1 00:00:38,200 --> 00:00:41,080 Forests at first sight 2 00:00:41,080 --> 00:00:44,080 may seem quiet and tranquil. 3 00:00:51,720 --> 00:00:55,360 But today we can explore them in new ways... 4 00:00:58,440 --> 00:01:00,640 ..and from a new perspective. 5 00:01:02,960 --> 00:01:07,560 And, in fact, they're full of unexpected connections, 6 00:01:07,560 --> 00:01:09,440 relationships 7 00:01:09,440 --> 00:01:12,520 and even secret messages. 8 00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:27,800 Only now are we discovering 9 00:01:27,800 --> 00:01:31,080 how strange and complex 10 00:01:31,080 --> 00:01:33,560 forests actually are. 11 00:01:52,960 --> 00:01:56,000 The rainforest of Borneo. 12 00:02:00,960 --> 00:02:06,200 A pair of oriental pied hornbills are renewing their partnership. 13 00:02:11,760 --> 00:02:13,600 They mate for life. 14 00:02:22,800 --> 00:02:26,480 And this year's nesting season is just starting. 15 00:02:34,040 --> 00:02:36,760 Before they face the challenges ahead, 16 00:02:36,760 --> 00:02:38,840 they reaffirm their bond. 17 00:02:48,360 --> 00:02:52,080 And they do so with an unusual ritual... 18 00:02:54,120 --> 00:02:58,000 ..at the entrance to a bat cave that they know well. 19 00:03:31,040 --> 00:03:34,200 This rather curious gift 20 00:03:34,200 --> 00:03:37,080 isn't normally on their menu. 21 00:03:39,600 --> 00:03:43,200 But it both demonstrates devotion 22 00:03:43,200 --> 00:03:47,800 and reassures the female that her mate will provide for her. 23 00:03:55,640 --> 00:03:58,840 In the coming weeks, she will depend on him 24 00:03:58,840 --> 00:04:01,640 in the most extraordinary way. 25 00:04:10,440 --> 00:04:14,400 Nesting is a dangerous time for any bird. 26 00:04:19,000 --> 00:04:21,040 The hole in this tree trunk 27 00:04:21,040 --> 00:04:24,000 will provide vital protection. 28 00:04:25,640 --> 00:04:28,120 Just what she wants. 29 00:04:32,600 --> 00:04:35,440 Once settled inside... 30 00:04:35,440 --> 00:04:38,720 ..the female does something truly bizarre. 31 00:04:41,120 --> 00:04:44,960 She pulls out her flight feathers. 32 00:04:47,320 --> 00:04:50,240 She is not going to need them 33 00:04:50,240 --> 00:04:55,440 because she will be staying in here for quite some time. 34 00:05:00,080 --> 00:05:03,000 It's not only a little cramped, 35 00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:06,360 it also lacks basic amenities. 36 00:05:14,760 --> 00:05:18,720 Now her partner brings her a beakful of mud. 37 00:05:20,480 --> 00:05:24,880 And she begins to seal herself in. 38 00:05:40,240 --> 00:05:42,800 She has turned the tree hole 39 00:05:42,800 --> 00:05:46,800 into a predator-proof fortress. 40 00:06:03,200 --> 00:06:05,880 But it's also... 41 00:06:05,880 --> 00:06:08,160 ..a prison. 42 00:06:34,760 --> 00:06:38,160 Her partner, however, is a regular visitor. 43 00:06:42,680 --> 00:06:47,120 For the next two months, he will deliver all her food 44 00:06:47,120 --> 00:06:50,000 directly to her door. 45 00:07:01,200 --> 00:07:03,840 But she can be fussy. 46 00:07:15,720 --> 00:07:19,400 He's going to have his work cut out. 47 00:08:12,400 --> 00:08:14,080 HORNBILL CALLS 48 00:08:20,760 --> 00:08:22,800 Delicious. 49 00:08:25,920 --> 00:08:29,840 It may seem that he has been doing all the work... 50 00:08:30,840 --> 00:08:34,120 ..But she, too, has been fully occupied. 51 00:08:35,720 --> 00:08:39,240 The food he has brought has enabled her to produce 52 00:08:39,240 --> 00:08:41,840 two precious eggs. 53 00:08:47,160 --> 00:08:50,680 She will keep them safe for another six weeks 54 00:08:50,680 --> 00:08:53,920 until the young have grown and fledged. 55 00:08:56,680 --> 00:08:59,680 And then, both she and they 56 00:08:59,680 --> 00:09:02,520 will break out of their confinement. 