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One of the most remarkable animals
ever to have walked the earth

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is heading for extinction.

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Now, an international team of
scientists, filmmakers and explorers

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has been given unique access to the
remote Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan.

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If they can find a thriving
population of tigers here,

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there's a chance to bring
them back from the brink.

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It's perfect tiger habitat.

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But it won't be easy.

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If a snow leopard
can take down a yak,

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it certainly
wouldn't struggle with me.

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It can't get any worse that this.

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THUNDER CRASHES

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Woo-hoo!

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They're taking on the
wildest Himalayan rivers...

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..fighting
through the deepest jungles...

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..and scaling the highest peaks.

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My lungs are burning.

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My legs are burning.

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Do I really want to do this?

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What they discover could be the key
to saving this magnificent big cat.

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Can we save tigers?

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Absolutely we can save tigers.

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We will save tigers.

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Hidden in the foothills of the
world's highest mountain range,

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lies the little known
Kingdom of Bhutan.

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These Himalayan forests
could be the tiger's last hope
for survival in the wild.

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An expedition has set up camp
on the banks of a river
in the south of the country.

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A hand-picked team has already
spent 10 days searching for tigers.

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They now have hard evidence
these elusive cats
are living close to base camp.

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For this phase of
the expedition, they
will be spreading the net wider.

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On his way to help them, is
wildlife cameraman, Gordon Buchanan.

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He's spent 10 years
filming big cats worldwide.

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It's amazing that
we are looking out at what could be
the future for tigers in the wild.

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The only chance that they've got

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are them existing
in hills like this.

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He's already placed remote
cameras high in the Himalayas,

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to try to capture images
of tigers living at altitude.

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Now, Gordon's joining forces with
Doctor Alan Rabinowitz, one of the
world's foremost tiger experts.

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Alan has dedicated his life
to saving tigers.

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I'm not sure
tigers will be able to survive.

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I wake up wondering
if there's any hope for the tiger.

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If we continue on the course
we are now,

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tigers will be extinct in the wild

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easily within a couple of decades.

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With Gordon in camp,
the team's reunited.

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They've worked
together around the world.

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But this is their most
critical mission so far.

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They have just 10 days left here.

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Alan gets Gordon straight
up to speed

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with the images
they've recorded close to camp.

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Oh!

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Oh, my word.

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Oh, gosh, they're beautiful.

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There's no other animal like them.
And it walks that way.

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It walks like, "nothing bothers me,
I don't have to be afraid
of anything in this forest".

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It just walks that way!

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It's a promising start.

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But now, the expedition needs
more detailed information.

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What I need you to do now is
to get me more pieces of the puzzle.

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How many more tigers
are there in this area?

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How far in the river valleys
are they heading up?

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For Bhutan to offer tigers a
lifeline, Alan needs to know whether

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there's a continuous population,
right across the country.

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He's sent naturalist and expert
tracker Steve Backshall up-river,
far to the east.

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The Drangme Chhu
is the biggest river in Bhutan.

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It actually starts way up
in the high Himalaya.

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It flows right across
eastern Bhutan.

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There are no records at all about
tiger numbers in eastern Bhutan.

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Nobody knows
anything about them here.

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If we could find
any evidence at all of tigers here,

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that's vital information.

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Through this rugged landscape,

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river valleys are natural
highways for wildlife.

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They are the best place
to search for tigers.

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Steve's journey will begin
at the top of the Drangme Chhu.

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He'll travel downstream, scouring
the riverbanks for tiger tracks...

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right the way back to base camp,
100 kilometres away.

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That's where
the proper mission begins.

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As this river snakes away from
the path that we've been walking on,

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it heads into some of the most
unknown territory in Bhutan.

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Down there
is where we're really going to find

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some answers about the tiger and
the future of the tiger in Bhutan.

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Answers need to be found,
and quickly.

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Virtually nothing is known
about Bhutan's vast forests,

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but we do know that elsewhere,
tigers are in deep trouble.

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In the last century, the world
has lost 98% of its tigers.

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Only small pockets survive.

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There could be as few
as 3,000 left in the wild.

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But all hope is not lost.

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Along the foothills
of the Himalayas,

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where human pressure
is not so intense,

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Alan has a plan to join together
fragmented tiger populations

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and give them
the space they need to roam.

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It's an idea he's been working on
for many years.

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The solution I have for saving
tigers is to connect

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these isolated populations

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through corridors,
through linkages in the landscape.

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So that some of these tigers could
move between isolated fragments

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and thus the isolated fragments
become part of a larger whole.

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Bhutan is the missing link.

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In India, the more isolated
tiger populations have become,

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the quicker they are dying out.

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Even those living in
protected reserves.

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Oxford University biologist,
Doctor George McGavin,

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is heading south to India,
to find out why.

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It will be
a very different experience
from the forests of Bhutan.

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It's really only when you're up here,
that you realise just how vast

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the forest is, and, you know,

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how many tigers
are roaming down there,

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I wonder.

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That's what
Gordon wants to find out.

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But to estimate
the density of tigers

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in the forest around base camp,

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he must draw on
all his field experience.

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All along here is exactly
where I'd expect to find tigers.

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That sort of lush,
green grass that's growing here,

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creatures like Sambar deer will come
out and feed here at night time.

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And tigers will come out
and check

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if there's
anything there for them to eat.

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Each tiger hunts over a huge area.

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So Gordon's decided his best chance
is to blitz the forest

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with 30 remote cameras,
which can record day and night.

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What we're trying to do
is figure out how many tigers
are in this area,

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because it'll give us an overall
indication of the health

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of the tiger population
in this part of Bhutan.

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So we need to distinguish
one from the other

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and the best way of doing that
is the stripe pattern on each side.

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They have a unique,
almost fingerprint pattern
that their stripes make up,

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so if we can photograph as many
tigers as possible,

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we should be
able to tell one from another.

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Far to the east,
Steve's 10-day descent of the
Drangme Chhu is about to begin.

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Dave Allardice will lead three
rafts carrying the expedition's
food and filming gear.

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He's navigated the biggest Himalayan
rivers, and knows their dangers.

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We're going to be very careful out
there. The water's running high,
you can see it's snow melt.

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There's quite a lot of water,
so we'll have to be careful.

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It's hard telling what's down there.

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Yeah, I guess
that's the thing - we're kind of
paddling off into the unknown.

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The team's found a calm spot
to launch, but once they start,

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there's no escape
from this steep-sided gorge.

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The nerves
are going just a little bit.

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Also really, really optimistic about
our chances

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of finding evidence of tigers
moving through here.

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And that's our big goal, really.

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Steve and three other kayakers will
scout each set of rapids

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to pick a safe route
through for the rafts.

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With the river running so high,
there'll be no margin for error.

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Near base camp,
Gordon's setting camera traps.

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They won't trigger unless an
animal walks within a few metres.

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Gordon now needs to think
like a tiger.

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Let me just go up here.

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I am a tiger. I am a tiger.

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I am a tiger. Oh, no.

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I'm thinking about food.

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I'm thinking about going to a place
where I can get something to eat.

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I think I'll cross here, because
it's just a little leap like this.

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And I would go...

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this side of the rock.

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Maybe just right here.

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Tigers aren't the only
wildlife the team's looking for.

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Bhutan's forests
remain largely unexplored,

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so the expedition
is compiling a report

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of all the animals that live here.

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Wildlife camera woman, Justine
Evans, is walking the forest trails
to see what creatures she can find.

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It's a huge forest, and I think it's
just a tough place to work, you know?

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It's a tough place to get shots.

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Especially now
when there's a lot of rain,

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there's a lot of food about, it's
going to be a really difficult thing.

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Off we go.

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Alan will stay in camp to analyse
camera trap images as they come in.

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The amount of tiger prey
gives him a picture of how many
tigers this forest might support.

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These camera traps, these
are our eyes in the jungle.

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So far, the tiger prey that
we're getting in the camera traps -

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the Sambar deer and the gaur,
they look beautiful.

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But the team really wants
to find tigers here.

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And right across Bhutan.

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Steve is in the east, on the wild,
upper reaches of the Drangme Chhu.

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It's so rugged, so remote.

