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[ominous music playing]
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[Yahweh] Moses.
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My Lord.
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Tonight is different
from all other nights.
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How, my Lord?
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All the firstborn
in the land of Egypt will die.
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From the firstborn of Pharaoh
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to the firstborn
of the poorest maidservant.
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What about the Hebrews?
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Listen closely.
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Every family is to eat
from a sacrificial lamb
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prepared with bitter herbs.
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Eat it with bread without leaven,
for there is no time for it to rise.
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Take the lamb's blood and paint it
around the doors of your houses
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to show where you live
as a protection from my vengeance.
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I'm looking for the house of Moses.
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I'm frightened, Moses.
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There must be another way.
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[Yahweh] I am the destroyer.
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Inside. Quickly.
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Quickly.
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[narrator] And so the tenth plague begins.
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Death of the firstborn.
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[epic music playing]
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[tense music playing]
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[Kang] The last plague is so devastating
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because it's saying
every firstborn in Egypt,
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from the Pharaoh's firstborn
to, like, the nobody's firstborn,
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to, like, the cattle,
they're all gonna die.
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For Christianity, this is a foreshadowing
of the New Testament and Jesus Christ.
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Blood of the Lamb.
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Sacrifice of the lamb.
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And it's only by his blood
that you're gonna be saved.
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Exodus only by the blood of this lamb
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on the doorpost
that you're gonna be saved.
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Please. Eat.
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Drink.
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[Lewter] It was the marking
of the Hebrew homes
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with the blood of the lamb on the doorpost
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that caused the angel
to pass over that home.
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[Adelman] That's where we get
the term Passover from.
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Passes over their houses
and instead strikes the Egyptians.
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[tense music continues]
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[chatter and laughter]
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[man] This one here. This is delicious.
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[objects clatter]
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[chatter stops]
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Amen?
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Amen?
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Amen!
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[screaming]
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[dramatic music playing]
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[Egyptians screaming]
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[Enns] One way of thinking about it
is tit for tat.
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What does Pharaoh do
at the beginning of Exodus,
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but he kills the male children.
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And here it's the firstborn
who are getting it.
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The story is coming full circle.
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What you tried to do to mine,
I'm now doing to yours.
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[sorrowful music playing]
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[Egyptians screaming]
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Ancient rabbinic tradition
does not celebrate the suffering
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that the plagues deliver
to the people in Egypt.
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When we come to the part
of the Passover seder
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where we chant the ten plagues,
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we're instructed to take
a drop of wine out of our cups
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with our finger
and place it on the edge of our plate.
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It is wrong to take pleasure
in the suffering of others.
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Whether they are people who have harmed us
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or whether they are innocent people.
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And therefore,
we symbolically diminish our joy.
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[screaming and sobbing]
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[panting]
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Moses! Moses!
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In Chapter 12, you have the destroyer
as coming down.
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And sometimes that's understood
as the Angel of Death.
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It doesn't say God.
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Moses!
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[Enns] But right after that in the story,
it does say God did it.
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So I don't know
if this is trying to put distance
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between God and what God is doing.
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Moses.
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Moses.
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[narrator] "And there was
a great cry in Egypt."
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"For there was not a house
where there was not one dead."
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Moses!
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Please! We must go, please!
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[Lewter] I think redactors
and biblical authors
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have substituted a death angel
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to absolve God
from some of the more fierce
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and some of the more vengeful character
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that would be associated with any god
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who would take the lives of children
and the lives of the innocent.
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What have we done?
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What God asked you to.
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[sorrowful music swells]
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[somber music playing]
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[Kang] I look at that last plague,
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and it is absolutely devastating.
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It's all the reasons why you hear, um,
these arguments against God.
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How could a loving God
allow this to happen?
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What kind of vengeful God would do this?
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You would kill all the firstborn?
What kind of merciless God are you?
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And I'll be totally honest,
there's not a good answer for that.
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But just on a humanity level,
that is devastating.
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Moses.
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Where are you, Moses?
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Moses!
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Moses!
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Where are you?
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Answer me!
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-My brother.
-Bolt the door.
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-I must go to him.
-No!
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[Pharaoh] Answer me!
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I will.
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Moses is not here.
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Too ashamed to stand face-to-face with me?
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My son is dead!
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Our children have died too, at your hands.
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You were warned.
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No man could stand in the way of God.
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Your God is nothing but a murderer.
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He is the giver of life.
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And the taker.
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My son…
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My son.
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[somber music playing]
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Go to the desert.
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Go now.
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No conditions?
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None.
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As long as you leave now.
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Stay with us.
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No.
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I must grieve Egypt's loss with him.
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His loss.
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[rousing music playing]
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We must leave. Quickly.
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Before he changes his mind.
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[grave music playing]
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Oh, beloved boy.
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You brought this evil into my house.
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You pushed Moses to this…
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calamity.
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And look what happened.
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You thought you were invincible.
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Invulnerable.
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I commune with gods.
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Do you?
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[tense music playing]
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Bow to me.
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-I'm begging you to heed me.
-Bow!
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[tense music swells]
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I am Pharaoh!
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King of the Nile!
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[narrator] "The Egyptians urged the people
to hurry and leave the country."
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"'For otherwise,'
they said, 'we shall all die.'"
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[Einhorn] Everything
now moves very quickly.
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It's as though there sort of is
a collapsing of time.
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You've been here all these years.
How long? Two, ten, four hundred?
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They lost track of time.
A slave is not in charge of their time.
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A slave is told where to be and when.
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Now, for the first time,
they're told, "Let's go."
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They are no longer slaves to time.
They will take charge of time.
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[foreboding music playing]
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[narrator] "They had asked
from the Egyptians articles of silver,
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articles of gold and clothing."
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"And the Lord had given the people favor
in the sight of the Egyptians
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so that they granted them
what they requested."
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"Thus, they plundered the Egyptians."
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"Plundering" is the word that I typically
have heard translate the Hebrew.
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But let's not mince words.
It's the same idea.
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"We're gonna get ours now."
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Actually, this was such a problem
in early Judaism
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that the Jewish philosopher Philo,
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he argued, "No, no, this was payment
for services rendered."
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It wasn't really plundering or despoiling.
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It's something that we deserved,
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and we got because of all
that we've gone through.
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I just wish the Bible came with footnotes.
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Like, "What are you trying
to get across by that,
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other than the tables have turned?"
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[Moses] Is this…
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Is this what we are to become?
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This?
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Moses!
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Didn't you give me jewels to wear
when we were betrothed?
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Today is also a betrothal.
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Four hundred years, Moses.
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Let them celebrate.
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[man] He cannot be happy for us.
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The day was foretold long ago.
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Our departure for Canaan.
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The land of milk and honey.
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After 400 years,
that day has finally arrived.
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We have been besieged
by struggles in that time.
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By toil, hardship, and suffering.
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We had forgotten who we were.
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Thank God.
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God spoke to me on the mountain.
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Now here we are.
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Here we are,
standing on this beautiful morning
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at freedom's gate.
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Do we suddenly trust Pharaoh to let us go?
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How many times has he changed his plans?
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This whole thing might be a trap.
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No.
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The only trap now is here in our minds.
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From this day, our God is our betrothed
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and we are his bride.
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[Bithiah] Moses!
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[solemn music playing]
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-[woman 1] Hey!
-[woman 2] The princess.
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Wherever you go, I will go.
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And where you stay, I will stay.
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When Moses leads this group
back out of Egypt,
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Bithiah joins them
in his Exodus from Egypt.
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And I think that is telling.
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And I think that says a whole lot
about who Moses had become
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and the degree to which he impressed
even his own family to follow him.
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[Adelman] In the Midrash,
there's one poignant version
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which says that the daughter
of the pharaoh was a firstborn,
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and she would have died
in the plague of the firstborn.
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But God says, "Because you saved Moses,
I'm going to save you."
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That's the point where she's adopted
by God and saved from the final plague.
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To many Muslims, when they think
about the adopted mother of Moses,
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they think of a person who has been
oppressed by Pharaoh as well.
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And, in fact,
in extra Qur'anic literature,
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it's said that when Moses comes back,
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she is actually one of the first
to accept his message.
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And it's narrated that Pharaoh
then proceeded to torture her,
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and that God rescued her
from-- from the horrendous torture
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that-- that Pharaoh himself
was exerting upon her.
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So she becomes, in the Islamic tradition,
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an inspiration for women
who are caught in domestic violence
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who-- who need an escape,
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and that she can be
a figure to look towards.
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[uplifting music playing]
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Moses, we must waste no time.
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My brother has lost his mind.
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Israelites!
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Let us go!
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Let us go!
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[cheering]
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[triumphant music playing]
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[ululating and cheering]
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[Einhorn] There's a line
from the Passover evening
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that we say in our text,
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if God had not taken us out of Egypt,
we'd still be slaves to Pharaoh.
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Doesn't mean we'd still be slaves.
It means psychologically.
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Psychologically, we still would have
been beholden to our master.
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It's Stockholm syndrome.
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One of the ways to undercut
and to heal from Stockholm syndrome
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is the minimization of the captor,
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where you see
they were not people of value.
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These are not people who are kind to us.
Not good people.
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And the minute they see that,
that Stockholm syndrome is gone.
258
00:20:33,357 --> 00:20:35,025
And they're free. They're liberated.
259
00:20:36,652 --> 00:20:38,987
[ominous music playing]
260
00:20:53,585 --> 00:20:56,255
[Haman] I made a sacrifice to Amun.
261
00:20:56,880 --> 00:21:00,592
He has finally saved us from this evil.
