,158 --> 00:56:32,827
The question is,
what are these corporations

975
00:56:32,860 --> 00:56:34,729
gonna do with this?

976
00:56:34,762 --> 00:56:39,533
Is this gonna drive real change
or the appearance of change?

977
00:56:50,244 --> 00:56:52,013
I was a professor at Stanford.

978
00:56:52,046 --> 00:56:54,081
My job was
basic biomedical research,

979
00:56:54,115 --> 00:56:57,551
just trying to understand
how cells work, how genes work.

980
00:56:57,585 --> 00:56:59,987
I had a sabbatical,
and I decided

981
00:57:00,021 --> 00:57:02,757
to use it to try
to figure out what would be

982
00:57:02,790 --> 00:57:06,794
the, uh, most impactful thing
I could do, uh, next.

983
00:57:06,827 --> 00:57:10,598
And, uh, very quickly,
I came to the conclusion

984
00:57:10,631 --> 00:57:13,567
that it's to completely replace
animals in the food system.

985
00:57:13,601 --> 00:57:16,637
Even if we just replaced cows,

986
00:57:16,671 --> 00:57:19,206
we could give ourselves
a 30-year pause

987
00:57:19,240 --> 00:57:21,242
in the rise
of greenhouse gasses.

988
00:57:21,275 --> 00:57:24,211
And possibly more important
is that

989
00:57:24,245 --> 00:57:26,180
the total number
of living mammals,

990
00:57:26,213 --> 00:57:27,882
birds, reptiles,

991
00:57:27,915 --> 00:57:29,951
amphibians and fish on Earth

992
00:57:29,984 --> 00:57:33,888
is less than a third
what it was 50 years ago.

993
00:57:33,921 --> 00:57:36,691
The collapse
in global biodiversity

994
00:57:36,724 --> 00:57:40,728
is overwhelmingly caused
by habitat destruction

995
00:57:40,761 --> 00:57:44,799
to graze livestock or raise
crops to feed them.

996
00:57:44,832 --> 00:57:46,968
And you see it
happening in real time,

997
00:57:47,001 --> 00:57:48,669
when you watch
the Amazon burning

998
00:57:48,703 --> 00:57:52,673
to expand animal agriculture.

999
00:57:52,707 --> 00:57:56,610
So, I quit my job at Stanford,
a job that I loved.

1000
00:57:56,644 --> 00:57:58,913
I felt like,
"Okay, well, I got to do this."

1001
00:58:02,249 --> 00:58:04,085
You're not gonna solve
the problem

1002
00:58:04,118 --> 00:58:07,788
by trying to persuade
people to change their diets.

1003
00:58:07,822 --> 00:58:09,724
That's never worked.

1004
00:58:09,757 --> 00:58:11,892
You just have to realize
that people aren't gonna stop

1005
00:58:11,926 --> 00:58:15,495
wanting meat, we're just
making it the wrong way.

1006
00:58:18,632 --> 00:58:20,167
My first challenge
was to understand

1007
00:58:20,201 --> 00:58:22,570
what makes meat
taste like meat.

1008
00:58:22,603 --> 00:58:25,272
The answer was that
animal tissues

1009
00:58:25,306 --> 00:58:30,778
contain very high levels
of a biomolecule called heme,

1010
00:58:30,811 --> 00:58:35,950
and it turns on the chemistry
of meat flavor and aroma.

1011
00:58:35,983 --> 00:58:38,319
We've genetically engineered
a yeast cell

1012
00:58:38,352 --> 00:58:40,888
to make the heme directly.

1013
00:58:43,124 --> 00:58:44,625
Pat Brown's not making

1014
00:58:44,658 --> 00:58:46,694
a big health claim
for his products.

1015
00:58:46,727 --> 00:58:49,196
It wasn't designed
to be a health food,

1016
00:58:49,230 --> 00:58:52,133
it was designed to fake
the meat experience.

1017
00:58:52,967 --> 00:58:55,803
So this is your
not-so-secret ingredient.

1018
00:58:55,836 --> 00:58:57,938
You can taste it if you like.

1019
00:58:59,607 --> 00:59:00,841
We've done a lot of work
thinking about

1020
00:59:00,875 --> 00:59:02,576
how to bind
the burger together,

1021
00:59:02,610 --> 00:59:04,211
and we needed to make it
something so robust

1022
00:59:04,245 --> 00:59:06,080
that you could stick it on
a grill and flip it without...

1023
00:59:06,113 --> 00:59:08,149
-And it wouldn't fall apart?
-Wouldn't fall apart,

1024
00:59:08,182 --> 00:59:09,683
and, you know, you can
make meatballs with it...

1025
00:59:09,717 --> 00:59:11,218
So, what was the breakthrough?

1026
00:59:11,252 --> 00:59:12,720
-Can you share that?
-Um, you know, methylcellulose

1027
00:59:12,753 --> 00:59:14,722
was a really big improvement
for us.

1028
00:59:14,755 --> 00:59:16,157
Sounds like
a tree product.
-It is a tree product.

1029
00:59:16,190 --> 00:59:17,858
Cellulose comes from trees.

1030
00:59:17,892 --> 00:59:20,795
Um, it's a really abundant
molecule in the world.

1031
00:59:20,828 --> 00:59:23,631
-POLLAN And where do you
get it?
-I think it's a byproduct

1032
00:59:23,664 --> 00:59:25,132
-from a lot
of the paper industry...
-Mm-hmm.

1033
00:59:25,166 --> 00:59:27,768
-Mm-hmm.
-And, uh...

1034
00:59:27,802 --> 00:59:29,170
wood pulp?

1035
00:59:31,105 --> 00:59:32,673
It's cleaned up enough that it
doesn't taste like w-wood pulp.

1036
00:59:32,706 --> 00:59:34,008
-I'm sure not.
-Yeah.

1037
00:59:42,016 --> 00:59:43,684
This is a facility

1038
00:59:43,717 --> 00:59:45,986
that has none of the horrors
of a slaughterhouse.

1039
00:59:47,655 --> 00:59:49,990
I think we have
a plant-based food,

1040
00:59:50,024 --> 00:59:51,992
with a fraction
of the environmental footprint

1041
00:59:52,026 --> 00:59:54,128
of covering
the planet with cows.

1042
00:59:56,664 --> 00:59:57,798
You can make a case

1043
00:59:57,832 --> 00:59:59,967
that the Impossible Burger

1044
01:00:00,000 --> 01:00:04,205
represents a good alternative
to meat as we now produce it.

1045
01:00:04,238 --> 01:00:08,642
It doesn't have hormones in it,
no antibiotics in it.

1046
01:00:08,676 --> 01:00:10,244
But make no mistake,

1047
01:00:10,277 --> 01:00:12,746
this is built
on commodity agriculture,

1048
01:00:12,780 --> 01:00:16,417
and it's
an ultra-processed food.

1049
01:00:16,450 --> 01:00:19,954
So there are trade-offs.

1050
01:00:19,987 --> 01:00:22,756
I like a burger experience
as much as the next guy,

1051
01:00:22,790 --> 01:00:26,794
and if I can have it
without implicating a cow

1052
01:00:26,827 --> 01:00:29,130
and all the problems
that come with cows,

1053
01:00:29,163 --> 01:00:31,165
maybe that's a good thing.

1054
01:00:33,334 --> 01:00:36,170
We are at
a very interesting moment.

1055
01:00:36,203 --> 01:00:39,106
Food science is being dedicated
to a nobler goal

1056
01:00:39,140 --> 01:00:41,275
than it has in the past:

1057
01:00:41,308 --> 01:00:44,678
to move us off
of a heavy meat diet,

1058
01:00:44,712 --> 01:00:47,781
onto a more plant-based diet.

1059
01:00:47,815 --> 01:00:49,683
The Impossible Burger is now

1060
01:00:49,717 --> 01:00:51,452
in every Burger King
in the country.

