1 00:00:03,453 --> 00:00:07,661 They were once the most advanced buildings and structures on the planet. 2 00:00:09,119 --> 00:00:12,411 The best achievements in design and construction . 3 00:00:13,203 --> 00:00:17,286 Today they are abandoned, polluted and occasionally deadly. 4 00:00:18,369 --> 00:00:23,993 These empty buildings are filled with the lost lives of real people, 5 00:00:24,661 --> 00:00:28,745 leaving many questions unanswered and mysteries unresolved. 6 00:00:36,119 --> 00:00:38,786 In this series we dig into the past, 7 00:00:38,912 --> 00:00:42,912 to find out how many ships have sunk throughout history 8 00:00:43,369 --> 00:00:47,161 related to medical research and the space program. 9 00:00:48,036 --> 00:00:51,453 One fascinating modern myth says that their steel 10 00:00:51,578 --> 00:00:54,953 used for NASA's Voyager spacecraft , 11 00:00:55,036 --> 00:00:58,119 which were supposed to head into the depths of the universe. 12 00:01:00,661 --> 00:01:06,369 We ask why the US government spent millions on steamships during the I MS 13 00:01:06,578 --> 00:01:08,953 and then deliberately destroyed them. 14 00:01:09,994 --> 00:01:12,993 When you go to war , you need a lot of ships. 15 00:01:13,077 --> 00:01:16,286 An extraordinary guide was published 16 00:01:16,411 --> 00:01:21,870 to create a thousand 90-meter wooden ships that would do the job. 17 00:01:27,703 --> 00:01:31,494 We find out why the forerunner of modern warships 18 00:01:31,828 --> 00:01:36,703 lies half-drowned and forgotten on the other side of the world. 19 00:01:38,328 --> 00:01:43,661 There are 7,500 shipwrecks in Australian waters. But this ship 20 00:01:43,786 --> 00:01:47,244 is unique in its construction 21 00:01:47,369 --> 00:01:50,203 and there is no other like it in the whole world. 22 00:01:52,369 --> 00:01:57,745 We board a survivor of a Cold War cat-and-mouse game, 23 00:01:58,286 --> 00:02:02,411 to find out how it could have caused World War II. 24 00:02:03,536 --> 00:02:08,870 People don't know how close we were to World War III during the Cuban Missile Crisis. 25 00:02:16,912 --> 00:02:19,578 Abandoned Buildings 26 00:02:19,828 --> 00:02:22,411 Ghost ships 27 00:02:28,786 --> 00:02:32,244 Today, large aircraft carriers, such as those used by the US Navy, 28 00:02:32,494 --> 00:02:35,745 some of the largest man- made structures on Earth. 29 00:02:39,912 --> 00:02:44,369 150 years ago it was claimed to be the most powerful warship in the world 30 00:02:44,578 --> 00:02:47,745 to be a foundation that is not at all like these technical marvels. 31 00:02:48,536 --> 00:02:51,703 But this ship was also filled with the latest technology 32 00:02:51,912 --> 00:02:55,536 and his appearance changed the conduct of warfare at sea. 33 00:02:58,411 --> 00:03:02,536 In the very shallow waters of the Australian Crescent 34 00:03:02,786 --> 00:03:05,953 sits one of the most important warships ever built. 35 00:03:07,203 --> 00:03:10,870 This is another example of how past technological achievements 36 00:03:11,119 --> 00:03:13,411 now littering the world's oceans, 37 00:03:13,703 --> 00:03:17,244 however, this ship is of particularly great historical importance. 38 00:03:17,993 --> 00:03:21,620 There are 7,500 shipwrecks in Australian waters . 39 00:03:21,786 --> 00:03:24,369 But it only has one monitor, 40 00:03:24,494 --> 00:03:29,328 The Brestwick Monitor, an amazing piece of naval engineering 41 00:03:29,453 --> 00:03:32,536 and it is the only ship of its kind in the whole world. 42 00:03:36,870 --> 00:03:39,203 Looking at him today, it's hard to believe 43 00:03:39,328 --> 00:03:43,536 that the royal ship Cerberus was once the leader of the world. 44 00:03:45,411 --> 00:03:48,286 What makes this abandoned wreck so special? 45 00:03:50,453 --> 00:03:55,828 Heritage Victoria Executive Director Tim Smith 46 00:03:56,244 --> 00:03:58,661 has researched this interesting story. 47 00:04:01,912 --> 00:04:06,453 Cerberus was commissioned and completed by 1870 48 00:04:06,578 --> 00:04:08,494 and arrived here in Australia. 49 00:04:08,620 --> 00:04:12,286 The ship was brand new, it arrived straight from the shipyard 50 00:04:12,536 --> 00:04:18,161 and it was her maiden voyage - the longest voyage of such ships at that time. 51 00:04:20,536 --> 00:04:24,536 Hmvs Cerberus, or translated "Defender of the Underworld" 52 00:04:24,828 --> 00:04:27,953 demonstrated wonderful technology 53 00:04:28,286 --> 00:04:32,745 a ship with a small displacement had the most powerful weapons. 54 00:04:33,119 --> 00:04:37,620 It was seaworthy enough to get from England to Australia 55 00:04:37,870 --> 00:04:42,411 and this meant that anyone coming into Melbourne harbor would be drowned. 56 00:04:48,203 --> 00:04:50,286 By the middle of the 19th century, warships were made of wood 57 00:04:50,411 --> 00:04:55,745 to be replaced by iron ships such as the famous HMS Warrior. 58 00:04:57,536 --> 00:05:02,953 However, iron-hulled ships already had a design that had been used for centuries. 59 00:05:04,369 --> 00:05:07,453 Was it the Nelson traditions that refused to die? 60 00:05:09,328 --> 00:05:14,536 A myth has it that naval officers were so conservative, 61 00:05:14,661 --> 00:05:19,076 that they wanted to stick to the one used by Nelson at Trafalgar. 62 00:05:19,244 --> 00:05:22,369 That's not true. Naval officers are professionals 63 00:05:22,494 --> 00:05:27,745 and fighting in naval battles requires skill and competence. 64 00:05:27,994 --> 00:05:30,536 But they all wanted the latest and greatest technology, 65 00:05:30,786 --> 00:05:35,119 they didn't want untested and failing technology. 66 00:05:35,578 --> 00:05:39,993 Before going into battle, they wanted to see the technology work. 67 00:05:42,494 --> 00:05:46,328 Then an important invention changed the way warships were built 68 00:05:46,494 --> 00:05:48,786 and beat all others forever. 69 00:05:49,620 --> 00:05:53,993 During the Crimean War, a naval officer invented Cowper Coles 70 00:05:54,244 --> 00:05:56,578 an armored box for the guns of warships . 