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She is perhaps Hitler's
best-known victim.

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Her book has sold more
than 25 million copies...

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...and has been translated
into at least 55 languages.

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She's become a symbol of 10
million souls murdered by the Nazis...

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...Jews and non-Jews...

7
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...and, in particular, the one and
a half million innocent children.

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She was just 15 when she died.

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A miserable and lonely death
in a concentration camp in Germany.

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Yet she is remembered
for her faith in humanity.

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This is the story of the life
and legacy of Anne Frank.

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In Amsterdam, some of the remnants
of a once-thriving Jewish community.

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Every person in this congregation,
like Jews throughout Europe...

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...has a story of their own...

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...of persecution, murder,
fear or betrayal.

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The rabbi spent the first
2 years of his life in hiding...

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...sheltered by a Christian family.

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But one girl reaches
beyond all those memories.

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Hers is not just a Holocaust story,
for the voice of Anne Frank...

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...stands as a warning to those
who discriminate on the basis...

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...of color, culture or creed.

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Her message is as fresh today
as it was 50 years ago.

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The notorious Nazi propaganda film...

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...The Eternal Jew.

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Distorted images portraying
an Aryan nightmare...

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...of the Jewish threat
to European civilization.

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And this, the family Frank:

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Prosperous, cultivated,
sophisticated...

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...and integrated.

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In fact, they were a German family.
German to the core.

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The antithesis of ghetto Jews.

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Anne's father, Otto,
was an officer in the German army...

33
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...in the first World War.

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The family had lived in and around
Frankfurt for generations.

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But Otto had traveled the world, even
working in Macy's store in New York...

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...where a college friend,
Nathan Straus, was the owner's son.

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In 1925, the 36-year-old Otto
married Edith Hollander...

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...a 25-year-old Jewish girl
from Aachen, Germany...

39
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...near the Dutch border.

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They honeymooned in Italy.

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Their first daughter, Margot,
followed 9 months later...

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...and their second, Annelies,
better known as Anne, in June 1929.

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It was a good life in Frankfurt
in those early years.

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One could almost forget the long
shadow of National Socialism.

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But beneath the idyllic surface...

46
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...far removed from the children's world,
turmoil.

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DANGER JEWS

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Their landlord turned out to be
a Nazi party member.

49
00:04:01,440 --> 00:04:04,640
And in March 1931, they moved.

50
00:04:07,760 --> 00:04:11,360
The bank owned by the family
also had serious problems...

51
00:04:11,560 --> 00:04:14,200
...resulting in its complete
collapse in 1933...

52
00:04:14,400 --> 00:04:17,200
...caused by Otto's brother
being the victim of a fraud...

53
00:04:17,440 --> 00:04:21,000
...and the effects of the Depression,
particularly acute in Germany.

54
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And, of course, the threat
of the gathering storm.

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On the streets...

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...at the rallies...

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ONE RACE ONE NATION

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...and finally in January 1933...

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...the ballot box.

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ONE LEADER

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For it is often forgotten that Hitler
gained power in a democratic election.

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For the Franks,
the German dream was over.

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Some of the family
had moved to Switzerland.

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Otto chose to try his luck in Holland...

65
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...where he had
prior business connections.

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In autumn 1933, the family settled
here in Merwedeplein...

67
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...a modern housing development
in South Amsterdam.

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They established a settled and full
existence amongst German refugees...

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...and Dutch neighbors.

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We moved into the same neighborhood
as the Frank family.

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Many other refugees moved there.

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And so there was a little bit
of a German-Jewish enclave...

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...by no means a ghetto,
but just a little enclave.

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Quite often parents would speak
German in the street...

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...which annoyed us
children terribly, of course.

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Hanneli Goslar

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My father was a deputy minister
in the interior.

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And he was the chief
of the press in Germany.

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He had really a very high position.

80
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And he immediately fled...

81
00:06:04,320 --> 00:06:07,680
...when the whole
government stepped down.

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And, okay, we went
to England before...

83
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...but he didn't find a job where
he didn't have to work Shabbat.

84
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And so we stopped here
in Merwedeplein.

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Life for Jewish refugees...

86
00:06:21,400 --> 00:06:25,960
...as I experienced it as a young
child, in a way had its charms.

87
00:06:26,200 --> 00:06:31,000
What I particularly enjoyed was that
we adapted faster than our parents.

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Our parents had to
turn to us and ask us...

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...what's done in this country.

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And I found this
tremendously democratizing.

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I really enjoyed that part very much.

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The Franks formed an active social life
amongst the other refugee families.

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For visitors, Anne's behavior
made the Sunday gatherings...

94
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...something of an ordeal.

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She was just what
you could call naughty.

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She had to sit on a table where
everything was very beautiful...

97
00:07:05,880 --> 00:07:10,240
...in a beautiful dress and have
her chocolate not spoil it.

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Isa Baschwitz

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She just didn't want to.

100
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She got up and she made fuss,
and she...

101
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...drew attention.

102
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And then she grew angry.

103
00:07:23,560 --> 00:07:26,200
And that angriness...

104
00:07:26,400 --> 00:07:30,160
...that was the problem
between the parents.

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Mother Frank said, "You sit down. "

106
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And Father Frank said:

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"Leave the child alone.
She's so small and she's so little. "

108
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So she was allowed to do
the things she wanted.

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And that happened every time.

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Every time that girl was naughty...

111
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...was impertinent,
later on, really impertinent.

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I remember very strongly
that Mr. Frank...

113
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...was seen as an ideal daddy,
that he was the daddy...

114
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...because he was so much involved
in his girls' education.

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He fixed his wife breakfast on Sunday
morning and brought it to her bedside...

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...which was unheard of in our circles.
So that news made the round:

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"Mr. Frank does this for his wife!
How great. "

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Otto Frank
interviewed in 1979

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We left Germany in 1933...

120
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...because I didn't want to educate
my children with blinkers.

121
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They were not allowed to see
Christian friends anymore.

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In Holland, it was different.

123
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Upon her arrival in Amsterdam...

124
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...the 4-year-old Anne was sent
to the Montessori school...

125
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...where Lies Goslar
became her best friend.

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Years later, in her diary,
Anne wrote this of Lies:

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00:08:54,840 --> 00:08:59,560
"Hanneli Goslar, or Lies, as she's
called at school, is a bit strange.

128
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She's usually shy...

129
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...outspoken at home but reserved
around other people.

130
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She blabs whatever you tell her
to her mother.

131
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But she says what she thinks.

132
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And lately, I've come
to appreciate her a great deal. "

133
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Anne and Lies' friendship had begun
on their very first day at school.

134
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Exactly in opposite of the door...

135
00:09:23,920 --> 00:09:27,920
...I saw the back of Anne, and
she was ringing these little bells.

136
00:09:28,120 --> 00:09:32,400
And she turned around, and she saw me,
I saw her, and hop...

137
00:09:32,600 --> 00:09:35,200
...we run each into
the arms of another.

138
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I think my mother went away.
I didn't look at her anymore.

139
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And this was the first day.

140
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Since then we were together
really till the end.

141
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Of the two sisters, I was really more
impressed with Margot than with Anne...

142
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...for rather obvious reasons.

143
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Margot was a year and a half older
than I am, so she was a model.

144
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She was ladylike.
She was always composed.

145
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She always did her homework.
She was just the ideal young lady.

146
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I was a tomboy, so I always thought
it would be great to be like Margot.

147
00:10:05,840 --> 00:10:09,360
Anne was very lively, and I didn't
need any model for that.

148
00:10:09,560 --> 00:10:10,920
I was lively myself.

149
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Besides, she was younger. You never
model yourself after a younger child.

150
00:10:15,480 --> 00:10:17,920
So I know her-
All the time.

151
00:10:18,120 --> 00:10:19,960
I could do that just as well.

152
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I will start with the sentence
my mother said always.

153
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My mother said, "God knows everything.
Anne knows everything better. "

154
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This describes Anne, you understand?
I don't know in English...

155
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She knew everything better.

156
00:10:35,240 --> 00:10:38,640
Anne was- In America you say "spicy. "
A spicy girl.

157
00:10:38,840 --> 00:10:41,920
She always was friendly with the boys.
The boys liked her.

158
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The girls liked her. She also always
was in the center of the thing.

159
00:10:47,280 --> 00:10:51,560
Then she had something I never saw,
not before and not afterwards.

160
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She could take out the socket
out of the shoulder...

161
00:10:56,160 --> 00:10:58,640
...and she would sit,
and everybody looked.

162
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And then she made out,
and knock, knock, knock.

163
00:11:02,360 --> 00:11:06,480
You have to be very careful. You can
end up with an orthopedic doctor.

164
00:11:06,680 --> 00:11:11,640
She liked it, and everybody was looking
at her. And then she was happy.

165
00:11:14,720 --> 00:11:18,280
When he came to Holland, Otto Frank
set up the Opekta Company...

166
00:11:18,480 --> 00:11:21,520
...a Dutch subsidiary of a German
concern, selling pectin...

167
00:11:21,720 --> 00:11:23,800
...a substance used in making jam.

168
00:11:24,200 --> 00:11:27,720
The progressive Otto had a film
produced to promote the product.

169
00:11:31,240 --> 00:11:35,120
In the early days, he had
four key colleagues, all non-Jews.

170
00:11:35,320 --> 00:11:38,640
One of those employees was
an Austrian who'd grown up in Holland.

171
00:11:38,840 --> 00:11:40,200
Miep Gies.

172
00:11:41,640 --> 00:11:45,680
It was a very fine place to work...

173
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...because we understand
all the people in the office.

174
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We were very close,
was friendly together.

175
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He was always our boss...

176
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...but also our father.

177
00:11:58,840 --> 00:12:03,400
We can go to Mr. Frank with
all our troubles and sorrow.

178
00:12:04,840 --> 00:12:09,040
The office boy and general helper
from 1933 until 1939...

179
00:12:09,240 --> 00:12:11,280
...was Henk van Beersekamp.

180
00:12:15,400 --> 00:12:17,440
Mrs. Frank was different
from Otto Frank.

181
00:12:17,680 --> 00:12:21,680
Otto Frank was a familiar,
friendly man...

182
00:12:21,880 --> 00:12:23,920
...who treated me as an equal...

183
00:12:24,160 --> 00:12:26,080
...and with kindness.

184
00:12:26,280 --> 00:12:30,040
Mrs. Frank was a bit...

185
00:12:30,240 --> 00:12:31,800
...well, maybe
she had been accustomed...

186
00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:33,920
...to better things
in life in Germany.

187
00:12:34,120 --> 00:12:35,400
I don't know.

188
00:12:35,600 --> 00:12:38,480
Margot was a bit subdued...

189
00:12:38,680 --> 00:12:40,400
...but Anne was a dear.

190
00:12:40,600 --> 00:12:42,280
I had lots of fun with her...

191
00:12:42,480 --> 00:12:45,440
...because we would make
funny faces...

192
00:12:45,640 --> 00:12:47,280
...which she found amusing.

193
00:12:47,480 --> 00:12:52,040
I remember one time I did this:

194
00:12:52,240 --> 00:12:54,200
And she always split
her sides with laughter.

195
00:12:54,400 --> 00:12:55,960
And when I did that, her tongue...

196
00:12:56,160 --> 00:12:57,400
...would move to and fro.

197
00:12:57,600 --> 00:13:01,160
But it was fun.
She was a great girl.

198
00:13:06,520 --> 00:13:11,000
Dutch Nazis putting on a show
in Amsterdam in 1938.

199
00:13:11,240 --> 00:13:14,680
Though Hitler had infiltrated
the police, the civil service...

200
00:13:14,880 --> 00:13:16,440
...even the prime minister...

201
00:13:16,640 --> 00:13:18,720
...in the years
before the war, Holland...

202
00:13:18,920 --> 00:13:22,040
...was generally good to
its Jewish refugees from Germany.

203
00:13:22,320 --> 00:13:25,080
Despite these scenes
of Fascist collaborators...

204
00:13:25,280 --> 00:13:29,920
...the Dutch and German Jews believed
that they would be safe in Holland...

205
00:13:30,160 --> 00:13:33,120
...far from the F�hrer
in their former homeland.

206
00:13:33,760 --> 00:13:37,360
Few, very few,
tried to leave for safer shores.

207
00:13:37,600 --> 00:13:40,560
And Otto and his family
were not amongst them.

208
00:13:42,240 --> 00:13:45,000
Sometimes I said to Mr. Frank:

209
00:13:45,200 --> 00:13:50,360
"You must go out of the Netherlands.
It will be danger for you. "

210
00:13:50,560 --> 00:13:51,560
Miep Gies

211
00:13:51,760 --> 00:13:53,440
"No," said he.

212
00:13:53,640 --> 00:13:58,520
"In the first World War, the German
came not here in the Netherlands.

213
00:13:58,720 --> 00:14:03,000
So they come the second time,
also not. "

214
00:14:05,320 --> 00:14:08,440
And I said to him,
"You must go to America. "

215
00:14:08,640 --> 00:14:12,600
"No, I stay here
because I love the Netherlands. "

216
00:14:16,200 --> 00:14:18,880
The faith of Otto Frank
and thousands like him...

217
00:14:19,080 --> 00:14:21,920
...was catastrophically misplaced.

218
00:14:22,120 --> 00:14:25,800
By May 1940, Hitler had conquered
almost all of Europe.

219
00:14:26,000 --> 00:14:29,160
Austria, Poland, Norway, Denmark...

220
00:14:29,360 --> 00:14:33,040
...Yugoslavia, Greece,
Romania, Bulgaria...

221
00:14:33,240 --> 00:14:37,960
...and most of France had fallen to
Germany's air force and storm troops.

222
00:14:43,040 --> 00:14:45,840
Europe's low countries
remained as a tantalizing morsel...

223
00:14:46,040 --> 00:14:48,160
...to be swallowed whole.

224
00:14:49,000 --> 00:14:52,720
Then by the 14th of May, 1940,
it was all over.

225
00:14:53,680 --> 00:14:55,800
Five days after the Germans
had finally...

226
00:14:56,040 --> 00:14:59,480
...smashed through Holland's borders,
the Dutch capitulated.

227
00:15:00,480 --> 00:15:04,320
In Amsterdam, Hitler's victory
was greeted with black humor.

228
00:15:06,200 --> 00:15:08,920
My father made himself
look like Hitler.

229
00:15:09,120 --> 00:15:11,240
It was wonderful how he did it.

230
00:15:11,440 --> 00:15:14,880
Here was the hair
and the black mustache.

231
00:15:15,080 --> 00:15:19,280
The Franks lived next door, and he
would ring at the door and come in.

232
00:15:19,480 --> 00:15:21,960
I remember them all,
you know, the first moment.

233
00:15:22,200 --> 00:15:24,440
They were very
frightened what happened.

234
00:15:24,640 --> 00:15:28,280
If you could think Hitler
didn't come to their house.

235
00:15:28,480 --> 00:15:32,040
But it was very funny how everybody
was frightened at the moment...

236
00:15:32,280 --> 00:15:33,640
...till they...

237
00:15:34,520 --> 00:15:37,320
...till they saw who it was
and what happened.

238
00:15:39,040 --> 00:15:40,800
What happened to your father?

239
00:15:41,720 --> 00:15:43,840
He died in Bergen-Belsen.

240
00:15:49,040 --> 00:15:52,240
The German vice tightened gradually.

241
00:15:52,720 --> 00:15:56,440
First they conducted a hearts-and-minds
campaign to win over the Dutch...

242
00:15:56,640 --> 00:15:58,840
...their Aryan brothers.

243
00:15:59,040 --> 00:16:00,280
THANK ADOLF HITLER

244
00:16:00,480 --> 00:16:01,600
JEWISH QUARTER

245
00:16:01,840 --> 00:16:03,680
For the Jews, it was another story...

246
00:16:03,880 --> 00:16:06,440
...as their freedom
was gradually restricted...

247
00:16:06,680 --> 00:16:09,520
...by a never-ending series
of anti-Jewish decrees...

248
00:16:09,720 --> 00:16:13,160
...already familiar in Germany
and other conquered territories.

249
00:16:13,360 --> 00:16:14,720
JEWS PROHIBlTED

250
00:16:14,920 --> 00:16:16,160
By 1942...

251
00:16:16,360 --> 00:16:19,320
...no area of Jewish life
was excluded from German control.

252
00:16:19,520 --> 00:16:21,840
Jews Prohibited
By Law

253
00:16:22,040 --> 00:16:25,480
Everything that was fun in life
was forbidden.

254
00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:30,080
We were not allowed to go anymore
to a park or to a swimming pool.

255
00:16:30,360 --> 00:16:32,360
We were not allowed to go to shops.

256
00:16:32,600 --> 00:16:36,520
Only to Jewish shops and only
between 3 and 5.

257
00:16:36,800 --> 00:16:40,080
8:00 in the evening
you had to be at home.

258
00:16:40,280 --> 00:16:42,720
You had to wear the star.

259
00:16:42,920 --> 00:16:47,160
You had to have something with you that
would look if you are Jewish or not...

260
00:16:47,360 --> 00:16:49,480
...even if you had the star.

261
00:16:49,680 --> 00:16:51,760
Then things were-
You were frightened.

262
00:16:51,960 --> 00:16:56,000
You just wouldn't go out.
To school and home, and that's it, yes.

263
00:16:56,320 --> 00:16:58,480
How one of the friends of Anne said:

264
00:16:58,680 --> 00:17:01,760
"Everything I did, I was afraid
it is forbidden. "

265
00:17:02,560 --> 00:17:06,280
Well, the effect
of these restrictions...

266
00:17:06,480 --> 00:17:09,000
...was, I think, mainly...

267
00:17:09,200 --> 00:17:12,600
...because it came inch by inch,
very slowly.

268
00:17:12,800 --> 00:17:14,880
"If that's all, we can bear it. "

269
00:17:15,080 --> 00:17:18,680
We always had a stiff upper lip,
and we tried to make the best of it.

270
00:17:18,920 --> 00:17:21,120
If you can't
go to public school anymore...

271
00:17:21,280 --> 00:17:23,200
...there are good Jewish teachers.

272
00:17:23,400 --> 00:17:26,600
If you can't go to concerts,
which was important in my family...

273
00:17:26,800 --> 00:17:29,920
...there are fine Jewish musicians,
so we make music at home.

274
00:17:30,120 --> 00:17:33,800
So we always tried to put
the best spin...

275
00:17:34,000 --> 00:17:35,600
...on whatever happened.

276
00:17:36,240 --> 00:17:41,080
And that way, I think,
we tried to ward off...

277
00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:44,360
...thinking about how we were
being more restricted...

278
00:17:44,560 --> 00:17:48,560
...and what was going to be sure
to come afterwards.

279
00:17:51,120 --> 00:17:53,520
Otto Frank,
always the perfect father...

280
00:17:53,720 --> 00:17:57,520
...rented movies to show the girls
on the living room wall.

281
00:17:57,760 --> 00:18:00,560
Rin Tin Tin was a particular
favorite with Anne.

282
00:18:01,320 --> 00:18:06,240
She and her friend Jacqueline van
Maarsen created a cinema of their own.

283
00:18:08,000 --> 00:18:12,800
Together we made little cards
to get in.

284
00:18:13,040 --> 00:18:17,320
Of course, everybody could come in,
but we wanted to make it look real...

285
00:18:17,760 --> 00:18:20,560
...by making these little tickets.

286
00:18:21,240 --> 00:18:23,400
"Jacqueline van Maarsen...

287
00:18:23,600 --> 00:18:27,600
...is invited on Sunday,
the 1st of March...

288
00:18:27,800 --> 00:18:31,920
...with Anne Frank, Merwedeplein 37...

289
00:18:32,160 --> 00:18:33,480
...11:00...

290
00:18:33,680 --> 00:18:35,080
...for...

291
00:18:36,760 --> 00:18:37,760
...a movie.

