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00:00:06,683 --> 00:00:13,123
<b>NARRATOR</b>: Johnny and Pauline
Falk are adventurous travelers.

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00:00:13,123 --> 00:00:21,665
In 1937, they board the Pan Am
Clipper in San Francisco Bay.

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00:00:22,899 --> 00:00:26,369
Pan Am has just begun the
first commercial air service

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00:00:26,369 --> 00:00:30,340
across the Pacific.

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00:00:31,508 --> 00:00:35,779
It's no simple task.

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00:00:35,779 --> 00:00:40,650
The small float plane
faces an 8200-mile flight path.

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00:00:41,284 --> 00:00:44,187
It pushes the
limits of its range...

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00:00:44,187 --> 00:00:50,927
to fly between tiny dots
scattered across the great sea.

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00:00:50,927 --> 00:00:55,565
Airborne at last,
Pauline writes in her diary.

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00:00:55,565 --> 00:00:58,368
<font color="
flight is so smooth,

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00:00:58,368 --> 00:01:02,472
there is no feeling about it.

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00:01:02,472 --> 00:01:07,277
<b>NARRATOR</b>: After 19 hours,
they make their first landing.

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00:01:07,277 --> 00:01:11,881
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

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00:01:11,881 --> 00:01:17,320
This American
territory is barely American.

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00:01:17,620 --> 00:01:21,458
Its people are more
rooted in the Pacific.

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00:01:26,363 --> 00:01:30,667
Next stop -- Midway.

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00:01:33,470 --> 00:01:35,472
Johnny films an idyllic scene

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00:01:35,472 --> 00:01:41,711
on an island that
will soon become infamous.

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00:01:41,711 --> 00:01:48,418
<b>PAULINE</b>: The gooney birds are
marvelous in the sand dunes.

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00:01:48,418 --> 00:01:51,287
<b>NARRATOR</b>: Their home movies
from the Smithsonian Archives

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00:01:51,287 --> 00:01:53,289
are among the first color images

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00:01:53,289 --> 00:01:58,294
of these remote
American outposts.

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00:02:00,663 --> 00:02:04,234
Then -- Wake Island.

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00:02:04,234 --> 00:02:06,436
It's uninhabited
until Pan Am turns it

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00:02:06,436 --> 00:02:11,641
into a first class way station.

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00:02:15,178 --> 00:02:22,685
It's another 11 hours
over the open sea -- to Guam.

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00:02:23,186 --> 00:02:26,890
<b>PAULINE</b>: The most
tropical place yet.

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00:02:26,890 --> 00:02:33,797
Drove to Agana,
the largest town.

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00:02:35,198 --> 00:02:36,866
<font color="
military base protects

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00:02:36,866 --> 00:02:41,171
20,000 American nationals.

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00:02:42,839 --> 00:02:49,779
The Falk's film smiling
kids parading in uniform.

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00:02:51,481 --> 00:02:56,753
Their next stop will
be a much longer stay.

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00:03:02,192 --> 00:03:08,264
<b>PAULINE</b>: I find it
difficult to leave Manila.

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00:03:09,666 --> 00:03:10,733
<b>NARRATOR</b>: The
Philippines have been

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00:03:10,733 --> 00:03:15,371
in U.S. hands since 1898.

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00:03:15,371 --> 00:03:19,442
It's America's most
distant territory --

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00:03:19,442 --> 00:03:27,517
the edge of a young
empire, defined in neon.

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00:03:32,856 --> 00:03:39,395
Past Manila, the Falks
finally escape America's reach.

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00:03:39,762 --> 00:03:43,700
Nothing looks familiar.

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00:03:44,334 --> 00:03:50,540
In Hong Kong harbor, ships
have sails like seashells.

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00:03:52,575 --> 00:04:00,650
In China, the
boats are simpler...

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00:04:00,650 --> 00:04:05,688
and the people are spellbinding.

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00:04:06,589 --> 00:04:10,426
Finally, exactly two
months after leaving home,

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00:04:10,426 --> 00:04:14,464
they reach their
final destination.

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00:04:15,732 --> 00:04:19,169
Japan.

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00:04:44,460 --> 00:04:48,231
Johnny and Pauline's
journey is remarkable,

47
00:04:48,231 --> 00:04:52,468
and their path is prophetic.

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00:04:54,470 --> 00:04:57,407
They have crossed an
ocean that Ferdinand Magellan

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00:04:57,407 --> 00:05:03,580
named "Mar
Pacifico," the peaceful sea.

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00:05:05,848 --> 00:05:12,188
But a wave of war will soon
obliterate the Falk's footsteps,

51
00:05:12,188 --> 00:05:14,524
replacing scenes of peace

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00:05:14,524 --> 00:05:21,331
with scenes of a cataclysm
no one can yet imagine.

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00:05:21,331 --> 00:05:25,335
<i>♫  ♫</i>

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00:05:28,137 --> 00:05:30,106
<b>COL DONOVAN</b>: It looked
like you're headed for hell.

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00:05:30,106 --> 00:05:31,474
Because you were.

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00:05:31,474 --> 00:05:34,344
(explosion)

57
00:05:34,344 --> 00:05:39,882
<b>PVT MENDEZ</b>: My heart was
beating 1,000 times a minute.

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00:05:39,882 --> 00:05:41,851
<b>THOMAS</b>: They didn't
want to be captured.

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00:05:41,851 --> 00:05:48,224
It was either us... or them.

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00:05:48,524 --> 00:05:50,627
<b>SN RIPPER</b>: Coming towards
us was a Japanese plane,

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00:05:50,627 --> 00:05:53,196
just skimming over the water.

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00:05:53,196 --> 00:05:56,733
(din of war)

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00:05:56,733 --> 00:05:58,901
<b>K.L.</b>: My eyes
were paining with oil.

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00:05:58,901 --> 00:06:03,072
But we got a rope,
and were taken aboard.

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00:06:04,140 --> 00:06:07,310
<b>JERELL</b>: The
beach was a mountain.

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00:06:07,310 --> 00:06:11,080
<b>TIM</b>: We didn't think
of ourselves as heroes.

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00:06:11,080 --> 00:06:14,817
<font color="
just what I remember.

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00:06:14,817 --> 00:06:17,620
It's what I'll never forget.

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00:06:17,620 --> 00:06:21,624
♫  Theme Music Playing  ♫

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00:06:25,400 --> 00:06:33,250
Brought to you by <b>Sailor420</b>
!!! Hope you enjoy the film !!!

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(car horns honking)

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<b>NARRATOR</b>: Philadelphia, 1939.

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00:06:43,212 --> 00:06:46,316
There's a buzz building
inside Municipal Stadium.

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00:06:46,316 --> 00:06:48,685
<font color="

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00:06:48,685 --> 00:06:53,289
A marching band warms up the
crowd on a chilly December day.

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00:06:53,289 --> 00:06:57,293
(marching band plays)

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00:07:00,129 --> 00:07:04,567
Then, military
formations fill the field.

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00:07:04,567 --> 00:07:11,741
First the Army, then the Navy.

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00:07:14,344 --> 00:07:20,183
Once the field is
clear, the battle begins.

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This is the first known color
film of the Army Navy game.

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00:07:28,257 --> 00:07:32,495
(crowd cheering)

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00:07:33,696 --> 00:07:38,701
Colonel Wilbur Dockum
shoots from his corner seat.

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00:07:40,670 --> 00:07:44,173
<i>♫  ♫</i>

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00:07:44,173 --> 00:07:49,746
Dockum also films his Army
unit training at West Point.

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00:07:49,746 --> 00:07:55,251
In 1939, America's
military is not very robust.

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00:07:55,251 --> 00:08:00,690
All the services combined
have about 600,000 men.

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00:08:00,690 --> 00:08:04,293
Back at the warehouse,
everything looks dated --

88
00:08:04,293 --> 00:08:08,097
right out of World War I.

89
00:08:08,097 --> 00:08:09,799
The average foot
soldier still carries

90
00:08:09,799 --> 00:08:15,571
a 1903 Springfield rifle.

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00:08:15,571 --> 00:08:20,410
Training is sincere,
but not always serious.

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00:08:22,378 --> 00:08:23,679
<b>PVT BAYE</b>: I was a radio man.

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00:08:23,679 --> 00:08:25,281
I only fired my rifle once

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00:08:25,281 --> 00:08:28,651
the whole damn
time I was in the Army.