71 00:05:57,912 --> 00:06:03,119 When the box was placed on a rotating base, it became a cannon turret. 72 00:06:04,786 --> 00:06:09,620 The magic of the turret is that it can be rotated 360 degrees. 73 00:06:09,745 --> 00:06:12,494 So it can be fired in any direction. 74 00:06:12,661 --> 00:06:15,536 One tower in the bow of the ship, the other in the stern 75 00:06:15,661 --> 00:06:20,203 and firepower can be directed where it is most needed. 76 00:06:21,453 --> 00:06:24,994 Tower technology is actually pretty boring. 77 00:06:25,119 --> 00:06:28,494 It's just an armored box on a mobile base , 78 00:06:28,620 --> 00:06:32,161 located at each railway station where locomotives are turned around. 79 00:06:32,494 --> 00:06:34,494 However, this system changed the design of warships, 80 00:06:34,578 --> 00:06:38,411 as it cannot be combined with masts or high superstructures. 81 00:06:38,828 --> 00:06:40,745 So the design of the ships had to be changed. 82 00:06:40,870 --> 00:06:43,369 Two very large cannons can be placed 83 00:06:43,578 --> 00:06:48,036 for a shallow draft that is not designed to fight in the open ocean. 84 00:06:48,620 --> 00:06:53,369 For me, this is a revolutionary time in warship design, 85 00:06:53,536 --> 00:06:57,286 because this design with two towers, each at one end of the ship, 86 00:06:57,536 --> 00:07:00,703 lasted for many decades. 87 00:07:04,494 --> 00:07:08,494 Incredibly, it was the Australian state of Victoria, 88 00:07:08,703 --> 00:07:12,328 which led to the gun turret being combined with a new warship design. 89 00:07:14,578 --> 00:07:20,203 People's donations paid for a ship to defend against the Russian invasion. 90 00:07:21,828 --> 00:07:24,703 The readiness of the people of Victoria, Australia 91 00:07:24,828 --> 00:07:28,244 pay out of pocket for a warship, 92 00:07:28,369 --> 00:07:32,703 which would protect against a Russian attack may seem silly, 93 00:07:32,828 --> 00:07:35,620 but actually they did it for a reason, 94 00:07:35,745 --> 00:07:41,161 because in 1864 the Times reported that Russia's Pacific Fleet, 95 00:07:41,494 --> 00:07:46,119 which threatened shipping across the Pacific Ocean , 96 00:07:46,369 --> 00:07:49,244 had been commanded in the war with Great Britain, 97 00:07:49,369 --> 00:07:53,536 which could have erupted with England's participation in the Polish rebellion, 98 00:07:53,912 --> 00:07:59,119 to sail to the coast of Australia and attack the ports there. 99 00:07:59,494 --> 00:08:04,536 Thus, Cerberus, the newest word in military technology, was acquired 100 00:08:04,661 --> 00:08:08,286 an iron ship with powerful cannons, 101 00:08:09,119 --> 00:08:13,161 which would have scared the Russians away. 102 00:08:13,286 --> 00:08:17,453 Of course, we don't know if the ship would have done that, 103 00:08:17,578 --> 00:08:19,620 since the war never broke out, 104 00:08:19,745 --> 00:08:23,828 but the plan was not as crazy as it seems at first glance. 105 00:08:27,870 --> 00:08:31,578 The citizens of Victoria wanted a powerful warship, 106 00:08:31,703 --> 00:08:34,369 which would protect the harbor and city of Melbourne. 107 00:08:35,994 --> 00:08:40,203 In England, work began on a new "breast monitor" design. 108 00:08:41,828 --> 00:08:47,286 With two 200-ton turrets, each with two 250 mm guns 109 00:08:47,870 --> 00:08:52,993 and with a central armored structure, it was not like a normal warship. 110 00:08:54,494 --> 00:08:57,661 The ship was specifically commissioned by the Victorian government to protect this bay. 111 00:08:58,328 --> 00:09:03,620 Construction began in 1867 and the base was completed in 1870 112 00:09:03,745 --> 00:09:07,119 and was ready to sail to the other side of the world to Australia. 113 00:09:07,244 --> 00:09:12,161 It was the longest voyage of this type of ship in history. 114 00:09:12,369 --> 00:09:14,993 A remarkable achievement, but a harrowing journey. 115 00:09:19,328 --> 00:09:24,953 The 3,000-ton ship Cerberus, launched in 1868, was named 116 00:09:25,244 --> 00:09:29,745 after the three-headed dog guarding the underworld in Greek mythology . 117 00:09:31,745 --> 00:09:37,036 A 16,000-kilometer journey from England to Australia awaited him. 118 00:09:40,161 --> 00:09:44,620 The biggest test awaited Cerberus at the very beginning of his life. 119 00:09:44,953 --> 00:09:47,870 The ship was built in England to operate in Australia 120 00:09:47,993 --> 00:09:53,786 and had to travel 16,000 kilometers across the most dangerous waters on the planet. 121 00:09:54,077 --> 00:09:58,828 The ship's cannons were sent separately 122 00:09:58,993 --> 00:10:01,203 and the turrets were filled with coal. 123 00:10:01,328 --> 00:10:04,912 Coal was placed in every possible place on the ship, 124 00:10:05,119 --> 00:10:10,578 that it would definitely be enough to cover 16,000 kilometers. 125 00:10:10,993 --> 00:10:13,786 But in case it is still missing, 126 00:10:13,993 --> 00:10:17,953 what did they have on board that could provide extra power? 127 00:10:18,661 --> 00:10:21,912 Masts and sails that belonged to old technology. 128 00:10:22,077 --> 00:10:28,912 It shows how impressive the ship was and the engineering behind it. 129 00:10:29,453 --> 00:10:34,536 For a ship that was intended to sail 50-60 km from the coast, 130 00:10:35,161 --> 00:10:37,536 it was an impressive feat. 131 00:10:39,953 --> 00:10:44,870 Arriving in Melbourne, Cerberus settled for a peacetime role. 132 00:10:45,077 --> 00:10:49,786 The Russians never came and the cannons were not used as intended. 133 00:10:50,369 --> 00:10:55,411 The ultimate goal of military spending remained to ensure peace. 134 00:10:56,328 --> 00:10:58,993 Winning wars is a very secondary consideration, 135 00:10:59,077 --> 00:11:02,286 because it's expensive and messy and you can't guarantee the result. 136 00:11:02,411 --> 00:11:07,244 Cerberus worked as well as modern nuclear deterrents. 137 00:11:07,369 --> 00:11:12,244 The Russians did not come, peace prevailed and Port Philip Head was not bombarded. 