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♪

2
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what makes this scroll so different than the rest?

3
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We have descriptions of treasures.

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Does the scroll give a value for the treasure?

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$1 billion dollar.

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A billion dollars of treasure?

7
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65 bars of gold

8
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are located at the sharp edge of the rock.

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"sharp edge of the rock." yes.

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There's a lot of sharp rocks in jordan.

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♪

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you see that? Oh, my god!

13
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That's writing!

14
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Look at that -- more pottery.

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You think this could be the place?

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I'm positive.

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This is amazing.

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Oh, my god!

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♪

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my name is josh gates...

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Look! [ laughs ]

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...Explorer, adventurer...

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That is it!

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...And a guy who ends up in some very strange situations.

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Ah, ah, aah, haa!

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With a degree in archaeology

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and a passion for the unexplained,

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I travel to the ends of the earth,

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investigating the greatest legends in history.

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Okay, let's punch it.

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This is "expedition unknown."

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-- captions by vitac -- www.Vitac.Com

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♪

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the dead sea scrolls --

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one of the greatest discoveries ever made

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in the field of archaeology...

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Captions paid for by discovery communications

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...Over 900 manuscripts found in ceramic jars

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in the caves of qumran in israel,

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containing the earliest known copies of the old testament,

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as well as two-millennia-old stories

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not found anywhere in the bible.

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Since their discovery in 1946,

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scientists and scholars have been obsessed

45
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with unlocking their secrets.

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Still, the questions remain --

47
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who wrote them?

48
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And perhaps most tantalizing,

49
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are there more out there to be found?

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♪

51
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to get answers, I travel to israel

52
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to see the scrolls firsthand...

53
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This is our oldest source for the complete ten commandments.

54
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Yes. Wow.

55
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...And received rare access to learn how researchers

56
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are working to preserve these priceless treasures.

57
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What we're seeing here is a multispectral-imaging system.

58
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That is unbelievable.

59
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It's like a magic trick.

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♪

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then, I ventured into the desert region of qumran

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to join archaeologist oren gutfeld at the caves

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where all of the scrolls were found.

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There -- more than 15,000 fragments were found inside.

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Oren recently discovered a new scroll,

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the first in 70 years,

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and we were on hand

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for the discovery of a newly-found chamber.

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The cave continues.

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Gates: [ laughs ]

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that's a literal secret chamber.

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The scrolls were written 2,000 years ago,

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and ancient ruins below the caves reveal

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that some of the parchments were likely written

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by a jewish sect called the essenes,

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but other scrolls were likely transported to the caves by jews

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fleeing the roman occupation of jerusalem

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and their destruction of the second temple,

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where sacred documents were almost certainly stored.

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Oren guided me to a remote ancient city known as beit lei,

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where the jews fleeing from the romans dug secret tunnels

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in an effort to hide themselves and perhaps even more scrolls.

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Hey, josh. Look.

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Unbelievable!

85
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Does it go somewhere? Let's check.

86
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Ah ha! [ grunts ]

87
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now we've unsealed a chamber deep underground,

88
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and we seem to have found evidence

89
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that this may be just the place we're looking for.

90
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Wow. Look at this.

91
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Come here. Come here. Look. There's pottery.

92
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Gates: You see it?

93
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This is a body shard of a cooking pot.

94
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So people were probably living in rooms like this.

95
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Yes. This is huge,

96
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sobering evidence that hebrew refugees

97
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fleeing the roman conquest of jerusalem

98
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didn't just hide in these chambers.

99
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They lived here, and they may have brought

100
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their greatest treasures with them.

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Oh, look at that!

102
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Look at that!

103
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An oil lamp. It's an oil lamp.

104
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Yes, and complete.

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Oh, my god.

106
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♪

107
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it's an indescribable feeling to hold an artifact like this

108
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knowing that the last person to touch it

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lived over 2,000 years ago.

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♪

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and you can see right there, where it was burned.

112
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Yes. This is typical

113
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late-second-temple-period oil lamp.

114
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This would have been used by somebody

115
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from the time of the scrolls

116
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in this otherwise terrifying darkness

117
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to provide a little bit of light.

118
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You can see the soot.

119
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Look at that, all the burn marks.

120
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I mean, that is really like time traveling.

121
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That connects you to the past.

122
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Yep.

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♪

124
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there really must have been this whole kind of community

125
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of people down here, but no sign of scrolls.

126
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Yes, organic materials,

127
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and some of that may have to do with the climate.

128
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Maybe they hide scrolls in this area

129
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and they just evaporated. -Yeah.

130
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One of the big differences between here and qumran,

131
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as I sweat through this shirt,

132
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it's much more humid here.

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That's correct.

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The dead sea scrolls were written on parchment or papyrus,

135
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both organic materials that degrade

136
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with exposure to air and humidity.

137
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Oren believes this chamber is too damp

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to have preserved them like the ones in qumran.

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Except one of the scrolls that could have survived.

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Which one? The copper scroll.

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The copper scroll?

142
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Discovered in 1952 in a qumran cave

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where parchment scrolls had been found years earlier,

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the copper scroll is different.

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As its name suggests, it was inscribed on a thin sheet

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of almost pure copper.

147
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Even stranger is what's written on it.

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So, it's not passages from the hebrew bible?

149
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That's correct. It's a description

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of where a huge amount of treasures

151
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were hidden in the desert.

152
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So, it's more like a treasure map?

153
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It's like a treasure map, but you need to solve a riddle

154
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in order to find the treasure.

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Nothing's ever easy in this business.

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♪

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and to make things even more difficult,

158
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unlike the rest of the scrolls

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which are stored in israeli facilities,

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the copper scroll isn't in this country at all.

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So, I bid farewell to oren to chase a new dream,

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one etched in copper.

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♪

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to find out if the copper scroll leads to an ancient fortune,

165
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I leave israel for neighboring jordan,

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where the scroll is kept under lock and key.

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♪

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when people think of the capital of a kingdom,

169
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they probably don't picture amman.

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It is, after all, one of the most cosmopolitan cities

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in the middle east, spreading out across seven hills

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in waves of cream-colored buildings,

173
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but don't let the modern architecture

174
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and bustling streets fool you.

175
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There's history here, too --

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ancient history.

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♪

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welcome to philadelphia.

179
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Well, that's what the greeks called this place

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when they ran it over 2,200 years ago,

181
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but don't bother going to look for a good cheesesteak.

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The romans took over in 63 bce,

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built the city of jerash

184
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and stayed for over four centuries.

185
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Ever since, though, jordan has been an islamic kingdom,

186
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an enduring jewel in the ruins of older empires.

187
00:07:32,680 --> 00:07:35,220
Much of their history, including the copper scroll,

188
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is housed in the jordan archaeological museum,

189
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but getting there is easier said than done.

190
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This sucks.

191
00:07:43,330 --> 00:07:45,630
[ car horn honks ]

192
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any -- any -- no, nothing.

193
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It's just gridlock.

194
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In amman, a bustling metropolis

195
00:07:51,270 --> 00:07:52,830
of more than four million people,

196
00:07:52,840 --> 00:07:56,800
21st-century traffic merges onto 10th-century roadways.

197
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I just wish I could travel these streets

198
00:07:58,210 --> 00:08:00,640
the way the romans did a few thousand years ago.

199
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♪

200
00:08:08,450 --> 00:08:16,260
♪

201
00:08:16,260 --> 00:08:18,330
this is what I'm talking about --

202
00:08:18,330 --> 00:08:22,260
power steering, panoramic sunroof,

203
00:08:22,260 --> 00:08:24,660
plenty of horsepower under the hood.

204
00:08:24,670 --> 00:08:26,730
The emissions are a bit rough, though.

205
00:08:26,740 --> 00:08:29,440
[ coughs ] god, what are you guys eating?

206
00:08:29,440 --> 00:08:31,100
Come on. [ clicking tongue ] hyah!

207
00:08:31,110 --> 00:08:33,540
♪

208
00:08:33,540 --> 00:08:35,240
all right. I got to find an off-ramp around here.

209
00:08:35,240 --> 00:08:36,380
Hyah!

210
00:08:36,380 --> 00:08:38,380
♪

211
00:08:38,380 --> 00:08:40,710
ah! It was all a dream.

212
00:08:40,720 --> 00:08:42,020
[ engine idling ]

213
00:08:42,020 --> 00:08:44,180
[ car horn honks ] come on.

214
00:08:44,190 --> 00:08:46,390
♪

215
00:08:46,390 --> 00:08:50,290
an hour later, I arrive for a meeting with dr. Omar al-ghul

216
00:08:50,290 --> 00:08:54,790
to ask him about the museum's most famous artifact,

217
00:08:54,800 --> 00:08:57,300
the mysterious copper scroll.

218
00:08:57,300 --> 00:08:58,570
Doctor. Hello.

219
00:08:58,570 --> 00:08:59,730
Pleasure to meet you,

220
00:08:59,740 --> 00:09:02,000
and thank you so much for taking the time.

221
00:09:02,000 --> 00:09:04,070
I appreciate it. Yeah, my pleasure.

222
00:09:04,070 --> 00:09:05,540
This is it? Yes, it is.

223
00:09:05,540 --> 00:09:07,340
This is the copper scroll.