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You can see why nobody's ever
penetrated into this place before.

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I mean, you could never
get down these canyon walls,

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and it's just an absolute
haven for wildlife.

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And hopefully,
one of those will be our tiger.

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Their search has
been made much harder.

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The Monsoon rains
have arrived early.

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The river is high
and the rapids are now treacherous.

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I've got a big rapid
to the left. Stop!

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I'm going to stay away from them.

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Come on! Come on!

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Right now, tigers are the last
thing on their minds.

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Keep paddling!

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Hard right! Keep going.
Forward together again.

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Come on!

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Keep right of that one.

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Safely through the rapids,
they look for a place to stop.

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Sandy beaches are where Steve
hopes to find tiger footprints.

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But the rains have made
his mission doubly difficult.

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You can see all of this rain just
spatters off the surface

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and makes all the prints
totally indistinct.

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Everything around me now, I mean,
there's lots of animal prints here,

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I have no idea
what any of them are.

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Some of them could have
been left yesterday.

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It just makes our job
almost impossible.

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We need to find a tiger track that's
been left within the last hour,

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that's the only way we're going
to succeed.

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The team press on.

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They will explore every beach
they come across.

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100 kilometres down-river,
Gordon's been dogged by rain too.

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But his search
is proving more productive.

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Come and see this.

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Nice.

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Very nice.

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These are the tracks of either...

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a very small tiger or a leopard.

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These are just ultra fresh.

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Look at that - it's
just literally just been made.

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These are the first
big cat tracks that I've found.

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Oh, that's good. Man, I was
beginning to worry,

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because there's almost nothing
coming up this river bed,

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not even Sambar deer, nothing.

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And then to find this,
is all the encouragement

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that I need
to maybe put some remote cameras.

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We've got a big cat right here.

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Only if Gordon
gets a picture of it

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can they tell whether
it's a different tiger,

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or one they've already seen.

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A thousand kilometres away, in
India,

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George is travelling
to Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve

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to find out why every
single tiger has become so precious.

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HORN BEEPS

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Very loud
horn for such a small scooter.

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India used to have lots of tigers
and they were all over the place,

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and now they're just clinging on
to small, isolated reserves.

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And they're surrounded by
a sea of humanity

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and I don't
really see how tigers

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will be able to survive
in the long term,

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when they haven't got anywhere to go.

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00:16:46,960 --> 00:16:50,520
As the population of the
Indian subcontinent has exploded,

237
00:16:50,520 --> 00:16:54,520
tigers have been pushed
out of their former habitat.

238
00:16:54,520 --> 00:16:58,480
Numerous protective
reserves have been created,

239
00:16:58,480 --> 00:17:02,520
but tigers are now confined to
far smaller ranges than they need.

240
00:17:04,080 --> 00:17:08,520
There are 27 tigers in this core,

241
00:17:08,520 --> 00:17:12,280
which is about
100 kilometres square.

242
00:17:12,280 --> 00:17:17,680
Which is the range
of one male tiger in the wild.

243
00:17:20,240 --> 00:17:23,320
There's not enough space
within the park boundaries.

244
00:17:24,840 --> 00:17:26,960
Inevitably, tigers wander outside,

245
00:17:26,960 --> 00:17:30,520
and into direct conflict
with humans.

246
00:17:30,520 --> 00:17:32,880
Local tiger expert, Digpal,

247
00:17:32,880 --> 00:17:36,800
has been battling with this problem
for over 10 years.

248
00:17:36,800 --> 00:17:39,680
What are the risks for a tiger,
individual,

249
00:17:39,680 --> 00:17:43,280
if it has to go outside,
if it's pushed out?

250
00:17:43,280 --> 00:17:46,600
They start killing cattle or
buffalos, or whatever they get.

251
00:17:46,600 --> 00:17:50,520
So the maximum risk
is the villagers.

252
00:17:50,520 --> 00:17:54,520
They poison the carcass, and that's
where the poachers can also go.

253
00:17:54,520 --> 00:17:56,320
So a very high risk outside?

254
00:17:56,320 --> 00:17:58,000
Very high risk, yes.

255
00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:03,480
Tigers feed on a kill
for several days.

256
00:18:03,480 --> 00:18:06,800
If they prey on cattle
outside the reserve,

257
00:18:06,800 --> 00:18:09,360
angry villagers poison the carcass.

258
00:18:09,360 --> 00:18:12,320
When the tiger returns,
it is doomed.

259
00:18:16,600 --> 00:18:20,920
It's a world away from
the unbroken forests of Bhutan.

260
00:18:27,840 --> 00:18:29,840
Gordon is heading back to camp,

261
00:18:29,840 --> 00:18:33,000
to do a first check
of his remote cameras.

262
00:18:36,760 --> 00:18:39,840
One or two casualties,

263
00:18:39,840 --> 00:18:41,480
most of them intact.

264
00:18:41,480 --> 00:18:43,680
That's how they're supposed to look.

265
00:18:45,240 --> 00:18:48,960
This is how they look once an
elephant has got hold of them.

266
00:18:48,960 --> 00:18:51,000
HE LAUGHS

267
00:18:51,000 --> 00:18:53,840
Do you know what?
I can probably repair that.

268
00:18:57,160 --> 00:19:01,000
But just how good has Gordon been
at second-guessing the tigers?

269
00:19:04,600 --> 00:19:06,680
Oh, my gosh!

270
00:19:09,960 --> 00:19:11,880
Wow, look at that.

271
00:19:17,880 --> 00:19:19,920
Another one, another one.

272
00:19:21,680 --> 00:19:25,080
Gordon's struck gold.

273
00:19:25,080 --> 00:19:30,000
Images like this of tigers
is precisely what we need.

274
00:19:31,600 --> 00:19:33,560
Just look at that.

275
00:19:33,560 --> 00:19:36,880
They are such amazing animals.

276
00:19:44,600 --> 00:19:48,960
You know, if ever there was an
animal on this planet worth saving,

277
00:19:48,960 --> 00:19:51,320
it has to be the tiger.

278
00:20:02,280 --> 00:20:07,240
Gordon has four images,
but they may all be the same animal.

279
00:20:07,240 --> 00:20:09,320
He'll have to leave his remote
cameras recording

280
00:20:09,320 --> 00:20:10,920
until the end of the expedition,

281
00:20:10,920 --> 00:20:12,720
and then compare all the images

282
00:20:12,720 --> 00:20:15,600
to see how many
different tigers are living here.

283
00:20:25,240 --> 00:20:28,680
In India, where tigers
are trapped in small areas,

284
00:20:28,680 --> 00:20:32,120
George can easily
see them with his own eyes.

285
00:20:32,120 --> 00:20:35,160
Look there, look at it!
Oh, my God.

286
00:20:36,800 --> 00:20:40,240
Oh, look at that.

287
00:20:40,240 --> 00:20:42,240
And there are two cubs.

288
00:20:42,240 --> 00:20:45,960
There's an adult tiger,
about 100 yards from the car.

289
00:20:45,960 --> 00:20:51,720
So that is a female with her
two cubs, who are about a year old.

290
00:20:51,720 --> 00:20:56,320
Oh! They are beautiful, beautiful
animals. Oh, look at that.

291
00:21:00,120 --> 00:21:02,120
They're practising their stalking.

292
00:21:04,800 --> 00:21:07,280
Look at that. That is so beautiful.

293
00:21:11,960 --> 00:21:14,400
It seems slightly unreal,
actually, I have to say.

294
00:21:14,400 --> 00:21:18,440
I mean, seeing a tiger this close
in Bhutan would be just unthinkable.

295
00:21:18,440 --> 00:21:21,360
I mean, it would never, ever happen.

296
00:21:28,840 --> 00:21:31,680
It's a privilege to view.

297
00:21:31,680 --> 00:21:35,920
But these young tigers
face an uncertain future.

298
00:21:44,960 --> 00:21:49,840
When that male cub reaches a
certain age, he'll have to move on.

299
00:21:49,840 --> 00:21:52,520
And it's not clear what he would do.

300
00:21:52,520 --> 00:21:56,080
He can't certainly occupy the same
range as the other males in the park,

301
00:21:56,080 --> 00:21:57,480
so he'll have to go.

