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As usual every May, we
went to see my father's family.
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Near Dodge City,
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00:00:20,509 --> 00:00:25,614
my uncle now managed aluminum
exploitation for the Alcoa company.
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We stayed some way out of town,
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00:00:27,583 --> 00:00:31,020
on an estate he had bought
from the bank manager.
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The house was in a park,
surrounded by a white fence.
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It wasn't big, but was so diverse
I never finished exploring it.
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00:00:38,894 --> 00:00:40,629
We dined every night at eight.
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00:00:40,729 --> 00:00:44,633
On Friday, my uncle didn't
return home - we waited all night.
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00:00:44,733 --> 00:00:49,204
It was Saturday lunch when we heard
the miners had locked him in his office.
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Strike.
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00:00:51,473 --> 00:00:52,575
Strike.
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00:00:52,741 --> 00:00:55,477
Strike.
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Listen, madam, you're
jumping to conclusions.
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Think it over. Things
don't happen by themselves.
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There was already general discontent
about the bad working conditions.
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The union delegate.
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00:01:07,690 --> 00:01:09,491
My father wouldn't
let us go out anymore.
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The workers were very restless
and anything could have happened.
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00:01:13,762 --> 00:01:18,767
One night in the library, I overheard a
conversation between Dad and Uncle Sam.
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My father said that times had changed,
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that the workers worked
much less and earned much more,
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00:01:24,540 --> 00:01:28,811
and that since the formation of unions,
the real exploited one was the employer.
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00:01:29,211 --> 00:01:33,983
Father said the workers even "suffered"
from eating chicken every Sunday.
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They were used to the hard
work and uncomfortable homes,
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they didn't suffer from it
as much as we would.
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Anyway, father continued, shrugging
his shoulders, nobody died of hunger.
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And if the workers hate the bourgeoisie,
it must mean they are jealous.
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00:01:49,331 --> 00:01:52,368
And jealousy, Dad said,
is a mean feeling.
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Uncle Sam agreed
in theory but not in practice:
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he reckoned the
trade union was useful,
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00:01:58,507 --> 00:02:01,010
that you had to negotiate,
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00:02:01,143 --> 00:02:04,980
but with the right people.
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00:02:05,281 --> 00:02:06,715
The union delegate.
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00:02:06,815 --> 00:02:11,153
The real workers were
against any kind of unrest.
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00:02:12,988 --> 00:02:16,125
We want to explain in public
the illegitimacy of...
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00:02:16,225 --> 00:02:17,426
Revisionism.
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00:02:17,526 --> 00:02:19,628
We do not support violence.
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00:02:19,995 --> 00:02:23,165
We will not break
the rules of democracy.
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00:02:23,432 --> 00:02:25,367
We believe, on the contrary,
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00:02:25,501 --> 00:02:29,371
that it is possible to
change society peacefully.
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00:02:29,538 --> 00:02:32,541
Yes, but listen,
in spite of everything...
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00:02:33,108 --> 00:02:35,077
incredible things are happening.
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00:02:36,211 --> 00:02:37,947
I know you have no part in them.
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00:02:39,014 --> 00:02:41,116
Who poisoned the horses?
46
00:02:42,484 --> 00:02:44,820
Who set fire to the printing works?
47
00:02:46,889 --> 00:02:51,694
Who looted the Nixon Hotel, because
the proprietor denounced them?
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00:02:53,963 --> 00:02:59,301
Then there's a teacher who's said to be
open to new ideas. She lives by them.
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00:03:00,869 --> 00:03:03,572
Want to know what I think?
She's a whore.
50
00:03:03,973 --> 00:03:06,308
But madam, if things
had not been so serious,
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00:03:06,408 --> 00:03:10,412
the talk and activities of these pseudo-
revolutionaries would seem ludicrous.
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00:03:10,646 --> 00:03:12,414
But you're right really.
53
00:03:12,648 --> 00:03:15,351
We shouldn't underestimate the
effect of their shameful activities,
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00:03:15,451 --> 00:03:18,287
which create unrest,
doubt and scepticism
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00:03:18,387 --> 00:03:21,290
among a lot of the workers,
especially the younger ones.
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00:03:21,724 --> 00:03:25,361
In fact, their activities are part
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00:03:25,728 --> 00:03:27,663
of a series of lies
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00:03:28,163 --> 00:03:32,968
uttered without the consent of the true
representatives of the people's interests.
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00:03:33,068 --> 00:03:35,304
Yes, but listen, as I said,
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00:03:35,437 --> 00:03:39,308
there are still strange things happening,
which were unthinkable 3 months ago.
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- The active minorities.
- The people are afraid.
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00:03:43,612 --> 00:03:46,081
It's difficult to tell
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00:03:46,215 --> 00:03:48,617
whether or not the
revolution is going to spread.
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00:03:48,817 --> 00:03:50,986
Like all reasonable people,
I'm very puzzled by all this.
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00:03:51,086 --> 00:03:54,657
My servant said to me this morning:
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00:03:54,757 --> 00:03:56,625
"Stop, we've had enough violence. "
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00:03:57,326 --> 00:03:59,562
General assembly.
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00:04:07,236 --> 00:04:11,807
In what we've heard, there are two
voices which lie and two which stammer.
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00:04:12,107 --> 00:04:16,679
The stammering voices talk about
striking, social democracy and revisionism,
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00:04:16,812 --> 00:04:19,682
active minorities
and general assemblies.
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00:04:19,915 --> 00:04:23,352
The lying voices talk about the
desperate state of affairs,
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00:04:23,452 --> 00:04:28,223
general dissatisfaction, good people
who are frightened, and honest workers.
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00:04:30,759 --> 00:04:34,964
Quite right. But where will
all this stupid violence get us?
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00:04:35,130 --> 00:04:39,268
They've destroyed the printing works.
Result: no more objective news.
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00:04:39,668 --> 00:04:42,104
They've set fire to the Nixon Hotel.
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00:04:42,238 --> 00:04:44,907
Result: the businessmen
are frightened
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00:04:45,040 --> 00:04:48,978
and have formed armed groups,
supported with money from the banks.
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00:04:49,345 --> 00:04:51,614
In fact, it's all
the leftists' fault
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00:04:51,747 --> 00:04:56,118
that the monopolists have
gained control of everything.
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00:04:56,385 --> 00:05:00,789
Stop these provocateurs, they're
the reactionaries' best agents.
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00:05:03,025 --> 00:05:04,260
Repression.
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00:05:05,995 --> 00:05:10,366
We condemn the brutal repression
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00:05:10,833 --> 00:05:13,535
of the workers.
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00:05:14,703 --> 00:05:17,940
We demand the immediate cessation
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00:05:18,274 --> 00:05:19,942
of this repression,
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00:05:21,010 --> 00:05:23,145
the liberation of prisoners...
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00:05:23,445 --> 00:05:25,681
Repeat this phrase.
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00:05:25,981 --> 00:05:27,583
... the disarmament...
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00:05:29,285 --> 00:05:31,220
the disarmament of armed bands,
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00:05:32,288 --> 00:05:35,124
and the reopening of discussions
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00:05:35,791 --> 00:05:39,194
about the future...
about the future of the city.
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00:05:40,162 --> 00:05:43,132
In response to the shooting
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00:05:43,933 --> 00:05:45,834
on Saturday night,
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00:05:47,169 --> 00:05:50,839
we have decided to open...
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00:05:52,575 --> 00:05:55,110
to open the fight against authority
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00:05:55,411 --> 00:05:56,612
by calling...
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00:05:57,580 --> 00:05:59,949
by calling a general strike
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00:06:00,916 --> 00:06:02,117
of two hours.
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00:06:03,385 --> 00:06:07,356
And organizing demonstrations
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00:06:08,857 --> 00:06:12,027
in which the whole population
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00:06:13,562 --> 00:06:14,897
will not fail
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00:06:16,298 --> 00:06:21,136
to participate massively.
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00:06:22,371 --> 00:06:24,740
Stop the repression.
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00:06:25,841 --> 00:06:27,076
Freedom.
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00:06:28,877 --> 00:06:31,180
Freedom. Democracy.
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00:06:31,447 --> 00:06:33,048
Active strike.
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00:06:33,148 --> 00:06:35,484
But what's going on? What?
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00:06:35,584 --> 00:06:39,822
You block work, in front of the
factory, without telling your comrades?
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00:06:39,922 --> 00:06:41,090
You are behaving like children!
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00:06:41,190 --> 00:06:44,827
If you go on like this,
you'll end up worse off,
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00:06:44,994 --> 00:06:46,629
if not dead!
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00:06:46,929 --> 00:06:49,398
Is this what you want?
Civil war?
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00:06:49,565 --> 00:06:54,236
Stop fooling around. Trust those
responsible for you. That's why we're here.
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00:06:54,770 --> 00:06:56,372
Active strike.
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00:06:56,505 --> 00:06:59,341
I told you things were
going from bad to worse.
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00:07:01,176 --> 00:07:03,846
You'll be completely
overpowered, too.
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00:07:05,948 --> 00:07:07,716
If it comes to that,
there's only the army left.
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00:07:09,018 --> 00:07:10,419
It can't last.
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00:07:18,894 --> 00:07:21,530
The two voices
have continued to lie,
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00:07:21,630 --> 00:07:23,866
the two others
have continued to stammer.
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00:07:23,966 --> 00:07:27,469
Which one is ours? How can
we find out? What to do?
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00:07:30,706 --> 00:07:35,911
The two voices have continued to lie,
the two others have continued to stammer.
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00:07:36,278 --> 00:07:39,848
Which one is ours? How can we
find out? What to do?
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00:08:08,544 --> 00:08:10,846
Today, the question
"What to do?"
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00:08:10,946 --> 00:08:13,816
poses itself forcefully
to the militant filmmaker.
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00:08:14,149 --> 00:08:16,952
He no longer agitates
for people to choose a course,
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00:08:17,086 --> 00:08:19,255
he agitates for them to determine
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00:08:19,355 --> 00:08:23,125
to determine what must
be done practically, practically.
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00:08:23,225 --> 00:08:27,696
on a road the history of revolutionary
struggle teaches them to understand.
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00:08:27,963 --> 00:08:30,699
On a road which history
teaches them to understand.
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00:08:45,347 --> 00:08:48,617
Yes, what to do?
Make a film, for example.
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00:08:48,717 --> 00:08:51,553
That means asking oneself,
"Where are we?"
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00:08:51,754 --> 00:08:56,025
And what does it mean to ask the question
"Where are we?" for a militant filmmaker?
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00:09:16,312 --> 00:09:20,749
And what does it mean to ask the question
"Where are we?" for a militant filmmaker?
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00:09:20,883 --> 00:09:23,352
It means first of all
opening a parenthesis
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00:09:23,452 --> 00:09:26,488
and devoting yourself to the
history of revolutionary cinema.
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00:09:26,589 --> 00:09:28,757
Of revolutionary cinema.
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00:09:46,175 --> 00:09:50,212
Victory of revolutionary
cinema, July 19, 1920.
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00:09:50,546 --> 00:09:55,351
After the speech by Comrade Lenin at the
2nd Congress of the 3rd Internationale,
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00:09:55,451 --> 00:09:58,687
on the main stage of
the International Communist
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00:09:58,954 --> 00:10:02,057
Comrade Dziga Vertov
declares to the tribune:
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00:10:02,291 --> 00:10:05,828
"We bolshevist filmmakers know it
is impossible for a film to exist
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00:10:05,928 --> 00:10:07,663
"outside the context of
the class system.
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00:10:07,763 --> 00:10:12,701
"We know film production is a secondary
task, and our program is very simple:
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00:10:12,801 --> 00:10:16,605
"to see and show the world in the
name of the people's world revolution.
146
00:10:17,907 --> 00:10:20,242
"The people make history.
147
00:10:20,509 --> 00:10:23,412
"The films of the
Western hemisphere
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00:10:23,512 --> 00:10:26,482
"only portray elegant
ladies and gentlemen.
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00:10:26,582 --> 00:10:29,351
"The requirement is always
imposed on the actors,
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00:10:29,451 --> 00:10:33,122
"under the pretext they must
accent feelings and instincts,
151
00:10:33,222 --> 00:10:37,560
"to manifest only ideas
accepted by the bourgeoisie,
152
00:10:37,660 --> 00:10:39,795
"to unscrupulously represent
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00:10:39,895 --> 00:10:44,066
"the degenerate bourgeois way of life,
under the cover of their makeup. "
154
00:10:44,900 --> 00:10:49,638
Defeat for revolutionary
cinema, November 18, 1924.
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00:10:49,905 --> 00:10:52,074
A few days after
the death of Lenin,
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00:10:52,241 --> 00:10:55,678
Sergei Eisenstein was deeply moved
by a performance of Intolerance,
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00:10:55,811 --> 00:10:58,614
a film by the American
imperialist Griffith.
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00:10:58,714 --> 00:11:00,449
Result: in 1925,
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00:11:00,549 --> 00:11:03,319
mistaking primary duty
for secondary duty,
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00:11:03,452 --> 00:11:06,956
Eisenstein made a film about the
sailors of the battleship Potemkin,
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00:11:07,056 --> 00:11:09,191
instead of glorifying the
people's struggle of the moment.
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00:11:09,291 --> 00:11:11,160
Result: in 1929,
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00:11:11,260 --> 00:11:14,697
in The General Line, on the
subject of agrarian reform,
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00:11:14,797 --> 00:11:18,534
while Eisenstein uses new terms
to describe the Tsarist oppression,
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00:11:18,634 --> 00:11:23,105
he still uses old expressions
to talk about collectivism.
166
00:11:23,239 --> 00:11:25,941
In his case, the old triumphs
definitively over the new.
167
00:11:26,175 --> 00:11:28,410
Result: Five years later,
168
00:11:28,510 --> 00:11:32,114
Hollywood pays for his journey
to film the Mexican revolution,
169
00:11:32,214 --> 00:11:36,051
while in Berlin, Dr. Goebbels
urges the directors of UFA
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00:11:36,151 --> 00:11:37,786
to produce a Nazi Potemkin.
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00:11:37,887 --> 00:11:40,890
"The Future of the
French Communist Party"
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00:11:41,390 --> 00:11:46,462
The dialectic of history is such that
the theoretical triumph of Marxism
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00:11:46,562 --> 00:11:49,164
forces its enemies
to pose as Marxists.
174
00:11:49,365 --> 00:11:53,035
To pose as Marxists.
To pose as Marxists.
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00:11:53,168 --> 00:11:56,705
To pose as Marxists.
To pose as Marxists.
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00:12:05,180 --> 00:12:09,552
Defeat of revolutionary
cinema, November 17, 1935.