292
00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:41,000
Without this card, no entrance.

293
00:18:41,400 --> 00:18:45,200
Please inform in time. Row 2.

294
00:18:45,400 --> 00:18:48,360
Seat 2."

295
00:18:49,080 --> 00:18:51,480
THE LIGHTHOUSE BY THE SEA
WITH RIN TIN TIN

296
00:18:52,600 --> 00:18:56,480
This film supplied the entertainment
for Anne and her friends...

297
00:18:56,680 --> 00:18:58,800
...when they celebrated
her 13th birthday...

298
00:18:59,560 --> 00:19:01,600
...her last in freedom.

299
00:19:06,160 --> 00:19:08,720
Her prized gift that 13th birthday...

300
00:19:08,920 --> 00:19:11,520
...on Friday,
the 12th of June, 1942...

301
00:19:11,760 --> 00:19:12,960
...was her diary...

302
00:19:13,200 --> 00:19:16,600
...a present she had bought
with her father a few days before.

303
00:19:17,880 --> 00:19:21,360
From the beginning, Anne addressed
her diary as a special friend...

304
00:19:21,600 --> 00:19:24,960
...with whom she would conduct
a secret correspondence.

305
00:19:25,280 --> 00:19:27,000
Her first entry was this:

306
00:19:27,200 --> 00:19:30,440
"I hope I will be able to confide
everything to you...

307
00:19:30,640 --> 00:19:33,440
...as I have never been
able to confide in anyone.

308
00:19:33,640 --> 00:19:37,920
And I hope you will be a great source
of comfort and support. "

309
00:19:41,920 --> 00:19:44,920
Her early diary jottings were typical
of a 13-year-old:

310
00:19:45,120 --> 00:19:47,360
Gossip about school friends, jokes...

311
00:19:47,560 --> 00:19:50,040
...and a record of her
unextraordinary daily life...

312
00:19:50,240 --> 00:19:52,920
...together with photos
and other scraps.

313
00:19:54,840 --> 00:19:59,160
In the years that followed, she also
shared her most intimate secrets...

314
00:19:59,360 --> 00:20:04,280
...including her increasing interest in
the development of her body and in sex.

315
00:20:05,720 --> 00:20:09,400
What interested Anne very much
was sexual behavior...

316
00:20:09,600 --> 00:20:12,080
...and she wanted to know
what it was all about.

317
00:20:12,320 --> 00:20:14,280
Jacqueline "Jopie" van Maarsen

318
00:20:14,520 --> 00:20:18,720
And she asked her father about it.
I knew much more than she did...

319
00:20:18,920 --> 00:20:21,960
...because I had my sister,
who told me everything.

320
00:20:22,200 --> 00:20:26,520
So I thought, "Well, I'm not going
to enlighten you altogether.

321
00:20:26,720 --> 00:20:28,000
You just ask your father. "

322
00:20:29,040 --> 00:20:33,560
At the time, Anne's body
was not changing yet.

323
00:20:33,760 --> 00:20:37,560
And I think that she was curious...

324
00:20:37,760 --> 00:20:39,800
...because she had some little...

325
00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:44,640
She used a bra from Margot
with cotton wool in it...

326
00:20:44,840 --> 00:20:47,120
...to show a bit of breast.

327
00:20:47,320 --> 00:20:49,800
And I did not need
that kind of thing...

328
00:20:50,000 --> 00:20:53,280
...and she was interested
to see exactly...

329
00:20:55,760 --> 00:20:58,960
While Anne was innocently
absorbed with her developing body...

330
00:20:59,160 --> 00:21:02,600
...Otto Frank was mindful that
if the Nazi measures against Jews...

331
00:21:02,840 --> 00:21:05,200
...continued to their
inevitable conclusion...

332
00:21:05,400 --> 00:21:10,040
...he and his family would need to take
precautions to protect themselves.

333
00:21:12,400 --> 00:21:16,360
For a year, he had been secretly
preparing a hiding place for them all...

334
00:21:16,560 --> 00:21:19,880
...together with his German business
associate Hermann van Pels...

335
00:21:20,080 --> 00:21:23,480
...van Pels' wife, Auguste,
and son, Peter.

336
00:21:27,640 --> 00:21:31,880
It was to be in several rooms behind
the company offices on Prinsengracht...

337
00:21:32,080 --> 00:21:33,960
...in central Amsterdam.

338
00:21:35,800 --> 00:21:39,040
Laboriously, and unknown to all
but the innermost circle...

339
00:21:39,280 --> 00:21:42,080
...Otto accumulated furniture,
cooking implements...

340
00:21:42,280 --> 00:21:44,240
...bedding and clothes.

341
00:21:49,680 --> 00:21:53,040
At the Frank home, two and a half
miles away in Merwedeplein...

342
00:21:53,240 --> 00:21:58,160
...Sunday, the 5th of July, 1942, was
the day that everyone had dreaded...

343
00:21:58,560 --> 00:22:01,480
...had hoped against hope
would never come.

344
00:22:01,800 --> 00:22:03,760
That Sunday, the Germans delivered...

345
00:22:03,880 --> 00:22:06,320
...this innocuous document
by registered mail...

346
00:22:06,440 --> 00:22:10,120
...to several thousand Jews, the
majority of them of German extraction...

347
00:22:10,320 --> 00:22:12,960
...aged between 15 and 40.

348
00:22:13,280 --> 00:22:17,240
They were to report within 9 days
to be transported to a labor camp...

349
00:22:17,440 --> 00:22:18,720
...in Germany.

350
00:22:18,920 --> 00:22:20,520
Margot Frank was one of them...

351
00:22:20,720 --> 00:22:24,480
...throwing her family,
like so many, into crisis.

352
00:22:24,800 --> 00:22:29,240
The agonies at that moment were
when you had some youngsters saying:

353
00:22:29,440 --> 00:22:34,360
"Labor won't floor me. I'm strong.
I can do whatever's asked of me.

354
00:22:34,560 --> 00:22:35,840
I'm going and that's it. "

355
00:22:36,040 --> 00:22:40,560
And the parents would say, "No, stay.
It's going to be the end of your life. "

356
00:22:40,760 --> 00:22:42,640
So you saw the family in tension.

357
00:22:42,840 --> 00:22:45,640
Then you had other families
where a youngster would say:

358
00:22:45,840 --> 00:22:49,840
"I don't want to go. I'm scared. What
will happen?" The parents would say:

359
00:22:50,080 --> 00:22:53,520
"You must go. Remember, grandmother
lives with us and the baby.

360
00:22:53,720 --> 00:22:57,520
If you don't go, we'll be punished. "
And you saw the families really...

361
00:22:57,960 --> 00:23:00,480
...torn asunder by these events.

362
00:23:00,680 --> 00:23:02,960
And that was terrible.

363
00:23:09,280 --> 00:23:13,840
Nine years after fleeing Germany,
the Franks were on the run again.

364
00:23:14,280 --> 00:23:17,680
By 7:30 on Monday,
the 6th of July, 1942...

365
00:23:17,880 --> 00:23:19,840
...the whole family had disappeared...

366
00:23:20,120 --> 00:23:22,280
...leaving behind
an elaborate false trail...

367
00:23:22,480 --> 00:23:25,200
...indicating they
had fled to Switzerland.

368
00:23:26,640 --> 00:23:28,440
We came here...

369
00:23:28,640 --> 00:23:30,800
...and the kitchen was not...

370
00:23:31,000 --> 00:23:34,160
The kitchen was just left
like it was...

371
00:23:34,360 --> 00:23:37,600
...with everything dirty in the sink.

372
00:23:38,160 --> 00:23:41,560
I went into her room,
and I saw her bed not made.

373
00:23:41,760 --> 00:23:46,480
And the shoes that she loved, she'd
just received them for the summer...

374
00:23:46,680 --> 00:23:49,240
...were near the bed.

375
00:23:50,480 --> 00:23:53,320
I came here, you see.

376
00:23:53,800 --> 00:23:57,240
I went up, and I am ringing
and ringing and ringing...

377
00:23:57,480 --> 00:23:59,280
...and nobody opens.

378
00:23:59,480 --> 00:24:03,480
And at the end somebody opened.
It was a tenant. Mr. Goudschmidt.

379
00:24:03,680 --> 00:24:07,920
He had the room at the roof
in the Frank apartment.

380
00:24:08,120 --> 00:24:10,560
He looked at me as if
he'd never seen me before.

381
00:24:10,800 --> 00:24:13,360
And I didn't know what happened.

382
00:24:13,600 --> 00:24:15,160
He said, "What do you want?"

383
00:24:15,360 --> 00:24:17,280
"I come to play as usual. " And he said:

384
00:24:17,480 --> 00:24:22,000
"Yes, but don't you know? The Frank
family left for Switzerland. "

385
00:24:24,480 --> 00:24:27,880
Miep Gies had been given the
responsibility of getting Margot...

386
00:24:28,080 --> 00:24:31,880
...who was now in flight from
the Germans, to the hiding place.

387
00:24:32,920 --> 00:24:37,000
I took Margot by bicycle.

388
00:24:39,280 --> 00:24:41,320
Monday morning, very raining.

389
00:24:41,560 --> 00:24:44,840
And that was good for us
because the German...

390
00:24:45,040 --> 00:24:47,120
...came not on street.

391
00:24:47,480 --> 00:24:52,440
And I came with her
to the Prinsengracht 263...

392
00:24:52,640 --> 00:24:54,440
...go up with her.

393
00:24:54,640 --> 00:24:56,440
She was very...

394
00:25:00,240 --> 00:25:02,360
-Upset?
-Yes. She was very upset.

395
00:25:02,560 --> 00:25:03,880
I saw it.

396
00:25:04,120 --> 00:25:09,000
And when I was standing with her
in front of the hiding place...

397
00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:11,880
...I was afraid that she would...

398
00:25:12,160 --> 00:25:13,560
...fall down.

399
00:25:13,960 --> 00:25:16,400
And what could I do with her?

400
00:25:16,600 --> 00:25:19,000
I opened the door and put her in.

401
00:25:21,800 --> 00:25:24,200
Despite Otto's carefully laid plans...

402
00:25:24,400 --> 00:25:29,000
...on their first day there,
the family was surrounded by chaos.

403
00:25:30,360 --> 00:25:33,800
When I come there, it was terrible.

404
00:25:34,720 --> 00:25:37,040
Nothing was okay.

405
00:25:37,520 --> 00:25:42,080
And Mrs. Frank and Margot were
sitting down on the bed.

406
00:25:42,320 --> 00:25:44,680
They could not do anything.

407
00:25:44,880 --> 00:25:46,200
There was...

408
00:25:47,560 --> 00:25:51,680
They couldn't accept this situation.

409
00:25:51,880 --> 00:25:56,800
But Anne and Mr. Frank were busy,
very busy.

410
00:25:57,440 --> 00:26:00,200
I ask Mrs. Frank,
"Can I do something for you?"

411
00:26:00,440 --> 00:26:02,560
"No," said Mrs. Frank.

412
00:26:02,760 --> 00:26:05,720
"For today, I have all the things. "

413
00:26:05,920 --> 00:26:07,680
And then I went down.

414
00:26:07,880 --> 00:26:11,200
But the next day, when I came,
all was okay.

415
00:26:11,400 --> 00:26:15,600
-So Anne and Mr. Frank-?
-Were busy the whole day.

416
00:26:16,720 --> 00:26:19,120
Was this typical of the family?

417
00:26:19,320 --> 00:26:22,080
Yes. That was typical for the family.

418
00:26:25,200 --> 00:26:29,280
Now the family was dependent
on Otto Frank's four employees...

419
00:26:29,480 --> 00:26:31,880
...who had volunteered
to help them survive.

420
00:26:32,080 --> 00:26:35,320
Johannes Kleiman and Viktor Kugler
supplied Anne and Margot...

421
00:26:35,520 --> 00:26:37,480
...with school books
and other reading matter...

422
00:26:37,680 --> 00:26:41,520
...at the same time, ensuring the Opekta
Company continued to function...

423
00:26:41,720 --> 00:26:46,040
...even producing record profits that
could be used to keep everyone alive.

424
00:26:49,760 --> 00:26:53,880
Miep Gies and her assistant,
the 23-year-old typist, Bep Voskuijl...

425
00:26:54,080 --> 00:26:58,960
...had the dangerous task of supplying
the residents of the annex with food...

426
00:26:59,200 --> 00:27:04,000
...purchased on the black market
or with forged or stolen ration books.

427
00:27:09,640 --> 00:27:12,000
In one of her first diary entries
in hiding...

428
00:27:12,200 --> 00:27:15,920
...Anne described her new home
to her imaginary friend:

429
00:27:17,480 --> 00:27:20,400
"Thursday, July 9, 1942.

430
00:27:20,600 --> 00:27:21,760
Dear Kitty:

431
00:27:21,960 --> 00:27:24,600
Our secret annex is
at the back of the building.

432
00:27:24,800 --> 00:27:28,600
There's just one small step in front
of the door, and then you're inside.

433
00:27:28,800 --> 00:27:31,920
Straight ahead of you
is a steep flight of stairs.

434
00:27:32,120 --> 00:27:35,560
To the left is a narrow hallway
opening onto a room...

435
00:27:35,760 --> 00:27:39,400
...that serves as the Frank
family's living room and bedroom.

436
00:27:41,040 --> 00:27:42,600
Next door is a smaller room:

437
00:27:42,840 --> 00:27:46,480
The bedroom and study of the two
young ladies of the family.

438
00:27:46,760 --> 00:27:50,520
To the right of the stairs is
a windowless washroom with a sink.

439
00:27:50,720 --> 00:27:52,720
The door in the corner
leads to the toilet...

440
00:27:52,920 --> 00:27:55,720
...and another one
to Margot's and my room.

441
00:27:57,040 --> 00:27:59,680
If you go up the stairs
and open the door at the top...

442
00:27:59,880 --> 00:28:03,040
...you're surprised to see such
a light and spacious room...

443
00:28:03,240 --> 00:28:05,760
...in an old canal house
like this.

444
00:28:06,000 --> 00:28:08,200
It contains a stove and a sink.

445
00:28:08,400 --> 00:28:11,960
This will be the kitchen and bedroom
for Mr. and Mrs. van Pels...

446
00:28:12,160 --> 00:28:16,560
...as well as the general living room,
dining room and study for us all.

447
00:28:18,800 --> 00:28:22,360
A tiny side room is to be
Peter van Pels' bedroom.

448
00:28:22,560 --> 00:28:25,280
Then just as in the front part
of the building...

449
00:28:25,480 --> 00:28:28,160
...there's an attic and a loft. "

450
00:28:36,160 --> 00:28:40,720
As they settled into their confinement,
the chimes of the Westerkerk clock...

451
00:28:40,920 --> 00:28:45,360
...seemed to act as a constant reminder
of the world they had left behind them.

452
00:28:49,960 --> 00:28:53,480
Before long, the entrance
to the hiding place was disguised...

453
00:28:53,680 --> 00:28:54,960
...as a bookcase.

454
00:28:55,160 --> 00:28:58,400
But in every respect, what lay
behind those innocuous files...

455
00:28:58,600 --> 00:29:01,920
...was untypical of the shelter
provided to other Jews.

456
00:29:02,120 --> 00:29:04,840
It was relatively spacious,
within a city.

457
00:29:05,040 --> 00:29:09,120
There were people outside dedicated
to helping and protecting them.

458
00:29:09,360 --> 00:29:11,080
Most families were torn apart...

459
00:29:11,280 --> 00:29:14,560
...but here, all four of the Franks
could stay together.

460
00:29:15,400 --> 00:29:19,040
A week later, they were joined
by their friends the van Pelses.

461
00:29:21,200 --> 00:29:23,720
Miep Gies visited each day.

462
00:29:25,480 --> 00:29:28,280
When I came here from this door...

463
00:29:31,480 --> 00:29:36,080
...in the middle was standing
the table with the chairs.

464
00:29:36,360 --> 00:29:39,000
All the people, seven people...

465
00:29:39,200 --> 00:29:42,160
...were standing in the line here.

466
00:29:43,920 --> 00:29:47,000
Did not say any word.

467
00:29:47,560 --> 00:29:51,680
Did not say any word...

468
00:29:51,880 --> 00:29:54,840
...but waited for me to begin.

469
00:29:55,040 --> 00:29:57,960
It was always an awful moment
for me...

470
00:29:58,160 --> 00:30:02,920
...because I felt the dependence...

471
00:30:03,120 --> 00:30:07,880
...from these people
of us, the helpers.

472
00:30:08,280 --> 00:30:11,280
Except Anne. Anne was in the front.

473
00:30:12,640 --> 00:30:16,880
She asked, "Hello, Miep,
what is the news?"

474
00:30:18,840 --> 00:30:22,080
In those early months,
Anne was desperately lonely...

475
00:30:22,280 --> 00:30:25,240
...and always hoping
for news of her friends.

476
00:30:25,880 --> 00:30:28,760
She even invented a correspondence
with one of them.

477
00:30:28,960 --> 00:30:32,000
"September 25, 1942.

478
00:30:32,200 --> 00:30:33,800
Dear Jacqueline:

479
00:30:34,000 --> 00:30:37,160
I'm writing this letter
in order to bid you goodbye.

480
00:30:37,360 --> 00:30:41,520
I can't write to everyone, and
that's why I'm just writing to you.

481
00:30:41,760 --> 00:30:43,880
I'd be grateful if you'd
be really nice...

482
00:30:44,080 --> 00:30:46,720
...and keep up a secret
correspondence with me.

483
00:30:46,960 --> 00:30:49,680
All inquiries to Mrs. Gies.

484
00:30:50,000 --> 00:30:51,680
I hope we'll meet again soon...

485
00:30:51,880 --> 00:30:54,920
...but it probably won't be
before the end of the war.

486
00:30:55,120 --> 00:30:58,080
Well, then, Jackie,
I hope things go well with you...

487
00:30:58,280 --> 00:31:00,200
...and that I hear from you soon.

488
00:31:00,400 --> 00:31:03,280
Your best friend, Anne.

489
00:31:03,760 --> 00:31:05,000
P. S.:

490
00:31:05,200 --> 00:31:08,880
I hope that we'll always stay
best friends until we meet again.

491
00:31:09,080 --> 00:31:10,240
Bye. "

492
00:31:11,280 --> 00:31:13,360
I think that she
wrote it immediately...

493
00:31:13,560 --> 00:31:16,160
...after she went into hiding.

494
00:31:16,360 --> 00:31:19,760
And afterwards, at that moment
in September, she wrote it down.

495
00:31:19,960 --> 00:31:23,360
She invented in that
my answer to her.

496
00:31:23,560 --> 00:31:25,440
And then she wrote a second letter...

497
00:31:25,640 --> 00:31:29,160
...in answer to this invented letter.

498
00:31:29,400 --> 00:31:33,320
And she must have been very lonely
that she invented these letters.

499
00:31:36,240 --> 00:31:41,000
Anne also wrote a long fantasy in which
she imagined living with her cousin...

500
00:31:41,200 --> 00:31:43,480
...in the safety of Switzerland.

501
00:31:44,000 --> 00:31:48,480
When I think that when Anne wrote
about Switzerland and about me...

502
00:31:48,720 --> 00:31:49,680
Bernd Elias

503
00:31:49,920 --> 00:31:53,880
...it must have been a painful
thought to her...

504
00:31:54,080 --> 00:31:57,760
...to realize that she was
like a bird in a cage...

505
00:31:58,000 --> 00:32:00,120
...and we, over here in Switzerland...

506
00:32:00,320 --> 00:32:03,480
...were free to do
anything we wanted to do.

507
00:32:04,200 --> 00:32:06,520
And all her dreams...

508
00:32:07,360 --> 00:32:09,240
...were caged in.

509
00:32:09,720 --> 00:32:12,440
And we, the boys, her cousins...

510
00:32:12,640 --> 00:32:15,320
...could fulfill everything
she was dreaming of.