302
00:21:59,480 --> 00:22:03,160
It's unlikely he'll get
far beyond the park boundaries.

303
00:22:06,720 --> 00:22:10,840
Even tigers within reserves
are no longer safe from poachers,

304
00:22:10,840 --> 00:22:13,120
who supply
the Chinese medicine market

305
00:22:13,120 --> 00:22:15,760
with tiger bones and body parts.

306
00:22:19,520 --> 00:22:23,040
Even in the isolated populations,
where the big cats still survive,

307
00:22:23,040 --> 00:22:25,600
they're under great threat.
They're being killed there as well.

308
00:22:25,600 --> 00:22:30,160
But if we save tigers within the
last remaining isolated populations,

309
00:22:30,160 --> 00:22:32,600
we still have a problem.

310
00:22:32,600 --> 00:22:34,480
Because the long term survival

311
00:22:34,480 --> 00:22:37,880
of just an isolated population
is in grave doubt.

312
00:22:39,080 --> 00:22:40,920
To avoid genetic inbreeding,

313
00:22:40,920 --> 00:22:46,960
male tigers need to roam over vast
distances to find new females.

314
00:22:46,960 --> 00:22:52,520
Space is what Bhutan's forests could
offer tigers along the Himalayas.

315
00:22:57,200 --> 00:22:59,520
This is just incredible.

316
00:22:59,520 --> 00:23:02,440
This fog forms over the top
of the water,

317
00:23:02,440 --> 00:23:05,040
it almost looks like
the river's on fire.

318
00:23:05,040 --> 00:23:06,280
Oh, it's a cave.

319
00:23:14,280 --> 00:23:15,680
It's a waterfall.

320
00:23:15,680 --> 00:23:20,520
I'll bet this is home
to thousands and thousands of bats.

321
00:23:35,560 --> 00:23:38,560
While the rafting team
makes camp for the night,

322
00:23:38,560 --> 00:23:40,840
Steve hunts for signs of tigers.

323
00:23:47,560 --> 00:23:49,600
OK, this is going to seem like

324
00:23:49,600 --> 00:23:52,200
the most tenuous
bit of tracking out there,

325
00:23:52,200 --> 00:23:56,280
but I have been asked to record
every one of the tracks

326
00:23:56,280 --> 00:23:59,760
that fits a tiger profile,
no matter how degraded.

327
00:23:59,760 --> 00:24:02,120
These tracks, well, they're
going in that direction,

328
00:24:02,120 --> 00:24:04,560
but that's the first one I spotted.

329
00:24:04,560 --> 00:24:06,480
They're coming back

330
00:24:06,480 --> 00:24:08,000
down here...

331
00:24:10,080 --> 00:24:13,080
..and...

332
00:24:13,080 --> 00:24:14,880
this one, I think, is the clearest.

333
00:24:14,880 --> 00:24:18,440
It's very circular,

334
00:24:18,440 --> 00:24:21,360
seems to be heading
in this direction

335
00:24:21,360 --> 00:24:26,800
and these look much more
like toes to me than they do hooves.

336
00:24:26,800 --> 00:24:31,200
The next thing really
is just the size of it.

337
00:24:31,200 --> 00:24:34,640
That is the perfect size...

338
00:24:36,280 --> 00:24:37,920
..for a tiger track.

339
00:24:39,520 --> 00:24:41,880
There's no way you
could say this was evidence,

340
00:24:41,880 --> 00:24:44,720
but Alan will be able
to tell better than I can.

341
00:24:44,720 --> 00:24:47,040
So I'm just going
to take this data back,

342
00:24:47,040 --> 00:24:48,800
and hopefully he'll tell us more.

343
00:24:48,800 --> 00:24:54,160
In India, George has spotted
a fully grown adult male.

344
00:24:54,160 --> 00:24:57,840
There he is. Oh, God. Look.

345
00:24:57,840 --> 00:25:00,600
Look at him! Absolutely magnificent.

346
00:25:00,600 --> 00:25:05,560
Look at him, look at him.
Ah, look at that.

347
00:25:05,560 --> 00:25:07,720
Look at that.

348
00:25:07,720 --> 00:25:11,800
What a magnificent beast.

349
00:25:11,800 --> 00:25:14,840
It's the most incredible animal.

350
00:25:14,840 --> 00:25:16,640
I'm hooked.

351
00:25:16,640 --> 00:25:18,160
I'm hooked now.

352
00:25:18,160 --> 00:25:20,160
TIGER ROARS

353
00:25:23,120 --> 00:25:24,760
Wow.

354
00:25:24,760 --> 00:25:27,560
It's the first time I've
heard a tiger roaring like that.

355
00:25:32,360 --> 00:25:35,760
ROARING
That noise is just amazing.

356
00:25:37,280 --> 00:25:39,480
Pretty emotional, actually.

357
00:25:39,480 --> 00:25:42,720
I feel very emotional.

358
00:25:42,720 --> 00:25:45,600
I'm a bit shaky,
actually, after that.

359
00:25:49,400 --> 00:25:53,720
Seeing them now so close,
it brings it home to me even more

360
00:25:53,720 --> 00:25:58,960
what a tragedy it would be if these
animals were to ever become extinct.

361
00:26:05,800 --> 00:26:09,080
The hope is that
we can help the tiger,

362
00:26:09,080 --> 00:26:11,960
which is a very adaptable animal,
to increase.

363
00:26:11,960 --> 00:26:14,560
And, you know, it's not hard to do.

364
00:26:14,560 --> 00:26:16,800
It requires prey, it needs space.

365
00:26:16,800 --> 00:26:22,360
We've just got to stop hunting
and poisoning and poaching

366
00:26:22,360 --> 00:26:26,960
and allow the animal to move freely.

367
00:26:26,960 --> 00:26:30,240
In reality, what you want
is a massive area

368
00:26:30,240 --> 00:26:32,560
through which you can roam.

369
00:26:32,560 --> 00:26:37,920
Currently, all you've got is little
fragments of original tiger habitat

370
00:26:37,920 --> 00:26:41,560
which hold a few individuals,
and that won't work for very long.

371
00:26:41,560 --> 00:26:45,480
We need to join these up
and I now see how it'll work.

372
00:26:45,480 --> 00:26:50,040
If you can join these areas up
and tigers are able to move freely.

373
00:26:53,720 --> 00:26:55,920
With so many people living in India,

374
00:26:55,920 --> 00:26:59,040
there is little chance
of linking tiger reserves.

375
00:26:59,040 --> 00:27:03,160
Along the less densely inhabited
Himalayas, carefully managed land

376
00:27:03,160 --> 00:27:04,960
within a conservation corridor

377
00:27:04,960 --> 00:27:09,600
would offer tigers safe passage
between isolated populations.

378
00:27:09,600 --> 00:27:14,520
Creating one giant refuge
in which they can roam and breed.

379
00:27:14,520 --> 00:27:16,760
ALAN: The tiger corridor
is an ambitious plan,

380
00:27:16,760 --> 00:27:19,040
but it's a very, very doable plan.

381
00:27:19,040 --> 00:27:22,440
It's become Alan's life's work.

382
00:27:22,440 --> 00:27:26,720
Nine years ago, he was
diagnosed with incurable leukaemia.

383
00:27:28,520 --> 00:27:30,960
There's not enough time for me.

384
00:27:30,960 --> 00:27:34,240
I've got to spend whatever time I
have left

385
00:27:34,240 --> 00:27:37,480
making sure that this
tiger corridor becomes a reality.

386
00:27:37,480 --> 00:27:41,760
Making sure that tigers
are saved for the future.

387
00:27:41,760 --> 00:27:43,440
I think about...

388
00:27:43,440 --> 00:27:47,600
It's really interesting,
because I try not to think about

389
00:27:47,600 --> 00:27:52,440
my leukaemia, and yet it's
in my mind every single day.

390
00:27:52,440 --> 00:27:55,360
It's in the back of my mind
every waking hour,

391
00:27:55,360 --> 00:27:56,840
because it drives me now.

392
00:27:56,840 --> 00:28:00,800
It drives me to keep on doing
what I know I do best,

393
00:28:00,800 --> 00:28:03,440
right up
until I can no longer do it.