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00:08:29,619 --> 00:08:31,854
<font color="
less than half of its troops

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00:08:31,854 --> 00:08:35,291
are properly trained.

97
00:08:35,291 --> 00:08:36,859
They're barely literate.

98
00:08:36,859 --> 00:08:40,229
Seventy-five percent
haven't finished high school,

99
00:08:40,229 --> 00:08:44,734
and 41 percent never started it.

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00:08:46,502 --> 00:08:51,808
Americans greet their military
with a collective shrug.

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00:08:52,275 --> 00:08:54,610
When Dockum's unit
parades through town,

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00:08:54,610 --> 00:08:58,181
few people stop to watch.

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00:08:58,181 --> 00:09:03,453
It's more sideshow
than show of force.

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00:09:07,590 --> 00:09:10,760
Dockum captures it
all on color film,

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00:09:10,760 --> 00:09:13,663
a recent invention
for home movie buffs --

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00:09:13,663 --> 00:09:16,365
and combat cameramen.

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00:09:16,365 --> 00:09:17,633
<i>♫  ♫</i>

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00:09:17,633 --> 00:09:19,569
<b>SGT HATCH</b>: I was
carrying two hand cameras.

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00:09:19,569 --> 00:09:21,737
(explosions and gunfire)

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00:09:21,737 --> 00:09:24,740
We were laying on the
beach, watching this --

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00:09:24,740 --> 00:09:28,411
guys were
getting blown to pieces.

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00:09:31,614 --> 00:09:34,784
<i>♫  ♫</i>

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00:09:34,784 --> 00:09:41,524
<b>NARRATOR</b>: In the 1930s, America
is a fragmented society.

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00:09:49,866 --> 00:09:52,702
About the only thing
everyone faces in common

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00:09:52,702 --> 00:09:57,406
are the fierce headwinds
of the Great Depression.

116
00:10:03,279 --> 00:10:09,185
Some of America's future
soldiers are still school kids.

117
00:10:15,224 --> 00:10:18,427
Armand Maffuccio hustles
to make a few extra bucks

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00:10:18,427 --> 00:10:21,397
for his family of
Italian immigrants.

119
00:10:22,365 --> 00:10:25,234
<b>ARMAND</b>: I'd get up early
and work with the baker first.

120
00:10:25,234 --> 00:10:30,806
Then after school, I'd go back
and help him make the bread.

121
00:10:30,806 --> 00:10:36,612
For a few dollars, you'd go
anyplace. You just go get it.

122
00:10:36,612 --> 00:10:38,915
<b>NARRATOR</b>: Michael Kuryla
frequents the movie house

123
00:10:38,915 --> 00:10:43,185
to follow the war
already raging in Europe.

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00:10:46,389 --> 00:10:48,457
<b>PO3 KURYLA</b>: At the
movies, they'd show newsreels

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00:10:48,457 --> 00:10:50,826
showing the fleet
and all the warships

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00:10:50,826 --> 00:10:54,430
in a row out there in the ocean.

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00:10:54,430 --> 00:10:59,235
<i>♫  ♫</i>

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00:10:59,235 --> 00:11:01,437
<b>NARRATOR</b>: In 1940,
Americans re-elect

129
00:11:01,437 --> 00:11:04,440
President Franklin Roosevelt,

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00:11:04,440 --> 00:11:08,578
banking on his promise
to stay out of the war.

131
00:11:08,578 --> 00:11:12,682
Many feel America should
solve its own problems first.

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00:11:14,784 --> 00:11:17,787
<font color="
didn't have any work.

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00:11:17,787 --> 00:11:19,422
A lot of times we were wondering

134
00:11:19,422 --> 00:11:23,125
where our next
meal would come from.

135
00:11:26,228 --> 00:11:27,730
<b>NARRATOR</b>: Most
people think going to war

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00:11:27,730 --> 00:11:31,434
will be an
economic step backward.

137
00:11:32,902 --> 00:11:38,374
Two thirds think it will make
the next generation worse off.

138
00:11:38,908 --> 00:11:42,578
America's focus is inward.

139
00:11:45,381 --> 00:11:46,849
Most live out
their lives without

140
00:11:46,849 --> 00:11:52,388
venturing much beyond the
horizon of their own needs.

141
00:11:54,156 --> 00:11:55,458
But in a few months,

142
00:11:55,458 --> 00:12:00,096
some will venture
farther than they ever dreamed.

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00:12:00,096 --> 00:12:03,733
<i>♫  ♫</i>

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00:12:03,733 --> 00:12:07,169
<b>SN RIPPER</b>: We had
never gone anywhere.

145
00:12:07,169 --> 00:12:14,276
Once we got away from
home, it was a different world.

146
00:12:14,276 --> 00:12:18,247
<i>♫  ♫</i>

147
00:12:18,247 --> 00:12:21,450
<b>NARRATOR</b>: Shanghai, China.

148
00:12:21,884 --> 00:12:25,254
Here, cultures intersect.

149
00:12:25,755 --> 00:12:30,493
It's a Chinese city with an
American and British settlement.

150
00:12:32,128 --> 00:12:37,366
Streets reveal a
global mix of carts and cars.

151
00:12:37,366 --> 00:12:39,802
It's an
international crossroads,

152
00:12:39,802 --> 00:12:43,773
but Japan has it
in its crosshairs.

153
00:12:43,773 --> 00:12:47,910
(gunfire)

154
00:12:47,910 --> 00:12:51,847
In 1937, they invade.

155
00:12:51,847 --> 00:12:57,586
Their own film shows parts of
Shanghai crumbling in a heap.

156
00:12:57,586 --> 00:13:00,122
Japan seizes the
Chinese portion,

157
00:13:00,122 --> 00:13:03,626
surrounding the westerners.

158
00:13:06,195 --> 00:13:11,467
Then Japan storms another city.

159
00:13:12,134 --> 00:13:16,405
They overwhelm
Chinese forces within days...

160
00:13:16,405 --> 00:13:21,811
then massacre up
to 300,000 citizens.

161
00:13:22,845 --> 00:13:27,583
It becomes known as
the Rape of Nanking.

162
00:13:27,583 --> 00:13:30,286
<i>♫  ♫</i>

163
00:13:30,286 --> 00:13:36,325
The Chinese try to
carry on -- amid the rubble.

164
00:13:37,793 --> 00:13:42,064
The horrors linger like ghosts.

165
00:13:46,569 --> 00:13:48,337
On this pockmarked building,

166
00:13:48,337 --> 00:13:53,242
the invaders flaunt
their flag like a brand.

167
00:13:53,242 --> 00:13:58,247
Japanese soldiers signal
a new imperial presence.

168
00:13:58,247 --> 00:14:02,651
America wonders if
Japan's ambition ends here --

169
00:14:02,651 --> 00:14:08,023
or extends to one of
its own territories nearby.

170
00:14:09,825 --> 00:14:13,262
<b>COL OLSON</b>: Sirens in
Manila were going off.

171
00:14:13,262 --> 00:14:18,567
We began to get a picture
that it wasn't looking good.

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00:14:20,436 --> 00:14:24,440
<i>♫  ♫</i>

173
00:14:32,381 --> 00:14:35,785
<font color="
visit the Philippines in 1937,

174
00:14:35,785 --> 00:14:38,454
they stay at the Manila Hotel,

175
00:14:38,454 --> 00:14:44,360
an upscale haven for
expats and foreigners.

176
00:14:44,360 --> 00:14:46,395
As Pauline
enjoys the warm breeze

177
00:14:46,395 --> 00:14:48,531
coming through the hotel window,

178
00:14:48,531 --> 00:14:53,669
another family is living
upstairs in the penthouse.

179
00:14:56,205 --> 00:15:02,178
Little Arthur, his mother
Jean, and his father Douglas.

180
00:15:02,178 --> 00:15:06,715
These are the personal films
of General Douglas MacArthur.

181
00:15:06,715 --> 00:15:08,751
He's retired from the U.S. Army,

182
00:15:08,751 --> 00:15:11,587
winding down his career
by serving as an advisor

183
00:15:11,587 --> 00:15:15,224
to the Philippine government.