224
00:09:07,340 --> 00:09:14,210
♪

225
00:09:14,220 --> 00:09:17,050
what makes this scroll so different than the rest?

226
00:09:17,050 --> 00:09:18,750
At 2,000 years ago,

227
00:09:18,750 --> 00:09:20,820
people used to write on papyri...

228
00:09:20,820 --> 00:09:22,660
Mm-hmm. ...Used to write on parchment.

229
00:09:22,660 --> 00:09:28,130
Very, very rarely find things hammered into metal.

230
00:09:28,130 --> 00:09:30,730
Copper is an extremely malleable metal,

231
00:09:30,730 --> 00:09:34,370
allowing scribes to cut letters into its surface.

232
00:09:34,370 --> 00:09:37,000
But when the scroll was discovered in 1952

233
00:09:37,010 --> 00:09:38,640
at the same caves in qumran

234
00:09:38,640 --> 00:09:40,540
where the other scrolls were hidden,

235
00:09:40,540 --> 00:09:44,710
oxidation had made this unique document dangerously brittle.

236
00:09:44,710 --> 00:09:47,280
And was it literally rolled up like a scroll?

237
00:09:47,280 --> 00:09:48,650
Yes, exactly,

238
00:09:48,650 --> 00:09:52,220
which makes us wonder why would one do that?

239
00:09:52,220 --> 00:09:53,920
Why would you write something

240
00:09:53,920 --> 00:09:56,320
and then make sure nobody can read it?

241
00:09:56,330 --> 00:09:58,660
Right. I mean, I would think maybe you would do that

242
00:09:58,660 --> 00:10:01,560
if it was a holy document of some kind

243
00:10:01,560 --> 00:10:04,130
that was meant to be venerated but not read

244
00:10:04,130 --> 00:10:06,230
or if it was something secret.

245
00:10:06,230 --> 00:10:07,530
Exactly.

246
00:10:07,540 --> 00:10:09,170
♪

247
00:10:09,170 --> 00:10:11,340
archaeologists knew that whatever was hidden

248
00:10:11,340 --> 00:10:13,270
on the inside of the copper scroll

249
00:10:13,280 --> 00:10:14,710
had to be special,

250
00:10:14,710 --> 00:10:17,010
but because it was too fragile to unroll,

251
00:10:17,010 --> 00:10:19,150
the decision was made in the 1950s

252
00:10:19,150 --> 00:10:22,920
to reveal the text by cutting it into strips.

253
00:10:22,920 --> 00:10:25,520
In and of itself, that's a very stressful decision...

254
00:10:25,520 --> 00:10:26,920
Sure. ...Because you're purposely

255
00:10:26,920 --> 00:10:28,220
damaging the scroll now.

256
00:10:28,220 --> 00:10:32,760
And because in such cases, you have no previous experience.

257
00:10:32,760 --> 00:10:35,330
This truly is a one-of-a-kind artifact.

258
00:10:35,330 --> 00:10:36,860
Yes, definitely.

259
00:10:36,870 --> 00:10:39,400
It's not just unique because it's made of metal,

260
00:10:39,400 --> 00:10:42,970
but what's written on it is really unusual, too.

261
00:10:42,970 --> 00:10:48,710
Here we have lists, descriptions of treasure.

262
00:10:48,710 --> 00:10:51,240
The scroll lists instructions on where to find

263
00:10:51,250 --> 00:10:55,580
64 caches of gold, silver, and jewels.

264
00:10:55,580 --> 00:10:58,690
Some of them mention places in jordan, like mount nebo,

265
00:10:58,690 --> 00:11:02,390
but most of the clues are maddeningly vague.

266
00:11:02,390 --> 00:11:04,560
"in the ruin that is in the valley of achor,

267
00:11:04,560 --> 00:11:07,730
under the stairs, under a hill that must be climbed,

268
00:11:07,730 --> 00:11:10,560
hidden under the east side 40 cubits deep

269
00:11:10,570 --> 00:11:12,500
is a silver chest and its vessels

270
00:11:12,500 --> 00:11:15,540
with a weight of 17 talents."

271
00:11:15,540 --> 00:11:19,370
a talent is an ancient measure equal to about 75 pounds,

272
00:11:19,370 --> 00:11:22,480
so 1,275 pounds of riches

273
00:11:22,480 --> 00:11:26,310
are hidden somewhere in the valley of achor,

274
00:11:26,310 --> 00:11:28,010
and that's just one of the treasures

275
00:11:28,020 --> 00:11:29,580
listed on the scroll.

276
00:11:29,580 --> 00:11:32,250
Does the scroll give a value for the treasure?

277
00:11:32,250 --> 00:11:33,750
By today's prices,

278
00:11:33,760 --> 00:11:36,490
that would be something like $1 billion.

279
00:11:36,490 --> 00:11:37,860
A billion dollars... Yes.

280
00:11:37,860 --> 00:11:39,630
...Of treasure. Oh, boy.

281
00:11:39,630 --> 00:11:44,330
♪

282
00:11:50,640 --> 00:11:54,910
♪

283
00:11:54,910 --> 00:11:56,480
gates: In the jordan museum of amman

284
00:11:56,480 --> 00:11:59,880
sits the most unique of the dead sea scrolls,

285
00:11:59,880 --> 00:12:02,420
the so-called copper scroll,

286
00:12:02,420 --> 00:12:03,950
with directions to a treasure

287
00:12:03,950 --> 00:12:07,490
potentially worth a billion dollars.

288
00:12:07,490 --> 00:12:09,020
So, what are some of the theories

289
00:12:09,020 --> 00:12:11,190
as to where this treasure might have come from?

290
00:12:11,190 --> 00:12:13,190
The most common theory is that

291
00:12:13,200 --> 00:12:18,130
the treasures came from the second temple in jerusalem.

292
00:12:18,130 --> 00:12:21,530
The second temple was the center of jewish life in jerusalem,

293
00:12:21,540 --> 00:12:23,740
a religious compound containing an archive

294
00:12:23,740 --> 00:12:25,410
of writing and scrolls

295
00:12:25,410 --> 00:12:29,180
and also a treasury of silver and gold.

296
00:12:29,180 --> 00:12:31,640
When the romans destroyed the second temple of jerusalem

297
00:12:31,650 --> 00:12:32,910
in the year 70,

298
00:12:32,910 --> 00:12:35,520
jewish refugees may have scattered into the desert

299
00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:37,480
with its most precious items.

300
00:12:37,490 --> 00:12:40,990
Do you think there's a chance that this treasure is out there

301
00:12:40,990 --> 00:12:42,790
somewhere waiting to be found?

302
00:12:42,790 --> 00:12:43,990
Yes.

303
00:12:43,990 --> 00:12:47,730
They invested time and effort and expertise

304
00:12:47,730 --> 00:12:49,760
in hammering that scroll.

305
00:12:55,640 --> 00:12:56,800
It's weird.

306
00:12:56,810 --> 00:12:58,640
It's like everything about this is mysterious.

307
00:12:58,640 --> 00:13:01,980
It's like a treasure map without a good place to start.

308
00:13:01,980 --> 00:13:03,210
Exactly.

309
00:13:03,210 --> 00:13:05,710
To seek the treasure behind the copper scroll,

310
00:13:05,710 --> 00:13:08,520
my first step is to talk with a leading archaeologist

311
00:13:08,520 --> 00:13:10,620
about where the scroll was created...

312
00:13:10,620 --> 00:13:13,250
♪

313
00:13:13,260 --> 00:13:16,660
...And tracking him down is an expedition in and of itself,

314
00:13:16,660 --> 00:13:18,560
starting with a three-hour drive

315
00:13:18,560 --> 00:13:20,860
into the scorching jordanian desert.

316
00:13:20,860 --> 00:13:22,930
♪

317
00:13:22,930 --> 00:13:24,760
there, hidden in the sands,

318
00:13:24,770 --> 00:13:28,330
is a secret that was guarded for thousands of years.

319
00:13:28,340 --> 00:13:38,310
♪

320
00:13:38,310 --> 00:13:41,010
this narrow slot canyon is known as the siq,

321
00:13:41,020 --> 00:13:43,420
and it's a secret passage of sorts...

322
00:13:43,420 --> 00:13:45,650
♪

323
00:13:45,650 --> 00:13:47,750
...But for centuries, it's very existence

324
00:13:47,760 --> 00:13:50,190
was forgotten by the outside world.

325
00:13:50,190 --> 00:13:53,860
But in 1812, a swiss explorer named johann burckhardt

326
00:13:53,860 --> 00:13:56,730
took it upon himself to learn perfect arabic

327
00:13:56,730 --> 00:13:59,300
and adopt a disguise that was convincing enough

328
00:13:59,300 --> 00:14:01,000
that it fooled local bedouins

329
00:14:01,000 --> 00:14:03,940
into revealing the location of the gorge,

330
00:14:03,940 --> 00:14:05,640
and what he found at the other end

331
00:14:05,640 --> 00:14:07,610
is nothing short of wondrous.

332
00:14:07,610 --> 00:14:12,480
♪

333
00:14:12,480 --> 00:14:14,550
the lost city of petra.

334
00:14:14,550 --> 00:14:21,320
♪

335
00:14:21,320 --> 00:14:22,760
whether or not you've been here personally,

336
00:14:22,760 --> 00:14:26,060
almost everybody knows petra because of this one building.