262
00:21:00,676 --> 00:21:03,595
No, we have misjudged, Haman!
263
00:21:05,097 --> 00:21:08,475
If one tribe of workers leaves,
so will others.
264
00:21:08,976 --> 00:21:11,395
The Nubians, the Hittites.
265
00:21:11,478 --> 00:21:13,438
Foundations will crumble.
266
00:21:13,522 --> 00:21:14,940
Prepare the army.
267
00:21:15,649 --> 00:21:18,277
Majesty, I beg you.
268
00:21:19,820 --> 00:21:21,613
Prepare the army.
269
00:21:22,406 --> 00:21:24,408
[dramatic percussive music playing]
270
00:21:35,377 --> 00:21:37,379
[Kang] I think there's a lot
to be said in the fact
271
00:21:37,462 --> 00:21:42,342
that it was that tenth plague
that personally affects Pharaoh
272
00:21:42,843 --> 00:21:46,972
that was like, that's the straw
that broke the camel's back, so to speak.
273
00:21:47,723 --> 00:21:49,641
[Lewter] I think
when Pharaoh gets to the point
274
00:21:49,725 --> 00:21:52,436
where he realizes that the son is gone,
275
00:21:52,519 --> 00:21:55,814
his heart is filled with retaliation.
276
00:21:55,897 --> 00:21:58,692
And then Pharaoh changes his mind
and chases them.
277
00:21:59,651 --> 00:22:02,029
I sometimes picture
like a cat-and-mouse game,
278
00:22:02,112 --> 00:22:04,364
you know, where the cat
is chasing the mouse
279
00:22:04,865 --> 00:22:07,659
and has it in his mouth,
then lets it go and revives it a bit,
280
00:22:07,743 --> 00:22:10,120
then goes back and starts
playing with it some more.
281
00:22:10,203 --> 00:22:12,873
That's the picture I get here
of God in this story.
282
00:22:12,956 --> 00:22:14,958
[dramatic music playing]
283
00:22:31,183 --> 00:22:33,310
[Aaron] Canaan is north. This way.
284
00:22:34,186 --> 00:22:36,188
[Moses] We will be crossing
through Philistine land.
285
00:22:36,271 --> 00:22:37,230
They could attack us.
286
00:22:40,317 --> 00:22:42,027
[Aaron] Then we'll have to fight.
287
00:22:42,694 --> 00:22:44,237
It's the only way, Moses.
288
00:22:44,988 --> 00:22:46,031
Then north.
289
00:22:47,032 --> 00:22:50,118
Across the desert to the Promised Land!
290
00:22:53,246 --> 00:22:55,040
[wind blowing wildly]
291
00:23:00,295 --> 00:23:02,881
Aaron! Aaron!
292
00:23:04,091 --> 00:23:05,550
He's showing us the way!
293
00:23:05,634 --> 00:23:07,761
No, that way leads us to the sea!
294
00:23:07,844 --> 00:23:09,513
Between Midgol and Baal-zephon!
295
00:23:09,596 --> 00:23:12,265
-I've seen this once before!
-But we'll be trapped!
296
00:23:12,349 --> 00:23:15,352
-It led me back to you!
-I'm telling you, brother!
297
00:23:15,435 --> 00:23:16,728
It's a sign!
298
00:23:17,896 --> 00:23:21,566
We'll need a fleet of a thousand ships
to leave Egypt that way!
299
00:23:26,029 --> 00:23:28,407
[narrator] "When Pharaoh
let the people go,
300
00:23:28,490 --> 00:23:32,285
God did not lead them on the road
through the Philistine country,
301
00:23:32,369 --> 00:23:33,954
though that was shorter."
302
00:23:34,913 --> 00:23:37,541
"For God said, 'If they face war,
303
00:23:37,624 --> 00:23:41,336
they might change their minds
and return to Egypt.'"
304
00:23:41,420 --> 00:23:46,800
"So God led the people round
by the desert road toward the Red Sea."
305
00:23:48,677 --> 00:23:51,346
[Einhorn] There are many interpretations
why God led the people
306
00:23:51,430 --> 00:23:53,932
in a strange and funny direction.
307
00:23:54,015 --> 00:23:56,768
And explanations range
from military reasons
308
00:23:56,852 --> 00:23:59,354
or, um, some promise of a deliverance
309
00:23:59,438 --> 00:24:01,815
through the water sources
that they would need.
310
00:24:01,898 --> 00:24:04,443
And all of those
may have a kernel of truth to it.
311
00:24:04,985 --> 00:24:09,448
But the Torah is meant to be a text
which speaks to us to this day.
312
00:24:09,531 --> 00:24:12,451
And therefore, the message
that is most relevant from the journey
313
00:24:12,534 --> 00:24:17,205
that God took them on is that the way
that you thought you needed to go in life,
314
00:24:17,289 --> 00:24:21,793
God says, "I'm the one who's got you.
I know the way that you need. Follow me."
315
00:24:24,004 --> 00:24:27,591
[narrator] "By day, the Lord went
ahead of them in a pillar of cloud
316
00:24:27,674 --> 00:24:29,384
to guide them on their way."
317
00:24:29,468 --> 00:24:31,678
[dramatic music playing]
318
00:24:31,761 --> 00:24:35,515
"And by night,
in a pillar of fire to give them light,
319
00:24:37,809 --> 00:24:41,771
so that they could travel
by day or night."
320
00:24:44,232 --> 00:24:46,735
"And the Egyptians pursued."
321
00:24:46,818 --> 00:24:48,612
[tense music playing]
322
00:25:19,601 --> 00:25:20,769
[Aaron] Told you, brother.
323
00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:23,313
There's nothing here but the sea.
324
00:25:24,940 --> 00:25:26,066
We need to go back.
325
00:25:28,401 --> 00:25:29,736
Must have a purpose.
326
00:25:33,323 --> 00:25:35,325
[Egyptians approaching]
327
00:25:41,206 --> 00:25:42,666
[narrator] "The Egyptians,
328
00:25:42,749 --> 00:25:47,170
all Pharaoh's horses and chariots,
horsemen, and troops,
329
00:25:47,254 --> 00:25:50,340
pursued the Israelites and overtook them
330
00:25:50,423 --> 00:25:53,552
as they camped
by the sea near Pi-hahiroth,
331
00:25:53,635 --> 00:25:55,428
opposite Baal-zephon."
332
00:25:56,263 --> 00:25:58,014
[uneasy music playing]
333
00:26:07,399 --> 00:26:10,277
Tell us, Moses, what does God say?
334
00:26:13,196 --> 00:26:14,698
[Dathan] I told you it was a trick.
335
00:26:17,867 --> 00:26:18,994
We camp here.
336
00:26:21,871 --> 00:26:23,164
We camp here!
337
00:26:23,790 --> 00:26:25,709
Pharaoh will slaughter us where we lie.
338
00:26:25,792 --> 00:26:26,960
[Moses] We camp here!
339
00:26:33,883 --> 00:26:34,801
[crashing and rumbling]
340
00:26:34,884 --> 00:26:35,927
No.
341
00:26:37,012 --> 00:26:38,138
Look, he's right.
342
00:26:38,805 --> 00:26:40,223
Moses is right!
343
00:26:40,307 --> 00:26:42,309
[inspiring music playing]
344
00:26:50,191 --> 00:26:54,321
God provides them with this saving grace.
345
00:26:54,404 --> 00:26:59,117
This visual impossible presence
346
00:26:59,200 --> 00:27:00,994
that they also recognize
347
00:27:01,077 --> 00:27:04,205
not only is serving as a compass,
348
00:27:04,289 --> 00:27:07,167
but is also a force of protection.
349
00:27:07,250 --> 00:27:09,252
[dark music playing]
350
00:27:10,295 --> 00:27:11,963
-[men groaning]
-[horses neighing]
351
00:27:12,505 --> 00:27:14,466
Tell them to go around it!
352
00:27:14,549 --> 00:27:16,259
We cannot, Majesty.
353
00:27:16,343 --> 00:27:19,638
Every time we try to move,
it moves with us.
354
00:27:21,556 --> 00:27:25,018
My Lord, it seems to be alive.
355
00:27:26,561 --> 00:27:27,771
[Pharaoh grunts]
356
00:27:40,700 --> 00:27:43,119
The man who finds a way around that thing
357
00:27:43,828 --> 00:27:45,413
will be my heir.
358
00:27:45,497 --> 00:27:47,499
[dramatic musical flourish]
359
00:27:54,005 --> 00:27:56,007
[baby crying]
360
00:28:13,400 --> 00:28:15,402
[sighs]
361
00:28:21,783 --> 00:28:24,577
You must have had a purpose
in leading us here.
362
00:28:30,583 --> 00:28:33,294
So tell me, my Lord.
What is it? Show it to me.
363
00:28:56,234 --> 00:28:57,318
[Yahweh] Moses.
364
00:29:05,618 --> 00:29:07,912
Lift up your staff.
365
00:29:08,580 --> 00:29:10,582
[thunder rumbling]
366
00:29:10,665 --> 00:29:12,667
[electrifying music playing]
367
00:29:19,632 --> 00:29:21,426
Stretch out your hand.
368
00:29:26,598 --> 00:29:29,809
[narrator] "Then Moses
stretched out his hand over the sea."
369
00:29:31,102 --> 00:29:37,108
"And the Lord caused the sea to go back
by a strong east wind all that night."
370
00:29:43,239 --> 00:29:45,617
[Kirsch] Why did the Red Sea part?