57 00:09:17,240 --> 00:09:19,840 But until then... 58 00:09:19,840 --> 00:09:25,480 ..this devoted couple are going to be very busy indeed. 59 00:09:41,960 --> 00:09:45,280 The warmth and the moisture of rainforests 60 00:09:45,280 --> 00:09:47,960 enables their inhabitants to flourish 61 00:09:47,960 --> 00:09:50,880 in both numbers and variety. 62 00:09:55,560 --> 00:10:00,760 And here, in the Amazon, live many strange species. 63 00:10:02,360 --> 00:10:05,240 SOFT HOOTING 64 00:10:08,680 --> 00:10:10,400 This is a treehopper. 65 00:10:12,960 --> 00:10:16,480 One of hundreds of different types in this forest. 66 00:10:25,360 --> 00:10:29,400 They not only have a bizarre appearance... 67 00:10:29,400 --> 00:10:31,840 ..but they also communicate... 68 00:10:31,840 --> 00:10:33,680 RESONANT PURRING 69 00:10:33,680 --> 00:10:36,000 ...in a remarkable way. 70 00:10:36,000 --> 00:10:39,680 CLICKING AND PURRING 71 00:10:43,080 --> 00:10:46,040 Vibrating their bodies, they send signals 72 00:10:46,040 --> 00:10:48,360 through the forest plants they live on. 73 00:10:48,360 --> 00:10:51,360 CLICKING AND PURRING 74 00:11:00,760 --> 00:11:05,360 Most of these messages we can only hear by using special microphones. 75 00:11:05,360 --> 00:11:08,320 HIGH-PITCHED TONES 76 00:11:12,520 --> 00:11:16,960 Each treehopper species has its own repertoire. 77 00:11:16,960 --> 00:11:18,880 LOW-PITCHED HOOTING 78 00:11:18,880 --> 00:11:20,600 RESONANT RUMBLING 79 00:11:20,600 --> 00:11:24,000 HIGH-PITCHED BUZZING 80 00:11:29,440 --> 00:11:31,440 And every sound... 81 00:11:31,440 --> 00:11:33,280 PULSING HOOTING 82 00:11:33,280 --> 00:11:36,000 ..has its own particular meaning. 83 00:11:39,320 --> 00:11:41,720 SHRILL BUZZING 84 00:11:41,720 --> 00:11:44,760 Whether it is to attract a mate... 85 00:11:45,800 --> 00:11:48,720 ..share information about food... 86 00:11:48,720 --> 00:11:50,120 LOW WHOOPING 87 00:11:51,400 --> 00:11:53,400 STUTTERED CLICKING 88 00:11:53,400 --> 00:11:57,120 ..or warn each other about the arrival of predators. 89 00:12:01,080 --> 00:12:03,040 STUTTERED CLICKING 90 00:12:04,840 --> 00:12:06,400 SHRILL PURRING 91 00:12:08,280 --> 00:12:10,120 LOW PURRING 92 00:12:12,360 --> 00:12:16,440 This treehopper mother communicates with her young, 93 00:12:16,440 --> 00:12:19,240 encouraging them to stay together 94 00:12:19,240 --> 00:12:21,840 so that she can protect them. 95 00:12:29,000 --> 00:12:35,520 For there are plenty here waiting to eat young treehoppers. 96 00:12:38,280 --> 00:12:40,520 Ants... 97 00:12:40,520 --> 00:12:41,880 ..on the hunt. 98 00:12:58,400 --> 00:13:02,720 Treehoppers know how to defend themselves. 99 00:13:06,280 --> 00:13:10,400 But not all threats are so easily dealt with. 100 00:13:19,080 --> 00:13:21,600 An assassin bug. 101 00:13:23,720 --> 00:13:26,440 Armed with piercing mouthparts 102 00:13:26,440 --> 00:13:29,160 and sticky front legs... 103 00:13:35,320 --> 00:13:41,080 ...capable of literally sucking the life out of her entire brood. 104 00:13:41,080 --> 00:13:43,480 PURRING AND CLICKING 105 00:13:51,760 --> 00:13:55,480 She can try to block the assassin's path. 106 00:13:56,800 --> 00:13:59,120 But she can't guard them all. 107 00:14:00,880 --> 00:14:05,720 She needs help from friends in high places. 108 00:14:12,960 --> 00:14:14,560 Bees. 109 00:14:43,640 --> 00:14:45,480 They're very aggressive. 110 00:14:48,320 --> 00:14:51,560 This is more than the assassin bug bargained for. 111 00:14:53,160 --> 00:14:55,880 Mission accomplished. 112 00:14:57,600 --> 00:14:59,800 Her brood are safe. 113 00:15:02,000 --> 00:15:05,680 The bees don't protect the treehoppers for free. 114 00:15:07,280 --> 00:15:11,960 A little tickle on a treehopper's back... 115 00:15:11,960 --> 00:15:15,800 ..and they exude a sugary liquid. 116 00:15:19,960 --> 00:15:22,080 Honeydew. 