1 00:00:17,500 --> 00:00:20,500 Captions made possible by HOME BOX OFFICE 2 00:00:20,500 --> 00:00:23,767 A Division of TIME WARNER ENTERTAINMENT COMPANY, L.P. 3 00:00:33,834 --> 00:00:37,200 ♪ COME ROUND BY MY SIDE ♪ 4 00:00:37,200 --> 00:00:40,266 ♪ AND I'LL SING YOU A SONG ♪ 5 00:00:41,200 --> 00:00:43,667 ♪ I'LL SING IT SO SOFTLY ♪ 6 00:00:43,667 --> 00:00:46,600 ♪ IT'LL DO NO ONE WRONG ♪ 7 00:00:47,834 --> 00:00:50,400 ♪ ON BIRMINGHAM SUNDAY ♪ 8 00:00:50,400 --> 00:00:53,600 ♪ THE BLOOD RAN LIKE WINE ♪ 9 00:00:54,400 --> 00:00:59,533 ♪ AND THE CHOIR KEPT SINGING OF FREEDOM ♪ 10 00:01:04,767 --> 00:01:07,867 ♪ THAT COLD AUTUMN MORNING ♪ 11 00:01:07,867 --> 00:01:11,200 ♪ NO EYES SAW THE SUN ♪ 12 00:01:11,200 --> 00:01:13,900 ♪ AND ADDIE MAE COLLINS ♪ 13 00:01:13,900 --> 00:01:16,767 ♪ HER NUMBER WAS ONE ♪ 14 00:01:17,900 --> 00:01:20,033 ♪ IN AN OLD BAPTIST CHURCH ♪ 15 00:01:20,033 --> 00:01:24,033 ♪ THERE WAS NO NEED TO RUN ♪ 16 00:01:24,033 --> 00:01:29,700 ♪ AND THE CHOIR KEPT SINGING OF FREEDOM ♪ 17 00:01:33,500 --> 00:01:36,033 ♪ THE CLOUDS THEY WERE DARK ♪ 18 00:01:36,033 --> 00:01:39,133 ♪ THE AUTUMN WIND BLEW ♪ 19 00:01:39,133 --> 00:01:41,900 ♪ AND DENISE McNAIR ♪ 20 00:01:41,900 --> 00:01:45,233 ♪ BROUGHT THE NUMBER TO TWO ♪ 21 00:01:45,934 --> 00:01:48,233 ♪ THE FALCON OF DEATH ♪ 22 00:01:48,233 --> 00:01:51,900 ♪ WAS A CREATURE THEY KNEW ♪ 23 00:01:51,900 --> 00:01:58,600 ♪ AND THE CHOIR KEPT SINGING OF FREEDOM ♪ 24 00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:05,033 ♪ THE CHURCH IT WAS CROWDED ♪ 25 00:02:05,033 --> 00:02:08,567 ♪ AND NO ONE COULD SEE ♪ 26 00:02:08,567 --> 00:02:11,467 ♪ THAT CYNTHIA WESLEY'S ♪ 27 00:02:11,467 --> 00:02:15,033 ♪ DARK NUMBER WAS THREE ♪ 28 00:02:15,834 --> 00:02:18,567 ♪ HER PRAYERS AND HER FEELINGS ♪ 29 00:02:18,567 --> 00:02:22,066 ♪ WOULD SHAME YOU AND ME ♪ 30 00:02:22,066 --> 00:02:28,100 ♪ AND THE CHOIR KEPT SINGING OF FREEDOM ♪ 31 00:02:33,166 --> 00:02:35,266 ♪ YOUNG CAROLE ROBERTSON ♪ 32 00:02:35,266 --> 00:02:38,433 ♪ ENTERED THE DOOR ♪ 33 00:02:38,433 --> 00:02:41,033 ♪ AND THE NUMBER HER KILLERS ♪ 34 00:02:41,033 --> 00:02:44,533 ♪ HAD GIVEN WAS FOUR ♪ 35 00:02:44,533 --> 00:02:47,800 ♪ SHE ASKED FOR A BLESSING ♪ 36 00:02:47,800 --> 00:02:51,600 ♪ BUT ASKED FOR NO MORE ♪ 37 00:02:51,600 --> 00:02:57,166 ♪ AND THE CHOIR KEPT SINGING OF FREEDOM ♪ 38 00:03:01,934 --> 00:03:04,900 ♪ ON BIRMINGHAM SUNDAY ♪ 39 00:03:04,900 --> 00:03:08,367 ♪ THE NOISE SHOOK THE GROUND ♪ 40 00:03:08,367 --> 00:03:11,200 ♪ AND PEOPLE ALL OVER ♪ 41 00:03:11,200 --> 00:03:14,900 ♪ THE EARTH TURNED AROUND ♪ 42 00:03:14,900 --> 00:03:17,600 ♪ FOR NO ONE RECALLED ♪ 43 00:03:17,600 --> 00:03:21,533 ♪ A MORE COWARDLY SOUND ♪ 44 00:03:21,533 --> 00:03:28,333 ♪ AND THE CHOIR KEPT SINGING OF FREEDOM ♪ 45 00:03:33,633 --> 00:03:36,633 ♪ THE MEN IN THE FOREST ♪ 46 00:03:36,633 --> 00:03:40,266 ♪ THEY ONCE ASKED OF ME ♪ 47 00:03:40,266 --> 00:03:43,266 ♪ HOW MANY BLACKBERRIES ♪ 48 00:03:43,266 --> 00:03:47,166 ♪ GROW IN THE BLUE SEA ♪ 49 00:03:47,166 --> 00:03:49,467 ♪ I ASKED RIGHT THEM BACK ♪ 50 00:03:49,467 --> 00:03:53,834 ♪ WITH A TEAR IN MY EYE ♪ 51 00:03:53,834 --> 