337
00:14:26,060 --> 00:14:28,630
It's called the treasury, and it was famously cast

338
00:14:28,630 --> 00:14:31,360
as the fictional hiding place of the holy grail

339
00:14:31,370 --> 00:14:33,770
in "indiana jones and the last crusade."

340
00:14:33,770 --> 00:14:36,140
but when it comes to petra, the treasury here,

341
00:14:36,140 --> 00:14:37,340
it's just the front door.

342
00:14:37,340 --> 00:14:42,010
♪

343
00:14:42,010 --> 00:14:44,240
petra was a major center of commerce,

344
00:14:44,250 --> 00:14:49,380
featuring royal palaces, tombs, a monastery,

345
00:14:49,380 --> 00:14:52,220
aqueducts, and even a massive theater,

346
00:14:52,220 --> 00:14:55,190
all sculpted into the sheer sandstone cliffs.

347
00:14:55,190 --> 00:14:57,490
♪

348
00:14:57,490 --> 00:15:00,060
all of this was created by the nabateans,

349
00:15:00,060 --> 00:15:04,000
nomads who came in out of the desert in about 400 bce

350
00:15:04,000 --> 00:15:05,730
to create a trade empire

351
00:15:05,730 --> 00:15:08,900
that stretched from rome to india to egypt.

352
00:15:08,900 --> 00:15:14,010
They were at the center of it all, and they cleaned up.

353
00:15:14,010 --> 00:15:15,170
The nabateans were among

354
00:15:15,180 --> 00:15:17,380
the wealthiest people in the region,

355
00:15:17,380 --> 00:15:20,010
but could they be the source of the lost treasure,

356
00:15:20,020 --> 00:15:24,120
and could they have crafted the copper scroll?

357
00:15:24,120 --> 00:15:25,590
I'm about to ask an archaeologist

358
00:15:25,590 --> 00:15:28,860
who's also an expert in mining and metallurgy,

359
00:15:28,860 --> 00:15:30,920
dr. Mohammad al-najjar.

360
00:15:30,930 --> 00:15:32,930
This is, like, the most dramatic place

361
00:15:32,930 --> 00:15:34,290
in the world you could meet someone.

362
00:15:34,300 --> 00:15:35,700
It is really impressive.

363
00:15:35,700 --> 00:15:39,100
So, let's talk about the copper scroll.

364
00:15:39,100 --> 00:15:40,900
Let's start with the material itself.

365
00:15:40,900 --> 00:15:44,200
Obviously extremely unusual to find something like this

366
00:15:44,210 --> 00:15:45,540
printed on metal.

367
00:15:45,540 --> 00:15:48,170
Could that copper have come from here, in what's now jordan?

368
00:15:48,180 --> 00:15:52,210
Yes, because 10 miles from here, we documented, actually,

369
00:15:52,210 --> 00:15:56,420
more than 300 copper mines.

370
00:15:56,420 --> 00:15:58,790
Are there any places that are in what is now jordan

371
00:15:58,790 --> 00:16:00,350
mentioned in the copper scroll?

372
00:16:00,360 --> 00:16:03,290
Several places, including mount nebo.

373
00:16:03,290 --> 00:16:04,720
♪

374
00:16:04,730 --> 00:16:07,190
the copper scroll was found in what is now occupied

375
00:16:07,200 --> 00:16:08,730
by modern-day israel,

376
00:16:08,730 --> 00:16:12,530
here in a cave in qumran with the other dead sea scrolls.

377
00:16:12,530 --> 00:16:15,030
But one of the only landmarks to which it refers

378
00:16:15,040 --> 00:16:18,040
is actually on the eastern side of the dead sea,

379
00:16:18,040 --> 00:16:19,570
in modern-day jordan,

380
00:16:19,570 --> 00:16:23,240
which means the treasure could be on this side of the border.

381
00:16:23,240 --> 00:16:24,940
How much of these canyons

382
00:16:24,950 --> 00:16:26,850
and these caves on the jordanian side

383
00:16:26,850 --> 00:16:28,780
have been systematically explored?

384
00:16:28,780 --> 00:16:32,190
Some of them have been explored, but not all of them.

385
00:16:32,190 --> 00:16:35,560
My plan is to go and to look at some of these places

386
00:16:35,560 --> 00:16:38,020
and to talk to the locals.

387
00:16:38,030 --> 00:16:39,630
And how far away is this area?

388
00:16:39,630 --> 00:16:42,700
It's about 60 miles from here to the desert.

389
00:16:42,700 --> 00:16:45,430
Do you have a good car, 4x4 car?

390
00:16:45,430 --> 00:16:46,530
Yeah.

391
00:16:46,530 --> 00:16:48,800
You'll be driving.

392
00:16:48,800 --> 00:16:49,870
Okay, sure.

393
00:16:49,870 --> 00:16:51,300
Lead the way.

394
00:16:51,310 --> 00:16:52,910
I'll drive.

395
00:16:52,910 --> 00:16:57,610
♪

396
00:16:57,610 --> 00:17:00,850
okay, out of petra.

397
00:17:00,850 --> 00:17:03,020
We head for the highway toward the low deserts

398
00:17:03,020 --> 00:17:05,620
on the jordanian side of the dead sea.

399
00:17:05,620 --> 00:17:09,060
There may be a billion dollars hidden somewhere out in the sand

400
00:17:09,060 --> 00:17:11,990
that has gone unclaimed for 2,000 years,

401
00:17:11,990 --> 00:17:16,230
and dr. Najjar thinks he knows why.

402
00:17:16,230 --> 00:17:19,770
Let's start with talking about the clues in the copper scroll.

403
00:17:19,770 --> 00:17:20,830
Okay.

404
00:17:20,840 --> 00:17:22,600
They are very vague.

405
00:17:22,600 --> 00:17:25,070
♪

406
00:17:25,070 --> 00:17:28,340
we have, "six silver bars are located

407
00:17:28,340 --> 00:17:30,780
at the sharp edge of the rock

408
00:17:30,780 --> 00:17:34,710
which is under the eastern wall in the cistern."

409
00:17:34,720 --> 00:17:35,880
"sharp edge of the rock." yes.

410
00:17:35,880 --> 00:17:37,720
There's a lot of sharp rocks in jordan.

411
00:17:37,720 --> 00:17:39,850
♪

412
00:17:39,850 --> 00:17:43,590
we have to remember that we are talking about clues

413
00:17:43,590 --> 00:17:46,360
that existed 2,000 years ago.

414
00:17:46,360 --> 00:17:48,760
So, those landmarks mentioned in the copper scroll,

415
00:17:48,760 --> 00:17:50,300
they might not even be there anymore.

416
00:17:50,300 --> 00:17:54,600
Exactly, so we need to find some people

417
00:17:54,600 --> 00:17:57,270
who might know some of these places,

418
00:17:57,270 --> 00:18:01,440
those people who were the first to find the qumran scroll.

419
00:18:01,440 --> 00:18:05,240
I'm talking about the bedouins.

420
00:18:05,250 --> 00:18:08,110
They know the landscape better than anybody else

421
00:18:08,120 --> 00:18:10,820
because they have been there forever.

422
00:18:10,820 --> 00:18:13,350
Okay, so the question is, how do we reach the bedouins?

423
00:18:13,350 --> 00:18:15,860
That's why we need the 4x4.

424
00:18:15,860 --> 00:18:18,760
Right, off-roading into the desert.

425
00:18:18,760 --> 00:18:20,860
Into the desert.

426
00:18:20,860 --> 00:18:24,300
We veer from the paved road to no road.

427
00:18:24,300 --> 00:18:30,940
♪

428
00:18:30,940 --> 00:18:34,640
♪ into the road, don't brake too soon ♪

429
00:18:34,640 --> 00:18:35,910
okay.

430
00:18:35,910 --> 00:18:40,610
♪ generation meltdown, little boy blues ♪

431
00:18:40,620 --> 00:18:44,380
♪ walk tall, don't slip and slide ♪

432
00:18:44,390 --> 00:18:46,550
♪ don't slip and slide ♪

433
00:18:46,550 --> 00:18:47,950
sorry.

434
00:18:47,960 --> 00:18:50,860
While dr. Najjar knows the direction of the bedouin camp,

435
00:18:50,860 --> 00:18:54,360
navigating through sand dunes is an inexact science.

436
00:18:54,360 --> 00:18:56,260
There's not much of a road here, doc.

437
00:18:56,260 --> 00:18:57,700
Are you sure you know where you're going?

438
00:18:57,700 --> 00:18:59,900
Yeah, just follow the sun.

439
00:18:59,900 --> 00:19:02,440
"follow the sun," the original google maps.

440
00:19:02,440 --> 00:19:08,740
♪

441
00:19:08,740 --> 00:19:11,110
ooh, nature's speed bump.

442
00:19:11,110 --> 00:19:12,410
[ goats bleating ]

443
00:19:12,410 --> 00:19:14,780
♪

444
00:19:14,780 --> 00:19:16,550
mr. Najjar, what's the etiquette here

445
00:19:16,550 --> 00:19:17,920
when you have goats in the road?

446
00:19:17,920 --> 00:19:19,590
They have the right of way.