117 00:15:24,320 --> 00:15:27,920 A sweet reward for protecting them. 118 00:15:39,520 --> 00:15:42,760 It's just one of the countless ways 119 00:15:42,760 --> 00:15:46,760 in which forest species work together. 120 00:16:05,480 --> 00:16:07,800 In the forests of India, 121 00:16:07,800 --> 00:16:12,160 you can hear a unique and truly extraordinary sound. 122 00:16:12,160 --> 00:16:15,680 RHYTHMIC WHISTLING 123 00:16:21,640 --> 00:16:24,400 These are dholes... 124 00:16:26,320 --> 00:16:30,440 ..wild dogs that whistle. 125 00:16:34,560 --> 00:16:39,120 Like treehoppers, they, too, communicate in secret - 126 00:16:39,120 --> 00:16:42,120 but for a different reason. 127 00:16:44,560 --> 00:16:47,520 DEEP RUMBLING 128 00:16:49,320 --> 00:16:54,000 Hunting in a dense teak forest is difficult... 129 00:16:55,600 --> 00:17:00,520 ...especially so if your prey is three times your own size. 130 00:17:05,440 --> 00:17:09,360 The only way for dholes to succeed 131 00:17:09,360 --> 00:17:11,640 is to work as a team. 132 00:17:18,800 --> 00:17:23,040 This family has four growing pups. 133 00:17:46,480 --> 00:17:51,560 A chital deer could feed the entire pack. 134 00:17:59,080 --> 00:18:02,000 The pack must get close... 135 00:18:05,760 --> 00:18:08,320 ...without being detected. 136 00:18:16,960 --> 00:18:18,720 GRUNTS 137 00:18:20,280 --> 00:18:23,680 CLAMOUR OF ANIMAL CALLS 138 00:18:23,680 --> 00:18:26,680 But with eyes and ears everywhere... 139 00:18:29,120 --> 00:18:33,520 ...the deer are soon aware of the dogs' presence. 140 00:18:42,080 --> 00:18:44,680 SQUEAKING AND RATTLING 141 00:18:45,880 --> 00:18:48,360 The pack can't afford to give up. 142 00:18:51,040 --> 00:18:53,920 They may have better luck here. 143 00:18:56,960 --> 00:19:01,760 The vegetation is dense and provides better cover. 144 00:19:03,800 --> 00:19:08,360 But the dholes could easily lose track of one another. 145 00:19:08,360 --> 00:19:11,720 So they use their unique whistles. 146 00:19:14,680 --> 00:19:18,040 SOFT WHISTLING 147 00:19:28,280 --> 00:19:32,400 Only dholes can understand 148 00:19:32,400 --> 00:19:35,440 these quiet, unobtrusive calls. 149 00:19:37,800 --> 00:19:40,840 RHYTHMIC WHISTLING 150 00:19:53,200 --> 00:19:58,440 Now they take up their hunting positions... 151 00:20:03,360 --> 00:20:06,360 ...even though they can't see each other. 152 00:20:06,360 --> 00:20:08,680 WHISTLING 153 00:20:12,800 --> 00:20:16,280 WHISTLING 154 00:20:27,880 --> 00:20:30,120 With the deer surrounded... 155 00:20:31,560 --> 00:20:34,720 ...the dholes wait for the signal to attack. 156 00:20:43,400 --> 00:20:45,480 WHISTLES 157 00:20:45,480 --> 00:20:47,000 SHARP YELP 158 00:20:54,920 --> 00:20:58,520 Some of the dholes split the herd... 159 00:21:02,040 --> 00:21:06,120 ..and drive a stag towards others waiting in ambush. 160 00:21:07,680 --> 00:21:10,560 YELPING CALLS 161 00:21:20,640 --> 00:21:22,920 DHOLES SNARL 162 00:21:39,320 --> 00:21:42,360 The dholes' ability to communicate so quietly 163 00:21:42,360 --> 00:21:44,880 enables them to stay connected, 164 00:21:44,880 --> 00:21:49,040 and so hunt successfully in the tangle of their jungle. 165 00:22:08,280 --> 00:22:13,040 The mountainous forests of central China. 166 00:22:16,040 --> 00:22:21,600 Until recently, these were among the least known of forests. 167 00:22:23,720 --> 00:22:26,400 They're full of swirling mists, 168 00:22:26,400 --> 00:22:29,120 and few outsiders had any idea 169 00:22:29,120 --> 00:22:31,400 of what they might contain. 170 00:22:31,400 --> 00:22:33,560 THUNDER RUMBLES 171 00:22:37,320 --> 00:22:40,080 Living in such dense vegetation, 172 00:22:40,080 --> 00:22:43,840 it's difficult to make yourself seen... 173 00:22:43,840 --> 00:22:46,320 ..even when you want to be. 174 00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:51,960 And that's a problem for this male Temminck's tragopan. 175 00:22:53,440 --> 00:22:56,840 He has lived most of his life alone. 