00:03:57,000 ♪ HOW MANY DARK SHIPS ♪ 52 00:03:57,000 --> 00:04:01,100 ♪ IN THE FOREST ♪ 53 00:04:02,300 --> 00:04:05,033 ♪ THE SUNDAY HAS COME ♪ 54 00:04:05,033 --> 00:04:08,600 ♪ THE SUNDAY HAS GONE ♪ 55 00:04:08,600 --> 00:04:11,333 ♪ AND I CAN'T DO MUCH MORE ♪ 56 00:04:11,333 --> 00:04:15,233 ♪ THAN TO SING YOU A SONG ♪ 57 00:04:15,233 --> 00:04:18,100 ♪ I'LL SING IT SO SOFTLY ♪ 58 00:04:18,100 --> 00:04:22,166 ♪ IT'LL DO NO ONE WRONG ♪ 59 00:04:22,166 --> 00:04:28,166 ♪ AND THE CHOIR KEEPS SINGING OF FREEDOM ♪ 60 00:04:42,233 --> 00:04:45,233 I COME FROM ARKANSAS ORIGINALLY, 61 00:04:45,233 --> 00:04:47,667 WENT TO SCHOOL AT TUSKEGEE, 62 00:04:47,667 --> 00:04:49,934 MET MY WIFE THERE 63 00:04:49,934 --> 00:04:53,500 AND MY FIRST JOB AFTER I LEFT TUSKEGEE WAS IN MISSISSIPPI. 64 00:04:53,500 --> 00:04:55,900 IT WAS HIS JUNIOR YEAR ALSO. 65 00:04:55,900 --> 00:04:57,734 HE'D BEEN TO THE SERVICE. 66 00:04:57,734 --> 00:05:00,767 AND I WALKED IN WITH MY SO-CALLED BOYFRIEND, 67 00:05:00,767 --> 00:05:04,600 IN THE LOUNGE WHERE THE GIRLS SAT. 68 00:05:04,600 --> 00:05:07,633 AND HE WAS WITH HIS GIRLFRIEND. 69 00:05:07,633 --> 00:05:10,800 AND I THOUGHT I WAS LOOKING GOOD, HA-HA-HA. 70 00:05:10,800 --> 00:05:13,734 AND I'D JUST MADE THIS SUIT THAT I HAD ON, 71 00:05:13,734 --> 00:05:16,133 AND HE SAID, "MMM, LOOKS GOOD. 72 00:05:16,133 --> 00:05:18,200 TURN AROUND AND LET ME SEE IT." 73 00:05:18,200 --> 00:05:20,867 AND OF COURSE I DIDN'T HAVE ANY BETTER SENSE THAN TO DO IT. 74 00:05:20,867 --> 00:05:23,400 BUT WE DIDN'T HAVE ANYTHING ELSE TO DO WITH EACH OTHER, 75 00:05:23,400 --> 00:05:25,467 OTHER THAN JUST FRIENDSHIP, 76 00:05:25,467 --> 00:05:28,433 UNTIL OUR SENIOR YEAR. 77 00:05:28,433 --> 00:05:31,266 WELL, I ALWAYS SAID IN A JOKING MANNER 78 00:05:31,266 --> 00:05:33,867 THAT I SAW HER AT TUSKEGEE 79 00:05:33,867 --> 00:05:37,700 AND FELT THAT I WOULD BE A MISSIONARY 80 00:05:37,700 --> 00:05:39,867 AND COME TO ALABAMA AND HELP HER OUT. 81 00:05:39,867 --> 00:05:42,433 AND SO I'VE BEEN HELPING HER OUT FOR 46 YEARS NOW. 82 00:05:42,433 --> 00:05:45,100 ( Maxine ) WHAT I WANTED IN LIFE FOR MYSELF 83 00:05:45,100 --> 00:05:48,066 WAS A HUSBAND, A HOUSE AND SOME CHILDREN. 84 00:05:48,066 --> 00:05:51,100 SO WHEN I MET CHRIS, 85 00:05:51,100 --> 00:05:53,767 AND WE DID HAVE THIS CHILD, 86 00:05:53,767 --> 00:05:55,467 I WAS EXCITED. 87 00:05:55,467 --> 00:05:57,767 BUT THERE WAS ONE LITTLE CONFLICT... 88 00:05:57,767 --> 00:06:00,066 I COULDN'T LEAVE MY MAMA ALONE. 89 00:06:00,066 --> 00:06:02,300 I HAD TO COME BACK TO BIRMINGHAM, 90 00:06:02,300 --> 00:06:04,400 HAVE THE BABY IN BIRMINGHAM 91 00:06:04,400 --> 00:06:06,600 WITH A DOCTOR THAT I WAS FAMILIAR WITH. 92 00:06:06,600 --> 00:06:10,400 AND HE DIDN'T LIKE THAT TOO HOT, BUT HE DID CONSENT. 93 00:06:10,400 --> 00:06:13,066 DENISE WAS A VERY CHARMING CHILD, 94 00:06:13,066 --> 00:06:15,567 A VERY LOVABLE CHILD. 95 00:06:15,567 --> 00:06:18,600 AND A VERY CARING CHILD. 96 00:06:18,600 --> 00:06:20,700 I THINK SHE SPENT MOST OF HER TIME 97 00:06:20,700 --> 00:06:23,133 TRYING TO DO FOR OTHER CHILDREN. 