371
00:29:45,700 --> 00:29:49,037
Some Bible scholars argue
that if it did happen
372
00:29:49,120 --> 00:29:51,581
as it's described in the Bible,
373
00:29:51,664 --> 00:29:54,417
it's because of an earthquake,
374
00:29:54,501 --> 00:29:56,211
and the earthquake opened a fissure,
375
00:29:56,294 --> 00:30:00,048
and all this water
drained away from the sea.
376
00:30:00,632 --> 00:30:03,426
And attributing it
to an incident of nature.
377
00:30:06,471 --> 00:30:09,015
That was not the intent
of the biblical author.
378
00:30:09,724 --> 00:30:11,518
The Bible makes no bones about it.
379
00:30:11,601 --> 00:30:14,270
God empowers Moses
380
00:30:14,896 --> 00:30:17,440
to raise his staff, and it's a miracle.
381
00:30:17,524 --> 00:30:19,526
[epic music playing]
382
00:30:50,932 --> 00:30:52,433
[man 1] What is happening?
383
00:30:52,517 --> 00:30:54,727
-[man 2] We won't survive!
-[man 3] We should turn around!
384
00:30:54,811 --> 00:30:56,855
[woman 1] We will be crushed by the sea!
385
00:30:57,689 --> 00:31:00,358
-[man 4] We will all be killed!
-[woman 2] Let us go back!
386
00:31:08,700 --> 00:31:11,661
Their God has no limits, Majesty.
387
00:31:12,495 --> 00:31:14,038
[Pharaoh] Ours will not accept that.
388
00:31:15,748 --> 00:31:16,833
[Moses] You see that?
389
00:31:18,376 --> 00:31:19,502
This is God.
390
00:31:20,670 --> 00:31:22,922
You see that? This is God!
391
00:31:23,756 --> 00:31:25,300
You must have faith!
392
00:31:27,802 --> 00:31:29,804
[epic music continues]
393
00:31:35,518 --> 00:31:36,519
As you'll see.
394
00:31:40,773 --> 00:31:43,818
Would you save yourself
and leave your children behind?
395
00:31:44,485 --> 00:31:46,779
No. Neither will He.
396
00:31:47,280 --> 00:31:49,824
God needs all of us.
397
00:31:50,783 --> 00:31:51,993
All of His children.
398
00:31:53,244 --> 00:31:54,287
All of us!
399
00:32:10,219 --> 00:32:12,347
Let us go back while there's time.
400
00:32:12,430 --> 00:32:14,474
We'll never make it through that alive.
401
00:32:15,558 --> 00:32:16,851
I would rather drown.
402
00:32:28,446 --> 00:32:30,448
[inspiring music playing]
403
00:32:31,574 --> 00:32:33,534
[Einhorn] There's so many
great Midrashic teachings
404
00:32:33,618 --> 00:32:35,078
related to the splitting of the sea.
405
00:32:35,161 --> 00:32:37,705
And one great teaching
is the angels looked up and said,
406
00:32:37,789 --> 00:32:39,624
"These are the people you're saving?"
407
00:32:39,707 --> 00:32:42,168
"They worshiped idols,
the Egyptians worshiped idols."
408
00:32:42,835 --> 00:32:45,088
"Humans are all garbage.
They're all the same."
409
00:32:45,713 --> 00:32:48,633
God said, "You're missing something."
They go, "What?" He goes, "Look."
410
00:32:49,634 --> 00:32:51,052
"They're walking together."
411
00:32:51,803 --> 00:32:53,096
That's the key.
412
00:32:53,763 --> 00:32:57,016
Forget whatever they did.
Everybody's gonna mess up in life.
413
00:32:57,100 --> 00:32:59,602
But as long as humans
can learn to stick together
414
00:32:59,686 --> 00:33:01,187
and to work with each other,
415
00:33:01,270 --> 00:33:02,772
that's what God's waiting for.
416
00:33:06,901 --> 00:33:10,071
[Haman] They'll perish in the sea.
It's madness to follow them!
417
00:33:11,406 --> 00:33:12,281
[Pharaoh] No.
418
00:33:16,494 --> 00:33:18,079
Their god flees!
419
00:33:18,621 --> 00:33:23,126
Do you doubt the evidence
of your own eyes?
420
00:33:23,209 --> 00:33:24,293
Majesty.
421
00:33:24,919 --> 00:33:27,588
Our children have already been taken.
422
00:33:28,339 --> 00:33:30,633
These are your best warriors.
423
00:33:32,385 --> 00:33:33,553
Prepare my chariot.
424
00:33:34,387 --> 00:33:35,221
Majesty…
425
00:33:36,222 --> 00:33:39,142
[Pharaoh] We will run them down
and kill them all.
426
00:33:49,986 --> 00:33:52,113
[narrator] "And so the children of Israel
427
00:33:52,196 --> 00:33:55,742
went into the midst of the sea
on the dry ground."
428
00:33:56,868 --> 00:33:59,537
"And the waters were a wall to them
429
00:33:59,620 --> 00:34:02,999
on their right and on their left."
430
00:34:09,255 --> 00:34:11,591
"And the Egyptians pursued."
431
00:34:11,674 --> 00:34:13,676
[dramatic music playing]
432
00:34:21,934 --> 00:34:23,936
[Egyptians soldiers chanting]
433
00:34:30,401 --> 00:34:32,403
[war horns blowing]
434
00:34:36,407 --> 00:34:37,325
Quick!
435
00:34:37,992 --> 00:34:39,660
-Go.
-No!
436
00:34:39,744 --> 00:34:40,870
Do as I say.
437
00:34:41,370 --> 00:34:42,205
Go.
438
00:34:45,666 --> 00:34:47,043
[Zipporah] Go! Quick!
439
00:34:50,254 --> 00:34:51,255
Go!
440
00:34:55,676 --> 00:34:56,677
Go!
441
00:34:58,054 --> 00:35:00,056
[dramatic music continues]
442
00:35:13,986 --> 00:35:17,115
[narrator] "Moses stretched out his hand
over the sea."
443
00:35:18,825 --> 00:35:22,370
"At daybreak,
the sea went back to its place."
444
00:35:24,956 --> 00:35:29,335
"The water flowed back
and covered the chariots and horses."
445
00:35:34,590 --> 00:35:36,717
[dramatic music fades]
446
00:35:36,801 --> 00:35:39,554
"The entire army of Pharaoh
447
00:35:39,637 --> 00:35:42,932
that had followed
the Israelites into the sea."
448
00:35:44,892 --> 00:35:47,103
"Not one of them survived."
449
00:35:47,186 --> 00:35:49,188
[melancholy music playing]
450
00:35:52,108 --> 00:35:54,235
One of my daughters,
when she was ten years old,
451
00:35:54,318 --> 00:35:57,196
came home from Sunday school,
and this was a story they read.
452
00:35:57,280 --> 00:36:02,034
The-- The Red Sea story,
and where they all die in the Red Sea.
453
00:36:02,535 --> 00:36:04,537
And, um, she was very distraught.
454
00:36:04,620 --> 00:36:07,748
She said… "Why would God do that?"
455
00:36:08,249 --> 00:36:10,251
"Aren't they God's children too?"
456
00:36:11,002 --> 00:36:14,797
And I thought to myself, "Dang, girl.
That's a really good insight right there."
457
00:36:14,881 --> 00:36:16,632
You know, why would God do that?
458
00:36:20,803 --> 00:36:23,472
[Ibrahim] So the story,
where it's told in the Qur'an,
459
00:36:23,556 --> 00:36:25,933
ends with the drowning of Pharaoh.
460
00:36:26,017 --> 00:36:27,727
When the story is told,
461
00:36:27,810 --> 00:36:32,940
he does say that, you know,
"I believe in the god of Aaron and Moses."
462
00:36:33,566 --> 00:36:35,234
But it's too late at that point.
463
00:36:37,153 --> 00:36:39,447
[Nasser] There's actually
an interesting story.
464
00:36:39,530 --> 00:36:42,783
Gabriel, one of the great, right, angels,
465
00:36:42,867 --> 00:36:48,539
he tells Muhammad that,
"There are two people I hate the most."
466
00:36:50,333 --> 00:36:52,585
"Satan and Pharaoh."
467
00:36:53,461 --> 00:36:59,592
Gabriel says that, "I was so scared
that Pharaoh would convert to Islam
468
00:36:59,675 --> 00:37:01,010
right before his death,
469
00:37:01,093 --> 00:37:03,679
I started putting mud in his mouth
470
00:37:04,805 --> 00:37:07,808
so that he wouldn't convert
to become Muslim or to believe in God."
471
00:37:14,273 --> 00:37:16,275
[Miriam singing in Hebrew]
472
00:37:53,271 --> 00:37:55,731
[Meyers] There are
among the Dead Sea Scrolls
473
00:37:55,815 --> 00:38:00,611
a short piece that's a scroll
474
00:38:00,695 --> 00:38:03,030
that's representing
part of the Book of Exodus.
475
00:38:03,114 --> 00:38:07,576
It's a damaged fragment,
but there clearly was a long song, uh,
476
00:38:07,660 --> 00:38:09,370
attributed to Miriam.
477
00:38:09,453 --> 00:38:11,455
[continues singing]
478
00:38:13,207 --> 00:38:14,834
[Meyers] This is a victory song.
479
00:38:15,668 --> 00:38:17,211
The people have escaped,
480
00:38:17,295 --> 00:38:20,715
and God is the warrior
that defeated the Egyptians
481
00:38:20,798 --> 00:38:21,841
and saved the people.
482
00:38:22,633 --> 00:38:24,635
[continues singing]
483
00:38:35,604 --> 00:38:41,444
It says, "Who is like unto you, Yahweh,
among the gods?"