1061
01:00:51,485 --> 01:00:53,988
There's a willingness
on the part of the consumer

1062
01:00:54,021 --> 01:00:55,389
to experiment
with these products.

1063
01:00:55,422 --> 01:00:58,425
But they're... questionable.

1064
01:00:58,459 --> 01:01:02,763
Um, they may solve one problem
and create another.

1065
01:01:02,796 --> 01:01:04,465
I think the thing
that troubles me most

1066
01:01:04,498 --> 01:01:08,035
is the implication
that this is health food.

1067
01:01:08,068 --> 01:01:10,037
Because the phrase
"plant-based"

1068
01:01:10,070 --> 01:01:13,741
has a, has this aura
of greenness,

1069
01:01:13,774 --> 01:01:18,746
of health,
and that is deceptive.

1070
01:01:22,149 --> 01:01:24,118
My relationship with food

1071
01:01:24,151 --> 01:01:25,886
is complicated.

1072
01:01:25,920 --> 01:01:27,388
Very complicated.

1073
01:01:28,756 --> 01:01:30,991
Because I have type 1 diabetes.

1074
01:01:34,028 --> 01:01:35,863
You know, I think
most of us love food,

1075
01:01:35,896 --> 01:01:39,266
but we don't have to think
about it every day, every hour.

1076
01:01:41,168 --> 01:01:44,738
I measure my blood sugar
before and after every meal,

1077
01:01:44,772 --> 01:01:46,207
and the simpler I eat,

1078
01:01:46,240 --> 01:01:48,442
the more level
my blood sugar is.

1079
01:01:55,349 --> 01:01:56,817
As a journalist,

1080
01:01:56,850 --> 01:01:59,353
I am very much interested
in new foods.

1081
01:01:59,386 --> 01:02:02,389
...been able to extract
proteins from it.

1082
01:02:02,423 --> 01:02:04,825
I needed to find out
how they were made,

1083
01:02:04,858 --> 01:02:07,361
find out what it might mean
for my own body.

1084
01:02:07,394 --> 01:02:09,063
Is it clean label?
Like what does it...

1085
01:02:09,096 --> 01:02:10,297
-As clean as it gets.
-Yeah.

1086
01:02:10,331 --> 01:02:12,333
Our products are
95% mushroom roots,

1087
01:02:12,366 --> 01:02:13,968
with some flavoring.

1088
01:02:14,001 --> 01:02:15,836
We've got
this super salmon filet

1089
01:02:15,869 --> 01:02:20,941
made entirely out of plants,
without hurting a single fish.

1090
01:02:20,975 --> 01:02:22,910
I worry that

1091
01:02:22,943 --> 01:02:24,778
these new food companies,

1092
01:02:24,812 --> 01:02:27,448
um, are following
the footsteps of Big Food

1093
01:02:27,481 --> 01:02:29,917
with foods that
are empty calories,

1094
01:02:29,950 --> 01:02:32,052
high-impact on my blood sugar.

1095
01:02:32,086 --> 01:02:34,255
Now, what are the proteins
that you're producing?

1096
01:02:34,288 --> 01:02:36,490
That's something we can't talk
about it, kind of right now.

1097
01:02:36,524 --> 01:02:38,926
These founders of start-ups

1098
01:02:38,959 --> 01:02:43,197
have compelling ideas that
they're so passionate about.

1099
01:02:43,230 --> 01:02:44,932
So, at Sundial Foods,
we're making

1100
01:02:44,965 --> 01:02:46,800
plant-based chicken wings
with only eight ingredients.

1101
01:02:46,834 --> 01:02:48,435
And you are
the founders of the company?

1102
01:02:48,469 --> 01:02:50,037
We're both cofounders.

1103
01:02:50,070 --> 01:02:51,438
We actually met in a class
in UC Berkeley,

1104
01:02:51,472 --> 01:02:54,241
so all of this started
as a school project.

1105
01:02:55,610 --> 01:02:57,811
The new food has become

1106
01:02:57,845 --> 01:03:01,015
the cause
for every tech investor.

1107
01:03:01,048 --> 01:03:02,584
They want something
in their playbook

1108
01:03:02,617 --> 01:03:05,520
that speaks
to saving the world.

1109
01:03:05,553 --> 01:03:07,288
-We-we produce dairy
without a cow.
-Okay.

1110
01:03:07,321 --> 01:03:09,591
So, we've made
molecular coffee.

1111
01:03:09,624 --> 01:03:12,594
We're the first ones to make it
without coffee beans.

1112
01:03:12,627 --> 01:03:16,397
So, it's uh, world's first uh,
real honey made without bees.

1113
01:03:16,430 --> 01:03:18,232
Some
of these start-ups are raising

1114
01:03:18,265 --> 01:03:19,933
hundreds of millions
of dollars.

1115
01:03:21,135 --> 01:03:23,170
Tyson, JBS,

1116
01:03:23,203 --> 01:03:24,438
Hormel, they've all invested

1117
01:03:24,471 --> 01:03:27,609
in alternative meat companies.

1118
01:03:27,642 --> 01:03:29,977
But what happens down the road?

1119
01:03:30,010 --> 01:03:34,481
These big companies are only
thinking about their profit.

1120
01:03:34,516 --> 01:03:37,251
What's it going to be like
for the everyday consumer

1121
01:03:37,284 --> 01:03:38,886
walking through
the supermarket?

1122
01:03:38,919 --> 01:03:42,222
How will they navigate
the new landscape?

1123
01:03:44,992 --> 01:03:48,062
So now, food made by scientists

1124
01:03:48,095 --> 01:03:50,197
has led to cultured meat.

1125
01:03:50,230 --> 01:03:53,434
Meat that is the multiplication
of actual meat cells.

1126
01:03:53,467 --> 01:03:54,968
This really is meat.

1127
01:03:55,002 --> 01:03:56,638
So this is called EPIC.

1128
01:03:56,671 --> 01:03:58,172
When I was practicing

1129
01:03:58,205 --> 01:04:00,341
as a cardiologist,
the question was,

1130
01:04:00,374 --> 01:04:03,977
what if I practiced
for the next 35 years?

1131
01:04:04,011 --> 01:04:05,479
I would likely be,
you know, involved

1132
01:04:05,513 --> 01:04:08,550
in saving 3,000, 4,000 lives.

1133
01:04:08,583 --> 01:04:12,219
But what if we could start

1134
01:04:12,252 --> 01:04:15,089
saving trillions
of animal lives

1135
01:04:15,122 --> 01:04:19,093
and also, positively affecting
billions of human lives?

1136
01:04:19,893 --> 01:04:21,962
When I was working
at the Mayo Clinic,

1137
01:04:21,995 --> 01:04:23,364
we would have patients
that would come

1138
01:04:23,397 --> 01:04:25,966
with a very large heart attack.

1139
01:04:25,999 --> 01:04:28,570
So we would take stem cells
from that patient

1140
01:04:28,603 --> 01:04:30,505
and we would reinject them
into the heart,

1141
01:04:30,538 --> 01:04:32,005
to regrow the heart muscle.

1142
01:04:32,039 --> 01:04:34,441
That's where my idea came from,

1143
01:04:34,475 --> 01:04:37,444
of growing meat
directly from animal cells.

1144
01:04:39,113 --> 01:04:40,981
I always want to know,

1145
01:04:41,014 --> 01:04:44,451
"How does this product
connect to the farmland,

1146
01:04:44,485 --> 01:04:45,553
"to the earth?

1147
01:04:45,587 --> 01:04:47,321
What's its relation to nature?"

1148
01:04:48,122 --> 01:04:51,258
Here,
you're not on any kind of farm.

1149
01:04:51,291 --> 01:04:52,993
You're back in a lab

1150
01:04:53,026 --> 01:04:57,599
manufacturing a broth
out of amino acids.

1151
01:04:57,632 --> 01:05:00,367
So, any of these
cultivators here

1152
01:05:00,401 --> 01:05:02,369
-can grow chicken or beef...
-Yeah.