98 00:06:23,133 --> 00:06:25,867 SHE HAD A GOOD GROUP OF FRIENDS THAT LIVED IN THE COMMUNITY, 99 00:06:25,867 --> 00:06:29,266 AND A LOT OF TIMES SHE WOULD COME DOWN TO MY HOUSE. 100 00:06:29,266 --> 00:06:32,000 OH, SHE LOVED TO COME OVER HERE 101 00:06:32,000 --> 00:06:35,433 BECAUSE AT THAT TIME SHE WAS AN ONLY CHILD. 102 00:06:35,433 --> 00:06:39,467 AND THERE WERE FOUR CHILDREN IN THIS HOUSE, 103 00:06:39,467 --> 00:06:42,433 TWO GIRLS AND TWO BOYS. 104 00:06:42,433 --> 00:06:46,734 SHE COULDN'T WAIT TO FIND OUT WHAT EVERYTHING WAS ABOUT, 105 00:06:46,734 --> 00:06:50,767 SEE WHAT THIS IS AND KNOW WHAT THIS PERSON IS, 106 00:06:50,767 --> 00:06:52,633 AND TALK TO EVERYBODY. 107 00:06:52,633 --> 00:06:56,200 SHE WAS VERY FRIENDLY, AND SEEMINGLY VERY HAPPY. 108 00:06:56,200 --> 00:06:59,233 ( Chris ) VERY AGGRESSIVE, VERY AGGRESSIVE, 109 00:06:59,233 --> 00:07:01,200 VERY FEISTY. 110 00:07:01,200 --> 00:07:05,066 OBVIOUSLY, WHEN SOMEBODY'S NOT AROUND, YOU TEND TO PRAISE 111 00:07:05,066 --> 00:07:07,867 SOMETIMES EVEN WHERE PRAISE MAY NOT BE DUE, 112 00:07:07,867 --> 00:07:10,934 BUT VERY INQUISITIVE. 113 00:07:10,934 --> 00:07:13,567 AND VERY MUCH A LEADER. 114 00:07:13,567 --> 00:07:16,767 SHE WAS A VERY LOVABLE LITTLE GIRL. 115 00:07:16,767 --> 00:07:18,500 AND I MISS HER. 116 00:07:22,700 --> 00:07:24,300 ( train whistle ) 117 00:07:37,934 --> 00:07:41,333 WHEN I CAME HERE IN THE 50's, 118 00:07:41,333 --> 00:07:44,100 TO GET A JOB WAS A REAL CHORE, 119 00:07:44,100 --> 00:07:47,633 ESPECIALLY IF YOU CAME TO THIS BLUE COLLAR TOWN 120 00:07:47,633 --> 00:07:49,800 AND YOU HAD A COLLEGE DEGREE, 121 00:07:49,800 --> 00:07:51,533 AND YOU WERE GOING TO STEEL MILLS 122 00:07:51,533 --> 00:07:53,633 MAKING APPLICATIONS, 123 00:07:53,633 --> 00:07:56,400 AND NOBODY WAS LOOKING FOR ANY MORE COLLEGE GRADUATES. 124 00:07:56,400 --> 00:07:58,333 BIRMINGHAM'S A STEEL TOWN. 125 00:07:58,333 --> 00:08:01,133 BIRMINGHAM WAS BUILT IN THE LATE 1800's 126 00:08:01,133 --> 00:08:05,100 BY THE BARONS FROM THE NORTH WHO CAME DOWN 127 00:08:05,100 --> 00:08:07,600 AND REALIZED THAT WE HAD EVERY COMBINATION. 128 00:08:07,600 --> 00:08:10,533 WE HAD PEOPLE, WE HAD NATURAL RESOURCES, 129 00:08:10,533 --> 00:08:12,867 WE HAD RUBBER TRANSPORTATION. 130 00:08:12,867 --> 00:08:15,200 IT GREW BY LEAPS AND BOUNDS. 131 00:08:15,200 --> 00:08:17,867 IT WAS KNOWN AS "THE MAGIC CITY" 'CAUSE IT GREW SO FAST. 132 00:08:17,867 --> 00:08:20,033 BUT YOU HAD PEOPLE COMING IN, 133 00:08:20,033 --> 00:08:22,667 A LABORING CLASS OF PEOPLE, A BLUE COLLAR TOWN, 134 00:08:22,667 --> 00:08:24,934 AND IT WAS A VIOLENT TOWN. 135 00:08:24,934 --> 00:08:27,900 IT WAS A UNION... A TOWN OF UNION VIOLENCE, 136 00:08:27,900 --> 00:08:30,700 THE VIOLENCE AGAINST WORKERS CONDONED BY THE POLICE 137 00:08:30,700 --> 00:08:32,734 AND BY UNITED STATES STEEL 138 00:08:32,734 --> 00:08:34,900 AND THE OTHER BIG INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES. 139 00:08:34,900 --> 00:08:37,400 IT HAD A LONG HISTORY OF LABOR VIOLENCE. 140 00:08:37,400 --> 00:08:39,834 SO YOU HAD A TRADITION OF VIOLENCE 141 00:08:39,834 --> 00:08:42,900 FLOWING OUT OF AN INDUSTRIAL SETTING, 142 00:08:42,900 --> 00:08:44,900 WITH THE OVERLAY OF RURAL RACISM 143 00:08:44,900 --> 00:08:46,834 COMING IN FROM THE COUNTRYSIDE, 144 00:08:46,834 --> 00:08:48,800 TRADITIONAL OLD SOUTH RACISM. 