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00:12:09,652 --> 00:12:14,590
Speech by Comrade Stalin at the 1st
Conference of Russian Stakhanoviks:
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00:12:14,857 --> 00:12:17,326
confused by the
obscurity of this speech,
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00:12:17,426 --> 00:12:21,330
Comrade Dziga Vertov forgets that
politics commands the economy.
180
00:12:21,463 --> 00:12:23,832
His film The Eleventh Year
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00:12:23,933 --> 00:12:29,705
became a hymn to economic progress, not the
11-year-old dictatorship of the proletariat.
182
00:12:29,838 --> 00:12:31,807
The dictatorship of the proletariat.
183
00:12:32,041 --> 00:12:36,545
It was then that revisionism finally
found its way into the Soviet cinema.
184
00:13:09,912 --> 00:13:12,281
The revolution advances in disguise.
185
00:13:13,749 --> 00:13:17,720
False victory of revolutionary
cinema, August 29, 1962.
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00:13:17,820 --> 00:13:19,688
Renouncing all initiative,
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00:13:19,788 --> 00:13:23,459
the progressive states of Africa elect
to rely on the West for their films,
188
00:13:23,559 --> 00:13:28,364
thus giving white Christians the right
to talk about Negroes and Arabs.
189
00:13:28,464 --> 00:13:32,668
Algiers - Pontecorvo, Klein;
Konakry - Société Comaçico.
190
00:13:32,768 --> 00:13:35,704
While civil wars and popular
movements bring the imperialists down,
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00:13:35,838 --> 00:13:38,774
the imperialists
creep back via the camera,
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00:13:38,874 --> 00:13:40,976
thus endangering the revolution.
193
00:13:41,243 --> 00:13:45,614
The ideas of the ruling class always
dominate the rest of the population.
194
00:13:45,714 --> 00:13:50,286
In other words, the class which is the
dominant material power in society
195
00:13:50,386 --> 00:13:52,421
is also the dominant cultural power.
196
00:13:52,521 --> 00:13:57,326
The class controlling the material means
of production controls at the same time
197
00:13:57,426 --> 00:13:59,595
the intellectual
means of production.
198
00:13:59,695 --> 00:14:01,397
Thus the ideas of those people
199
00:14:01,497 --> 00:14:04,934
who are deprived of the
intellectual means of production
200
00:14:05,034 --> 00:14:07,937
can be said to be
repressed by the ruling class.
201
00:14:09,104 --> 00:14:12,942
Victory of revolutionary
cinema, February 2, 1966.
202
00:14:13,042 --> 00:14:14,677
Editorial in Red Flag.
203
00:14:14,810 --> 00:14:19,215
Comrade Tian-Tsin denounces the theory
that the truth must be written,
204
00:14:19,315 --> 00:14:23,919
denounces the great road of realism,
denounces the theory of "average" characters,
205
00:14:24,019 --> 00:14:27,189
denounces the theory of opposition
to the decisive role of the subject.
206
00:14:27,289 --> 00:14:31,727
February 2, 1966: birth of
the materialist feature film.
207
00:14:31,827 --> 00:14:34,997
We are never completely the
contemporaries of our own times.
208
00:14:35,130 --> 00:14:37,066
History advances in disguise.
209
00:14:37,299 --> 00:14:40,736
It fills the screen with the
mask of the preceding sequence,
210
00:14:40,836 --> 00:14:42,938
and we no longer recognize
anything about the film.
211
00:14:43,172 --> 00:14:47,776
The fault is not with history, but our
vision, cluttered with images and sounds.
212
00:14:47,910 --> 00:14:51,347
We see and hear the past
superimposed on the present,
213
00:14:51,480 --> 00:14:53,148
even though the
present is a revolution.
214
00:14:53,249 --> 00:14:56,752
Wind from the East
215
00:14:56,852 --> 00:15:00,623
Today the question "What to do?" poses
itself forcefully to the militant.
216
00:15:00,823 --> 00:15:03,292
He no longer agitates for
people to choose a course,
217
00:15:03,392 --> 00:15:06,495
he agitates for them
to determine, to determine
218
00:15:06,595 --> 00:15:09,298
what must be done
practically, practically
219
00:15:09,431 --> 00:15:13,369
on a road the history of revolutionary
struggle teaches them to understand.
220
00:15:13,502 --> 00:15:16,305
On a road which history
teaches them to understand.
221
00:15:16,538 --> 00:15:19,475
This road -
strikes, social democracy,
222
00:15:19,575 --> 00:15:22,878
general meetings, repression.
This road -
223
00:15:22,978 --> 00:15:24,613
what have we achieved?
224
00:15:24,747 --> 00:15:27,716
Daring to recognize it, thinking,
means knowing what to do.
225
00:15:27,816 --> 00:15:29,118
1 - The Strike
226
00:15:29,218 --> 00:15:31,453
Tuesday, June 3, 14:00 hours.
227
00:15:32,421 --> 00:15:37,393
On several workers' initiative, and after
a good deal of discussion among the workers,
228
00:15:37,593 --> 00:15:40,396
a general strike has been decided,
229
00:15:40,529 --> 00:15:43,499
whose aims have been
explained in a leaflet.
230
00:15:44,500 --> 00:15:45,568
Water.
231
00:15:48,604 --> 00:15:50,606
For most workers,
232
00:15:50,839 --> 00:15:54,310
the overtime allowance varies
from 0 to 20 hours in two weeks.
233
00:15:54,777 --> 00:15:56,145
Some of us
234
00:15:56,245 --> 00:16:00,015
worked in pretty
rough conditions to get...
235
00:16:00,816 --> 00:16:01,884
Water.
236
00:16:03,319 --> 00:16:05,454
... between 0 and 10
hours allowance,
237
00:16:05,554 --> 00:16:08,691
which comes to about
350 francs for two weeks.
238
00:16:10,492 --> 00:16:11,794
From the beginning,
239
00:16:11,894 --> 00:16:16,065
the strike was supported by 80%
of the workers on the night shift,
240
00:16:16,732 --> 00:16:18,500
13:00 - 22:00 hours.
241
00:16:19,902 --> 00:16:20,970
Water.
242
00:16:33,983 --> 00:16:37,686
On Wednesday at 4:30
in the morning,
243
00:16:38,053 --> 00:16:39,788
the workers demanded that
244
00:16:39,889 --> 00:16:43,993
the second-shift workers, who had
not taken part in the discussions,
245
00:16:44,260 --> 00:16:45,794
should join the movement.
246
00:16:54,136 --> 00:16:58,240
A bit later, it was reported that a
meeting of the second-shift workers
247
00:16:58,374 --> 00:17:02,411
had also decided to strike,
supported by 90% of the workers.
248
00:17:39,081 --> 00:17:41,951
On Thursday the 5th,
at 5 in the morning,
249
00:17:42,251 --> 00:17:45,888
the strike committee decided
to go on with the strike.
250
00:17:46,021 --> 00:17:47,623
Leaflets were distributed.
251
00:17:52,194 --> 00:17:53,696
"Appeal to the workers:
252
00:17:55,598 --> 00:17:58,234
"We will carry on the
strike until we win.
253
00:17:59,268 --> 00:18:01,570
"They are trying to
divide the two shifts.
254
00:18:02,271 --> 00:18:04,273
"Let's take our decisions together.
255
00:18:05,107 --> 00:18:07,977
"Our grievances are the same. "
256
00:18:09,211 --> 00:18:12,581
What do you want?
257
00:18:19,755 --> 00:18:20,990
What does he want?
258
00:18:21,223 --> 00:18:23,893
He wants better working conditions.
259
00:18:24,593 --> 00:18:26,362
And more pay.
260
00:18:27,863 --> 00:18:29,965
You see, he is a poor Indian.
261
00:18:30,566 --> 00:18:34,136
His wife is sick, his sons are sick.
262
00:18:34,670 --> 00:18:38,474
In my opinion, we can even
come to an agreement.
263
00:18:39,141 --> 00:18:41,810
I can look into it, but...
264
00:18:42,678 --> 00:18:44,146
once we get to the camp...
265
00:18:44,980 --> 00:18:47,716
As you like. You are
responsible for that.
266
00:18:47,983 --> 00:18:50,219
As long as he is taken
to the concentration camp.
267
00:18:58,227 --> 00:19:00,195
There are rumors of a strike.
268
00:19:01,664 --> 00:19:04,733
The rumors say that
their claims will be met.
269
00:19:04,833 --> 00:19:07,136
Who started these rumors?
The union delegate.
270
00:19:07,236 --> 00:19:10,639
They say that 80% of the workers
have gone back to work,
271
00:19:10,773 --> 00:19:12,775
that only a few are
carrying on with the strike.
272
00:19:12,908 --> 00:19:14,977
Who started this rumor?
The union delegate.
273
00:19:19,481 --> 00:19:23,586
They talk about "agitators" - the bosses'
word for the workers starting the struggle.
274
00:19:23,686 --> 00:19:25,888
Who uses this word?
The union delegate.
275
00:19:32,928 --> 00:19:37,266
The delegate translates the working class
struggle into the language of the bosses.
276
00:19:37,466 --> 00:19:39,802
When the union delegate
translates, he betrays.
277
00:19:40,102 --> 00:19:45,040
This cannot be explained as pure chance, or
as the fault of some individual or group,
278
00:19:45,174 --> 00:19:49,044
or as the result of circumstances
or national traditions.
279
00:19:49,411 --> 00:19:54,083
There are definite reasons
inherent in the economic regime
280
00:19:54,183 --> 00:19:57,219
in the development
of all capitalist countries
281
00:19:57,319 --> 00:19:59,855
which make this treachery possible.
282
00:20:00,022 --> 00:20:03,525
The union delegate's failure is the
failure of socialistic opportunism,
283
00:20:03,626 --> 00:20:07,096
the failure of social democracy:
this is revisionism.
284
00:20:07,529 --> 00:20:10,099
This is a product of the
so-called peaceful phase
285
00:20:10,199 --> 00:20:12,401
in the development
of the workers' movement.
286
00:20:12,668 --> 00:20:16,972
During this period, the working class
acquires weapons for the struggle:
287
00:20:17,106 --> 00:20:21,076
recourse to the process of
parliament and legal possibilities,
288
00:20:21,210 --> 00:20:24,213
creation of economic and
political mass organizations,
289
00:20:24,346 --> 00:20:27,149
as well as the availability
of a large workers' press.
290
00:20:27,416 --> 00:20:30,920
On the other hand, this period risks
the tendency to deny class struggle
291
00:20:31,020 --> 00:20:33,088
and to advance the social peace.
292
00:20:34,690 --> 00:20:36,525
Translation - treason.
293
00:20:36,759 --> 00:20:39,061
Certain groups within
the working classes -
294
00:20:39,361 --> 00:20:42,798
the bureaucrats and aristocrats
of the workers movement
295
00:20:42,898 --> 00:20:46,669
who benefitted from the fruits of
the Third World's exploitation
296
00:20:46,769 --> 00:20:50,339
and the advantageous position of their
own country in the world markets -
297
00:20:50,639 --> 00:20:52,608
certain groups within
the working classes,
298
00:20:52,741 --> 00:20:56,612
and their petit-bourgeois associates
from the heart of the Communist Party,
299
00:20:56,712 --> 00:21:00,049
form the main social
support for this tendency.
300
00:21:00,149 --> 00:21:03,686
And they have become the bearers of
bourgeois influence on the proletariat.
301
00:21:18,467 --> 00:21:21,503
2 - The Delegate
Not only have military and repressive forces
302
00:21:21,604 --> 00:21:23,706
in no way disbanded,
303
00:21:23,839 --> 00:21:27,810
but the mass of people are opposed
to continued revolutionary exploits.
304
00:21:28,043 --> 00:21:30,546
Many of their grievances
have been satisfied.
305
00:21:30,679 --> 00:21:33,616
Today, to prepare work is a victory.
306
00:21:43,225 --> 00:21:45,027
Translation - treason.
307
00:21:45,261 --> 00:21:47,429
When the union
delegate speaks, he lies.
308
00:21:47,696 --> 00:21:48,831
Example:
309
00:21:49,932 --> 00:21:53,669
"The task of the new political
power of the working class
310
00:21:53,769 --> 00:21:58,073
"and its allies is the creation of a
new economy and a new way of life,
311
00:21:58,207 --> 00:21:59,942
"that is, a socialist way of life.
312
00:22:00,709 --> 00:22:04,246
"The realization of this
grand and gigantic task
313
00:22:04,647 --> 00:22:08,584
"requires the broadest and most
active participation of the masses
314
00:22:08,684 --> 00:22:10,553
"in the management of public affairs.
315
00:22:11,186 --> 00:22:13,522
"Socialism does not only mean
316
00:22:13,656 --> 00:22:17,526
"the liberation of the worker
from capitalist exploitation:
317
00:22:17,793 --> 00:22:20,229
"it represents, and must create,
318
00:22:20,596 --> 00:22:24,667
"a democracy superior
to all bourgeois democracy. "
319
00:22:27,002 --> 00:22:30,773
"Encouraged by the
results achieved so far
320
00:22:31,240 --> 00:22:35,077
"and knowing the road
which is still left to travel,
321
00:22:35,578 --> 00:22:37,913
"we shall put all our
energy into the fight...
322
00:22:38,013 --> 00:22:40,549
"and bring to a victorious end...
323
00:22:40,649 --> 00:22:44,119
"the work of the united
vital forces in the nation. "
324
00:22:44,220 --> 00:22:46,388
3 - The Active Minorities
He talks, he talks, he talks.
325
00:22:46,689 --> 00:22:50,092
Escapades, provocation,
it's always the same.
326
00:22:50,226 --> 00:22:52,328
We were forced to do something
327
00:22:52,428 --> 00:22:56,899
because the person claiming to
represent us never did anything.
328
00:22:56,999 --> 00:22:59,535
All he did was talk to the bosses.
329
00:23:13,249 --> 00:23:17,887
What to do?
330
00:23:19,922 --> 00:23:22,091
We need a different sort of strike.
331
00:23:22,758 --> 00:23:25,561
All you need is to write
a pamphlet for the workers.
332
00:23:26,428 --> 00:23:30,399
Tomorrow, we'll distribute
it at the factory gates.
333
00:23:30,766 --> 00:23:33,769
Then the students will see
that the workers get up early.
334
00:23:34,169 --> 00:23:38,541
Then at least the students will
see that the workers get up early.
335
00:23:38,741 --> 00:23:42,378
Then at least the workers will
see that the students get up early.
336
00:23:42,578 --> 00:23:45,080
What to do? Think left.
337
00:23:45,281 --> 00:23:47,016
Read Lenin's text,
338
00:23:47,116 --> 00:23:52,021
generally used by the revisionists to
denounce those of the Left as agitators.