447
00:19:19,590 --> 00:19:20,850
Always.

448
00:19:20,860 --> 00:19:22,090
And if not, you have dinner.

449
00:19:22,090 --> 00:19:24,260
♪

450
00:19:24,260 --> 00:19:26,290
okay, just let him go.

451
00:19:26,290 --> 00:19:27,890
After you, please.

452
00:19:27,900 --> 00:19:30,330
♪

453
00:19:30,330 --> 00:19:31,660
[ goat bleats ]

454
00:19:31,670 --> 00:19:33,630
♪

455
00:19:33,640 --> 00:19:35,070
our guiding light, the sun,

456
00:19:35,070 --> 00:19:37,500
is dropping toward the horizon in a hurry.

457
00:19:37,510 --> 00:19:39,970
We can't afford any more delays.

458
00:19:39,970 --> 00:19:41,940
You know, it is going to be dark soon, doc.

459
00:19:41,940 --> 00:19:44,280
So we need to just speed up.

460
00:19:44,280 --> 00:19:45,680
Speed up?

461
00:19:45,680 --> 00:19:49,050
That's no simple task in jordan's loose sands,

462
00:19:49,050 --> 00:19:52,350
but with daylight fading and no bedouin camp in sight,

463
00:19:52,350 --> 00:19:54,350
I push the 4x4 to its limits...

464
00:19:54,360 --> 00:19:57,260
♪

465
00:19:57,260 --> 00:19:59,760
...And the desert pushes back.

466
00:19:59,760 --> 00:20:01,360
Hmm, stuck in the sand.

467
00:20:01,360 --> 00:20:05,330
[ engine revving ]

468
00:20:05,330 --> 00:20:07,430
[ engine stalls ]

469
00:20:13,740 --> 00:20:17,040
♪

470
00:20:17,050 --> 00:20:19,050
gates: In search of an ancient fortune,

471
00:20:19,050 --> 00:20:21,380
archaeologist mohammad al-najjar and I

472
00:20:21,380 --> 00:20:25,420
are following clues inscribed in a copper dead sea scroll.

473
00:20:25,420 --> 00:20:28,620
Dr. Najjar believes a tribe of bedouin people may know

474
00:20:28,620 --> 00:20:32,990
the cryptic locations described in the 2,000-year-old text.

475
00:20:32,990 --> 00:20:35,530
We need to reach their camp before sundown,

476
00:20:35,530 --> 00:20:39,900
♪

477
00:20:39,900 --> 00:20:41,800
but the desert doesn't give a damn.

478
00:20:43,570 --> 00:20:45,100
[ engine revs ]

479
00:20:45,110 --> 00:20:46,410
[ engine stalls ]

480
00:20:46,410 --> 00:20:47,510
hmm, stuck in the sand.

481
00:20:47,510 --> 00:20:50,480
[ gearshift clicks ]

482
00:20:50,480 --> 00:20:53,310
great, now we're going to die in the desert.

483
00:20:53,310 --> 00:20:56,480
To avoid that fate, we start digging out the 4x4,

484
00:20:56,480 --> 00:20:58,920
although we are lacking some essential equipment.

485
00:20:58,920 --> 00:21:03,090
You don't have a shovel, so we'll do it by hand.

486
00:21:03,090 --> 00:21:05,220
Today's travel tip is...

487
00:21:05,230 --> 00:21:07,390
Always pack a shovel.

488
00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:10,700
And then, when all seems lost,

489
00:21:10,700 --> 00:21:12,670
a desert miracle appears.

490
00:21:12,670 --> 00:21:13,970
♪

491
00:21:13,970 --> 00:21:15,470
gates: Doctor, I see a mirage.

492
00:21:15,470 --> 00:21:17,140
Hi. How are you?

493
00:21:17,140 --> 00:21:18,870
Man: Welcome jordan. Thank you very much.

494
00:21:18,870 --> 00:21:20,010
I'm having a great time.

495
00:21:20,010 --> 00:21:21,240
You don't have a shovel, do you?

496
00:21:21,240 --> 00:21:22,710
[ speaking native language ]

497
00:21:22,710 --> 00:21:25,510
he suggests that he can pull it out?

498
00:21:25,510 --> 00:21:26,810
With what?

499
00:21:26,810 --> 00:21:28,850
Gates: Our savior is a bedouin shepherd,

500
00:21:28,850 --> 00:21:32,120
one of the nomads of the jordanian desert.

501
00:21:32,120 --> 00:21:35,250
Where'd this guy come from?

502
00:21:35,260 --> 00:21:38,160
He knows these sand dunes like a fish knows water

503
00:21:38,160 --> 00:21:41,130
and advises us to stuff loose brush under the tires

504
00:21:41,130 --> 00:21:43,760
so we can get traction to pull ourselves loose.

505
00:21:43,770 --> 00:21:44,930
[ gearshift clicks ]

506
00:21:44,930 --> 00:21:46,930
[ engine revs ]

507
00:21:46,930 --> 00:21:47,930
najjar: Yeah, that's it.

508
00:21:47,940 --> 00:21:49,470
That's it. That's it.

509
00:21:49,470 --> 00:21:50,770
With help from our new friend,

510
00:21:50,770 --> 00:21:54,270
we free ourselves from the ultimate sand trap.

511
00:21:54,280 --> 00:21:55,640
We got it!

512
00:21:55,640 --> 00:21:58,680
No aaa card required.

513
00:21:58,680 --> 00:21:59,680
Hey, thank you.

514
00:21:59,680 --> 00:22:01,110
Where do you live?

515
00:22:01,120 --> 00:22:02,280
This way.

516
00:22:02,280 --> 00:22:03,480
This way?

517
00:22:03,480 --> 00:22:05,150
[ speaking native language ] okay.

518
00:22:05,150 --> 00:22:07,690
Let's go.

519
00:22:07,690 --> 00:22:09,960
Gates: With daylight fading, he points us in the direction

520
00:22:09,960 --> 00:22:11,220
of the bedouin camp

521
00:22:11,230 --> 00:22:13,630
before returning to the desert to tend his flock.

522
00:22:13,630 --> 00:22:17,760
♪

523
00:22:17,770 --> 00:22:20,330
the delay means we have to find our way in the dark,

524
00:22:20,340 --> 00:22:22,170
and we're talking dark.

525
00:22:22,170 --> 00:22:24,740
You don't know this kind of dark.

526
00:22:24,740 --> 00:22:26,810
He said it was this way, yes?

527
00:22:26,810 --> 00:22:29,410
Yes. It is this way.

528
00:22:29,410 --> 00:22:30,910
We've got part of a wall.

529
00:22:30,910 --> 00:22:32,610
That's a good sign. Yeah. Yeah.

530
00:22:32,610 --> 00:22:34,510
Somebody's living around.

531
00:22:34,520 --> 00:22:36,980
♪

532
00:22:36,980 --> 00:22:40,090
ah, we got a light!

533
00:22:40,090 --> 00:22:41,520
Look at that. We got a camp.

534
00:22:41,520 --> 00:22:44,390
♪

535
00:22:44,390 --> 00:22:46,160
[ vehicle doors close ]

536
00:22:46,160 --> 00:22:49,800
[ speaking in native language ]

537
00:22:49,800 --> 00:22:53,670
[ conversing in native language ]

538
00:22:56,200 --> 00:22:58,100
is it okay?

539
00:22:58,110 --> 00:23:01,240
Gates: The bedouin have maintained their way of life for millennia,

540
00:23:01,240 --> 00:23:04,010
and it isn't because they're social butterflies.

541
00:23:04,010 --> 00:23:05,750
[ all speaking native language ]

542
00:23:05,750 --> 00:23:07,410
so it's a rare honor for us

543
00:23:07,420 --> 00:23:10,650
to be invited to sit by their campfire.

544
00:23:10,650 --> 00:23:13,050
Thank you very much for receiving us.

545
00:23:13,050 --> 00:23:15,860
We met one of their friends in the desert.

546
00:23:15,860 --> 00:23:17,260
He helped us. Our car was stuck.

547
00:23:17,260 --> 00:23:19,660
We would still be out there, so thank you.

548
00:23:19,660 --> 00:23:22,360
[ speaking native language ]

549
00:23:22,360 --> 00:23:24,600
dr. Najjar talks to our hosts,

550
00:23:24,600 --> 00:23:28,530
asking about any local lore surrounding the copper scroll.

551
00:23:28,540 --> 00:23:30,400
They're willing to share their unique wisdom

552
00:23:30,410 --> 00:23:32,970
about the scroll and its secrets.

553
00:23:32,970 --> 00:23:34,910
[ speaking native language ]

554
00:23:34,910 --> 00:23:38,240
the elder is saying that the people here deeply believe

555
00:23:38,250 --> 00:23:41,750
that there are hidden treasures.

556
00:23:41,750 --> 00:23:43,950
They say that there is a canyon

557
00:23:43,950 --> 00:23:45,890
far away, a remote area,

558
00:23:45,890 --> 00:23:48,920
and there are some caves in this canyon

559
00:23:48,920 --> 00:23:51,120
that have never been searched.

560
00:23:51,130 --> 00:23:53,430
Uh-huh. Where is that area?