176 00:22:59,960 --> 00:23:03,520 And this is his first mating season. 177 00:23:03,520 --> 00:23:05,120 TRAGOPAN CHIRPS 178 00:23:06,840 --> 00:23:12,320 He needs to make himself conspicuous in the gloom of the forest floor, 179 00:23:12,320 --> 00:23:15,920 and he's found a clearing where he might do so. 180 00:23:19,520 --> 00:23:21,680 A female. 181 00:23:27,800 --> 00:23:29,040 TRAGOPAN SQUAWKS 182 00:23:32,080 --> 00:23:35,240 She, too, is looking for a mate. 183 00:23:38,040 --> 00:23:40,680 This could be his moment. 184 00:24:05,880 --> 00:24:07,640 Oh, dear. 185 00:24:07,640 --> 00:24:09,360 TRAGOPAN CHIRPS SOFTLY 186 00:24:09,360 --> 00:24:11,320 Stage fright. 187 00:24:16,800 --> 00:24:18,120 SHRILL SQUAWKING 188 00:24:18,120 --> 00:24:20,120 And who is this? 189 00:24:22,280 --> 00:24:25,240 A male golden pheasant. 190 00:24:27,480 --> 00:24:29,960 He, too, has come to this clearing... 191 00:24:29,960 --> 00:24:31,640 PHEASANT SQUAWKS 192 00:24:31,640 --> 00:24:34,120 ...to attract a female. 193 00:24:39,160 --> 00:24:43,560 And he seems a little more confident. 194 00:25:10,720 --> 00:25:14,040 So that is how it's done. 195 00:25:19,000 --> 00:25:22,600 The tragopan might still have a chance. 196 00:25:22,600 --> 00:25:24,680 Here is a new female. 197 00:25:26,880 --> 00:25:29,080 But is she interested? 198 00:25:36,400 --> 00:25:38,760 It's time to be bold. 199 00:25:40,640 --> 00:25:43,600 RHYTHMIC RATTLING 200 00:25:49,280 --> 00:25:52,120 He pumps up a pair of horns 201 00:25:52,120 --> 00:25:54,480 and a multicoloured bib. 202 00:25:57,840 --> 00:26:00,360 It's a sight to be wondered at. 203 00:26:05,920 --> 00:26:09,640 And it has never before been filmed in the wild. 204 00:26:16,320 --> 00:26:18,800 RATTLING 205 00:26:46,560 --> 00:26:48,400 Not today. 206 00:26:50,880 --> 00:26:53,280 How deflating. 207 00:26:56,720 --> 00:26:58,200 TRAGOPAN CHIRPS SOFTLY 208 00:27:09,200 --> 00:27:14,240 The temperate rainforests of western Canada. 209 00:27:17,960 --> 00:27:22,440 Some of the trees here are 1,000 years old. 210 00:27:40,640 --> 00:27:45,360 It's autumn, and the beginning of a spectacle that each year 211 00:27:45,360 --> 00:27:49,880 transforms this forest and all that lives in it. 212 00:27:58,280 --> 00:28:02,680 After years at sea, thousands of Pacific salmon 213 00:28:02,680 --> 00:28:06,480 are returning to these streams to breed. 214 00:28:11,800 --> 00:28:13,160 SOFT GRUNT 215 00:28:13,160 --> 00:28:17,720 And they attract the forest's rarest resident. 216 00:28:36,800 --> 00:28:39,200 A spirit bear. 217 00:28:41,640 --> 00:28:45,120 A white variant of the black bear. 218 00:28:55,520 --> 00:28:59,040 Fewer than 150 exist, 219 00:28:59,040 --> 00:29:01,280 and they're found only here. 220 00:29:10,960 --> 00:29:16,720 This female has fished for salmon here for 20 years. 221 00:29:43,960 --> 00:29:46,080 Get your timing right... 222 00:29:49,160 --> 00:29:52,080 ..and there can be great rewards. 223 00:29:59,160 --> 00:30:02,800 In her youth, she was, in fact, even more successful 224 00:30:02,800 --> 00:30:05,600 than the black bears. 225 00:30:12,560 --> 00:30:16,280 Perhaps her pale coat makes it difficult for the fish to see her 226 00:30:16,280 --> 00:30:18,720 against the bright sky, 227 00:30:18,720 --> 00:30:21,320 and that could give her an advantage. 228 00:30:27,880 --> 00:30:31,040 But now she is old, 229 00:30:31,040 --> 00:30:34,720 and this year she's finding it hard. 230 00:31:01,600 --> 00:31:06,560 Her fishing skills, however, haven't totally deserted her. 231 00:31:10,720 --> 00:31:14,040 This annual feast helps her to fatten, 232 00:31:14,040 --> 00:31:16,560 ready for the winter ahead. 233 00:31:21,760 --> 00:31:25,880 But it also helps the patch of forest where she lives. 234 00:31:28,240 --> 00:31:33,240 This female has an unusual relationship with the forest. 