511
00:32:15,520 --> 00:32:19,840
It must have been a very,
very hard thing for her.

512
00:32:20,680 --> 00:32:23,600
In the diary, she even designs
a skating dress...

513
00:32:23,800 --> 00:32:26,920
-... so she can be your skating partner.
-Yes.

514
00:32:27,160 --> 00:32:29,720
Yes, when I saw that the first time...

515
00:32:29,920 --> 00:32:32,760
...it really overwhelmed me.

516
00:32:32,960 --> 00:32:35,640
It made me cry, to be very honest.

517
00:32:37,120 --> 00:32:41,480
Especially then that I knew she
was not alive anymore when I saw it.

518
00:32:41,880 --> 00:32:44,360
I would have loved to go
skating with her.

519
00:32:47,280 --> 00:32:52,080
Anne also addressed her diary entries
to a circle of imaginary friends...

520
00:32:52,320 --> 00:32:56,440
...all characters from a well-known
series of books for adolescent girls.

521
00:32:57,080 --> 00:32:59,920
Eventually, she settled
on one friend, Kitty...

522
00:33:00,160 --> 00:33:02,480
...as her diary correspondent.

523
00:33:04,600 --> 00:33:09,280
Anne was always a very curious child.

524
00:33:11,040 --> 00:33:15,240
When I was upstairs and went away...

525
00:33:15,440 --> 00:33:19,760
...she'd always wait till the last
to speak with me.

526
00:33:19,960 --> 00:33:21,480
And then she had me.

527
00:33:21,880 --> 00:33:26,240
And she asked everything
what happened outside.

528
00:33:26,520 --> 00:33:30,160
And I told her the truth.

529
00:33:30,800 --> 00:33:32,440
The terrible truth.

530
00:33:34,680 --> 00:33:37,520
"November 19, 1942.

531
00:33:37,720 --> 00:33:39,200
Dearest Kitty:

532
00:33:39,400 --> 00:33:43,840
Countless friends and acquaintances
have been taken off to a dreadful fate.

533
00:33:44,040 --> 00:33:47,320
Night after night, green
and gray military vehicles...

534
00:33:47,520 --> 00:33:49,440
...cruise the streets.

535
00:33:49,640 --> 00:33:51,400
In the evenings, when it's dark...

536
00:33:51,600 --> 00:33:54,840
...I often see long lines
of good, innocent people...

537
00:33:55,040 --> 00:33:59,280
...accompanied by crying children,
walking on and on.

538
00:33:59,480 --> 00:34:01,040
No one is spared.

539
00:34:01,240 --> 00:34:04,000
The sick, the elderly, children...

540
00:34:04,200 --> 00:34:08,560
...babies and pregnant women
all are marched to their death.

541
00:34:12,000 --> 00:34:16,600
I get frightened when I think of close
friends who are now at the mercy...

542
00:34:16,840 --> 00:34:19,520
...of the cruelest monsters
to stalk the earth.

543
00:34:21,040 --> 00:34:23,240
And all because they're Jews. "

544
00:34:25,600 --> 00:34:28,200
Bloeme Evers-Emden
Margot's classmate

545
00:34:28,400 --> 00:34:32,440
At the beginning of the class of '41,
we had about 50 children.

546
00:34:32,680 --> 00:34:37,120
The deportations began in July '42.

547
00:34:37,840 --> 00:34:41,320
And then from 50 children...

548
00:34:41,560 --> 00:34:44,160
...all the time, children disappeared.

549
00:34:44,360 --> 00:34:46,520
When you came in your class,
you said:

550
00:34:46,720 --> 00:34:49,600
"That child's missing
and that one and that one. "

551
00:34:49,800 --> 00:34:52,080
You did hope they were ill.

552
00:34:52,280 --> 00:34:54,480
But you knew that they were round up...

553
00:34:54,680 --> 00:34:56,640
...or maybe they were hidden.

554
00:34:56,840 --> 00:35:00,000
At the end of the school year...

555
00:35:00,200 --> 00:35:03,240
...in April '43...

556
00:35:03,800 --> 00:35:06,080
...there were three children left...

557
00:35:06,360 --> 00:35:07,880
...two boys and I.

558
00:35:08,120 --> 00:35:10,960
And we did our final examination...

559
00:35:12,720 --> 00:35:13,960
...together.

560
00:35:14,680 --> 00:35:18,200
The second part of the final
examination, I was alone.

561
00:35:18,600 --> 00:35:20,360
It was very sad.

562
00:35:20,560 --> 00:35:21,960
Very difficult.

563
00:35:22,160 --> 00:35:26,600
From 50 children, one remained
at the end of the year?

564
00:35:31,440 --> 00:35:34,880
While the roundups of their friends
continued outside...

565
00:35:35,080 --> 00:35:37,480
...in their hiding place,
Anne and the others...

566
00:35:37,680 --> 00:35:40,760
...tried to establish
a kind of normality.

567
00:35:41,000 --> 00:35:42,240
"Dear Kitty:

568
00:35:42,440 --> 00:35:46,320
Up to now, our bedroom with
its blank walls was very bare.

569
00:35:46,560 --> 00:35:48,960
Thanks to Father,
who brought my entire...

570
00:35:49,160 --> 00:35:51,880
...post card and movie star
collection here beforehand...

571
00:35:52,080 --> 00:35:54,160
...and to a brush and a pot of glue...

572
00:35:54,400 --> 00:35:57,720
...I was able to plaster
the walls with pictures. "

573
00:35:58,480 --> 00:36:02,160
We were both collecting pictures...

574
00:36:02,360 --> 00:36:06,760
...from the children of the queen.

575
00:36:08,440 --> 00:36:11,600
Here you see Elizabeth,
today Queen Elizabeth...

576
00:36:11,800 --> 00:36:13,680
...and her sister Margaret.

577
00:36:13,880 --> 00:36:17,600
And I also was collecting,
and we would change together.

578
00:36:17,800 --> 00:36:19,680
We had from Belgium...

579
00:36:19,880 --> 00:36:24,680
From all the queens in the world,
we would change pictures.

580
00:36:24,880 --> 00:36:29,280
I liked it very much. Anne was
also collecting from film stars.

581
00:36:29,480 --> 00:36:32,120
This I wasn't interested in at all.

582
00:36:32,320 --> 00:36:37,160
I only remember she had
Deanna Durbin. This one.

583
00:36:37,360 --> 00:36:40,640
This is the only one I remember
from then. I never saw a film.

584
00:36:40,840 --> 00:36:43,520
I don't remember if Anne saw films.

585
00:36:43,720 --> 00:36:46,440
We went to see Shirley Temple films.

586
00:36:46,640 --> 00:36:51,040
And here in Amsterdam,
we had a cinema, Cineac.

587
00:36:51,240 --> 00:36:54,920
There you could see one hour
a little film and news.

588
00:36:55,160 --> 00:36:58,640
And then it started.
Over there, we would go very often.

589
00:37:00,680 --> 00:37:04,880
Four months after going into hiding,
an 8th person joined the annex...

590
00:37:05,080 --> 00:37:08,600
...a 54-year-old German dentist,
Fritz Pfeffer.

591
00:37:09,360 --> 00:37:12,000
Margot slept on a folding bed
with her parents.

592
00:37:12,200 --> 00:37:15,520
And Anne had to share her room
with the newcomer.

593
00:37:17,120 --> 00:37:20,160
Look, Mr. Pfeffer was my dentist.

594
00:37:20,880 --> 00:37:25,000
And Mr. Pfeffer asked me always:

595
00:37:25,200 --> 00:37:28,560
"Miep, do you have a place for me?"

596
00:37:29,920 --> 00:37:31,760
Then I went next day...

597
00:37:31,960 --> 00:37:36,600
...in the hiding place and tell it
to Mr. Frank and the other peoples.

598
00:37:36,800 --> 00:37:38,120
They listened to me.

599
00:37:38,320 --> 00:37:40,200
Next day, Mr. Frank said:

600
00:37:40,400 --> 00:37:43,760
"Miep, where seven people can eat...

601
00:37:43,960 --> 00:37:46,640
...can eight also eat. "

602
00:37:49,160 --> 00:37:51,320
Pfeffer moved
into Anne's bedroom...

603
00:37:51,520 --> 00:37:54,320
...complete with his drill
and dental implements.

604
00:37:54,520 --> 00:37:57,720
While no one would now
lack treatment of their cavities...

605
00:37:57,920 --> 00:38:00,720
...relations between
the 54-year-old disciplinarian...

606
00:38:00,960 --> 00:38:03,080
...and the free spirit
in her early teens...

607
00:38:03,280 --> 00:38:05,440
...were inevitably stormy.

608
00:38:07,040 --> 00:38:09,000
On this corner...

609
00:38:10,400 --> 00:38:12,560
...it was the desk...

610
00:38:13,200 --> 00:38:15,840
...for Anne...

611
00:38:16,800 --> 00:38:18,120
...and Pfeffer.

612
00:38:20,080 --> 00:38:21,840
There this...

613
00:38:22,040 --> 00:38:25,560
This gave sometimes
troubles with Anne.

614
00:38:27,720 --> 00:38:30,240
Anne was standing on her rights.

615
00:38:30,440 --> 00:38:34,760
From so till so is her time.

616
00:38:34,960 --> 00:38:38,560
But I believe Mr. Pfeffer...

617
00:38:39,440 --> 00:38:42,560
...did not see the importance
of a diary...

618
00:38:42,760 --> 00:38:45,320
...for a little child.

619
00:38:46,440 --> 00:38:47,960
"Him and his lies.

620
00:38:48,160 --> 00:38:51,920
I'll smack his ugly mug so hard,
he'll go bouncing off the wall.

621
00:38:52,120 --> 00:38:56,840
Anyone who is so petty and pedantic
at the age of 54 was born that way...

622
00:38:57,040 --> 00:38:59,320
...and is never going to change. "

623
00:39:03,120 --> 00:39:06,480
What Anne never knew was
that Fritz Pfeffer had a son...

624
00:39:06,680 --> 00:39:09,520
...whom he had raised
as a single parent in Germany...

625
00:39:09,720 --> 00:39:14,000
...until sending him to England
after Kristallnacht in 1938.

626
00:39:14,400 --> 00:39:17,200
A few weeks later, Pfeffer himself
fled to Amsterdam...

627
00:39:17,400 --> 00:39:19,720
...with his fiancee, Charlotte.

628
00:39:20,080 --> 00:39:24,080
But his 11-year-old son
never saw his father again.

629
00:39:24,280 --> 00:39:26,320
Peter Pepper
Fritz Pfeffer's son

630
00:39:26,520 --> 00:39:31,000
We're talking about a girl
under very difficult circumstances...

631
00:39:31,200 --> 00:39:36,080
...who first of all decided that
my father was not a nice man.

632
00:39:36,360 --> 00:39:40,160
Therefore, she called him Dr. Dussel,
which in English is "idiot. "

633
00:39:41,040 --> 00:39:44,040
As far as my point of view...

634
00:39:45,200 --> 00:39:48,840
...retrospectively to the age
of 11 and below...

635
00:39:50,760 --> 00:39:54,720
...there's a very large inaccuracy.

636
00:39:55,320 --> 00:39:58,200
First of all, my father,
although being a very strict man...

637
00:39:58,400 --> 00:40:00,000
...was a very kind man.

638
00:40:00,200 --> 00:40:03,160
What other people don't recognize...

639
00:40:03,360 --> 00:40:06,080
...is his love of life,
his love of freedom.

640
00:40:06,280 --> 00:40:08,720
My father was a sportsman.

641
00:40:08,960 --> 00:40:11,720
He loved to row.
He loved to ride horses.

642
00:40:11,920 --> 00:40:14,960
He liked to climb mountains.

643
00:40:15,160 --> 00:40:18,800
So if you take a man who's always
been active all his life...

644
00:40:19,000 --> 00:40:22,160
...and then in flight
he ends up here...

645
00:40:22,400 --> 00:40:25,720
...it's like caging a bird.

646
00:40:27,440 --> 00:40:32,080
Weekly, Mrs. Miep Gies would bring
a package containing letters...

647
00:40:32,280 --> 00:40:36,400
...and other personal messages
from Charlotte Karletta.

648
00:40:36,600 --> 00:40:41,280
And weekly, she would take
a letter from him to her.

649
00:40:41,480 --> 00:40:45,920
What do you feel now about what
that may have meant for your father?

650
00:40:46,160 --> 00:40:48,280
What it meant for my father...

651
00:40:48,840 --> 00:40:52,000
...is that it is a thin lifeline.

652
00:40:53,400 --> 00:40:57,280
A thin lifeline that was
the only hope of expression...

653
00:40:57,480 --> 00:41:00,240
...and relationship.

654
00:41:00,440 --> 00:41:02,640
Because with Charlotte's
letters to him...

655
00:41:02,840 --> 00:41:05,400
...expressing her love,
her feelings...

656
00:41:05,960 --> 00:41:09,600
...her news, whatever it was
in those letters...

657
00:41:09,880 --> 00:41:13,280
...is the only thing where
my father would have...

658
00:41:13,480 --> 00:41:15,800
...the semblance of mental health.

659
00:41:16,720 --> 00:41:19,000
Because you're a prisoner
of your own mind.

660
00:41:20,040 --> 00:41:24,840
For the first time, Fritz Pfeffer's
son meets his father's protector.

661
00:41:25,840 --> 00:41:27,520
Mr. Pfeffer.

662
00:41:28,640 --> 00:41:30,120
How do you do?

663
00:41:31,480 --> 00:41:32,680
Fine.

664
00:41:34,720 --> 00:41:38,680
I was a very good friend
of your father.

665
00:41:39,560 --> 00:41:41,840
Do you understand German?

666
00:41:42,040 --> 00:41:46,960
I came into contact
with him every day.

667
00:41:47,480 --> 00:41:51,960
He was my dentist,
exceptionally good.

668
00:41:52,160 --> 00:41:54,600
He asked me if I could help him...

669
00:41:54,800 --> 00:41:59,200
...find a place, and so I helped him.

670
00:41:59,400 --> 00:42:01,040
Unbelievable.

671
00:42:03,160 --> 00:42:04,760
Nice to meet you.

672
00:42:10,360 --> 00:42:15,000
He was a lovely, lovely man.

673
00:42:17,800 --> 00:42:19,320
Do you speak English?

674
00:42:19,880 --> 00:42:20,880
Very bad.

675
00:42:21,120 --> 00:42:23,040
Shall we try German?

676
00:42:23,240 --> 00:42:28,160
Yes, if that's okay,
it would be better.

677
00:42:30,960 --> 00:42:33,800
What would you like to know?

678
00:42:34,000 --> 00:42:37,160
I just want to say...

679
00:42:37,400 --> 00:42:38,960
...two words.

680
00:42:39,200 --> 00:42:42,640
Many thanks.

681
00:42:43,440 --> 00:42:47,240
Two months after this meeting,
Peter Pepper died of cancer.

682
00:42:56,520 --> 00:42:59,920
If Anne reserved her special venom
for Fritz Pfeffer...

683
00:43:00,120 --> 00:43:04,080
...with the claustrophobia of the months
in hiding that turned into years...

684
00:43:04,280 --> 00:43:09,200
...all the adults at one time or another
were subjected to the fury of her pen.

685
00:43:10,800 --> 00:43:13,680
"September 27, 1942.

686
00:43:14,040 --> 00:43:17,040
Some people, like the van Pelses,
take delight not only...

687
00:43:17,240 --> 00:43:19,240
...in raising their own children...

688
00:43:19,440 --> 00:43:21,600
...but in helping others raise theirs.

689
00:43:21,800 --> 00:43:24,560
Margot doesn't need it
since she is naturally good...

690
00:43:24,760 --> 00:43:27,880
...kind and clever, perfection itself.

691
00:43:28,080 --> 00:43:30,920
But I seem to have enough mischief
for the two of us.

692
00:43:31,120 --> 00:43:34,600
More than once, the air's been filled
with the van Pels' admonitions...

693
00:43:34,800 --> 00:43:36,520
...and my saucy replies.

694
00:43:36,760 --> 00:43:41,360
They tell me I should talk less, mind
my own business and be more modest.

695
00:43:41,600 --> 00:43:43,960
But I seem doomed to failure. "

696
00:43:49,120 --> 00:43:53,160
Otto, the ever-indulgent father,
was frequently called in...

697
00:43:53,280 --> 00:43:56,480
...to act as a peacemaker
between Anne and the others.

698
00:43:57,120 --> 00:44:00,920
Her adoration of him was matched
only by her increasing problems...

699
00:44:01,120 --> 00:44:02,560
...with her mother.

700
00:44:03,120 --> 00:44:07,560
"I cling to Father because my contempt
of Mother is growing daily.

701
00:44:07,760 --> 00:44:10,120
And it is only through him
that I'm able to retain...

702
00:44:10,320 --> 00:44:13,480
...the last ounce of family
feeling I have left.

703
00:44:13,680 --> 00:44:15,600
I don't know how I should act.

704
00:44:15,800 --> 00:44:19,640
I can't very well confront her
with her carelessness, her sarcasm...

705
00:44:19,840 --> 00:44:21,480
...and her hard-heartedness.

706
00:44:21,680 --> 00:44:24,840
Yet I can't continue to take the blame
for everything.

707
00:44:25,040 --> 00:44:28,240
I'm the opposite of Mother,
so of course we clash.

708
00:44:28,440 --> 00:44:31,960
She's not a mother to me.
I have to mother myself.

709
00:44:32,160 --> 00:44:36,040
I'm charting my own course
and will see where it leads me. "

710
00:44:37,320 --> 00:44:40,840
Mrs. Frank was the most depressed
of all the people.

711
00:44:42,840 --> 00:44:46,040
Sometimes when I go out
of the hiding place...

712
00:44:46,240 --> 00:44:48,440
...the staircase downstairs...

713
00:44:48,640 --> 00:44:51,880
...she went with me till the door.

714
00:44:52,080 --> 00:44:54,240
I did not understand that.

715
00:44:54,560 --> 00:44:58,600
What did she want of me?

716
00:44:59,160 --> 00:45:03,840
And once again, I go with her
in her sleeping room...

717
00:45:04,040 --> 00:45:08,040
...and she closed the door,
and then she said to me:

718
00:45:08,240 --> 00:45:09,560
"Miep...

719
00:45:10,760 --> 00:45:12,880
...I am so afraid. "

720
00:45:19,560 --> 00:45:22,520
She told me all her troubles.

721
00:45:24,760 --> 00:45:27,120
But what could I do?

722
00:45:27,800 --> 00:45:29,400
I didn't say anything...

723
00:45:29,640 --> 00:45:33,200
...because I was
in the same position as she.

724
00:45:38,120 --> 00:45:40,000
While Anne and her mother feuded...

725
00:45:40,200 --> 00:45:45,120
...in the second year, she developed
a strong passion for Peter van Pels...

726
00:45:45,320 --> 00:45:49,680
...the 17-year-old boy with whom
she shared her caged existence.

727
00:45:49,880 --> 00:45:52,360
They spent hours together
in the loft chatting...

728
00:45:52,600 --> 00:45:56,160
...or simply staring out
the window at the chestnut tree.

729
00:45:56,480 --> 00:45:59,920
"Sunday, March 19, 1944.

730
00:46:00,200 --> 00:46:03,600
I have the feeling that Peter and I
share a secret.

731
00:46:03,800 --> 00:46:08,320
When he looks at me with those eyes,
with that smile and with that wink...

732
00:46:08,520 --> 00:46:11,240
...it's as if a light
goes on inside me.

733
00:46:11,440 --> 00:46:13,080
I hope things stay like this...

734
00:46:13,320 --> 00:46:16,880
...and we'll have many,
many more happy hours together.

735
00:46:17,120 --> 00:46:19,840
Your grateful and happy Anne. "

736
00:46:20,760 --> 00:46:24,680
Peter van Pels was a blue-eyed boy...