138 00:11:13,994 --> 00:11:17,994 At one time, Cerberus was one of the most powerful warships. 139 00:11:18,119 --> 00:11:21,203 It would have easily defeated its opponents. 140 00:11:21,369 --> 00:11:24,661 He didn't have to use his cannons properly , 141 00:11:24,828 --> 00:11:28,578 because the development of technology was so fast, 142 00:11:28,912 --> 00:11:33,661 in a few decades, the design of warships developed enormously, 143 00:11:33,912 --> 00:11:37,161 we cannot imagine what would have become of naval technology, 144 00:11:37,286 --> 00:11:39,828 if Cerberus didn't exist. 145 00:11:39,953 --> 00:11:44,494 Without the design and blueprints needed to construct Cerberus. 146 00:11:44,620 --> 00:11:48,953 He was part of an iterative process that led to the warships of the I MS. 147 00:11:54,203 --> 00:11:59,244 But with the end of World War I, Cerberus was no longer needed. 148 00:11:59,870 --> 00:12:04,536 What to do with 3,000 tons of steel from another era? 149 00:12:04,870 --> 00:12:06,828 Ceberus was lucky to survive 150 00:12:06,953 --> 00:12:11,328 so many years standing in Melbourne Harbour. 151 00:12:11,786 --> 00:12:16,953 It saved the ship , and when the opportunity came to sink the vessel, 152 00:12:17,036 --> 00:12:22,077 to use the ship as a pier to protect the shore from erosion, 153 00:12:22,203 --> 00:12:26,203 so the protector of the harbor became the protector of the shore line. 154 00:12:26,411 --> 00:12:28,870 Abandoned Buildings 155 00:12:29,411 --> 00:12:31,870 Ghost ships 156 00:12:31,994 --> 00:12:34,453 Abandoned Buildings 157 00:12:34,745 --> 00:12:36,703 Ghost ships 158 00:12:38,870 --> 00:12:41,369 Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands 159 00:12:41,786 --> 00:12:44,036 is one of the best natural harbors in the world. 160 00:12:44,244 --> 00:12:49,161 Here were more descendants of the Cerberus design during World War I , 161 00:12:49,286 --> 00:12:52,620 than anywhere else on Earth. 162 00:12:53,036 --> 00:12:57,703 Scapa was home to the battleships of Britain's mighty Grand Fleet. 163 00:13:00,369 --> 00:13:04,453 In recent decades, the popularity of sport diving has increased. 164 00:13:05,912 --> 00:13:08,745 Many divers head to the north of Scotland 165 00:13:08,912 --> 00:13:11,453 to one of the largest natural harbors in the world. 166 00:13:12,036 --> 00:13:15,993 The icy waters and limited visibility of the harbor are not to everyone's liking. 167 00:13:19,994 --> 00:13:24,411 Swimming on the so-called tourist route 168 00:13:25,453 --> 00:13:27,870 I see new things every time. 169 00:13:28,036 --> 00:13:33,453 And then there are still ships waiting to be explored and discovered 170 00:13:33,578 --> 00:13:36,369 and there are battleships that are so big, 171 00:13:36,536 --> 00:13:39,620 you have the opportunity to go places where no one has been before, 172 00:13:39,786 --> 00:13:42,036 these corridors have not been walked in for hundreds of years. 173 00:13:47,536 --> 00:13:50,870 War has always brought new technology, 174 00:13:51,286 --> 00:13:53,828 naval warfare is no exception. 175 00:13:54,786 --> 00:13:58,286 At the beginning of the 20th century, the latest technical achievements were combined 176 00:13:58,411 --> 00:14:02,703 into a unified weapon system - a battleship. 177 00:14:08,786 --> 00:14:12,244 In the early 20th century, a battleship was 178 00:14:12,453 --> 00:14:17,286 which was the culmination of success and progress in many technical fields . 179 00:14:17,786 --> 00:14:21,786 Steam turbine engines were used to propel these large ships . 180 00:14:21,994 --> 00:14:25,703 Advances in communications, optics and firearms, 181 00:14:25,828 --> 00:14:29,244 the possible size of these weapons, everything matched 182 00:14:29,369 --> 00:14:34,536 in those amazing war machines that became the symbols of every navy. 183 00:14:34,661 --> 00:14:36,870 If you didn't have one, who were you? 184 00:14:43,036 --> 00:14:48,161 During World War I, Scapa was home to dozens of British warships. 185 00:14:49,703 --> 00:14:52,703 And when the struggle in 1918 ended in November, 186 00:14:53,161 --> 00:14:56,661 the German navy was stationed here for internment. 187 00:14:58,036 --> 00:15:01,161 Emily Turton is Scapa Flow's Dive Master 188 00:15:01,494 --> 00:15:05,244 and an expert on what became of these once feared German ships. 189 00:15:07,578 --> 00:15:10,912 Scapa Flow is surrounded by the southern Orkney Islands, 190 00:15:11,036 --> 00:15:14,620 creating a huge natural harbor, 191 00:15:14,745 --> 00:15:17,203 what you see behind me and all around us, 192 00:15:17,786 --> 00:15:23,077 which made it strategically the best place to station a navy 193 00:15:23,203 --> 00:15:25,453 both during World War I and World War II. 194 00:15:25,703 --> 00:15:31,244 The German Navy during I MS did not want Scapa Flow to be so important to them, 195 00:15:31,745 --> 00:15:36,494 but eventually it became the final resting place of their fleet. 196 00:15:46,620 --> 00:15:50,620 Until the Allies worked out treaty terms for peace with Germany, 197 00:15:51,203 --> 00:15:55,161 German ships stood under British artillery fire for half a year. 198 00:15:55,912 --> 00:15:58,453 But on June 21, 1919 199 00:15:58,953 --> 00:16:02,828 the remaining German team members took matters into their own hands. 200 00:16:04,745 --> 00:16:09,870 Admiral von Reuter was not kept informed of the peace negotiations. 201 00:16:10,036 --> 00:16:12,994 He expected the entire German fleet to be taken over 202 00:16:13,119 --> 00:16:16,620 and that it would be divided among the allied forces. 203 00:16:16,912 --> 00:16:21,119 He couldn't help it because the ships were armed. 204 00:16:21,244 --> 00:16:24,578 He couldn't resist, so his only option 205 00:16:24,703 --> 00:16:28,994 was to sink these ships so that no one could get them. 206 00:16:34,912 --> 00:16:39,993 The destruction of the German fleet was the largest mass sinking of ships in history. 