394
00:28:16,040 --> 00:28:19,520
The rest of the team
is inspired to work day and night.

395
00:28:22,480 --> 00:28:24,240
Justine's trying a new tactic,

396
00:28:24,240 --> 00:28:28,440
to learn more about what lives
alongside the big cats here.

397
00:28:28,440 --> 00:28:33,320
So what I'm doing now is I'm going
to walk some of the trails at night.

398
00:28:33,320 --> 00:28:35,000
With these elephants.

399
00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:38,680
So I can conceal myself behind them,
but also,

400
00:28:38,680 --> 00:28:42,680
their smell is quite domineering, so
hopefully it will disguise my smell.

401
00:28:42,680 --> 00:28:45,720
These are all just ideas
I have and they may work.

402
00:28:45,720 --> 00:28:47,040
If we cover enough distance,

403
00:28:47,040 --> 00:28:49,600
we've got a good
chance of seeing some things.

404
00:28:49,600 --> 00:28:53,040
And it's just nice to be
out walking in the forest

405
00:28:53,040 --> 00:28:54,920
and not sitting and waiting.

406
00:28:54,920 --> 00:28:57,200
I feel a bit more proactive.

407
00:29:06,560 --> 00:29:08,320
Deep in the forest,

408
00:29:08,320 --> 00:29:12,240
Gordon's remote cameras are
a secret window into this world...

409
00:29:14,560 --> 00:29:18,040
..revealing behaviour which
would never otherwise be seen.

410
00:29:21,520 --> 00:29:25,320
A sambar deer
stomps his forelegs nervously.

411
00:29:30,960 --> 00:29:33,560
He's being stalked by wild dogs...

412
00:29:36,680 --> 00:29:39,960
..ruthless predators
who hunt in packs.

413
00:29:42,800 --> 00:29:47,920
A wild boar investigates the camera,
unaware of the shining eyes

414
00:29:47,920 --> 00:29:51,600
of a leopard
just a few metres behind him.

415
00:29:57,840 --> 00:30:00,800
And the ultimate reward -

416
00:30:00,800 --> 00:30:03,760
a tiger, out hunting.

417
00:30:07,360 --> 00:30:12,040
The remote cameras free up Gordon
to stalk the forest trails himself.

418
00:30:13,600 --> 00:30:16,920
This time of day is when tigers,
leopards start to prowl about,

419
00:30:16,920 --> 00:30:18,880
actually probably half an hour ago,

420
00:30:18,880 --> 00:30:22,840
so I am walking along here half
expecting to bump into a big cat.

421
00:30:22,840 --> 00:30:25,440
Most of the time,
kills take place at night time,

422
00:30:25,440 --> 00:30:28,400
so that's why tigers
start to get active round about now.

423
00:30:34,200 --> 00:30:36,200
Heavens above.

424
00:30:36,200 --> 00:30:37,760
Oh, two.

425
00:30:39,400 --> 00:30:41,760
Two porcupines.

426
00:30:41,760 --> 00:30:44,760
There's no mistaking
what these creatures are.

427
00:30:44,760 --> 00:30:48,480
There's nothing in this forest
you could confuse them for.

428
00:30:48,480 --> 00:30:51,840
I've actually seen a tiger
with a porcupine quill

429
00:30:51,840 --> 00:30:53,520
stuck in its throat,

430
00:30:53,520 --> 00:30:57,160
so even something
as prickly as this is still...

431
00:30:57,160 --> 00:30:59,000
a meal for a tiger.

432
00:31:00,600 --> 00:31:04,120
Camouflaged by the elephant's
smell and sound,

433
00:31:04,120 --> 00:31:07,320
Justine is hoping that the
wildlife won't noticed she's there.

434
00:31:08,840 --> 00:31:10,760
Going around with these elephants

435
00:31:10,760 --> 00:31:14,000
is the opposite
of being stealthy and quiet.

436
00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:17,480
It's the opposite really of being
a predator or being a tiger.

437
00:31:17,480 --> 00:31:21,080
I think it's probably a good thing
for prey animals

438
00:31:21,080 --> 00:31:24,320
because we don't
seem like a threat to them.

439
00:31:24,320 --> 00:31:27,640
We're not trying to stalk
them or trying to be quiet,

440
00:31:27,640 --> 00:31:30,200
and they probably just think
we're a herd of elephants.

441
00:31:32,960 --> 00:31:36,480
Her thermal imaging camera
picks up an animal's body heat

442
00:31:36,480 --> 00:31:39,040
and makes them easy to spot
in the dark.

443
00:31:39,040 --> 00:31:44,880
I've got something here.
Looks like a squirrel.

444
00:31:44,880 --> 00:31:47,880
It should be climbing up.

445
00:31:47,880 --> 00:31:49,560
It's going way up.

446
00:31:52,800 --> 00:31:55,160
Wow, what was that?

447
00:31:55,160 --> 00:31:57,400
It's a flying squirrel!

448
00:31:57,400 --> 00:31:59,320
It just went
flying through the frame.

449
00:31:59,320 --> 00:32:03,320
I didn't realise there
were flying squirrels here.

450
00:32:03,320 --> 00:32:05,560
That's a great find.

451
00:32:10,080 --> 00:32:14,040
Far to the east, Steve is
searching the banks of the river.

452
00:32:22,560 --> 00:32:25,920
It's a little bit nerve-racking

453
00:32:25,920 --> 00:32:29,640
wandering through this
tall grass at night,

454
00:32:29,640 --> 00:32:33,360
knowing that this
could be tiger territory

455
00:32:33,360 --> 00:32:36,880
and we could actually be being
watched by a tiger right now.

456
00:32:41,440 --> 00:32:44,040
This is by far the biggest spider

457
00:32:44,040 --> 00:32:46,640
I've seen in this part of the world,

458
00:32:46,640 --> 00:32:51,560
and it is absolutely furious.
Look at it reared up.

459
00:32:53,120 --> 00:32:53,760
That's wonderful.

460
00:32:53,760 --> 00:32:55,640
This is a primitive spider.

461
00:32:55,640 --> 00:32:56,760
All over the world,

462
00:32:56,760 --> 00:32:57,920
they're known as tarantulas.

463
00:32:57,920 --> 00:32:59,240
Big, hairy spiders,

464
00:32:59,240 --> 00:33:00,520
they're heavy-bodied

465
00:33:00,520 --> 00:33:02,400
with downward pointing fangs

466
00:33:02,400 --> 00:33:05,120
and he's bound to have

467
00:33:05,120 --> 00:33:07,640
small venom glands at the top here,

468
00:33:07,640 --> 00:33:09,400
and a bite from this

469
00:33:09,400 --> 00:33:11,600
would certainly really, really hurt.

470
00:33:11,600 --> 00:33:13,680
Look how angry he is.

471
00:33:13,680 --> 00:33:15,640
He's actually got...

472
00:33:15,640 --> 00:33:17,120
just hanging from one fang

473
00:33:17,120 --> 00:33:19,480
the wing from, I don't know...

474
00:33:19,480 --> 00:33:20,640
could be a termite.

475
00:33:20,640 --> 00:33:23,400
That is absolutely remarkable.

476
00:33:26,240 --> 00:33:29,760
Justine's tactics
with the elephants are working.

477
00:33:29,760 --> 00:33:31,120
Very bright eye-shine.

478
00:33:31,120 --> 00:33:34,600
It's quite thick foliage in here.

479
00:33:34,600 --> 00:33:39,640
Just see if I can get closer
to whatever's in here.

480
00:33:39,640 --> 00:33:42,640
It's quite hard to work out
what it is exactly,

481
00:33:42,640 --> 00:33:45,160
cos it's all curled up
having a snooze.

482
00:33:45,160 --> 00:33:47,640
But it looks very much
like a civet to me.

483
00:33:50,440 --> 00:33:54,640
It's actually waking up now.
Preening his tail.

484
00:33:54,640 --> 00:33:58,000
Oh, you can see the head
much better now.

485
00:33:58,000 --> 00:34:00,880
Big yawn.

486
00:34:00,880 --> 00:34:02,680
It's definitely a civet.