145 00:08:48,800 --> 00:08:50,600 WITH THAT BACKGROUND, 146 00:08:50,600 --> 00:08:54,233 THE 50's WERE A TIME OF QUIETNESS HERE. 147 00:08:54,233 --> 00:08:56,800 A WONDERFUL PLACE TO LIVE 148 00:08:56,800 --> 00:09:00,133 AND RAISE A FAMILY. 149 00:09:01,800 --> 00:09:05,333 BIRMINGHAM WAS JUST BIRMINGHAM. 150 00:09:05,333 --> 00:09:08,467 WHITE/COLORED. 151 00:09:08,467 --> 00:09:10,533 NOT WHITE/BLACK, WHITE/COLORED. 152 00:09:10,533 --> 00:09:12,967 YOU WOULD HAVE TO HAVE LIVED HERE 153 00:09:12,967 --> 00:09:15,000 TO UNDERSTAND SOME OF THE FEELINGS 154 00:09:15,000 --> 00:09:17,700 THAT WERE GOING ON AT THAT TIME. 155 00:09:17,700 --> 00:09:19,867 BLACK PEOPLE WERE IN THEIR PLACES 156 00:09:19,867 --> 00:09:22,400 AND WHITE FOLK WERE IN THEIRS, IF THERE'S SUCH A THING. 157 00:09:22,400 --> 00:09:25,033 AND THE WATER FOUNTAINS, BLACK AND WHITE, 158 00:09:25,033 --> 00:09:27,467 AND ALL OF THOSE KINDS OF THINGS EXISTED, 159 00:09:27,467 --> 00:09:29,500 AND EXISTED IN ORDER. 160 00:09:29,500 --> 00:09:31,600 YOU MAY SEE IN SOME OF THE PICTURES 161 00:09:31,600 --> 00:09:33,567 CABS WHICH SAID "COLORED ONLY", 162 00:09:33,567 --> 00:09:35,533 CABS WHICH SAID "WHITE ONLY", 163 00:09:35,533 --> 00:09:37,934 A BATHROOM AT THE BUS STATION, "WHITE ONLY. 164 00:09:37,934 --> 00:09:40,367 I HAVE AN OLDER BROTHER AND THERE WERE TWO OF US 165 00:09:40,367 --> 00:09:42,734 LIKE NINE OR TEN MONTHS APART, 166 00:09:42,734 --> 00:09:44,667 AND MY MOTHER WOULD HAVE TO MAKE A CHOICE. 167 00:09:44,667 --> 00:09:46,967 AND SHE WOULD ALWAYS JUST LET ONE OF US 168 00:09:46,967 --> 00:09:48,500 DRINK FROM THE WHITE FOUNTAIN 169 00:09:48,500 --> 00:09:50,533 AND ONE OF US FROM THE BLACK FOUNTAIN. 170 00:09:50,533 --> 00:09:52,934 AND SHE KNEW THAT IT WAS IN VIOLATION OF THE LAW. 171 00:09:52,934 --> 00:09:55,300 AND IT WAS SO HARD TO TELL YOUR CHILD, 172 00:09:55,300 --> 00:09:58,500 YOUR SIX OR SEVEN-YEAR-OLD WHEN IT'S TIME FOR WATER, 173 00:09:58,500 --> 00:10:00,700 YOU KNOW, THEY WANTED SOME WATER, 174 00:10:00,700 --> 00:10:04,000 AND MAYBE THE CHILD ATTEMPTED TO GO TO A FOUNTAIN 175 00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:06,033 THAT WAS MARKED FOR WHITE. 176 00:10:06,033 --> 00:10:09,767 AND YOU WOULD HAVE TO TELL HIM, "NO, LET'S TAKE THIS FOUNTAIN", 177 00:10:09,767 --> 00:10:14,667 AND SAY, "WHY CAN'T I GO TO THAT ONE ? THERE'S NOBODY THERE." 178 00:10:14,667 --> 00:10:16,967 "NO, WE'LL JUST USE THIS ONE." 179 00:10:16,967 --> 00:10:18,667 IT WAS AN AWFUL TIME. 180 00:10:18,667 --> 00:10:21,033 IT WAS AN AWFUL TIME FOR YOUNG PEOPLE 181 00:10:21,033 --> 00:10:24,467 I'D SAY, TO GROW UP IN THIS CITY. 182 00:10:24,467 --> 00:10:26,934 WHEN MY DAUGHTER DENISE 183 00:10:26,934 --> 00:10:29,033 WAS ABOUT SIX YEARS OLD, 184 00:10:29,033 --> 00:10:32,834 AND I'VE ALWAYS DESPISED GOING SHOPPING WITH MY WIFE, 185 00:10:32,834 --> 00:10:37,133 BECAUSE MY PATIENCE DOESN'T HOLD FOR SHOPPING, 186 00:10:37,133 --> 00:10:41,333 AT ANY RATE, THIS WAS CHRISTMAS AND WE WERE SHOPPING, 187 00:10:41,333 --> 00:10:45,567 AND WE HAD COME TO A STORE, 188 00:10:45,567 --> 00:10:47,600 IN FACT IT WAS KRESS', 189 00:10:47,600 --> 00:10:50,300 GOING IN THERE TO BUY SOME RIBBONS. 