184
00:15:15,224 --> 00:15:16,225
<i>♫  ♫</i>

185
00:15:16,225 --> 00:15:17,493
He oversees a joint force

186
00:15:17,493 --> 00:15:22,731
of 130,000 Filipino
and American troops.

187
00:15:23,499 --> 00:15:25,434
<b>GEN MACARTHUR</b>: With adequate
protection this country

188
00:15:25,434 --> 00:15:29,672
will flourish as a
brilliant product of democracy.

189
00:15:29,672 --> 00:15:33,342
<b>NARRATOR</b>: But
protection is not adequate.

190
00:15:33,342 --> 00:15:38,614
Filipino troops are barely
trained, and poorly equipped.

191
00:15:38,881 --> 00:15:41,584
<font color="
pistols, believe it or not.

192
00:15:41,584 --> 00:15:42,852
Colts.

193
00:15:42,852 --> 00:15:48,224
They were so old you couldn't
even get ammunition for them.

194
00:15:48,224 --> 00:15:50,793
<b>NARRATOR</b>: Robert Brown
admits his own American forces

195
00:15:50,793 --> 00:15:53,229
aren't much better off.

196
00:15:53,229 --> 00:15:56,565
<b>PVT BROWN</b>: We had
World War I hand grenades.

197
00:15:56,565 --> 00:16:00,169
You could pull the pins and
hit them with a baseball bat,

198
00:16:00,169 --> 00:16:03,372
and they would not go off.

199
00:16:03,372 --> 00:16:04,640
<font color="

200
00:16:04,640 --> 00:16:07,810
the Philippines
are in grave danger.

201
00:16:07,810 --> 00:16:11,714
MacArthur wonders why 16
million American nationals

202
00:16:11,714 --> 00:16:14,183
are barely protected.

203
00:16:14,183 --> 00:16:15,584
<b>GEN MACARTHUR</b>: The
apparent disinterest

204
00:16:15,584 --> 00:16:20,256
on the part of the United
States is incomprehensible.

205
00:16:20,256 --> 00:16:25,160
<b>NARRATOR</b>: But if Army officers
are worried, they don't show it.

206
00:16:28,097 --> 00:16:32,368
<i>♫  ♫</i>

207
00:16:32,368 --> 00:16:34,570
At a base south of Manila,

208
00:16:34,570 --> 00:16:39,608
Americans carve out
a colonial playground.

209
00:16:42,811 --> 00:16:48,317
Recreation includes
rousing games of bicycle polo.

210
00:16:55,491 --> 00:16:59,361
There are some casualties.

211
00:17:01,096 --> 00:17:02,364
An assignment in the Philippines

212
00:17:02,364 --> 00:17:07,436
appears to be
mostly about fun and sun.

213
00:17:07,436 --> 00:17:11,340
Soon, it will be about survival.

214
00:17:12,675 --> 00:17:14,810
(explosion)

215
00:17:14,810 --> 00:17:18,347
<b>2LT HATCH</b>: As I was going out
front, I got shot in the leg.

216
00:17:18,347 --> 00:17:23,719
When I looked up, I got shot
again -- right through my nose.

217
00:17:26,322 --> 00:17:30,192
<i>♫  ♫</i>

218
00:17:30,192 --> 00:17:36,065
<font color="
the coming earthquake is Japan.

219
00:17:36,498 --> 00:17:42,104
Its proud history
stretches back 2,000 years.

220
00:17:42,104 --> 00:17:47,276
It's become wary of encroaching
western influence in Asia,

221
00:17:47,276 --> 00:17:48,577
thinking they should be the ones

222
00:17:48,577 --> 00:17:52,381
to lead the
continent into the future.

223
00:17:53,382 --> 00:17:57,119
But Japan is also stuck
in the Great Depression,

224
00:17:57,119 --> 00:18:02,191
and many think expansion is the
only way to crawl out of it.

225
00:18:02,458 --> 00:18:03,826
<b>KUMAGAYA</b>: People were
looking for a breakthrough

226
00:18:03,826 --> 00:18:05,728
because times were hard

227
00:18:05,728 --> 00:18:10,032
and no one thought of
war in a realistic way.

228
00:18:11,700 --> 00:18:15,704
(men shouting)

229
00:18:17,773 --> 00:18:22,244
<b>NARRATOR</b>: By 1940 the
military controls Japan.

230
00:18:22,244 --> 00:18:26,148
They have 1.5
million men in uniform --

231
00:18:26,148 --> 00:18:29,651
more than double
America's forces.

232
00:18:29,651 --> 00:18:33,122
The manpower comes from within.

233
00:18:33,122 --> 00:18:37,292
The raw materials come
from its growing empire.

234
00:18:39,161 --> 00:18:41,797
<b>GEN MACARTHUR</b>: They lacked
sugar, so they took Formosa.

235
00:18:41,797 --> 00:18:44,700
They lacked iron, so
they took Manchuria.

236
00:18:44,700 --> 00:18:48,604
They lacked hard coal and
timber, so they invaded China.

237
00:18:48,604 --> 00:18:53,175
They lacked
security, so they took Korea.

238
00:18:53,675 --> 00:18:56,545
They intended, by
force of arms if necessary,

239
00:18:56,545 --> 00:18:58,480
to establish an economic sphere

240
00:18:58,480 --> 00:19:01,683
completely under
their own control.

241
00:19:05,254 --> 00:19:07,489
<b>NARRATOR</b>: But waves
of Japanese expansion

242
00:19:07,489 --> 00:19:09,458
have yet to reach here.

243
00:19:09,458 --> 00:19:11,193
<i>♫  ♫</i>

244
00:19:11,193 --> 00:19:14,063
Hawaii.

245
00:19:16,298 --> 00:19:18,834
The famous
crossroads sign in Honolulu

246
00:19:18,834 --> 00:19:25,174
shows just how far
it is -- from anywhere.

247
00:19:25,174 --> 00:19:28,477
In 1941, the U.S.
Navy base at Pearl Harbor

248
00:19:28,477 --> 00:19:33,248
is just about the only sign that
it's an American territory.

249
00:19:36,618 --> 00:19:42,157
Mostly, Hawaii
hums to its own tune.

250
00:19:45,294 --> 00:19:48,764
This is the pre-war footage
of Francis Raymond Line,

251
00:19:48,764 --> 00:19:51,533
a traveling filmmaker.

252
00:19:51,533 --> 00:19:57,239
His color film unspools
like a perfect travel brochure.

253
00:19:57,239 --> 00:20:00,109
<b>FRANCIS</b>: We
discovered a dozen rainbows --

254
00:20:00,109 --> 00:20:03,145
some even two at a time.

255
00:20:03,745 --> 00:20:08,584
Our camera drank in
scenes of the harvest.

256
00:20:08,584 --> 00:20:11,487
And cattle being
loaded by rope and derrick

257
00:20:11,487 --> 00:20:15,624
onto ships off shore
at the Parker Ranch.

258
00:20:15,624 --> 00:20:20,429
<b>NARRATOR</b>: Hawaii has its
own way of doing things.

259
00:20:20,429 --> 00:20:24,233
It's not used to
cultural convulsions.

260
00:20:24,233 --> 00:20:28,604
Change usually
comes on the slow boat.

261
00:20:32,374 --> 00:20:37,646
Francis Line's film
paints Hawaii as nearly perfect.

262
00:20:37,646 --> 00:20:43,452
It's paradise framed
by crashing waves --

263
00:20:43,452 --> 00:20:46,788
a roaring perimeter with
wondrous views of the Pacific

264
00:20:46,788 --> 00:20:49,892
curving out of sight.

265
00:20:49,892 --> 00:20:54,096
<i>♫  ♫</i>

266
00:21:01,203 --> 00:21:04,273
Beyond Hawaii's horizon line,

267
00:21:04,273 --> 00:21:06,475
Japanese cameras film an armada

268
00:21:06,475 --> 00:21:11,313
secretly slicing its
way through the Pacific.

269
00:21:11,313 --> 00:21:16,118
It's December 6th, 1941.

270
00:21:18,854 --> 00:21:25,394
The American military is on
alert, but not up to speed.

271
00:21:25,394 --> 00:21:27,162
On this very day, one unit

272
00:21:27,162 --> 00:21:29,831
has no hand
grenades to practice with.

273
00:21:29,831 --> 00:21:34,169
Instead, they throw eggs.