487
00:34:05,440 --> 00:34:08,040
He's having a good old lick
on his paw now.

488
00:34:10,200 --> 00:34:12,520
Beautiful.

489
00:34:12,520 --> 00:34:16,080
He's probably going to be busy
all night and then sleep all day.

490
00:34:16,080 --> 00:34:18,280
Ah, look he's moving, he's moving.

491
00:34:20,360 --> 00:34:22,840
That's really nice.

492
00:34:22,840 --> 00:34:24,480
It's great on the thermal camera.

493
00:34:24,480 --> 00:34:26,120
You can really see the shape.

494
00:34:27,800 --> 00:34:29,960
Jump!

495
00:34:31,480 --> 00:34:33,760
He's going to jump again.
There he goes.

496
00:34:33,760 --> 00:34:36,160
That was great.

497
00:34:36,160 --> 00:34:40,440
Gordon has found another pair
of eyes reflected in his torchlight.

498
00:34:42,640 --> 00:34:44,440
Where are you? Oh!

499
00:34:44,440 --> 00:34:46,600
There he is, there he is.

500
00:34:46,600 --> 00:34:49,960
Oh, you beautiful little cat.

501
00:34:49,960 --> 00:34:52,280
He's been looking
for the largest cat,

502
00:34:52,280 --> 00:34:54,840
but has found the smallest,
a leopard cat.

503
00:34:54,840 --> 00:34:58,200
Wow, he's tiny.

504
00:34:58,200 --> 00:35:02,280
Is that a youngster? I wonder.

505
00:35:02,280 --> 00:35:04,560
Yes.

506
00:35:06,120 --> 00:35:09,560
Oh, this is what it is about.

507
00:35:09,560 --> 00:35:12,080
He's on the move now.

508
00:35:12,080 --> 00:35:16,960
He's kind of same size
as a domestic cat, much longer legs,

509
00:35:16,960 --> 00:35:19,200
spotted like a leopard.

510
00:35:19,200 --> 00:35:21,920
Beautiful.

511
00:35:21,920 --> 00:35:27,920
You know these leopard cats,
they'll catch small rodents,

512
00:35:27,920 --> 00:35:29,400
birds even.

513
00:35:31,360 --> 00:35:33,240
Eating grass at the moment.

514
00:35:35,280 --> 00:35:37,600
Whether it's a cat of this size

515
00:35:37,600 --> 00:35:42,880
or whether it's a cat the size of a
tiger, there's just no denying them.

516
00:35:42,880 --> 00:35:44,960
They're just perfect,
they really are.

517
00:35:59,920 --> 00:36:04,120
Steve's search for footprints
has been frustrated by heavy rain

518
00:36:04,120 --> 00:36:05,280
so he's switched tack.

519
00:36:07,560 --> 00:36:09,920
Along the river,
there's a handful of communities,

520
00:36:09,920 --> 00:36:13,040
rarely visited by outsiders.

521
00:36:13,040 --> 00:36:15,640
Steve will try to gather
local intelligence

522
00:36:15,640 --> 00:36:18,000
about whether they've seen tigers.

523
00:36:18,000 --> 00:36:19,080
So we have someone.

524
00:36:20,280 --> 00:36:23,360
When was it that you
saw this tiger and where?

525
00:36:23,360 --> 00:36:25,640
HE SPEAKS NATIVE LANGUAGE

526
00:36:30,280 --> 00:36:34,480
OK, this young man has seen a tiger
just up here,

527
00:36:34,480 --> 00:36:38,040
down by the river,
two weeks ago

528
00:36:38,040 --> 00:36:40,240
which is pretty incredible.

529
00:36:40,240 --> 00:36:42,640
And where was it?

530
00:36:42,640 --> 00:36:45,480
HE SPEAKS NATIVE LANGUAGE

531
00:36:45,480 --> 00:36:48,080
So, he saw the tiger.

532
00:36:48,080 --> 00:36:51,000
It was in the forest in the middle
of the daytime,

533
00:36:51,000 --> 00:36:53,680
about 3 o'clock in the afternoon
and it saw him

534
00:36:53,680 --> 00:36:55,640
and began to move away from him

535
00:36:55,640 --> 00:36:59,360
and this
guy shouted at it and it ran off.

536
00:36:59,360 --> 00:37:01,760
So...

537
00:37:01,760 --> 00:37:05,160
So do you and your friends and you
family see tigers often,

538
00:37:05,160 --> 00:37:08,160
many times, or is this a very
unusual thing for you?

539
00:37:08,160 --> 00:37:11,480
HE SPEAKS NATIVE LANGUAGE

540
00:37:12,760 --> 00:37:17,000
Um, yeah, this is really
quite striking news.

541
00:37:17,000 --> 00:37:20,280
So he wasn't on his own,
there was three of them there -

542
00:37:20,280 --> 00:37:22,400
his father
and someone else as well -

543
00:37:22,400 --> 00:37:25,560
so it's not like
he's just kind of making it up,

544
00:37:25,560 --> 00:37:28,960
and also when I asked
how often they see tigers,

545
00:37:28,960 --> 00:37:31,400
he said maybe once a month,

546
00:37:31,400 --> 00:37:33,400
sometimes every two months.

547
00:37:34,920 --> 00:37:37,520
That is absolutely extraordinary.

548
00:37:37,520 --> 00:37:40,520
There must be a phenomenal amount of
tigers moving through here

549
00:37:40,520 --> 00:37:43,320
for there to be
any sightings at all,

550
00:37:43,320 --> 00:37:45,040
let alone regular sightings.

551
00:37:45,040 --> 00:37:48,720
Last thing that Alan said to
me before I left base camp

552
00:37:48,720 --> 00:37:52,120
was that if you get any evidence
from people who live round here

553
00:37:52,120 --> 00:37:53,760
that there are tigers here -

554
00:37:53,760 --> 00:37:56,440
even just one person saying
that they've seen one -

555
00:37:56,440 --> 00:37:58,400
then that's going to be massive,

556
00:37:58,400 --> 00:38:01,960
and you don't get any more
definitive than that.

557
00:38:07,200 --> 00:38:12,000
Heartened by success, Steve
continues on towards base camp.

558
00:38:19,280 --> 00:38:25,240
Back in camp, Alan is marking all
confirmed tiger sightings on a map.

559
00:38:25,240 --> 00:38:29,360
Expedition biologist Rebecca Pradan
has spent many years

560
00:38:29,360 --> 00:38:30,680
trekking through western Bhutan,

561
00:38:30,680 --> 00:38:35,160
where she's seen tigers
with her own eyes.

562
00:38:35,160 --> 00:38:39,600
And when I saw that tiger,
I was just pinching myself.

563
00:38:39,600 --> 00:38:41,040
Weren't you scared?

564
00:38:41,040 --> 00:38:44,320
No, it's quite
a little bit far away,

565
00:38:44,320 --> 00:38:48,400
so then after some time,
there's two things climb up.

566
00:38:48,400 --> 00:38:55,960
It's a little bit like a dog little
bit smaller than a dog size cubs.

567
00:38:55,960 --> 00:38:57,520
Both cubs were there.

568
00:38:57,520 --> 00:39:01,480
So it was a female and two cubs?
That's terrific.

569
00:39:01,480 --> 00:39:04,880
You've had more close tiger
encounters than I have ever had.

570
00:39:04,880 --> 00:39:08,240
That's incredible. All of the data
is now coming together.

571
00:39:08,240 --> 00:39:11,960
The fact that Rebecca has walked so
much of Bhutan

572
00:39:11,960 --> 00:39:15,640
and has had first-hand sightings
of tigers right in front of her,

573
00:39:15,640 --> 00:39:19,640
tiger prints right in front of her -
females and cubs -

574
00:39:19,640 --> 00:39:23,600
all that is exactly
the kind of data we need.

575
00:39:23,600 --> 00:39:27,800
And what this is showing
is that large areas of Bhutan

576
00:39:27,800 --> 00:39:31,640
not only have tigers,
but have tiger populations breeding.