190 00:10:50,300 --> 00:10:52,800 AND WHEN WE GOT INTO KRESS', 191 00:10:52,800 --> 00:10:56,200 DENISE SAID SHE HAD TO GO TO THE REST ROOM. 192 00:10:56,200 --> 00:10:58,500 SO WE WENT DOWNSTAIRS WHERE THE REST ROOMS WERE, 193 00:10:58,500 --> 00:11:00,500 BLACK AND WHITE AGAIN, 194 00:11:00,500 --> 00:11:02,500 BLACK AND COLORED, I BEG YOUR PARDON. 195 00:11:02,500 --> 00:11:04,633 WHITE AND COLORED. 196 00:11:04,633 --> 00:11:06,600 SO WHEN WE GOT DOWN THERE, 197 00:11:06,600 --> 00:11:08,734 THE LUNCH COUNTER WAS ALSO IN THERE 198 00:11:08,734 --> 00:11:11,200 AND YOU COULD SMELL THE ONION, THE HAMBURGERS. 199 00:11:11,200 --> 00:11:13,066 DENISE SAID SHE WANTED A SANDWICH. 200 00:11:13,066 --> 00:11:15,934 AND IT WAS KIND OF PAINFUL TO SAY "NO, YOU CAN'T HAVE IT." 201 00:11:15,934 --> 00:11:18,467 SHE WANTED TO KNOW WHY. 202 00:11:18,467 --> 00:11:22,000 AND WE HAD TO TELL HER THIS AGE-OLD STORY 203 00:11:22,000 --> 00:11:25,233 ABOUT WHITES ONLY CAN EAT HERE, BUT WE CAN'T. 204 00:11:25,233 --> 00:11:27,166 WE WILL EAT WHEN WE GET HOME. 205 00:11:27,166 --> 00:11:29,500 SHE DIDN'T UNDERSTAND THAT SO HOT. 206 00:11:29,500 --> 00:11:32,033 THAT WAS THE NIGHT THAT I MADE UP MY MIND 207 00:11:32,033 --> 00:11:34,166 THAT I GUESS I HAD TO TELL HER 208 00:11:34,166 --> 00:11:37,100 THAT SHE COULDN'T HAVE THAT SANDWICH BECAUSE SHE WAS BLACK. 209 00:11:37,100 --> 00:11:40,133 I GUESS FOR MEN IT'S WORSE THAN IT IS FOR WOMEN... 210 00:11:41,200 --> 00:11:45,233 BECAUSE THEY ARE MORE SENSITIVE, 211 00:11:45,233 --> 00:11:47,266 I GUESS THAT'S WHAT YOU MIGHT CALL IT. 212 00:11:47,266 --> 00:11:49,166 THEY HATE TO SAY, "MY CHILD CAN'T DO 213 00:11:49,166 --> 00:11:51,000 "BUT EVERYBODY ELSE'S CHILD CAN DO IT. 214 00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:53,567 "AND IT MAKES ME MAD THAT I CAN'T DO ANYTHING ABOUT IT. 215 00:11:53,567 --> 00:11:56,967 I CAN'T CHANGE IT RIGHT NOW." 216 00:11:56,967 --> 00:11:59,000 WELL, I WANT YOU TO KNOW THAT NIGHT 217 00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:01,000 COULDN'T HAVE BEEN ANY MORE PAINFUL 218 00:12:01,000 --> 00:12:04,367 THAN SEEING HER LAYING THERE WITH A ROCK SMASHED IN HER HEAD, 219 00:12:04,367 --> 00:12:07,533 THAN TO TELL HER THAT I COULDN'T BUY HER THAT SANDWICH 220 00:12:07,533 --> 00:12:09,834 BECAUSE SHE WAS BLACK. 221 00:12:09,834 --> 00:12:13,066 AND I'M NOT SURE IF SHE EVER UNDERSTOOD THAT. 222 00:12:13,066 --> 00:12:15,800 ( Spike Lee ) HOW DID SHE REACT WHEN YOU TOLD HER THAT ? 223 00:12:15,800 --> 00:12:18,834 VERY STRANGE, VERY CONFUSED, 224 00:12:18,834 --> 00:12:21,633 AS IF A WHOLE WORLD OF BETRAYAL 225 00:12:21,633 --> 00:12:23,500 HAD FALLEN ON HER AT THAT MOMENT. 226 00:12:27,934 --> 00:12:30,600 I REMEMBER CAROLE AS A VERY VIVACIOUS, 227 00:12:30,600 --> 00:12:33,433 LOVABLE 14-YEAR-OLD. 228 00:12:33,433 --> 00:12:37,500 THE THIRD CHILD OF ALPHA AND ALVIN, 229 00:12:37,500 --> 00:12:41,333 AND VERY WELL-LOVED AND TAKEN CARE OF IN THE FAMILY. 