274
00:21:34,169 --> 00:21:38,273
Also on December 6th, newspaper
ads call on congressmen

275
00:21:38,273 --> 00:21:42,911
to keep America out of
the war across the Atlantic.

276
00:21:42,911 --> 00:21:47,783
It's the other ocean
that's about to explode.

277
00:21:47,783 --> 00:21:51,920
Pearl Harbor goes to
sleep, innocent and unscathed,

278
00:21:51,920 --> 00:21:56,091
for the last time.

279
00:21:59,828 --> 00:22:02,631
The next morning,
one colonel is up early,

280
00:22:02,631 --> 00:22:06,635
and assumes he's
watching a military exercise.

281
00:22:07,569 --> 00:22:09,705
<b>COL FARTHING</b>: Very
realistic maneuvers.

282
00:22:09,705 --> 00:22:11,406
I wonder what the
Marines are doing to the Navy

283
00:22:11,406 --> 00:22:15,310
so early on Sunday.

284
00:22:15,310 --> 00:22:19,314
<i>♫  ♫</i>

285
00:22:21,216 --> 00:22:24,119
(explosions)

286
00:22:24,119 --> 00:22:26,321
<b>NARRATOR</b>: This is considered
the only color footage

287
00:22:26,321 --> 00:22:32,661
of the attack on Pearl Harbor,
shot by sailor Clyde Daughtry.

288
00:22:33,195 --> 00:22:39,067
The film is badly damaged,
but the chaos is clear.

289
00:22:40,202 --> 00:22:43,372
William Lockey is just one
week out of basic training,

290
00:22:43,372 --> 00:22:46,708
aboard the USS New Orleans.

291
00:22:46,708 --> 00:22:49,511
<b>SN LOCKEY</b>: I said,
let's get the guns loaded!

292
00:22:49,511 --> 00:22:52,247
They said, we got no ammunition.

293
00:22:52,247 --> 00:22:55,851
Who's got the
key? We don't know!

294
00:22:55,851 --> 00:22:57,452
<b>NARRATOR</b>: Surprised sailors fire

295
00:22:57,452 --> 00:23:03,258
their anti-aircraft guns wildly,

296
00:23:03,258 --> 00:23:07,729
killing some
civilians up in the hills.

297
00:23:07,729 --> 00:23:12,200
Radio stations begin
shouting that it's not a drill.

298
00:23:12,200 --> 00:23:14,803
<font color="
has also been attacked...

299
00:23:14,803 --> 00:23:20,108
It is no joke. It is a real war.

300
00:23:20,108 --> 00:23:24,112
<b>NARRATOR</b>: The<i> USS
Oglala</i> is listing badly.

301
00:23:24,112 --> 00:23:25,280
One sailor on deck

302
00:23:25,280 --> 00:23:30,452
is shot through the face
by a strafing Japanese plane.

303
00:23:30,452 --> 00:23:34,556
Other crews are
faring far worse.

304
00:23:34,556 --> 00:23:38,160
The<i> USS Shaw
</i>bursts into a fireball.

305
00:23:38,160 --> 00:23:40,829
(explosion)

306
00:23:46,768 --> 00:23:49,171
<font color="
were out there in the water

307
00:23:49,171 --> 00:23:52,274
in all that oil.

308
00:23:52,274 --> 00:23:54,576
They'd come up, knock
the oil out of their way

309
00:23:54,576 --> 00:23:57,813
and catch a
breath, then go back down.

310
00:23:58,347 --> 00:24:00,549
<b>NARRATOR</b>: In one
hour and fifteen minutes,

311
00:24:00,549 --> 00:24:07,556
Japan damages or sinks nineteen
ships, and kills 2,400.

312
00:24:08,623 --> 00:24:13,428
The news ripples
outward like a shock wave.

313
00:24:15,597 --> 00:24:18,133
A Pam Am Clipper
full of tourists is out

314
00:24:18,133 --> 00:24:22,571
over the Pacific --
which is suddenly a war zone.

315
00:24:22,571 --> 00:24:24,740
They turn off their lights...

316
00:24:24,740 --> 00:24:26,475
blacken their windows...

317
00:24:26,475 --> 00:24:29,211
and change course.

318
00:24:29,211 --> 00:24:33,382
All over the country,
military phones light up.

319
00:24:33,382 --> 00:24:36,818
Jack Lent is on
duty in San Diego.

320
00:24:36,818 --> 00:24:38,387
<b>SSG LENT</b>: Some
colonel was on the phone.

321
00:24:38,387 --> 00:24:40,489
He said, "You get
your commanding officer

322
00:24:40,489 --> 00:24:43,558
and tell him that Pearl
Harbor has just been bombed."

323
00:24:43,558 --> 00:24:49,231
I said, "Yes, sir!
What's Pearl Harbor?"

324
00:24:50,465 --> 00:24:53,602
<b>NARRATOR</b>: Behind
closed doors on a Sunday,

325
00:24:53,602 --> 00:24:57,839
President Roosevelt is composing
a short speech in his head.

326
00:24:57,839 --> 00:25:01,676
He resists advice
to give it today.

327
00:25:01,676 --> 00:25:05,614
Instead, Eleanor Roosevelt
steps up to a microphone

328
00:25:05,614 --> 00:25:09,584
and gives the first
official American response.

329
00:25:09,584 --> 00:25:11,853
<b>ELEANOR ROOSEVELT</b>: You
cannot escape anxiety,

330
00:25:11,853 --> 00:25:15,457
you cannot escape the
clutch of fear at your heart.

331
00:25:15,457 --> 00:25:17,359
And yet I hope
that the certainty

332
00:25:17,359 --> 00:25:19,227
of what we have to meet

333
00:25:19,227 --> 00:25:24,332
will make you rise
above these fears.

334
00:25:24,332 --> 00:25:27,169
<font color="

335
00:25:27,169 --> 00:25:29,638
The FBI switchboard
lights up with calls

336
00:25:29,638 --> 00:25:34,476
reporting suspicious
behavior of Japanese Americans.

337
00:25:34,476 --> 00:25:37,646
In New York City,
Japanese restaurant owners

338
00:25:37,646 --> 00:25:41,316
tell their patrons
to finish their meals.

339
00:25:41,316 --> 00:25:43,218
Then they shutter their doors

340
00:25:43,218 --> 00:25:49,057
and drive each other
home in convoys for safety.

341
00:25:49,458 --> 00:25:52,427
In San Francisco,
people report everything

342
00:25:52,427 --> 00:25:55,630
from strange
airplanes in the sky...

343
00:25:55,630 --> 00:25:58,867
to shady men on the streetcars.

344
00:25:58,867 --> 00:26:04,005
Sirens wail for
no apparent reason.

345
00:26:04,439 --> 00:26:08,710
In Seattle, 2,000
people descend upon downtown

346
00:26:08,710 --> 00:26:11,313
to enforce a blackout.

347
00:26:11,313 --> 00:26:15,250
It devolves into looting.

348
00:26:15,250 --> 00:26:18,220
In Hawaii, radio
stations declare

349
00:26:18,220 --> 00:26:22,557
the islands are
now under martial law.

350
00:26:22,557 --> 00:26:25,694
Then they order a
complete blackout.

351
00:26:25,694 --> 00:26:27,295
<b>RADIO ANNOUNCER</b>:
Turn out your lights.

352
00:26:27,295 --> 00:26:29,431
This means the whole territory.

353
00:26:29,431 --> 00:26:31,833
Turn out your lights
and do not turn them on

354
00:26:31,833 --> 00:26:36,304
for any purpose whatsoever.

355
00:26:36,638 --> 00:26:40,609
(radio chatter in japanese)

356
00:26:40,609 --> 00:26:46,348
<font color="
heels, and Japan isn't finished.

357
00:26:46,348 --> 00:26:51,386
The next 48
hours shock the world.

358
00:26:54,256 --> 00:26:59,294
Just hours after
attacking Pearl Harbor...

359
00:26:59,294 --> 00:27:01,496
the Japanese
launch a surprise assault

360
00:27:01,496 --> 00:27:05,700
on the American
base on Wake Island.

361
00:27:08,670 --> 00:27:10,572
Fearing a land invasion,

362
00:27:10,572 --> 00:27:16,411
a Pan Am Clipper captain jams
70 civilians onto his plane.

363
00:27:16,411 --> 00:27:20,549
Way overweight, the plane
finally gets off the water --

364
00:27:20,549 --> 00:27:23,752
on the third try.