484
00:38:41,527 --> 00:38:43,988
In other words,
"You're the greatest god of all."
485
00:38:47,033 --> 00:38:50,578
This is the first
important theological message
486
00:38:50,661 --> 00:38:52,997
of Jewish, Christian, Muslim tradition.
487
00:38:53,080 --> 00:38:56,083
And it comes attributed
to the mouth of a woman.
488
00:38:56,792 --> 00:38:58,794
[continues singing in Hebrew]
489
00:39:07,053 --> 00:39:07,887
Adonai.
490
00:39:10,848 --> 00:39:13,225
[Enns] Moses has saved the world
like Noah has.
491
00:39:13,893 --> 00:39:16,937
With Noah, there's the water that recedes,
492
00:39:17,021 --> 00:39:19,523
and then landing on dry land
to start over again.
493
00:39:20,232 --> 00:39:23,402
And then you have the Red Sea incident,
which is the water splits,
494
00:39:23,486 --> 00:39:25,946
the dry land is in there,
and that is life for them.
495
00:39:26,030 --> 00:39:27,490
So they get to the other side,
496
00:39:27,573 --> 00:39:29,909
so they can start
their new life as a nation.
497
00:39:29,992 --> 00:39:31,410
But they're connected.
498
00:39:31,494 --> 00:39:36,040
And I think the connection
is that when God saves,
499
00:39:36,123 --> 00:39:38,292
creation gets involved.
500
00:39:43,130 --> 00:39:44,340
My brother…
501
00:39:47,468 --> 00:39:48,469
we are free.
502
00:39:51,055 --> 00:39:51,889
We are?
503
00:39:52,515 --> 00:39:54,517
[triumphant music playing]
504
00:39:57,144 --> 00:39:58,229
[sniffles]
505
00:40:06,570 --> 00:40:09,532
[narrator] "Then Moses
led the people of Israel
506
00:40:09,615 --> 00:40:10,825
from the Red Sea,
507
00:40:10,908 --> 00:40:13,411
and they went into the Desert of Shur."
508
00:40:13,494 --> 00:40:15,704
[solemn music playing]
509
00:40:15,788 --> 00:40:20,876
"For three days they traveled
in the desert without finding water."
510
00:40:22,420 --> 00:40:25,673
[Harris] Here's this shocked,
traumatized people
511
00:40:25,756 --> 00:40:28,509
that are now in the wilderness
512
00:40:29,677 --> 00:40:33,347
and have every reason to be confused,
513
00:40:34,140 --> 00:40:36,267
frightened, uncertain.
514
00:40:38,269 --> 00:40:41,605
They very literally
don't know where they are.
515
00:40:43,983 --> 00:40:49,029
They've got plenty of experiences
demonstrating clearly to them
516
00:40:49,113 --> 00:40:53,200
that their God is real
and that their God has rescued them.
517
00:40:54,660 --> 00:40:57,746
But they're being asked to imagine forward
518
00:40:57,830 --> 00:41:01,292
into something that is beyond
what they can picture.
519
00:41:02,126 --> 00:41:04,628
[woman 1] My children haven't eaten
in three days.
520
00:41:04,712 --> 00:41:06,881
[Harris] And they're following Moses,
521
00:41:06,964 --> 00:41:09,717
but they also know
that Moses can't picture it either.
522
00:41:11,927 --> 00:41:13,596
[Moses] Give me a sign, my Lord.
523
00:41:14,763 --> 00:41:16,557
[man 1] Has he led us out here to die?
524
00:41:16,640 --> 00:41:19,685
-[woman 2] This is madness!
-[man 2] We should have stayed in Egypt.
525
00:41:22,980 --> 00:41:24,815
[Einhorn] They've been slaves
and just got free.
526
00:41:24,899 --> 00:41:27,860
Just when they thought it was over,
it's not over.
527
00:41:27,943 --> 00:41:29,403
And right there it captures it.
528
00:41:29,487 --> 00:41:30,488
That's life.
529
00:41:30,571 --> 00:41:34,408
You passed one test
and-- and you learn something from it,
530
00:41:34,492 --> 00:41:36,243
but you're not there yet.
531
00:41:36,327 --> 00:41:39,330
And the message of the Torah
is that you never arrive.
532
00:41:40,789 --> 00:41:43,000
It's more about the journey
than the destination.
533
00:41:52,551 --> 00:41:54,053
My Lord, where are you?
534
00:41:54,887 --> 00:41:56,972
My people are thirsty and starving.
535
00:42:04,188 --> 00:42:05,773
You will speak to me!
536
00:42:08,317 --> 00:42:10,319
[solemn music swells]
537
00:42:25,167 --> 00:42:27,836
The people are afraid, Moses.
538
00:42:41,392 --> 00:42:43,143
He no longer speaks to me.
539
00:42:44,436 --> 00:42:45,312
Who?
540
00:42:46,647 --> 00:42:47,773
God.
541
00:42:49,024 --> 00:42:50,109
He is gone.
542
00:42:51,944 --> 00:42:54,154
[uneasy music playing]
543
00:42:55,573 --> 00:42:56,657
Perhaps not.
544
00:42:57,491 --> 00:42:59,243
Perhaps He tests you here.
545
00:42:59,326 --> 00:43:00,995
This time is too much.
546
00:43:04,123 --> 00:43:04,957
No.
547
00:43:06,292 --> 00:43:07,126
No.
548
00:43:08,877 --> 00:43:09,712
No.
549
00:43:21,265 --> 00:43:22,433
[music distorts]
550
00:43:28,939 --> 00:43:30,649
[Yahweh] Show them the way.
551
00:43:51,337 --> 00:43:53,464
God's will we will find water today.
552
00:43:58,302 --> 00:43:59,303
We turn south.
553
00:44:01,388 --> 00:44:03,641
-Canaan is north, brother.
-I know.
554
00:44:04,266 --> 00:44:06,018
We're going south to Midian.
555
00:44:06,101 --> 00:44:07,227
To Midian?
556
00:44:07,811 --> 00:44:10,230
To the mountain
where He first spoke to me.
557
00:44:10,314 --> 00:44:12,107
We're going to the Promised Land.
558
00:44:12,191 --> 00:44:13,567
We will get there.
559
00:44:18,030 --> 00:44:19,239
How will we survive?
560
00:44:21,700 --> 00:44:23,452
What will we tell our people?
561
00:44:26,372 --> 00:44:27,498
He will provide.
562
00:44:33,128 --> 00:44:34,463
[narrator] "In the desert,
563
00:44:34,546 --> 00:44:38,300
the whole community
grumbled against Moses and Aaron."
564
00:44:39,176 --> 00:44:41,178
"The Israelites said to them,
565
00:44:41,261 --> 00:44:45,349
'If only we had died
by the Lord's hand in Egypt!'"
566
00:44:45,432 --> 00:44:50,187
"'There, we sat around pots of meat
and ate all the food we wanted.'"
567
00:44:50,771 --> 00:44:56,527
"'You have brought us out into this desert
to starve this entire assembly to death.'"
568
00:44:59,822 --> 00:45:01,824
[Einhorn] The road is long.
The challenges are many.
569
00:45:01,907 --> 00:45:04,576
And you see this tiredness
that happens with the people
570
00:45:04,660 --> 00:45:07,955
where they get snappy, and you wonder,
"How could they be so ungrateful?"
571
00:45:08,038 --> 00:45:09,957
"Didn't they see
everything that happened?"
572
00:45:10,040 --> 00:45:13,127
You're saying that when you walked out
of this air-conditioning room.
573
00:45:13,210 --> 00:45:15,045
These people
have been suffering, being saved,
574
00:45:15,129 --> 00:45:16,213
suffering and being saved.
575
00:45:16,296 --> 00:45:18,716
They were broken at so many points,
576
00:45:18,799 --> 00:45:21,301
and it'd be stranger
if they didn't complain.
577
00:45:36,066 --> 00:45:38,068
[exciting music playing]
578
00:45:39,403 --> 00:45:40,529
[narrator] "In the morning
579
00:45:40,612 --> 00:45:43,282
there was a layer of dew around the camp."
580
00:45:44,616 --> 00:45:46,368
"When the dew was gone,
581
00:45:46,452 --> 00:45:51,165
thin flakes like frost on the ground
appeared on the desert floor."
582
00:45:53,167 --> 00:45:58,547
"The Lord said, 'I will rain down bread
from heaven for you.'"
583
00:46:02,301 --> 00:46:04,970
[Kirsch] The Israelites complain
that they're hungry,
584
00:46:05,053 --> 00:46:10,017
and God performs a miracle
by sending down manna from heaven.
585
00:46:11,518 --> 00:46:13,520
Scientists have told us
586
00:46:13,604 --> 00:46:17,191
that there is a species of plant lice
587
00:46:17,274 --> 00:46:20,235
that feed on the tamarisk tree,
588
00:46:20,319 --> 00:46:22,279
which is present in Sinai.
589
00:46:22,362 --> 00:46:26,533
And they exude a resinous substance
590
00:46:26,617 --> 00:46:30,120
that's sweet to the taste
and white in appearance.
591
00:46:34,041 --> 00:46:35,584
It's on the plants.
592
00:46:36,210 --> 00:46:39,046
It can be gathered, dried,
made into bread.
593
00:46:43,008 --> 00:46:44,134
He has spoken.
594
00:46:46,595 --> 00:46:50,390
In the Sinai experience,
or the wilderness experience,
595
00:46:51,016 --> 00:46:51,975
uh… [chuckles]
596
00:46:52,810 --> 00:46:54,937
…I think we see the maternal side of God
597
00:46:55,771 --> 00:46:59,942
because women were the ones
who changed agricultural materials
598
00:47:00,025 --> 00:47:01,819
into edible form.