339
00:23:52,154 --> 00:23:56,191
Note that Lenin does not confuse a
primary danger with a secondary one.
340
00:23:56,292 --> 00:23:58,994
Agree with Lenin
that the primary danger
341
00:23:59,094 --> 00:24:01,263
lies in social-democratic treason
342
00:24:01,363 --> 00:24:03,866
and the secondary danger in leftism,
343
00:24:03,966 --> 00:24:07,703
the childish, infantile
illness of Communism.
344
00:24:07,903 --> 00:24:13,008
Note that Lenin spoke of workers'
leftism and not student leftism.
345
00:24:13,309 --> 00:24:16,512
Starting from this, attack,
whenever and wherever it occurs,
346
00:24:16,612 --> 00:24:18,981
leftism in Leninist positions.
347
00:24:19,081 --> 00:24:22,818
For the good of all, we
we must learn from past faults.
348
00:24:23,185 --> 00:24:27,122
There are always people who
struggle against the innovations
349
00:24:27,223 --> 00:24:30,593
of a mass revolution,
350
00:24:30,793 --> 00:24:33,162
believing always and above all
351
00:24:33,262 --> 00:24:36,632
that none of them will succeed.
352
00:24:36,966 --> 00:24:41,103
One always stands in the way
of a new revolutionary order...
353
00:24:41,203 --> 00:24:44,707
... by looking for help and
guidance in conventional standards
354
00:24:44,840 --> 00:24:46,475
and established customs.
355
00:24:46,609 --> 00:24:50,379
The Active Minorities
356
00:25:45,100 --> 00:25:49,872
This woman is called Suzanne Monet,
wife of the famous painter Claude Monet.
357
00:25:50,005 --> 00:25:52,708
In 1903 she publishes in the Figaro
358
00:25:52,841 --> 00:25:55,311
an open letter to the
President of the Republic,
359
00:25:55,411 --> 00:25:59,882
protesting against the striking
railwaymen who kept her husband
360
00:26:00,015 --> 00:26:03,452
from entering the Gare St. Lazare
to finish his painting.
361
00:26:05,421 --> 00:26:07,556
In 1925, this woman is called
362
00:26:07,656 --> 00:26:10,793
Scarlett Faulkner from
Louisville, Alabama.
363
00:26:10,926 --> 00:26:15,231
A known nymphomaniac, she
accuses farmhand Eldridge Cleaver
364
00:26:15,331 --> 00:26:17,333
of having raped her several times.
365
00:26:17,433 --> 00:26:19,835
The local chapter of the Ku Klux Klan
366
00:26:19,935 --> 00:26:23,339
carries out the immediate
execution of the horrible criminal.
367
00:26:25,074 --> 00:26:28,611
In 1936, this woman
is called Ines Mussolini.
368
00:26:28,744 --> 00:26:32,681
married to the Spanish representative
of the Schneider-Krupp group.
369
00:26:32,948 --> 00:26:35,784
She welcomes Franco's
troops into Barcelona
370
00:26:35,885 --> 00:26:40,489
after liberating Catalonia from the
Anarchists and the workers' councils.
371
00:26:41,557 --> 00:26:44,894
In 1969, she is
called Rachel Darnev,
372
00:26:44,994 --> 00:26:49,698
graduated in chemical analysis from the
Vise-Farben University in Nuremberg.
373
00:26:49,798 --> 00:26:53,102
She specializes in the napalming
374
00:26:53,202 --> 00:26:57,006
of Palestinian farmers
in the Naplouse and Gaza area,
375
00:26:57,172 --> 00:26:59,141
who refuse to leave their land.
376
00:27:16,959 --> 00:27:21,830
This man's name is René Andrieu.
He is editor-in-chief of l'Humanité.
377
00:27:22,331 --> 00:27:27,036
In 1871 he proposes to the Central
Committee of the Paris Commune
378
00:27:27,203 --> 00:27:31,340
that the red flag and
the tricolor should be united.
379
00:27:31,674 --> 00:27:35,110
In response, a worker called
Varland proposes that he be shot.
380
00:27:35,511 --> 00:27:38,547
Disappointed, René Andrieu
escapes to Versailles.
381
00:27:39,181 --> 00:27:42,151
In 1933, this man's
name is Luigi Dubcek.
382
00:27:42,318 --> 00:27:44,787
As a member of the
Politburo of the KPD,
383
00:27:44,920 --> 00:27:46,689
the German Communist Party,
384
00:27:46,922 --> 00:27:50,993
he appeals to his Jewish comrades
to react peacefully and sensibly
385
00:27:51,093 --> 00:27:54,129
to the demonstration
organized by Nazi stormtroopers
386
00:27:54,230 --> 00:27:56,565
outside the offices
of the newspaper Vorwelt.
387
00:27:56,999 --> 00:28:00,703
In 1945, this man
is called Maurice Duclos.
388
00:28:01,136 --> 00:28:04,306
He is one of three communist
ministers in de Gaulle's government.
389
00:28:04,640 --> 00:28:09,111
As such, he appeals to all
partisans to lay down their arms.
390
00:28:09,378 --> 00:28:12,815
A year later these weapons are
used by the employers to put down
391
00:28:12,915 --> 00:28:14,850
a strike by European miners.
392
00:28:15,184 --> 00:28:19,255
In 1969, this man's name
is Vladimir Brezhnev.
393
00:28:19,722 --> 00:28:22,691
As commander of the
battleship Potemkin, he offers
394
00:28:22,791 --> 00:28:25,194
his ship to Admiral Foster Dulles
395
00:28:25,294 --> 00:28:29,465
to help locate the remains of American spy
planes shot down over North Korean territory.
396
00:28:42,745 --> 00:28:45,748
The Active Minorities
397
00:29:02,431 --> 00:29:04,600
4 - The General Assembly
398
00:29:04,700 --> 00:29:09,538
During a General Assembly the
camera is at everyone's disposal.
399
00:29:20,616 --> 00:29:26,488
For repression, the proposal is...
a newspaper image...
400
00:29:32,795 --> 00:29:36,632
You are agreeing with me. It's a
form of Soviet realism that you propose.
401
00:29:36,732 --> 00:29:38,133
Well then, let's get
to the bottom of this...
402
00:29:41,904 --> 00:29:46,175
I say that I'm going even further.
So we've got to find the right approach...
403
00:29:48,911 --> 00:29:53,849
Given that the problem - Stalin's
picture - is already in the film...
404
00:29:55,384 --> 00:29:59,021
Don't just say the first thing
that comes into your head.
405
00:29:59,121 --> 00:30:02,124
But the question of Stalin's
portrayal does arise.
406
00:30:02,224 --> 00:30:03,692
He is in the film.
407
00:30:03,792 --> 00:30:07,096
Do you feel repressed by this image?
408
00:30:44,066 --> 00:30:46,735
What do we hear?
What do we see?
409
00:30:46,969 --> 00:30:50,372
Images of people arguing,
confused sounds,
410
00:30:50,573 --> 00:30:53,142
parts of a poster of Stalin and Mao.
411
00:30:53,342 --> 00:30:56,378
Why these images?
Why these sounds?
412
00:30:56,512 --> 00:30:59,281
Why this ever-changing relationship
between images and sounds?
413
00:31:00,015 --> 00:31:03,385
The intention was to talk about
what we experienced in May '68.
414
00:31:04,086 --> 00:31:05,454
In factories, in universities,
415
00:31:05,554 --> 00:31:10,159
in offices, comrades held meetings
and formed organizations.
416
00:31:10,259 --> 00:31:13,462
In spite of confusion during
discussions, they still made progress.
417
00:31:13,929 --> 00:31:16,432
How can we account for this?
418
00:31:16,632 --> 00:31:19,568
How can we discover
truth in this confusion?
419
00:31:19,902 --> 00:31:21,871
How can we get to the
truth correctly?
420
00:31:22,137 --> 00:31:25,975
A number of comrades
quickly turned to film production.
421
00:31:26,108 --> 00:31:30,212
In relation to the rest of the group,
they became an active minority.
422
00:31:30,412 --> 00:31:31,180
When, after the strike,
423
00:31:31,280 --> 00:31:35,551
social democracy, etc. became a matter
of discussing the general assembly,
424
00:31:35,651 --> 00:31:38,187
the comrades immediately
came up with a solution.
425
00:31:38,287 --> 00:31:42,358
To call a general assembly, because
that was the best way to discuss it -
426
00:31:42,491 --> 00:31:46,061
to call one, where the main subject
would be the continuation of the film.
427
00:31:46,161 --> 00:31:49,665
This meant a discussion of the
making of the images and sounds,
428
00:31:49,765 --> 00:31:53,636
which in the film would depict the same
scenes of the general assembly.
429
00:31:53,736 --> 00:31:55,971
In May and June '68 in France,
430
00:31:56,071 --> 00:31:59,808
today in France,
Italy, Spain, Mexico, etc...
431
00:31:59,942 --> 00:32:03,646
the established powers respond to these
revolutionary groups with repression.
432
00:32:03,812 --> 00:32:07,283
The filming of the general assembly was
therefore the filming of a general assembly
433
00:32:07,416 --> 00:32:09,451
which debated the following sequence,
434
00:32:09,552 --> 00:32:13,289
in which the making of images and
sounds of this repression is discussed.
435
00:32:13,622 --> 00:32:16,058
The editing of the corresponding
analyses of this discussion
436
00:32:16,158 --> 00:32:19,195
would make it possible to understand
the working of the general assembly.
437
00:32:19,361 --> 00:32:22,698
Which image of repression did the
comrades immediately propose?
438
00:32:22,798 --> 00:32:26,635
A poster of Stalin and Mao, wanted
for murder by the capitalists.
439
00:32:27,303 --> 00:32:28,604
Why Stalin?
440
00:32:28,771 --> 00:32:32,508
Because for these comrades, what is
usually called the Stalin problem,
441
00:32:32,641 --> 00:32:36,011
like it or not, is part of
the revolutionary movement.
442
00:32:37,980 --> 00:32:38,814
How do you explain that?
443
00:32:38,914 --> 00:32:43,152
I'm not saying that he is Stalin,
but that others accept him as Stalin.
444
00:32:43,252 --> 00:32:47,489
One rejects Stalin, but one finds
oneself in a Stalinist situation.
445
00:32:48,524 --> 00:32:50,025
Stalinist, precisely because...
446
00:32:52,161 --> 00:32:55,998
They've excluded all the characters
who were to have been seen in the film.
447
00:32:56,098 --> 00:32:57,266
But we know that.
448
00:32:57,366 --> 00:32:59,869
Consequently, this is a film which
collaborates with Papadopoulos.
449
00:32:59,969 --> 00:33:03,305
Thus we take as our image,
we take as our image...
450
00:33:03,505 --> 00:33:05,975
we take as our image,
we take as our image...
451
00:33:06,108 --> 00:33:10,179
"Wanted for Murder, " posted
up by Gian Maria Volonte.
452
00:33:11,380 --> 00:33:12,648
And here we should have...
453
00:33:13,716 --> 00:33:14,950
an image which has...
454
00:33:17,052 --> 00:33:20,289
not been used before, give the
discussion you have just witnessed.
455
00:33:26,395 --> 00:33:29,265
Party secretary,
there, for instance,
456
00:33:29,532 --> 00:33:32,001
at that place in the film, is
something that goes back to Stalin,
457
00:33:32,101 --> 00:33:33,769
and which we're up to the neck in -
458
00:33:33,869 --> 00:33:35,938
that is "realism" which...
459
00:33:36,038 --> 00:33:39,041
What is it called now?
Socialist realism.
460
00:33:39,708 --> 00:33:43,178
China. The poor farmers of the
Kiung-Tsing production brigade
461
00:33:43,312 --> 00:33:45,481
meet to denounce the revisionist
462
00:33:45,581 --> 00:33:48,450
counter-revolutionary course being
taken in the medical and sanitary fields.
463
00:33:49,084 --> 00:33:52,454
Egypt. The workers of the armament
factory at Elouan are uniting
464
00:33:52,555 --> 00:33:57,593
to demand punishment for the bureaucrat who
collaborated with the Israeli imperialists.
465
00:33:57,893 --> 00:34:01,497
France. Workers unite at the
C. S. F. in Issyles-Moulineaux
466
00:34:01,597 --> 00:34:05,434
to denounce the behavior of a
permanent representative of the C. G. T.
467
00:34:05,534 --> 00:34:09,371
who threatens to attack the Marxist-
Leninists by name in a pamphlet,
468
00:34:09,471 --> 00:34:12,274
thus exposing them to repressive
measures by the employer.
469
00:34:12,608 --> 00:34:16,145
To see the general assembly
only as a debating society
470
00:34:16,278 --> 00:34:17,780
is to see it as an abstraction.
471
00:34:18,113 --> 00:34:19,915
Because who is speaking
and against whom?
472
00:34:20,015 --> 00:34:21,684
Each general assembly is specific.
473
00:34:21,784 --> 00:34:26,222
It reflects the country's conflicts and is
militant. Who speaks and against whom?
474
00:34:26,322 --> 00:34:30,259
In China: the masses against a handful
of leaders attached to capitalism.
475
00:34:30,359 --> 00:34:32,761
In Egypt: the masses against
the military bureaucracy,
476
00:34:32,862 --> 00:34:36,265
who exploit the people and are
supported by Soviet revisionists.
477
00:34:36,365 --> 00:34:38,634
In France: the masses against
the French revisionists
478
00:34:38,734 --> 00:34:41,470
who are in league with
the capitalist exploiters.
479
00:34:41,604 --> 00:34:44,707
All general assemblies
resemble one another,
480
00:34:44,840 --> 00:34:46,175
because in each country,
481
00:34:46,308 --> 00:34:50,179
in a qualitatively different manner,
the same enemies are confronted.
482
00:34:50,546 --> 00:34:52,648
Each country is a
country of our era -
483
00:34:52,748 --> 00:34:55,951
the era of the crisis of imerialism
and modern revisionism,
484
00:34:56,051 --> 00:34:59,788
the era of the collaboration of
imperialism and modern revisionism,
485
00:34:59,889 --> 00:35:03,325
the era of their common opposition
against revolutionary movements.
486
00:35:03,492 --> 00:35:06,729
Every general assembly asks
today the question of our era -
487
00:35:06,829 --> 00:35:11,133
the question of the history of imperialism,
the question of the history of revisionism,
488
00:35:11,233 --> 00:35:13,869
and to pose the question of
the real history of revisionism
489
00:35:13,969 --> 00:35:17,273
is to pose seriously what is usually
referred to as the Stalin question.
490
00:35:17,406 --> 00:35:19,808
That is, to no longer focus
on the image of Stalin,
491
00:35:19,909 --> 00:35:22,745
but to try to analyze the
classes of Soviet society,
492
00:35:22,845 --> 00:35:25,381
from the beginning of the
dictatorship of the proletariat.