737
00:46:24,960 --> 00:46:27,960
...with very little
intellectual capacity.

738
00:46:28,200 --> 00:46:31,160
I didn't know him nearly as well
as I knew Anne.

739
00:46:31,360 --> 00:46:36,280
But he once came to our house
when we were reading the classics...

740
00:46:36,480 --> 00:46:40,680
...and he was so singularly
bewildered by it...

741
00:46:40,880 --> 00:46:42,920
...that I remember thinking:

742
00:46:43,120 --> 00:46:45,840
"My goodness, he doesn't know a thing!"

743
00:46:48,320 --> 00:46:51,880
The relationship with Peter
waxed and then waned.

744
00:46:52,080 --> 00:46:55,040
They cuddled and kissed,
but as she noted in her diary...

745
00:46:55,240 --> 00:46:57,200
...Anne gradually
became dissatisfied...

746
00:46:57,400 --> 00:47:00,240
...with his inability
to express his feelings.

747
00:47:00,440 --> 00:47:03,400
The pressures of confinement
created and then crushed...

748
00:47:03,600 --> 00:47:05,760
...their adolescent love affair.

749
00:47:08,440 --> 00:47:11,800
In the secret annex,
the claustrophobia was stifling.

750
00:47:12,000 --> 00:47:14,160
The radio, broadcasting
from England...

751
00:47:14,360 --> 00:47:18,000
...was an essential lifeline
to news from the outside world.

752
00:47:18,200 --> 00:47:22,480
Every Allied victory brought hope,
every defeat, gloom.

753
00:47:22,680 --> 00:47:26,520
Arguments over food blew up
into major rows.

754
00:47:28,160 --> 00:47:32,080
And then always the ever-present
threat of discovery.

755
00:47:32,400 --> 00:47:35,720
The windows had to be covered
by blinds, even in the heat of summer.

756
00:47:35,920 --> 00:47:38,600
The toilet could only be used
outside office hours.

757
00:47:38,840 --> 00:47:41,400
No one could walk in shoes
on the lower floor...

758
00:47:41,600 --> 00:47:44,920
...for fear that the workers in
the warehouse below would hear.

759
00:47:45,120 --> 00:47:47,920
And always the question,
"Would they be betrayed...

760
00:47:48,120 --> 00:47:52,080
...or would they betray themselves
by some inadvertent error?"

761
00:47:53,920 --> 00:47:55,320
To add to everyone's fears...

762
00:47:55,520 --> 00:48:00,080
...the warehouse and offices under their
hiding place were burgled a few times.

763
00:48:00,320 --> 00:48:05,160
My father had the maintenance of
the building, the daily maintenance.

764
00:48:05,360 --> 00:48:06,920
Hans Wijnberg

765
00:48:07,640 --> 00:48:11,120
Later I recognized that he
must have been the carpenter...

766
00:48:11,320 --> 00:48:14,320
...that's repairing the door...

767
00:48:14,680 --> 00:48:19,360
...which is opened by the burglary
in the book, in Anne Frank's diary.

768
00:48:19,680 --> 00:48:22,080
I think there were two burglaries,
weren't there?

769
00:48:22,280 --> 00:48:24,120
Yeah. The other one was me.

770
00:48:24,320 --> 00:48:25,360
What were you after?

771
00:48:25,560 --> 00:48:28,960
I think it's a mixture
of adventure and spices.

772
00:48:29,160 --> 00:48:32,160
We found some spices.
But we had to move out...

773
00:48:32,480 --> 00:48:35,320
...because we recognized people
living in the house...

774
00:48:35,520 --> 00:48:38,160
...because they made
a mistake upstairs.

775
00:48:40,600 --> 00:48:42,680
That's what I later realized.

776
00:48:42,880 --> 00:48:45,520
I didn't know it was the Frank family.

777
00:48:45,720 --> 00:48:47,200
We did not know.

778
00:48:47,440 --> 00:48:50,240
We were not supposed to know
who was living in a house...

779
00:48:50,440 --> 00:48:52,640
...because of what I explained earlier.

780
00:48:52,880 --> 00:48:56,680
You didn't speak about people
living somewhere.

781
00:48:57,200 --> 00:49:00,000
So we heard them flushing the toilet...

782
00:49:00,200 --> 00:49:04,080
...so we moved out because that
was a sign people were upstairs.

783
00:49:04,280 --> 00:49:08,360
And well, we were not there
with an agreement of anybody.

784
00:49:16,920 --> 00:49:20,880
"Wednesday, March 29, 1944.
Dearest Kitty:

785
00:49:21,640 --> 00:49:24,120
Mr. Bolkestein,
the cabinet minister...

786
00:49:24,320 --> 00:49:26,880
...speaking on the Dutch
broadcast from London...

787
00:49:27,080 --> 00:49:30,960
...said that after the war, a collection
would be made of diaries and letters...

788
00:49:31,160 --> 00:49:32,840
...dealing with the war.

789
00:49:33,040 --> 00:49:35,960
Of course, everyone pounced
on my diary.

790
00:49:36,160 --> 00:49:39,600
Imagine how interesting it would
be if I published a novel...

791
00:49:39,800 --> 00:49:41,520
...about the secret annex.

792
00:49:41,760 --> 00:49:45,880
The title alone would make people
think it was a detective story.

793
00:49:46,080 --> 00:49:48,880
Seriously though,
10 years after the war...

794
00:49:49,080 --> 00:49:52,400
...people would find it very amusing
to read how we lived...

795
00:49:52,600 --> 00:49:56,800
...what we ate and what we
talked about as Jews in hiding. "

796
00:50:00,440 --> 00:50:04,680
For 6 weeks, Anne thought constantly
about the message from London.

797
00:50:04,880 --> 00:50:06,560
Then she made up her mind.

798
00:50:06,760 --> 00:50:10,760
She had wanted to be a journalist,
a famous writer, to travel the world...

799
00:50:10,960 --> 00:50:13,000
...see Paris and Hollywood.

800
00:50:13,200 --> 00:50:15,200
This was her opportunity.

801
00:50:15,960 --> 00:50:18,360
Starting in the middle of May 1944...

802
00:50:18,560 --> 00:50:22,440
...she began to furiously rewrite her
whole diary from the first entry...

803
00:50:22,640 --> 00:50:24,520
...with a view
to future publication...

804
00:50:24,720 --> 00:50:27,640
...at the same time as keeping up
her regular diary entries.

805
00:50:28,440 --> 00:50:31,560
"Tuesday, June 6, 1944.

806
00:50:31,760 --> 00:50:33,240
Dearest Kitty:

807
00:50:33,480 --> 00:50:37,280
'This is D-day, '
the BBC announced at 12.

808
00:50:37,480 --> 00:50:41,760
'This is the day.
The invasion has begun. '

809
00:50:41,960 --> 00:50:44,120
A huge commotion in the annex.

810
00:50:44,520 --> 00:50:48,360
Is this really the beginning
of the long-awaited liberation?

811
00:50:48,560 --> 00:50:51,520
The liberation we've all talked
so much about...

812
00:50:51,720 --> 00:50:56,640
...which still seems too good, too much
of a fairy tale ever to come true?

813
00:50:56,960 --> 00:51:01,040
Will this year, 1944,
bring us victory?

814
00:51:01,240 --> 00:51:02,720
We don't know yet.

815
00:51:02,920 --> 00:51:05,400
But where there's hope, there's life.

816
00:51:05,600 --> 00:51:09,800
It fills us with fresh courage
and makes us strong again.

817
00:51:10,120 --> 00:51:12,280
The best part of the invasion...

818
00:51:12,520 --> 00:51:15,920
...is that I have the feeling
that friends are on the way.

819
00:51:16,120 --> 00:51:20,320
Those terrible Germans have oppressed
and threatened us for so long...

820
00:51:20,560 --> 00:51:22,960
...that the thought
of friends and salvation...

821
00:51:23,160 --> 00:51:25,160
...means everything to us.

822
00:51:25,360 --> 00:51:28,120
Maybe, Margot says...

823
00:51:28,320 --> 00:51:30,360
...I can even go back to school...

824
00:51:30,600 --> 00:51:33,320
...in October or September. "

825
00:51:35,960 --> 00:51:40,560
With the Allies advancing,
the spirits in the annex soared.

826
00:51:40,760 --> 00:51:42,360
Otto Frank kept a map...

827
00:51:42,560 --> 00:51:46,200
...tracking every advance of
the British and American troops.

828
00:51:50,480 --> 00:51:54,000
But the odds were stacked against
those in the hiding place.

829
00:51:54,200 --> 00:51:59,160
Of the 25,000 Jews who hid from
the Nazis in Holland during WWII...

830
00:51:59,520 --> 00:52:02,520
...some 8 to 9 thousand
were discovered by the Germans...

831
00:52:02,720 --> 00:52:05,400
...or betrayed by their Dutch hosts.

832
00:52:05,600 --> 00:52:09,920
Many of the Franks' neighbors, some of
whom were known Nazi sympathizers...

833
00:52:10,120 --> 00:52:13,840
...knew there was something going on
in the back house...

834
00:52:14,080 --> 00:52:16,360
...at 263 Prinsengracht.

835
00:52:16,560 --> 00:52:20,280
Anyone could've called the
authorities to collect the reward...

836
00:52:20,480 --> 00:52:22,840
...for betraying Jews in hiding.

837
00:52:23,040 --> 00:52:26,240
Anne herself chronicled
many acts of carelessness...

838
00:52:26,440 --> 00:52:31,360
...that could've led to the suspicion
that could easily lead on to betrayal.

839
00:52:35,360 --> 00:52:37,880
It has never been proved
how they were betrayed...

840
00:52:38,080 --> 00:52:40,840
...but on a sunny summer morning
in 1944...

841
00:52:41,040 --> 00:52:44,440
...two years after they first stepped
behind their secret door...

842
00:52:44,640 --> 00:52:46,800
...their world collapsed.

843
00:52:48,520 --> 00:52:51,440
It was the 4th of August...

844
00:52:51,640 --> 00:52:53,680
...1944.

845
00:52:53,960 --> 00:52:58,240
You know, it was always my task
to go first...

846
00:52:58,440 --> 00:53:00,160
...up in the hiding place.

847
00:53:00,360 --> 00:53:02,400
Also this day.

848
00:53:02,600 --> 00:53:06,320
I go up, took my shopping list...

849
00:53:06,520 --> 00:53:08,440
...talked with the people...

850
00:53:09,000 --> 00:53:10,720
...and came down.

851
00:53:11,800 --> 00:53:15,760
After an hour, I was
working in the office.

852
00:53:18,400 --> 00:53:23,120
Bep in front of me,
Koophuis on this side.

853
00:53:23,360 --> 00:53:25,000
The door...

854
00:53:25,200 --> 00:53:28,040
...goes open, but I did not look.

855
00:53:28,240 --> 00:53:29,600
And it was quiet.

856
00:53:29,800 --> 00:53:31,880
In a moment, I look up...

857
00:53:32,200 --> 00:53:36,000
...and there was a man standing
before me with a gun to me...

858
00:53:36,200 --> 00:53:37,480
...and said:

859
00:53:38,200 --> 00:53:40,640
"Quiet. No words. "

860
00:53:41,360 --> 00:53:43,520
Was there ever a plan...

861
00:53:44,200 --> 00:53:46,240
...for this sort of situation?

862
00:53:46,440 --> 00:53:47,960
No. No.

863
00:53:48,200 --> 00:53:50,520
We were so...

864
00:53:51,800 --> 00:53:56,360
...sure that it never would happen.

865
00:53:58,720 --> 00:54:01,720
The authorities were alerted
by an anonymous phone call...

866
00:54:01,920 --> 00:54:05,040
...that there were Jews
hiding in the Opekta offices.

867
00:54:05,720 --> 00:54:08,920
Four Dutch policemen from
the German security service...

868
00:54:09,120 --> 00:54:13,400
...led by an Austrian officer,
went straight to the secret bookcase.

869
00:54:15,000 --> 00:54:19,280
I could hear the voice of the Nazi.

870
00:54:20,600 --> 00:54:23,920
And I heard this man...

871
00:54:24,120 --> 00:54:26,640
...speak with a...

872
00:54:27,440 --> 00:54:30,560
...with a Vienna accent.

873
00:54:30,760 --> 00:54:35,120
And if you know, I'm born in Vienna.
I know that accent.

874
00:54:35,320 --> 00:54:39,520
I stand up and say to him...

875
00:54:39,720 --> 00:54:43,960
...in a nearly friendly mien:

876
00:54:44,760 --> 00:54:48,240
"You are a Vienna.
I'm a Vienna too. "

877
00:54:48,640 --> 00:54:51,400
And this one sentence...

878
00:54:51,680 --> 00:54:55,920
...was perhaps too much for this man.

879
00:54:57,160 --> 00:54:59,160
He was standing there...

880
00:54:59,480 --> 00:55:01,000
...looked at me.

881
00:55:01,240 --> 00:55:05,320
And when he come to him-
He come to me...

882
00:55:10,040 --> 00:55:13,200
...so near to me that I feel his...

883
00:55:13,520 --> 00:55:15,080
...his adem.

884
00:55:15,960 --> 00:55:18,520
His breath, I feel his breath.

885
00:55:22,520 --> 00:55:23,640
"Aren't you ashamed of yourself...

886
00:55:23,840 --> 00:55:26,840
...helping Jewish baggage?

887
00:55:27,040 --> 00:55:28,400
You deserve to receive...

888
00:55:28,600 --> 00:55:29,800
...the worst punishment.

889
00:55:30,040 --> 00:55:32,680
And you know what that is. "

890
00:55:32,880 --> 00:55:35,200
I did not say any word.

891
00:55:35,400 --> 00:55:36,960
I was...

892
00:55:38,920 --> 00:55:43,000
He was going in my office from
the one wall to the other...

893
00:55:43,200 --> 00:55:44,840
...as a wild...

894
00:55:46,360 --> 00:55:47,840
...animal.

895
00:55:48,040 --> 00:55:49,240
Animal.

896
00:55:50,120 --> 00:55:52,360
After a while, he stood still...

897
00:55:52,600 --> 00:55:56,320
...looked me a little friendlier.

898
00:55:59,880 --> 00:56:02,920
"Out of personal sympathy,
you may stay...

899
00:56:03,120 --> 00:56:05,200
...but woe betide you if you flee.

900
00:56:05,440 --> 00:56:06,840
Then we'll take your husband. "

901
00:56:12,640 --> 00:56:14,680
When the Germans captured
Jews in hiding...

902
00:56:14,920 --> 00:56:17,280
...they looted everything of value.

903
00:56:17,480 --> 00:56:21,280
Officially, this was meant to finance
the transportation of the Jews...

904
00:56:21,480 --> 00:56:23,040
...to the Polish death camps.

905
00:56:23,240 --> 00:56:24,680
But corruption was rife...

906
00:56:24,880 --> 00:56:28,800
...and Jewish valuables often lined
the pockets of Nazi policemen.

907
00:56:30,960 --> 00:56:32,680
Needing a container for his loot...

908
00:56:32,880 --> 00:56:37,840
...the Austrian arresting officer, SS
Oberscharf�hrer Karl Silberbauer...

909
00:56:38,040 --> 00:56:41,440
...emptied the contents of Otto
Frank's briefcase onto the floor.

910
00:56:41,680 --> 00:56:45,240
And thus, he left behind
Anne's diary.

911
00:56:47,120 --> 00:56:50,400
After the Franks and the other
peoples were away...

912
00:56:50,600 --> 00:56:52,440
...I come here in...

913
00:56:53,560 --> 00:56:55,200
...and found...

914
00:56:57,000 --> 00:57:01,240
...the diary scattered on the floor.

915
00:57:02,400 --> 00:57:05,560
Ellie and me, Bep and me.

916
00:57:06,240 --> 00:57:09,000
Bep and me, we saw this.

917
00:57:09,240 --> 00:57:10,640
"That is the diary of Anne!"

918
00:57:10,840 --> 00:57:13,320
"Please take! Take it!"

919
00:57:14,240 --> 00:57:16,040
We took all the things...

920
00:57:16,240 --> 00:57:18,840
...but I was afraid...

921
00:57:19,040 --> 00:57:23,440
...that I had not all
the paper of the diary. I knew that.

922
00:57:23,640 --> 00:57:25,680
But I was so in hurry...

923
00:57:26,480 --> 00:57:31,080
...because I was afraid
that this Austrian man came again.

924
00:57:31,280 --> 00:57:33,280
-That the officer-
-That the officer...

925
00:57:33,480 --> 00:57:35,960
Because he say,
"I come back. "

926
00:57:36,600 --> 00:57:39,760
Within two weeks of Miep Gies
saving Anne's diary...

927
00:57:39,960 --> 00:57:44,000
...the Dutch firm of A-Puls stripped
the hiding place of its possessions...

928
00:57:44,200 --> 00:57:48,560
...to be sent to Germany to aid
bombed-out German civilians.

929
00:57:52,720 --> 00:57:56,440
Silberbauer and his assistants
had taken the eight Jewish prisoners...

930
00:57:56,640 --> 00:58:01,080
...to Gestapo headquarters, housed
here in a former school in Amsterdam.

931
00:58:01,320 --> 00:58:05,080
Of the helpers, Johannes Kleiman
and Viktor Kugler were also arrested.

932
00:58:05,280 --> 00:58:08,840
Though not the two women,
Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl.

933
00:58:10,200 --> 00:58:12,200
Kleiman and Kugler were
then sent here...

934
00:58:12,400 --> 00:58:14,520
...to Amersfoort labor camp
in Holland...

935
00:58:14,720 --> 00:58:18,120
...shown in this film during
a Dutch Red Cross inspection.

936
00:58:18,320 --> 00:58:20,800
Kleiman was released in September
due to bad health...

937
00:58:21,000 --> 00:58:23,640
...and Kugler managed to
escape in 1945...

938
00:58:23,840 --> 00:58:25,800
...when the train in which he...

939
00:58:26,000 --> 00:58:30,000
...was being transported to Germany
was bombed by American planes.

940
00:58:33,800 --> 00:58:37,240
The day after the arrest of the Franks,
the van Pelses and Pfeffer...

941
00:58:37,440 --> 00:58:41,000
...Miep tried one last desperate
effort to help them.

942
00:58:42,000 --> 00:58:44,000
I go to the Gestapo.

943
00:58:46,200 --> 00:58:49,280
And when you dare go in...

944
00:58:49,480 --> 00:58:53,600
...you did not know if you come out.

945
00:58:56,880 --> 00:59:01,320
I found this Austrian man...

946
00:59:02,080 --> 00:59:05,960
...and he said, "Yes, come. "
I went to him.

947
00:59:06,160 --> 00:59:11,120
But when I came there, his office
was full of young people.

948
00:59:11,320 --> 00:59:13,720
Secretaries and all the peoples.

949
00:59:13,920 --> 00:59:16,440
But he was sitting in the corner.

950
00:59:16,640 --> 00:59:19,000
And when I came in, I could not-
I think...

951
00:59:19,200 --> 00:59:22,600
..."I cannot speak with
this man what I want. "

952
00:59:22,800 --> 00:59:25,240
So I go to the corner to him...

953
00:59:25,440 --> 00:59:28,200
...over his desk, and I did so:

954
00:59:29,880 --> 00:59:33,400
"Understand me," I said to him.

955
00:59:33,600 --> 00:59:35,520
"Please come back tomorrow.

956
00:59:35,720 --> 00:59:38,880
I can't do anything more
for you today. "

957
00:59:39,120 --> 00:59:40,400
And then I went away.

958
00:59:40,600 --> 00:59:44,640
Next morning, I go to him.
He was standing in the door...

959
00:59:44,840 --> 00:59:48,400
...waiting for me.
"I am sorry," he said to me.

960
00:59:48,600 --> 00:59:51,360
"I can't do anything for you...