230 00:12:41,333 --> 00:12:44,200 AND QUITE ACTIVE IN HER SCHOOLWORK, 231 00:12:44,200 --> 00:12:46,100 QUITE ACTIVE IN HER CHURCH WORK. 232 00:12:46,100 --> 00:12:48,567 I ALWAYS REMEMBER WHEN SHE WAS BORN 233 00:12:48,567 --> 00:12:52,033 MY FATHER TELLING ME THAT I WAS STANDING OUTSIDE 234 00:12:52,033 --> 00:12:54,667 IN FRONT OF THE HOUSE WITH MY SKATES ON, 235 00:12:54,667 --> 00:12:56,467 ANNOUNCING TO EVERYBODY 236 00:12:56,467 --> 00:12:59,000 THAT I HAD A BRAND NEW BABY SISTER, 237 00:12:59,000 --> 00:13:01,700 AND I WAS SO HAPPY TO HAVE A LITTLE SISTER. 238 00:13:01,700 --> 00:13:05,834 CAROLE WAS A VERY GIVING, OUTGOING PERSON. 239 00:13:05,834 --> 00:13:09,533 SHE HAD A LOT OF FRIENDS, A LOT OF FRIENDS. 240 00:13:09,533 --> 00:13:12,033 SHE WAS A BEAUTIFUL DAUGHTER. 241 00:13:12,033 --> 00:13:15,567 SHE WAS YOUR AVERAGE KID GROWING UP. 242 00:13:15,567 --> 00:13:18,200 SHE WAS SMART, SHE PLAYED MUSIC, 243 00:13:18,200 --> 00:13:22,000 SHE WAS A SCOUT, AN AVID READER. 244 00:13:22,000 --> 00:13:24,834 SHE WORKED WITH THE LIBRARY ASSISTANCE GROUPS 245 00:13:24,834 --> 00:13:26,600 IN THE CITY AND STATE. 246 00:13:26,600 --> 00:13:29,700 SHE TOOK DANCING LESSONS. 247 00:13:29,700 --> 00:13:31,667 SHE DIDN'T PLAY THE PIANO, THOUGH. 248 00:13:31,667 --> 00:13:34,000 I USED TO HAVE TO TAKE HER TO THE MOVIES, 249 00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:35,800 THE SATURDAY MOVIES WITH ME. 250 00:13:35,800 --> 00:13:37,400 THEY WERE SEGREGATED, 251 00:13:37,400 --> 00:13:40,767 AND WE'D HAVE TO GO UPSTAIRS INTO THE BALCONY. 252 00:13:40,767 --> 00:13:44,834 WE'D SIT AND WE'D THROW POPCORN AND ICE. 253 00:13:44,834 --> 00:13:47,433 WE WOULD THROW THEM DOWN ON THE WHITE FOLKS. 254 00:13:47,433 --> 00:13:51,266 AND SHE ALWAYS THOUGHT THAT WAS REAL FUNNY, 255 00:13:51,266 --> 00:13:55,600 BUT SHE KNEW THAT WE WERE NOT SUPPOSED TO BE DOING THAT. 256 00:13:55,600 --> 00:13:57,867 AND SO IT WAS LIKE "I'M GONNA TELL". 257 00:13:57,867 --> 00:14:00,300 ( Alpha ) SHE PLAYED CLARINET IN THE BAND 258 00:14:00,300 --> 00:14:03,066 AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL AND HIGH-SCHOOL. 259 00:14:03,066 --> 00:14:05,700 SHE WAS SUPPOSED TO PLAY HER FIRST GAME 260 00:14:05,700 --> 00:14:09,767 THAT MONDAY NIGHT AFTER THE BOMBING, 261 00:14:09,767 --> 00:14:12,567 THE BAND WAS SUPPOSED TO PLAY. 262 00:14:12,567 --> 00:14:15,834 PARKER WAS PLAYING SOMEBODY, I'VE FORGOTTEN WHO. 263 00:14:15,834 --> 00:14:18,633 THIS IS... 264 00:14:18,633 --> 00:14:21,500 HER LAST SASH 265 00:14:21,500 --> 00:14:23,533 WITH THE BADGES. 266 00:14:23,533 --> 00:14:25,900 SHE WAS A MEMBER 267 00:14:25,900 --> 00:14:28,767 AT THAT TIME OF TROOP 264. 268 00:14:28,767 --> 00:14:32,333 AND THOSE WERE THE BADGES THAT SHE HAD EARNED 269 00:14:32,333 --> 00:14:35,700 IN THE PROCESS. 270 00:14:35,700 --> 00:14:39,900 BUT SHE HAD BEEN A SCOUT ALL ALONG, 271 00:14:39,900 --> 00:14:42,166 FROM BROWNIE ON UP. 272 00:14:42,166 --> 00:14:46,834 THIS BIBLE SHE HAD IN HER POCKETBOOK 273 00:14:46,834 --> 00:14:49,367 THE DAY OF THE BOMBING. 