235 00:31:37,280 --> 00:31:41,880 Every fish carcass she leaves behind decays, 236 00:31:41,880 --> 00:31:46,080 releasing nutrients that soak into the soil. 237 00:31:50,760 --> 00:31:52,480 And there... 238 00:31:55,240 --> 00:31:59,760 ..they are collected by a network of fungi. 239 00:32:14,560 --> 00:32:19,080 The threads attach themselves to the trees' roots. 240 00:32:22,640 --> 00:32:25,800 And nutrients from the fish, collected by the fungi, 241 00:32:25,800 --> 00:32:29,160 are then passed on to the trees. 242 00:32:31,000 --> 00:32:33,760 As a consequence, the forest around the river 243 00:32:33,760 --> 00:32:37,200 grows three times faster than elsewhere. 244 00:32:46,800 --> 00:32:52,160 And some trees here become as tall as any in the world... 245 00:33:00,160 --> 00:33:05,600 ..and provide spirit bears with a healthy forest home. 246 00:33:21,880 --> 00:33:28,320 We now know that such relationships exist in forests all over the world. 247 00:33:32,920 --> 00:33:35,840 At the heart of these many connections 248 00:33:35,840 --> 00:33:39,120 stand giant trees, like this one. 249 00:33:40,760 --> 00:33:43,000 A kapok. 250 00:33:45,400 --> 00:33:50,200 It started life as a seed some 200 years ago. 251 00:33:53,360 --> 00:33:58,040 Now it towers 60 metres above the forest floor... 252 00:33:59,840 --> 00:34:04,720 ..and transports 1,000 litres of nutrient-filled water 253 00:34:04,720 --> 00:34:10,600 from its roots up to its canopy every day. 254 00:34:16,640 --> 00:34:21,080 So this giant gives life to others. 255 00:34:29,960 --> 00:34:33,200 A whole community of animals and plants 256 00:34:33,200 --> 00:34:37,080 depends on the wellbeing of this one tree. 257 00:34:39,040 --> 00:34:42,080 CHAINSAW BUZZES 258 00:35:22,520 --> 00:35:26,440 A single cut made in just a few moments 259 00:35:26,440 --> 00:35:31,040 has broken thousands of long-established connections. 260 00:35:40,000 --> 00:35:42,600 Across the world's forests, 261 00:35:42,600 --> 00:35:47,440 this story is being repeated endlessly. 262 00:36:00,720 --> 00:36:03,880 15 billion trees 263 00:36:03,880 --> 00:36:07,320 are cut down every year. 264 00:36:17,840 --> 00:36:21,520 Every one of these trees is, in itself, 265 00:36:21,520 --> 00:36:24,360 an intricate ecosystem. 266 00:36:36,600 --> 00:36:40,600 But here in Brazil, they're being replaced 267 00:36:40,600 --> 00:36:45,000 by plantations of a single species of tree. 268 00:36:54,080 --> 00:36:56,520 Originally from Australia... 269 00:36:58,200 --> 00:37:01,520 ..these eucalypts are unable to build relationships 270 00:37:01,520 --> 00:37:05,080 with most of the native plants and animals. 271 00:37:12,600 --> 00:37:16,520 And, worse, these newcomers grow so rapidly 272 00:37:16,520 --> 00:37:19,360 they extract nutrients from the soil 273 00:37:19,360 --> 00:37:22,520 faster than they can be replaced. 274 00:37:31,080 --> 00:37:34,960 And what was once a rich and complex world... 275 00:37:37,240 --> 00:37:42,320 ..becomes little more than a green desert. 276 00:38:16,360 --> 00:38:18,960 And at just five years of age... 277 00:38:20,160 --> 00:38:22,360 ..their lives are ended. 278 00:38:25,120 --> 00:38:29,000 They're felled and taken away. 279 00:38:39,440 --> 00:38:45,080 Their wood is then pulped to make paper. 280 00:38:56,200 --> 00:39:00,320 And all that remains of the rich rainforest 281 00:39:00,320 --> 00:39:03,720 are a few tiny patches. 282 00:39:12,200 --> 00:39:17,040 Patches so small that few of the original inhabitants 283 00:39:17,040 --> 00:39:20,440 are able to survive in them. 284 00:39:27,440 --> 00:39:30,680 Uganda, East Africa. 285 00:39:41,960 --> 00:39:44,960 This small group of chimpanzees 286 00:39:44,960 --> 00:39:48,280 have a detailed knowledge of the forest territory 287 00:39:48,280 --> 00:39:52,640 that they inherited from previous generations. 