561
00:23:53,430 --> 00:23:54,730
[ speaking native language ]

562
00:23:54,730 --> 00:23:59,530
about 20 miles from here to the south, in this direction.

563
00:23:59,530 --> 00:24:01,200
Gates: With business out of the way,

564
00:24:01,200 --> 00:24:04,040
my hosts are gracious enough to offer us a hot meal...

565
00:24:04,040 --> 00:24:05,570
[ men speaking native language ]

566
00:24:05,570 --> 00:24:07,240
[ mouthful ] so good.

567
00:24:07,240 --> 00:24:08,840
...And beds for the night.

568
00:24:08,840 --> 00:24:13,880
♪

569
00:24:13,880 --> 00:24:16,480
in the morning, the blazing desert sun rises,

570
00:24:16,480 --> 00:24:17,750
and so do we,

571
00:24:17,750 --> 00:24:21,020
excited to find a cave full of treasure, sort of.

572
00:24:21,020 --> 00:24:23,690
[ exhales sharply ]

573
00:24:23,690 --> 00:24:25,790
morning. Good morning.

574
00:24:25,790 --> 00:24:27,930
Okay. Sun is shining.

575
00:24:27,930 --> 00:24:31,900
It's approximately 413 degrees out.

576
00:24:31,900 --> 00:24:35,270
Let's do this.

577
00:24:35,270 --> 00:24:37,440
Using directions and landmarks given to us

578
00:24:37,440 --> 00:24:40,410
by our bedouin hosts, dr. Najjar navigates us

579
00:24:40,410 --> 00:24:44,180
20 miles south of the camp, through jordan's barren desert,

580
00:24:44,180 --> 00:24:46,850
to the canyon they spoke of in their stories.

581
00:24:46,850 --> 00:24:49,480
Okay, look at this. This is amazing.

582
00:24:49,480 --> 00:24:51,050
This is like another planet.

583
00:24:51,050 --> 00:24:57,890
♪

584
00:24:57,890 --> 00:24:59,360
looks like a maze in here.

585
00:24:59,360 --> 00:25:02,330
Najjar: And you see the erosion is everywhere.

586
00:25:02,330 --> 00:25:03,460
Well, that's the thing that's tricky,

587
00:25:03,460 --> 00:25:04,960
is that at first glance,

588
00:25:04,970 --> 00:25:07,300
everything looks like a cave or a little hiding place,

589
00:25:07,300 --> 00:25:09,200
but a lot of it really is just the way

590
00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:12,040
that the sand has collapsed in.

591
00:25:12,040 --> 00:25:13,370
The thing that's incredible about it

592
00:25:13,370 --> 00:25:15,370
is it looks exactly like qumran.

593
00:25:15,380 --> 00:25:16,610
Yeah.

594
00:25:16,610 --> 00:25:17,710
This looks like the other side of the dead sea,

595
00:25:17,710 --> 00:25:18,910
where the dead sea scrolls were found.

596
00:25:18,910 --> 00:25:20,580
Absolutely. This is, amman --

597
00:25:20,580 --> 00:25:22,920
the same geology, the same topography.

598
00:25:22,920 --> 00:25:25,180
Right.

599
00:25:25,190 --> 00:25:27,020
I definitely think this is the right area.

600
00:25:27,020 --> 00:25:28,290
Don't you? It is.

601
00:25:28,290 --> 00:25:30,560
♪

602
00:25:30,560 --> 00:25:32,560
is that a cave, or is it just the eroded opening?

603
00:25:32,560 --> 00:25:34,830
This looks like a cave.

604
00:25:34,830 --> 00:25:36,460
Let's check it out? Yes.

605
00:25:36,460 --> 00:25:42,470
♪

606
00:25:42,470 --> 00:25:44,600
yeah. It looks like a cave.

607
00:25:44,610 --> 00:25:46,940
It's so hard to tell whether it's just the natural erosion

608
00:25:46,940 --> 00:25:50,980
or whether that's something that's man-made

609
00:25:50,980 --> 00:25:52,710
or had been used.

610
00:25:52,710 --> 00:25:54,450
Well, it certainly doesn't go very deep.

611
00:25:54,450 --> 00:25:55,610
-No. -I think this might just be

612
00:25:55,620 --> 00:25:56,780
from natural erosion,

613
00:25:56,780 --> 00:25:58,780
and no real evidence, at least apparent evidence,

614
00:25:58,790 --> 00:26:02,790
that anybody did modify or use this.

615
00:26:02,790 --> 00:26:03,860
False alarm, but that's okay.

616
00:26:03,860 --> 00:26:06,560
We're definitely in the right spot.

617
00:26:06,560 --> 00:26:09,530
Let's see if we can get some higher ground.

618
00:26:09,530 --> 00:26:11,200
We climb up the rocky hillside

619
00:26:11,200 --> 00:26:13,170
to get a bird's-eye view of the canyon,

620
00:26:13,170 --> 00:26:17,140
seeking out signs of the cave mentioned in the copper scroll.

621
00:26:17,140 --> 00:26:19,570
Then, we find something unexpected.

622
00:26:19,570 --> 00:26:21,810
Oh, there is an opening here.

623
00:26:21,810 --> 00:26:23,440
This...

624
00:26:23,440 --> 00:26:24,940
Doesn't seem to go anywhere.

625
00:26:24,950 --> 00:26:26,310
Ooh, what's that, though?

626
00:26:28,380 --> 00:26:29,620
You think that's man-made?

627
00:26:29,620 --> 00:26:30,920
I think it is man-made.

628
00:26:30,920 --> 00:26:32,650
-For an oil lamp or something. -Yes.

629
00:26:32,650 --> 00:26:35,350
We saw this exact thing back in caves in israel,

630
00:26:35,360 --> 00:26:37,690
little oil lamp niches, little places to put light.

631
00:26:37,690 --> 00:26:40,090
So could this have been part of a cave that collapsed out?

632
00:26:40,090 --> 00:26:41,930
Probably, because this is too small

633
00:26:41,930 --> 00:26:43,230
for anybody to live here.

634
00:26:43,230 --> 00:26:44,160
Right.

635
00:26:44,170 --> 00:26:45,200
Actually, if you look there,

636
00:26:45,200 --> 00:26:46,670
you can see more collapses there.

637
00:26:46,670 --> 00:26:48,230
I was just going to say that it looks like this whole thing

638
00:26:48,240 --> 00:26:50,470
might have been a cave. Let's see what's up here.

639
00:26:50,470 --> 00:26:53,510
-Yeah. Let's just check it out. -Go ahead.

640
00:26:53,510 --> 00:26:56,310
Hoping that this could be part of a network of caverns,

641
00:26:56,310 --> 00:26:58,740
dr. Najjar and I search the surrounding area

642
00:26:58,750 --> 00:27:00,350
for other entrances.

643
00:27:00,350 --> 00:27:02,550
Gates: This whole thing, I think, was a cave.

644
00:27:02,550 --> 00:27:04,350
All this looks chipped out, all of it.

645
00:27:04,350 --> 00:27:05,620
Yeah. That's interesting.

646
00:27:05,620 --> 00:27:07,450
Yeah.

647
00:27:07,460 --> 00:27:09,020
And here.

648
00:27:09,020 --> 00:27:10,460
Oh, look at that.

649
00:27:10,460 --> 00:27:12,520
You see that? Oh, my god!

650
00:27:12,530 --> 00:27:14,130
Look at that!

651
00:27:14,130 --> 00:27:16,030
♪

652
00:27:22,340 --> 00:27:25,800
♪

653
00:27:25,810 --> 00:27:27,440
gates: I'm in the deserts of jordan,

654
00:27:27,440 --> 00:27:30,140
following bedouin stories of ancient treasure

655
00:27:30,140 --> 00:27:34,010
linked to a mysterious artifact known as the copper scroll.

656
00:27:34,020 --> 00:27:36,350
Archaeologist mohammad al-najjar and I

657
00:27:36,350 --> 00:27:39,220
have scaled one of the walls of this remote canyon,

658
00:27:39,220 --> 00:27:42,920
and now he appears to have spotted something remarkable.

659
00:27:42,920 --> 00:27:44,120
Najjar: Can you see that?

660
00:27:44,130 --> 00:27:45,360
Oh, my god!

661
00:27:45,360 --> 00:27:47,260
Look at that!

662
00:27:47,260 --> 00:27:50,030
That's writing! I see letters!

663
00:27:50,030 --> 00:27:51,930
There's writing here, for sure. -There is writing, there.

664
00:27:51,930 --> 00:27:53,870
You can see the cross there. -Yes.

665
00:27:53,870 --> 00:27:57,500
And we have the letter "k" and probably "n."

666
00:27:57,510 --> 00:27:58,900
I think this is greek.

667
00:27:58,910 --> 00:28:01,470
Oh, my word.

668
00:28:01,480 --> 00:28:04,580
It's greek to me, but dr. Najjar is able to make out

669
00:28:04,580 --> 00:28:08,480
"kappa," greek for "k," and "nu" for "n."

670
00:28:08,480 --> 00:28:11,120
was this a clue connected to the copper scroll

671
00:28:11,120 --> 00:28:13,020
or simply ancient graffiti?

672
00:28:13,020 --> 00:28:14,690
Unfortunately, the rest of the message

673
00:28:14,690 --> 00:28:17,960
is worn off the rock and is lost to the ages.