493
00:35:29,285 --> 00:35:30,819
The most disgusting aspect of cinema
494
00:35:30,953 --> 00:35:34,323
is that the bourgeoisie and
Stalin have the same attitude.
495
00:35:34,423 --> 00:35:39,228
This leads to images and sounds
of a particular sort being made.
496
00:35:39,328 --> 00:35:43,599
This can be seen in our own
practice and right here
497
00:35:43,699 --> 00:35:46,502
where nobody feels
like having any fun.
498
00:35:56,812 --> 00:36:00,449
Jean-Luc says that within the party this
problem hasn't been resolved. It's not true.
499
00:36:00,549 --> 00:36:04,153
Yes, it is true. A badly expressed
problem, a wrong solution.
500
00:36:05,421 --> 00:36:07,289
To really put problems forward.
501
00:36:07,923 --> 00:36:10,693
Example: to analyze
in class terms the effect
502
00:36:10,793 --> 00:36:13,629
of the speech of
June 23, 1931, about
503
00:36:13,729 --> 00:36:17,233
"New situations, new tasks for
strengthening the economy. "
504
00:36:21,237 --> 00:36:23,572
Example: '37-'38.
505
00:36:23,839 --> 00:36:28,644
At the request of Comrade Stalin, Sergei
Eisenstein begins shooting Bezhin Meadow,
506
00:36:28,744 --> 00:36:31,280
about the struggle
for rural socialization.
507
00:36:31,413 --> 00:36:33,716
'37-'38. Spanish Civil War.
508
00:36:33,916 --> 00:36:38,621
With anarchist militia, peasant farmers
organize immediate partition of the land.
509
00:36:38,721 --> 00:36:41,190
They are liquidated in the
fight against anarchism
510
00:36:41,290 --> 00:36:43,893
by the political commissars of
the Spanish Communist Party,
511
00:36:44,026 --> 00:36:47,263
who mechanically apply the
directives of the Internationale.
512
00:36:47,530 --> 00:36:51,967
To ask the question "why" is also
to ask the question "against whom?"
513
00:36:53,636 --> 00:36:56,872
Stalinist images. Just
consider the problem.
514
00:36:57,339 --> 00:37:01,911
In everything that's happened, positive
aspect: showing an image is nothing,
515
00:37:02,044 --> 00:37:03,812
that there is no image in itself,
516
00:37:03,913 --> 00:37:06,115
that there is no image outside
the context of the class struggle.
517
00:37:06,415 --> 00:37:08,784
Having shown this
with an image of Stalin.
518
00:37:08,918 --> 00:37:12,254
Negative aspect: not having
found the right image,
519
00:37:12,354 --> 00:37:14,323
that is, necessary and sufficient.
520
00:37:14,423 --> 00:37:17,159
Stalin and Mao wanted
for murder by the capitalists -
521
00:37:17,259 --> 00:37:20,763
that was a necessary, but
inadequate image of repression.
522
00:37:20,930 --> 00:37:25,768
We must find other images of repression,
the only ones we can make at present.
523
00:37:26,235 --> 00:37:29,805
The Humphry laboratories have refused to
develop film about the dockers on strike,
524
00:37:29,905 --> 00:37:32,241
shot by the strikers themselves.
525
00:37:32,675 --> 00:37:36,779
Three days after the Yankee ambassador's
kidnapping, Brazil restored the death penalty.
526
00:37:39,748 --> 00:37:42,151
In Marrakesh, an extremist
right-wing commando
527
00:37:42,351 --> 00:37:46,655
machine-gunned, with full government
support, a progressive students' meeting.
528
00:38:04,974 --> 00:38:09,011
6 - The Active Strike
529
00:38:09,745 --> 00:38:13,415
Marcel, we've been striking 4 weeks. I write
this letter, not knowing if it'll reach you,
530
00:38:13,516 --> 00:38:17,186
because our comrades at the post office
are striking, but not for long, I think.
531
00:38:17,286 --> 00:38:19,455
While the unions are overtly asking
for more support for the movement,
532
00:38:19,555 --> 00:38:22,992
they are exerting influence to
return essential sectors to work.
533
00:38:23,158 --> 00:38:26,228
And when the post and railway
services go back to work,
534
00:38:26,328 --> 00:38:29,498
we'll all go back little by little,
whether we want to or not.
535
00:38:29,899 --> 00:38:32,268
That's clear, anyway. In your
situation you see the same thing.
536
00:38:33,369 --> 00:38:35,538
But what can we do
to make things change?
537
00:38:35,638 --> 00:38:38,040
We've lasted 4 weeks and
that's a victory for us.
538
00:38:38,173 --> 00:38:42,378
Out of 2000, there are roughly
900 continuing the sit-in in shifts.
539
00:38:42,778 --> 00:38:45,915
I say victory, though in fact I
don't know how things are with you.
540
00:38:46,015 --> 00:38:50,619
Anyway, 500 yards from our factory, at Mazda,
Givelaud and Alasef, the situation is different.
541
00:38:50,719 --> 00:38:52,788
The first day the C. G. T.
delegate told the guys:
542
00:38:52,888 --> 00:38:57,593
"Good, we're stopping work. Go home. When
we reach an agreement, we'll let you know. "
543
00:38:57,693 --> 00:39:01,497
Ten or 20 opposed the move and
stayed and occupied the factory.
544
00:39:01,597 --> 00:39:03,299
But they were
deserted by the cowards.
545
00:39:03,699 --> 00:39:06,702
At our place 900 took part in the
occupation. At first this was enough.
546
00:39:06,802 --> 00:39:11,540
About 800 of the guys had worked in
the same factory five or ten years,
547
00:39:11,674 --> 00:39:13,442
though they'd never
participated before.
548
00:39:13,576 --> 00:39:17,680
This made it possible to get things
done and also to start discussions.
549
00:39:17,913 --> 00:39:22,084
Everyone who'd taken part in strikes and
occupations said something had changed.
550
00:39:22,184 --> 00:39:26,856
Sure, some were more concerned with playing
cards and football, and chasing the women.
551
00:39:26,956 --> 00:39:29,758
That too was new -
the many girls that were there.
552
00:39:29,959 --> 00:39:32,661
It lasted three weeks. We
discussed things seriously,
553
00:39:32,761 --> 00:39:38,067
talked politics, not just about demanding
workshop 45's lavatory window be replaced.
554
00:39:38,300 --> 00:39:41,470
All this scared the union officials.
We also met students.
555
00:39:41,570 --> 00:39:44,240
For the strike leaders,
though, all this was good.
556
00:39:44,373 --> 00:39:48,077
They forced the C. G. T. officials
to allow students into the canteen.
557
00:39:48,210 --> 00:39:52,815
Sure, this often didn't mean much, because
they spoke language you couldn't understand.
558
00:39:52,948 --> 00:39:56,318
Some of them would talk for hours,
until everybody got fed up.
559
00:39:56,485 --> 00:40:01,457
That's the negative. The positive is these
people fought, and said interesting things,
560
00:40:01,557 --> 00:40:04,159
and that people from outside
prevented the sit-in from weakening.
561
00:40:04,660 --> 00:40:06,996
But now, after 4 weeks, our
number has hardly increased.
562
00:40:07,096 --> 00:40:11,000
Last weekend some went home, people
who were there from the beginning.
563
00:40:11,100 --> 00:40:13,002
Their wife, their kids...
Sure, that's normal.
564
00:40:13,102 --> 00:40:16,272
Despite this, last weekend there were
still over 100 occupying the factory.
565
00:40:16,372 --> 00:40:20,442
People's interest in the ballot was
pretty low - cards were very popular.
566
00:40:20,576 --> 00:40:23,179
Then I thought of something
one of the students had told us.
567
00:40:23,312 --> 00:40:26,549
At the C. S. F. in Brest, some workers
had apparently gone back to work
568
00:40:26,649 --> 00:40:31,587
to make transistors themselves, and exchanged
them with farmers for vegetables and poultry.
569
00:40:31,687 --> 00:40:33,522
His story sounded a bit strange,
570
00:40:33,622 --> 00:40:36,525
but when we wanted to know
more about it, he got all involved,
571
00:40:36,625 --> 00:40:39,862
which shows it's impossible
to get any information.
572
00:40:39,962 --> 00:40:44,266
He called it active striking, and said it was
the only way to prevent the strike weakening,
573
00:40:44,366 --> 00:40:47,903
the only way to hit employers hard and
pose concrete problems about power.
574
00:40:48,237 --> 00:40:50,940
When I thought of the workshops
and the fighting spirit of the people,
575
00:40:51,073 --> 00:40:55,911
it seemed we should be able to keep the
factory going ourselves, without technicians.
576
00:40:56,011 --> 00:40:57,947
They didn't really know
what to make of it.
577
00:40:58,047 --> 00:41:01,951
Some agreed with it, while
others just said I was dreaming,
578
00:41:02,051 --> 00:41:03,886
but they couldn't really say why.
579
00:41:03,986 --> 00:41:07,489
I thank you for your reply,
and I hope to see you soon.
580
00:41:07,590 --> 00:41:10,192
I better go - Monday, the managers
and scabs will be round again,
581
00:41:10,292 --> 00:41:13,362
shouting they want to get back in,
in the name of freedom to work.
582
00:41:13,462 --> 00:41:17,233
Shit, I hope there'll be enough of
us to shut them up. Good-bye.
583
00:41:28,511 --> 00:41:31,046
Hello, this is Jean-Pierre
Peugeot. Who's speaking?
584
00:41:31,313 --> 00:41:32,548
Strike committee.
585
00:41:32,815 --> 00:41:35,084
Listen, young woman, I'm
being polite. Who are you?
586
00:41:35,184 --> 00:41:36,352
Strike committee.
587
00:41:36,619 --> 00:41:40,689
I've told you who I am: Jean-Pierre
Peugeot. Now who are you?
588
00:41:40,890 --> 00:41:41,857
Strike committee.
589
00:41:41,957 --> 00:41:43,526
I want to know who I'm talking to.
590
00:41:43,626 --> 00:41:44,627
Strike committee.
591
00:41:44,727 --> 00:41:47,496
Jean-Pierre Peugeot here. Are you
frightened of saying who you are?
592
00:41:47,763 --> 00:41:48,764
Strike committee.
593
00:41:49,265 --> 00:41:51,333
Gerard, I got your letter.
594
00:41:51,433 --> 00:41:55,671
As it happened, it came after
we'd started work again.
595
00:41:55,771 --> 00:42:00,109
We think you're mistaken. You say you
want to show you can do without technicians.
596
00:42:00,242 --> 00:42:05,047
You forget it's not just technical division
of labor, but also social-technical division.
597
00:42:05,147 --> 00:42:07,616
and by working only from
your own point of view,
598
00:42:07,716 --> 00:42:11,187
you are doing just what
the capitalists want.
599
00:42:11,353 --> 00:42:14,990
The Chinese say: "Have a revolution
and organize production. "
600
00:42:15,157 --> 00:42:16,692
Good. They also say:
601
00:42:16,792 --> 00:42:20,329
"First make the revolution to
organize production differently. "
602
00:42:20,763 --> 00:42:25,501
Even if you did organize an active
strike so your guys could go on working,
603
00:42:25,601 --> 00:42:29,371
it'd still only be a temporary
strike, though of a different kind.
604
00:42:29,605 --> 00:42:33,943
OK. I read in the papers that our
comrades at Pirelli did the same thing.
605
00:42:34,343 --> 00:42:38,214
But it led to nothing more
than the loss of 50 million
606
00:42:38,614 --> 00:42:40,015
for those in power.
607
00:42:40,115 --> 00:42:43,252
We must organize ourselves to fight
the power of the bourgeois state,
608
00:42:43,352 --> 00:42:46,155
against its cops, its
army which attacks us
609
00:42:46,255 --> 00:42:48,524
to keep us in order -
610
00:42:48,624 --> 00:42:51,794
7 - The Police State
the old order, the same old crap.
611
00:44:25,421 --> 00:44:28,757
Defeat - Provocation
612
00:44:33,429 --> 00:44:36,632
I robbed the First National City Bank -
613
00:44:36,799 --> 00:44:38,500
$50,000.
614
00:44:42,738 --> 00:44:46,976
I shot the driver of the
Lightedfoot to Heroklod train.
615
00:44:52,481 --> 00:44:55,384
I kidnapped the son of
the director of Citroën.
616
00:45:03,192 --> 00:45:06,929
I shot dead the Sheriff of West Berlin.
617
00:45:14,603 --> 00:45:16,338
So we have the same enemies.
618
00:45:18,807 --> 00:45:22,111
I'd like to get together
with you to find out
619
00:45:22,211 --> 00:45:26,048
why we have the same enemies
and why we must continue the fight.
620
00:45:34,757 --> 00:45:37,126
New Defeat - New Provocation
621
00:45:38,327 --> 00:45:39,361
Speak!
622
00:45:40,996 --> 00:45:43,432
Why do you exploit the
sexuality of the proletariat?
623
00:45:44,200 --> 00:45:47,169
Why do you give back in words what
you've already given back in deeds?
624
00:45:48,070 --> 00:45:50,840
Speak! Speak!
625
00:45:51,373 --> 00:45:54,844
A week of struggle.
Saturday the 17th,
626
00:45:55,277 --> 00:45:57,746
the iron mines of
Anderny-Chevillon.
627
00:46:00,916 --> 00:46:03,819
24-hour strike against
the latest dismissals.
628
00:46:05,421 --> 00:46:08,691
Monday the 19th,
Vendel-Sibelon Ayot.
629
00:46:11,126 --> 00:46:15,130
Strike for a wage increase
of 0. 80 francs an hour.
630
00:46:15,531 --> 00:46:18,000
Three out of nine
blast furnaces are shut down.
631
00:46:21,437 --> 00:46:22,538
Tuesday the 20th,
632
00:46:23,272 --> 00:46:28,377
National Institute of Astronomy
and Geophysics. Strike by 150
633
00:46:29,078 --> 00:46:31,380
technicians for job security.
634
00:46:31,514 --> 00:46:33,983
Wednesday the 21st,
Liquid Air.
635
00:46:34,316 --> 00:46:40,489
The steel-workers strike against
the intrigues of union officials.
636
00:46:42,258 --> 00:46:43,592
Thursday the 22nd,
637
00:46:44,093 --> 00:46:46,562
Maudit paper-mill in Quimper.
638
00:46:47,196 --> 00:46:49,131
Provocation through disorder.
Insult.
639
00:46:49,231 --> 00:46:52,401
New provocation. New insult.
Until their downfall.
640
00:46:52,501 --> 00:46:55,905
That is the logic of the imperialists
and reactionaries of the world.