599
00:47:02,569 --> 00:47:04,947
See, brother? A sign.
600
00:47:07,616 --> 00:47:11,411
We have God the warrior
in the signs and wonders,
601
00:47:11,495 --> 00:47:13,372
and fighting the Pharaoh's armies.
602
00:47:13,455 --> 00:47:18,168
And now, um, metaphorically, at least,
we have God the mother, providing.
603
00:47:21,421 --> 00:47:22,673
[man] Stop!
604
00:47:22,756 --> 00:47:24,758
[people clamoring angrily]
605
00:47:26,009 --> 00:47:28,220
[Zipporah] I said, stop!
This is not the way!
606
00:47:28,303 --> 00:47:30,055
-[man] Let it go! Stop!
-[Zipporah] Stop!
607
00:47:30,138 --> 00:47:32,599
[clamor continues]
608
00:47:32,683 --> 00:47:34,893
[man 2] Selfish. Selfish man.
609
00:47:36,186 --> 00:47:37,145
[Zipporah] Back!
610
00:47:38,272 --> 00:47:39,314
Stop it!
611
00:47:40,941 --> 00:47:42,067
[woman] How dare you?
612
00:47:42,150 --> 00:47:45,946
David and Amram have been hoarding.
Now there's not enough to go around.
613
00:47:48,073 --> 00:47:49,199
Took it to barter.
614
00:47:51,076 --> 00:47:53,120
It's good for two days, no more.
615
00:47:58,375 --> 00:48:01,587
God blessed us with His bounty,
and this is how you repay Him?
616
00:48:06,967 --> 00:48:09,303
Throw them out.
Let them fend for themselves.
617
00:48:12,306 --> 00:48:15,517
No, stop! Stop. Stop. Stop.
618
00:48:16,518 --> 00:48:17,394
Do as I say.
619
00:48:17,477 --> 00:48:19,271
[Zipporah sighing]
620
00:48:19,354 --> 00:48:21,523
Anger has undone you before.
621
00:48:22,649 --> 00:48:24,902
God has been compassionate.
622
00:48:25,402 --> 00:48:26,862
Let us be too.
623
00:48:33,911 --> 00:48:35,329
She's right, brother.
624
00:48:37,164 --> 00:48:38,582
What would He want from us?
625
00:48:39,082 --> 00:48:40,500
How can you ask me that,
626
00:48:41,376 --> 00:48:43,378
when it's all my heart has ever sought?
627
00:48:43,462 --> 00:48:45,380
Then let your mind seek it too.
628
00:48:56,475 --> 00:48:57,684
[Einhorn] You cannot learn
629
00:48:57,768 --> 00:49:00,354
until you nullify
everything you've learned before.
630
00:49:01,021 --> 00:49:03,857
So to me, the wilderness is not
about a place of predatory animals.
631
00:49:03,941 --> 00:49:05,943
It's a space of nil.
632
00:49:07,110 --> 00:49:10,113
It's-- It's nothing.
There's nothing there.
633
00:49:10,197 --> 00:49:13,283
Are there enemies? Are there threats?
Yes, there's gonna be all that.
634
00:49:13,367 --> 00:49:14,534
But that's not the point.
635
00:49:14,618 --> 00:49:18,372
The point is that the lesson and values
of what I need to teach you,
636
00:49:18,455 --> 00:49:19,998
it cannot happen in Egypt.
637
00:49:20,082 --> 00:49:21,208
Too much history there.
638
00:49:21,291 --> 00:49:23,293
Can't happen in Israel. Too much to build.
639
00:49:24,294 --> 00:49:26,213
And I think that's what the wilderness is.
640
00:49:26,713 --> 00:49:28,090
Children of Israel.
641
00:49:29,299 --> 00:49:32,260
For five days,
we gather food every morning.
642
00:49:33,303 --> 00:49:35,180
Only what we need for that day.
643
00:49:38,725 --> 00:49:40,018
And on the sixth day…
644
00:49:42,521 --> 00:49:46,441
on the sixth day we gather enough
so we can rest on the seventh.
645
00:49:49,486 --> 00:49:53,031
We were made in God's image.
646
00:49:53,699 --> 00:49:55,909
And on the seventh day, we rest. Yes?
647
00:49:55,993 --> 00:49:56,827
Yes.
648
00:49:57,577 --> 00:49:58,578
Yes.
649
00:50:02,958 --> 00:50:03,792
A holy day.
650
00:50:09,589 --> 00:50:10,507
A day…
651
00:50:12,592 --> 00:50:15,095
to remind ourselves
of how much we owe Him.
652
00:50:21,768 --> 00:50:22,853
Let this be law.
653
00:50:23,895 --> 00:50:26,815
The Sabbath is
a really interesting institution,
654
00:50:26,898 --> 00:50:30,610
as we think about the ancient
Israelites and the biblical world.
655
00:50:30,694 --> 00:50:33,488
As far as we know,
there is nothing like it
656
00:50:33,572 --> 00:50:36,324
in any of the other cultures
around ancient Israel.
657
00:50:36,408 --> 00:50:40,287
So in that sense, I guess we could
call it an Israelite invention.
658
00:50:43,206 --> 00:50:47,085
[Enns] The first reference to Sabbath
is in Exodus 16,
659
00:50:47,169 --> 00:50:49,629
with the "Gathering of the manna."
660
00:50:49,713 --> 00:50:53,967
Like on the day-- the sixth day,
gather twice as much.
661
00:50:54,051 --> 00:50:58,346
And rest on the seventh day
just like God did.
662
00:51:01,183 --> 00:51:02,601
[Einhorn] There's a phrase we use.
663
00:51:02,684 --> 00:51:06,188
"More than the Jews have kept the Sabbath,
the Sabbath has kept the Jews."
664
00:51:06,271 --> 00:51:08,815
This is exactly
what the people needed at that point.
665
00:51:08,899 --> 00:51:11,610
God, through Moses,
needed to declare a point where he says,
666
00:51:11,693 --> 00:51:13,320
"Just stop. No more labor."
667
00:51:13,403 --> 00:51:15,405
"Take stock of what you have,
count your blessings."
668
00:51:15,489 --> 00:51:18,700
"If you'd be present and realize
there's nothing wrong in the moment,
669
00:51:19,284 --> 00:51:20,160
we can make it."
670
00:51:21,119 --> 00:51:22,788
[dramatic music playing]
671
00:51:23,705 --> 00:51:27,042
[narrator] Having survived starvation
and the wrath of Pharaoh,
672
00:51:27,542 --> 00:51:33,006
the Israelites soon face a new enemy
on the journey south to Mount Sinai.
673
00:51:37,260 --> 00:51:38,303
We're not alone.
674
00:51:38,386 --> 00:51:39,721
[distant horses neighing]
675
00:51:43,558 --> 00:51:44,851
Desert people.
676
00:51:45,519 --> 00:51:46,895
This is their land.
677
00:51:50,690 --> 00:51:57,030
Many of the people of the ancient
Near East were not Israelites,
678
00:51:57,114 --> 00:51:59,241
and were enemies of the Israelites.
679
00:51:59,783 --> 00:52:03,495
A good example is the Amalekites.
680
00:52:06,248 --> 00:52:07,749
[screaming]
681
00:52:10,293 --> 00:52:12,963
Go! Go! Go! Moses!
682
00:52:14,923 --> 00:52:15,924
Bandits!
683
00:52:16,842 --> 00:52:18,593
They crept up on us in the dark.
684
00:52:18,677 --> 00:52:20,846
We fought them off,
but there were too many of them.
685
00:52:20,929 --> 00:52:22,430
Women and children were taken.
686
00:52:23,598 --> 00:52:24,683
I need more men.
687
00:52:27,602 --> 00:52:30,397
Amalekites. Slave traders.
688
00:52:32,065 --> 00:52:33,900
We camp here. Give the order.
689
00:52:34,484 --> 00:52:36,153
Let's get our people back.
690
00:52:42,200 --> 00:52:43,451
[thunder rumbling]
691
00:52:46,830 --> 00:52:48,456
[women exclaiming faintly]
692
00:52:48,540 --> 00:52:50,542
[tense music playing]
693
00:52:59,551 --> 00:53:01,970
[Joshua softly] Quickly.
Quickly into position.
694
00:53:07,851 --> 00:53:13,023
[Enns] So the Israelites, did they leave
with swords and shields and arrows,
695
00:53:13,106 --> 00:53:17,444
and like, how could they wage war
against the Amalekites?
696
00:53:18,445 --> 00:53:21,156
This is actually
a very ancient Jewish midrash
697
00:53:21,239 --> 00:53:25,243
that says basically they picked clean
698
00:53:25,827 --> 00:53:28,997
the Egyptian soldiers
who died in the Red Sea,
699
00:53:29,080 --> 00:53:31,082
and their bodies
were washed up on the shore,
700
00:53:31,166 --> 00:53:32,834
and they pilfered their stuff.
701
00:53:32,918 --> 00:53:36,296
Which is a great answer.
It's not what the Bible says.
702
00:53:36,379 --> 00:53:40,008
The Bible says nothing,
but you wonder, "How did this happen?"
703
00:53:40,091 --> 00:53:41,593
[dramatic music playing]
704
00:53:41,676 --> 00:53:42,928
My Lord…
705
00:53:46,223 --> 00:53:48,016
lead your children to victory.