577
00:39:31,640 --> 00:39:35,200
So the source population
that Bhutan will provide

578
00:39:35,200 --> 00:39:38,320
for the overall
Himalayan tiger corridor now

579
00:39:38,320 --> 00:39:41,600
is growing and growing as
we get more and more data.

580
00:39:45,960 --> 00:39:50,920
With so many tiger populations
facing a genetic dead end,

581
00:39:50,920 --> 00:39:56,000
Bhutan's extensive forests
could serve as a tiger nursery,

582
00:39:56,000 --> 00:40:00,640
helping to repopulate
other areas of the Himalayas.

583
00:40:00,640 --> 00:40:05,360
More than ever now I believe
that Bhutan is the key

584
00:40:05,360 --> 00:40:08,800
to what I envisioned
as the Himalayan corridor.

585
00:40:08,800 --> 00:40:11,680
If you think of the Himalayan
corridor as a body,

586
00:40:11,680 --> 00:40:15,040
this really could be thought of as
the heart,

587
00:40:15,040 --> 00:40:19,040
pumping blood out throughout
the entire body, keeping it alive.

588
00:40:19,040 --> 00:40:22,280
Much of the rest of the body
is starting to die.

589
00:40:22,280 --> 00:40:26,240
But this has the potential
to not only keep it alive,

590
00:40:26,240 --> 00:40:29,560
but to invigorate
the rest of the body.

591
00:40:30,800 --> 00:40:36,680
Up-river, Steve's expedition
has come to an abrupt halt.

592
00:40:36,680 --> 00:40:40,360
Their path blocked
by a near impossible rapid,

593
00:40:40,360 --> 00:40:43,400
they must judge whether
there's a safe route through.

594
00:40:43,400 --> 00:40:47,440
Looks pretty scary. It does, doesn't
it? It's quite intimidating really.

595
00:40:47,440 --> 00:40:49,400
It's a lot of water going downstream.

596
00:40:49,400 --> 00:40:51,480
How do you feel about it?

597
00:40:51,480 --> 00:40:53,360
Um...

598
00:40:53,360 --> 00:40:56,120
My concern is that
if I make a mistake,

599
00:40:56,120 --> 00:41:01,440
if I roll over up here somewhere
and can't get back up again

600
00:41:01,440 --> 00:41:04,360
and get thrown
into that washing machine,

601
00:41:04,360 --> 00:41:08,320
that would be, well it would be
awful. No. it wouldn't be much fun.

602
00:41:08,320 --> 00:41:11,800
It's one of those rapids, you've
actually got to just pick your line,

603
00:41:11,800 --> 00:41:13,160
look exactly where you go

604
00:41:13,160 --> 00:41:16,280
and that's what you concentrate on
and you just go for it,

605
00:41:16,280 --> 00:41:18,040
and make sure you nail it.

606
00:41:29,160 --> 00:41:31,120
Hard left! Hard left! Hard left!

607
00:41:37,040 --> 00:41:39,000
Come on, come on, come on!

608
00:41:51,480 --> 00:41:53,440
Agh! Whoa!

609
00:42:07,640 --> 00:42:11,600
Woo-hoo!

610
00:42:11,600 --> 00:42:15,160
OK, Steve, can you hear me?

611
00:42:15,160 --> 00:42:17,040
I can hear you fine, Dave.

612
00:42:17,040 --> 00:42:20,800
That looked like a hell of a run
down the bottom, violent as anything.

613
00:42:20,800 --> 00:42:24,120
Any advice for the raft
just before we head on down?

614
00:42:24,120 --> 00:42:26,800
Just power left
through those waves to begin with

615
00:42:26,800 --> 00:42:31,040
and make sure you go to the side
of that massive hole.

616
00:42:31,040 --> 00:42:35,720
You can't miss seeing it,
but unfortunately I think you could
miss and get dragged into it.

617
00:42:35,720 --> 00:42:38,680
You've just got to
power on through there, I think.

618
00:42:42,120 --> 00:42:45,120
Woo! All forward.

619
00:43:02,320 --> 00:43:05,160
This river better not
get any bigger than that.

620
00:43:05,160 --> 00:43:07,120
That is my absolute limit.

621
00:43:07,120 --> 00:43:11,480
But this place is out of this world.

622
00:43:16,760 --> 00:43:20,680
Back in camp,
George is on bath duty.

623
00:43:23,080 --> 00:43:25,040
This is great.

624
00:43:30,000 --> 00:43:33,720
Alan has a new mission for him.

625
00:43:33,720 --> 00:43:37,120
If Bhutan is to be at the heart
of a massive tiger corridor,

626
00:43:37,120 --> 00:43:38,720
the team needs to discover

627
00:43:38,720 --> 00:43:43,160
what local people think about
coexisting alongside big cats.

628
00:43:43,160 --> 00:43:47,680
Alan has asked George to trek
to a settlement up river.

629
00:43:47,680 --> 00:43:50,880
George this is a really, really
important trip that you're taking.

630
00:43:50,880 --> 00:43:52,840
If the corridor is going to work,

631
00:43:52,840 --> 00:43:55,920
we know we've got the tigers here -
the big cats -

632
00:43:55,920 --> 00:43:57,880
and we know that the young males

633
00:43:57,880 --> 00:43:59,800
are going to disperse
outward from here,

634
00:43:59,800 --> 00:44:02,840
but we have to know if it can work

635
00:44:02,840 --> 00:44:05,480
once they go out
into the human landscape,

636
00:44:05,480 --> 00:44:07,840
where they pass by human settlements.

637
00:44:07,840 --> 00:44:10,920
So some of the stuff that's going
to be really vital

638
00:44:10,920 --> 00:44:15,160
is what people feel
about living among tigers.

639
00:44:15,160 --> 00:44:17,640
If they value it? If they accept it?

640
00:44:17,640 --> 00:44:19,480
If they're angry about it?

641
00:44:19,480 --> 00:44:23,400
They're going to be one of our really
important pieces to the puzzle.

642
00:44:29,040 --> 00:44:32,280
Rebecca will introduce him
to the people of Yumdang,

643
00:44:32,280 --> 00:44:34,720
a small village
three hours' walk away.

644
00:44:34,720 --> 00:44:37,400
Very wobbly!

645
00:44:37,400 --> 00:44:39,200
I'm very scared on the bridge.

646
00:44:39,200 --> 00:44:41,600
I thought you'd be used to this?

647
00:44:41,600 --> 00:44:44,480
No, I walk, but I'm very scared

648
00:44:44,480 --> 00:44:45,880
all the time.

649
00:44:48,120 --> 00:44:50,680
They are not alone
on the forest path.

650
00:44:50,680 --> 00:44:52,680
Ah!

651
00:44:52,680 --> 00:44:53,880
I've been leeched.

652
00:44:53,880 --> 00:44:55,840
There'll be other ones, I'm sure.

653
00:44:55,840 --> 00:44:57,960
They're all God's little creatures.

654
00:44:57,960 --> 00:44:59,360
Ah!

655
00:44:59,360 --> 00:45:00,720
Look!

656
00:45:00,720 --> 00:45:02,680
How did it get on my finger?

657
00:45:07,240 --> 00:45:09,240
Even Eden has its problems.

658
00:45:09,240 --> 00:45:11,920
I mean, look at this. Every time you
walk past,

659
00:45:11,920 --> 00:45:15,160
you will find a leech
and they know exactly where you are.

660
00:45:15,160 --> 00:45:19,000
I'm just holding my hand out and
it's hot and it's reaching out,

661
00:45:19,000 --> 00:45:20,640
it's just desperate to get to me.

662
00:45:22,480 --> 00:45:25,600
Oh! But I won't let you.

663
00:45:25,600 --> 00:45:28,680
These are monsters.

664
00:45:36,120 --> 00:45:38,160
That's going to bleed for a while.

665
00:45:54,160 --> 00:46:00,320
In the east of Bhutan, Steve's
stopping at each remote community
along the Drangme Chhu valley

666
00:46:00,320 --> 00:46:03,480
to ask whether they've seen tigers.

667
00:46:12,880 --> 00:46:17,280
There are many sightings,
but the best is yet to come.

668
00:46:18,800 --> 00:46:23,200
Just been chatting to this guy
through two separate interpreters

669
00:46:23,200 --> 00:46:26,760
because he doesn't actually speak
the normal Bhutanese language.