207 00:16:40,912 --> 00:16:45,994 52 ships, from the latest 27,000 ton battleships 208 00:16:46,369 --> 00:16:50,994 up to 600-ton destroyers, sank to the bottom of Scapa Flow. 209 00:16:52,786 --> 00:16:57,620 A good day was chosen for the immersion. British fleet at Scapa 210 00:16:57,745 --> 00:17:01,453 was headed for training so there were few ships in port, 211 00:17:01,912 --> 00:17:06,369 and there were few men and boats and they could not get to the German ships, 212 00:17:06,494 --> 00:17:08,993 to stop them from doing what they did. 213 00:17:09,453 --> 00:17:11,933 On any other day an entire battle squadron would have been present, 214 00:17:12,077 --> 00:17:16,870 there would have been more men than Germans and they would have kept the ships afloat. 215 00:17:26,035 --> 00:17:31,203 Captain Nigel James is an expert in shipwreck recovery. 216 00:17:32,661 --> 00:17:36,494 All ships usually have kingstons 217 00:17:36,620 --> 00:17:40,286 and these kingstons are located in the engine compartment. 218 00:17:40,828 --> 00:17:44,786 Through them the ship gets water 219 00:17:45,328 --> 00:17:49,244 for engine compartment systems and ballasting, 220 00:17:49,369 --> 00:17:53,328 the system takes the water to the bottom ballast tanks. 221 00:17:53,453 --> 00:17:57,745 And these pipes are huge, they are of such a diameter, 222 00:17:57,870 --> 00:18:02,077 they are so big that you can't reach around them to grab them. 223 00:18:02,703 --> 00:18:06,411 If you want to sink a ship, you open the Kingston valves 224 00:18:06,536 --> 00:18:10,703 and open others, taps leading to the system, 225 00:18:10,870 --> 00:18:14,411 so that the water can flow directly into the interior of the vessel, 226 00:18:14,870 --> 00:18:19,244 which would create the negative buoyancy needed to sink the ship. 227 00:18:20,661 --> 00:18:23,453 The sinking of the German fleet in 1919, 228 00:18:23,578 --> 00:18:28,994 when a number of warships sank in the mouth is a relatively forgotten event, 229 00:18:29,161 --> 00:18:33,161 as it was a somewhat shameful story from the British point of view, 230 00:18:33,286 --> 00:18:35,453 because we could not prevent it. 231 00:18:35,578 --> 00:18:37,870 In fact, we would have liked to have these ships 232 00:18:37,993 --> 00:18:41,328 and the German admiral and his captains 233 00:18:41,453 --> 00:18:46,203 partially saved their honor by sinking their ships, 234 00:18:46,369 --> 00:18:50,786 instead of giving them away so it's not a glorious episode 235 00:18:50,912 --> 00:18:55,703 and of course it overshadowed it in its own way 236 00:18:55,828 --> 00:18:57,993 many land battles. 237 00:18:59,369 --> 00:19:04,244 One man decided not to leave 40,000 tons of metal and machinery 238 00:19:04,369 --> 00:19:06,536 to rust the seabed. 239 00:19:08,494 --> 00:19:12,786 Ernest Cox was an engineer with no seabed rescue experience, 240 00:19:13,369 --> 00:19:17,077 but in 1920 he began to attempt the impossible. 241 00:19:22,912 --> 00:19:26,244 Engineering is fundamentally about achieving the impossible. 242 00:19:26,828 --> 00:19:29,453 The problem faced by Ernest Cox, 243 00:19:29,661 --> 00:19:33,328 was how to raise 52 sunken warships 244 00:19:33,536 --> 00:19:36,786 up from the ocean floor and delivered to dry land. 245 00:19:37,077 --> 00:19:39,494 Warships came in many sizes and shapes, 246 00:19:39,703 --> 00:19:43,578 the largest of these were 26,000-ton battleships. 247 00:19:44,119 --> 00:19:46,578 Ernest Cox, known as the man who bought the fleet, 248 00:19:46,703 --> 00:19:51,411 is such a rare person who is ready to offer a win in a game of chance. 249 00:19:51,703 --> 00:19:54,328 Money floats at the bottom of Scapa Flow, 250 00:19:54,453 --> 00:19:57,494 but he doesn't know how to bring it to the surface 251 00:19:57,703 --> 00:20:00,328 and taken to a shipyard to be scrapped. 252 00:20:00,994 --> 00:20:05,578 At that time there was no such lifting power, 253 00:20:05,993 --> 00:20:08,786 as we have today. 254 00:20:08,912 --> 00:20:10,993 They had to use air. 255 00:20:11,077 --> 00:20:15,828 If the hull can be made airtight 256 00:20:15,953 --> 00:20:20,244 and fill with air, it is possible to raise it to the surface. 257 00:20:20,369 --> 00:20:24,369 For this, the base must be quite healthy. 258 00:20:27,328 --> 00:20:31,912 One of Cox's methods was the detailing of smaller ships 259 00:20:32,119 --> 00:20:34,912 use to surface their larger sisters. 260 00:20:37,828 --> 00:20:43,036 One example of Cox's genius is that he used chimneys, 261 00:20:43,203 --> 00:20:47,912 taken from raised ships to create huge airlocks, 262 00:20:48,036 --> 00:20:53,286 which started from the surface of the water where the ships were raised 263 00:20:53,786 --> 00:20:57,870 and he welded them together, making very long pipes 264 00:20:58,119 --> 00:21:00,620 and got an airlock right at the bottom of the sea, 265 00:21:00,745 --> 00:21:04,745 where the hull of the sunken ship lay. 266 00:21:08,620 --> 00:21:11,912 In the 20s and 30s , the scrap metal price was 267 00:21:11,994 --> 00:21:15,993 that made raising sunken ships worthwhile. 268 00:21:20,328 --> 00:21:24,953 However, 1945 brought a new and powerful weapon system 269 00:21:25,161 --> 00:21:28,328 a new use for the remnants of the German fleet . 270 00:21:30,578 --> 00:21:35,077 A strange twist in the story, and probably a completely unexpected result, is that 271 00:21:35,620 --> 00:21:40,536 how about the armor that protected the super weapons of the past - battleships 272 00:21:40,661 --> 00:21:43,828 against the largest explosions possible at the time, 273 00:21:43,953 --> 00:21:48,745 used to analyze contemporary effectiveness and impact. 274 00:21:48,870 --> 00:21:52,453 So today's superweapon: the nuclear weapon. 275 00:21:52,786 --> 00:21:57,661 On steel made before the first nuclear explosion, 276 00:21:57,912 --> 00:22:00,328 has a much smaller radiation signature 277 00:22:00,578 --> 00:22:03,828 than on modern steel made in an irradiated atmosphere, 278 00:22:04,036 --> 00:22:07,703 because the process of making quality steel uses a lot of air. 279 00:22:07,994 --> 00:22:10,161 So when radiation is measured, 280 00:22:10,286 --> 00:22:15,036 then the equipment used for this should not be irradiated. 