1153
01:05:02,403 --> 01:05:04,539
-...or pork or...
-The same cultivators...

1154
01:05:04,572 --> 01:05:06,106
-Essentially.
-...depending, and you can put

1155
01:05:06,140 --> 01:05:07,975
-different things in them.
-Any species.

1156
01:05:09,343 --> 01:05:11,579
Essentially, we've got
a couple of tanks here

1157
01:05:11,613 --> 01:05:14,114
that are holding
the-the feed for the cells.

1158
01:05:14,148 --> 01:05:16,350
And, uh, we have recipes
of nutrients

1159
01:05:16,383 --> 01:05:20,020
for each type of animal
that we're making.

1160
01:05:20,053 --> 01:05:22,256
-There's actually chicken
in there.
-Yeah, there's chicken.

1161
01:05:22,289 --> 01:05:23,424
Imagine that this is outside
of the--

1162
01:05:23,457 --> 01:05:25,359
this is the body of an animal.

1163
01:05:25,392 --> 01:05:27,995
-Right.
-Inside of it,
there's cells that are growing.

1164
01:05:28,028 --> 01:05:29,997
Those cells are doubling
every 24 hours,

1165
01:05:30,030 --> 01:05:31,465
and after a certain number
of doublings,

1166
01:05:31,498 --> 01:05:33,267
you have a lot
of cells in there.

1167
01:05:33,300 --> 01:05:35,537
In a, in-- for instance,
a cultivator like this,

1168
01:05:35,570 --> 01:05:38,238
every five days
you can have a batch of meat.

1169
01:05:39,306 --> 01:05:41,275
Meat of the future
could be local,

1170
01:05:41,308 --> 01:05:43,343
it could be regional.

1171
01:05:43,377 --> 01:05:46,113
Just like you go out
and see beer being made,

1172
01:05:46,146 --> 01:05:47,649
you can also go and see how
your meat's being made.

1173
01:05:47,682 --> 01:05:49,016
Mm-hmm.

1174
01:05:50,284 --> 01:05:51,686
This is all chicken.

1175
01:05:51,719 --> 01:05:53,721
I was gonna ask you about
the ingredient label.

1176
01:05:53,755 --> 01:05:55,657
It'll be "chicken cells."

1177
01:05:56,423 --> 01:05:58,358
So, when we started off,

1178
01:05:58,392 --> 01:06:01,563
that small piece would be
a couple of thousand dollars.

1179
01:06:01,596 --> 01:06:04,164
And the challenge is to make it
at a cost that is affordable.

1180
01:06:04,198 --> 01:06:06,433
Ultimately,
in five to ten years,

1181
01:06:06,467 --> 01:06:08,435
we'll be able to get the prices
that are very similar

1182
01:06:08,469 --> 01:06:11,138
to what people will be used
to paying for, let's say,

1183
01:06:11,171 --> 01:06:12,607
-an animal that is butchered.
-Right.

1184
01:06:20,515 --> 01:06:22,082
Could've fooled me.

1185
01:06:23,585 --> 01:06:26,386
In fact, we were fooled.

1186
01:06:26,420 --> 01:06:29,591
We subsequently learned that
the chicken breast I sampled

1187
01:06:29,624 --> 01:06:32,794
did not come from the tanks
we were shown

1188
01:06:32,827 --> 01:06:36,129
but from a more costly
and labor-intensive process.

1189
01:06:36,163 --> 01:06:39,266
The technology to produce
whole-cut chicken at scale

1190
01:06:39,299 --> 01:06:42,537
is not as close as the industry
would have us believe.

1191
01:06:44,839 --> 01:06:48,543
If alternative meat products
can help shrink

1192
01:06:48,576 --> 01:06:52,145
the industrial meat system,
that'd be great.

1193
01:06:52,179 --> 01:06:54,348
But I think there is
a place for animals

1194
01:06:54,381 --> 01:06:57,451
in American agriculture,
in any agriculture.

1195
01:06:57,484 --> 01:07:00,387
When it's done sustainably
and animals are used

1196
01:07:00,420 --> 01:07:03,323
in such a way
that they're feeding the soil,

1197
01:07:03,357 --> 01:07:05,092
feeding the plants.

1198
01:07:05,125 --> 01:07:07,060
Uh, that you have
this closed loop

1199
01:07:07,094 --> 01:07:10,330
of animals and plants,
recycling nutrients.

1200
01:07:10,364 --> 01:07:12,600
That's a sustainable farm
to me.

1201
01:07:12,634 --> 01:07:15,637
So I don't think the goal
needs to be eliminating meat,

1202
01:07:15,670 --> 01:07:17,672
but we sure need to shrink
the meat system.

1203
01:07:17,705 --> 01:07:20,240
There's no question about that.

1204
01:07:32,352 --> 01:07:33,688
Last Friday,

1205
01:07:33,721 --> 01:07:36,390
I resigned, uh,
from my position

1206
01:07:36,423 --> 01:07:39,861
as a, uh, Pioneer seed rep

1207
01:07:39,894 --> 01:07:43,196
so that I can put
a lot more focus

1208
01:07:43,230 --> 01:07:47,434
into, uh, this project that's
called The Stock Cropper.

1209
01:07:49,236 --> 01:07:51,573
I think a lot of people
will look at it and think,

1210
01:07:51,606 --> 01:07:54,509
"Zack,
you're completely insane."

1211
01:07:54,542 --> 01:07:56,844
It's probably a...

1212
01:07:56,878 --> 01:07:59,581
probably a well-placed,
uh, criticism.

1213
01:08:02,416 --> 01:08:04,652
With The Stock
Cropper, we've devised

1214
01:08:04,686 --> 01:08:07,421
a farming system
that is truly regenerative,

1215
01:08:07,454 --> 01:08:09,691
good for the soil,
good for the environment...

1216
01:08:11,759 --> 01:08:15,597
...in a more positive direction
for the future of agriculture

1217
01:08:15,630 --> 01:08:18,231
than the one
we're currently on.

1218
01:08:21,401 --> 01:08:23,638
This barn is mobile,
so that our animals

1219
01:08:23,671 --> 01:08:27,642
are always passing into
fresh ground, fresh pasture.

1220
01:08:30,210 --> 01:08:32,847
So we have our ruminant animals
out front,

1221
01:08:32,880 --> 01:08:35,883
-uh, like my friend
the sheep here,

1222
01:08:35,917 --> 01:08:38,185
and what their job is to do
is to be the lawn mowers

1223
01:08:38,218 --> 01:08:42,356
and mow down the pasture
and process that vegetation.

1224
01:08:42,389 --> 01:08:45,560
And then, following behind
the sheep and goats,

1225
01:08:45,593 --> 01:08:48,228
we have the pigs.

1226
01:08:48,261 --> 01:08:50,464
The pigs graze on what's left,
and their snouts

1227
01:08:50,497 --> 01:08:53,433
are essentially our tillers
to kind of move the soil around

1228
01:08:53,467 --> 01:08:55,837
and incorporate
some of the manures.

1229
01:08:56,938 --> 01:08:59,439
Our animals are our
manure spreaders

1230
01:08:59,473 --> 01:09:01,876
as we move through the field.

1231
01:09:01,909 --> 01:09:06,213
And then, the annual pasture
is allowed to regenerate.

1232
01:09:07,715 --> 01:09:10,217
What we're in right now
is only about

1233
01:09:10,250 --> 01:09:13,855
three weeks since it was grazed
and we already got regrowth.

1234
01:09:13,888 --> 01:09:15,723
So, the beauty of this system
is we're putting livestock

1235
01:09:15,757 --> 01:09:18,458
back on the land,
but we're doing it in a fashion

1236
01:09:18,492 --> 01:09:20,227
that holds nutrients in place

1237
01:09:20,260 --> 01:09:23,463
so they'll be available
to next year's crop.