641
00:46:56,005 --> 00:46:57,406
They'll never change this logic.
642
00:46:58,841 --> 00:47:02,011
New strike against
the dismissal of militants.
643
00:47:03,179 --> 00:47:04,513
Friday the 23rd,
644
00:47:04,880 --> 00:47:07,316
Lycée Bergson, Paris 19.
645
00:47:10,686 --> 00:47:13,889
The Lycée has been closed by the
Rector of the Academy of Paris
646
00:47:16,492 --> 00:47:18,627
and plain-clothes police
guard the various entrances.
647
00:47:18,727 --> 00:47:22,598
Struggle. Defeat. New struggle. And so
to victory. Such is the people's logic.
648
00:47:29,371 --> 00:47:33,475
The rashness of revolutionaries has
always been the policeman's best ally.
649
00:47:40,349 --> 00:47:42,484
Don't go directly to meeting-places.
650
00:47:46,088 --> 00:47:50,459
Make a detour through a less busy
street to make sure you're not followed.
651
00:47:52,461 --> 00:47:54,096
Write as little as possible.
652
00:47:56,298 --> 00:47:58,234
Train yourself to
remember addresses.
653
00:48:03,072 --> 00:48:07,142
In case of emergency, remember a
Christian name is better than a surname,
654
00:48:09,178 --> 00:48:11,714
and an initial is better
than a Christian name.
655
00:48:14,083 --> 00:48:17,853
Make appointments over the
phone only with small talk.
656
00:48:26,161 --> 00:48:29,265
Don't try to find out what
you should not know.
657
00:48:30,432 --> 00:48:34,103
Remember that the enemy
is capable of anything.
658
00:48:34,370 --> 00:48:38,340
Never be misled when they say:
"We know everything. "
659
00:48:38,474 --> 00:48:39,675
This is never true.
660
00:48:43,312 --> 00:48:44,780
Before the police
or legal authorities,
661
00:48:44,880 --> 00:48:49,418
never give in to the unhealthy,
idealistic bourgeois habit
662
00:48:49,618 --> 00:48:52,087
of establishing or
re-establishing the truth.
663
00:48:52,188 --> 00:48:57,393
In this fight there is no common truth
between the exploiting and exploited class.
664
00:48:59,495 --> 00:49:01,931
Fight, defeat.
Another fight, another defeat.
665
00:49:02,031 --> 00:49:06,135
Another fight, and so to victory.
Such is the people's logic -
666
00:49:06,235 --> 00:49:10,739
the people's logic - and they
will never go against this logic.
667
00:49:21,283 --> 00:49:22,918
But how shall we
recognize one another?
668
00:49:23,953 --> 00:49:27,256
Not only recognize one another,
but also let oneself be recognized.
669
00:49:29,024 --> 00:49:31,794
Right. All we have
to do is make armbands.
670
00:49:34,196 --> 00:49:35,197
May 1st
671
00:49:35,297 --> 00:49:37,299
Struggle:
Madrid Cordoba Peking Watts
672
00:49:37,399 --> 00:49:40,069
Spectacle:
Moscow Paris Bucharest Algiers
673
00:49:42,705 --> 00:49:45,674
Right. But that's not
everything. What color?
674
00:49:45,908 --> 00:49:47,076
Listen. Look.
675
00:50:04,460 --> 00:50:06,262
Second part of the film.
676
00:50:06,362 --> 00:50:09,665
You have shown a mechanism: the strike,
the delegate, the general assembly,
677
00:50:09,765 --> 00:50:12,301
repression, police state, etc.
678
00:50:12,468 --> 00:50:14,837
The real movement,
May '68 France,
679
00:50:14,937 --> 00:50:17,840
'68-'69 Italy,
you have made a film.
680
00:50:17,940 --> 00:50:19,175
How did you make it?
681
00:50:19,341 --> 00:50:22,711
Now critique, now
struggle, now transform.
682
00:50:22,912 --> 00:50:26,815
Don't forget it's difficult for
any individual to avoid mistakes.
683
00:50:26,982 --> 00:50:30,920
Their correction lies in the general
movement towards Marxist education.
684
00:50:31,220 --> 00:50:33,956
Start again at the beginning,
with the people.
685
00:50:34,056 --> 00:50:36,392
Be critical of your lack
of liaison with the people.
686
00:50:36,659 --> 00:50:39,395
Liaison with the People
Pass on the people's ideas, concentrate on...
687
00:50:39,495 --> 00:50:41,463
It's not enough to have an aim,
688
00:50:41,564 --> 00:50:45,334
you've got to solve the methods which
will allow you to accomplish this.
689
00:50:45,434 --> 00:50:49,305
Your method is wrong. You think
that it's enough to quote Mao,
690
00:50:49,405 --> 00:50:54,043
then go to the country and film farm
workers to unite with the rural masses.
691
00:50:54,276 --> 00:50:57,713
... the correct formula for the job,
692
00:50:57,880 --> 00:51:01,617
for production and for the
basic notions of direction.
693
00:51:02,084 --> 00:51:03,986
In every political
activity of our party,
694
00:51:04,086 --> 00:51:08,390
the correct direction must be
based on the following principles.
695
00:51:10,392 --> 00:51:13,495
You still talk in slogans
and poster language,
696
00:51:13,596 --> 00:51:16,565
and you're still apart from
the people, you're not in sync,
697
00:51:16,665 --> 00:51:20,569
you're outside the real struggle.
Think what your situation really is.
698
00:51:20,669 --> 00:51:25,241
Use our Chinese comrades' quotations so
they become effective political instruments,
699
00:51:25,374 --> 00:51:28,811
not a ready-made solution.
You shout, make predictions,
700
00:51:28,911 --> 00:51:31,447
spread opinions, but you
don't really question.
701
00:51:35,351 --> 00:51:38,787
I've been to the people again,
discussing and explaining these words,
702
00:51:38,888 --> 00:51:41,590
so that the people can accept,
703
00:51:41,690 --> 00:51:44,326
approve and apply them.
704
00:51:44,426 --> 00:51:46,929
To verify the correctness of these
ideas in the people's activities.
705
00:51:47,029 --> 00:51:49,899
And again, to bring the ideas of the
people together and spread them.
706
00:51:49,999 --> 00:51:51,700
See, you say you question.
707
00:51:52,234 --> 00:51:56,138
But you do it poorly. As a result
you practice bourgeois sociology.
708
00:51:56,305 --> 00:52:01,010
Instead of trying to expose the real forces
of social class, you make cinéma vérité.
709
00:52:01,343 --> 00:52:04,813
You show the misery of the
people, but not their struggle.
710
00:52:04,947 --> 00:52:08,250
And by not showing their struggle, you
deny them the means of struggling.
711
00:52:08,350 --> 00:52:13,255
Your cinema, images, sounds, are those of
bourgeois television and its revisionist allies.
712
00:52:13,355 --> 00:52:15,824
This debate will be
continued indefinitely,
713
00:52:15,925 --> 00:52:20,362
the ideas becoming clearer, livelier
and more complex. That is the theory.
714
00:52:22,498 --> 00:52:24,567
Listen. You do more than that.
715
00:52:24,667 --> 00:52:27,803
You film blocks of flats and
think you are filming people.
716
00:52:28,003 --> 00:52:30,973
You've never even started
to consider your real position.
717
00:52:31,073 --> 00:52:33,309
You started by making an inquiry,
but from where did you start?
718
00:52:33,442 --> 00:52:36,278
You know there is
no cinema above class,
719
00:52:36,378 --> 00:52:38,781
no cinema above the class struggle.
720
00:52:38,914 --> 00:52:40,282
But what does this mean?
721
00:52:40,449 --> 00:52:43,819
It means that the dominant
material power of the society,
722
00:52:43,919 --> 00:52:47,823
the dominant class, is also the one
which creates, in and with its films,
723
00:52:47,923 --> 00:52:49,525
the dominant images.
724
00:52:49,658 --> 00:52:52,461
It means that these images
are those of its domination.
725
00:52:52,628 --> 00:52:55,364
You are involved in the struggle, but
here and now, how are you struggling?
726
00:52:55,898 --> 00:52:59,235
You make a film. You
make images and sounds.
727
00:52:59,368 --> 00:53:05,074
What to do? You have the means
of making films at your disposal.
728
00:53:05,207 --> 00:53:07,710
What is to be done to
make images and sounds
729
00:53:07,843 --> 00:53:10,846
which do not depict the
hegemony of the dominant class?
730
00:53:11,280 --> 00:53:13,983
Yes, what to do. You must not
be afraid to know where you are.
731
00:53:14,083 --> 00:53:16,619
You must not be afraid to know
where you can start. Where are you?
732
00:53:16,785 --> 00:53:19,355
You are in France,
your are in Italy, in Germany.
733
00:53:19,455 --> 00:53:22,625
You are in an imperialist branch
of the prevailing imperialism.
734
00:53:22,725 --> 00:53:25,694
Where are you? In Prague,
in Warsaw and in Berlin,
735
00:53:25,794 --> 00:53:28,631
in some revisionist
agency of revisionism.
736
00:53:28,998 --> 00:53:32,034
If you're not working for
Brezhnev Studios-Mosfilm,
737
00:53:32,134 --> 00:53:34,236
you are working
for Nixon-Paramount.
738
00:53:34,336 --> 00:53:36,605
It means that ultimately you
are always doing the same thing,
739
00:53:36,705 --> 00:53:39,208
because when you
work for Brezhnev-Mosfilm,
740
00:53:39,341 --> 00:53:44,146
you are in fact a lackey to the
other master, Nixon-Paramount.
741
00:53:44,280 --> 00:53:47,716
You forget this master has been
demanding the same film for 50 years.
742
00:53:47,783 --> 00:53:50,319
You forget this film has
one name - the Western -
743
00:53:50,419 --> 00:53:52,021
and this is not by chance.
744
00:53:52,421 --> 00:53:53,822
You start your investigation,
745
00:53:53,923 --> 00:53:58,394
and you learn that your methods are
influenced by the dominant ideology.
746
00:53:58,527 --> 00:54:01,263
Don't confuse your primary
tasks and secondary tasks.
747
00:54:01,363 --> 00:54:04,133
Though it lasts only the
duration of one sequence,
748
00:54:04,233 --> 00:54:07,636
in this film the principal task is theory.
749
00:54:07,736 --> 00:54:11,740
A - Theory
750
00:54:12,975 --> 00:54:15,477
Hollywood. Producers. Factory.
751
00:54:16,378 --> 00:54:19,849
Hollywood shows the form of cinema
as something wonderful, dreamlike,
752
00:54:20,015 --> 00:54:21,851
to which you must pay admission.
753
00:54:22,017 --> 00:54:25,688
But this dream is also a
weapon in Hollywood's hands.
754
00:54:25,821 --> 00:54:30,192
Hollywood wants you to believe this dream
is reality, more real than reality itself.
755
00:54:30,426 --> 00:54:33,796
Hollywood tries to fool you, and will
use any means to achieve its ends.
756
00:54:33,929 --> 00:54:37,099
Hollywood wants you to believe this
image of a horse is really a horse
757
00:54:37,233 --> 00:54:41,504
and that this image of a horse is more real
than a horse, which it isn't to begin with.
758
00:54:41,937 --> 00:54:44,840
Hollywood makes you believe this
movie Indian is more real than an Indian,
759
00:54:45,007 --> 00:54:48,410
and that the extra on horseback is
more real than a Union soldier.
760
00:54:48,811 --> 00:54:52,515
This extra is called an actor.
This actor is called a character.
761
00:54:52,648 --> 00:54:56,185
The adventures of these
characters are called a film
762
00:54:56,452 --> 00:54:59,088
and the making of
this film is called direction.
763
00:54:59,388 --> 00:55:01,657
To this end,
all means are acceptable:
764
00:55:01,790 --> 00:55:05,027
costumes, make-up,
disguises, performances.
765
00:55:05,494 --> 00:55:09,598
Every year Hollywood decorates and
rewards the best producers in the world.
766
00:55:09,732 --> 00:55:14,670
The game goes on. The imperialist
image of reality passes for reality itself.
767
00:55:15,871 --> 00:55:19,508
The Moscow Film Festival.
The Pesaro Film Festival.
768
00:55:20,009 --> 00:55:21,577
The Leipzig Film Festival.
769
00:55:23,612 --> 00:55:25,214
I am General Motor!
770
00:55:26,582 --> 00:55:28,217
I am General Motor!
771
00:55:34,957 --> 00:55:38,227
What is being done in the
Brezhnev-Mosfilm zone of influence?
772
00:55:38,527 --> 00:55:41,897
What films are made in Algiers?
What films are made in Havana?
773
00:55:42,698 --> 00:55:46,802
There is a struggle against Nixon-
Paramount, but what is really going on?
774
00:55:46,936 --> 00:55:51,640
Progressive cinema has understood film is
the relationship between image and sound.
775
00:55:52,074 --> 00:55:55,044
But is progressive cinema
examining this relationship seriously?
776
00:55:55,211 --> 00:55:58,214
Where does this relationship come from?
How does it work? For whom? Against whom?
777
00:55:58,981 --> 00:56:01,851
No, the progressive cinema
does not ask itself these questions.
778
00:56:01,984 --> 00:56:06,355
Why does it refuse to question in class terms?
Sometimes it modifies sound, sometimes image.
779
00:56:06,488 --> 00:56:10,459
It imagines it creates new relationships,
but mistaking quantity for quality,
780
00:56:10,593 --> 00:56:12,561
it only modifies these
relationships abstractly.
781
00:56:12,695 --> 00:56:15,998
Brezhnev-Mosfilm claims it is
attacking Nixon-Paramount,
782
00:56:16,131 --> 00:56:18,367
but in reality it supports it.
783
00:56:21,770 --> 00:56:25,407
Underground. London. Paris.
784
00:56:25,941 --> 00:56:27,977
Amsterdam. New York.
785
00:57:16,826 --> 00:57:19,261
Here is a cinema
which thinks it is liberated.
786
00:57:19,895 --> 00:57:23,299
Here, for example, a sound which
thinks it is liberating an image.
787
00:57:23,866 --> 00:57:25,868
A cinema which thinks
it is liberated.
788
00:57:26,135 --> 00:57:28,804
A drug cinema. A sex cinema.
789
00:57:29,271 --> 00:57:32,308
A cinema which claims it
has been liberated by poetry.
790
00:57:32,842 --> 00:57:36,478
A cinema without taboos,
except against the class struggle.
791
00:57:37,379 --> 00:57:40,816
A class cinema, the
flunky of Nixon-Paramount,
792
00:57:40,983 --> 00:57:42,952
the flunky of imperialism.