961
00:59:51,560 --> 00:59:56,120
...because I am not high enough.
You understand me?"

962
00:59:57,000 --> 00:59:59,280
And I said to him,
"I don't believe you. "

963
00:59:59,480 --> 01:00:04,080
"Go to my boss. "
And I go upstairs.

964
01:00:04,280 --> 01:00:07,920
I knocked on the door.
Nobody said anything.

965
01:00:08,120 --> 01:00:11,680
Then I opened the door,
and what did I see?

966
01:00:11,920 --> 01:00:14,080
A large table...

967
01:00:14,280 --> 01:00:17,920
...sitting high German people.

968
01:00:18,160 --> 01:00:22,360
Their caps on the table,
and in the middle...

969
01:00:22,600 --> 01:00:26,360
...the radio, listening to England.

970
01:00:27,040 --> 01:00:30,680
That was very, very-

971
01:00:32,600 --> 01:00:35,200
Was not allowed for the German people.

972
01:00:35,400 --> 01:00:37,960
And it was very dangerous for me...

973
01:00:38,160 --> 01:00:41,400
...because I saw what they did.

974
01:00:42,200 --> 01:00:45,680
And I said, "Who is he, the boss?"

975
01:00:45,920 --> 01:00:50,440
One man came to me, pushed me
out of the door.

976
01:00:50,640 --> 01:00:53,480
"You are a swine. "

977
01:00:54,160 --> 01:00:56,040
And then I went down.

978
01:00:56,880 --> 01:01:00,400
And this Vienna man
was standing in the door.

979
01:01:00,640 --> 01:01:04,080
I said, "What did I say to you?"

980
01:01:05,040 --> 01:01:08,200
And then I went down...

981
01:01:08,840 --> 01:01:10,480
...and I feel...

982
01:01:14,800 --> 01:01:19,280
...the curtain of this play
was fallen for me.

983
01:01:22,520 --> 01:01:25,400
Afterfour days in the cellars
of the Gestapo building...

984
01:01:25,600 --> 01:01:28,800
...the prisoners were taken to
the Amsterdam railway depot.

985
01:01:29,000 --> 01:01:32,440
They were loaded under guard
onto an ordinary passenger train.

986
01:01:33,040 --> 01:01:35,760
Janny Brilleslijper, a member
of the Dutch Resistance...

987
01:01:35,960 --> 01:01:37,920
...was amongst the prisoners.

988
01:01:39,160 --> 01:01:45,880
What I saw was a family.

989
01:01:46,080 --> 01:01:47,560
There were a number of people...

990
01:01:47,760 --> 01:01:52,160
...a very worried father
and a nervous mother...

991
01:01:52,360 --> 01:01:53,720
...and two children...

992
01:01:53,960 --> 01:01:57,120
...wearing sports clothes, I believe.

993
01:01:57,360 --> 01:02:02,280
Of course, it is more than
fifty years ago.

994
01:02:02,760 --> 01:02:04,000
They had sports clothes on...

995
01:02:04,200 --> 01:02:07,440
...and backpacks with them...

996
01:02:07,640 --> 01:02:09,240
...and the four of them...

997
01:02:09,440 --> 01:02:11,680
...stayed together constantly.

998
01:02:11,880 --> 01:02:14,080
They spoke very softly
to one another...

999
01:02:14,280 --> 01:02:16,520
...and there were other people there.

1000
01:02:16,720 --> 01:02:18,720
It was a beautiful day...

1001
01:02:18,920 --> 01:02:21,200
...the sun shone to greet you...

1002
01:02:21,400 --> 01:02:24,720
...the houses of the city were
bathed in gold...

1003
01:02:24,920 --> 01:02:29,800
...and those people all had
a sort of...

1004
01:02:30,000 --> 01:02:32,840
...silent melancholy about them.

1005
01:02:33,040 --> 01:02:34,480
Nobody said anything.

1006
01:02:34,680 --> 01:02:36,800
I cannot say that the people
were afraid.

1007
01:02:37,000 --> 01:02:39,520
We went to meet the unknown.

1008
01:02:39,720 --> 01:02:41,040
We didn't know what was
waiting for us.

1009
01:02:44,920 --> 01:02:49,240
This was the first destination for
the Franks and the other prisoners.

1010
01:02:49,520 --> 01:02:52,480
Westerbork Transit Camp
in northern Holland.

1011
01:02:55,440 --> 01:02:57,440
This film was made by
the commandant...

1012
01:02:57,640 --> 01:03:00,760
...to show his superiors in Berlin
how successful he was...

1013
01:03:00,960 --> 01:03:03,320
...in keeping his
prisoners occupied...

1014
01:03:03,520 --> 01:03:08,000
...before sending them on to less
benign places in Poland or Germany.

1015
01:03:11,040 --> 01:03:13,800
104,000 people were
processed through here...

1016
01:03:14,040 --> 01:03:17,160
...between 1942 and 1945...

1017
01:03:17,360 --> 01:03:19,760
...more than 75% of the Jews
in Holland...

1018
01:03:19,960 --> 01:03:22,960
...before the outbreak of war.

1019
01:03:23,160 --> 01:03:25,720
Proudly, and without irony,
the commandant showed...

1020
01:03:25,920 --> 01:03:27,840
...the humiliation
of his prisoners...

1021
01:03:28,040 --> 01:03:31,080
...who were largely ignorant
of the fate that awaited them.

1022
01:03:31,280 --> 01:03:34,520
Of the 60,000 or so who were
sent to Auschwitz from here...

1023
01:03:34,720 --> 01:03:37,960
...only 673 were ever to return.

1024
01:03:38,160 --> 01:03:42,840
And of the 34,313 transported
to Sobibor death camp...

1025
01:03:43,040 --> 01:03:45,520
...just 19 came back.

1026
01:03:50,280 --> 01:03:53,920
In the meantime, Westerbork offered
ball games and calisthenics.

1027
01:03:54,120 --> 01:03:58,360
The Jews were encouraged to entertain
themselves with a weekly cabaret.

1028
01:04:00,720 --> 01:04:03,240
Three survivors of that time
in August 1944...

1029
01:04:03,440 --> 01:04:06,000
...returned for the first
time in 50 years.

1030
01:04:06,200 --> 01:04:10,200
All, like the Franks,
had been captured in hiding.

1031
01:04:10,400 --> 01:04:12,440
It is maybe unbelievable...

1032
01:04:12,640 --> 01:04:16,440
...but when we were arrested
and brought to the prison...

1033
01:04:16,640 --> 01:04:19,320
Sal de Liema
Westerbork Prisoner Aug/Sept 1944

1034
01:04:19,520 --> 01:04:22,760
...I cannot say it was
a kind of relief. No.

1035
01:04:22,960 --> 01:04:25,120
But there was something
that we said:

1036
01:04:25,320 --> 01:04:28,800
"Now this is maybe the end of the war. "

1037
01:04:29,040 --> 01:04:32,160
Because we knew
the invasion was going on...

1038
01:04:32,360 --> 01:04:35,280
...and, "The end is finally in sight.

1039
01:04:36,320 --> 01:04:39,960
What we have to do now
is try to survive this. "

1040
01:04:40,160 --> 01:04:42,880
It was overwhelming.
I knew it was Westerbork.

1041
01:04:43,080 --> 01:04:46,120
Rachel van Amerongen-Frankfoorder
Westerbork Prisoner June/Sept 1944

1042
01:04:46,320 --> 01:04:50,160
I thought, "This is the end," because
I knew what happened in Germany.

1043
01:04:50,480 --> 01:04:54,400
And I knew that they were
going to kill us.

1044
01:04:54,600 --> 01:04:57,440
We never gave up hope
that we would survive the war.

1045
01:04:57,640 --> 01:05:00,440
Rose de Liema
Westerbork Prisoner Aug/Sept 1944

1046
01:05:00,680 --> 01:05:04,000
There was not that much
Gestapo supervision in the camps.

1047
01:05:04,200 --> 01:05:08,720
The first ones I saw were the Franks.
I knew Margot rather well...

1048
01:05:08,920 --> 01:05:12,120
Bloeme Evers-Emden
Westerbork Prisoner Aug/Sept 1944

1049
01:05:12,320 --> 01:05:14,160
...and I knew Anne.

1050
01:05:14,360 --> 01:05:18,240
We said to each other,
"You too, here? You too?

1051
01:05:18,440 --> 01:05:20,920
Were you hidden? What happened?"

1052
01:05:21,600 --> 01:05:25,320
But very soon you were
taken inside the camp...

1053
01:05:25,520 --> 01:05:28,440
...and you had to be registered...

1054
01:05:28,640 --> 01:05:31,640
...and you got your wooden shoes...

1055
01:05:31,840 --> 01:05:36,280
...because we were punished,
because we were hidden.

1056
01:05:37,080 --> 01:05:40,720
For me, it was
the best time of the war.

1057
01:05:41,600 --> 01:05:44,520
No hunger, nice boys.

1058
01:05:44,720 --> 01:05:47,880
Frieda Menco
Westerbork Prisoner July/Sept 1944

1059
01:05:48,080 --> 01:05:50,920
We worked during the daytime.
Wasn't bad.

1060
01:05:51,120 --> 01:05:54,120
Then we got food...

1061
01:05:54,320 --> 01:05:59,160
...and we were standing around
and making jokes with each other.

1062
01:06:01,840 --> 01:06:03,800
Like other prisoners, the eight...

1063
01:06:04,000 --> 01:06:06,760
...were given make-work jobs
by their captors.

1064
01:06:06,960 --> 01:06:11,480
The Franks had the task of breaking
up old batteries for recycling.

1065
01:06:12,400 --> 01:06:15,720
Otto Frank wanted something
better for his Anne.

1066
01:06:16,520 --> 01:06:18,560
I was cleaning a table...

1067
01:06:18,760 --> 01:06:22,720
...and then at once,
somebody came to me...

1068
01:06:22,960 --> 01:06:24,440
...with a girl-

1069
01:06:24,640 --> 01:06:28,360
That was Otto Frank.
Later on, I knew it.

1070
01:06:29,400 --> 01:06:32,320
He was with Anne, and he asked me:

1071
01:06:32,520 --> 01:06:36,800
"Here's Anne, my daughter.
Do you have work for her?"

1072
01:06:37,000 --> 01:06:41,920
Because he wanted, of course,
her to be inside with us.

1073
01:06:43,520 --> 01:06:48,480
Then she said to me, "I can help you.
I'm very handy. I can do everything. "

1074
01:06:52,360 --> 01:06:56,520
This was the end, actually.

1075
01:06:56,760 --> 01:06:58,440
This was it.

1076
01:06:59,960 --> 01:07:02,720
It all started here.

1077
01:07:05,600 --> 01:07:07,320
My grandparents...

1078
01:07:08,400 --> 01:07:11,600
...all my uncles, my aunts,
my nieces, my nephews...

1079
01:07:11,840 --> 01:07:14,160
...all my friends.

1080
01:07:14,360 --> 01:07:19,200
They came here, and it was
the beginning of the end.

1081
01:07:20,720 --> 01:07:22,600
And I really...

1082
01:07:24,640 --> 01:07:27,360
...feel like this is...

1083
01:07:28,560 --> 01:07:30,040
...a big cemetery.

1084
01:07:35,000 --> 01:07:39,320
In the end, you start to believe
that it won't happen.

1085
01:07:39,520 --> 01:07:45,400
You know that there are transports
going each Tuesday.

1086
01:07:45,600 --> 01:07:47,400
But when two months have passed...

1087
01:07:47,600 --> 01:07:52,040
...and your own name wasn't on
the list, you start to believe:

1088
01:07:52,240 --> 01:07:57,080
"We can stay here until
the end of the war. "

1089
01:07:57,280 --> 01:08:02,200
Because by then of course, we knew
that there would be an end.

1090
01:08:02,600 --> 01:08:06,160
Although it was incredible,
but we knew...

1091
01:08:06,360 --> 01:08:11,320
...that the English and the Americans
were already in Europe.

1092
01:08:11,880 --> 01:08:15,760
And then it came, and you
became very factual.

1093
01:08:15,960 --> 01:08:19,280
You took your things, everything-

1094
01:08:19,480 --> 01:08:21,360
You got back what belonged to you...

1095
01:08:21,560 --> 01:08:23,560
...because they had taken
that away from you...

1096
01:08:23,760 --> 01:08:27,480
...because they gave you that outfit.

1097
01:08:32,520 --> 01:08:37,360
It was like what happened so many
times later. It was like having-

1098
01:08:37,560 --> 01:08:42,520
I don't know how you call it. You
don't quite realize what's going on...

1099
01:08:42,720 --> 01:08:46,920
...and what will happen
with you and to you.

1100
01:08:51,920 --> 01:08:56,400
Eighty-three trains left Westerbork
during the second World War...

1101
01:08:56,600 --> 01:08:59,880
...for the Polish death camps
of Auschwitz and Sobibor.

1102
01:09:03,520 --> 01:09:07,960
On September 3, 1944, they loaded
many of the Jews in Westerbork...

1103
01:09:08,160 --> 01:09:11,800
...onto the very last
transport to Auschwitz.

1104
01:09:14,800 --> 01:09:18,080
1019 men, women and children...

1105
01:09:18,280 --> 01:09:21,760
...amongst them, the group
of eight from the secret annex.

1106
01:09:26,160 --> 01:09:29,920
For most, it was to be their
last sight of Holland.

1107
01:09:32,080 --> 01:09:33,640
Darkness...

1108
01:09:34,920 --> 01:09:37,320
...is the first thing I think about.

1109
01:09:37,520 --> 01:09:39,680
Being cramped in.

1110
01:09:43,600 --> 01:09:45,520
Too many people.

1111
01:09:46,800 --> 01:09:48,720
No room enough.

1112
01:09:49,800 --> 01:09:51,320
Luggage.

1113
01:09:53,440 --> 01:09:56,120
No possibility to lie.

1114
01:09:56,320 --> 01:09:59,800
Sitting for three days.

1115
01:10:00,400 --> 01:10:02,640
Now and then standing.

1116
01:10:03,280 --> 01:10:08,240
You were like in a trance.

1117
01:10:08,600 --> 01:10:10,440
You didn't realize.

1118
01:10:10,640 --> 01:10:15,560
You realized that very bad
things were to happen...

1119
01:10:17,920 --> 01:10:21,760
...and to be completely powerless.

1120
01:10:22,880 --> 01:10:26,800
Sometimes we stood up. We got up...

1121
01:10:27,000 --> 01:10:30,760
...and looked through cracks...

1122
01:10:30,960 --> 01:10:34,760
...when we were at a station
when the train stopped.

1123
01:10:34,960 --> 01:10:39,800
Because we still had no idea how we
went and where it would end...

1124
01:10:40,000 --> 01:10:42,280
...and how long it would take.

1125
01:10:44,520 --> 01:10:49,080
People cried, and on the other side,
they told stories to each other...

1126
01:10:49,320 --> 01:10:53,760
...to try to sleep,
to sleep standing.

1127
01:10:58,840 --> 01:11:02,840
There was not enough food and drink.

1128
01:11:03,040 --> 01:11:07,640
We were, I think,
about 40 or 50 people...

1129
01:11:07,880 --> 01:11:09,640
...in that cattle car.

1130
01:11:09,880 --> 01:11:11,720
We were standing.

1131
01:11:11,920 --> 01:11:16,880
Sometimes we got to our knees
to rest a little bit.

1132
01:11:17,240 --> 01:11:20,320
Urinating and other things.

1133
01:11:20,560 --> 01:11:25,320
I don't remember what we did, but
there was nothing there, nothing.

1134
01:11:25,520 --> 01:11:27,680
I think we just let it go.

1135
01:11:30,200 --> 01:11:35,120
And it was like an endless journey.

1136
01:11:36,600 --> 01:11:41,520
And even that was better than that
there would have come an end to it.

1137
01:11:41,840 --> 01:11:46,400
Because the end was not good.
That, we felt.

1138
01:11:47,240 --> 01:11:50,080
Your imagination stops...

1139
01:11:50,280 --> 01:11:52,840
...at certain moments.

1140
01:11:54,400 --> 01:11:58,360
You refuse to imagine the worst.

1141
01:12:04,280 --> 01:12:09,200
On September 5, the train from
Holland reached its final destination:

1142
01:12:09,400 --> 01:12:12,720
Auschwitz death camp
in southwest Poland.

1143
01:12:14,640 --> 01:12:16,560
All those lamps.

1144
01:12:16,760 --> 01:12:21,080
Terrible, terrible hard.

1145
01:12:21,320 --> 01:12:24,400
The color was so terrible.
It was yellowish.

1146
01:12:24,600 --> 01:12:28,560
And we came there,
men, women, children alike...

1147
01:12:28,760 --> 01:12:32,720
...on the platform here.
Don't know where exactly.

1148
01:12:33,600 --> 01:12:35,600
Yeah, I see there, the rail.

1149
01:12:36,400 --> 01:12:38,200
We were astonished.

1150
01:12:41,160 --> 01:12:45,000
I really thought I passed away,
and this was hell.

1151
01:12:45,200 --> 01:12:48,480
Really, I thought, "I'm already dead. "

1152
01:12:53,800 --> 01:12:56,480
We were driven one way or another way.

1153
01:12:56,720 --> 01:13:00,120
After all, was the one way
to the death...

1154
01:13:01,360 --> 01:13:05,360
...and this was to a kind of life.

1155
01:13:06,960 --> 01:13:09,360
I remember very well too...

1156
01:13:09,560 --> 01:13:13,320
...that you were naked before men...

1157
01:13:13,520 --> 01:13:17,440
...and I was educated chastely...

1158
01:13:19,240 --> 01:13:23,640
...in the values of my people.

1159
01:13:24,280 --> 01:13:26,800
And I got a shock.

1160
01:13:27,000 --> 01:13:31,760
I knew that from this moment on...

1161
01:13:31,960 --> 01:13:34,360
...all your norms and values...

1162
01:13:34,560 --> 01:13:38,240
...were of no importance anymore.

1163
01:13:38,440 --> 01:13:41,120
And that there was a quite new...

1164
01:13:41,320 --> 01:13:44,160
...set of values to be learned.

1165
01:13:44,360 --> 01:13:47,200
And if you didn't learn it,
you would be dead.

1166
01:13:47,400 --> 01:13:52,320
I remember that I realized
it in one second.

1167
01:13:52,600 --> 01:13:55,040
And I was only 18 years old.

1168
01:13:57,840 --> 01:14:01,640
According to Auschwitz records, more
than half the people on that train...

1169
01:14:01,840 --> 01:14:05,480
...were gassed on the day after
their arrival, September 6.

1170
01:14:05,680 --> 01:14:08,360
549 Jews, among them...

1171
01:14:08,560 --> 01:14:11,240
...every child under the age of 15.

1172
01:14:14,240 --> 01:14:18,080
They told us right away what was
waiting for us: death.

1173
01:14:18,280 --> 01:14:22,680
"All of your people, they're going to
the chimneys. Maybe tonight already. "

1174
01:14:22,880 --> 01:14:25,200
It was just a death factory.

1175
01:14:25,400 --> 01:14:29,360
We knew.
We saw that terrible pipe...

1176
01:14:29,560 --> 01:14:30,960
...burning day and night.

1177
01:14:31,160 --> 01:14:35,280
The smell. I thought that
when it should come here...

1178
01:14:35,480 --> 01:14:38,960
...that I should have had
a penetrant smell. But no.

1179
01:14:39,160 --> 01:14:43,800
I was sure that I should smell it
because sometimes I smell it.

1180
01:14:44,000 --> 01:14:48,760
The smell of the disinfection,
the smell of the burning flesh...

1181
01:14:48,960 --> 01:14:50,640
...and the smoke.

1182
01:14:53,560 --> 01:14:56,440
Anne, Margot and Edith Frank,
and Mrs. van Pels...