1238
01:09:25,733 --> 01:09:27,869
You know, this system
is completely different

1239
01:09:27,902 --> 01:09:31,673
than the conventional system
I use on the rest of my farm,

1240
01:09:31,706 --> 01:09:34,609
where we have to replace
a lot of the things

1241
01:09:34,642 --> 01:09:36,678
that these animals
are doing naturally,

1242
01:09:36,711 --> 01:09:40,748
uh, with synthetic fertilizers
and pesticides.

1243
01:09:44,585 --> 01:09:46,621
And the end product
is a higher quality,

1244
01:09:46,654 --> 01:09:49,356
tastier meat animal.

1245
01:09:49,389 --> 01:09:51,425
Something that's
a premium product

1246
01:09:51,458 --> 01:09:54,829
to add value
to my farming operation.

1247
01:09:57,598 --> 01:09:58,966
Well, Zack,

1248
01:09:59,000 --> 01:10:01,334
until recently,
you were a Pioneer dealer.

1249
01:10:01,368 --> 01:10:03,336
That's correct, I was.

1250
01:10:03,370 --> 01:10:06,874
-But you gave it up?
-I did. I gave it up.

1251
01:10:06,908 --> 01:10:09,476
You gonna take a hit
on your income, then?

1252
01:10:09,510 --> 01:10:11,846
-Yeah, for sure.
-Yeah.

1253
01:10:11,879 --> 01:10:14,347
-Yeah.
-Why would you do that?

1254
01:10:14,381 --> 01:10:16,718
'Cause I wanted
to wake up in the morning

1255
01:10:16,751 --> 01:10:18,586
and believe in
what I was doing.

1256
01:10:18,619 --> 01:10:21,455
I see the path that...

1257
01:10:21,488 --> 01:10:23,390
what the current
commodity game is on,

1258
01:10:23,423 --> 01:10:26,694
and it's a path that, uh,
it doesn't do a lot of good

1259
01:10:26,728 --> 01:10:29,030
for the things I'm passionate
about, which is the land

1260
01:10:29,063 --> 01:10:31,899
and water quality
and c-communities and...

1261
01:10:31,933 --> 01:10:34,769
Um, I could've kept on doing
that same stuff,

1262
01:10:34,802 --> 01:10:37,739
uh, or I could've said,

1263
01:10:37,772 --> 01:10:39,439
"I've got this alternative
system and maybe

1264
01:10:39,473 --> 01:10:41,308
this will provide
some opportunity,"

1265
01:10:41,341 --> 01:10:43,376
and I s-- you know, you only
live once, take a chance.

1266
01:10:43,410 --> 01:10:48,448
And so, what will the old boys
think when you, when you say,

1267
01:10:48,482 --> 01:10:50,350
"I'm gonna have goats
in a cage...

1268
01:10:50,383 --> 01:10:51,986
-"...and give up
my Pioneer dealership?"

1269
01:10:52,019 --> 01:10:54,488
I-I'm just happy that I can
provide entertainment

1270
01:10:54,522 --> 01:10:56,591
and something for them to talk
about in the coffee shop.

1271
01:10:56,624 --> 01:10:58,059
That's my contribution
to the community.

1272
01:10:58,092 --> 01:10:59,794
-Oh,
that's good. Yeah.
-Yeah.

1273
01:10:59,827 --> 01:11:01,696
It's my way to give back.

1274
01:11:04,331 --> 01:11:07,769
So this is what I mean
by "Iowa bullion."

1275
01:11:07,802 --> 01:11:09,771
You know, there's a lot of
places in the world

1276
01:11:09,804 --> 01:11:11,539
that would kill
to have dirt like this,

1277
01:11:11,572 --> 01:11:14,709
and that's why I want to keep
every inch of it here,

1278
01:11:14,742 --> 01:11:16,844
uh, on my family's land
where it belongs.

1279
01:11:16,878 --> 01:11:19,781
Not blowing in the wintertime,
into the ditch.

1280
01:11:19,814 --> 01:11:21,582
Or not, you know, washing off,

1281
01:11:21,616 --> 01:11:23,818
you know, through the low spot
into the crick.

1282
01:11:23,851 --> 01:11:25,418
This is, this is what,
this is--

1283
01:11:25,452 --> 01:11:28,055
-this is wealth right here.
-Right. Right.

1284
01:11:28,089 --> 01:11:30,591
Well, I mean, the corn
looks beautiful, really.

1285
01:11:30,625 --> 01:11:32,492
Yeah.

1286
01:11:34,896 --> 01:11:36,831
There's
definitely an excitement

1287
01:11:36,864 --> 01:11:38,331
about The Stock Cropper.

1288
01:11:38,365 --> 01:11:40,101
I've attracted
a lot of other people

1289
01:11:40,134 --> 01:11:42,737
that farm weird,
uh, like myself.

1290
01:11:43,738 --> 01:11:45,506
We're gonna walk down
through this path here,

1291
01:11:45,540 --> 01:11:46,741
if you follow me.

1292
01:11:49,610 --> 01:11:51,746
Okay, so this is
the-the original system.

1293
01:11:51,779 --> 01:11:55,883
We basically did sheep and
goats out front, pigs behind.

1294
01:11:55,917 --> 01:11:58,351
You can barely smell
these hogs.

1295
01:11:58,385 --> 01:12:01,556
Outside a typical hog
confinement building,

1296
01:12:01,589 --> 01:12:03,558
you'd be retching right now.

1297
01:12:03,591 --> 01:12:05,425
When you
explain that the animals

1298
01:12:05,458 --> 01:12:06,994
are feeding the plants

1299
01:12:07,028 --> 01:12:08,563
and the plants are feeding
the animals,

1300
01:12:08,596 --> 01:12:11,065
and it's all happening
in this one space,

1301
01:12:11,098 --> 01:12:13,134
you can see the looks
in their eyes.

1302
01:12:13,167 --> 01:12:14,869
They got what we were doing.

1303
01:12:14,902 --> 01:12:16,871
So now the moment, uh,

1304
01:12:16,904 --> 01:12:18,673
that we've all been
waiting for.

1305
01:12:18,706 --> 01:12:21,142
The new Clustercluck Nano here.

1306
01:12:21,175 --> 01:12:23,878
In order to really,
truly be scalable,

1307
01:12:23,911 --> 01:12:27,447
you have to have the ability
to have autonomous movement

1308
01:12:27,480 --> 01:12:29,449
without being here.

1309
01:12:29,482 --> 01:12:31,786
This is solar-powered,
electrically driven,

1310
01:12:31,819 --> 01:12:33,087
on a programmable basis.

1311
01:12:33,120 --> 01:12:34,956
This is a big deal.

1312
01:12:34,989 --> 01:12:37,024
And I've got folks
that are really interested,

1313
01:12:37,058 --> 01:12:39,093
but they're also skeptical

1314
01:12:39,126 --> 01:12:42,129
because they see the challenges
to scale this up.

1315
01:12:43,097 --> 01:12:44,966
1898, we had a tractor.

1316
01:12:44,999 --> 01:12:46,934
-Yeah.
-We could use it.

1317
01:12:46,968 --> 01:12:50,004
Took clear till
the '50s, 1950s,

1318
01:12:50,037 --> 01:12:51,572
-to get rid of the horses.
-Right.

1319
01:12:51,606 --> 01:12:53,040
So, I mean,

1320
01:12:53,074 --> 01:12:54,508
you're dealing with a crowd

1321
01:12:54,542 --> 01:12:56,177
-that does not like change.
-Yeah.

1322
01:12:56,210 --> 01:12:58,112
And that's okay,
but change comes eventually,

1323
01:12:58,145 --> 01:13:00,081
and we're hoping that we're...

1324
01:13:00,114 --> 01:13:04,417
betting on the right,
the right horse, so to speak.

1325
01:13:04,451 --> 01:13:06,453
The biggest issue right now

1326
01:13:06,486 --> 01:13:08,623
is that the big four
meat companies

1327
01:13:08,656 --> 01:13:10,725
have essentially
blocked the path

1328
01:13:10,758 --> 01:13:14,061
for independent producers
to process livestock.