793
00:57:58,234 --> 00:57:59,768
You mentioned at the beginning
794
00:57:59,902 --> 00:58:03,772
a road laid out by the history
of the revolutionary movement.
795
00:58:05,774 --> 00:58:08,210
But where is it?
In front? Behind?
796
00:58:08,344 --> 00:58:10,446
Left? Right? And how?
797
00:58:11,013 --> 00:58:12,648
You have changed your method.
798
00:58:12,948 --> 00:58:16,051
You asked the cinema of
the Third World where it was.
799
00:58:19,088 --> 00:58:22,591
Pardon me for disturbing your
class struggle. I know it is important.
800
00:58:22,725 --> 00:58:25,094
But which is the
way to the political film?
801
00:58:26,595 --> 00:58:30,366
That way is the unknown
cinema, the cinema of adventure.
802
00:58:31,667 --> 00:58:34,770
And that way is
the Third World cinema,
803
00:58:34,970 --> 00:58:38,040
a dangerous cinema,
divine and marvelous.
804
00:58:38,474 --> 00:58:42,545
A cinema of the oppression
of imperialist consumption
805
00:58:42,711 --> 00:58:45,614
is a dangerous cinema,
a marvellous cinema,
806
00:58:45,748 --> 00:58:50,419
a cinema out to repress the
fascist oppression of terrorism.
807
00:58:53,389 --> 00:58:56,292
And there you discovered
the complexities of the struggle.
808
00:58:56,458 --> 00:58:59,395
You discovered that you
lack the means of analyzing it.
809
00:59:21,217 --> 00:59:23,385
You're back to
the concrete situation.
810
00:59:23,619 --> 00:59:26,722
In Italy, in France, in Germany,
in Warsaw, in Prague,
811
00:59:26,856 --> 00:59:29,758
you have seen that the
materialist film emerges only
812
00:59:29,892 --> 00:59:34,930
when it confronts, in terms of class struggle,
the bourgeois notion of representation.
813
00:59:36,432 --> 00:59:40,035
Struggle against the bourgeois
notion of representation.
814
00:59:44,340 --> 00:59:47,576
Struggle against the bourgeois
notion of representation.
815
00:59:47,743 --> 00:59:50,746
Yes. To wrest the means of
production from imperialist hands,
816
00:59:50,913 --> 00:59:53,349
in order to wrest ideological
domination from them.
817
00:59:53,849 --> 00:59:57,653
The bourgeoisie talks about representation.
But what does it mean by that?
818
00:59:57,820 --> 01:00:01,490
In 10 seconds you will be looking at a
character on a bourgeois film screen.
819
01:00:01,624 --> 01:00:04,126
He is a character from a Western,
from a psychological drama,
820
01:00:04,260 --> 01:00:07,196
a police film, or a historical film.
It doesn't matter.
821
01:00:07,329 --> 01:00:11,267
In fact he's always the seducer. He
describes the room where you are sitting.
822
01:00:19,008 --> 01:00:20,476
He says he is in the dark.
823
01:00:25,748 --> 01:00:27,716
He says there are
more people in the balcony.
824
01:00:30,653 --> 01:00:32,721
He says there's an
old man in the fifth row.
825
01:00:46,468 --> 01:00:48,671
He says there's a
good-looking girl at the back.
826
01:00:56,212 --> 01:00:59,548
He says he'd like to lay her.
He'd like to give her flowers.
827
01:01:03,352 --> 01:01:05,488
He asks her to
join him on the screen.
828
01:01:06,555 --> 01:01:07,857
There's lots of green.
829
01:01:08,824 --> 01:01:09,925
Blue skies.
830
01:01:11,093 --> 01:01:12,394
The air is clear.
831
01:01:14,563 --> 01:01:17,633
"Don't you believe it? Then
come here, you bunch of turds!"
832
01:01:22,137 --> 01:01:23,806
"Wonderful summer day. "
833
01:01:24,340 --> 01:01:27,076
"Sunshine. Truth. "
834
01:01:30,346 --> 01:01:33,549
Struggle against the bourgeois
notion of representation.
835
01:01:33,682 --> 01:01:37,653
Wrest the means of production from
the hands of the dominant ideology.
836
01:01:37,786 --> 01:01:39,555
That is to say, maximum program.
837
01:01:40,189 --> 01:01:45,261
Maximum. To be able to say:
this image is red. Red. Red.
838
01:01:45,394 --> 01:01:49,832
Without a workers' and peasants'
triple alliance with the military.
839
01:01:50,065 --> 01:01:52,601
Minimum program, minimum.
840
01:01:52,701 --> 01:01:57,239
Spell it out. Know how to learn. And
knowing how to learn means first, for you,
841
01:01:57,506 --> 01:02:01,143
to look in the face the whole
bitter, absurd, dirty spectacle.
842
01:02:01,310 --> 01:02:03,646
The spectacle of the
revisionist school teacher,
843
01:02:03,979 --> 01:02:06,682
who collaborates in reinforcing the
ideological power of the bourgeoisie.
844
01:02:07,249 --> 01:02:11,821
The Communist Party has
decided to give the people culture.
845
01:02:12,488 --> 01:02:15,291
Miss Althusser, what
people have we got here?
846
01:02:15,558 --> 01:02:17,560
First, the people of the Third World.
847
01:02:17,893 --> 01:02:20,229
Let the people of the
Third World come forward.
848
01:02:20,462 --> 01:02:22,832
Will the people of the Third
World come forward please.
849
01:02:28,404 --> 01:02:31,207
How to read Das Kapital.
Good.
850
01:02:35,845 --> 01:02:39,315
"To the people of the Third World...
851
01:02:41,650 --> 01:02:45,554
"with esteem and friendship."
852
01:02:47,423 --> 01:02:48,390
One moment.
853
01:02:49,058 --> 01:02:50,893
Start at chapter two.
854
01:02:54,096 --> 01:02:56,765
What did the revisionist
school teacher just say?
855
01:02:56,999 --> 01:03:01,971
He said: "Read Das Kapital."
He did not say to use it. Use it.
856
01:03:02,371 --> 01:03:04,306
He criticizes the
defects of the people,
857
01:03:04,440 --> 01:03:08,110
but he does not do this
from the people's point of view.
858
01:03:08,444 --> 01:03:12,047
By treating a comrade like an enemy,
he has taken the position of the enemy.
859
01:03:12,214 --> 01:03:16,118
Struggle
860
01:03:23,058 --> 01:03:24,860
I learned to play music.
861
01:03:27,696 --> 01:03:28,631
Good, no?
862
01:03:32,001 --> 01:03:36,005
It's nice? Isn't it nice? Wait...
863
01:03:51,453 --> 01:03:54,290
Isn't it pretty?
You must like my music!
864
01:03:58,260 --> 01:03:59,728
My music isn't good?
865
01:04:34,029 --> 01:04:35,865
Did you take part
in the class struggle?
866
01:04:35,998 --> 01:04:38,734
Yes. I was at Cléon.
867
01:04:38,868 --> 01:04:40,336
Were you at Strasbourg?
868
01:04:40,703 --> 01:04:41,937
Were you at Sochaux?
869
01:04:43,172 --> 01:04:45,641
Were you in South America?
Were you at Battipaglia?
870
01:04:45,808 --> 01:04:48,744
I was at Battipaglia.
I did my self-criticism.
871
01:04:49,912 --> 01:04:52,381
Did you take part in the demonstration
against Rockefeller's visit?
872
01:04:52,548 --> 01:04:55,284
Yes, I did that too.
I did my self-criticism,
873
01:04:55,417 --> 01:04:57,520
the class struggle,
and learned to play music.
874
01:04:57,653 --> 01:05:00,222
Were you at the May celebrations
in Madrid, forbidden by Franco?
875
01:05:00,356 --> 01:05:05,027
Yes, I was at the May celebrations
in Madrid. I learned music there too.
876
01:05:05,294 --> 01:05:06,695
- And what did you play there?
- Listen.
877
01:05:19,175 --> 01:05:23,512
Struggle
878
01:05:24,313 --> 01:05:25,147
Not quite right, is it?
879
01:05:25,281 --> 01:05:26,348
No, not quite right.
880
01:05:27,283 --> 01:05:28,951
Maybe I should go on.
881
01:05:29,952 --> 01:05:34,123
I'll go on with the class struggle and
self-criticism. It'll be better afterwards.
882
01:05:40,262 --> 01:05:41,764
Class medicine. France.
883
01:05:41,897 --> 01:05:46,235
Text from a medical school handbook
on industrial medicine for 5th-year students:
884
01:05:46,468 --> 01:05:48,737
"The fatigue index is
less related to objective criteria
885
01:05:48,871 --> 01:05:51,440
"than to subjective
or personality factors.
886
01:05:51,574 --> 01:05:54,376
"For measuring fatigue, the
department chief and the foreman
887
01:05:54,543 --> 01:05:56,412
"are in the best position.
888
01:05:56,545 --> 01:06:01,317
"They are direct witness to diminishing
efforts and lowering production rate.
889
01:06:01,450 --> 01:06:04,653
"For the doctor, the task is to
discover the origins of this fatigue.
890
01:06:04,854 --> 01:06:08,858
"The medical student learns he must
work hand in hand with the foreman
891
01:06:08,991 --> 01:06:12,228
"and thus becomes in a way
his scientific alter ego. "
892
01:06:12,394 --> 01:06:16,532
For these guardian angels of capitalism,
there is a clear division of labor:
893
01:06:16,665 --> 01:06:18,200
one finds the ills,
the other cures them.
894
01:06:18,334 --> 01:06:21,770
Both play the same role
in the social division of labor.
895
01:06:21,904 --> 01:06:23,606
Surveillance and repression.
896
01:06:26,742 --> 01:06:28,544
People's medicine. China.
897
01:06:28,711 --> 01:06:31,046
Transformation of the
medical and sanitary system
898
01:06:31,180 --> 01:06:34,316
is an important part in the transformation
of the social superstructure.
899
01:06:34,583 --> 01:06:37,720
After the founding of the
new China - the new China -
900
01:06:37,853 --> 01:06:41,590
a series of provisions were made to ensure
medical care and hygienic assistance
901
01:06:41,724 --> 01:06:43,225
for the rural population.
902
01:06:43,459 --> 01:06:46,462
The workers' health
improved considerably,
903
01:06:46,595 --> 01:06:50,432
but Lio-Tsa-Tsji, that eternal
renegade, took the revisionist way
904
01:06:50,566 --> 01:06:52,635
in medicine and health care.
905
01:06:52,768 --> 01:06:55,371
He wanted to centralize
the service in the cities.
906
01:06:55,504 --> 01:06:59,074
He entered into the erroneous theory
of hospitals worthy of the name.
907
01:06:59,241 --> 01:07:03,646
The lack of doctors and pharmaceutical
products in the rural areas
908
01:07:03,779 --> 01:07:08,117
was one of the reasons China was not
fundamentally changed for a long period.
909
01:07:08,250 --> 01:07:11,954
The great cultural revolution
of the proletariat - proletariat -
910
01:07:12,087 --> 01:07:15,524
broke up this revisionist
counter-revolutionary tendency.
911
01:07:15,658 --> 01:07:19,962
The poor and semi-poor peasants took
the health system into their own hands.
912
01:07:20,095 --> 01:07:23,432
They have set up medical labs and
they run ambulance services.
913
01:07:23,599 --> 01:07:27,436
Thus the area of medical health in the
countryside was rapidly changed.
914
01:07:27,570 --> 01:07:31,173
Thus in the commune of Yong Fang,
in the Nanking district,
915
01:07:31,307 --> 01:07:35,244
the 79 production groups have many
medical workers at their disposal.
916
01:07:35,544 --> 01:07:38,481
In general, minor wounds and illnesses
are treated within each group,
917
01:07:38,614 --> 01:07:42,251
while minor operations
are carried out in the commune.
918
01:07:42,384 --> 01:07:44,854
A co-operative system
has begun to be enforced,
919
01:07:44,987 --> 01:07:49,625
and poor and semi-poor peasants
are ensured immediate treatment.
920
01:07:56,599 --> 01:07:59,869
Struggle - Critique
921
01:08:00,903 --> 01:08:04,373
Les Beaux Quartiers,
by Marcel Proust, page 145.
922
01:08:04,907 --> 01:08:06,809
Death to bourgeois culture!
923
01:08:09,378 --> 01:08:13,182
"I've never been able to remember the
room which gave onto the street... "
924
01:08:13,682 --> 01:08:15,718
Death to bourgeois culture!
925
01:08:16,352 --> 01:08:21,390
"Thus there exists only one way of speaking.
Once in the hotel, there was no embankment... "
926
01:08:21,524 --> 01:08:23,526
Death to bourgeois culture!
927
01:08:24,193 --> 01:08:27,596
"... not even the San Marco canal,
the crowd and the pigeons... "
928
01:08:27,796 --> 01:08:29,732
Death to bourgeois culture!
929
01:08:30,432 --> 01:08:35,337
"... the sun in the distance on San Giorgio
Maggiore. That was a world in itself, by itself... "
930
01:08:35,471 --> 01:08:37,540
Death to bourgeois culture!
931
01:08:38,374 --> 01:08:41,544
"... and for itself, as they say.
The steps, the passages... "
932
01:08:42,011 --> 01:08:43,979
Death to bourgeois culture!
933
01:08:44,647 --> 01:08:49,552
"... the dreary walls of the room's upper part
in darkness. Due to the lamps, one loses... "
934
01:08:49,819 --> 01:08:51,954
Death to bourgeois culture!
935
01:08:52,288 --> 01:08:56,759
He doesn't listen to the revisionist teacher.
He doesn't start from the second chapter.
936
01:08:56,892 --> 01:08:59,528
He starts from the first chapter
of Das Kapital by Karl Marx.
937
01:08:59,662 --> 01:09:01,363
He reads to serve himself.
938
01:09:01,497 --> 01:09:05,100
"The wealth of societies in which
capitalist means of production are found
939
01:09:05,234 --> 01:09:07,570
"consists of merchandise. Merchandise.
940
01:09:07,703 --> 01:09:10,539
"Merchandise is a thing which
possesses practical value,
941
01:09:10,673 --> 01:09:13,175
"and it exists in all social forms.
942
01:09:13,342 --> 01:09:17,413
"But in capitalist society the utility value
is at the same time the material basis
943
01:09:17,580 --> 01:09:18,781
"of an exchange value. "
944
01:09:18,948 --> 01:09:19,915
Things and words...
945
01:09:20,049 --> 01:09:23,986
Open fire on the revisionist intellectual,
the unwitting ally of bourgeois culture.
946
01:09:24,119 --> 01:09:27,723
... Laurent Leroy, Central Committee
of the French Communist Party.