274 00:14:49,367 --> 00:14:52,700 WHEN WE GOT IT IT HAD DIRT 275 00:14:52,700 --> 00:14:55,333 AND PART OF THIS WAS TORN OUT. 276 00:14:55,333 --> 00:15:00,667 BUT FOR A LONG TIME I KEPT IT IN MY POCKETBOOK, 277 00:15:00,667 --> 00:15:03,467 BUT I'VE TAKEN IT OUT NOW AND I'VE PUT IT UP 278 00:15:03,467 --> 00:15:05,967 AND LOOK AT IT EVERY NOW AND THEN. 279 00:15:05,967 --> 00:15:11,033 IN 1949, MY LAST YEAR IN COLLEGE, 280 00:15:11,033 --> 00:15:14,700 I WENT THROUGH BIRMINGHAM WITH MY BOSS. 281 00:15:14,700 --> 00:15:17,867 I WORKED IN THE FOOD SERVICE IN THE SCHOOL CAFETERIA, 282 00:15:17,867 --> 00:15:20,000 ERNEST O'ROURKE. 283 00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:21,667 AND HE WAS TELLING ME ON THE WAY DOWN 284 00:15:21,667 --> 00:15:24,800 ABOUT THIS SECTION OF BIRMINGHAM CALLED "DYNAMITE HILL". 285 00:15:24,800 --> 00:15:27,100 I SAID, "WHY THEY CALL IT "DYNAMITE HILL" ?" 286 00:15:27,100 --> 00:15:28,867 HE SAID, "IT USED TO BE A GARBAGE DUMP 287 00:15:28,867 --> 00:15:31,000 "AND THEY CLEARED THE LAND AND FIXED IT UP, 288 00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:32,800 "AND BLACK PEOPLE BUILT HOMES UP THERE. 289 00:15:32,800 --> 00:15:34,400 AND THEY'RE NICE HOMES." 290 00:15:34,400 --> 00:15:37,166 HE SAID, "AND THE HONKIES JUST BOMB 'EM 291 00:15:37,166 --> 00:15:39,700 BECAUSE THEY RESENT BLACK FOLKS HAVING GOOD HOMES." 292 00:15:39,700 --> 00:15:42,934 WE ARRIVED IN BIRMINGHAM ABOUT 4:00 IN THE AFTERNOON. 293 00:15:42,934 --> 00:15:46,066 AT 5:30 A BOMB WENT OFF ON DYNAMITE HILL. 294 00:15:46,066 --> 00:15:48,500 NOW THAT'S 1949, 295 00:15:48,500 --> 00:15:52,700 AND NOW YOU'RE GOING FAST-FORWARD TO 1962. 296 00:15:52,700 --> 00:15:54,633 WE'RE HERE AT BETHEL BAPTIST CHURCH, 297 00:15:54,633 --> 00:15:58,166 THE CHURCH WHICH SERVED AS THE HEADQUARTERS 298 00:15:58,166 --> 00:16:01,133 FOR THE MOVEMENT FOR CHANGE IN BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA, 299 00:16:01,133 --> 00:16:03,633 BACK IN THE '50's AND THE '60's. 300 00:16:03,633 --> 00:16:06,734 I'M STANDING AT THE CORNER OF THE CHURCH 301 00:16:06,734 --> 00:16:09,233 WHERE THE HOUSE WAS AT THAT TIME. 302 00:16:09,233 --> 00:16:11,500 WOULD YOU CARE TO TELL US ABOUT THE TWO BOMBINGS ? 303 00:16:11,500 --> 00:16:15,533 THE FIRST BOMBING WAS IN DECEMBER, 304 00:16:15,533 --> 00:16:17,934 1956, CHRISTMAS NIGHT, 305 00:16:17,934 --> 00:16:21,934 WHEN SOMEBODY PLANTED TWELVE STICKS OF DYNAMITE. 306 00:16:21,934 --> 00:16:26,033 THE DYNAMITE WAS PLACED HERE AT THE CORNER OF THE CHURCH 307 00:16:26,033 --> 00:16:28,533 AND WOULD HAVE BEEN THE CORNER OF THE HOUSE. 308 00:16:28,533 --> 00:16:30,700 AND THAT'S WHERE THE HEAD OF MY BED WAS, 309 00:16:30,700 --> 00:16:31,934 AND I WAS IN THE BED. 310 00:16:31,934 --> 00:16:33,834 YOU CAN SEE THE CRACKS IN THE WALL. 311 00:16:33,834 --> 00:16:35,700 BUT THE IMPLOSIVE EFFECTS WENT INTO THE HOUSE. 312 00:16:35,700 --> 00:16:37,934 SO THAT IT BLEW THE WALL THAT WAS BETWEEN 313 00:16:37,934 --> 00:16:39,867 MY HEAD AND THE DYNAMITE AWAY. 314 00:16:39,867 --> 00:16:41,867 THE LIGHTS WENT OUT 315 00:16:41,867 --> 00:16:47,367 AND I FELT THE HEAD OF MY BED BEING DRIVEN DOWN, 316 00:16:47,367 --> 00:16:50,633 AND YET I WAS NOT AFRAID. 