670
00:46:26,760 --> 00:46:30,880
He's a farmer who moves around an
awful lot around this area

671
00:46:30,880 --> 00:46:32,960
and has just come down
with his cattle

672
00:46:32,960 --> 00:46:34,720
to a place quite close to here.

673
00:46:36,840 --> 00:46:40,040
HE SPEAKS NATIVE LANGUAGE

674
00:46:43,080 --> 00:46:45,960
He think about this, maybe, in total.

675
00:46:45,960 --> 00:46:48,600
In total when it was laid out.

676
00:46:48,600 --> 00:46:51,240
Body like this,
and tail like this.

677
00:46:51,240 --> 00:46:55,760
What is actually quite interesting
is that just two years ago,

678
00:46:55,760 --> 00:46:58,560
they actually found a tiger cub.

679
00:46:58,560 --> 00:47:00,720
He said it was about this size,

680
00:47:00,720 --> 00:47:04,600
so it wasn't a young tiger cub -
probably a year or even more old.

681
00:47:04,600 --> 00:47:08,440
The fact that you've got
a tiger that's with its mother,

682
00:47:08,440 --> 00:47:11,600
that's moving through an area like
this is significant

683
00:47:11,600 --> 00:47:13,720
because it's usually
the young males

684
00:47:13,720 --> 00:47:16,160
that are going to be actually
travelling big distances

685
00:47:16,160 --> 00:47:17,600
to set up big territories.

686
00:47:17,600 --> 00:47:21,000
Far more likely if you've got
a mother with a young cub

687
00:47:21,000 --> 00:47:24,000
that she is actually living around
here somewhere,

688
00:47:24,000 --> 00:47:27,960
and that would actually
be quite a dramatic discovery.

689
00:47:29,800 --> 00:47:34,120
News of breeding females in this
far eastern part of the country

690
00:47:34,120 --> 00:47:36,320
is very good news indeed.

691
00:47:38,000 --> 00:47:41,240
But even in these pristine forests,

692
00:47:41,240 --> 00:47:47,960
tigers will only survive if people
accept predators on their doorstep.

693
00:47:47,960 --> 00:47:53,320
You can't treat any habitat
or any place on its own.

694
00:47:53,320 --> 00:47:56,240
You have to include
the human element.

695
00:47:56,240 --> 00:47:58,960
And any efforts that you might do

696
00:47:58,960 --> 00:48:02,360
to conserve any particular animal
or the whole habitat

697
00:48:02,360 --> 00:48:05,680
has to include a human element,

698
00:48:05,680 --> 00:48:09,240
because if you don't,
your efforts are futile.

699
00:48:09,240 --> 00:48:12,680
Before getting a chance to ask any
questions,

700
00:48:12,680 --> 00:48:16,360
George is welcomed into a village
game of kuru,

701
00:48:16,360 --> 00:48:18,360
the local version of darts.

702
00:48:25,240 --> 00:48:26,960
You have to throw the dart

703
00:48:26,960 --> 00:48:30,360
at that object? What, from there?!

704
00:48:30,360 --> 00:48:33,360
Not from there. From there to here.

705
00:48:33,360 --> 00:48:38,680
You're throwing it from there
to here? That's quite a long way.

706
00:48:38,680 --> 00:48:41,520
I'm so going to lose here!

707
00:48:43,080 --> 00:48:45,800
I love the way
they indicate the target,

708
00:48:45,800 --> 00:48:48,240
going, "Here, come on,
hit it, come on."

709
00:48:51,400 --> 00:48:54,760
Are you going to stand there?
I haven't thrown this before.

710
00:48:54,760 --> 00:48:56,880
What if I miss?

711
00:48:59,800 --> 00:49:01,040
Oh!

712
00:49:02,880 --> 00:49:07,200
He's doing fine, because
it's the first time he's playing,
so that's why.

713
00:49:07,200 --> 00:49:09,040
I think he couldn't hit the target,

714
00:49:09,040 --> 00:49:11,800
but after some time,
it's possible he may hit the target.

715
00:49:15,760 --> 00:49:18,360
Somehow, George's team wins.

716
00:49:22,000 --> 00:49:24,080
THEY SING

717
00:49:28,800 --> 00:49:30,080
SHE LAUGHS

718
00:49:31,480 --> 00:49:33,520
GEORGE JOINS IN CHANTING

719
00:49:33,520 --> 00:49:37,480
THEY CHANT AND CHEER

720
00:49:40,080 --> 00:49:42,560
After ten days exploring
the Drangme Chhu,

721
00:49:42,560 --> 00:49:45,720
Steve and the rafting team
are approaching base camp.

722
00:49:45,720 --> 00:49:48,160
During his dramatic, 100-kilometre
journey,

723
00:49:48,160 --> 00:49:51,440
Steve has not only
found tiger tracks,

724
00:49:51,440 --> 00:49:53,640
but has collected
many eye-witness accounts

725
00:49:53,640 --> 00:49:56,680
of tigers living at several
different locations along the river.

726
00:49:58,680 --> 00:50:00,760
Here they come.

727
00:50:08,640 --> 00:50:10,680
Hey, look at you.

728
00:50:10,680 --> 00:50:14,560
Hey, Alan, how are you doing?
I'm doing great, how about you?

729
00:50:14,560 --> 00:50:17,000
Really good. You look great.

730
00:50:18,520 --> 00:50:20,960
Wow, this is a strange sight.

731
00:50:20,960 --> 00:50:22,520
Thank you very much.

732
00:50:22,520 --> 00:50:26,240
How you been, buddy? Good. Great to
see you. Was it a good trip?

733
00:50:26,240 --> 00:50:28,840
Really good. Oh, it was
absolutely incredible, yes. Really?

734
00:50:28,840 --> 00:50:30,880
It's an amazing part of the world.

735
00:50:30,880 --> 00:50:35,040
Well, before we go, you just have to
tell me did you find any evidence...

736
00:50:35,040 --> 00:50:36,760
Yes. Yeah, yeah absolutely.
You're kidding?

737
00:50:36,760 --> 00:50:39,960
Almost everyone we spoke to had
seen tigers.

738
00:50:39,960 --> 00:50:43,160
The stories were,
I would say very, very strong.

739
00:50:43,160 --> 00:50:45,400
Some of them had seen
them within weeks.

740
00:50:45,400 --> 00:50:47,000
You're kidding?
No, absolutely serious.

741
00:50:47,000 --> 00:50:51,680
They said, "Yeah, they come through
here quite regularly, I see their
paw prints on the beach,"

742
00:50:51,680 --> 00:50:54,880
or, "Someone in my village
sees one every couple of months."

743
00:50:54,880 --> 00:51:00,280
Well, that's great.
One guy actually found a tiger cub
within yards of his house.

744
00:51:00,280 --> 00:51:06,600
That's phenomenal! It's very possible
there are actually populations living
along that whole riverine area.

745
00:51:08,360 --> 00:51:10,880
That's great. God, great news.

746
00:51:13,920 --> 00:51:15,720
To farmers with livestock,

747
00:51:15,720 --> 00:51:21,360
news of wild predators living
close by may not be so welcome.

748
00:51:21,360 --> 00:51:26,600
You obviously keep animals here, you
have cows and other domestic animals.

749
00:51:26,600 --> 00:51:35,840
Have you ever heard of a case
when those animals have been eaten
or killed by wild animals?

750
00:51:43,760 --> 00:51:47,000
Ah, right,
so if there was a wild cat,

751
00:51:47,000 --> 00:51:51,040
say a tiger was to ever kill one
of your cattle, would you hunt it?

752
00:51:58,640 --> 00:52:01,880
It seems to be a very
relaxed view of it.

753
00:52:01,880 --> 00:52:05,280
In other areas of the world,

754
00:52:05,280 --> 00:52:08,280
if a wild animal was to kill
a cow or something,

755
00:52:08,280 --> 00:52:10,840
they would be up in arms about it.

756
00:52:10,840 --> 00:52:14,160
Everyone would be hunting it
and make sure it

757
00:52:14,160 --> 00:52:19,360
ended its eating spree,
so that's quite interesting.