288 00:40:02,520 --> 00:40:06,120 They know the best places to shelter, 289 00:40:06,120 --> 00:40:08,000 to raise their young... 290 00:40:11,360 --> 00:40:13,080 ..and to feed. 291 00:40:32,400 --> 00:40:35,520 This fruiting tree 292 00:40:35,520 --> 00:40:40,640 cannot by itself sustain the chimps for long. 293 00:40:56,000 --> 00:40:58,160 CHIMPANZEE CALLS 294 00:40:58,160 --> 00:41:02,880 The alpha male signals that it's time to move on. 295 00:41:02,880 --> 00:41:06,120 GRUNTING AND SCREECHING 296 00:41:08,560 --> 00:41:12,320 Where he goes, others will follow. 297 00:41:30,400 --> 00:41:34,400 He leads them not to another fruiting tree... 298 00:41:36,360 --> 00:41:39,720 ..but into a new world. 299 00:41:41,960 --> 00:41:45,320 TRAFFIC HUMS 300 00:41:59,200 --> 00:42:02,760 This road, only recently built, 301 00:42:02,760 --> 00:42:05,880 has cut through their territory. 302 00:42:14,920 --> 00:42:18,280 The alpha male is cautious. 303 00:42:26,200 --> 00:42:30,320 His own mother was killed on this road. 304 00:42:41,400 --> 00:42:43,040 HORN BLARES 305 00:42:47,520 --> 00:42:49,600 HORN HONKS 306 00:42:52,400 --> 00:42:55,200 He makes sure it's clear before crossing 307 00:42:55,200 --> 00:42:58,480 with the slower members of his family. 308 00:43:17,000 --> 00:43:20,920 If the group is to get what they need... 309 00:43:24,320 --> 00:43:28,080 ..they will have to go against their natural instincts... 310 00:43:30,440 --> 00:43:33,600 ..and approach humans. 311 00:43:35,760 --> 00:43:38,120 PIG GRUNTS 312 00:44:02,040 --> 00:44:05,840 But their new neighbours are friendly. 313 00:44:11,600 --> 00:44:15,400 And they allow the chimps to collect... 314 00:44:17,520 --> 00:44:19,520 ..jackfruit, 315 00:44:19,520 --> 00:44:22,600 the largest of all tree fruits. 316 00:44:28,920 --> 00:44:33,920 Jackfruit grow all year round in people's gardens. 317 00:44:46,800 --> 00:44:49,080 And they're more nutritious 318 00:44:49,080 --> 00:44:51,800 than the limited amount of wild food 319 00:44:51,800 --> 00:44:56,520 the chimps can now find in what remains of their forest. 320 00:45:07,960 --> 00:45:10,520 But this is a new world... 321 00:45:11,840 --> 00:45:14,640 ..and a new relationship. 322 00:45:19,280 --> 00:45:23,160 New boundaries need to be established. 323 00:45:26,080 --> 00:45:28,840 Some of the chimps start to help themselves 324 00:45:28,840 --> 00:45:31,000 to people's crops. 325 00:45:32,720 --> 00:45:34,840 DOGS BARK 326 00:45:40,160 --> 00:45:42,920 SCREECHING AND GRUNTING 327 00:45:45,280 --> 00:45:48,480 CLAMOUR OF ANIMAL CALLS 328 00:45:59,840 --> 00:46:01,880 WINGS FLUTTER 329 00:46:04,640 --> 00:46:07,200 They have outstayed their welcome, 330 00:46:07,200 --> 00:46:11,240 and the alpha male decides that it's time to leave. 331 00:46:11,240 --> 00:46:13,760 CHIMPANZEES SCREECH 332 00:46:31,520 --> 00:46:35,920 The chimps make this dangerous journey every day. 333 00:46:54,000 --> 00:46:56,600 But these highly intelligent animals, 334 00:46:56,600 --> 00:46:59,120 our closest living relatives, 335 00:46:59,120 --> 00:47:01,680 have managed, just about, 336 00:47:01,680 --> 00:47:04,120 to carve out a place for themselves 337 00:47:04,120 --> 00:47:06,960 in this changing world. 338 00:47:12,040 --> 00:47:14,520 Animals have maintained 339 00:47:14,520 --> 00:47:17,720 a long-established relationship with forests. 340 00:47:22,040 --> 00:47:26,240 But as we continue to break our connections with them, 341 00:47:26,240 --> 00:47:29,000 the question is, 342 00:47:29,000 --> 00:47:31,480 for how much longer will they survive? 343 00:47:33,560 --> 00:47:38,600 Surely, the time has come to rebuild them. 344 00:48:01,480 --> 00:48:03,600 Over many years, 345 00:48:03,600 --> 00:48:06,760 I've been lucky enough to watch chimps in their natural home, 346 00:48:06,760 --> 00:48:10,160 such as here in the thick forests of West Africa. 