674
00:28:17,960 --> 00:28:20,190
Amazing confirmation that these are not

675
00:28:20,190 --> 00:28:22,960
just what they appear to be, which are these empty canyons.

676
00:28:22,960 --> 00:28:24,530
There is a presence here.

677
00:28:24,530 --> 00:28:25,900
There is a human history here.

678
00:28:25,900 --> 00:28:28,530
This was either a home or a place for people to pray.

679
00:28:28,540 --> 00:28:29,970
This was a special place. Yes.

680
00:28:29,970 --> 00:28:33,340
It is a sacred place, here, absolutely.

681
00:28:33,340 --> 00:28:34,840
Unbelievable.

682
00:28:34,840 --> 00:28:37,640
Oh, that is awesome.

683
00:28:37,650 --> 00:28:39,080
This might be the right area.

684
00:28:39,080 --> 00:28:41,450
This might be a place where there are more caves like this

685
00:28:41,450 --> 00:28:42,820
that could be hiding things.

686
00:28:42,820 --> 00:28:45,220
I'm sure about that. I'm sure about that.

687
00:28:45,220 --> 00:28:47,890
Wow.

688
00:28:47,890 --> 00:28:50,690
We found evidence that people were utilizing caves here

689
00:28:50,690 --> 00:28:53,030
during the time of the copper scroll.

690
00:28:53,030 --> 00:28:55,130
Now we fan out to find more.

691
00:28:55,130 --> 00:29:01,700
♪

692
00:29:01,700 --> 00:29:04,100
aha, look at that!

693
00:29:04,110 --> 00:29:05,670
Look at this!

694
00:29:05,670 --> 00:29:06,670
That's gotta be a cave.

695
00:29:06,670 --> 00:29:08,270
Let's check it out.

696
00:29:08,280 --> 00:29:10,380
♪

697
00:29:10,380 --> 00:29:12,850
gates: It goes way, way back.

698
00:29:12,850 --> 00:29:14,550
It's a real cave.

699
00:29:14,550 --> 00:29:17,180
Look at the size of this place.

700
00:29:17,180 --> 00:29:18,520
Let's see where it goes.

701
00:29:18,520 --> 00:29:21,590
We should be very careful here because the walls are crumbling,

702
00:29:21,590 --> 00:29:25,690
and there might be some animals or some snakes here.

703
00:29:25,690 --> 00:29:27,590
Why you got to make it all scary right before we go in?

704
00:29:27,600 --> 00:29:28,830
It's -- I mean, you know, the --

705
00:29:28,830 --> 00:29:30,430
it was all exciting. They're inside the cave.

706
00:29:30,430 --> 00:29:31,560
It was all exciting, and now you made it --

707
00:29:31,570 --> 00:29:32,460
it is exciting, but --

708
00:29:32,470 --> 00:29:33,770
now you made it scary. No.

709
00:29:33,770 --> 00:29:35,630
My point is, we have to be careful.

710
00:29:35,640 --> 00:29:37,870
It might be dangerous here, also.

711
00:29:37,870 --> 00:29:38,670
Go ahead. Go.

712
00:29:38,670 --> 00:29:39,870
Ruined it.

713
00:29:39,870 --> 00:29:46,710
♪

714
00:29:46,710 --> 00:29:53,520
♪

715
00:29:53,520 --> 00:29:55,520
look at that. Look at the ceiling.

716
00:29:55,520 --> 00:29:58,320
♪

717
00:29:58,330 --> 00:30:00,130
[ wings flapping ] oh, my god!

718
00:30:00,130 --> 00:30:01,230
Ah! Just a bat.

719
00:30:01,230 --> 00:30:02,460
These are some bats. It was just a bat.

720
00:30:02,460 --> 00:30:03,600
Yeah, okay. That's fine.

721
00:30:03,600 --> 00:30:04,530
That's fine. I mean, look at that.

722
00:30:04,530 --> 00:30:05,900
See? You got me on edge.

723
00:30:05,900 --> 00:30:06,970
That's what happens. You got me all freaked out.

724
00:30:06,970 --> 00:30:08,070
I'm sorry.

725
00:30:08,070 --> 00:30:09,070
I'm sorry, but, I mean, look at that.

726
00:30:09,070 --> 00:30:10,200
Look at that.

727
00:30:10,200 --> 00:30:11,940
Look at the wall here. It's incredible.

728
00:30:11,940 --> 00:30:13,640
If you touch it, it will go down.

729
00:30:13,640 --> 00:30:16,140
Right, okay, so stay off the walls.

730
00:30:16,140 --> 00:30:17,740
Okay.

731
00:30:17,750 --> 00:30:24,720
♪

732
00:30:24,720 --> 00:30:27,990
I got two passages here, one that goes down

733
00:30:27,990 --> 00:30:30,390
and one that goes up, but they're both dead ends.

734
00:30:30,390 --> 00:30:32,660
Let's have a look around on the ground, here.

735
00:30:32,660 --> 00:30:39,900
♪

736
00:30:39,900 --> 00:30:41,430
what we have here?

737
00:30:41,440 --> 00:30:43,000
Oh, look at... Stone?

738
00:30:43,000 --> 00:30:44,440
I don't know, maybe.

739
00:30:44,440 --> 00:30:45,670
No, pottery. I don't know.

740
00:30:45,670 --> 00:30:47,740
It's kind of -- look at that, pottery!

741
00:30:47,740 --> 00:30:49,740
Yeah. Two pieces.

742
00:30:49,740 --> 00:30:51,640
This is -- it is a cooking pot.

743
00:30:51,650 --> 00:30:52,950
This is a cooking pot? Yes.

744
00:30:52,950 --> 00:30:54,980
This is typical for the roman period.

745
00:30:54,980 --> 00:30:56,480
A cooking pot can be significant

746
00:30:56,480 --> 00:30:57,720
because it might be an indicator

747
00:30:57,720 --> 00:30:59,920
that somebody was actually living here.

748
00:30:59,920 --> 00:31:01,250
The thing that I'm now realizing

749
00:31:01,260 --> 00:31:02,990
as we travel around here

750
00:31:02,990 --> 00:31:06,360
is that we have these treasures

751
00:31:06,360 --> 00:31:08,230
associated with the copper scroll,

752
00:31:08,230 --> 00:31:12,030
but the descriptions to reach them are incredibly vague,

753
00:31:12,030 --> 00:31:14,300
and when you actually come out here in the field,

754
00:31:14,300 --> 00:31:17,040
you realize there are hundreds,

755
00:31:17,040 --> 00:31:19,370
if not maybe thousands, of caves.

756
00:31:19,370 --> 00:31:20,970
We're just scratching the surface.

757
00:31:20,980 --> 00:31:24,080
You would need an army of people searching out here

758
00:31:24,080 --> 00:31:25,910
to try to locate all these caves.

759
00:31:25,910 --> 00:31:27,180
You're absolutely right.

760
00:31:27,180 --> 00:31:29,350
We still have many things to be discovered here.

761
00:31:29,350 --> 00:31:34,390
There's work here for generations of archaeologists.

762
00:31:34,390 --> 00:31:37,660
Dr. Najjar may have lifetimes of exploring ahead of him

763
00:31:37,660 --> 00:31:39,890
in the canyons and caves of jordan,

764
00:31:39,890 --> 00:31:41,660
but he's not the only archaeologist

765
00:31:41,660 --> 00:31:44,100
investigating the cliffs around the dead sea.

766
00:31:44,100 --> 00:31:48,270
♪

767
00:31:48,270 --> 00:31:50,340
the next morning, I receive a call from the man

768
00:31:50,340 --> 00:31:53,270
who led me down this rabbit hole in the first place.

769
00:31:53,270 --> 00:31:56,410
After sending me to jordan to learn from the experts there,

770
00:31:56,410 --> 00:31:58,040
he wants to show me a location

771
00:31:58,050 --> 00:32:01,610
that he believes matches a clue in the copper scroll

772
00:32:01,620 --> 00:32:05,920
and may be a prime location for some of the hidden treasure.

773
00:32:05,920 --> 00:32:07,890
So I get out my passport and head back

774
00:32:07,890 --> 00:32:09,320
across the israeli border

775
00:32:09,320 --> 00:32:14,260
to meet my old friend, dr. Oren gutfeld,

776
00:32:14,260 --> 00:32:17,860
in a stretch of desert near the dead sea called hyrcania.

777
00:32:17,870 --> 00:32:19,330
Oren! Dr. Gutfeld: Hey, josh.

778
00:32:19,330 --> 00:32:20,770
Hello. Hi.

779
00:32:20,770 --> 00:32:22,230
Why do you always ask me to meet you

780
00:32:22,240 --> 00:32:23,440
in very hard-to-reach places?

781
00:32:23,440 --> 00:32:25,170
[ laughs ] it's part of my personality.

782
00:32:25,170 --> 00:32:26,770
Good to see you, man. How you doing?

783
00:32:26,770 --> 00:32:28,070
Thank you. You look much cleaner

784
00:32:28,080 --> 00:32:29,470
than last time I saw you. Yes.

785
00:32:29,480 --> 00:32:31,010
This place is crazy. What is this?

786
00:32:31,010 --> 00:32:33,250
This is the fortress of hyrcania.