1329
01:13:15,730 --> 01:13:18,633
And what we need is a shift
in policy that makes possible

1330
01:13:18,666 --> 01:13:21,836
smaller and regional
packing facilities.

1331
01:13:21,869 --> 01:13:23,604
That will open up
the floodgates

1332
01:13:23,638 --> 01:13:26,974
for farmers to get
their products to consumers.

1333
01:13:34,081 --> 01:13:36,584
My passion in this
is to create a system

1334
01:13:36,617 --> 01:13:39,186
where there's more farmers
out here like myself

1335
01:13:39,220 --> 01:13:40,955
being able to feed
their family with--

1336
01:13:40,988 --> 01:13:43,958
instead of thousands of acres,
maybe several hundred?

1337
01:13:45,526 --> 01:13:50,531
And produce
high-quality food products.

1338
01:13:50,564 --> 01:13:52,099
That's my dream.

1339
01:14:01,575 --> 01:14:02,710
All right.

1340
01:14:02,743 --> 01:14:04,712
Here we go.

1341
01:14:08,950 --> 01:14:10,918
I used to be a fisherman

1342
01:14:10,952 --> 01:14:13,888
chasing fish around the globe.

1343
01:14:13,921 --> 01:14:16,791
You name it I fished it:
tuna, herring,

1344
01:14:16,824 --> 01:14:18,159
lobster, cod.

1345
01:14:19,193 --> 01:14:20,728
It was great,

1346
01:14:20,761 --> 01:14:22,830
you know,
fishing day and night,

1347
01:14:22,863 --> 01:14:25,132
being in the belly of a boat
months at a time.

1348
01:14:27,001 --> 01:14:29,937
The problem was, I was fishing

1349
01:14:29,971 --> 01:14:32,673
at the height
of industrial, extractive

1350
01:14:32,707 --> 01:14:34,208
food production.

1351
01:14:35,276 --> 01:14:38,245
Huge trawlers
with half-mile nets

1352
01:14:38,279 --> 01:14:40,014
ripping up ecosystems.

1353
01:14:42,583 --> 01:14:44,618
And so, we got too good
at what we did.

1354
01:14:46,120 --> 01:14:49,156
The answer everybody told us
was fish farming.

1355
01:14:49,190 --> 01:14:51,559
I was gonna help
feed the planet

1356
01:14:51,592 --> 01:14:54,261
and I was still gonna be
able to work on the water.

1357
01:14:54,295 --> 01:14:57,898
The smell of fish was still
gonna come home with me.

1358
01:14:57,932 --> 01:15:01,268
So I went out to these pens,
and I'm pulling them out.

1359
01:15:01,302 --> 01:15:03,971
And it's neither fish nor food,
they got a grey color,

1360
01:15:04,005 --> 01:15:05,740
there's sea lice on them.

1361
01:15:05,773 --> 01:15:09,877
I swear to God, they're
stupider than regular fish.

1362
01:15:09,910 --> 01:15:12,613
And so, it's borrowing
all the bad practices

1363
01:15:12,646 --> 01:15:14,615
that are happening on land.

1364
01:15:14,648 --> 01:15:17,551
Heavy use of pesticides,
antibiotics.

1365
01:15:17,585 --> 01:15:20,287
This was industrial pig farming
out in the ocean.

1366
01:15:24,158 --> 01:15:26,660
So I ended up just really
trying to figure out

1367
01:15:26,694 --> 01:15:29,263
how do I be
a steward of the sea

1368
01:15:29,296 --> 01:15:32,900
and switch from pillaging
to regeneration?

1369
01:15:33,901 --> 01:15:35,569
I asked the ocean,

1370
01:15:35,603 --> 01:15:37,738
"What does it make sense
to grow?"

1371
01:15:37,772 --> 01:15:40,074
And it says,
"Why don't you grow things

1372
01:15:40,107 --> 01:15:42,109
"that don't swim away,

1373
01:15:42,143 --> 01:15:44,245
"that you don't have to feed

1374
01:15:44,278 --> 01:15:47,715
and that breathe life
back into the ocean?"

1375
01:15:48,716 --> 01:15:51,619
So I decided to grow kelp.

1376
01:15:53,654 --> 01:15:55,656
I mean this
is an embarrassing thing

1377
01:15:55,689 --> 01:15:57,992
for a fisherman to do, right,
growing plants underwater?

1378
01:15:58,025 --> 01:15:59,593
When I first came down,

1379
01:15:59,627 --> 01:16:01,796
I was getting l-laughed
off the docks.

1380
01:16:01,829 --> 01:16:04,331
I lied to people, told them
I was growing hemp underwater,

1381
01:16:04,365 --> 01:16:06,267
which seemed like
it was a little better.

1382
01:16:08,402 --> 01:16:12,373
You can see the white buoys
out there in the distance.

1383
01:16:12,406 --> 01:16:14,575
That's our ten-acre farm.

1384
01:16:16,343 --> 01:16:18,312
Below the surface,
we're able to pack

1385
01:16:18,345 --> 01:16:22,249
so many crops along
that vertical water column.

1386
01:16:22,283 --> 01:16:26,220
We have our kelp at one level,
then we've got our mussels

1387
01:16:26,253 --> 01:16:29,924
and our scallops
and our oysters and clams.

1388
01:16:31,859 --> 01:16:34,995
The power of the ocean is that
I don't need to fertilize

1389
01:16:35,029 --> 01:16:37,031
like a corn farmer.

1390
01:16:37,064 --> 01:16:38,766
You don't need tractors,

1391
01:16:38,799 --> 01:16:40,901
you don't need buildings,
you don't need to buy land.

1392
01:16:43,370 --> 01:16:45,639
Every one of our oysters,
all our kelp,

1393
01:16:45,673 --> 01:16:48,342
also is restoring
our ecosystem.

1394
01:16:48,375 --> 01:16:51,812
An oyster filters
50 gallons of water a day.

1395
01:16:51,846 --> 01:16:54,748
And our kelp soaks up
five times more carbon

1396
01:16:54,782 --> 01:16:56,984
than land-based plants.

1397
01:16:59,386 --> 01:17:02,056
I really believe that kelp

1398
01:17:02,089 --> 01:17:04,792
is gonna be the most
sustainable food on the planet.

1399
01:17:09,430 --> 01:17:11,966
As a chef, I'm always looking
for new ingredients,

1400
01:17:11,999 --> 01:17:13,300
new flavors.

1401
01:17:13,334 --> 01:17:15,269
Kelp is amazing

1402
01:17:15,302 --> 01:17:18,372
because not only can I use it
like an herb,

1403
01:17:18,405 --> 01:17:22,943
but also, I can sauté it really
simply the way I would spinach.

1404
01:17:25,346 --> 01:17:27,114
Kelp dolmades.

1405
01:17:27,148 --> 01:17:28,415
Trying new things just needs

1406
01:17:28,449 --> 01:17:30,317
to become the normal

1407
01:17:30,351 --> 01:17:32,853
instead of something
that's outlandish or weird.

1408
01:17:32,887 --> 01:17:35,856
You know, sushi wasn't even
widely accepted

1409
01:17:35,890 --> 01:17:38,025
until relatively recently.

1410
01:17:39,059 --> 01:17:41,162
Kelp is affordable,
it's nutritious,

1411
01:17:41,195 --> 01:17:44,732
and it will absolutely be
a part of the future of food.

1412
01:17:50,004 --> 01:17:51,906
The question is what kind

1413
01:17:51,939 --> 01:17:54,041
of industry will we have
going forward?

1414
01:17:55,442 --> 01:17:57,444
Is this gonna be
about thousand-acre farms

1415
01:17:57,478 --> 01:17:59,813
owned by a couple
global companies?

1416
01:17:59,847 --> 01:18:02,983
Or is it gonna be about
thousands of ten-acre farms

1417
01:18:03,017 --> 01:18:04,151
dotting our coastline?