706
00:53:51,895 --> 00:53:53,355
[thunder cracks]
707
00:53:53,438 --> 00:53:57,442
[Adelman] God says,
"I brought you out of Egypt
708
00:53:57,525 --> 00:54:03,031
with an outstretched arm
and a strong hand."
709
00:54:04,574 --> 00:54:06,576
[men shouting]
710
00:54:10,664 --> 00:54:14,459
And Moses' arms are doing exactly that.
711
00:54:14,542 --> 00:54:15,919
[high-pitched ringing]
712
00:54:16,002 --> 00:54:17,921
[shouting]
713
00:54:21,091 --> 00:54:23,468
[Adelman] He functions as a symbol.
714
00:54:23,551 --> 00:54:25,053
As a conduit.
715
00:54:27,973 --> 00:54:29,391
[woman] Joshua!
716
00:54:29,474 --> 00:54:30,392
We're over here.
717
00:54:31,351 --> 00:54:32,227
They're here!
718
00:54:34,312 --> 00:54:38,400
And as long as their eyes
are cast towards heaven,
719
00:54:38,483 --> 00:54:40,819
then they succeed in battle.
720
00:54:42,445 --> 00:54:44,030
[Joshua] Hurry, stay close to me.
721
00:54:45,782 --> 00:54:48,076
[Adelman] And if they don't,
then they fail.
722
00:54:49,369 --> 00:54:50,203
Quickly!
723
00:54:52,664 --> 00:54:54,374
[narrator] Moses grows weary.
724
00:54:56,251 --> 00:54:58,295
[music ends abruptly]
725
00:54:59,796 --> 00:55:01,423
[men shouting in distance]
726
00:55:01,506 --> 00:55:03,883
But his arms remain steady.
727
00:55:03,967 --> 00:55:05,969
[cheering]
728
00:55:07,137 --> 00:55:08,888
[triumphant music playing]
729
00:55:08,972 --> 00:55:10,307
[ululating]
730
00:55:13,810 --> 00:55:17,397
The Israelites
emerge victorious from the fight.
731
00:55:31,870 --> 00:55:33,872
[upbeat music playing]
732
00:55:50,388 --> 00:55:52,515
[clamoring]
733
00:56:01,524 --> 00:56:04,778
-Aaron, what is it?
-They're fighting over spoils.
734
00:56:05,362 --> 00:56:08,948
Enough! Enough! Enough!
735
00:56:10,450 --> 00:56:13,912
The next man who strikes a blow dies!
736
00:56:16,498 --> 00:56:17,499
Dies!
737
00:56:19,459 --> 00:56:21,086
[solemn music rising]
738
00:56:21,169 --> 00:56:23,171
Remember who we are!
739
00:56:28,385 --> 00:56:29,511
A nation!
740
00:56:30,762 --> 00:56:32,972
A nation of the faithful!
741
00:56:35,934 --> 00:56:36,851
Move!
742
00:57:01,126 --> 00:57:02,961
[sighing]
743
00:57:03,044 --> 00:57:04,712
How do I lead such a people?
744
00:57:05,213 --> 00:57:06,881
Walk with them in love.
745
00:57:07,966 --> 00:57:09,551
And if I don't find it?
746
00:57:09,634 --> 00:57:11,553
Then the fault lies with you.
747
00:57:14,305 --> 00:57:16,891
Love was torn from us
as children, remember?
748
00:57:19,060 --> 00:57:19,936
[Miriam scoffs]
749
00:57:20,895 --> 00:57:23,940
Love alone would have never taken us
out of Egypt.
750
00:57:25,316 --> 00:57:27,694
[solemn music playing]
751
00:57:39,998 --> 00:57:44,127
The wandering in the wilderness story
is basically about this ragtag group of…
752
00:57:45,670 --> 00:57:51,176
deeply traumatized and scarred
and dysfunctional freed slaves,
753
00:57:51,968 --> 00:57:53,928
uh, stumbling through.
754
00:57:54,012 --> 00:57:56,014
[rousing music playing]
755
00:57:56,723 --> 00:57:59,851
[Kang] Part of the lesson is,
God may give you a vision.
756
00:57:59,934 --> 00:58:01,603
God may give you a dream.
757
00:58:03,146 --> 00:58:06,524
More often than not,
it's not gonna actually materialize
758
00:58:06,608 --> 00:58:08,735
the way that you want it to,
759
00:58:08,818 --> 00:58:10,612
but it'll be something better.
760
00:58:13,698 --> 00:58:15,992
People of God
were expecting the Promised Land,
761
00:58:16,075 --> 00:58:18,495
and they thought
they got an express ticket.
762
00:58:18,578 --> 00:58:19,412
But no.
763
00:58:19,496 --> 00:58:23,791
There are things that need
to be worked on the inside, uh,
764
00:58:23,875 --> 00:58:26,628
before I take you to the outside places.
765
00:58:28,963 --> 00:58:32,717
Israel moves from one form of servitude
to another form of servitude,
766
00:58:32,800 --> 00:58:34,219
which is to Yahweh.
767
00:58:34,302 --> 00:58:38,264
The goal of the Exodus story
is not, "Be free."
768
00:58:40,308 --> 00:58:42,894
It's, "Go to the mountain to worship God."
769
00:58:47,190 --> 00:58:49,776
"Get the Commandments to get the law
770
00:58:49,859 --> 00:58:52,612
so you know how to act
and so you know how to worship."
771
00:58:54,864 --> 00:58:57,951
They still have
the spiritual struggle to endure.
772
00:58:58,034 --> 00:59:00,119
Even though they've been
politically liberated,
773
00:59:00,203 --> 00:59:03,498
they still have the task
of being spiritually liberated.
774
00:59:07,752 --> 00:59:09,754
[excited chatter]
775
00:59:20,306 --> 00:59:23,226
I've come to speak with Him.
To find Him again.
776
00:59:26,729 --> 00:59:28,982
[Jethro] I have seen you this way before.
777
00:59:32,318 --> 00:59:34,445
I cannot lead my people without God.
778
00:59:36,781 --> 00:59:40,159
How do I walk with them and search for Him
at one and the same time?
779
00:59:44,414 --> 00:59:45,540
Many years ago,
780
00:59:46,499 --> 00:59:48,293
you took my sheep to pasture
781
00:59:49,419 --> 00:59:52,297
so I could be free
and attend to my people.
782
00:59:52,380 --> 00:59:54,382
[soothing music playing]
783
00:59:55,174 --> 00:59:57,051
You were a good servant.
784
00:59:58,595 --> 01:00:00,013
You have servants too.
785
01:00:01,598 --> 01:00:04,851
Choose them wisely. Use them.
786
01:00:06,269 --> 01:00:10,898
And then you may go to Him
in good conscience
787
01:00:11,691 --> 01:00:12,942
and ask for his help.
788
01:00:14,485 --> 01:00:16,321
[Harris] Jethro shows up again.
789
01:00:16,404 --> 01:00:19,699
And then he watches Moses
conducting business
790
01:00:19,782 --> 01:00:23,828
and receiving all of these
different people who have disputes,
791
01:00:23,911 --> 01:00:26,623
and Moses is the only judge and jury.
792
01:00:26,706 --> 01:00:30,918
And Jethro sees him doing this,
and Jethro tells him,
793
01:00:31,002 --> 01:00:33,212
"You can't carry on like this."
794
01:00:33,296 --> 01:00:35,465
"You're going to burn yourself out."
795
01:00:35,548 --> 01:00:38,217
And then Jethro says to him,
"Here's what you need to do."
796
01:00:38,301 --> 01:00:41,429
And he describes to him
how to set up a system of courts.
797
01:00:41,512 --> 01:00:43,973
Jethro is, in my view,
798
01:00:44,766 --> 01:00:46,893
this wonderful example
799
01:00:46,976 --> 01:00:50,980
of how somebody who is not Jewish
800
01:00:51,064 --> 01:00:53,733
brings the best ideas
801
01:00:53,816 --> 01:00:58,613
and insights of his religious
traditions to help.
802
01:00:59,280 --> 01:01:03,743
And Moses is smart enough
to accept the wisdom,
803
01:01:03,826 --> 01:01:07,372
even though it comes
from a different culture.
804
01:01:09,666 --> 01:01:10,792
[Moses] It's still here.
805
01:01:20,593 --> 01:01:22,095
The story of our life.
806
01:01:24,889 --> 01:01:25,932
[sighs heavily]
807
01:01:26,808 --> 01:01:28,351
How does it end, I wonder?
808
01:01:31,938 --> 01:01:33,272
[thunder rumbling]
809
01:01:34,899 --> 01:01:36,651
I must go and seek his help.
810
01:01:38,528 --> 01:01:39,487
You will.
811
01:02:00,007 --> 01:02:03,219
Tell the story to our children
so they understand.
812
01:02:06,973 --> 01:02:07,807
Go.
813
01:02:17,984 --> 01:02:24,073
[narrator] Once again, Moses ascends
the great mountain to speak with God.
814
01:02:30,913 --> 01:02:32,915
[thunder rumbling]
815
01:02:37,128 --> 01:02:41,299
"There was thunder and lightning
with a thick cloud over the mountain."
816
01:02:43,009 --> 01:02:45,678
"Mount Sinai was covered with smoke
817
01:02:45,762 --> 01:02:49,098
because the Lord
descended on him in fire."
818
01:02:50,308 --> 01:02:54,061
"The smoke billowed up from it
like smoke from a furnace,
819
01:02:54,145 --> 01:02:58,191
and the whole mountain
trembled violently."