947
01:09:27,857 --> 01:09:31,961
Open fire on the revisionist intellectual,
the unwitting ally of bourgeois culture.
948
01:09:32,094 --> 01:09:36,899
"Throughout the mercantile experience, the
control of wealth is made up of the same... "
949
01:09:37,032 --> 01:09:39,068
Death, fire, death.
950
01:09:39,635 --> 01:09:43,539
The theory of Marx - Engels -
Lenin has universal value.
951
01:09:43,672 --> 01:09:47,309
It should not be considered as
dogma but as a guide to action.
952
01:09:48,077 --> 01:09:52,081
For example, in France, young workers
in a provincial training center
953
01:09:52,414 --> 01:09:58,020
threw out the Maréchal factories representative
who had come to supervise examinations.
954
01:09:58,154 --> 01:10:02,591
You must not be satisfied with
learning Marxist-Leninist terminology;
955
01:10:02,725 --> 01:10:06,695
Marxist-Leninism has to be learned
as the science of revolution.
956
01:10:07,062 --> 01:10:11,767
It is not enough just to study the general
laws set down by Marx, Engels and Lenin,
957
01:10:11,901 --> 01:10:16,505
based on their extensive studies
of life and revolutionary experience.
958
01:10:16,639 --> 01:10:19,542
You must also examine the
methods and arguments they use
959
01:10:19,708 --> 01:10:22,111
in studying and solving problems.
960
01:10:24,747 --> 01:10:26,682
For example, in Italy,
961
01:10:26,949 --> 01:10:30,252
deprived of water and electricity
for three days, for having
962
01:10:30,386 --> 01:10:32,454
refused to pay higher rates,
963
01:10:32,822 --> 01:10:36,759
the inhabitants of the small town of
Mezzogiorno occupied the town hall,
964
01:10:37,226 --> 01:10:41,263
stopped the trains and built barricades.
965
01:10:41,497 --> 01:10:45,401
For example, to know how to
arm yourself with self-criticism.
966
01:10:45,835 --> 01:10:50,139
Ten minutes ago, I wanted to educate the
Third World; and now I do my self-criticism.
967
01:10:50,272 --> 01:10:51,440
Paragraph 1:
968
01:10:51,740 --> 01:10:53,742
"And what was the
university in the past?
969
01:10:54,109 --> 01:10:58,013
"The university has frequently been
called a kindergarten for adults.
970
01:10:58,180 --> 01:11:01,283
"It is true that the majority of
those who went to university... "
971
01:11:02,284 --> 01:11:03,219
Quiet!
972
01:11:03,419 --> 01:11:06,622
"... went there because people sent them
and because people wanted to send them. "
973
01:11:06,755 --> 01:11:09,625
I'm doing my self-criticism.
Let me continue!
974
01:11:10,392 --> 01:11:11,894
Paragraph 2:
975
01:11:12,561 --> 01:11:15,397
"And what were the contents of... "
976
01:11:15,865 --> 01:11:19,835
Comrades! I come from Fiat.
Fiat is my university.
977
01:11:20,302 --> 01:11:23,272
The comrades wrote a pamphlet.
978
01:11:29,478 --> 01:11:34,383
With "Commissione Liceo Gioberti"
we made a pamphlet, with five questions.
979
01:11:34,617 --> 01:11:36,652
"What do you think about your work?"
980
01:11:36,785 --> 01:11:38,020
Strike!
981
01:11:38,354 --> 01:11:40,122
"What are your demands?"
982
01:11:40,256 --> 01:11:41,557
Revolution!
983
01:11:42,224 --> 01:11:45,327
"Which form of struggle and organization
do you find most effective?"
984
01:11:45,461 --> 01:11:47,029
Strike!
985
01:11:47,930 --> 01:11:52,034
"What help can the student movement
give to the workers' struggle?"
986
01:11:52,168 --> 01:11:53,302
Strike!
987
01:11:53,435 --> 01:11:59,642
"Would it be useful to form a massive organization
in Italy of young workers and students?"
988
01:12:01,477 --> 01:12:03,212
Time to go - I've got a class at Pirelli.
989
01:12:03,379 --> 01:12:06,882
We have practical tasks at Pirelli -
they've occupied the factory. I'm going.
990
01:12:15,791 --> 01:12:18,561
It's time that teaching
is revealed to the masses
991
01:12:18,694 --> 01:12:21,063
as a weapon in the
hands of the bourgeoisie.
992
01:12:21,330 --> 01:12:26,302
The number of those who tolerate their role
as victims and accomplices will diminish.
993
01:12:26,535 --> 01:12:28,904
The camouflage
no longer hides anything -
994
01:12:29,071 --> 01:12:33,476
neither the nature of our society nor the
special place reserved for those who study
995
01:12:33,642 --> 01:12:35,411
to become servants of the bourgeoisie.
996
01:12:35,611 --> 01:12:39,515
A niche and a status in the comfortable
propriety of the bourgeoisie.
997
01:12:46,188 --> 01:12:49,158
Good. You have developed
your theory of alphabetization.
998
01:12:49,558 --> 01:12:54,063
You've seen this too was a front in the battle.
Good. Now back to practical things.
999
01:12:54,263 --> 01:12:56,732
France, May-June '68.
1000
01:12:56,899 --> 01:13:00,136
For several months there was
only one word: "autonomy".
1001
01:13:00,402 --> 01:13:03,339
This word has a dark
and confusing history.
1002
01:13:03,472 --> 01:13:06,208
Turin '19.
Barcelona '37.
1003
01:13:06,375 --> 01:13:08,677
A week in Budapest '56.
1004
01:13:09,011 --> 01:13:11,447
You have been theorizing.
You began in May.
1005
01:13:11,680 --> 01:13:14,884
Tell me about autonomy.
Find the right words.
1006
01:13:45,948 --> 01:13:48,617
Listen, is that what
you call the right terms?
1007
01:13:48,784 --> 01:13:52,154
You speak even more
abstractly than before. Think.
1008
01:13:52,621 --> 01:13:55,858
The concrete situation. Autonomy.
1009
01:13:56,325 --> 01:13:58,828
Example: Yugoslavia.
1010
01:14:04,333 --> 01:14:07,069
The restoration of
capitalism in Yugoslavia...
1011
01:14:09,805 --> 01:14:13,375
... came into being
because public enterprise...
1012
01:14:16,412 --> 01:14:19,882
... which played an important
part in the Yugoslav economy...
1013
01:14:24,286 --> 01:14:26,555
... degenerated and changed.
1014
01:14:30,793 --> 01:14:35,264
The economy of the workers' self-government
is a special kind of state capitalism.
1015
01:14:39,635 --> 01:14:41,403
This state capitalism...
1016
01:14:44,440 --> 01:14:47,943
... is not that which exists
for the needs of the proletariat.
1017
01:14:52,281 --> 01:14:54,116
It is a variety of state capitalism...
1018
01:14:57,586 --> 01:15:01,757
... which exists because of
completely different conditions...
1019
01:15:05,961 --> 01:15:08,964
... caused by the degeneration of
the dictatorship of the proletariat.
1020
01:15:17,673 --> 01:15:22,344
Since 1950, Tito's clique has passed
a series of resolutions and laws
1021
01:15:22,511 --> 01:15:25,381
which are intended to bring about
autonomy of the workers in factories,
1022
01:15:25,514 --> 01:15:29,451
mines, the communications media,
commerce, agriculture, public works
1023
01:15:29,618 --> 01:15:31,387
and all other state enterprises.
1024
01:15:31,520 --> 01:15:35,825
The application of this self-government by
the workers consists of placing enterprises
1025
01:15:35,958 --> 01:15:38,160
under the control of
the workers' collectives.
1026
01:15:38,294 --> 01:15:40,963
These collectives buy
their own raw materials,
1027
01:15:41,096 --> 01:15:45,234
decide which goods they are going
to make, their quantity and their price.
1028
01:15:45,367 --> 01:15:47,603
They sell their
products on the market,
1029
01:15:47,736 --> 01:15:52,475
fix the wages and decide
on the division of the profits.
1030
01:16:02,418 --> 01:16:04,687
From a theoretical point of view,
1031
01:16:04,820 --> 01:16:08,724
everyone with even a little knowledge
of Marxism knows that concepts like
1032
01:16:08,858 --> 01:16:13,262
"autonomy" and "workers' factories"
have never been Marxist concepts,
1033
01:16:13,395 --> 01:16:17,933
but ideas put forward by anarcho-
syndacalists and bourgeois socialists.
1034
01:16:18,267 --> 01:16:21,704
In the Communist Manifesto,
Marx and Engels say:
1035
01:16:21,871 --> 01:16:24,974
"The proletariat will make
use of its political superiority
1036
01:16:25,107 --> 01:16:28,277
"to wrest all monetary power from
the hands of the bourgeoisie
1037
01:16:28,444 --> 01:16:31,714
"and to place all means of
production in the hands of the state. "
1038
01:16:31,847 --> 01:16:34,617
This is a fundamental
socialist principle.
1039
01:16:34,750 --> 01:16:39,522
After the October Revolution, when some
wanted to return factories to the old producers
1040
01:16:39,655 --> 01:16:42,158
so they could organize
production directly,
1041
01:16:42,458 --> 01:16:45,895
Lenin criticized them, saying this
would lead to a reaction against
1042
01:16:46,028 --> 01:16:47,963
the dictatorship of the proletariat.
1043
01:16:50,966 --> 01:16:52,368
For all these reasons...
1044
01:16:54,537 --> 01:16:57,540
... the "worker autonomy"
initiated by the Tito clique...
1045
01:17:00,242 --> 01:17:05,381
... has made public enterprise totally
removed from the orbit of socialist economy.
1046
01:17:07,983 --> 01:17:10,986
The main symptoms
of this phenomenon are:
1047
01:17:13,622 --> 01:17:16,959
1. Suppression of unified
State economic planning.
1048
01:17:20,262 --> 01:17:25,000
2. Profit is considered the main
incentive of the enterprise's program.
1049
01:17:28,037 --> 01:17:31,207
Production policy is
decided by the workers...
1050
01:17:33,609 --> 01:17:36,745
... but it is not geared to
satisfy the needs of society...
1051
01:17:39,081 --> 01:17:43,686
... but serves to realize profits,
exactly as in capitalist enterprises.
1052
01:17:45,921 --> 01:17:51,260
3. Favoring a policy
which encourages free trade.
1053
01:17:55,664 --> 01:17:58,267
4. The use of credit in banking
1054
01:17:58,400 --> 01:18:01,070
to support capitalistic free trade.
1055
01:18:04,507 --> 01:18:08,177
Loans are given to those who can
repay in the shortest possible time...
1056
01:18:09,478 --> 01:18:11,881
... and the rate of interest is high.
1057
01:18:13,816 --> 01:18:16,719
5. The relations between
the various enterprises...
1058
01:18:20,189 --> 01:18:22,691
... are not the socialist
bonds of mutual assistance,
1059
01:18:22,825 --> 01:18:27,163
but the capitalist and competitive
bonds of a so-called free market.
1060
01:18:29,732 --> 01:18:33,269
You see, your ideas are confused.
If you continue, you'll end the film
1061
01:18:33,402 --> 01:18:36,505
by saying that socialism
is a bed of roses.
1062
01:18:40,876 --> 01:18:45,614
It is true that theory, when it reaches
the people, becomes a material force.
1063
01:18:45,748 --> 01:18:47,683
But you need valid ideas.
1064
01:18:47,783 --> 01:18:51,153
Think about the concrete situation.
Re-think your theories.
1065
01:18:51,487 --> 01:18:54,490
Example: the invention
of photography.
1066
01:18:54,590 --> 01:18:56,959
The B Theory
1067
01:18:58,861 --> 01:19:02,631
The invention of photography.
For whom? Against whom?
1068
01:19:02,765 --> 01:19:06,302
The invention of photography.
For whom? Against whom?
1069
01:19:06,602 --> 01:19:08,771
For whom? Against whom?
1070
01:19:12,308 --> 01:19:15,511
For whom? France.
Louis Philippe. The banks.
1071
01:19:15,678 --> 01:19:18,948
Investment. The beginning
of the industrial revolution.
1072
01:19:19,348 --> 01:19:22,284
Accelerated growth of the
proletariat. Class struggle.
1073
01:19:22,485 --> 01:19:25,454
The necessity of changing
the dominant ideology.
1074
01:19:25,554 --> 01:19:29,692
Class struggle. The necessity of hiding
reality from the people. Class struggle.
1075
01:19:29,825 --> 01:19:32,561
The necessity of new means.
Class struggle.
1076
01:19:32,695 --> 01:19:35,698
Photography forces literature
and painting into the background.
1077
01:19:36,532 --> 01:19:38,067
Against whom?
1078
01:19:38,200 --> 01:19:42,538
Against the people in struggle. Photography.
For the bourgeoisie, two functions:
1079
01:19:42,671 --> 01:19:47,209
1. Identification of class enemies.
2. Disguising reality.
1080
01:19:47,409 --> 01:19:52,148
1. In 1871 the police in Versailles
photographed the insurgents.
1081
01:19:52,448 --> 01:19:54,750
2. In 1871, photographs
1082
01:19:54,884 --> 01:19:58,187
of shot communards appeared
in bourgeois newspapers.
1083
01:19:58,787 --> 01:20:01,557
Today: Paris Match/Vietnam.
1084
01:20:01,724 --> 01:20:03,325
Newsweek/Palestine.
1085
01:20:03,459 --> 01:20:05,361
L'Espresso/Brazil.
1086
01:20:30,419 --> 01:20:33,856
Fight the bourgeois
concept of representation.
1087
01:20:33,989 --> 01:20:37,026
Wrest control of the cinema,
photography and television
1088
01:20:37,159 --> 01:20:39,528
from the hands of
the dominant ideology.
1089
01:20:39,762 --> 01:20:41,831
Don't represent
the problem abstractly.
1090
01:20:42,031 --> 01:20:44,967
To make cinema
a revolutionary weapon,
1091
01:20:45,100 --> 01:20:49,305
you have to think through and
with the revolutionary struggle.
1092
01:20:49,905 --> 01:20:51,974
Think and work out the methods.
1093
01:20:52,241 --> 01:20:55,044
Class struggle. Armed struggle.
1094
01:20:59,815 --> 01:21:04,887
The Armed Struggle
1095
01:21:07,056 --> 01:21:09,792
Learn.
Know how to learn.
1096
01:21:10,126 --> 01:21:12,328
Read. Calculate.
1097
01:21:12,528 --> 01:21:15,364
Experiment. Chemistry.
1098
01:21:15,698 --> 01:21:18,567
Mathematics. Electricity.
1099
01:21:19,168 --> 01:21:21,837
Read. Calculate. Learn.
1100
01:21:21,971 --> 01:21:25,374
Know how to learn.