365
00:27:24,719 --> 00:27:28,757
Then Japan bombs the
U.S. military base on Guam

366
00:27:28,757 --> 00:27:33,361
that the Falks
filmed a few years earlier.

367
00:27:33,361 --> 00:27:36,197
In three days,
they capture the island

368
00:27:36,197 --> 00:27:41,036
and take 20,000
American nationals prisoner.

369
00:27:41,803 --> 00:27:46,241
Also on December 7th, Japan
invades the Gilbert Islands,

370
00:27:46,241 --> 00:27:48,510
a British colony.

371
00:27:48,510 --> 00:27:52,314
They also fall in three days.

372
00:27:52,781 --> 00:27:57,185
Japanese forces on the
way back from Pearl Harbor...

373
00:27:57,185 --> 00:27:59,154
shell Midway Island.

374
00:27:59,154 --> 00:28:03,158
(explosions)

375
00:28:03,158 --> 00:28:06,494
Repelling fire
drives them off...

376
00:28:06,494 --> 00:28:09,831
but not before the
American base takes a hit.

377
00:28:09,831 --> 00:28:14,703
(explosions)

378
00:28:14,703 --> 00:28:18,607
Japan is thrusting a sword deep
into the Central Pacific --

379
00:28:18,607 --> 00:28:22,744
a violent blitz that
takes the ocean by storm.

380
00:28:22,744 --> 00:28:24,012
<i>♫  ♫</i>

381
00:28:24,012 --> 00:28:30,318
At the same time, Japan's own
film captures a surge into Asia.

382
00:28:30,318 --> 00:28:34,623
(sounds of warfare)

383
00:28:34,623 --> 00:28:39,694
They begin bombing the
Philippines on December 8th.

384
00:28:40,128 --> 00:28:43,765
On the same day
they invade Thailand...

385
00:28:43,765 --> 00:28:47,869
and soon roll into Bangkok.

386
00:28:47,869 --> 00:28:53,441
They attack the British colonies
of Hong Kong and Singapore.

387
00:28:53,441 --> 00:28:56,111
And they storm
the rest of Shanghai,

388
00:28:56,111 --> 00:29:01,049
overrunning the
British and American enclave.

389
00:29:01,650 --> 00:29:06,388
Stuck on a small base in China
is a company of U.S. Marines --

390
00:29:06,388 --> 00:29:10,625
now completely
surrounded by the Japanese.

391
00:29:10,625 --> 00:29:15,363
Superiors order them to
surrender without a fight.

392
00:29:15,363 --> 00:29:18,733
Sergeant Robert Smith
marches into captivity,

393
00:29:18,733 --> 00:29:22,404
as the victors
switch out the flag.

394
00:29:22,404 --> 00:29:29,644
<b>SGT SMITH</b>: Look what's up there
now. A flaming red asshole.

395
00:29:29,644 --> 00:29:31,179
<i>♫  ♫</i>

396
00:29:31,179 --> 00:29:33,548
<b>NARRATOR</b>: Before
the world can react,

397
00:29:33,548 --> 00:29:37,686
Japan cleaves its
way into Southeast Asia.

398
00:29:37,686 --> 00:29:43,658
They light the fuse of
war all around the Pacific.

399
00:29:46,561 --> 00:29:51,399
In Japan, many
citizens are flush with pride.

400
00:29:51,399 --> 00:29:55,370
But there's an
undercurrent of anxiety.

401
00:29:55,370 --> 00:29:58,206
<b>NOGI</b>: We were assured we
would not have to worry.

402
00:29:58,206 --> 00:30:00,275
America was a democratic nation,

403
00:30:00,275 --> 00:30:03,344
and so would
disintegrate and collapse.

404
00:30:03,344 --> 00:30:05,814
They can't unite
for a common purpose.

405
00:30:05,814 --> 00:30:11,252
One blow against them,
and they'll fall to pieces.

406
00:30:13,788 --> 00:30:18,193
<font color="
Roosevelt addresses Congress.

407
00:30:18,193 --> 00:30:21,796
<b>PRES ROOSEVELT</b>:
Yesterday, December 7th...

408
00:30:21,796 --> 00:30:25,667
<b>NARRATOR</b>: First, he makes
a few last-minute revisions.

409
00:30:25,667 --> 00:30:31,406
<b>PRES ROOSEVELT</b>: ... a date
which will live in infamy.

410
00:30:31,406 --> 00:30:32,674
<i>♫  ♫</i>

411
00:30:32,674 --> 00:30:38,913
<b>NARRATOR</b>: For years, the nation
felt stuck. Now it feels stung.

412
00:30:38,913 --> 00:30:41,683
<b>PRES ROOSEVELT</b>: There
is no blinking at the fact

413
00:30:41,683 --> 00:30:47,388
that our people, our
territory, and our interests

414
00:30:47,388 --> 00:30:50,391
are in grave danger.

415
00:30:50,391 --> 00:30:53,328
<b>NARRATOR</b>: America is at war.

416
00:30:53,328 --> 00:30:58,733
Most didn't want it. But
most will have to join it.

417
00:30:58,733 --> 00:31:05,340
Either in support at
home, or in uniform beyond.

418
00:31:13,181 --> 00:31:14,048
<b>2LT SIMMONS</b>:
There were college men

419
00:31:14,048 --> 00:31:17,418
who joined the
service that very day.

420
00:31:17,418 --> 00:31:19,521
They left letters with
the manager of the dormitory

421
00:31:19,521 --> 00:31:21,689
and they took off.

422
00:31:21,689 --> 00:31:23,591
The feeling of the moment was,

423
00:31:23,591 --> 00:31:29,063
I would like to fly a plane and
drop a bomb on the bastards.

424
00:31:32,567 --> 00:31:35,136
<b>ST BRUNTON</b>: That trip to West
Virginia to have my physical

425
00:31:35,136 --> 00:31:39,808
was the first time I was
ever out of the state of Ohio.

426
00:31:41,309 --> 00:31:43,578
<b>PVT LIBERTY</b>: Roughest
ride I ever had in my life.

427
00:31:43,578 --> 00:31:47,715
Like traveling on a
gravel road for 2,000 miles.

428
00:31:47,715 --> 00:31:51,119
I swear they had square wheels.

429
00:31:52,620 --> 00:31:56,357
<font color="
took probably 30 seconds.

430
00:31:56,357 --> 00:32:00,762
Drop my pants;
check forward and aft;

431
00:32:00,762 --> 00:32:06,701
check and see if I'm breathing;
son, you're ready to go.

432
00:32:08,136 --> 00:32:11,406
<b>CPL MOORE</b>: I didn't pass because
the guy handed me a book

433
00:32:11,406 --> 00:32:15,510
and said "Read the
numbers." I only saw dots.

434
00:32:15,510 --> 00:32:19,180
He said, "I can't take
you. You're colorblind."

435
00:32:19,180 --> 00:32:21,850
I said, "What am
I supposed to see?"

436
00:32:21,850 --> 00:32:25,720
He said, "A
three, five, and nine."

437
00:32:25,720 --> 00:32:31,159
So I hitchhiked to
Indianapolis... got in line...

438
00:32:31,159 --> 00:32:33,628
They gave me the
same book and I said,

439
00:32:33,628 --> 00:32:36,731
"I see a three, five, and nine."

440
00:32:36,731 --> 00:32:40,368
They said, "You're in."

441
00:32:43,338 --> 00:32:45,807
<b>NARRATOR</b>: Armand Maffucio,
the kid who baked his way

442
00:32:45,807 --> 00:32:49,878
through the
depression, joins the Navy.

443
00:32:49,878 --> 00:32:52,747
They don't waste his talent.

444
00:32:53,314 --> 00:32:55,550
<b>ARMAND</b>: All we made was
the bread, rolls, and desserts

445
00:32:55,550 --> 00:33:03,625
for the crew. Of course,
there were 2,000 sailors.

446
00:33:03,625 --> 00:33:06,094
<b>NARRATOR</b>: Michael
Kuryla, who admired Navy ships

447
00:33:06,094 --> 00:33:09,564
in the newsreels,
also takes the plunge.

448
00:33:10,231 --> 00:33:12,734
<b>PO3 KURYLA</b>: They gave us
our uniforms and everything.