1418
01:18:05,252 --> 01:18:08,322
Replication,
that's what's powerful,

1419
01:18:08,355 --> 01:18:10,457
not consolidation.

1420
01:18:12,459 --> 01:18:17,431
There is another way here
that we can be proud of.

1421
01:18:18,098 --> 01:18:20,868
We got really good
at fishing, right?

1422
01:18:20,901 --> 01:18:23,037
Too good.
Maybe we'll really get good

1423
01:18:23,070 --> 01:18:24,872
at solutions this time around.

1424
01:18:35,049 --> 01:18:36,518
Here in Florida,

1425
01:18:36,551 --> 01:18:40,187
the Fair Food Program
has implemented agreements

1426
01:18:40,221 --> 01:18:42,890
with growers from
the agricultural industry.

1427
01:18:45,192 --> 01:18:47,529
Now, there is a code of conduct

1428
01:18:47,562 --> 01:18:51,165
that guarantees
that the abuses that happen

1429
01:18:51,198 --> 01:18:54,768
will not be tolerated.

1430
01:18:54,802 --> 01:18:59,273
Workers are protected
to speak free of retaliation,

1431
01:18:59,306 --> 01:19:03,344
and they receive a bonus
at the end of the week.

1432
01:19:03,377 --> 01:19:06,247
So it's an increase in wages.

1433
01:19:08,816 --> 01:19:10,484
When we
signed the Fair Food agreement,

1434
01:19:10,518 --> 01:19:14,488
I got some pretty nasty
phone calls

1435
01:19:14,522 --> 01:19:17,992
from our competitors/friends
in the industry.

1436
01:19:18,025 --> 01:19:21,529
"Does it impact
my bottom line?" Sure.

1437
01:19:21,563 --> 01:19:24,298
But doing the right thing,
running a clean business,

1438
01:19:24,331 --> 01:19:28,302
is always gonna cost more
than breaking the fucking law.

1439
01:19:30,037 --> 01:19:32,039
Today, 90% of the tomatoes

1440
01:19:32,072 --> 01:19:33,907
being produced in Florida

1441
01:19:33,941 --> 01:19:35,776
are covered
by the Fair Food agreement.

1442
01:19:38,078 --> 01:19:39,913
And 14 corporations

1443
01:19:39,947 --> 01:19:44,018
that buy from these growers
have signed onto it.

1444
01:19:45,286 --> 01:19:48,556
But not everybody
has come on board.

1445
01:19:48,590 --> 01:19:53,227
Wendy's decided
to actually cut purchases

1446
01:19:53,260 --> 01:19:57,464
from growers for adhering
to the Fair Food Program.

1447
01:19:57,498 --> 01:20:01,869
Instead, they went to Mexico
to buy from mega-farms

1448
01:20:01,902 --> 01:20:05,472
that do not respect
the rights of the workers.

1449
01:20:05,507 --> 01:20:07,474
If Wendy's were to join

1450
01:20:07,509 --> 01:20:10,844
the Fair Food Program
and pay an extra penny a pound

1451
01:20:10,878 --> 01:20:16,183
to farm workers, it would cost
maybe $500,000 a year.

1452
01:20:16,216 --> 01:20:19,920
It's a tiny portion
of their annual revenue

1453
01:20:19,953 --> 01:20:22,923
and might increase the cost
of a Wendy's hamburger

1454
01:20:22,956 --> 01:20:28,262
by 1/30th of a penny.

1455
01:20:28,295 --> 01:20:30,364
There are other corporations

1456
01:20:30,397 --> 01:20:34,368
that refuse to participate
on the Fair Food program.

1457
01:20:34,401 --> 01:20:36,503
But if they would
sign on to it,

1458
01:20:36,538 --> 01:20:40,542
then we would see an increase
in wages of almost double.

1459
01:20:41,543 --> 01:20:46,246
And now, the Fair Food Program
has become the blueprint

1460
01:20:46,280 --> 01:20:50,284
for labor relationships in many
other parts of the country.

1461
01:20:57,091 --> 01:20:59,059
In Latin America,

1462
01:20:59,093 --> 01:21:01,895
many countries
are making progress

1463
01:21:01,929 --> 01:21:05,600
to reduce consumption
of ultra-processed foods.

1464
01:21:07,434 --> 01:21:10,672
In Chile, they use
black warning labels

1465
01:21:10,705 --> 01:21:14,341
saying "too much sugar,"
"too much saturated fat,"

1466
01:21:14,375 --> 01:21:15,677
"too much calories."

1467
01:21:15,710 --> 01:21:18,379
And in Mexico,
for instance, they say,

1468
01:21:18,412 --> 01:21:21,148
if a product has
a warning label,

1469
01:21:21,181 --> 01:21:23,417
they cannot have
anything other thing

1470
01:21:23,450 --> 01:21:25,152
saying the product is good.

1471
01:21:25,185 --> 01:21:27,254
No health claims.

1472
01:21:29,490 --> 01:21:31,058
In Brazil,

1473
01:21:31,091 --> 01:21:33,460
every day,
we have 40 million meals

1474
01:21:33,494 --> 01:21:36,664
prepared in public schools.

1475
01:21:49,677 --> 01:21:51,211
The Brazilian dietary policy

1476
01:21:51,245 --> 01:21:53,280
is that real food is essential.

1477
01:21:53,313 --> 01:21:55,282
Cooking is essential.

1478
01:21:55,315 --> 01:21:59,052
And basically, avoiding
ultra-processed foods.

1479
01:22:03,157 --> 01:22:06,393
Children that
have access to this program,

1480
01:22:06,427 --> 01:22:11,131
really are acquiring
healthy eating habits.

1481
01:22:23,545 --> 01:22:28,215
This program promotes
the demand for healthy foods.

1482
01:22:28,248 --> 01:22:32,986
The municipalities,
they are obliged by law

1483
01:22:33,020 --> 01:22:37,224
to buy unprocessed
and minimally processed foods.

1484
01:22:37,257 --> 01:22:42,664
And they should buy 30% of food
from local family farmers.

1485
01:23:07,622 --> 01:23:09,591
Come on guys, get in line.

1486
01:23:09,624 --> 01:23:12,326
Normally, school districts

1487
01:23:12,359 --> 01:23:14,729
purchase food from
a distribution company.

1488
01:23:14,762 --> 01:23:16,497
But the Camden
city school district

1489
01:23:16,531 --> 01:23:18,633
is now providing food

1490
01:23:18,666 --> 01:23:21,335
direct from the farmers
to the table

1491
01:23:21,368 --> 01:23:23,638
right in our school cafeterias.

1492
01:23:23,671 --> 01:23:26,574
We have asparagus fries today
with Parmesan and...

1493
01:23:26,608 --> 01:23:28,342
It's so successful.

1494
01:23:28,375 --> 01:23:33,113
There are more students
selecting salads than ever.

1495
01:23:33,146 --> 01:23:35,115
There was a time where they're
gonna walk past it,

1496
01:23:35,148 --> 01:23:37,084
get a cheeseburger,
get tenders, get whatever.

1497
01:23:39,152 --> 01:23:42,222
To be able to serve fresh,
fresh, fresh produce,

1498
01:23:42,256 --> 01:23:44,057
straight from the farm,

1499
01:23:44,091 --> 01:23:47,194
it makes all the difference
in the world.

1500
01:23:47,227 --> 01:23:49,463
It makes them want
to come to school.

1501
01:23:49,496 --> 01:23:51,131
Yeah.

1502
01:23:51,164 --> 01:23:52,567
We're partnering with

1503
01:23:52,600 --> 01:23:55,469
The Common Market
to build relationships

1504
01:23:55,502 --> 01:23:57,237
with our local farmers.

1505
01:23:57,271 --> 01:24:00,575
So those were grown
on farms near here.