281 00:22:15,244 --> 00:22:18,993 This steel, which has been submerged since 1919, 282 00:22:19,077 --> 00:22:21,369 is very useful for this purpose . 283 00:22:22,828 --> 00:22:27,077 Doctors need a way to measure a person's radiation level, 284 00:22:27,494 --> 00:22:30,993 which would not be disturbed by high background radiation. 285 00:22:32,578 --> 00:22:35,369 The quality of German steel is shown by 286 00:22:35,494 --> 00:22:40,994 that it could later be used for radiation experiments in hospitals, 287 00:22:41,828 --> 00:22:47,077 in this way, only high-quality steel could be used, 288 00:22:47,203 --> 00:22:50,369 which had been produced before the first atomic bomb. 289 00:22:50,494 --> 00:22:55,494 But, of course, the creators of this wonderful German metal would not 290 00:22:55,620 --> 00:22:58,203 imagined what use it would eventually find. 291 00:22:58,328 --> 00:23:01,369 They thought it would be used for the glory of Germany 292 00:23:01,494 --> 00:23:05,036 and for a very different purpose than that for which it was finally used. 293 00:23:05,536 --> 00:23:07,828 Abandoned Buildings 294 00:23:08,536 --> 00:23:10,870 Ghost ships 295 00:23:10,994 --> 00:23:13,203 Abandoned Buildings 296 00:23:13,494 --> 00:23:15,786 Ghost ships 297 00:23:17,870 --> 00:23:22,161 Mallows Bay is located on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean near Washington. 298 00:23:22,536 --> 00:23:24,745 It is still there today at a depth of a few meters 299 00:23:24,953 --> 00:23:29,036 the remains of the second World War I fleet are visible. 300 00:23:34,494 --> 00:23:37,661 The Potomac is one of the most historic rivers in the United States 301 00:23:37,994 --> 00:23:41,369 and an important waterway to Washington. 302 00:23:42,912 --> 00:23:46,870 But many people living on the banks of the river have no idea 303 00:23:47,286 --> 00:23:52,786 that there is something hidden there that cost the United States millions of dollars 304 00:23:53,828 --> 00:23:56,161 Mallows Bay Ghost Fleet. 305 00:23:56,828 --> 00:24:01,536 We are in Mallows Bay, which is 50 km from Washington. 306 00:24:01,661 --> 00:24:04,328 Here there is a bay soup about 800 meters wide, 307 00:24:04,453 --> 00:24:08,786 which is full of World War I wooden ships, steamships, 308 00:24:08,912 --> 00:24:11,912 there are about 130 vessels in this area 309 00:24:12,036 --> 00:24:16,328 and most of them - about a hundred - are bases from the time of the First World War. 310 00:24:21,912 --> 00:24:25,994 When the United States entered World War I in April 1917 , 311 00:24:26,286 --> 00:24:30,036 his factories had been producing equipment for the Allies for two years. 312 00:24:31,161 --> 00:24:35,828 Now they were tasked with supplying America's own forces. 313 00:24:37,036 --> 00:24:41,536 Was the US ready for war? Was not. 314 00:24:41,870 --> 00:24:46,703 In fact, US industry was producing at full speed 315 00:24:46,828 --> 00:24:49,536 armaments for the allied forces. 316 00:24:49,912 --> 00:24:55,036 All American industry supplied the British, the French, and the Russians. 317 00:24:55,286 --> 00:24:58,953 They had no spare production capacity and were not ready to fight. 318 00:24:59,786 --> 00:25:04,494 They were unable to continue sending supplies to the Allies in Europe 319 00:25:04,620 --> 00:25:06,536 and that was a big problem. 320 00:25:06,661 --> 00:25:09,953 If we go to war and have to, in addition to supplying the Allies 321 00:25:10,036 --> 00:25:12,994 to transport our own soldiers as well, we need an awful lot of ships. 322 00:25:13,203 --> 00:25:16,953 How many ships do we really have? It turned out that there were not enough of them, 323 00:25:17,036 --> 00:25:20,578 because an extraordinary guide was published 324 00:25:20,703 --> 00:25:25,953 to create a thousand 90-meter wooden ships that would do the job. 325 00:25:30,536 --> 00:25:34,620 The result was one of the largest shipbuilding projects in history. 326 00:25:35,994 --> 00:25:39,369 Maryland State Underwater Archaeologist Susan Langley 327 00:25:39,494 --> 00:25:42,119 is an expert on this unusual story. 328 00:25:44,119 --> 00:25:47,536 With the advent of World War I, a proposal was made 329 00:25:47,661 --> 00:25:52,536 to make 2 million tons of ships in a year and a half . 330 00:25:52,661 --> 00:25:57,411 It was a phenomenal offer. A thousand steamships were requested. 331 00:25:57,578 --> 00:26:01,786 They weren't warships, they were civilian support ships. 332 00:26:01,953 --> 00:26:05,536 The trouble was that they were 80 to 90 meters long, 333 00:26:05,745 --> 00:26:08,369 their speed was to be no more than 10 knots, 334 00:26:08,536 --> 00:26:11,870 so they were vulnerable, they weren't fast, 335 00:26:12,161 --> 00:26:15,161 they were sacrificial, meeting a German submarine 336 00:26:15,286 --> 00:26:19,286 it was preferable to lose a wooden ship rather than a steel ship. 337 00:26:19,411 --> 00:26:24,703 Although we didn't want to lose the supply, the supply line had to be kept open, 338 00:26:24,912 --> 00:26:28,912 getting this equipment across the sea was of the utmost importance. 339 00:26:29,494 --> 00:26:34,369 The big American shipyards were already working at the limit of their capabilities. 340 00:26:35,411 --> 00:26:38,912 The order for 1,000 steamers was impossible to fulfill. 341 00:26:41,620 --> 00:26:44,620 The US government had no choice but to take a step back 342 00:26:44,745 --> 00:26:47,912 and use technology from a previous era . 343 00:26:50,203 --> 00:26:53,912 1916 iron shipbuilding was not a very large industry in America, 344 00:26:53,994 --> 00:26:58,953 so the Americans saw building wooden ships as a quicker solution. 345 00:26:59,328 --> 00:27:01,470 Put steam engines in ships, but build ships out of wood, 346 00:27:01,494 --> 00:27:05,745 because it would be faster than creating new shipbuilding centers. 