347 00:48:11,480 --> 00:48:13,800 Chimpanzees. 348 00:48:13,800 --> 00:48:16,640 A peaceful scene of jungle harmony. 349 00:48:18,200 --> 00:48:20,720 The experienced male... 350 00:48:20,720 --> 00:48:23,120 ..is sitting right there. 351 00:48:23,120 --> 00:48:26,320 But the lives of many chimpanzees 352 00:48:26,320 --> 00:48:28,800 are now changing dramatically. 353 00:48:44,160 --> 00:48:47,960 Here, in Uganda, over the last decade, 354 00:48:47,960 --> 00:48:52,280 they have lost over 80% of their forest home. 355 00:48:58,840 --> 00:49:02,600 They don't live in a protected area. 356 00:49:04,640 --> 00:49:08,680 To survive here, they have to live alongside 357 00:49:08,680 --> 00:49:13,040 the 200 or so human families who farm here. 358 00:49:14,760 --> 00:49:17,520 The chimps always come from the forest. 359 00:49:18,720 --> 00:49:21,120 They come to eat jackfruit from my land. 360 00:49:22,760 --> 00:49:25,560 They know us by our faces, 361 00:49:25,560 --> 00:49:28,880 as we know them by their faces, as well. 362 00:49:30,120 --> 00:49:33,520 To tell the story of this remarkable chimp group, 363 00:49:33,520 --> 00:49:37,760 the Planet Earth team are working with these residents. 364 00:49:41,480 --> 00:49:43,360 SCREECHING 365 00:49:43,360 --> 00:49:44,960 Who was that, Tom? 366 00:49:44,960 --> 00:49:46,920 This one was Araali. 367 00:49:48,800 --> 00:49:53,880 Tom is part of the Bulindi Chimpanzee and Community Project. 368 00:49:55,760 --> 00:50:00,440 He's been studying the chimps every day for the last 15 years... 369 00:50:01,680 --> 00:50:04,920 ..and has seen the change first-hand. 370 00:50:06,000 --> 00:50:08,040 Very many things have changed. 371 00:50:08,040 --> 00:50:11,800 When chimpanzees were seeing people, they would run. 372 00:50:11,800 --> 00:50:13,800 Run very quickly and go. 373 00:50:13,800 --> 00:50:16,400 But now they just stand. 374 00:50:16,400 --> 00:50:18,480 Because everywhere they go, 375 00:50:18,480 --> 00:50:20,640 they find a person. 376 00:50:23,160 --> 00:50:27,480 Chimps are normally tricky to film in the wild. 377 00:50:27,480 --> 00:50:31,080 But in this human world, the crew are surprised 378 00:50:31,080 --> 00:50:33,960 by how easy it is to approach them. 379 00:50:36,960 --> 00:50:39,480 Another one coming up the path. 380 00:50:42,840 --> 00:50:44,840 But back in the forest, 381 00:50:44,840 --> 00:50:47,200 it's a different story. 382 00:50:50,240 --> 00:50:54,200 Here, the chimps seem wary of the newcomers. 383 00:51:01,680 --> 00:51:03,200 CREW MEMBER GRUNTS 384 00:51:03,200 --> 00:51:05,040 There's a ditch there. 385 00:51:12,720 --> 00:51:15,160 All the crew get to see... 386 00:51:17,800 --> 00:51:20,000 ..is a lot of bottoms. 387 00:51:21,720 --> 00:51:26,560 This afternoon, the chimps have been taking us on a wild-goose chase. 388 00:51:26,560 --> 00:51:29,480 They've crossed the river and then they've crossed back, 389 00:51:29,480 --> 00:51:31,880 gone past us while we're in the woods, 390 00:51:31,880 --> 00:51:34,240 and then now they've disappeared again. 391 00:51:35,840 --> 00:51:39,000 When we don't have chimps... 392 00:51:39,000 --> 00:51:42,000 ..we film goats! 393 00:51:48,840 --> 00:51:51,560 Here, in the chimps' forest home, 394 00:51:51,560 --> 00:51:54,960 it's going to take time to earn the group's trust... 395 00:51:54,960 --> 00:51:58,080 DISTANT SCREECHING 396 00:51:58,080 --> 00:51:59,960 I think they found Moses. 397 00:52:01,120 --> 00:52:03,040 ..and get to know one another. 398 00:52:03,040 --> 00:52:04,960 This is Jack. 399 00:52:06,240 --> 00:52:10,120 After two weeks, things are improving on the ground. 400 00:52:11,840 --> 00:52:16,400 But what will the chimps think of the crew up in the trees? 