1506
01:24:00,608 --> 01:24:03,377
We saw
there needed to be a link

1507
01:24:03,410 --> 01:24:06,380
that connected communities
like ours with the abundance

1508
01:24:06,413 --> 01:24:08,415
of farmland and the abundance
of good food

1509
01:24:08,448 --> 01:24:10,183
that's grown in our region.

1510
01:24:11,886 --> 01:24:14,622
It's largely federal policy

1511
01:24:14,656 --> 01:24:17,157
that is supporting these large,
multinational companies

1512
01:24:17,190 --> 01:24:21,128
who are selling cheap
and processed food.

1513
01:24:21,161 --> 01:24:23,731
Programs like ours demonstrate

1514
01:24:23,765 --> 01:24:25,700
the kind of policy change
that we want to see.

1515
01:24:25,733 --> 01:24:30,404
Policy that's beneficial for
both farmers in rural places

1516
01:24:30,437 --> 01:24:32,540
and urban consumers.

1517
01:24:40,213 --> 01:24:43,150
Buenos días.

1518
01:24:43,952 --> 01:24:46,688
So, you feel
good about the hearing today?

1519
01:24:46,721 --> 01:24:48,355
Yeah.

1520
01:24:48,388 --> 01:24:50,490
The coalition around
these nutrition issues

1521
01:24:50,525 --> 01:24:53,861
has grown from family farmers
to civil rights activists

1522
01:24:53,895 --> 01:24:56,598
to environmental justice
people.

1523
01:24:56,631 --> 01:24:59,132
They see this
potential coalition

1524
01:24:59,166 --> 01:25:02,202
that could really
make real change.

1525
01:25:02,235 --> 01:25:04,772
-Good luck.
-Thank you very much.

1526
01:25:04,806 --> 01:25:06,473
I'm now the chairperson

1527
01:25:06,507 --> 01:25:09,476
of a powerful subcommittee
on nutrition.

1528
01:25:10,277 --> 01:25:12,446
And I want to be a part
of letting people know

1529
01:25:12,479 --> 01:25:15,415
a lot of these pressing
realities that moved me

1530
01:25:15,449 --> 01:25:18,418
to want to deal with
our food system.

1531
01:25:19,621 --> 01:25:21,789
So it's a tremendous privilege

1532
01:25:21,823 --> 01:25:26,293
and responsibility
to focus Washington on an issue

1533
01:25:26,326 --> 01:25:28,896
that I believe is at the center

1534
01:25:28,930 --> 01:25:31,633
of human life, American life.

1535
01:25:31,666 --> 01:25:35,335
Now, let's be clear,
the majority of our food system

1536
01:25:35,369 --> 01:25:38,271
is being now controlled
by just a handful

1537
01:25:38,305 --> 01:25:41,308
of big multinational
corporations.

1538
01:25:41,341 --> 01:25:44,646
These food companies carefully
forment-- uh, formulate

1539
01:25:44,679 --> 01:25:48,281
and market
nutrient-poor, addictive,

1540
01:25:48,315 --> 01:25:53,186
ultra-processed foods
which now comprise two-thirds

1541
01:25:53,220 --> 01:25:55,757
of the calories
in children and teens

1542
01:25:55,790 --> 01:25:57,424
in their diets
in the United States.

1543
01:25:57,457 --> 01:25:59,794
And these companies
want us to believe

1544
01:25:59,827 --> 01:26:02,664
that the resultant
diet-related diseases,

1545
01:26:02,697 --> 01:26:08,301
such as obesity and diabetes,
are somehow a moral failing.

1546
01:26:08,335 --> 01:26:10,872
That they represent
a lack of willpower,

1547
01:26:10,905 --> 01:26:13,841
or a failure
to get enough exercise.

1548
01:26:13,875 --> 01:26:16,243
That-that is just a lie.

1549
01:26:16,276 --> 01:26:18,311
It's a lie.

1550
01:26:18,345 --> 01:26:20,347
And so, I believe
we need to rethink

1551
01:26:20,380 --> 01:26:23,584
the way we approach food
and nutrition policy.

1552
01:26:23,618 --> 01:26:26,554
Our lives literally
depend upon it.

1553
01:26:28,355 --> 01:26:30,490
By fixing our food system,

1554
01:26:30,525 --> 01:26:31,993
we will create
health and well-being

1555
01:26:32,026 --> 01:26:34,461
in-in every aspect
of our lives.

1556
01:26:34,494 --> 01:26:38,900
But the forces of Washington
right now are really invested

1557
01:26:38,933 --> 01:26:41,435
in sustaining
these broken systems.

1558
01:26:41,468 --> 01:26:42,937
Because it's creating
big profit

1559
01:26:42,970 --> 01:26:44,806
for very powerful interests.

1560
01:26:44,839 --> 01:26:47,975
Tyson Foods,
in the last quarter of 2021,

1561
01:26:48,009 --> 01:26:51,646
their net income rose
from $469 million

1562
01:26:51,679 --> 01:26:55,650
to $1.2 billion,
that's one quarter, okay?

1563
01:26:55,683 --> 01:26:57,284
; I've got
a piece of legislation

1564
01:26:57,317 --> 01:26:58,986
right now to put
more transparency

1565
01:26:59,020 --> 01:27:01,589
on those big meatpacking
companies

1566
01:27:01,622 --> 01:27:04,592
and have a special investigator
with subpoena power.

1567
01:27:04,625 --> 01:27:07,360
Make sure these folks aren't
doing antitrust activities.

1568
01:27:07,394 --> 01:27:09,630
But make no mistake,
there's gonna be a lot

1569
01:27:09,664 --> 01:27:11,532
of money thrown against me.

1570
01:27:12,800 --> 01:27:14,401
They're gonna say,
"We're not gonna let

1571
01:27:14,434 --> 01:27:17,337
some bigmouth senator
from Montana stop us."

1572
01:27:17,370 --> 01:27:20,641
And so, bring it on, guys.

1573
01:27:21,709 --> 01:27:23,010
How'd the hearing go?

1574
01:27:23,044 --> 01:27:24,879
-Really well.
-Yeah.

1575
01:27:24,912 --> 01:27:27,749
Now we're being filmed
doing an illegal activity.

1576
01:27:27,782 --> 01:27:29,751
We're jaywalking here.

1577
01:27:29,784 --> 01:27:31,052
I think the light's
gonna change for us maybe?

1578
01:27:31,085 --> 01:27:33,054
You think so?

1579
01:27:33,087 --> 01:27:34,655
Sometimes the law has
to catch up to where you are.

1580
01:27:34,689 --> 01:27:35,890
That's right.

1581
01:27:37,859 --> 01:27:39,392
I really think that this is

1582
01:27:39,426 --> 01:27:42,029
a moment in history
where we can expand

1583
01:27:42,063 --> 01:27:44,899
the innovations going on
in the American food system

1584
01:27:44,932 --> 01:27:48,970
to show people that there's
a better way of doing this.

1585
01:27:56,644 --> 01:27:57,979
It's all doable,

1586
01:27:58,012 --> 01:27:59,814
it's all fixable.

1587
01:27:59,847 --> 01:28:03,751
If we tackle the big problem
of antitrust

1588
01:28:03,785 --> 01:28:05,553
and agricultural policy.

1589
01:28:05,586 --> 01:28:07,454
We need to change
the incentives,

1590
01:28:07,487 --> 01:28:11,391
so the government is
subsidizing healthy calories,

1591
01:28:11,424 --> 01:28:13,060
not unhealthy calories.

1592
01:28:13,094 --> 01:28:15,696
Just imagine
if the government decided

1593
01:28:15,730 --> 01:28:19,466
to step in on the side of
the consumer and the citizen,

1594
01:28:19,499 --> 01:28:22,435
rather than on the side
of the big food companies.

1595
01:28:23,638 --> 01:28:25,873
We had a pandemic

1596
01:28:25,907 --> 01:28:28,408
and saw how brittle
things were.