758
00:52:19,360 --> 00:52:25,520
You believe that humans and wild
animals can exist in sort of harmony?

759
00:52:40,800 --> 00:52:43,040
Bye.

760
00:52:44,400 --> 00:52:47,520
Bye-bye. Thank you for the food.

761
00:52:49,080 --> 00:52:53,520
Generally, it seems that they have
quite a relaxed attitude
towards wild animals.

762
00:52:53,520 --> 00:52:57,000
They're happy they're here, they're
happy that they have them around.

763
00:52:57,000 --> 00:53:01,120
They believe that they should be in
harmony with the animals

764
00:53:01,120 --> 00:53:04,160
and their habitat,
and they love the forest.

765
00:53:04,160 --> 00:53:07,600
They think their forest
is absolutely great.

766
00:53:09,280 --> 00:53:14,080
Such good will towards tigers
is extraordinary.

767
00:53:14,080 --> 00:53:16,160
It's a hopeful sign that Bhutan

768
00:53:16,160 --> 00:53:20,200
could be at the core of a successful
Himalayan tiger corridor.

769
00:53:22,760 --> 00:53:27,680
Gordon is back in camp,
reviewing his remote cameras again.

770
00:53:27,680 --> 00:53:30,400
If he has tiger images from several
locations,

771
00:53:30,400 --> 00:53:33,840
Alan can work out the
population density in this area.

772
00:53:33,840 --> 00:53:36,080
Got nothing on this one.

773
00:53:36,080 --> 00:53:39,880
It's been fired by something
but I don't know what it is.

774
00:53:42,640 --> 00:53:46,680
Up to now, he has captured
four tiger shots.

775
00:53:49,200 --> 00:53:52,520
Yes! Look at that.

776
00:53:52,520 --> 00:53:54,360
You beauty.

777
00:53:56,160 --> 00:53:59,440
This is great, it really is.

778
00:54:03,600 --> 00:54:06,000
Alan is going to be
very pleased with this.

779
00:54:06,000 --> 00:54:09,760
Oh, you beautiful beast,
look at that.

780
00:54:09,760 --> 00:54:12,920
Cool as a cucumber. They've got
a real swagger to them

781
00:54:12,920 --> 00:54:17,080
that only
the king of the forest has.

782
00:54:17,080 --> 00:54:20,320
They've got a real confidence.
There's nothing in this forest

783
00:54:20,320 --> 00:54:22,120
that these tigers have to fear

784
00:54:22,120 --> 00:54:25,600
and you can see it in the way
that they move. Strutting around.

785
00:54:27,440 --> 00:54:30,320
The only way of distinguishing
one tiger from another

786
00:54:30,320 --> 00:54:32,920
is by looking at closely
at their stripes.

787
00:54:32,920 --> 00:54:36,240
Once you start looking at
these tigers in detail,

788
00:54:36,240 --> 00:54:39,360
you realise that the stripe pattern
is completely different.

789
00:54:39,360 --> 00:54:43,200
They are as different
to each other as humans are.

790
00:54:43,200 --> 00:54:44,520
OK.

791
00:54:46,760 --> 00:54:49,400
HE EXHALES
Very good.

792
00:54:57,480 --> 00:55:00,960
Gordon has captured
11 different tiger images.

793
00:55:00,960 --> 00:55:05,840
Now he and Alan have to distinguish
one animal from another.

794
00:55:05,840 --> 00:55:09,280
Look at this one shot which we did.

795
00:55:09,280 --> 00:55:11,720
Now we compared striping patterns

796
00:55:11,720 --> 00:55:17,080
of this individual -
which is a beautiful side shot -

797
00:55:17,080 --> 00:55:18,560
to that individual.

798
00:55:18,560 --> 00:55:22,320
Another great - pretty great -
side shot. Cool.

799
00:55:22,320 --> 00:55:25,960
Pulled a single pattern out,
and overlapped them.

800
00:55:25,960 --> 00:55:29,520
Perfect, like a fingerprint.
Isn't that great?

801
00:55:29,520 --> 00:55:34,160
OK, that's great, except it means
that those two shots are one tiger.

802
00:55:34,160 --> 00:55:36,520
This is true of several
of the pictures.

803
00:55:36,520 --> 00:55:38,360
Now, there's one other shot.

804
00:55:38,360 --> 00:55:41,560
Really nice, look at that,
steps over the stream.

805
00:55:41,560 --> 00:55:44,040
Good behaviour. Nice behaviour shot.

806
00:55:44,040 --> 00:55:46,600
We're comparing that to this tiger,

807
00:55:46,600 --> 00:55:50,720
coming straight, but we
can look at these side stripes.

808
00:55:50,720 --> 00:55:53,280
We can overlay those sides.

809
00:55:53,280 --> 00:55:55,360
We can shift it,

810
00:55:55,360 --> 00:55:57,120
not at all.

811
00:55:57,120 --> 00:56:01,360
So here we have clear,
beautiful, two individual tigers.

812
00:56:01,360 --> 00:56:05,720
Let's say out of all those shots
we have, I think,

813
00:56:05,720 --> 00:56:08,080
possibly three
individual tigers at least...

814
00:56:08,080 --> 00:56:11,240
That's incredible.
..in a 40, 50 square kilometre area.

815
00:56:11,240 --> 00:56:13,240
That's a good density.

816
00:56:13,240 --> 00:56:15,880
That's really good in this area.

817
00:56:15,880 --> 00:56:21,200
That would be about six tigers per
100 square kilometres. That's a lot.

818
00:56:21,200 --> 00:56:23,400
That's a really good density.

819
00:56:27,880 --> 00:56:32,200
Bhutan doesn't just have
a handful of tigers.

820
00:56:32,200 --> 00:56:36,040
The evidence the team's collected
from east to west

821
00:56:36,040 --> 00:56:40,200
points to a high
natural density of this big cat,

822
00:56:40,200 --> 00:56:43,240
stretching across the
southern half of the country.

823
00:56:48,720 --> 00:56:52,680
There's just one final
piece of the puzzle.

824
00:56:52,680 --> 00:56:56,000
The team need to discover whether
Bhutan's tigers

825
00:56:56,000 --> 00:56:58,480
are roaming
into the mountainous north.

826
00:56:58,480 --> 00:57:02,040
If they are, huge areas of the
Himalayas

827
00:57:02,040 --> 00:57:05,560
can be included in
the proposed tiger corridor.

828
00:57:08,520 --> 00:57:11,800
Now Gordon's returning
to check the remote cameras

829
00:57:11,800 --> 00:57:15,640
he left recording at high altitude
at the start of the expedition.

830
00:57:18,000 --> 00:57:20,120
George will assist him.

831
00:57:26,640 --> 00:57:29,640
It's quite exciting,
because all this time

832
00:57:29,640 --> 00:57:31,240
that I've been at base camp,

833
00:57:31,240 --> 00:57:33,880
the camera traps
that I laid up in the Himalayas,

834
00:57:33,880 --> 00:57:36,520
they've been clicking away
and recording images up there.

835
00:57:38,080 --> 00:57:40,720
The real important part
of this expedition now

836
00:57:40,720 --> 00:57:45,280
is to find out if tigers can exist
higher up in the Himalayas.

837
00:57:51,600 --> 00:57:56,920
In the final phase, George spots
a big cat on the edge of camp...

838
00:57:56,920 --> 00:57:59,120
(It's behind you.)

839
00:58:00,240 --> 00:58:03,240
..Steve is stalked
by a snow leopard...

840
00:58:03,240 --> 00:58:07,040
If a snow leopard
can take down a yak,

841
00:58:07,040 --> 00:58:10,480
it certainly
wouldn't struggle with me.

842
00:58:10,480 --> 00:58:12,960
And I don't know
where the hell I am.

843
00:58:14,520 --> 00:58:18,600
..and Gordon makes
the discovery of a lifetime.

844
00:58:18,600 --> 00:58:20,720
Oh, my gosh!

845
00:58:20,720 --> 00:58:22,920
Oh, my gosh!

846
00:58:42,520 --> 00:58:45,600
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847
00:58:45,600 --> 00:58:48,600
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