347 00:27:06,411 --> 00:27:09,119 Eight different basic constructs came under question 348 00:27:09,244 --> 00:27:13,870 and each shipyard did what it did best. 349 00:27:14,203 --> 00:27:16,953 In 1917, it was not known when the war would end. 350 00:27:17,411 --> 00:27:21,369 It didn't have to happen very soon , and a year and a half was a short time 351 00:27:21,494 --> 00:27:25,494 in order to complete 200 million tons of ships, 352 00:27:25,620 --> 00:27:27,953 which was badly needed. 353 00:27:32,286 --> 00:27:35,119 Contracts to build this huge wooden fleet 354 00:27:35,453 --> 00:27:38,703 went to 87 shipbuilders across America. 355 00:27:39,828 --> 00:27:44,870 The project was to be a unique war-winning triumph of American construction . 356 00:27:45,870 --> 00:27:49,994 However, it soon became clear that the shipyards could not cope with the work. 357 00:27:52,870 --> 00:27:56,993 In my opinion, the maritime sector was not an industry 358 00:27:57,161 --> 00:28:02,703 ready to build a thousand ships ready for an emergency. 359 00:28:03,828 --> 00:28:06,786 The ships had to be built quickly, the problem was with raw wood, 360 00:28:06,912 --> 00:28:10,119 the problems were with leakage and vibration. 361 00:28:10,244 --> 00:28:14,411 Here are the large concrete blocks that were used to balance the bases. 362 00:28:14,536 --> 00:28:16,745 The ships were basically patched up. 363 00:28:17,203 --> 00:28:21,620 The shipyards were too small, they didn't have enough resources, 364 00:28:21,745 --> 00:28:27,369 many had not built ships for some years. 365 00:28:27,703 --> 00:28:32,328 At the beginning of the 20th century, this industry was no longer very dynamic. 366 00:28:32,494 --> 00:28:35,328 Many men had gone to do other work. 367 00:28:37,203 --> 00:28:42,870 People who had no means, tools and experience were used 368 00:28:43,161 --> 00:28:46,620 and for whom the work was probably too much, 369 00:28:46,828 --> 00:28:50,244 so that by the end of World War I none of these 1000 ships 370 00:28:50,369 --> 00:28:54,703 only 130 of them were completed - none of the 1000 ships were used, 371 00:28:54,828 --> 00:28:59,828 to transport men or equipment across the Atlantic . 372 00:29:03,994 --> 00:29:06,745 Changes and improvements to the ships meant that, 373 00:29:06,912 --> 00:29:10,286 that each of these ships cost a full million dollars. 374 00:29:11,620 --> 00:29:14,620 And the entire program was behind schedule. 375 00:29:15,453 --> 00:29:17,953 Costs were getting out of control. 376 00:29:19,703 --> 00:29:23,077 Incredibly, a year had passed since the end of the war, 377 00:29:23,453 --> 00:29:27,411 when the US government finally canceled the order for the wooden fleet 378 00:29:28,244 --> 00:29:31,328 and two hundred unnecessary ships remained in their hands . 379 00:29:32,036 --> 00:29:35,578 Thousands of dollars had been spent to keep them afloat . 380 00:29:35,786 --> 00:29:37,993 Now there was only one way. 381 00:29:38,828 --> 00:29:42,912 Most of them were anchored on the other side of the river in the so-called "stormy water" area, 382 00:29:43,077 --> 00:29:47,661 from where they were transported to Alexandria to have the metal parts removed. 383 00:29:47,870 --> 00:29:49,994 Some wood, mostly metal, 384 00:29:50,953 --> 00:29:54,536 but there were always problems due to storms and fires , 385 00:29:54,786 --> 00:29:58,620 because the ships got loose and were a danger to shipping. 386 00:29:59,161 --> 00:30:03,703 So the ships were tied together and burned down to the waterline, 387 00:30:03,870 --> 00:30:09,286 were taken to the bay, filled with stones and left there. 388 00:30:10,286 --> 00:30:12,745 At most , thirty ships were burned at one time. 389 00:30:14,536 --> 00:30:17,745 In the end, the entire project became an example of 390 00:30:17,870 --> 00:30:21,161 what happens when you start doing something unprepared, 391 00:30:21,286 --> 00:30:24,244 you make hasty decisions and spend a lot of money. 392 00:30:24,578 --> 00:30:27,912 This is a classic problem with democratic governments. 393 00:30:30,036 --> 00:30:34,578 So we have ordered a thousand ships that cost a million dollars each. 394 00:30:34,703 --> 00:30:38,411 Is it an American "can do" or an American "shouldn't"? 395 00:30:38,578 --> 00:30:42,161 Today they are in the wild ecosystem, 396 00:30:42,411 --> 00:30:45,994 but it is the most expensive nature reserve in history. 397 00:30:51,620 --> 00:30:55,411 From the disastrous story that turned Mallows Bay into a dump, 398 00:30:55,703 --> 00:30:58,786 had met with unusual and unexpected success. 399 00:31:00,244 --> 00:31:03,993 A backdrop to the ships that lie here almost forgotten, 400 00:31:04,703 --> 00:31:07,703 but it deserves its place in US history. 401 00:31:12,203 --> 00:31:14,578 Abandoned Buildings 402 00:31:15,077 --> 00:31:17,786 Ghost ships 403 00:31:17,994 --> 00:31:20,369 Abandoned Buildings 404 00:31:20,620 --> 00:31:22,703 Ghost ships 405 00:31:27,703 --> 00:31:30,203 In the city of Rochester in southern England, there is proof that 406 00:31:30,328 --> 00:31:34,870 that it is not only difficult to get rid of wooden steamships . 407 00:31:36,786 --> 00:31:41,036 It is home to a class of Soviet warships, 408 00:31:41,661 --> 00:31:44,119 which nearly ignited World War III 50 years ago . 409 00:31:48,328 --> 00:31:52,536 The River Medway was home to the British fleet for hundreds of years, 410 00:31:52,912 --> 00:31:55,912 so warships are a common sight here. 411 00:31:56,328 --> 00:32:00,453 However, when the Soviet Foxtrot-class submarine B49 412 00:32:00,578 --> 00:32:05,453 arrived in 2003. Down to Rochester, that 's when it happened for the first time. 413 00:32:07,828 --> 00:32:11,912 John Sutton is responsible for this relic of the Cold War. 414 00:32:18,993 --> 00:32:22,244 and one of the 22 torpedoes the ship carried. 415 00:32:23,578 --> 00:32:25,828 Mostly with conventional explosives, 416 00:32:25,994 --> 00:32:30,077 but they were also capable of carrying nuclear warheads. 