401 00:52:20,120 --> 00:52:23,840 I can see a bunch of chimp faces looking up at me. 402 00:52:23,840 --> 00:52:25,600 This is a new experience for them. 403 00:52:25,600 --> 00:52:28,760 I doubt they've ever seen a human in a tree before. 404 00:52:28,760 --> 00:52:31,920 So, hopefully, they accept me. 405 00:52:56,280 --> 00:52:58,640 After hours of waiting... 406 00:52:59,800 --> 00:53:01,600 ..success! 407 00:53:05,120 --> 00:53:07,680 All the chimps that were on the ground looking up at me 408 00:53:07,680 --> 00:53:09,600 are now happily in the tree, 409 00:53:09,600 --> 00:53:12,640 which is a really good sign that they've accepted me. 410 00:53:14,400 --> 00:53:17,320 It's the first time that we've been able to see at their level 411 00:53:17,320 --> 00:53:19,200 while they're feeding. 412 00:53:40,000 --> 00:53:42,560 For the crew, it has taken a long time 413 00:53:42,560 --> 00:53:44,720 to gain the chimps' acceptance. 414 00:53:46,600 --> 00:53:49,720 But, in fact, the chimps here have shown that they can 415 00:53:49,720 --> 00:53:52,480 respond quickly to the presence of people. 416 00:53:55,000 --> 00:53:58,720 Chimpanzees are highly intelligent. 417 00:53:58,720 --> 00:54:01,240 If you cut down the forest, 418 00:54:01,240 --> 00:54:04,240 well, chimps will start eating human crops. 419 00:54:04,240 --> 00:54:09,080 If you divide their range up with roads and, you know... 420 00:54:09,080 --> 00:54:12,680 Well, chimps will end up just learning to cross the roads. 421 00:54:15,040 --> 00:54:18,880 The animals can adapt to an increasingly human environment. 422 00:54:18,880 --> 00:54:23,600 The question is, can people accommodate an animal like a chimp? 423 00:54:25,720 --> 00:54:28,080 LOUD SCREECHING 424 00:54:34,000 --> 00:54:36,520 Chimpanzees can be dangerous. 425 00:54:36,520 --> 00:54:39,000 CHIMPANZEES SCREECH 426 00:54:39,000 --> 00:54:43,280 Living alongside them is a mixed experience. 427 00:54:58,280 --> 00:55:02,560 The local community and the project have been working together 428 00:55:02,560 --> 00:55:06,240 to try to decrease the impact of these problems. 429 00:55:11,160 --> 00:55:13,840 Over the last eight years, 430 00:55:13,840 --> 00:55:16,000 Lilian and her family 431 00:55:16,000 --> 00:55:18,760 have planted native seedlings on her land 432 00:55:18,760 --> 00:55:21,320 and left her patch of forest to regrow. 433 00:55:22,480 --> 00:55:25,920 If we cut it, they come and sleep in our houses, 434 00:55:25,920 --> 00:55:28,680 so we should leave that place for them. 435 00:55:31,280 --> 00:55:34,760 If you leave them and you don't disturb them, 436 00:55:34,760 --> 00:55:37,400 they are peaceful animals. 437 00:55:41,800 --> 00:55:45,080 With other residents following suit, 438 00:55:45,080 --> 00:55:50,000 more of the forest is showing positive signs of return. 439 00:55:53,680 --> 00:55:56,080 There is a long way to go, 440 00:55:56,080 --> 00:56:00,320 and the future for these chimps remains uncertain. 441 00:56:03,600 --> 00:56:07,520 But where peaceful coexistence can be built, 442 00:56:07,520 --> 00:56:09,680 there is hope. 443 00:56:19,040 --> 00:56:21,960 Next time... 444 00:56:21,960 --> 00:56:26,040 ..animals battle the elements in a world of extremes... 445 00:56:29,120 --> 00:56:31,800 ..where life exists on a knife edge... 446 00:56:34,840 --> 00:56:38,280 ..in Earth's greatest natural wonders. 447 00:56:44,120 --> 00:56:47,520 Habitat Explorer brings animals and their habitats to life. 448 00:56:47,520 --> 00:56:51,320 Explore this free interactive, and make origami animals. 449 00:56:51,320 --> 00:56:55,280 Go to bbc.co.uk/planetearth3 450 00:56:55,280 --> 00:56:57,240 and follow the links to the Open University. 451 00:56:57,240 --> 00:56:59,480 Or to order a free printed version, 452 00:56:59,480 --> 00:57:03,640 visit the website or call the numbers on the screen.