787
00:32:33,250 --> 00:32:36,210
♪

788
00:32:36,220 --> 00:32:38,920
how does this place connect, or how might it connect

789
00:32:38,920 --> 00:32:40,350
to the legend of the copper scroll?

790
00:32:40,350 --> 00:32:43,820
Well, the copper scroll starts -- and I'm quoting...

791
00:32:51,130 --> 00:32:52,970
Right. This is the only fortress

792
00:32:52,970 --> 00:32:55,170
above the valley of achor.

793
00:32:55,170 --> 00:32:57,670
And this has been called the valley of achor since...

794
00:32:57,670 --> 00:32:58,670
Forever. ...Forever.

795
00:32:58,670 --> 00:33:00,240
Well, that's pretty compelling.

796
00:33:00,240 --> 00:33:01,770
And that's not all.

797
00:33:01,780 --> 00:33:03,810
The copper scroll makes five mentions

798
00:33:03,810 --> 00:33:07,280
of a mysterious place known as the valley of shadows,

799
00:33:07,280 --> 00:33:10,420
which is what this very spot has been referred to by locals

800
00:33:10,420 --> 00:33:12,480
for as long as anyone can remember.

801
00:33:12,490 --> 00:33:13,690
Now it's getting really compelling.

802
00:33:13,690 --> 00:33:14,990
Yes, and guess what.

803
00:33:14,990 --> 00:33:18,060
We located a tunnel that could fit the description.

804
00:33:18,060 --> 00:33:19,490
You think this could be the place?

805
00:33:19,490 --> 00:33:20,630
I am positive.

806
00:33:20,630 --> 00:33:23,230
The question is, are the treasure still here?

807
00:33:23,230 --> 00:33:24,830
Show me this place. Come on.

808
00:33:24,830 --> 00:33:26,900
♪

809
00:33:26,900 --> 00:33:29,200
okay, now this is getting good.

810
00:33:29,200 --> 00:33:31,940
Oren brings me down into the valley of shadows,

811
00:33:31,940 --> 00:33:34,440
where he recently found a man-made tunnel

812
00:33:34,440 --> 00:33:37,980
cut directly into the cliffs below the fortress ruin.

813
00:33:37,980 --> 00:33:38,980
This is the tunnel here?

814
00:33:38,980 --> 00:33:40,880
This is the tunnel, yes.

815
00:33:40,880 --> 00:33:42,610
♪

816
00:33:42,620 --> 00:33:44,450
oh, wow. That goes straight down.

817
00:33:44,450 --> 00:33:46,990
It goes down about 350 feet.

818
00:33:46,990 --> 00:33:48,120
350 feet down?

819
00:33:48,120 --> 00:33:50,620
Yes, two meters high and one meter wide.

820
00:33:50,620 --> 00:33:52,590
All right. Well, let's get into it.

821
00:33:52,590 --> 00:33:54,990
♪

822
00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:57,230
we make our way into the tight passage,

823
00:33:57,230 --> 00:34:01,670
exploring for any signs of the copper scroll treasure.

824
00:34:01,670 --> 00:34:03,270
Dr. Gutfeld: Follow me.

825
00:34:03,270 --> 00:34:11,880
♪

826
00:34:11,880 --> 00:34:14,780
the deeper we go, the more questions I have.

827
00:34:14,780 --> 00:34:17,550
Why is this hand-carved tunnel even here?

828
00:34:17,550 --> 00:34:21,590
What could possibly be worth the work it took to build this?

829
00:34:21,590 --> 00:34:23,090
Deeper and deeper.

830
00:34:23,090 --> 00:34:25,420
Over the years, erosion has worn down the stairs

831
00:34:25,430 --> 00:34:27,390
in this section of the tunnel,

832
00:34:27,390 --> 00:34:31,030
so oren suggests a unique shortcut.

833
00:34:31,030 --> 00:34:32,730
Okay, josh. It becomes steep over here.

834
00:34:32,730 --> 00:34:33,970
Why don't we sit?

835
00:34:33,970 --> 00:34:35,230
Sit? What do you mean, sit?

836
00:34:35,240 --> 00:34:36,370
Sit, like slide?

837
00:34:36,370 --> 00:34:37,970
Yes, like that.

838
00:34:37,970 --> 00:34:41,070
♪

839
00:34:41,080 --> 00:34:43,110
whoo-hoo!

840
00:34:43,110 --> 00:34:45,510
Oh, my god!

841
00:34:45,510 --> 00:34:46,810
♪

842
00:34:53,120 --> 00:34:55,720
♪

843
00:34:55,720 --> 00:34:57,590
gates: Not all accommodations in jordan

844
00:34:57,590 --> 00:34:59,990
are as bare as a bedouin camp.

845
00:34:59,990 --> 00:35:03,700
On our drive, I decide to check out the petra bubble luxotel,

846
00:35:03,700 --> 00:35:06,830
which offers inflatable living at a reasonable price.

847
00:35:06,830 --> 00:35:08,570
Oh, hi, there. Come on in.

848
00:35:08,570 --> 00:35:09,970
♪

849
00:35:09,970 --> 00:35:12,400
each pod is equipped with its own sun deck

850
00:35:12,410 --> 00:35:13,610
and hot tub.

851
00:35:13,610 --> 00:35:15,010
Bounce around all you want,

852
00:35:15,010 --> 00:35:17,540
but be careful with the air lock in the entry.

853
00:35:17,540 --> 00:35:19,380
If you open both doors at once,

854
00:35:19,380 --> 00:35:23,350
your hotel room will go flat in less than a minute.

855
00:35:23,350 --> 00:35:27,850
You got to have huge balls to build a hotel like this.

856
00:35:27,860 --> 00:35:30,490
Literally, you have to have huge, inflatable balls.

857
00:35:30,490 --> 00:35:32,760
That's what the whole h-- you get it.

858
00:35:32,760 --> 00:35:37,600
♪

859
00:35:43,900 --> 00:35:47,010
♪

860
00:35:47,010 --> 00:35:49,170
gates: Deep in a tunnel beneath an ancient fortress

861
00:35:49,180 --> 00:35:52,280
known as hyrcania, archaeologist oren gutfeld

862
00:35:52,280 --> 00:35:54,610
is attempting to find the treasures described

863
00:35:54,620 --> 00:35:59,120
in a unique dead sea scroll written in copper.

864
00:35:59,120 --> 00:36:02,820
The steps here have eroded to nothing over 2,000 years.

865
00:36:02,820 --> 00:36:03,760
Sit, like slide?

866
00:36:03,760 --> 00:36:05,220
Yes, like that.

867
00:36:05,230 --> 00:36:06,460
Whoo-hoo!

868
00:36:06,460 --> 00:36:10,060
Oren and I are undeterred.

869
00:36:10,060 --> 00:36:12,130
Oh, my god!

870
00:36:12,130 --> 00:36:14,070
♪

871
00:36:14,070 --> 00:36:15,200
okay, well, that was officially

872
00:36:15,200 --> 00:36:18,240
the most "goonies" moment of my entire life.

873
00:36:18,240 --> 00:36:19,840
That was amazing.

874
00:36:19,840 --> 00:36:22,640
♪

875
00:36:22,640 --> 00:36:25,940
can you feel that the tunnel become wider and wider?

876
00:36:25,950 --> 00:36:27,280
It does.

877
00:36:27,280 --> 00:36:28,810
♪

878
00:36:28,820 --> 00:36:32,950
we've taken the last 150 feet of the tunnel in one sitting,

879
00:36:32,950 --> 00:36:35,290
but now we're faced with something new --

880
00:36:35,290 --> 00:36:37,620
a choice.

881
00:36:37,620 --> 00:36:40,030
Oh, look at that. It splits, two tunnels.

882
00:36:40,030 --> 00:36:41,590
Two tunnels. Oh, god.

883
00:36:41,600 --> 00:36:45,230
And we're exactly 300 feet away from the entrance of the tunnel.

884
00:36:45,230 --> 00:36:46,700
300 feet from the surface,

885
00:36:46,700 --> 00:36:48,900
and now we have two different tunnels here.

886
00:36:48,900 --> 00:36:51,300
Yes.

887
00:36:51,310 --> 00:36:53,570
So which one leads to certain death?

888
00:36:53,570 --> 00:36:54,810
Which one leads to treasure? [ chuckles ]

889
00:36:54,810 --> 00:36:56,070
let's take the right one.

890
00:36:56,080 --> 00:36:57,710
Right is right, okay.

891
00:36:57,710 --> 00:37:06,950
♪

892
00:37:06,950 --> 00:37:08,720
look at that, josh, dead end.

893
00:37:08,720 --> 00:37:11,120
♪

894
00:37:11,120 --> 00:37:12,460
it just seems so weird for this

895
00:37:12,460 --> 00:37:14,560
just to peter out in a really rough way.

896
00:37:14,560 --> 00:37:17,030
I mean, it's not like it ends in even a proper chamber.

897
00:37:17,030 --> 00:37:18,960
Exactly, almost -- it just kind of stops.

898
00:37:18,970 --> 00:37:23,200
How come that after 350 feet, it just end with nothing?

899
00:37:23,200 --> 00:37:24,900
And the other tunnel?