449
00:33:12,734 --> 00:33:14,302
They gave us our caps.

450
00:33:14,302 --> 00:33:16,104
Then they'd give
us our haircuts,

451
00:33:16,104 --> 00:33:18,273
and the caps didn't fit anymore.

452
00:33:18,273 --> 00:33:21,376
Our ears were holding them up.

453
00:33:21,709 --> 00:33:25,246
<b>NARRATOR</b>: First
stop -- the pool.

454
00:33:25,246 --> 00:33:27,649
They practice treading water --

455
00:33:27,649 --> 00:33:31,719
while someone tries
to hold them under.

456
00:33:32,854 --> 00:33:37,759
But deeper water awaits
-- in an unlikely place.

457
00:33:37,759 --> 00:33:39,294
<font color="

458
00:33:39,294 --> 00:33:41,562
These are cadets in
Northwestern University's

459
00:33:41,562 --> 00:33:46,734
Naval Reserve Midshipmen's
School near Chicago.

460
00:33:46,734 --> 00:33:49,270
They are called "90-day wonders"

461
00:33:49,270 --> 00:33:54,275
because that's how fast
the program is in wartime.

462
00:33:54,676 --> 00:33:58,179
Lake Michigan isn't
exactly the Pacific Ocean,

463
00:33:58,179 --> 00:34:01,282
but it'll have to do.

464
00:34:03,818 --> 00:34:07,221
They study navigation.

465
00:34:07,221 --> 00:34:12,126
And the fine art
of swabbing the deck.

466
00:34:12,126 --> 00:34:16,130
They are literally
learning the ropes.

467
00:34:17,365 --> 00:34:22,103
Finally, they practice
the choreography of gun work.

468
00:34:25,239 --> 00:34:29,744
Now, they have time to
break it down, step by step.

469
00:34:29,744 --> 00:34:34,148
Soon, they won't.

470
00:34:34,582 --> 00:34:38,286
<b>ST BRUNTON</b>: They
peeled off and dove on us.

471
00:34:39,887 --> 00:34:43,224
They got close...

472
00:34:47,528 --> 00:34:49,297
<b>NARRATOR</b>: The Army
picks a training spot

473
00:34:49,297 --> 00:34:52,567
that could at least
pass for the Pacific.

474
00:34:52,567 --> 00:34:55,269
The Florida swamp.

475
00:34:55,269 --> 00:34:58,473
This is Wakulla
Springs near Tallahassee,

476
00:34:58,473 --> 00:35:00,708
where Hollywood filmed
some of the jungle scenes

477
00:35:00,708 --> 00:35:04,212
in Tarzan movies.

478
00:35:04,212 --> 00:35:06,748
Now the Army is
filming its own recruits

479
00:35:06,748 --> 00:35:08,649
trying to master an environment

480
00:35:08,649 --> 00:35:13,855
more common in New
Guinea than North America.

481
00:35:13,855 --> 00:35:19,327
The horrors of Pearl Harbor
inform a few of the drills.

482
00:35:19,327 --> 00:35:22,730
Smoke-screen maneuvers.

483
00:35:23,164 --> 00:35:26,467
Swimming around an oil fire.

484
00:35:28,736 --> 00:35:33,107
This is not the Army
Thomas Baye had in mind.

485
00:35:33,107 --> 00:35:34,442
<b>PVT BAYE</b>: I chose
the Army over the Navy

486
00:35:34,442 --> 00:35:37,779
because I'm scared of the water.

487
00:35:37,779 --> 00:35:41,382
I didn't know how to swim.

488
00:35:41,382 --> 00:35:43,551
<i>♫  ♫</i>

489
00:35:43,551 --> 00:35:45,887
<b>NARRATOR</b>: No one quite knows
what fighting across an ocean

490
00:35:45,887 --> 00:35:48,756
will look like.

491
00:35:50,591 --> 00:35:55,163
They ford a river by
making a hand bridge of rifles.

492
00:35:56,130 --> 00:36:00,468
They use their tents and
poles to make a supply raft.

493
00:36:02,203 --> 00:36:04,639
They practice
hiding from the enemy --

494
00:36:04,639 --> 00:36:07,675
with synchronized ducking.

495
00:36:15,083 --> 00:36:17,718
And, predictably,
they blow stuff up.

496
00:36:17,718 --> 00:36:22,390
(explosions)

497
00:36:22,390 --> 00:36:24,826
Underwater demolition teams

498
00:36:24,826 --> 00:36:30,398
try to smooth the way
for a new kind of boat.

499
00:36:32,166 --> 00:36:35,336
This is an early
amphibious vehicle --

500
00:36:35,336 --> 00:36:39,073
a duck made by General Motors.

501
00:36:39,407 --> 00:36:42,210
Driving through the
water is a novelty.

502
00:36:42,210 --> 00:36:45,513
Soon it will be a necessity.

503
00:36:48,316 --> 00:36:52,086
<b>SGT PERRY</b>: We walked
into a hornets' nest.

504
00:36:52,386 --> 00:36:54,355
I was thinking,
"How in the world

505
00:36:54,355 --> 00:36:57,692
did I ever get
sucked into this mess?"

506
00:37:00,094 --> 00:37:01,195
<b>PVT DURHAM</b>: The
Navy recruiting office

507
00:37:01,195 --> 00:37:03,531
was jammed up
with 70 new recruits.

508
00:37:03,531 --> 00:37:05,533
So I went around the corner

509
00:37:05,533 --> 00:37:08,436
and the Marine Corps
had a little shingle out,

510
00:37:08,436 --> 00:37:11,739
and I was it. There was no line.

511
00:37:12,673 --> 00:37:13,741
<b>PVT ROUSH</b>: The
first thing we heard

512
00:37:13,741 --> 00:37:15,543
when the bus came
through the gate that morning

513
00:37:15,543 --> 00:37:19,313
was, "You'll be sorry."

514
00:37:19,780 --> 00:37:20,815
<b>NARRATOR</b>: Before the war,

515
00:37:20,815 --> 00:37:24,085
the Marine Corps was
struggling for relevance.

516
00:37:24,085 --> 00:37:27,655
Some thought the Army
should just absorb it.

517
00:37:27,655 --> 00:37:31,292
It was a service
without a purpose,

518
00:37:31,292 --> 00:37:36,030
derided as the foster
home for Navy flunkies.

519
00:37:37,231 --> 00:37:40,501
<b>PVT DURHAM</b>: The first
three weeks were terrible.

520
00:37:42,336 --> 00:37:44,605
They insisted on
teaching us how to walk,

521
00:37:44,605 --> 00:37:48,509
and I felt we already knew.

522
00:37:49,143 --> 00:37:51,712
<font color="
wants to shed its reputation

523
00:37:51,712 --> 00:37:55,349
as a military afterthought.

524
00:37:55,349 --> 00:37:59,620
Instead of the weakest, they
want to become the toughest.

525
00:38:01,055 --> 00:38:03,191
<b>PVT PASE</b>: Every Marine,
before he was anything else,

526
00:38:03,191 --> 00:38:06,427
was a rifleman.

527
00:38:06,427 --> 00:38:09,230
If you're a tank
driver, pilot, cook,

528
00:38:09,230 --> 00:38:11,732
we don't care what else you are.

529
00:38:11,732 --> 00:38:16,103
First of all, you're a rifleman.

530
00:38:16,103 --> 00:38:17,738
(gunfire)

531
00:38:17,738 --> 00:38:19,073
<b>NARRATOR</b>: They'll
be using their rifles

532
00:38:19,073 --> 00:38:21,542
as part of a new tactic.

533
00:38:21,542 --> 00:38:22,643
<i>♫  ♫</i>

534
00:38:22,643 --> 00:38:25,513
The amphibious assault.

535
00:38:26,180 --> 00:38:29,784
The Marine Corps adopted this
doctrine only six years earlier,

536
00:38:29,784 --> 00:38:31,385
with a publication called

537
00:38:31,385 --> 00:38:35,690
"Tentative Manual
for Landing Operations."

538
00:38:35,690 --> 00:38:39,460
They can't afford to
be tentative anymore.

539
00:38:39,460 --> 00:38:45,333
The doctrine was in search
of a war, and now it's here --

540
00:38:45,333 --> 00:38:50,471
just as they're cracking
the book on how to do it.