417 00:32:30,411 --> 00:32:32,453 But they didn't always have them with them. 418 00:32:34,620 --> 00:32:39,369 The Cold War is often seen as a time when nuclear missiles and tanks 419 00:32:39,494 --> 00:32:42,119 were lined up and waiting to be implemented. 420 00:32:43,912 --> 00:32:46,578 However, it is often forgotten that at sea 421 00:32:46,993 --> 00:32:49,953 the opposing sides were often faced together. 422 00:32:51,912 --> 00:32:56,745 When we talk about the Cold War, we imagine everyone sitting in a fur coat. 423 00:32:57,203 --> 00:33:00,993 Actually, a lot happened. We know there was a covert air war, 424 00:33:01,077 --> 00:33:03,661 we know that the Americans spied on Russia, 425 00:33:04,161 --> 00:33:07,161 but all used submarines to explore others' backyards, 426 00:33:07,286 --> 00:33:09,828 cut a little in between and spy. 427 00:33:10,036 --> 00:33:12,328 The British and Americans spied on the Russians 428 00:33:12,578 --> 00:33:14,661 and the Russians tried to stop them from spying. 429 00:33:15,661 --> 00:33:19,203 Many things happened under water, so the submarine is 430 00:33:19,328 --> 00:33:22,661 a warship symbolizing the cold war, as it is the most active, 431 00:33:22,786 --> 00:33:25,994 it is the only one that can be used without leaving a visible trace. 432 00:33:30,494 --> 00:33:34,578 Submarines became the main striking force of the Soviet fleet. 433 00:33:35,620 --> 00:33:40,536 At a time when the US and British fleets only wanted a nuclear fleet, 434 00:33:41,077 --> 00:33:47,369 continued to use diesel-electric ships similar to the Nsvl B49 . 435 00:33:48,203 --> 00:33:50,993 The Soviet attitude towards submarine warfare was something like this: 436 00:33:51,077 --> 00:33:54,578 "If it ain't broke, there's no need to fix it." 437 00:33:55,077 --> 00:33:59,286 The Soviets continued to use diesel power because it was efficient, 438 00:33:59,494 --> 00:34:05,077 went where it needed to go, although not in the most comfortable way. 439 00:34:05,203 --> 00:34:08,369 It was so tight in those machines 440 00:34:08,661 --> 00:34:14,119 and three large locomotive engines were running at all times. 441 00:34:14,244 --> 00:34:18,244 The noise and smell there must have been terrible. 442 00:34:19,536 --> 00:34:24,244 Many wonder why Nsvl continued to build outdated technology 443 00:34:24,452 --> 00:34:28,994 with his Foxtrot class until the 80s. 444 00:34:29,244 --> 00:34:33,952 Of course, there was newer technology that they could have used. 445 00:34:34,161 --> 00:34:39,786 But their production preferred quantity over quality. 446 00:34:39,992 --> 00:34:45,036 That was the reason - the most important were the numbers. 447 00:34:45,202 --> 00:34:48,745 Of course, you could upgrade, but why do that when there is such a good thing? 448 00:34:50,244 --> 00:34:55,411 This pantry version of a submarine could be called a workhorse, 449 00:34:55,536 --> 00:35:00,578 it was a fairly simple submarine, but it was enough, 450 00:35:00,870 --> 00:35:04,578 to make the Americans and NATO worried and make them look for 451 00:35:04,703 --> 00:35:07,870 because the submarine could still carry a nuclear bomb. 452 00:35:08,161 --> 00:35:12,786 Although not particularly glamorous, it was Russia's most effective weapon. 453 00:35:19,536 --> 00:35:22,912 The problem with diesel powered submarines was that 454 00:35:23,036 --> 00:35:26,578 that they could not remain under water for a long time. 455 00:35:27,203 --> 00:35:31,994 The Foxtrot class was able to dive, for two, maybe three days, 456 00:35:32,119 --> 00:35:36,536 but then they had to push their batteries to the limit to stay under water . 457 00:35:36,828 --> 00:35:40,953 They could rise below the surface, 458 00:35:41,036 --> 00:35:44,203 start the engines and charge the batteries, 459 00:35:44,661 --> 00:35:49,912 but they could be spotted by airplanes from a depth of four meters 460 00:35:49,994 --> 00:35:52,870 below the surface, they would be quite easy for aircraft to spot. 461 00:35:55,411 --> 00:36:00,286 The weakness of Foxtrot-class submarines became an important factor, 462 00:36:00,912 --> 00:36:05,786 when four of them were sent against the US Navy during the Cuban Missile Crisis. 463 00:36:07,453 --> 00:36:12,953 Soviet Foxtrot-class submarines were in the Caribbean during the Cuban Missile Crisis 464 00:36:13,161 --> 00:36:17,870 and the Americans did not find all the Foxtrot in the Atlantic. 465 00:36:17,993 --> 00:36:23,328 They found two and sat on them until they ran out of air. 466 00:36:23,578 --> 00:36:26,077 But the other two managed to sneak through. 467 00:36:28,244 --> 00:36:32,993 Conditions aboard the hunting Foxtrots became unbearable, 468 00:36:33,161 --> 00:36:36,328 as both air and energy began to run out. 469 00:36:37,912 --> 00:36:41,578 The Russians designed them only as war machines, 470 00:36:41,703 --> 00:36:47,328 they did not construct comfortable conditions for the team. 471 00:36:47,994 --> 00:36:52,286 The heat, smells and humidity were quite unbearable, 472 00:36:52,411 --> 00:36:56,494 depending on the ocean of course so it was not a pleasant experience. 473 00:36:57,745 --> 00:37:01,161 They were so claustrophobic! There were 74 per man on board 474 00:37:01,745 --> 00:37:06,286 just one toilet and two showers, imagine how disgusting it was. 475 00:37:06,453 --> 00:37:11,453 It's amazing they made it across the Atlantic at all. 476 00:37:12,828 --> 00:37:18,328 There was no more personal space than the immediate space around you. 477 00:37:19,369 --> 00:37:25,203 No wonder it gets to you after a while 478 00:37:25,536 --> 00:37:31,203 and you begin to lose your mind - judgment is no longer the same 479 00:37:31,453 --> 00:37:33,536 and you are extremely stressed. 480 00:37:33,828 --> 00:37:37,286 The Soviet team members were in such conditions . 481 00:37:39,244 --> 00:37:44,786 The US did not know if the Foxtrots had nuclear warheads in their torpedoes. 482 00:37:45,661 --> 00:37:50,203 Not being able to contact Moscow and not knowing if war had already broken out, 483 00:37:50,661 --> 00:37:53,786 a Soviet captain was ready to send the torpedoes. 