900
00:37:24,910 --> 00:37:26,170
Let's go. Yeah. Let's see.

901
00:37:26,170 --> 00:37:29,410
Okay. Let's see where the other tunnel goes.

902
00:37:29,410 --> 00:37:32,080
Let's check out the left passage.

903
00:37:32,080 --> 00:37:34,750
Okay, door number one seems to be a booby prize.

904
00:37:34,750 --> 00:37:37,950
Let's see what's behind door number two.

905
00:37:37,950 --> 00:37:41,790
Lots of loose rocks down here, and then...

906
00:37:41,790 --> 00:37:43,920
Another dead end.

907
00:37:43,920 --> 00:37:45,490
Wow.

908
00:37:45,490 --> 00:37:46,830
It's just such a weird place.

909
00:37:46,830 --> 00:37:48,830
What is it for?

910
00:37:48,830 --> 00:37:51,730
Two branches of tunnel, two dead ends,

911
00:37:51,730 --> 00:37:56,940
350 feet of hand-carved stairway built down to nothing.

912
00:37:56,940 --> 00:37:59,040
There don't appear to be traces of anything

913
00:37:59,040 --> 00:38:00,540
having been stored here,

914
00:38:00,540 --> 00:38:02,540
but the tunnels may extend further than this

915
00:38:02,540 --> 00:38:04,080
beneath our feet,

916
00:38:04,080 --> 00:38:06,340
the shafts filled in by silt and sand

917
00:38:06,350 --> 00:38:08,280
over thousands of years.

918
00:38:08,280 --> 00:38:11,080
It will have to be excavated further for us to be sure.

919
00:38:11,080 --> 00:38:14,220
♪

920
00:38:14,220 --> 00:38:16,790
but according to oren, there's more than one passage

921
00:38:16,790 --> 00:38:20,490
under hyrcania fortress, which means more than one place

922
00:38:20,490 --> 00:38:22,990
where the treasure might be hidden.

923
00:38:23,000 --> 00:38:25,060
Dr. Gutfeld: I want to show you something else.

924
00:38:25,070 --> 00:38:28,200
-Another tunnel? -Another tunnel, look.

925
00:38:28,200 --> 00:38:29,730
-You found another one? -Yes.

926
00:38:29,740 --> 00:38:31,100
Let's see if we can make our way to the back.

927
00:38:31,100 --> 00:38:32,140
Sure.

928
00:38:32,140 --> 00:38:33,740
You first, please.

929
00:38:33,740 --> 00:38:40,950
♪

930
00:38:40,950 --> 00:38:42,050
wow.

931
00:38:42,050 --> 00:38:45,620
This is amazing.

932
00:38:45,620 --> 00:38:47,650
This close to the riverbed, the tunnel has been

933
00:38:47,650 --> 00:38:50,520
routinely flooded for centuries,

934
00:38:50,520 --> 00:38:52,060
but after months of drought,

935
00:38:52,060 --> 00:38:54,860
we're getting an extremely rare look inside.

936
00:38:54,860 --> 00:39:00,870
♪

937
00:39:00,870 --> 00:39:02,470
we're hundreds of feet down

938
00:39:02,470 --> 00:39:05,800
when we see something... Unwelcome.

939
00:39:05,810 --> 00:39:06,840
Hey, josh. Look at that.

940
00:39:06,840 --> 00:39:07,910
What do you got?

941
00:39:07,910 --> 00:39:08,910
It's full of water. Oh, god.

942
00:39:08,910 --> 00:39:11,680
It's already flooded. It's flooded.

943
00:39:11,680 --> 00:39:13,350
Yes, but you can still see that the tunnel

944
00:39:13,350 --> 00:39:14,650
continues inside the water.

945
00:39:14,650 --> 00:39:16,050
-On the right-hand side there... -That's correct.

946
00:39:16,050 --> 00:39:17,420
...You can see. It goes down.

947
00:39:17,420 --> 00:39:20,450
So the question is, how far down does it go?

948
00:39:20,450 --> 00:39:22,820
We don't know.

949
00:39:22,820 --> 00:39:24,260
To answer that question,

950
00:39:24,260 --> 00:39:28,490
oren sends for a snake camera to feed into the flooded tunnel.

951
00:39:28,500 --> 00:39:31,100
If the murky water is hiding another chamber,

952
00:39:31,100 --> 00:39:33,400
we may still be able to get a look.

953
00:39:33,400 --> 00:39:35,700
♪

954
00:39:35,700 --> 00:39:38,300
okay, camera is on.

955
00:39:38,310 --> 00:39:40,040
Camera is working. Dr. Gutfeld: Yes.

956
00:39:40,040 --> 00:39:42,540
♪

957
00:39:42,540 --> 00:39:44,840
okay, josh, I'm going to have you feed the camera

958
00:39:44,850 --> 00:39:46,110
into the water. Got it.

959
00:39:46,110 --> 00:39:47,780
And we'll see if the tunnel continues.

960
00:39:47,780 --> 00:39:49,650
Yeah. We'll see if this is a dead end or...

961
00:39:49,650 --> 00:39:50,880
Yep. ...The find of the century.

962
00:39:50,880 --> 00:39:52,620
You ready?

963
00:39:52,620 --> 00:39:53,720
Okay.

964
00:39:53,720 --> 00:39:55,220
♪

965
00:39:55,220 --> 00:39:56,820
can you see anything?

966
00:39:56,820 --> 00:39:58,760
♪

967
00:39:58,760 --> 00:40:00,830
water. Putting up near the wall.

968
00:40:00,830 --> 00:40:02,430
Yes. I see the wall.

969
00:40:02,430 --> 00:40:05,430
I see the wall. Okay.

970
00:40:05,430 --> 00:40:07,230
Can you see if the wall continues?

971
00:40:07,230 --> 00:40:10,670
♪

972
00:40:10,670 --> 00:40:11,700
it keeps going.

973
00:40:11,710 --> 00:40:13,140
It's going? It's going.

974
00:40:13,140 --> 00:40:14,970
There's another chamber?

975
00:40:14,980 --> 00:40:16,470
It continues for sure.

976
00:40:16,480 --> 00:40:18,080
It does? Yes.

977
00:40:18,080 --> 00:40:21,550
♪

978
00:40:21,550 --> 00:40:22,850
[ laughs ]

979
00:40:22,850 --> 00:40:24,520
the tunnel continues. The tunnel continues.

980
00:40:24,520 --> 00:40:26,050
Yep. So this is not the end.

981
00:40:26,050 --> 00:40:28,720
We will have to wait until the water dry.

982
00:40:28,720 --> 00:40:30,360
But there's definitely more here?

983
00:40:30,360 --> 00:40:32,160
Definitely. Hey, nice work, man.

984
00:40:32,160 --> 00:40:33,760
Nice work. Thank you very much, josh.

985
00:40:33,760 --> 00:40:35,160
That's incredible.

986
00:40:35,160 --> 00:40:38,960
Down there, below that water, in that darkness,

987
00:40:38,970 --> 00:40:40,970
there is a mystery,

988
00:40:40,970 --> 00:40:43,200
a mystery that continues.

989
00:40:43,200 --> 00:40:45,600
Oren will return when the tunnel dries out

990
00:40:45,610 --> 00:40:48,410
to see what answers or treasures await,

991
00:40:48,410 --> 00:40:50,780
but I bid him farewell for a second time,

992
00:40:50,780 --> 00:40:52,240
leaving on a new mission --

993
00:40:52,250 --> 00:40:53,810
the journey home.

994
00:40:53,810 --> 00:40:57,650
♪

995
00:40:57,650 --> 00:40:59,280
during my time in the middle east,

996
00:40:59,290 --> 00:41:03,490
I've explored the history and legends of the dead sea scrolls,

997
00:41:03,490 --> 00:41:05,320
and in these unforgiving deserts,

998
00:41:05,330 --> 00:41:08,790
brave explorers continue the quest for more scrolls

999
00:41:08,800 --> 00:41:12,400
and a deeper understanding of the people who inscribed them.

1000
00:41:12,400 --> 00:41:14,770
♪

1001
00:41:14,770 --> 00:41:16,230
as for the copper scroll,

1002
00:41:16,240 --> 00:41:18,670
the treasures it describes may be real,

1003
00:41:18,670 --> 00:41:24,510
but were likely reclaimed by the hands and sands of time.

1004
00:41:24,510 --> 00:41:27,710
The true treasures are the scrolls themselves,

1005
00:41:27,710 --> 00:41:29,750
collected knowledge of a jewish people

1006
00:41:29,750 --> 00:41:32,950
forced into hiding in one of their darkest hours.

1007
00:41:32,950 --> 00:41:34,390
Yet against all odds,

1008
00:41:34,390 --> 00:41:37,890
the scrolls and the culture that created them endure.

1009
00:41:37,890 --> 00:41:42,290
For the ancient jews of israel, the scrolls were their future,

1010
00:41:42,300 --> 00:41:44,100
and 2,000 years later,

1011
00:41:44,100 --> 00:41:48,630
these aged fragments are being diligently preserved and decoded

1012
00:41:48,640 --> 00:41:50,740
and are enshrined in a new temple

1013
00:41:50,740 --> 00:41:53,140
for generations yet to come.

1014
00:41:53,140 --> 00:41:58,210
♪