541
00:38:50,471 --> 00:38:54,308
As they rehearse storming
a beach in North Carolina,

542
00:38:54,308 --> 00:38:57,278
it looks clunky.

543
00:38:59,780 --> 00:39:01,749
This ramp door jams,

544
00:39:01,749 --> 00:39:06,220
and Marines have to
pile out over the sides.

545
00:39:06,220 --> 00:39:10,691
Some experts consider the
whole idea complete folly.

546
00:39:11,125 --> 00:39:12,426
<b>PVT PASE</b>: We had
no idea in the world

547
00:39:12,426 --> 00:39:15,696
how we were going to
use this type of training.

548
00:39:17,598 --> 00:39:20,668
<b>NARRATOR</b>: In 1940,
there are fewer than 30,000

549
00:39:20,668 --> 00:39:22,603
active duty Marines.

550
00:39:22,603 --> 00:39:24,338
Total.

551
00:39:24,338 --> 00:39:27,174
In just three years,
that'll be the number

552
00:39:27,174 --> 00:39:30,778
invading a
single Pacific island.

553
00:39:30,778 --> 00:39:34,415
None of these guys can
really see that coming.

554
00:39:34,415 --> 00:39:35,416
<font color="
thought the Japanese

555
00:39:35,416 --> 00:39:40,221
couldn't possibly
carry on a very long war.

556
00:39:40,221 --> 00:39:43,524
We thought it would be
over in a matter of weeks.

557
00:39:46,661 --> 00:39:51,432
<b>CPL KETCHAM</b>: The Japs whipped
us for three solid weeks.

558
00:39:51,432 --> 00:39:55,369
We couldn't move more
than two yards a day.

559
00:39:55,369 --> 00:39:58,606
It was just hell day and night.

560
00:39:58,606 --> 00:40:02,677
(sounds of warfare)

561
00:40:02,677 --> 00:40:05,446
<b>ARCHIVE</b>: This is
your ship. Look at her.

562
00:40:05,446 --> 00:40:09,116
She's a symbol of our
American industrial skill.

563
00:40:09,116 --> 00:40:12,286
<b>NARRATOR</b>: That skill
is now under the gun.

564
00:40:12,286 --> 00:40:18,793
The Navy needs
thousands more ships. Fast.

565
00:40:18,793 --> 00:40:24,265
In Portland, Oregon,
shipyards grow like weeds.

566
00:40:24,265 --> 00:40:28,402
Industrialist Henry
Kaiser owns three of them.

567
00:40:28,402 --> 00:40:33,641
This is Kaiser's own film
of his Portland operation.

568
00:40:33,641 --> 00:40:38,446
He builds mostly Liberty ships
-- cargo and transport vessels

569
00:40:38,446 --> 00:40:42,717
that will carry the
war across the Pacific.

570
00:40:42,717 --> 00:40:45,519
Workers come from
all over the country --

571
00:40:45,519 --> 00:40:50,758
men, women, and entire families.

572
00:40:50,758 --> 00:40:52,760
Kaiser builds a
town near Portland just

573
00:40:52,760 --> 00:40:59,266
to house them all -- Vanport
City, population 42,000.

574
00:40:59,266 --> 00:41:02,169
Many just call it "Kaiserville."

575
00:41:02,169 --> 00:41:03,604
<i>♫  ♫</i>

576
00:41:03,604 --> 00:41:06,140
By the end of 1941, nearly half

577
00:41:06,140 --> 00:41:08,776
of America's heavy
industry workforce

578
00:41:08,776 --> 00:41:12,480
is working on defense contracts.

579
00:41:12,480 --> 00:41:16,317
Bullets in Indiana.

580
00:41:16,317 --> 00:41:20,388
Rivets in Kansas City.

581
00:41:20,388 --> 00:41:24,458
Parachutes in Utah.

582
00:41:26,227 --> 00:41:30,898
But not all war weapons
are built from scratch.

583
00:41:30,898 --> 00:41:33,567
<b>ARCHIVE</b>: War had
exploded over the entire world.

584
00:41:33,567 --> 00:41:37,138
Every Pan American
route was now a war route.

585
00:41:37,138 --> 00:41:38,606
<b>NARRATOR</b>: The Pan Am Clipper,

586
00:41:38,606 --> 00:41:42,410
the same airplane that brought
the Falks to Asia in peacetime,

587
00:41:42,410 --> 00:41:45,746
becomes a wartime workhorse.

588
00:41:45,746 --> 00:41:47,381
They're still the only planes

589
00:41:47,381 --> 00:41:50,651
that can carry a big
load across an ocean.

590
00:41:50,651 --> 00:41:51,552
So the company becomes

591
00:41:51,552 --> 00:41:57,158
a de-facto wing of
the U.S military --

592
00:41:57,158 --> 00:42:00,861
and all crews get
new uniforms to match.

593
00:42:00,861 --> 00:42:02,863
<b>ED</b>: As soon as I was
outfitted in these uniforms,

594
00:42:02,863 --> 00:42:06,500
they took my picture
for my personnel folder.

595
00:42:06,500 --> 00:42:10,504
We called them our
"obituary photos."

596
00:42:10,504 --> 00:42:13,374
You can guess why.

597
00:42:13,374 --> 00:42:15,242
<b>NARRATOR</b>: As Clippers
get baptized into war

598
00:42:15,242 --> 00:42:18,145
with a new camouflage paint job,

599
00:42:18,145 --> 00:42:22,750
the world awaits
Japan's next move.

600
00:42:24,718 --> 00:42:28,789
It's eyeing up more
islands to expand its empire.

601
00:42:28,789 --> 00:42:32,760
Java and Timor have
important resources to harvest.

602
00:42:32,760 --> 00:42:38,466
Standing in the way is the small
air and naval base in Darwin.

603
00:42:39,233 --> 00:42:41,135
On a sunny Thursday morning,

604
00:42:41,135 --> 00:42:44,271
Japan slashes into
Northern Australia.

605
00:42:44,271 --> 00:42:45,906
(explosions)

606
00:42:45,906 --> 00:42:49,376
By the time sailor Monty
Tuckerman grabs his camera,

607
00:42:49,376 --> 00:42:52,847
the Japanese planes are gone.

608
00:42:53,848 --> 00:42:56,917
It's the only color footage
of the raid on Darwin --

609
00:42:56,917 --> 00:43:01,589
a surprise attack considered
to be Australia's Pearl Harbor.

610
00:43:02,223 --> 00:43:03,390
<b>LT GRIFFITHS</b>: With one big crash

611
00:43:03,390 --> 00:43:06,293
they dropped their entire loads.

612
00:43:06,293 --> 00:43:09,797
With a noise like the
roll of heavy thunder,

613
00:43:09,797 --> 00:43:14,168
red and yellow
flame shot into the air.

614
00:43:15,636 --> 00:43:18,305
<font color="
belch out their last breath

615
00:43:18,305 --> 00:43:24,044
of acrid smoke before
disappearing undersea.

616
00:43:24,645 --> 00:43:28,115
The Japanese don't
stop at the harbor.

617
00:43:28,115 --> 00:43:30,584
They bomb buildings in town.

618
00:43:30,584 --> 00:43:35,189
People run for the
hills, fearing a land invasion.

619
00:43:35,189 --> 00:43:40,327
The attack kills 235
and injures hundreds more.

620
00:43:40,327 --> 00:43:44,865
All in a town of only 2,000.

621
00:43:44,865 --> 00:43:48,903
Clouds of war now rise
over a nervous Australia --

622
00:43:48,903 --> 00:43:50,604
a nation right in the shadows

623
00:43:50,604 --> 00:43:55,442
of an expanding and
unpredictable empire.

624
00:44:00,648 --> 00:44:05,286
Newsreels from the Philippines
show Japanese arriving in waves

625
00:44:05,286 --> 00:44:08,689
-- and Americans
scattering like ants.

626
00:44:09,290 --> 00:44:11,692
<b>PVT BROWN</b>: They
handed each one of us a can.

627
00:44:11,692 --> 00:44:13,661
I got a can of cherries.

628
00:44:13,661 --> 00:44:16,196
And they said, disperse.

629
00:44:16,196 --> 00:44:19,099
I mean, we just dispersed.

630
00:44:19,099 --> 00:44:23,070
We didn't know what
the hell we were doing.