484 00:37:55,786 --> 00:38:01,077 People don't know how close we were to World War III during the Cuban Missile Crisis. 485 00:38:02,077 --> 00:38:05,661 The US threw deadly charges at the Russians underwater 486 00:38:06,119 --> 00:38:10,828 and tested their ability. 487 00:38:10,994 --> 00:38:14,244 The Russian ships had been submerged for a long time 488 00:38:14,369 --> 00:38:18,536 and the captain of one of them began to lose his mind. 489 00:38:19,494 --> 00:38:22,703 As they were ordered not to communicate with Russia, 490 00:38:22,828 --> 00:38:26,411 they had no way of knowing what was going on around them. 491 00:38:26,620 --> 00:38:29,870 But from the radio signals they put together piece by piece, 492 00:38:30,077 --> 00:38:33,994 that something is happening on the surface of the water, that they are being searched for. 493 00:38:35,077 --> 00:38:41,077 This one captain was ready to launch a nuclear torpedo. 494 00:38:41,994 --> 00:38:45,077 He had been underwater too long 495 00:38:45,203 --> 00:38:49,536 and thought that World War III had started, so he went to push the button, 496 00:38:49,703 --> 00:38:53,993 to launch a nuclear warhead at US naval vessels. 497 00:38:54,119 --> 00:38:57,620 His colleague said: Don't do it, you can't do it, stop it." 498 00:38:57,870 --> 00:39:01,993 If there is an unsung hero, 499 00:39:02,077 --> 00:39:05,411 then the man who stopped the commander from starting World War III. 500 00:39:09,703 --> 00:39:14,453 With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact in 1989 501 00:39:15,077 --> 00:39:19,411 unnecessary warships began to pile up in ship graveyards, 502 00:39:20,036 --> 00:39:22,620 creating a looming natural disaster. 503 00:39:24,994 --> 00:39:30,203 We had to get rid of them properly , 504 00:39:30,494 --> 00:39:34,703 otherwise an environmental disaster would have ensued . 505 00:39:35,620 --> 00:39:38,786 Modern warships are full of truly terrible things. 506 00:39:39,953 --> 00:39:45,036 II MS ships are full of asbestos, diesel and worse. 507 00:39:45,578 --> 00:39:50,828 Yes, it costs more than just scrapping, 508 00:39:51,161 --> 00:39:55,369 but who knows what effect they would have on the environment and the Earth? 509 00:40:00,453 --> 00:40:06,077 There was a problem with radioactive contamination during the dismantling of nuclear ships. 510 00:40:06,244 --> 00:40:11,369 Even diesel submarines have a dangerous cocktail of pollutants. 511 00:40:11,994 --> 00:40:14,953 Simply throwing them into the sea was out of the question. 512 00:40:30,328 --> 00:40:33,536 Although B49 appears to be completely broken down, 513 00:40:34,453 --> 00:40:37,411 its current owner is doing restoration work, 514 00:40:37,786 --> 00:40:40,286 so that the ship can be turned into a tourist attraction. 515 00:40:43,912 --> 00:40:46,578 In contrast, Mallow Bay is from the Ghost Fleet 516 00:40:47,244 --> 00:40:51,953 already received a unique marine resource - an archaeological area, 517 00:40:52,411 --> 00:40:56,077 nature reserve and leisure center and all this at the same time. 518 00:40:56,620 --> 00:41:00,870 But the ships built quickly a century ago don't last forever. 519 00:41:02,786 --> 00:41:07,161 It has to be in the top five for environmental and historical enclaves. 520 00:41:07,286 --> 00:41:10,745 It may not be a cross-section of ships, but because they tell their own story 521 00:41:10,870 --> 00:41:13,993 and as they give credit to the merchant fleet, 522 00:41:14,077 --> 00:41:16,870 have now become an integral part of this environment, 523 00:41:17,119 --> 00:41:21,661 where both aspects are present and will continue in the future, 524 00:41:21,828 --> 00:41:27,786 it is the link between the environmental living laboratory and the future. 525 00:41:33,494 --> 00:41:38,077 Unfortunately, Cerberus will no longer be a tourist attraction. 526 00:41:38,912 --> 00:41:42,745 But her wreck has become a center for marine conservation. 527 00:41:44,993 --> 00:41:50,369 For decades, Heritage Victoria has led research into the wreck, 528 00:41:50,494 --> 00:41:55,286 so with archeological research we can piece together the history of the ship. 529 00:41:55,494 --> 00:41:58,244 These include studies of the base's exterior 530 00:41:58,369 --> 00:42:01,703 and interior research using a remotely operated vehicle. 531 00:42:01,994 --> 00:42:05,994 Every time we look at the base, we learn about its design and equipment 532 00:42:06,119 --> 00:42:08,994 and about how the hull was made 533 00:42:09,203 --> 00:42:13,369 and its amazing ability to freeboard down 534 00:42:13,703 --> 00:42:19,203 and about weapons and armament, there is so much to learn from the original ship. 535 00:42:22,536 --> 00:42:26,993 Seven shipwrecks preserved in the icy waters of Scapa Flow 536 00:42:27,077 --> 00:42:29,494 attract divers from all over the world. 537 00:42:30,369 --> 00:42:33,786 But there are stories about how the steel of these lost sisters 538 00:42:33,912 --> 00:42:36,661 has made one last incredible journey. 539 00:42:37,203 --> 00:42:39,703 A fascinating modern myth tells, 540 00:42:39,912 --> 00:42:42,453 that from the steel of a German battleship sunk near Orkney 541 00:42:42,578 --> 00:42:47,578 used to build the Voyager spacecraft , 542 00:42:47,745 --> 00:42:50,745 which were supposed to head into the depths of the universe. 543 00:42:51,661 --> 00:42:56,036 The idea of ​​a fleet of warships reaching the edge of the solar system, 544 00:42:56,161 --> 00:43:00,703 may seem a little strange, but outdated technologies, 545 00:43:00,828 --> 00:43:05,661 which is no longer needed for a long time can be used for other things. 546 00:43:06,244 --> 00:43:11,536 This isn't the only time old naval equipment has been used in space . 547 00:43:15,912 --> 00:43:21,119 It may be a myth, but to the German engineers who built the ships, 548 00:43:21,453 --> 00:43:23,953 might like the idea that their hard work 549 00:43:24,161 --> 00:43:26,870 plays a role in humanity's greatest journey 550 00:43:28,453 --> 00:43:30,536 traveled to the stars.