1183
01:14:56,640 --> 01:14:59,800
...were among the 212
women from the Dutch train...

1184
01:15:00,040 --> 01:15:04,960
...who were granted entry into that
hell they called Auschwitz-Birkenau.

1185
01:15:07,240 --> 01:15:10,240
They were placed in Women's Block 29.

1186
01:15:14,040 --> 01:15:17,320
It was no life.
It was no life at all.

1187
01:15:17,560 --> 01:15:21,360
We were degraded...

1188
01:15:21,560 --> 01:15:26,080
...to even less than beasts.

1189
01:15:26,280 --> 01:15:28,000
Less than animals.

1190
01:15:31,640 --> 01:15:36,080
We were standing outside,
and I saw a wagon on the first day.

1191
01:15:36,280 --> 01:15:38,320
"What's he throwing on there?"

1192
01:15:38,520 --> 01:15:41,080
Dead bodies. Oh, my God!
I could hardly look.

1193
01:15:41,320 --> 01:15:44,720
The next couple of days
later, I saw it.

1194
01:15:44,920 --> 01:15:48,320
"Oh, there's that wagon again
who picks up the dead bodies. "

1195
01:15:48,520 --> 01:15:51,600
The next time, I didn't pay
any attention to that wagon.

1196
01:15:51,800 --> 01:15:55,520
So your brain starts
functioning differently...

1197
01:15:55,720 --> 01:15:59,240
...because if you didn't-
You didn't do it on purpose...

1198
01:15:59,440 --> 01:16:01,840
...but then you couldn't
go on living.

1199
01:16:05,440 --> 01:16:08,160
In Auschwitz-Birkenau, Edith Frank
and her daughters...

1200
01:16:08,360 --> 01:16:11,280
...were drawn together
as never before.

1201
01:16:11,480 --> 01:16:14,560
A very important survival...

1202
01:16:14,760 --> 01:16:18,240
...for all the people
in concentration camps...

1203
01:16:18,440 --> 01:16:21,680
...were the forming of groups.
Support groups.

1204
01:16:21,880 --> 01:16:25,200
And of course, as mother
and children and daughters...

1205
01:16:25,400 --> 01:16:27,760
...you were a natural support group.

1206
01:16:28,000 --> 01:16:31,520
And I think everything
from the past was faded away...

1207
01:16:31,720 --> 01:16:34,840
...against this scene of Auschwitz.

1208
01:16:35,280 --> 01:16:38,840
It was of no importance
anymore, I suppose.

1209
01:16:39,040 --> 01:16:44,000
Was there any sign
of the previous antagonism...

1210
01:16:44,560 --> 01:16:46,840
...between Anne and her mother?

1211
01:16:47,640 --> 01:16:50,080
I think it was all forgotten.

1212
01:16:51,360 --> 01:16:53,840
They were always together.

1213
01:16:55,680 --> 01:16:58,640
You can have the luxury...

1214
01:17:00,760 --> 01:17:04,720
...of a struggle with your mother
in normal circumstances.

1215
01:17:04,920 --> 01:17:07,800
These circumstances were so...

1216
01:17:10,160 --> 01:17:12,280
...bad. Not only bad...

1217
01:17:12,480 --> 01:17:15,600
...but like a ghost writing...

1218
01:17:15,880 --> 01:17:18,400
...that everything fell away.

1219
01:17:18,600 --> 01:17:21,480
I'm quite sure about that.

1220
01:17:27,440 --> 01:17:31,520
The last time I saw Anne
and Margot and Mrs. Frank...

1221
01:17:31,760 --> 01:17:35,640
...was when there
had been a selection...

1222
01:17:35,840 --> 01:17:37,600
...for a working camp.

1223
01:17:37,800 --> 01:17:42,160
But you never knew for
what the selection was.

1224
01:17:42,360 --> 01:17:46,080
But Anne and her mother were told...

1225
01:17:46,280 --> 01:17:51,240
...that Anne was not allowed
to go with our group...

1226
01:17:51,760 --> 01:17:55,360
...because she had scabies.

1227
01:17:57,200 --> 01:18:01,680
Her mother and Margot
decided to stay with Anne.

1228
01:18:01,920 --> 01:18:05,520
We went to a labor camp where we...

1229
01:18:05,720 --> 01:18:08,680
...didn't get food and worked hard...

1230
01:18:08,880 --> 01:18:11,400
...but most of us survived.

1231
01:18:11,600 --> 01:18:15,800
There were few deaths,
and there were no gas chambers.

1232
01:18:18,960 --> 01:18:21,200
Had she not had the scabies...

1233
01:18:21,400 --> 01:18:25,440
...and had they gone
with our transport...

1234
01:18:26,360 --> 01:18:29,480
...they had had a better
chance to survive.

1235
01:18:31,120 --> 01:18:33,240
So because Anne suffered
from scabies...

1236
01:18:33,440 --> 01:18:35,880
...and her mother and sister
stayed with her...

1237
01:18:36,080 --> 01:18:39,720
...they lost their chance to leave
Auschwitz for the work camp...

1238
01:18:39,960 --> 01:18:43,840
...where many of the Dutch women
saw out the remainder of the war.

1239
01:18:47,680 --> 01:18:51,680
As for the men, when they had first
arrived at Auschwitz, September 5...

1240
01:18:51,880 --> 01:18:55,760
...Otto Frank, Hermann and
Peter van Pels, and Fritz Pfeffer...

1241
01:18:55,960 --> 01:19:00,840
...together with the other 254 males
who had not immediately been gassed...

1242
01:19:01,040 --> 01:19:05,960
...had been separated from their women
and taken to the nearby Auschwitz I.

1243
01:19:06,920 --> 01:19:11,240
This, the original death camp created
from an old Polish army barracks...

1244
01:19:11,440 --> 01:19:14,160
...may have been smaller than
Auschwitz-Birkenau...

1245
01:19:14,360 --> 01:19:17,840
...where the women had remained
within sight of the gas chambers...

1246
01:19:18,040 --> 01:19:22,400
...and three crematoria, but life
here for the men was no easier.

1247
01:19:22,600 --> 01:19:25,120
Mr. van Pels was the first to wither.

1248
01:19:25,320 --> 01:19:27,640
We told him, "Don't give up. "

1249
01:19:27,840 --> 01:19:31,960
He did, and it was just like
he melted away. It was two weeks-

1250
01:19:32,160 --> 01:19:36,240
Two days, he was gone.
He gave up.

1251
01:19:36,440 --> 01:19:38,040
That was it.

1252
01:19:41,920 --> 01:19:45,760
No one knows exactly when they took
Hermann van Pels to the gas chamber...

1253
01:19:45,960 --> 01:19:49,760
...but it was only a few weeks
after his arrival at Auschwitz.

1254
01:19:53,000 --> 01:19:55,360
Otto Frank and Sal de Liema resolved...

1255
01:19:55,480 --> 01:19:57,960
...to keep up their morale
by whatever means.

1256
01:19:58,240 --> 01:20:00,600
People around us...

1257
01:20:00,800 --> 01:20:04,000
...like we all were,
of course very nervous.

1258
01:20:04,200 --> 01:20:08,560
Talking about food all the time.
Talking about clothes...

1259
01:20:08,760 --> 01:20:11,840
...that we didn't have any,
practically no clothes.

1260
01:20:12,040 --> 01:20:14,760
Only the striped clothes that we had.

1261
01:20:14,960 --> 01:20:19,920
The food was just a piece of bread that
they'd give you. It was really bad.

1262
01:20:20,200 --> 01:20:23,920
So Mr. Frank and I-

1263
01:20:24,120 --> 01:20:26,840
We knew each other from Westerbork.

1264
01:20:27,040 --> 01:20:29,480
He said, "We should get
away from those people...

1265
01:20:29,680 --> 01:20:34,080
...because if you start talking
about food and everything...

1266
01:20:34,280 --> 01:20:36,920
...your brain is gonna go. "

1267
01:20:37,120 --> 01:20:39,840
And we said, "We understand
that physically...

1268
01:20:40,080 --> 01:20:43,200
...we maybe will not survive this. "

1269
01:20:57,200 --> 01:21:00,320
We should try to...

1270
01:21:02,480 --> 01:21:04,960
...survive mentally...

1271
01:21:05,160 --> 01:21:09,040
...and talk about things that had
nothing to do with the camp, like:

1272
01:21:09,280 --> 01:21:14,200
"Do you remember the melody from
the 9th Symphony from Beethoven?"

1273
01:21:14,560 --> 01:21:17,280
And then we start singing
to each other...

1274
01:21:17,480 --> 01:21:22,000
...just to get away from this fear.
Just to get our brain...

1275
01:21:23,080 --> 01:21:27,480
...thinking about other things.
We talked about van Gogh, Rembrandt.

1276
01:21:27,680 --> 01:21:31,160
"Ever go to the Van Gogh Museum?
Ever go to the Rijk Museum?"

1277
01:21:31,400 --> 01:21:34,680
And all those things, just not to-

1278
01:21:34,880 --> 01:21:39,240
To get out of our minds.
To get out of this here.

1279
01:21:39,440 --> 01:21:41,680
And it really helped, I think.

1280
01:21:42,840 --> 01:21:45,920
He was older, much older than I was.

1281
01:21:46,120 --> 01:21:50,840
He said, "You know, why don't
you call me Papa Frank...

1282
01:21:51,040 --> 01:21:55,720
...because I have to have
something in my life...

1283
01:21:55,960 --> 01:21:58,360
...that I can be a papa to. "

1284
01:21:58,560 --> 01:22:01,000
I didn't know
what he was talking about.

1285
01:22:01,200 --> 01:22:04,600
I said, "What do you mean?
I have a father...

1286
01:22:04,800 --> 01:22:08,440
...and he is hidden in
the Netherlands, in Holland.

1287
01:22:08,640 --> 01:22:12,920
If you do it for me, you don't have
to, because I have already a father...

1288
01:22:13,120 --> 01:22:15,040
...and he's alive.
I know he's hidden. "

1289
01:22:15,280 --> 01:22:19,360
"No," he said, "you do it for me.
I'm the type of a man, I need this.

1290
01:22:19,560 --> 01:22:22,920
I need somebody to be a papa for. "

1291
01:22:23,120 --> 01:22:26,640
So I told him, "If it will
help you, I'll do that. "

1292
01:22:26,840 --> 01:22:31,760
He said, "Call me Papa Frank. " Until
he died, when he wrote his letters...

1293
01:22:32,080 --> 01:22:35,160
...he always signed his letters,
"Papa Frank. "

1294
01:22:36,040 --> 01:22:39,400
I was standing one time
in the snow...

1295
01:22:40,920 --> 01:22:42,400
...naked...

1296
01:22:42,600 --> 01:22:46,440
...after we came back from our work.

1297
01:22:46,640 --> 01:22:51,240
We stand appell here,
outside here...

1298
01:22:51,480 --> 01:22:54,040
...and a German soldier came...

1299
01:22:54,280 --> 01:22:58,320
...and he had his fur coat on
and he looked at me and said:

1300
01:22:58,520 --> 01:23:01,080
"Cold, huh? It is cold?"

1301
01:23:01,280 --> 01:23:03,920
I didn't even answer.
I just looked at him.

1302
01:23:04,160 --> 01:23:08,840
And he said, "You know you
will not survive this, you know that.

1303
01:23:09,040 --> 01:23:11,440
But in case you will survive-

1304
01:23:11,640 --> 01:23:14,880
But I'll take care of it
that it's not gonna happen.

1305
01:23:15,080 --> 01:23:17,720
Nobody, but nobody will believe you...

1306
01:23:17,920 --> 01:23:20,600
...what we did to you people. Nobody. "

1307
01:23:21,360 --> 01:23:23,920
Otto Frank
interviewed in 1979

1308
01:23:24,120 --> 01:23:28,880
One day in Auschwitz,
I was very depressed.

1309
01:23:29,080 --> 01:23:31,120
I had been beaten the day before...

1310
01:23:31,320 --> 01:23:35,280
...and that had really affected me...

1311
01:23:35,520 --> 01:23:37,480
...also in terms of my morale.

1312
01:23:37,680 --> 01:23:39,560
It was a Sunday morning...

1313
01:23:39,760 --> 01:23:42,240
...and I said, "I can't get up. "

1314
01:23:42,440 --> 01:23:44,080
And then my comrades...

1315
01:23:44,280 --> 01:23:45,440
...all Dutchmen of course...

1316
01:23:45,640 --> 01:23:46,880
...because I was the only German...

1317
01:23:47,080 --> 01:23:48,640
...among Dutchmen...

1318
01:23:48,840 --> 01:23:52,200
...but I was totally accepted
by the others...

1319
01:23:52,400 --> 01:23:55,800
...they said to me,
"That's not possible...

1320
01:23:56,000 --> 01:23:57,640
...you must get up, otherwise
you are lost. "

1321
01:23:57,880 --> 01:24:00,600
And then they went to
a Dutch doctor...

1322
01:24:00,800 --> 01:24:03,560
...who worked with a German doctor...

1323
01:24:03,760 --> 01:24:06,160
...and this Dutch doctor...

1324
01:24:06,360 --> 01:24:08,760
...came to me in my barracks.

1325
01:24:08,960 --> 01:24:11,080
He said, "Get up and come...

1326
01:24:11,280 --> 01:24:13,440
...tomorrow morning
to the sick barracks...

1327
01:24:13,640 --> 01:24:15,600
...and I'll speak to
the German doctor...

1328
01:24:15,800 --> 01:24:17,440
...so that you will be accepted. "

1329
01:24:17,640 --> 01:24:19,240
And that is what happened...

1330
01:24:19,440 --> 01:24:22,680
...and through that I was saved.

1331
01:24:25,600 --> 01:24:28,320
While Otto languished
in a sick barracks...

1332
01:24:28,520 --> 01:24:31,440
...his daughters were transported away.

1333
01:24:31,640 --> 01:24:35,920
On October 28, 1944, they were
separated from their mother...

1334
01:24:36,120 --> 01:24:41,080
...and together with 1308
other women, they were sent here...

1335
01:24:41,280 --> 01:24:45,160
...to Bergen-Belsen concentration
camp in Germany.

1336
01:24:48,120 --> 01:24:51,480
Rachel van Amerongen-Frankfoorder
was with them.

1337
01:24:52,800 --> 01:24:56,280
You see with your own eyes how
beautiful it is. It is beautiful.

1338
01:24:56,480 --> 01:24:59,720
And there were birds here.
And I wanted to be a bird.

1339
01:24:59,920 --> 01:25:02,320
Freedom, freedom, freedom.

1340
01:25:03,200 --> 01:25:08,120
I thought, "Oh, how nice to be a bird.
You can fly wherever you go. "

1341
01:25:08,600 --> 01:25:11,520
I was simply jealous of birds.

1342
01:25:16,240 --> 01:25:19,880
When Anne, Margot, Rachel and
the others arrived at Bergen-Belsen...

1343
01:25:20,080 --> 01:25:21,760
...the camp was overflowing...

1344
01:25:21,880 --> 01:25:24,680
...with new inmates
brought from throughout Europe.

1345
01:25:26,560 --> 01:25:29,800
The barracks being built to
accommodate them were not ready...

1346
01:25:30,000 --> 01:25:33,840
...and they were crammed into
the makeshift shelter of tents.

1347
01:25:35,120 --> 01:25:38,480
On November 7, a violent storm
raged through the camp...

1348
01:25:38,680 --> 01:25:40,920
...destroying many of these.

1349
01:25:41,120 --> 01:25:42,880
Seeking shelter from the rain...

1350
01:25:43,120 --> 01:25:46,320
...Anne and Margot encountered
Lientje and Janny Brilleslijper...

1351
01:25:46,520 --> 01:25:50,720
...the two Dutch sisters whom they
knew from Auschwitz and Westerbork.

1352
01:25:52,080 --> 01:25:53,280
It stormed, it hailed.

1353
01:25:53,480 --> 01:25:55,720
We had walked four kilometers...

1354
01:25:55,920 --> 01:25:58,640
...and we sat together...

1355
01:25:58,840 --> 01:26:00,080
...the two of us...

1356
01:26:00,280 --> 01:26:02,240
...with only our two little faces...

1357
01:26:02,440 --> 01:26:03,840
...sticking out of two blankets.

1358
01:26:04,040 --> 01:26:06,040
Those dark horse blankets...

1359
01:26:06,240 --> 01:26:07,680
...with our heads together...

1360
01:26:07,880 --> 01:26:10,040
...and only our two little faces...

1361
01:26:10,240 --> 01:26:13,360
...like two heaps on a little hill...

1362
01:26:13,560 --> 01:26:14,840
...up against a tree...

1363
01:26:15,040 --> 01:26:16,760
...to stay as dry as possible.

1364
01:26:16,960 --> 01:26:20,320
And four legs came walking up...

1365
01:26:20,520 --> 01:26:23,480
...also with blankets around them...

1366
01:26:23,680 --> 01:26:26,240
...and over their heads.

1367
01:26:26,440 --> 01:26:31,080
And at the same time
as we saw them...

1368
01:26:31,280 --> 01:26:32,920
...we all threw off our blankets
with a shout...

1369
01:26:33,120 --> 01:26:34,760
"Oh, how wonderful
that you are here. "

1370
01:26:34,960 --> 01:26:36,240
How can you find
something wonderful...

1371
01:26:36,440 --> 01:26:38,840
...in the middle
of a concentration camp?

1372
01:26:40,960 --> 01:26:44,800
Deliberately starved, frozen
and racked with disease...

1373
01:26:45,000 --> 01:26:49,720
...Bergen-Belsen was no place to be
in those last months of World War II.

1374
01:26:49,920 --> 01:26:54,480
A wooden barracks was found for
the unfortunate women from Auschwitz.

1375
01:26:54,680 --> 01:26:58,600
But Anne and Margot Frank came to be
in the worst position of all:

1376
01:26:58,800 --> 01:27:03,320
In the lower bunk next to the door.
Incapable of protecting themselves...

1377
01:27:03,520 --> 01:27:07,960
...from the vicious wind that swept
through Bergen-Belsen's barren acres.

1378
01:27:10,120 --> 01:27:13,800
They shouted, "Close the door!
Close the door!

1379
01:27:14,000 --> 01:27:16,800
It is cold! It is cold!
It is cold!"

1380
01:27:19,520 --> 01:27:22,640
And it was terrible for them, of course.

1381
01:27:24,800 --> 01:27:29,760
What did the Frank girls look like
when you saw them in the barracks?

1382
01:27:30,040 --> 01:27:33,880
Very terrible. Terrible. Sick.

1383
01:27:34,080 --> 01:27:37,120
Thin. No hair.

1384
01:27:37,320 --> 01:27:41,680
Their eyes, very big. Very big eyes
because they were so thin.

1385
01:27:49,800 --> 01:27:51,440
Almost impossible to imagine...

1386
01:27:51,640 --> 01:27:54,560
...but there was a time when
the name Bergen-Belsen...

1387
01:27:54,760 --> 01:27:59,040
...brought hope to the eyes of Jews
due to be transported here.

1388
01:28:00,280 --> 01:28:03,520
In the early years, the Nazis
planned it as a camp for Jews...

1389
01:28:03,720 --> 01:28:07,760
...who might be used for exchange
for German prisoners of war.

1390
01:28:08,760 --> 01:28:13,240
In those long ago days, Anne's friend
Lies Goslar had been sent here...

1391
01:28:13,440 --> 01:28:17,200
...with her sister and father, the former
German government minister.

1392
01:28:17,400 --> 01:28:20,280
In 1945, Lies discovered
she was in the compound...

1393
01:28:20,480 --> 01:28:22,840
...next to the Dutch women
from Auschwitz.

1394
01:28:23,040 --> 01:28:25,240
One day, a friend of mine tells me:

1395
01:28:25,480 --> 01:28:29,520
"You know, between all these women,
there is your friend, Anne Frank. "

1396
01:28:29,720 --> 01:28:32,480
I don't know, I felt very crazy...