Know how to fight.
1101
01:21:31,514 --> 01:21:34,316
Good day. Do you
have any ping-pong balls?
1102
01:21:34,583 --> 01:21:38,354
Do you have any skates?
Have you got a harpoon?
1103
01:21:38,821 --> 01:21:40,489
Have you got any tennis rackets?
1104
01:21:40,623 --> 01:21:43,025
Thank you.
Good-bye, madam.
1105
01:21:48,197 --> 01:21:50,065
Warning to militants. Watch out.
1106
01:21:57,006 --> 01:22:03,045
Warning to militants. Watch out.
1107
01:22:07,416 --> 01:22:10,252
Warning to militants. Watch out.
1108
01:22:22,198 --> 01:22:27,269
Warning to militants. Watch out.
1109
01:22:29,538 --> 01:22:33,476
Reflect. Look ahead.
Withdraw.
1110
01:22:33,776 --> 01:22:36,912
Think. Produce. Simplify.
1111
01:22:37,246 --> 01:22:39,548
Construct. Wait.
1112
01:23:00,369 --> 01:23:05,274
Reflect. Simplify. Think. Wait.
1113
01:23:19,188 --> 01:23:21,757
Good day, madam.
A pack of Chesterfields.
1114
01:23:22,324 --> 01:23:24,093
I've only got Gitanes
and Gauloises.
1115
01:23:24,393 --> 01:23:26,262
No. I want Chesterfields.
1116
01:23:26,695 --> 01:23:29,298
There's Luckies,
Players and Winstons.
1117
01:23:29,532 --> 01:23:33,369
No. I want Chesterfields. Wait.
1118
01:23:43,712 --> 01:23:46,048
Reflect. Simplify.
1119
01:23:46,215 --> 01:23:48,984
In this street there
is a barber, a baker,
1120
01:23:49,118 --> 01:23:51,654
a druggist, a dairy, a chemist,
1121
01:23:51,787 --> 01:23:54,757
a novelty shop, a bookshop, etc.
1122
01:23:55,191 --> 01:23:57,927
You can buy jam, coffee, milk,
1123
01:23:58,060 --> 01:24:01,230
sugar, thermos flasks, plates. etc.
1124
01:24:01,730 --> 01:24:04,600
Think. Produce. Simplify.
1125
01:24:06,435 --> 01:24:11,307
It's disgusting. A bomb has been thrown
in a supermarket. There are many injuries.
1126
01:24:11,440 --> 01:24:13,642
What have you got out of it?
1127
01:24:14,276 --> 01:24:17,413
It's really unheard of
to kidnap Rockefeller's son.
1128
01:24:17,580 --> 01:24:20,549
What good did that do?
The boy hasn't done anything.
1129
01:24:20,749 --> 01:24:22,685
Think. Manufacture.
1130
01:24:26,388 --> 01:24:29,859
Simplify. Reflect. Learn.
1131
01:24:33,028 --> 01:24:34,163
Learn.
1132
01:24:39,301 --> 01:24:40,536
As I said,
1133
01:24:40,669 --> 01:24:44,707
fanatics are sent to do the killings,
1134
01:24:44,840 --> 01:24:48,477
gangsters whose only
aim is to kill and destroy,
1135
01:24:48,644 --> 01:24:50,713
though no advantage
can be gained from it.
1136
01:24:51,113 --> 01:24:53,349
That's what bourgeois
humanitarianism says
1137
01:24:53,482 --> 01:24:57,386
when the oppressed get the means of
grasping the exploiter by the throat.
1138
01:24:57,586 --> 01:25:00,723
When bourgeois humanitarianism
talks about innocent victims,
1139
01:25:00,856 --> 01:25:04,193
unnecessary violence,
what is it hiding?
1140
01:25:04,560 --> 01:25:08,931
The daily reality of bourgeois
terror, the reality of the struggle.
1141
01:25:09,598 --> 01:25:12,701
Citroën. Javel. Morning shift.
1142
01:25:16,005 --> 01:25:20,409
The brotherhood of classes in opposition.
The fraternity proclaimed in 1789,
1143
01:25:20,643 --> 01:25:22,478
1871 and 1968,
1144
01:25:22,678 --> 01:25:25,247
written in giant letters
on every wall in Paris,
1145
01:25:25,414 --> 01:25:27,716
all over the walls of
the jails and barracks;
1146
01:25:27,883 --> 01:25:31,654
that is the real, authentic
expression in prose of civil war -
1147
01:25:31,821 --> 01:25:34,523
civil war in its most horrible form,
1148
01:25:34,657 --> 01:25:37,393
the war between labor and capital.
1149
01:25:40,262 --> 01:25:45,534
Now, let us consider the secondary aspect
of the war between capital and labor.
1150
01:25:45,935 --> 01:25:48,571
Why should we think about
that secondary aspect just now?
1151
01:25:48,938 --> 01:25:52,608
Because the bourgeoisie are
now making it their main battlefield.
1152
01:25:52,741 --> 01:25:57,413
OK. Think about the secondary aspects
of the war between labor and capital.
1153
01:25:58,013 --> 01:26:01,684
Think: primary contradiction
and secondary contradiction.
1154
01:26:02,284 --> 01:26:06,222
Think: main aspect of the
contradiction and secondary aspect.
1155
01:26:06,522 --> 01:26:11,794
OK. Primary contradiction:
civil war between labor and capital.
1156
01:26:12,495 --> 01:26:16,265
Secondary contradiction:
division of labor and sex.
1157
01:26:17,233 --> 01:26:20,035
The secondary contradiction is one
the bourgeoisie tries with all its might
1158
01:26:20,169 --> 01:26:22,671
to present as the primary one -
1159
01:26:22,938 --> 01:26:27,309
women's magazines,
dogmatic sociology, etc.
1160
01:26:27,476 --> 01:26:32,114
OK. Sex and its division from labor
is the secondary contradiction.
1161
01:26:32,281 --> 01:26:36,318
OK. Now for the first aspect
of this secondary contradiction.
1162
01:26:36,452 --> 01:26:40,222
The sexual urge is tied to the struggle
for production and the class struggle.
1163
01:26:41,123 --> 01:26:43,659
Now for the second
aspect of the contradiction.
1164
01:26:43,993 --> 01:26:48,397
The sexual urge is still almost everywhere
the primary property of the bourgeoisie.
1165
01:26:48,964 --> 01:26:52,334
Think: primary contradiction
and secondary contradiction.
1166
01:26:52,668 --> 01:26:55,204
Think: primary aspects
of the contradiction -
1167
01:26:55,337 --> 01:27:00,276
primary and secondary; and secondary aspects
of the contradiction - primary and secondary.
1168
01:27:00,676 --> 01:27:03,779
Think: civil war
between labor and capital.
1169
01:27:04,079 --> 01:27:06,982
Think: the division of labor and sex.
1170
01:27:07,516 --> 01:27:09,852
Think: negative and positive.
1171
01:27:10,619 --> 01:27:14,056
Think: union of opposites.
Think: struggle.
1172
01:27:14,356 --> 01:27:19,028
Think: change.
Think: eroticism and plus values.
1173
01:27:19,595 --> 01:27:24,867
Think: feelings, use value.
Think: feelings, change value.
1174
01:27:25,568 --> 01:27:29,505
Think: positive matrimony
plus negative adultery
1175
01:27:29,638 --> 01:27:31,607
equals bourgeois unity.
1176
01:27:32,408 --> 01:27:37,379
Think: to destroy this unity
today is revolutionary for a woman.
1177
01:27:37,980 --> 01:27:40,516
Which revolution? That of 1789.
1178
01:27:40,683 --> 01:27:43,285
Think about the meaning of this:
is the feminine problem
1179
01:27:43,419 --> 01:27:45,821
more or less different
from the peasant problem?
1180
01:27:46,555 --> 01:27:48,324
Think again about this:
1181
01:27:48,691 --> 01:27:51,827
why does a medium-poor
Breton peasant marry?
1182
01:27:52,094 --> 01:27:55,898
And think: why does a
Paris foundry owner marry?
1183
01:27:56,565 --> 01:27:58,300
Keep thinking about this:
1184
01:27:58,467 --> 01:28:02,905
in May '68, unmarried C. G. T. workers
blocked workers from entering the factory
1185
01:28:03,038 --> 01:28:07,776
in the morning, and at night they laid
students in the Sorbonne and the Odéon.
1186
01:28:07,943 --> 01:28:11,714
Think of the most horrifying form of
fraternity between opposing classes.
1187
01:28:12,047 --> 01:28:14,984
Think about the civil war
between labor and capital.
1188
01:28:15,317 --> 01:28:17,887
Think of subjectivity in class terms.
1189
01:28:26,028 --> 01:28:28,764
The end. Beginning
of a prolonged struggle.
1190
01:28:29,231 --> 01:28:33,869
What to do? You've made a film, you've
criticized it. You've made mistakes,
1191
01:28:34,036 --> 01:28:35,638
you've corrected some of them.
1192
01:28:35,905 --> 01:28:39,308
Because of this you know a little more
about making sounds and images.
1193
01:28:39,742 --> 01:28:43,446
Perhaps now you know better how
this production can be transformed.
1194
01:28:43,612 --> 01:28:46,048
For whom and against whom?
1195
01:28:46,348 --> 01:28:48,584
Perhaps you have learned
something very simple.
1196
01:28:49,151 --> 01:28:50,653
It's right to rebel.
1197
01:28:50,920 --> 01:28:53,456
Marxism consists of a
multiplicity of principles,
1198
01:28:53,589 --> 01:28:56,625
which in the last analysis can
be summed up in a single statement:
1199
01:28:56,859 --> 01:28:58,694
it's right to rebel.
1200
01:28:58,828 --> 01:29:01,630
A single statement:
it's right to rebel.
1201
01:29:02,164 --> 01:29:06,168
No. Marxism consists of...
1202
01:29:06,435 --> 01:29:08,737
Marxism consists of a
multiplicity of principles...
1203
01:29:08,871 --> 01:29:10,606
... which can be summed up
in a single statement...
1204
01:29:10,873 --> 01:29:15,377
No. Which, in the last analysis,
can be summed up...
1205
01:29:15,611 --> 01:29:18,514
Marxism consists of
a multiplicity of principles,
1206
01:29:18,647 --> 01:29:22,017
which in the last analysis can be
summed up in a single statement:
1207
01:29:22,151 --> 01:29:24,286
it's right to rebel.
1208
01:29:27,223 --> 01:29:30,793
"The policy of peaceful co-existence
1209
01:29:32,294 --> 01:29:34,697
"thus translates into
present-day terms
1210
01:29:35,164 --> 01:29:38,934
"the problem of
maintaining world peace.
1211
01:29:39,869 --> 01:29:41,370
"The transformations of the
1212
01:29:41,804 --> 01:29:48,310
"October Revolution and the continuing
development of socialism in many countries
1213
01:29:48,744 --> 01:29:52,281
"has created in the
world, in this respect,
1214
01:29:52,681 --> 01:29:55,484
"a radically new situation.
1215
01:29:57,653 --> 01:30:01,290
"Imperialism has lost nothing
of its aggressive nature
1216
01:30:01,557 --> 01:30:03,859
"and events only prove this.
1217
01:30:04,660 --> 01:30:05,694
"Secondly.
1218
01:30:06,328 --> 01:30:10,432
"The growing power
of socialist organizations
1219
01:30:11,567 --> 01:30:16,338
"coupled with the upsurge of
national liberation movements,
1220
01:30:17,039 --> 01:30:21,811
"the struggle of the working
classes of capitalist countries
1221
01:30:22,912 --> 01:30:26,048
"and the general development
of peace-loving forces,
1222
01:30:27,049 --> 01:30:30,886
"have thus made it possible
to avoid a new world war
1223
01:30:31,687 --> 01:30:34,690
"and a thermo-nuclear catastrophe.
1224
01:30:36,158 --> 01:30:40,563
"The policy of peaceful co-existence
is a method for regulating...
1225
01:30:46,001 --> 01:30:50,206
"... is a method for regulating
relations between states. "
1226
01:30:56,312 --> 01:30:57,880
To dare to rebel -
1227
01:30:58,047 --> 01:31:01,717
for us, here and now, this
means fighting on two fronts.
1228
01:31:08,557 --> 01:31:12,995
To dare to rebel - for you, here and
now, this means fighting on two fronts.
1229
01:31:13,195 --> 01:31:16,265
Fighting against the
eternal lies of the bourgeoisie.
1230
01:31:17,666 --> 01:31:19,702
The modernization of our economy
1231
01:31:19,835 --> 01:31:22,438
is a vital task, and if we fail,
1232
01:31:23,038 --> 01:31:25,608
we are left with
a limited independence
1233
01:31:25,741 --> 01:31:28,244
and stagnation which
will lead to rebellion.
1234
01:31:28,844 --> 01:31:33,716
Only a flourishing and efficient economy
will enable us to strengthen our foundations
1235
01:31:34,116 --> 01:31:37,419
and give us real stability.
1236
01:31:38,387 --> 01:31:40,556
But to succeed
in this difficult enterprise,
1237
01:31:40,689 --> 01:31:44,026
our habitual ways of acting and thinking
1238
01:31:44,160 --> 01:31:46,362
must drastically change.
1239
01:31:46,629 --> 01:31:50,966
It is everyone's duty to
help bring about this change.
1240
01:31:51,133 --> 01:31:56,038
In this technological society, with its complex
mechanisms so difficult to understand,
1241
01:31:56,172 --> 01:32:00,109
participation is the right way
to involve people in recognizing
1242
01:32:00,276 --> 01:32:03,312
that they are masters
of their own destiny.
1243
01:32:03,479 --> 01:32:05,080
Death to the bourgeoisie!
1244
01:32:14,490 --> 01:32:18,994
To dare to rebel - for us, here and now,
this means fighting on two fronts,
1245
01:32:19,128 --> 01:32:22,932
against the bourgeoisie and
against its ally, revisionism.
1246
01:32:25,935 --> 01:32:28,737
There are in the world today two winds -
the east wind and the west wind.
1247
01:32:28,871 --> 01:32:32,842
The east wind actually prevails over
the west wind. The revolutionary forces
1248
01:32:32,975 --> 01:32:37,179
have achieved an overwhelming
superiority over the imperialist forces.
1249
01:32:40,597 --> 01:32:42,399
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E N J O Y this SRT SUBTITLE R e l e a s e
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0065173
Le Vent D'est - Wind From The East (1970) English.srt
FPS: 25.000
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We want more subtitles right NOW!
1) All DVDs to be subtitled
2) All VIDEO GAMES to be subtitled
3) All videos/DVDs used in lessons at school to be subtitled
4) More pre-recorded and live subtitles on TV
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