820
01:02:58,858 --> 01:03:00,359
[wind howling]
821
01:03:00,443 --> 01:03:02,445
[thunder cracking]
822
01:03:11,037 --> 01:03:12,121
Where are you?
823
01:03:14,624 --> 01:03:16,876
I came all this way to find you!
824
01:03:18,795 --> 01:03:20,046
Speak to me!
825
01:03:23,800 --> 01:03:25,301
Are you finished with me?
826
01:03:26,260 --> 01:03:27,845
I'm not finished with you!
827
01:03:29,722 --> 01:03:30,848
Do you hear me?
828
01:03:43,194 --> 01:03:44,904
I don't know what to do, God.
829
01:03:46,739 --> 01:03:48,282
I don't know where to go.
830
01:03:49,033 --> 01:03:50,326
I'm lost without you.
831
01:03:56,958 --> 01:03:59,752
[Yahweh] I bore you on eagles' wings
832
01:03:59,836 --> 01:04:01,629
and brought you to myself.
833
01:04:02,338 --> 01:04:05,842
If you will obey my voice
and keep my covenant,
834
01:04:05,925 --> 01:04:11,305
then you shall be to me
a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.
835
01:04:12,390 --> 01:04:16,561
These are the words which
you shall speak to the children of Israel.
836
01:04:21,732 --> 01:04:23,192
[narrator] Weeks pass.
837
01:04:26,070 --> 01:04:30,867
The Israelites wait in the shadow
of Mount Sinai for Moses' return.
838
01:04:32,243 --> 01:04:34,245
[uneasy music playing]
839
01:04:49,093 --> 01:04:51,470
For 40 days and nights he has been gone.
840
01:04:54,599 --> 01:04:55,683
He will return.
841
01:05:08,863 --> 01:05:11,282
[Einhorn] These are a people
who live with so much uncertainty.
842
01:05:11,365 --> 01:05:14,327
For the first time, their leader
is not in front of their face.
843
01:05:14,410 --> 01:05:15,995
The person who's taken them out,
844
01:05:16,078 --> 01:05:18,539
who has served really
as the father of the nation,
845
01:05:19,206 --> 01:05:20,333
he's not there.
846
01:05:20,416 --> 01:05:22,877
And they look up,
and there's this experience
847
01:05:22,960 --> 01:05:25,796
that is so awesome and-- and so scary.
848
01:05:25,880 --> 01:05:28,841
When you don't know where tomorrow…
or how you're gonna survive,
849
01:05:28,925 --> 01:05:30,635
or what's gonna happen going forward,
850
01:05:30,718 --> 01:05:32,970
that's when you could do
a lot of bad stuff.
851
01:05:33,054 --> 01:05:35,056
[unsettling music playing]
852
01:05:44,649 --> 01:05:45,733
[Aaron] What's this?
853
01:05:46,776 --> 01:05:50,321
We need a god who others recognize.
854
01:05:50,404 --> 01:05:52,448
A god like other gods.
855
01:05:52,531 --> 01:05:54,116
We have Egyptian gold.
856
01:05:54,951 --> 01:05:58,746
Before we leave, we will melt it down
and make a god that will protect us.
857
01:05:58,829 --> 01:06:00,289
Moses has protected us.
858
01:06:03,042 --> 01:06:06,295
Do you truly believe
your brother is still alive?
859
01:06:09,298 --> 01:06:10,341
Do you?
860
01:06:20,393 --> 01:06:22,228
You are the firstborn brother.
861
01:06:24,313 --> 01:06:26,649
It is time to reclaim your position.
862
01:06:35,282 --> 01:06:37,660
[music swells]
863
01:06:46,502 --> 01:06:48,462
[Moses hammering chisel]
864
01:06:57,638 --> 01:06:59,473
[narrator] "And Aaron said to them,
865
01:06:59,557 --> 01:07:03,978
'Break off the golden earrings
which are in the ears of your wives,
866
01:07:04,061 --> 01:07:07,773
your sons, and your daughters,
and bring them to me.'"
867
01:07:12,194 --> 01:07:15,406
"And he received the gold from their hand,
868
01:07:15,489 --> 01:07:18,492
and he fashioned it with an engraving tool
869
01:07:18,993 --> 01:07:21,162
and made a molded calf."
870
01:07:25,374 --> 01:07:29,545
Remember, it is the disobedience
that causes the plagues back in Egypt.
871
01:07:29,628 --> 01:07:33,132
But it's the disobedience of the people
on the other side of the wilderness
872
01:07:33,215 --> 01:07:35,384
where they construct this god…
873
01:07:36,427 --> 01:07:39,972
It's that disobedience
that caused them to take a journey
874
01:07:40,056 --> 01:07:42,641
that should not have been
any more than ten days
875
01:07:42,725 --> 01:07:44,560
to last 40 years.
876
01:07:53,903 --> 01:07:58,574
[Kirsch] Aaron, who is Moses' own brother
and the high priest of Israel,
877
01:07:58,657 --> 01:08:00,951
he's the one who makes the golden calf
878
01:08:01,035 --> 01:08:04,288
because he feels, uh, threatened
879
01:08:04,371 --> 01:08:08,292
by the uproar among the Israelites.
880
01:08:08,375 --> 01:08:12,755
So just to calm them down,
he makes them this god.
881
01:08:14,006 --> 01:08:16,008
[men hammering]
882
01:08:20,846 --> 01:08:21,764
[grunts]
883
01:08:25,184 --> 01:08:27,186
[dramatic music playing]
884
01:08:27,978 --> 01:08:31,315
Famously, Moses descends from Sinai
885
01:08:31,398 --> 01:08:35,319
at the very moment they're offering
worship to the golden calf.
886
01:08:37,530 --> 01:08:39,657
It's heartbreaking.
887
01:08:39,740 --> 01:08:41,742
[panting]
888
01:08:49,250 --> 01:08:50,126
It's Moses.
889
01:08:50,209 --> 01:08:52,419
[Israelites murmuring]
890
01:08:52,503 --> 01:08:54,421
[music swells]
891
01:08:54,505 --> 01:08:56,006
-Moses!
-Moses!
892
01:08:57,883 --> 01:08:59,135
Moses!
893
01:08:59,635 --> 01:09:00,636
Moses!
894
01:09:16,068 --> 01:09:16,902
[Miriam] Moses.
895
01:09:36,046 --> 01:09:36,922
Nothing.
896
01:09:38,716 --> 01:09:40,342
All for nothing.
897
01:10:02,990 --> 01:10:05,993
Moses, he's so appalled and so outraged,
898
01:10:06,076 --> 01:10:10,372
he takes the two tablets on which
the Ten Commandments have been written
899
01:10:10,956 --> 01:10:12,166
and smashes them.
900
01:10:12,833 --> 01:10:14,460
Anger control issues.
901
01:10:14,543 --> 01:10:18,172
That is a theme
that you see throughout Moses' life.
902
01:10:20,466 --> 01:10:24,678
[Harris] This struggle with anger
is something that we can learn a lot from.
903
01:10:26,347 --> 01:10:30,809
Moses is somebody
who loses his cool, lashes out,
904
01:10:31,435 --> 01:10:36,774
and then has to figure out
how to pick up the pieces again.
905
01:10:41,070 --> 01:10:41,904
Help me.
906
01:10:59,129 --> 01:11:00,047
What are they?
907
01:11:06,428 --> 01:11:07,388
[Moses] The answer.
908
01:11:09,765 --> 01:11:11,100
He answered my call.
909
01:11:13,894 --> 01:11:16,021
And he gave me his greatest gift.
910
01:11:19,275 --> 01:11:20,150
His laws.
911
01:11:23,779 --> 01:11:24,613
And you…
912
01:11:27,074 --> 01:11:29,285
all of you broke my heart.
913
01:11:33,664 --> 01:11:34,873
So I broke them too.
914
01:11:36,625 --> 01:11:38,711
To change days past…
915
01:11:40,796 --> 01:11:42,548
one needs forgiveness.
916
01:11:43,674 --> 01:11:44,633
Remember?
917
01:11:45,426 --> 01:11:46,385
Leave me.
918
01:11:50,014 --> 01:11:50,973
Now.
919
01:12:10,868 --> 01:12:12,870
[whispering] What have I done, my Lord?
920
01:12:16,415 --> 01:12:17,374
Go away.
921
01:12:23,213 --> 01:12:24,214
My Lord.
922
01:12:28,844 --> 01:12:30,471
I have failed you, my Lord.
923
01:12:31,347 --> 01:12:32,806
[Yahweh] It is time.
924
01:12:33,640 --> 01:12:36,852
I let loose a flood once
and spared only Noah.
925
01:12:37,353 --> 01:12:41,273
I could let loose fire this time
and spare only you.
926
01:12:41,357 --> 01:12:44,193
To burn them? Burn them all?
927
01:12:45,486 --> 01:12:46,612
But my Lord,
928
01:12:47,988 --> 01:12:51,658
we might have gone to the Promised Land
if you had not led me this way.
929
01:12:52,868 --> 01:12:56,830
-None of this would have happened.
-What point in reaching the Promised Land
930
01:12:56,914 --> 01:12:59,041
if you do not know how to live there?
931
01:12:59,750 --> 01:13:02,836
You may have freedom,
but you cannot keep it without truth.
932
01:13:04,213 --> 01:13:05,881
We will begin anew.
933
01:13:05,964 --> 01:13:06,965
No!
934
01:13:08,634 --> 01:13:11,845
Forgive them. Forgive us. Forgive me.
935
01:13:13,806 --> 01:13:14,640
Forgive.
936
01:13:27,277 --> 01:13:28,570
[Enns] Once again, God's had it.