1397
01:28:32,720 --> 01:28:35,440
...because I was thinking
the whole time:

1398
01:28:35,640 --> 01:28:37,440
"Anne is safe in Switzerland. "

1399
01:28:37,640 --> 01:28:41,360
I was sure of this. This was what
the tenant said to me.

1400
01:28:41,600 --> 01:28:45,000
And so I had no choice to go
also near this barbed wire.

1401
01:28:45,200 --> 01:28:49,920
This was not allowed, and the German
in the watchtower was watching us.

1402
01:28:50,120 --> 01:28:54,960
And you know he would have shot
if he would have caught us.

1403
01:28:55,920 --> 01:29:00,880
So we couldn't see. I told you
there were barbed wire with straw...

1404
01:29:01,120 --> 01:29:04,840
...and we couldn't see the other side.
So I just went near at dark...

1405
01:29:05,040 --> 01:29:09,640
...and I start to call,
"Hello? Hello?" Something like this.

1406
01:29:09,840 --> 01:29:13,920
And who answered me
was Mrs. van Pels.

1407
01:29:15,720 --> 01:29:18,680
Maybe the Dutch women went
near the barbed wire...

1408
01:29:18,880 --> 01:29:22,200
...because the others didn't
know anybody. I don't know.

1409
01:29:22,440 --> 01:29:27,360
I didn't even ask her, "How are you?"
I knew her, but not very good.

1410
01:29:27,680 --> 01:29:31,440
But immediately she said to me,
"You want Anne?" And I said, "Yes. "

1411
01:29:31,640 --> 01:29:35,160
And she says, "You know,
I will call her for you.

1412
01:29:35,360 --> 01:29:38,480
Margot I can't call for you.
She's very sick already.

1413
01:29:38,680 --> 01:29:40,800
But Anne I will call for you. "

1414
01:29:41,000 --> 01:29:44,960
And so I was standing there
in the cold, and I was waiting.

1415
01:29:45,160 --> 01:29:48,840
And then suddenly, I heard
somebody calling me...

1416
01:29:49,040 --> 01:29:52,520
...and it was Anne.
And this was awful.

1417
01:29:53,040 --> 01:29:56,560
The first thing, we both
started to cry. Then I said:

1418
01:29:56,800 --> 01:30:00,280
"What are you doing here?
You are in Switzerland. "

1419
01:30:00,480 --> 01:30:05,240
And she answered me, "We wanted
this rumor to go around...

1420
01:30:05,440 --> 01:30:10,280
...because we hoped then the Germans
will not look after us. "

1421
01:30:11,240 --> 01:30:15,560
And then she said
she had nobody anymore.

1422
01:30:15,920 --> 01:30:20,200
And this was not right, and I am
so very sorry because she said:

1423
01:30:20,400 --> 01:30:23,880
"My mother is dead. " And her mother
really was dead at that moment...

1424
01:30:24,080 --> 01:30:28,520
...but she couldn't know. She was sure
her mother was killed when she left.

1425
01:30:28,720 --> 01:30:32,520
But her mother came out later,
was not killed...

1426
01:30:32,720 --> 01:30:37,600
...she just died of exhaustion
in the beginning of January.

1427
01:30:37,800 --> 01:30:40,760
Her sister, she knew, was
very, very sick already.

1428
01:30:40,960 --> 01:30:42,880
But now her father.

1429
01:30:43,080 --> 01:30:46,280
Look, if it was Mengele
or somebody else...

1430
01:30:46,480 --> 01:30:51,400
...they wouldn't know how old you are.
They would see only naked bodies.

1431
01:30:51,720 --> 01:30:54,760
And Mr. Frank was 55 years old...

1432
01:30:55,000 --> 01:30:58,240
...but he was only one month
in the Dutch camp...

1433
01:30:58,440 --> 01:31:00,880
...so he looked still very good.

1434
01:31:01,080 --> 01:31:05,240
And the Germans just looked and saw
somebody that still can walk...

1435
01:31:05,440 --> 01:31:07,960
...so they sent him
to the right, to live.

1436
01:31:08,160 --> 01:31:12,640
But Anne thought they go by the age,
and she was sure of it.

1437
01:31:12,880 --> 01:31:15,120
"My father is dead. He is an old man. "

1438
01:31:15,320 --> 01:31:20,200
And I always think, if she had known
her father is still alive-

1439
01:31:20,400 --> 01:31:23,920
After her sister died,
she just was without any hope.

1440
01:31:24,160 --> 01:31:27,720
Then maybe she had-
You know, it was only...

1441
01:31:27,920 --> 01:31:31,360
...one month she died before
the liberation.

1442
01:31:31,560 --> 01:31:35,400
But she didn't know, and so she
had really nothing to live for.

1443
01:31:36,880 --> 01:31:40,600
At this time, as a special prisoner
being kept for possible exchange...

1444
01:31:40,800 --> 01:31:44,560
...Lies Goslar received
a parcel from the Red Cross.

1445
01:31:46,280 --> 01:31:50,320
My friends, everybody gave me a glove
or a little sock and a little bread.

1446
01:31:50,520 --> 01:31:54,080
So I came back at night
with such a small package.

1447
01:31:54,320 --> 01:31:57,480
And then I hear her again,
and we were speaking.

1448
01:31:57,680 --> 01:31:59,840
I told her about my little sister.

1449
01:32:00,040 --> 01:32:03,360
I told her my mother wasn't
alive anymore. She didn't know.

1450
01:32:03,560 --> 01:32:07,160
Miep only told her that my-
That the baby died.

1451
01:32:07,360 --> 01:32:09,440
And my father was then
already in hospital.

1452
01:32:09,640 --> 01:32:13,800
He died 25 of February,
and this was before.

1453
01:32:14,040 --> 01:32:16,120
And I throw the package over...

1454
01:32:16,320 --> 01:32:19,480
...and then I heard her
crying or shouting.

1455
01:32:19,680 --> 01:32:22,080
And I couldn't understand.
"What happened?"

1456
01:32:22,280 --> 01:32:25,880
"The lady next to me caught the
package, and she run away with it. "

1457
01:32:26,120 --> 01:32:28,800
And she didn't give her anything.

1458
01:32:29,000 --> 01:32:33,120
I said, "I will try for another time. "
And really, I tried another time.

1459
01:32:33,360 --> 01:32:36,920
And this time she caught the package.

1460
01:32:37,120 --> 01:32:40,040
And it was the last time I saw her.

1461
01:32:44,360 --> 01:32:49,240
More than 50,000 of Bergen-Belsen's
inmates died in 1945...

1462
01:32:49,440 --> 01:32:52,560
...as disease and starvation
ravaged the camp.

1463
01:32:52,760 --> 01:32:56,920
Typhus, carried by lice, was
a particularly horrible killer.

1464
01:32:57,920 --> 01:33:03,960
It is terrible when you
are covered in lice.

1465
01:33:04,160 --> 01:33:09,400
Anne had thrown away her clothes...

1466
01:33:09,600 --> 01:33:11,760
...and she came to us crying...

1467
01:33:11,960 --> 01:33:14,840
...wrapped only in her gray blanket.

1468
01:33:15,040 --> 01:33:16,880
Lientje (my sister) lay sick...

1469
01:33:17,080 --> 01:33:19,880
...and I couldn't do anything...

1470
01:33:20,080 --> 01:33:23,560
...except give Anne
some clothes to wear...

1471
01:33:23,760 --> 01:33:28,360
...and give her some
delousing material.

1472
01:33:28,560 --> 01:33:30,680
And I promised to come
to her the next day...

1473
01:33:30,880 --> 01:33:32,640
...to come to both of them...

1474
01:33:32,840 --> 01:33:34,480
...because she said,
"You have to come.

1475
01:33:34,720 --> 01:33:36,120
Margot is so ill. "

1476
01:33:36,320 --> 01:33:37,600
At that time...

1477
01:33:37,800 --> 01:33:39,760
...Margot was already mortally sick.

1478
01:33:39,960 --> 01:33:42,560
I suppose she also had typhus.

1479
01:33:42,800 --> 01:33:45,280
I'm not sure.

1480
01:33:45,480 --> 01:33:47,920
But the next day,
I couldn't get away...

1481
01:33:48,120 --> 01:33:51,640
...and it took at least four
or five days...

1482
01:33:51,840 --> 01:33:54,000
...before I went to her...

1483
01:33:54,200 --> 01:33:56,000
...and then they were already dead.

1484
01:33:56,200 --> 01:33:58,400
Both dead.

1485
01:34:01,080 --> 01:34:03,280
And all of a sudden...

1486
01:34:04,120 --> 01:34:05,880
...I didn't see them anymore.

1487
01:34:06,080 --> 01:34:09,200
But you would not pay attention.

1488
01:34:10,560 --> 01:34:14,360
The place was empty.
We were sick.

1489
01:34:14,680 --> 01:34:19,240
And when I was ill,
to speak about myself...

1490
01:34:19,440 --> 01:34:22,640
...is why I couldn't pay more
attention than I did.

1491
01:34:22,840 --> 01:34:25,560
They're not there anymore.
They are dead.

1492
01:34:25,760 --> 01:34:30,480
That was that.
Outside in the entry guard...

1493
01:34:30,680 --> 01:34:34,240
...all of them were swept away.
Boom. They are outside.

1494
01:34:39,560 --> 01:34:43,160
I don't know whether I can
talk about it.

1495
01:34:43,360 --> 01:34:47,640
Meat was traded...

1496
01:34:47,840 --> 01:34:52,360
...bodies.

1497
01:34:52,560 --> 01:34:58,440
It's very difficult...

1498
01:34:58,640 --> 01:34:59,760
Leave it.

1499
01:34:59,960 --> 01:35:03,880
I can't say any more.

1500
01:35:04,080 --> 01:35:07,440
The bodies from our barracks...

1501
01:35:07,640 --> 01:35:10,840
...we almost couldn't lift
them anymore.

1502
01:35:11,040 --> 01:35:12,760
They were thrown onto a pile...

1503
01:35:12,960 --> 01:35:15,680
...between the barracks...

1504
01:35:15,880 --> 01:35:18,560
...and inscribed on my eyes...

1505
01:35:18,760 --> 01:35:20,200
...are these people...

1506
01:35:20,400 --> 01:35:22,640
...in every possible position...

1507
01:35:22,840 --> 01:35:24,960
...in every possible form...

1508
01:35:25,160 --> 01:35:27,440
...covered in snow...

1509
01:35:27,640 --> 01:35:29,400
...completely naked...

1510
01:35:29,600 --> 01:35:31,480
...because they would
always be undressed.

1511
01:35:31,680 --> 01:35:34,880
On a pile with wide open eyes.

1512
01:35:35,080 --> 01:35:41,320
We tried to close as many
eyes as possible.

1513
01:35:41,520 --> 01:35:45,960
It didn't always work.

1514
01:35:53,400 --> 01:35:56,600
Bergen-Belsen, as filmed
by British liberators:

1515
01:35:56,800 --> 01:36:00,320
A place where humanity had been
reduced to the worst indignities.

1516
01:36:00,520 --> 01:36:03,120
Cannibalism became
part of a desperate struggle...

1517
01:36:03,320 --> 01:36:06,000
...to quench the most
appalling hunger.

1518
01:36:06,200 --> 01:36:08,120
Only a few hundred yards away...

1519
01:36:08,320 --> 01:36:10,920
...the Germans kept supplies
of food and medicine...

1520
01:36:11,120 --> 01:36:14,480
...while their prisoners died
by the tens of thousands.

1521
01:36:27,760 --> 01:36:31,800
In November 1943, a year
and a half before her death...

1522
01:36:32,000 --> 01:36:34,480
...in the safety of her
Amsterdam hiding place...

1523
01:36:34,680 --> 01:36:39,320
...Anne Frank had a nightmare in which
Hanneli Goslar appeared before her.

1524
01:36:39,520 --> 01:36:43,000
Hanneli Goslar in
a concentration camp.

1525
01:36:44,800 --> 01:36:47,520
"I saw her there, dressed in rags...

1526
01:36:47,720 --> 01:36:50,080
...her face thin and worn.

1527
01:36:50,320 --> 01:36:54,480
She looked at me with such sadness
and reproach in her enormous eyes...

1528
01:36:54,680 --> 01:36:56,800
...that I could read
the message in them:

1529
01:36:57,000 --> 01:37:00,240
'Oh, Anne, why have you deserted me?

1530
01:37:00,440 --> 01:37:05,160
Help me, help me.
Rescue me from this hell. '

1531
01:37:05,400 --> 01:37:09,200
And I can't help her.
I can only stand by and watch...

1532
01:37:09,440 --> 01:37:12,080
...while other people suffer and die.

1533
01:37:12,280 --> 01:37:15,920
All I can do is pray to God
to bring her back to us.

1534
01:37:16,120 --> 01:37:18,160
If only I could help her.

1535
01:37:18,360 --> 01:37:21,840
Dear God, I have everything
I could wish for...

1536
01:37:22,080 --> 01:37:25,440
...while fate has her in
its deadly clutches.

1537
01:37:25,640 --> 01:37:30,360
Hanneli, Hanneli. If only
I could take you away.

1538
01:37:30,560 --> 01:37:33,880
If only I could share
everything I have with you.

1539
01:37:34,080 --> 01:37:37,720
It's too late, but I'll never
forget her again...

1540
01:37:37,920 --> 01:37:42,280
...and I'll always pray for her.
Yours, Anne. "

1541
01:37:44,800 --> 01:37:49,000
She didn't do so much wrong,
you know, if you are in this age.

1542
01:37:49,200 --> 01:37:52,440
But this is one of the reasons
that I tell the story now...

1543
01:37:52,680 --> 01:37:55,040
...because it is the other way around.

1544
01:37:55,240 --> 01:37:57,840
Yes, today I am standing here,
and she is dead.

1545
01:37:58,040 --> 01:38:00,680
And so I am quite obliged
to tell about her.

1546
01:38:00,920 --> 01:38:04,120
And she wanted to be so very famous.

1547
01:38:04,360 --> 01:38:07,960
I can't help a lot of this
but a little bit.

1548
01:38:10,080 --> 01:38:13,800
I think, "What a waste,
such a young life should end...

1549
01:38:14,000 --> 01:38:17,400
...and without any reason. "

1550
01:38:17,600 --> 01:38:21,480
She could really have given
something to the world.

1551
01:38:21,680 --> 01:38:23,200
The whole thing is crazy.

1552
01:38:23,440 --> 01:38:27,440
My father died there one week
after I saw her.

1553
01:38:27,680 --> 01:38:31,880
I don't know.
I cannot judge this whole period.

1554
01:38:32,120 --> 01:38:36,080
Nobody can understand it, I think.
I don't know.

1555
01:38:53,560 --> 01:38:58,120
Auschwitz had been liberated two and
a half months before Bergen-Belsen.

1556
01:38:58,320 --> 01:39:01,640
On a freezing January 27, 1945...

1557
01:39:01,840 --> 01:39:06,240
...a Ukrainian division of the Soviet
army, accompanied by a film crew...

1558
01:39:06,440 --> 01:39:10,120
...arrived at the site of the most
successful mass murder...

1559
01:39:10,320 --> 01:39:12,440
...in mankind's history.

1560
01:39:14,000 --> 01:39:16,760
The last SS guards had already fled...

1561
01:39:17,000 --> 01:39:19,880
...leaving behind only those
too young or infirm...

1562
01:39:20,080 --> 01:39:23,800
...to be led away on the
now-notorious death marches.

1563
01:39:24,160 --> 01:39:27,600
The gassings at Auschwitz had already
stopped the previous November.

1564
01:39:27,840 --> 01:39:29,800
The gas chambers dynamited.

1565
01:39:30,040 --> 01:39:32,640
But in a wild attempt
to cover their tracks...

1566
01:39:32,880 --> 01:39:36,680
...the SS dragged thousands
away with them in desperate flight...

1567
01:39:36,920 --> 01:39:38,800
...in the biting cold.

1568
01:39:39,000 --> 01:39:41,560
Those of the prisoners
who could not keep up...

1569
01:39:41,760 --> 01:39:45,120
...were shot at the side of the road
by their German escort.

1570
01:39:45,320 --> 01:39:49,280
Tens of thousands perished
"somewhere in Europe" of hunger...

1571
01:39:49,480 --> 01:39:53,640
...thirst or exhaustion,
or from an SS bullet.

1572
01:39:54,520 --> 01:39:58,800
Fritz Pfeffer had been amongst those
taken away before the Russians came...

1573
01:39:59,000 --> 01:40:02,000
...to die on December 20, 1944...

1574
01:40:02,240 --> 01:40:05,440
...in Neuengamme
concentration camp in Germany.

1575
01:40:06,120 --> 01:40:09,640
Anne's boyfriend from the days
in the annex, Peter van Pels...

1576
01:40:09,880 --> 01:40:13,440
...was marched out of Auschwitz
by the Germans on January 16...

1577
01:40:13,640 --> 01:40:16,120
...and taken to Mauthausen
death camp in Austria...

1578
01:40:16,320 --> 01:40:19,160
...where he died on May 5, 1945...

1579
01:40:19,360 --> 01:40:23,200
...just three days before
the Americans liberated that camp.

1580
01:40:24,200 --> 01:40:27,640
His mother, Auguste van Pels,
was sent on a crazy journey...

1581
01:40:27,840 --> 01:40:29,920
...across Germany and Czechoslovakia.

1582
01:40:30,120 --> 01:40:33,160
First to Bergen-Belsen,
then to Theresienstadt.

1583
01:40:33,360 --> 01:40:35,240
And in the last days of the Reich...

1584
01:40:35,440 --> 01:40:37,880
...to an unknown camp,
where she too died.

1585
01:40:38,080 --> 01:40:40,640
One of the millions of
anonymous bodies left...

1586
01:40:40,880 --> 01:40:44,920
...by Hitler's failed vision
of a thousand-year empire.

1587
01:40:46,640 --> 01:40:50,640
Otto Frank, weighing less
than 115 pounds...

1588
01:40:50,840 --> 01:40:55,760
...was amongst the lucky few that
the Russians found alive in Auschwitz.

1589
01:41:03,920 --> 01:41:07,640
When he was recovered, Otto wrote
to his mother in Switzerland...

1590
01:41:07,840 --> 01:41:10,400
...where she had lived
since before the war.

1591
01:41:10,640 --> 01:41:13,080
His letters then remained forgotten...

1592
01:41:13,280 --> 01:41:15,960
...in the attic of her home
in Basle for nearly 50 years...

1593
01:41:16,160 --> 01:41:20,720
...until they were discovered
by his nephew in May 1994.

1594
01:41:22,960 --> 01:41:27,680
"Auschwitz, 23 February 1945.

1595
01:41:27,880 --> 01:41:31,440
Dearest Mother: Hopefully these
lines will reach you...

1596
01:41:31,640 --> 01:41:34,080
...bringing you and all
my loved ones the news...

1597
01:41:34,280 --> 01:41:37,080
...that I have been liberated
by the Russians...

1598
01:41:37,280 --> 01:41:40,000
...that I am healthy
and in good spirits...

1599
01:41:40,240 --> 01:41:42,920
...and that I am being
well taken care of.

1600
01:41:43,440 --> 01:41:46,800
I do not know where Edith
and the children are.

1601
01:41:47,000 --> 01:41:51,680
We have been separated
since September 5, 1944.

1602
01:41:51,920 --> 01:41:55,360
I just hope to see them
back in good health.

1603
01:41:55,560 --> 01:42:00,400
I'm longing to see you all again and
hope that this will be possible soon.

1604
01:42:00,600 --> 01:42:03,800
All my love, greetings and kisses.

1605
01:42:04,000 --> 01:42:05,760
Your son, Otto. "

1606
01:42:08,960 --> 01:42:11,680
So it was that Otto Frank,
the only survivor...