631
00:44:23,571 --> 00:44:24,505
<b>NARRATOR</b>:
There's no color footage

632
00:44:24,505 --> 00:44:27,441
of the brutal fight
for the Philippines.

633
00:44:27,441 --> 00:44:29,577
Cornered on the
Bataan peninsula,

634
00:44:29,577 --> 00:44:33,714
Americans have little
food and no reinforcements.

635
00:44:33,714 --> 00:44:37,518
MacArthur holds
out on Corregidor.

636
00:44:38,852 --> 00:44:43,557
Japanese film shows
their overwhelming advantage.

637
00:44:44,224 --> 00:44:47,761
Soon, they're
celebrating in Manila.

638
00:44:49,430 --> 00:44:52,266
MacArthur and his
family escape to Australia

639
00:44:52,266 --> 00:44:55,736
as Corregidor falls.

640
00:44:55,736 --> 00:44:57,438
Those left in the Philippines

641
00:44:57,438 --> 00:45:00,708
are no longer
enjoying a sunny deployment.

642
00:45:00,708 --> 00:45:04,545
They're enduring
their darkest nightmare.

643
00:45:04,545 --> 00:45:10,184
These very boys are now
dead, starving, or captured.

644
00:45:10,184 --> 00:45:11,485
<b>PVT BROWN</b>: That was
something I told my mother

645
00:45:11,485 --> 00:45:14,188
that would never happen.

646
00:45:14,188 --> 00:45:17,491
I'd be behind the front lines.

647
00:45:17,491 --> 00:45:21,428
Wrong. Dead wrong.

648
00:45:21,428 --> 00:45:24,565
<i>♫  ♫</i>

649
00:45:24,565 --> 00:45:28,335
<b>NARRATOR</b>: Japan has uncoiled a
ferocious multi-pronged attack

650
00:45:28,335 --> 00:45:33,574
across land and sea
in several directions.

651
00:45:33,574 --> 00:45:40,214
The U.S. is still creating its
wartime organizational chart.

652
00:45:40,481 --> 00:45:42,516
Roosevelt puts
the Southwest Pacific

653
00:45:42,516 --> 00:45:45,285
into General MacArthur's hands.

654
00:45:45,285 --> 00:45:47,421
He's already
glaring at the Philippines

655
00:45:47,421 --> 00:45:49,857
with revenge in his eyes.

656
00:45:49,857 --> 00:45:53,293
The vast open seas
of the Central Pacific

657
00:45:53,293 --> 00:45:57,631
will be under Navy
Admiral Chester Nimitz.

658
00:45:57,631 --> 00:46:01,802
The two men could
scarcely be more different.

659
00:46:01,802 --> 00:46:06,740
Nimitz is a soft-spoken leader
by example who shuns attention.

660
00:46:06,740 --> 00:46:12,112
He loathes PR men who
suggest he show more pizazz.

661
00:46:12,112 --> 00:46:15,549
In contrast, MacArthur is a
man of sweeping statements,

662
00:46:15,549 --> 00:46:17,384
grand gestures, and a fondness

663
00:46:17,384 --> 00:46:21,722
for any recording
device that can capture them.

664
00:46:21,722 --> 00:46:24,324
These top men
from the Army and Navy

665
00:46:24,324 --> 00:46:28,262
now have the Pacific
War on their shoulders.

666
00:46:28,262 --> 00:46:31,165
Like the football game
between their services,

667
00:46:31,165 --> 00:46:35,803
it'll be part
camaraderie, part competition.

668
00:46:36,236 --> 00:46:40,307
But their boss
calls the first play.

669
00:46:47,214 --> 00:46:49,850
Back in December,
President Roosevelt

670
00:46:49,850 --> 00:46:54,688
issued a secret order
after the Pearl Harbor attack:

671
00:46:54,688 --> 00:46:59,159
Find a way to
strike back at Japan.

672
00:46:59,159 --> 00:47:03,363
It takes four
months to figure out how.

673
00:47:03,363 --> 00:47:06,233
The distance is daunting.

674
00:47:08,135 --> 00:47:11,004
The technology is lacking.

675
00:47:11,638 --> 00:47:13,574
But they pull together a plan

676
00:47:13,574 --> 00:47:20,414
that's part
bravado, part desperation.

677
00:47:21,615 --> 00:47:27,321
Ships cut through a stormy
Pacific in radio silence --

678
00:47:27,321 --> 00:47:32,192
just as the Japanese
did coming the other way.

679
00:47:33,694 --> 00:47:39,299
American carriers
haven't yet come of age.

680
00:47:39,299 --> 00:47:40,801
This one's only
big enough to launch

681
00:47:40,801 --> 00:47:44,671
a scout plane with a catapult.

682
00:47:47,174 --> 00:47:50,577
To bomb Japan, they'll
have to launch a bigger plane

683
00:47:50,577 --> 00:47:55,415
off this deck -- a B-25.

684
00:47:55,649 --> 00:47:58,519
They've never tried it.

685
00:47:59,486 --> 00:48:03,157
<b>2LT MACIA</b>: We hadn't actually
flown off a carrier before.

686
00:48:03,157 --> 00:48:06,326
I wondered -- could I get
out of that damn airplane

687
00:48:06,326 --> 00:48:10,531
if we go off the
end of the flight deck?

688
00:48:10,531 --> 00:48:14,101
<font color="
Herb Macia scrapes the waves

689
00:48:14,101 --> 00:48:18,505
and gets
airborne -- by a whisker.

690
00:48:20,741 --> 00:48:27,314
There's no turning back -- the
deck is too short to land on.

691
00:48:29,750 --> 00:48:37,391
Sixteen planes are off to
Japan, on a wing and a prayer.

692
00:48:38,692 --> 00:48:43,730
It's called the Doolittle raid,
for the Colonel who leads it.

693
00:48:44,498 --> 00:48:48,235
There's no footage
of the raid itself.

694
00:48:49,102 --> 00:48:54,641
Some bombs hit Tokyo,
but damage is minimal.

695
00:48:56,476 --> 00:49:01,381
Most planes go on to
crash land in China.

696
00:49:02,382 --> 00:49:08,288
As payback for Pearl
Harbor, it hardly rates.

697
00:49:08,789 --> 00:49:12,059
America doesn't care.

698
00:49:12,659 --> 00:49:14,328
<b>ARCHIVE</b>: Doolittle
and his gallant men

699
00:49:14,328 --> 00:49:17,698
shake the complacency
of the Japanese warlords.

700
00:49:17,698 --> 00:49:19,800
<i>♫  ♫</i>

701
00:49:19,800 --> 00:49:21,802
<b>NARRATOR</b>: It will
take more than a few bombs

702
00:49:21,802 --> 00:49:25,105
to win the Pacific War.

703
00:49:25,672 --> 00:49:29,576
It will take
weapons yet to be built.

704
00:49:30,611 --> 00:49:33,313
Teamwork yet to be tested.

705
00:49:33,313 --> 00:49:37,150
(sounds of warfare)

706
00:49:37,150 --> 00:49:41,355
And blood yet to be spilled.

707
00:49:42,256 --> 00:49:47,527
For now, the combatants
remain an ocean apart.

708
00:49:50,864 --> 00:49:54,735
But soon, the
Pacific War will move beyond

709
00:49:54,735 --> 00:50:00,073
rushing across the
sea for sneak attacks.

710
00:50:01,141 --> 00:50:05,579
Instead, it will
collide with gruesome force,

711
00:50:05,579 --> 00:50:11,051
with young men meeting
face to face to slug it out.

712
00:50:14,421 --> 00:50:19,126
<b>PVT DURHAM</b>: I was scared to
death, ice water in my veins.

713
00:50:19,126 --> 00:50:24,898
The only reason I could move was
because the rest of them were.

714
00:50:24,898 --> 00:50:27,467
<b>JAPANESE SOLDIER</b>: I am pleased
to think that I will die

715
00:50:27,467 --> 00:50:30,504
in true samurai style.

716
00:50:30,504 --> 00:50:35,509
I feel now like a
full-fledged warrior.

717
00:50:36,143 --> 00:50:40,414
<b>NARRATOR</b>: The stakes
are unblinkingly clear.

718
00:50:41,548 --> 00:50:46,186
Succeed, and control
a third of the globe.

719
00:50:46,820 --> 00:50:51,458
Fail, and crash into the abyss.