937
01:13:28,654 --> 01:13:32,116
"I'm gonna kill everybody,
and I'll just start over with you."
938
01:13:32,199 --> 01:13:33,992
And Moses talks him out of it.
939
01:13:34,076 --> 01:13:38,205
Like, that's rash. Think about this.
What will the Egyptians say?
940
01:13:38,288 --> 01:13:40,499
You brought us out
into the desert just to kill us?
941
01:13:40,582 --> 01:13:42,209
[grave music playing]
942
01:13:55,097 --> 01:13:56,181
Let him go.
943
01:13:59,184 --> 01:14:00,561
They rebelled against you.
944
01:14:01,854 --> 01:14:02,688
Against God.
945
01:14:02,771 --> 01:14:03,897
Let them go.
946
01:14:05,732 --> 01:14:06,942
They deserve to die.
947
01:14:09,069 --> 01:14:11,321
We should make them
an example to the others.
948
01:14:11,405 --> 01:14:13,866
You should not commit murder.
949
01:14:15,284 --> 01:14:16,368
This is the law.
950
01:14:16,994 --> 01:14:17,870
What law?
951
01:14:20,706 --> 01:14:22,791
The one I destroyed. Let him go.
952
01:14:41,602 --> 01:14:43,520
Recite the laws to us, Moses.
953
01:14:44,605 --> 01:14:46,565
Let us recite them to one another
954
01:14:47,858 --> 01:14:49,651
until we no longer need to.
955
01:14:53,071 --> 01:14:55,073
Because the laws will be written in us.
956
01:14:59,286 --> 01:15:04,458
You should not make any graven images.
957
01:15:09,505 --> 01:15:12,758
You should not have another God before me.
958
01:15:17,804 --> 01:15:21,475
You should not take the name
of the Lord thy God in vain.
959
01:15:33,904 --> 01:15:35,239
You shall not covet.
960
01:15:45,332 --> 01:15:46,500
You should not…
961
01:16:06,270 --> 01:16:10,440
What really alienated
the children of Israel in the wilderness
962
01:16:10,524 --> 01:16:11,858
was the lack of covenant.
963
01:16:11,942 --> 01:16:15,988
And the reason they remained
in the wilderness as long as they did
964
01:16:16,071 --> 01:16:17,573
was to seal the covenant.
965
01:16:18,323 --> 01:16:22,953
God could have taken them to Canaan land
at any point, but they were not ready.
966
01:16:28,000 --> 01:16:29,918
[Moses] Remember the Sabbath day
967
01:16:31,336 --> 01:16:32,629
and keep it holy.
968
01:16:34,006 --> 01:16:35,882
Honor your father and mother.
969
01:16:38,093 --> 01:16:41,179
You shall not commit adultery.
970
01:16:49,229 --> 01:16:51,940
You shall not bear false witness.
971
01:16:52,024 --> 01:16:55,068
[Meyers] The Bible never uses
the word "commandments."
972
01:16:55,152 --> 01:16:58,238
It does say ten, but there are ten things,
973
01:16:58,322 --> 01:17:01,950
ten d'varim, ten issues, ten precepts.
974
01:17:02,034 --> 01:17:08,248
The first five deal with
the human relationship to God.
975
01:17:08,332 --> 01:17:10,459
You shall have no other gods before me.
976
01:17:10,959 --> 01:17:13,587
You should not take
the name of God in vain.
977
01:17:13,670 --> 01:17:16,798
The last five commandments are social.
978
01:17:16,882 --> 01:17:20,677
They're about people
getting along with each other,
979
01:17:20,761 --> 01:17:22,304
doing right by each other.
980
01:17:23,013 --> 01:17:28,393
You shall not covet your neighbor's house
or anything that is your neighbor's.
981
01:17:28,477 --> 01:17:30,729
[Einhorn] God says,
"You cannot be left without structure."
982
01:17:30,812 --> 01:17:33,482
"That's not the point.
I didn't take you out to become nothing."
983
01:17:33,565 --> 01:17:35,275
"I took you out to become something."
984
01:17:35,359 --> 01:17:38,820
"And therefore these laws
are the beginning of a moral code
985
01:17:38,904 --> 01:17:41,239
that is going to revolutionize
the entire world."
986
01:17:48,497 --> 01:17:50,499
[ethereal music rising]
987
01:17:53,001 --> 01:17:53,835
[Moses] Mother?
988
01:18:09,893 --> 01:18:12,062
[echoing] Why are you sad, Moses?
989
01:18:16,608 --> 01:18:18,110
For all I've done wrong.
990
01:18:24,116 --> 01:18:26,785
For all I still have left to do.
991
01:18:28,078 --> 01:18:29,579
You have done well.
992
01:18:30,122 --> 01:18:32,457
[women ululating]
993
01:18:36,503 --> 01:18:40,173
You brought them out of Egypt
as God asked you to.
994
01:18:42,676 --> 01:18:45,721
You gave them laws to live by.
995
01:18:48,849 --> 01:18:50,308
You gave them life.
996
01:18:58,191 --> 01:18:59,901
What more
997
01:19:01,486 --> 01:19:04,072
would you ask of yourself?
998
01:19:06,324 --> 01:19:09,870
I must lead them to the Promised Land.
999
01:19:12,372 --> 01:19:14,458
They will get there on their own.
1000
01:19:17,461 --> 01:19:18,295
Without you.
1001
01:19:22,591 --> 01:19:25,635
[Enns] The three big players
in this story,
1002
01:19:25,719 --> 01:19:27,304
Moses, Aaron, and Miriam,
1003
01:19:27,929 --> 01:19:32,809
um, they don't make it
to the Promised Land.
1004
01:19:35,395 --> 01:19:36,563
Come.
1005
01:19:39,316 --> 01:19:42,694
[Kirsch] The single most poignant
and tragic moment, I would argue,
1006
01:19:42,778 --> 01:19:45,572
in all of the Bible is that Moses,
1007
01:19:45,655 --> 01:19:48,533
who has been charged with God
1008
01:19:48,617 --> 01:19:53,205
to perform this difficult, dangerous task,
1009
01:19:53,288 --> 01:19:57,292
led the Israelites
through the desert for 40 years
1010
01:19:57,375 --> 01:20:02,339
and faithfully performs
that task to completion,
1011
01:20:03,215 --> 01:20:08,011
but is not allowed to join the children
of Israel in the Promised Land.
1012
01:20:09,596 --> 01:20:10,764
It's heartbreaking.
1013
01:20:14,100 --> 01:20:15,393
Look, Moses.
1014
01:20:18,897 --> 01:20:19,898
There it is.
1015
01:20:21,358 --> 01:20:26,238
The denial of Moses
to enter the Promised Land
1016
01:20:26,321 --> 01:20:29,282
resonates with me
in a contemporary fashion
1017
01:20:29,366 --> 01:20:32,369
in the life of Martin Luther King, Jr.
1018
01:20:34,412 --> 01:20:39,000
The night before he died,
he echoed the sentiments of Moses.
1019
01:20:39,084 --> 01:20:42,254
He said, "I've been to the mountaintop."
1020
01:20:42,337 --> 01:20:44,005
"I've seen the Promised Land."
1021
01:20:44,089 --> 01:20:46,633
"I may not get there with you,
but I'm here to tell you,
1022
01:20:46,716 --> 01:20:48,301
you will get to the Promised Land."
1023
01:20:48,385 --> 01:20:52,305
It is almost as though he was channeling
Moses in that moment.
1024
01:20:52,389 --> 01:20:54,349
And if the Moses story means anything,
1025
01:20:54,432 --> 01:20:57,602
and that is that even once
you reach Canaan,
1026
01:20:57,686 --> 01:21:01,147
even once you have freedom in name,
1027
01:21:01,231 --> 01:21:03,400
it still requires a struggle.
1028
01:21:03,483 --> 01:21:05,902
What it takes to get free
1029
01:21:05,986 --> 01:21:09,030
is different than what it takes
to stay free.
1030
01:21:11,241 --> 01:21:13,243
[epic music rising]
1031
01:21:16,872 --> 01:21:18,081
Promised Land.
1032
01:21:21,543 --> 01:21:23,295
And I will never get there.
1033
01:21:26,172 --> 01:21:27,007
No.
1034
01:21:29,676 --> 01:21:31,136
But your children will.
1035
01:21:33,263 --> 01:21:34,264
[Zipporah] Moses?
1036
01:21:39,185 --> 01:21:40,562
Come inside now.
1037
01:21:53,491 --> 01:21:54,326
Come.
1038
01:21:59,956 --> 01:22:02,667
[narrator] "And Moses,
the servant of the Lord,
1039
01:22:02,751 --> 01:22:05,962
died there in Moab, as the Lord had said."
1040
01:22:07,505 --> 01:22:11,843
"Since then, no prophet
has risen in Israel like Moses,
1041
01:22:11,927 --> 01:22:14,262
who the Lord knew face-to-face…
1042
01:22:16,389 --> 01:22:21,686
who did all those signs and wonders
the Lord sent him to do in Egypt,
1043
01:22:21,770 --> 01:22:26,274
to Pharaoh, to all his officials,
and to his whole land."
1044
01:22:28,443 --> 01:22:32,113
"For no one has ever shown
the mighty power
1045
01:22:32,197 --> 01:22:35,784
or performed the awesome deeds
that Moses did
1046
01:22:35,867 --> 01:22:38,620
in the sight of all Israel."
1047
01:22:48,838 --> 01:22:50,840
[solemn music playing]
1048
01:25:33,795 --> 01:25:35,797
[dramatic music playing]