1607
01:42:11,880 --> 01:42:14,840
...of the eight who had been
in hiding in Amsterdam...

1608
01:42:15,040 --> 01:42:18,720
...took the long journey back
to his Dutch adopted homeland.

1609
01:42:20,480 --> 01:42:22,480
By May, with the war
in Europe ended...

1610
01:42:22,720 --> 01:42:25,080
...his Russian liberators
had sent him...

1611
01:42:25,280 --> 01:42:27,280
...to the Black Sea port of Odessa.

1612
01:42:27,520 --> 01:42:30,080
There, he was placed on
a New Zealand merchant ship...

1613
01:42:30,320 --> 01:42:32,280
...bound for France.

1614
01:42:34,560 --> 01:42:37,920
"May 26, 1945.

1615
01:42:38,120 --> 01:42:40,480
The steamer Monowai.

1616
01:42:40,680 --> 01:42:43,400
Dearest Mother and all you loved ones:

1617
01:42:43,640 --> 01:42:47,920
Tomorrow we arrive in Marseilles,
and this letter can hopefully be mailed.

1618
01:42:48,120 --> 01:42:50,880
I imagine I will be able
to telegraph you...

1619
01:42:51,080 --> 01:42:54,720
...so that you will get the news
of my return in good health.

1620
01:42:54,920 --> 01:42:57,200
All my hope is the children.

1621
01:42:57,400 --> 01:43:00,320
I cling to the conviction
that they are alive...

1622
01:43:00,520 --> 01:43:03,120
...and that we will be together again.

1623
01:43:03,360 --> 01:43:05,640
Unfortunately, Edith did not survive.

1624
01:43:05,840 --> 01:43:08,520
She died on January 6, 1945...

1625
01:43:08,760 --> 01:43:11,840
...in the hospital, of starvation.

1626
01:43:12,040 --> 01:43:16,000
Her body could not withstand
attack of influenza.

1627
01:43:16,200 --> 01:43:19,280
The closer we get to home,
the more impatient we get...

1628
01:43:19,480 --> 01:43:23,240
...to hear news of our loved ones.

1629
01:43:23,440 --> 01:43:25,800
What happened in all these years!

1630
01:43:26,000 --> 01:43:29,960
We own nothing anymore.
We won't find a pin when we get back.

1631
01:43:30,160 --> 01:43:31,800
Bernd Elias
Otto Frank's nephew

1632
01:43:32,000 --> 01:43:33,920
The Germans stole everything.

1633
01:43:34,120 --> 01:43:37,600
No photograph, letter
or document will remain there.

1634
01:43:37,800 --> 01:43:41,120
Financially, we had no worries
during the last years.

1635
01:43:41,320 --> 01:43:43,760
I earned good money and saved.

1636
01:43:43,960 --> 01:43:46,200
Now all is gone.

1637
01:43:46,400 --> 01:43:48,720
But I don't worry about this.

1638
01:43:48,920 --> 01:43:53,240
We have gone through too much
to worry about things like that.

1639
01:43:53,440 --> 01:43:57,400
Only the children.
The children are what count.

1640
01:43:57,640 --> 01:44:00,280
I hope to get news from you
straightaway.

1641
01:44:00,480 --> 01:44:04,160
Maybe you already have news
of the girls.

1642
01:44:04,360 --> 01:44:08,320
I cannot write about everything
that I am thinking of.

1643
01:44:08,520 --> 01:44:10,400
I have to stay in Holland as...

1644
01:44:10,600 --> 01:44:13,640
...with the exception of a tattooed
number on my arm...

1645
01:44:13,840 --> 01:44:18,280
...I have no papers and therefore
must think of seeing you later.

1646
01:44:18,480 --> 01:44:20,960
The main thing is
that we have contact.

1647
01:44:21,160 --> 01:44:23,720
We hope to see each other soon.

1648
01:44:23,920 --> 01:44:28,840
With innermost greetings
and kisses and love, your Otto. "

1649
01:44:33,840 --> 01:44:38,400
My husband worked on the station...

1650
01:44:38,600 --> 01:44:41,000
Miep Gies

1651
01:44:41,200 --> 01:44:46,160
...registering all the people
who are coming down from...

1652
01:44:47,680 --> 01:44:49,160
...the concentration camps.

1653
01:44:49,360 --> 01:44:51,120
And he ask everyone:

1654
01:44:51,320 --> 01:44:55,840
"Have you seen Mr. Frank?
Have you heard about Mr. Frank?"

1655
01:44:56,040 --> 01:44:59,440
And one day, one evening,
he came home and he said:

1656
01:44:59,640 --> 01:45:04,080
"I have good news for you.
Otto Frank is coming home. "

1657
01:45:04,280 --> 01:45:09,000
And when he said this,
we lived downstairs.

1658
01:45:09,200 --> 01:45:11,120
Mr. Frank came...

1659
01:45:12,440 --> 01:45:16,880
...along the window.

1660
01:45:19,720 --> 01:45:23,160
I ran to the door.

1661
01:45:23,600 --> 01:45:26,480
At first what I ask was:

1662
01:45:26,680 --> 01:45:28,200
"Where's Edith?"

1663
01:45:28,400 --> 01:45:32,080
Otto Frank said to me,
"Edith never come...

1664
01:45:32,280 --> 01:45:35,120
...but I have hope for the children. "

1665
01:45:35,400 --> 01:45:37,840
And he came to us.

1666
01:45:38,040 --> 01:45:41,040
Because he had no house, no nothing...

1667
01:45:41,280 --> 01:45:44,320
...he lived seven years
in our house.

1668
01:45:44,520 --> 01:45:49,480
But the life go on.
We go every day...

1669
01:45:50,280 --> 01:45:52,080
...to the office.

1670
01:45:53,600 --> 01:45:57,560
But I do not give him
the diary of Anne Frank.

1671
01:45:58,720 --> 01:46:00,640
You may not know this...

1672
01:46:00,840 --> 01:46:03,600
...but when he was on the ship...

1673
01:46:03,800 --> 01:46:07,600
...from Odessa to Marseilles...

1674
01:46:07,800 --> 01:46:10,480
...Otto wrote a letter to his mother.

1675
01:46:11,280 --> 01:46:14,240
In that letter he said this:

1676
01:46:14,440 --> 01:46:18,320
"Kugler and Kleiman,
and especially Miep...

1677
01:46:18,520 --> 01:46:23,360
...her husband and Bep Voskuijl
cared for us for two years...

1678
01:46:23,560 --> 01:46:25,640
...with everything we needed...

1679
01:46:25,840 --> 01:46:27,800
...in spite of the dangers...

1680
01:46:28,000 --> 01:46:31,000
...and unprecedented sacrifices
they made.

1681
01:46:31,200 --> 01:46:33,120
One cannot describe it.

1682
01:46:33,320 --> 01:46:37,760
I will never be able to repay
what all these people have done. "

1683
01:46:39,120 --> 01:46:43,040
I never know about this. No.

1684
01:46:43,240 --> 01:46:45,360
That is the first time...

1685
01:46:46,280 --> 01:46:49,560
...I heard it. Thank you.

1686
01:47:00,360 --> 01:47:04,520
While Miep kept the diary secret from
Otto in case Anne should return...

1687
01:47:04,720 --> 01:47:07,360
...he was desperate to find
his daughters.

1688
01:47:08,400 --> 01:47:12,720
He advertised in newspapers
and visited the Dutch Red Cross...

1689
01:47:12,920 --> 01:47:17,680
...asking, always asking
for news of Anne and Margot.

1690
01:47:18,920 --> 01:47:22,680
At the end of July, he was told
that someone knew of their fate.

1691
01:47:22,880 --> 01:47:26,720
In August, he had
the tragic news confirmed.

1692
01:47:28,640 --> 01:47:31,120
He stood on the porch
and rang the bell...

1693
01:47:31,320 --> 01:47:34,120
...and remained standing
on the porch.

1694
01:47:34,320 --> 01:47:37,160
He said, "Are you Janny Brandes?"

1695
01:47:37,400 --> 01:47:38,520
And I said, "Yes. "

1696
01:47:38,720 --> 01:47:41,600
"Can I come in?"

1697
01:47:41,800 --> 01:47:45,080
Because he was
a very polite gentleman.

1698
01:47:45,280 --> 01:47:46,680
He came into the hallway...

1699
01:47:46,880 --> 01:47:51,840
...and remained standing there
and said:

1700
01:47:52,080 --> 01:47:54,760
"What happened to my daughters?

1701
01:47:54,960 --> 01:47:57,480
I am Otto. "

1702
01:47:57,720 --> 01:48:00,160
I could hardly speak...

1703
01:48:00,360 --> 01:48:02,920
...because it was very difficult...

1704
01:48:03,160 --> 01:48:04,200
...to tell someone...

1705
01:48:04,400 --> 01:48:07,760
...that his children were
not alive anymore.

1706
01:48:07,960 --> 01:48:14,280
I said, "They are no more. "

1707
01:48:14,480 --> 01:48:18,240
He turned deathly pale...

1708
01:48:18,440 --> 01:48:21,000
...and slumped down into a chair.

1709
01:48:21,240 --> 01:48:27,640
I just put my arm around him.

1710
01:48:34,320 --> 01:48:36,680
When the girls' death
had been confirmed...

1711
01:48:36,880 --> 01:48:39,600
...Miep gave up the secret
she kept hidden from Otto...

1712
01:48:39,800 --> 01:48:43,760
...since the day of the family's
capture more than a year before.

1713
01:48:44,000 --> 01:48:45,960
From her top drawer, she handed him...

1714
01:48:46,120 --> 01:48:48,400
...three books
and a sheaf of loose papers:

1715
01:48:48,520 --> 01:48:52,160
Anne's diary, which she herself
had never read.

1716
01:48:52,360 --> 01:48:54,720
I took the diary...

1717
01:48:56,240 --> 01:48:58,440
...out of my desk...

1718
01:48:58,640 --> 01:49:01,640
...and gave him it with the words:

1719
01:49:01,840 --> 01:49:05,880
"That is a testament for
your daughter Anne. "

1720
01:49:06,120 --> 01:49:07,880
Can you look?

1721
01:49:08,080 --> 01:49:11,200
Can you see how this man
looked at me?

1722
01:49:11,400 --> 01:49:15,880
Lost his wife.
Lost his two children.

1723
01:49:16,080 --> 01:49:18,040
He had the diary.

1724
01:49:23,640 --> 01:49:27,560
Otto transcribed sections of the diary
for his mother in Switzerland.

1725
01:49:27,760 --> 01:49:29,640
He also started
showing it to friends...

1726
01:49:29,880 --> 01:49:33,600
...seeking their views on what to do
with his daughter's unique legacy.

1727
01:49:33,800 --> 01:49:36,200
They all advised him
to have it published...

1728
01:49:36,400 --> 01:49:38,680
...but his efforts met with no success.

1729
01:49:41,120 --> 01:49:43,800
Then this article, written
by a friend of a friend...

1730
01:49:44,000 --> 01:49:47,400
...appeared in an Amsterdam
paper in April 1946...

1731
01:49:47,600 --> 01:49:50,840
...and finally, a publisher
stepped forward.

1732
01:49:51,120 --> 01:49:55,840
Het Achterhuis, "The Back House, "
appeared in June 1947.

1733
01:49:56,040 --> 01:49:59,200
Initially, it made little impact.
Then in the 1950s...

1734
01:49:59,440 --> 01:50:03,720
...German, French, English and
other translations began to appear.

1735
01:50:05,520 --> 01:50:10,480
In 1955, a stage adaptation opened on
Broadway to a rapturous reception.

1736
01:50:10,800 --> 01:50:14,120
The transformation of the 15-year-old
German-Jewish refugee...

1737
01:50:14,320 --> 01:50:17,760
...into an emblem of the Holocaust
gathered pace.

1738
01:50:18,640 --> 01:50:23,080
A 1959 feature film based on the play
added further to this process.

1739
01:50:23,280 --> 01:50:25,720
To some, she had become
little short of a saint.

1740
01:50:25,920 --> 01:50:29,800
But her diary, at the very least,
had become a publishing phenomenon.

1741
01:50:33,000 --> 01:50:36,840
In 1953, Otto had remarried
and moved to Switzerland.

1742
01:50:37,040 --> 01:50:40,720
In the absence of Anne, he became
the focus for his daughter's celebrity.

1743
01:50:40,920 --> 01:50:45,880
He, in turn, came to symbolize the
perfect father so many children crave.

1744
01:50:48,640 --> 01:50:51,120
Thousands wrote to him
from around the world...

1745
01:50:51,320 --> 01:50:53,760
...and he replied to each
individually.

1746
01:50:53,960 --> 01:50:57,360
If young people are writing to me
after reading the diary...

1747
01:50:57,560 --> 01:50:59,440
Otto Frank
interviewed in 1976

1748
01:50:59,640 --> 01:51:01,160
...I start to think:

1749
01:51:01,360 --> 01:51:04,880
"That is, for me, one of
the most precious. "

1750
01:51:06,800 --> 01:51:09,960
Though Otto developed relationships,
sometimes close ones...

1751
01:51:10,160 --> 01:51:12,200
...with many of the children
who wrote to him...

1752
01:51:12,400 --> 01:51:17,280
...he admitted he never understood
his own daughter in her lifetime.

1753
01:51:19,160 --> 01:51:23,720
Was she in fact the optimist and
cheerful person that he saw as a child?

1754
01:51:24,480 --> 01:51:26,240
She showed herself like that.

1755
01:51:26,440 --> 01:51:30,000
But in fact, I only learned
to know her really...

1756
01:51:30,200 --> 01:51:31,720
...through her diary.

1757
01:51:34,560 --> 01:51:38,840
Throughout these years, one persistent
problem refused to go away:

1758
01:51:39,040 --> 01:51:42,760
Citing differences between different
language versions of the diary...

1759
01:51:42,960 --> 01:51:45,640
...which were never
explained in the various editions...

1760
01:51:45,880 --> 01:51:49,440
...together with further fictional
scenes in the play and film...

1761
01:51:49,640 --> 01:51:51,120
...neo-Nazis around the world...

1762
01:51:51,320 --> 01:51:54,640
...wanting to throw doubt on
the very existence of the Holocaust...

1763
01:51:54,840 --> 01:51:57,520
...alleged that the diary was a hoax.

1764
01:51:57,760 --> 01:52:00,360
Painful and inconclusive
lawsuits followed...

1765
01:52:00,560 --> 01:52:03,480
...but it was only in 1980,
after Otto's death...

1766
01:52:03,680 --> 01:52:08,080
...that the authenticity of the diary
was finally tested scientifically.

1767
01:52:10,240 --> 01:52:14,400
The extensive report by the Netherlands
State Institute for War Documentation...

1768
01:52:14,640 --> 01:52:18,080
...took five years to complete
and was eventually published...

1769
01:52:18,280 --> 01:52:21,360
...with a study of all
the versions of Anne's diary.

1770
01:52:21,560 --> 01:52:26,240
It categorically stated that the diary
was genuine in every respect.

1771
01:52:30,080 --> 01:52:35,000
In 1960, one of Holland's most secret
places became one of its most public.

1772
01:52:35,320 --> 01:52:37,720
The Franks' annex
was opened as a museum...

1773
01:52:37,920 --> 01:52:42,640
...and is now visited by over
600,000 tourists a year.

1774
01:52:43,280 --> 01:52:45,600
Otto also created
charitable foundations...

1775
01:52:45,840 --> 01:52:48,520
...to perpetuate Anne's
message to the world.

1776
01:52:48,720 --> 01:52:50,760
Anne was not simply
to be commemorated...

1777
01:52:50,960 --> 01:52:54,920
...but her short life was to become
a more general force for good.

1778
01:52:56,880 --> 01:53:00,960
To fight against prejudice
and discrimination...

1779
01:53:01,160 --> 01:53:05,920
...and hatred against people
of different race and religion.

1780
01:53:10,800 --> 01:53:13,480
Since 1985, a touring exhibition...

1781
01:53:13,680 --> 01:53:17,960
...telling Anne's life story and its
relevance to current world affairs...

1782
01:53:18,160 --> 01:53:21,760
...has traveled from country to
country, from Moscow to Minneapolis...

1783
01:53:21,960 --> 01:53:24,720
...South America to South Africa.

1784
01:53:25,280 --> 01:53:29,040
It has also shown that the diary
has had some surprising readers...

1785
01:53:29,240 --> 01:53:31,240
...in surprising places.

1786
01:53:32,000 --> 01:53:35,440
During the many years my comrades
and I spent in prison...

1787
01:53:35,640 --> 01:53:37,240
Nelson Mandela
President of South Africa

1788
01:53:37,440 --> 01:53:39,160
Political Prisoner 1964-1990

1789
01:53:39,360 --> 01:53:42,520
...we derived inspiration
from the courage and tenacity...

1790
01:53:42,720 --> 01:53:44,360
...of those who challenge injustice...

1791
01:53:44,560 --> 01:53:48,080
...even under the most
difficult circumstances.

1792
01:53:48,280 --> 01:53:52,560
Some of us read Anne Frank's diary
on Robben Island...

1793
01:53:52,760 --> 01:53:56,440
...and derived much
encouragement from it.

1794
01:53:56,680 --> 01:53:59,000
It's very interesting...

1795
01:54:00,480 --> 01:54:03,560
...the letters of the German children.

1796
01:54:03,760 --> 01:54:06,880
They always ask me everything...

1797
01:54:07,120 --> 01:54:10,440
...because they wrote me:
"My father or grandfather...

1798
01:54:10,640 --> 01:54:14,320
...didn't tell me
anything about the war.

1799
01:54:15,080 --> 01:54:19,480
They say always, 'That is the past.
That is over. "'

1800
01:54:19,680 --> 01:54:21,480
But that is not true.

1801
01:54:21,680 --> 01:54:24,160
The past goes always with you...

1802
01:54:25,240 --> 01:54:28,200
...in your whole life,
and we can learn from the past.

1803
01:54:38,760 --> 01:54:43,120
In 1941, there was a wedding
at Merwedeplein in Amsterdam.

1804
01:54:46,000 --> 01:54:47,480
After filming the street...

1805
01:54:47,720 --> 01:54:50,960
...the cameraman pointed
at the onlookers above.

1806
01:54:51,280 --> 01:54:54,920
There at the window was Anne Frank.

1807
01:54:55,120 --> 01:54:58,240
This is the only known
moving footage of her.

1808
01:55:16,240 --> 01:55:18,480
When she stood at the window
that sunny day in June...

1809
01:55:18,680 --> 01:55:21,280
...it's not surprising that
the 12-year-old Anne Frank...

1810
01:55:21,480 --> 01:55:23,960
...was yet to find her life's purpose.

1811
01:55:24,160 --> 01:55:26,840
But less than three years later,
as she sat caged...

1812
01:55:27,040 --> 01:55:30,000
...in the fragile security
of her hiding place...

1813
01:55:30,240 --> 01:55:32,800
...she had discovered her destiny.

1814
01:55:34,640 --> 01:55:38,080
"Wednesday, April 5, 1944.

1815
01:55:38,280 --> 01:55:40,160
My dearest Kitty:

1816
01:55:40,360 --> 01:55:43,880
I don't want to have lived
in vain like most people.

1817
01:55:44,120 --> 01:55:47,200
I want to be useful or bring
enjoyment to people...

1818
01:55:47,400 --> 01:55:49,480
...even those I've never met.

1819
01:55:49,680 --> 01:55:52,760
I want to go on living,
even after my death.

1820
01:55:52,960 --> 01:55:56,400
And that's why I'm grateful to God
for having given me this gift...

1821
01:55:56,600 --> 01:55:59,440
...which I can use
to develop and to express...

1822
01:55:59,640 --> 01:56:04,600
...all that's inside me.
Yours, Anne M. Frank. "

1823
01:56:05,305 --> 01:57:05,223
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