1597
01:28:28,441 --> 01:28:31,946
So let's create resiliency

1598
01:28:31,979 --> 01:28:36,416
by empowering the folks
that raise their food

1599
01:28:36,449 --> 01:28:38,953
in our local
and regional food systems.

1600
01:28:40,487 --> 01:28:41,622
The future doesn't have to be

1601
01:28:41,656 --> 01:28:43,591
cornfield after cornfield.

1602
01:28:43,624 --> 01:28:45,092
If we want to see
change happen,

1603
01:28:45,126 --> 01:28:48,729
we have to change
agricultural policy.

1604
01:28:48,763 --> 01:28:50,131
We get the right policy,

1605
01:28:50,164 --> 01:28:52,700
and we'll start taking care
of our soils,

1606
01:28:52,733 --> 01:28:54,501
which in turn makes
healthy food.

1607
01:28:54,535 --> 01:28:56,838
Like, it's not rocket science.

1608
01:28:57,939 --> 01:28:59,073
This is our chance

1609
01:28:59,106 --> 01:29:00,741
to chart a new course.

1610
01:29:00,775 --> 01:29:03,778
We can actually grow good food,
create good jobs,

1611
01:29:03,811 --> 01:29:06,547
while we're also healing
the planet.

1612
01:29:06,581 --> 01:29:09,584
And that's sort of the world
I-I'd love to live in.

1613
01:29:09,617 --> 01:29:10,751
-Fifteen!
-Stand up!

1614
01:29:10,785 --> 01:29:12,385
KC!

1615
01:29:12,419 --> 01:29:13,855
I want to see everybody

1616
01:29:13,888 --> 01:29:15,656
treated fairly.

1617
01:29:15,690 --> 01:29:17,592
We are the ones

1618
01:29:17,625 --> 01:29:19,727
that make this company
successful.

1619
01:29:19,760 --> 01:29:22,630
-Who runs this Taco Bell?
-We do!

1620
01:29:22,663 --> 01:29:24,497
I want to see life.

1621
01:29:24,532 --> 01:29:26,000
I want to see people
living life,

1622
01:29:26,033 --> 01:29:28,035
not just fighting to survive.

1623
01:29:30,004 --> 01:29:32,173
We can have a food system

1624
01:29:32,206 --> 01:29:35,877
that produces healthy food
for consumers,

1625
01:29:35,910 --> 01:29:42,116
that provides a safe workplace
and decent wages to workers,

1626
01:29:42,149 --> 01:29:45,485
that treats animals like
they're living beings

1627
01:29:45,519 --> 01:29:48,956
and not industrial commodities,

1628
01:29:48,990 --> 01:29:53,460
that treats the land
in a way that's sustainable

1629
01:29:53,493 --> 01:29:56,097
and not destructive.

1630
01:29:56,130 --> 01:29:59,934
We not only can do it,
we have to.

1631
01:30:07,708 --> 01:30:10,177
♪ This land is your land ♪

1632
01:30:12,013 --> 01:30:14,615
♪ This land is my land ♪

1633
01:30:17,919 --> 01:30:21,923
♪ From California ♪

1634
01:30:21,956 --> 01:30:26,727
♪ Well,
to the New York island ♪

1635
01:30:26,761 --> 01:30:31,632
♪ From the redwood forest ♪

1636
01:30:31,666 --> 01:30:36,537
♪ To the Gulf Stream waters ♪

1637
01:30:37,538 --> 01:30:38,973
♪ I tell you ♪

1638
01:30:39,006 --> 01:30:41,142
♪ This land ♪

1639
01:30:41,175 --> 01:30:46,147
♪ Was made for you and me ♪

1640
01:30:47,782 --> 01:30:51,484
♪ As I went walking ♪

1641
01:30:51,519 --> 01:30:55,488
♪ Down that ribbon
of a highway ♪

1642
01:30:56,958 --> 01:31:01,128
♪ I saw above me ♪

1643
01:31:01,162 --> 01:31:05,566
♪ Oh, that endless skyway ♪

1644
01:31:06,767 --> 01:31:10,671
♪ Now, I saw below me ♪

1645
01:31:11,305 --> 01:31:15,142
♪ That golden valley ♪

1646
01:31:16,043 --> 01:31:17,878
♪ And I said ♪

1647
01:31:17,912 --> 01:31:20,614
♪ This land ♪

1648
01:31:20,648 --> 01:31:25,686
♪ Was made for you and me ♪

1649
01:31:26,921 --> 01:31:31,158
♪ As I was walking ♪

1650
01:31:31,192 --> 01:31:34,095
♪ Now, they tried to stop me ♪

1651
01:31:36,063 --> 01:31:40,067
♪ They put up a sign
that said ♪

1652
01:31:40,101 --> 01:31:44,772
♪ Oh, it said,
"Private property" ♪

1653
01:31:45,873 --> 01:31:50,044
♪ Well, on the back side ♪

1654
01:31:50,077 --> 01:31:55,149
♪ You know, it said nothing ♪

1655
01:31:55,182 --> 01:31:59,653
♪ So, it must be that side ♪

1656
01:31:59,687 --> 01:32:05,292
♪ Was made for you
and me, yeah ♪

1657
01:32:19,807 --> 01:32:24,578
♪ One bright, sunny morning ♪

1658
01:32:24,612 --> 01:32:29,350
♪ Well, in the shadow
of a steeple ♪

1659
01:32:29,383 --> 01:32:34,088
♪ Down by the welfare office ♪

1660
01:32:34,121 --> 01:32:39,060
♪ I... I saw my people ♪

1661
01:32:39,093 --> 01:32:43,964
♪ You know, now,
they stood hungry ♪

1662
01:32:43,998 --> 01:32:48,969
♪ I... I stood wondering ♪

1663
01:32:49,003 --> 01:32:53,641
♪ I was wondering
if this land ♪

1664
01:32:53,674 --> 01:32:58,879
♪ Was made for you and me ♪

1665
01:32:59,413 --> 01:33:01,682
♪ This land is your land ♪

1666
01:33:04,652 --> 01:33:07,955
♪ This land is my land ♪

1667
01:33:09,156 --> 01:33:13,127
♪ From Riverside, California ♪

1668
01:33:13,160 --> 01:33:17,698
♪ Oh, to Staten Island ♪

1669
01:33:17,731 --> 01:33:22,937
♪ Well, on down
to west of Georgia ♪

1670
01:33:22,970 --> 01:33:26,807
♪ Oh, don't forget
to say Philadelphia ♪

1671
01:33:26,841 --> 01:33:31,078
♪ Oh, we moving on down
to Mississippi ♪

1672
01:33:31,112 --> 01:33:34,148
♪ Oh, Houston, Texas ♪

1673
01:33:34,181 --> 01:33:35,883
♪ Ah, L.A. ♪

1674
01:33:35,916 --> 01:33:37,384
♪ Yeah ♪

1675
01:33:37,418 --> 01:33:40,788
♪ You know,
this land is your land ♪

1676
01:33:40,821 --> 01:33:46,660
♪ Ah, this land is my land ♪

1677
01:33:46,694 --> 01:33:49,930
♪ Oh, this land
is your land ♪

1678
01:33:49,964 --> 01:33:52,133
♪ You've got to believe ♪

1679
01:33:52,166 --> 01:33:54,969
♪ Oh, it's my land ♪

1680
01:33:55,002 --> 01:33:58,072
♪ Oh ♪

1681
01:33:58,105 --> 01:34:00,207
♪ Mm ♪

1682
01:34:00,241 --> 01:34:05,379
♪ Ooh, this land was made
for you and me, yeah ♪

1683
01:34:05,412 --> 01:34:08,949
♪ Oh, this land was made
for you and me ♪

1684
01:34:08,983 --> 01:34:11,285
♪ Oh, this land ♪

1685
01:34:11,318 --> 01:34:13,420
♪ This land is your land ♪

1686
01:34:13,454 --> 01:34:15,789
♪ Ah, this land ♪

1687
01:34:15,823 --> 01:34:17,825
♪ This land is my land. ♪