317 00:16:50,633 --> 00:16:52,600 I KNEW I WOULDN'T GET KILLED. 318 00:16:52,600 --> 00:16:55,500 I KNEW THERE WAS A PRESENCE THERE. 319 00:16:55,500 --> 00:16:58,900 WELL, AT THAT TIME THERE WAS A LOT OF BOMBING GOING ON, 320 00:16:58,900 --> 00:17:01,567 EVEN UP WHERE I LIVED. 321 00:17:01,567 --> 00:17:05,700 THEY STARTED UP ON THE HILL, UP ON GREEN SPRINGS AT THAT TIME. 322 00:17:05,700 --> 00:17:08,767 THERE WAS ONLY ABOUT ELEVEN HOUSES. 323 00:17:08,767 --> 00:17:11,900 WE WERE THE FIRST BLACK FAMILY UP THERE. 324 00:17:11,900 --> 00:17:14,667 AND THEY WOULD DRIVE BY, 325 00:17:14,667 --> 00:17:17,400 IN FACT, THEY THREW A FIREBOMB INTO OUR YARD 326 00:17:17,400 --> 00:17:19,734 BETWEEN THE HOUSES. 327 00:17:19,734 --> 00:17:23,834 AND WHEN THE PROBLEMS CAME, WE ALL HAD TO JUST 328 00:17:23,834 --> 00:17:26,467 RUN IN OUR CLOSETS WHEN WE WOULD HEAR THE BOMBS. 329 00:17:26,467 --> 00:17:30,000 BUT IT WAS JUST A COMMON THING THAT WAS HAPPENING. 330 00:17:30,000 --> 00:17:34,633 YOU COULD BE SITTING COMFORTABLE AND THE DYNAMITE WOULD GO OFF. 331 00:17:34,633 --> 00:17:37,233 ( Shuttlesworth ) ONE OF THE INTERESTING PARTS OF THAT NIGHT, 332 00:17:37,233 --> 00:17:39,467 AND THAT'S A DRAMATIC SITUATION, 333 00:17:39,467 --> 00:17:42,867 THE HOUSE WAS LEANING AND YOU COULDN'T GET OUT, 334 00:17:42,867 --> 00:17:45,000 SO A CROWD INSTANTANEOUSLY-- 335 00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:46,800 THIS STREET WAS FILLED WITHIN, 336 00:17:46,800 --> 00:17:48,667 I GUESS, TWO OR THREE MINUTES. 337 00:17:48,667 --> 00:17:51,333 A BIG BURLY POLICEMAN CAME BACK. 338 00:17:51,333 --> 00:17:54,266 THIS POLICEMAN DECIDED TO GIVE ME SOME ADVICE. 339 00:17:54,266 --> 00:17:57,600 INCIDENTALLY, HE WAS A KLANSMAN. 340 00:17:57,600 --> 00:18:00,533 WE THINK AT THAT TIME 341 00:18:00,533 --> 00:18:02,333 ABOUT A THIRD OF BIRMINGHAM POLICEMAN 342 00:18:02,333 --> 00:18:06,133 EITHER WERE KLANSMAN OR HAD KLAN AFFILIATION. 343 00:18:06,133 --> 00:18:08,400 HE SAID, "I REALLY DIDN'T BELIEVE 344 00:18:08,400 --> 00:18:10,967 THAT THEY WOULD GO THIS FAR." 345 00:18:12,300 --> 00:18:15,467 HE SAID, "I'LL TELL YOU WHAT I'D DO IF I WERE YOU, 346 00:18:15,467 --> 00:18:18,533 I'D GET OUT OF TOWN AS QUICK AS I COULD." 347 00:18:18,533 --> 00:18:21,266 I SAID, "OFFICER, YOU'RE NOT ME. 348 00:18:21,266 --> 00:18:24,300 "AND YOU GO BACK AND TELL YOUR KLAN BROTHERS 349 00:18:24,300 --> 00:18:26,900 "THAT IF GOD COULD KEEP ME THROUGH THIS, 350 00:18:26,900 --> 00:18:29,500 "THAT THE WAR'S ON, THE BATTLE HAS JUST BEGUN, 351 00:18:29,500 --> 00:18:32,033 AND I'LL BE AROUND FOR THE DURATION." 352 00:18:32,033 --> 00:18:35,266 WE'LL MAKE LIKE THIS IS BACK IN THE '60's. 353 00:18:35,266 --> 00:18:38,433 ( Spike ) HOW OLD WERE YOU BACK THEN ? 354 00:18:38,433 --> 00:18:40,567 AT THE TIME I WAS FOURTEEN. 355 00:18:40,567 --> 00:18:43,467 ( Spike ) YOU WERE THE SAME AGE AS CYNTHIA. 356 00:18:43,467 --> 00:18:46,700 THIS IS THE HOUSE SHE WAS BROUGHT UP IN, RIGHT HERE. 357 00:18:46,700 --> 00:18:49,767 WE WOULD PLAY ALL OUT HERE. 358 00:18:51,200 --> 00:18:55,734 SHE WOULD HAVE LITTLE LAWN PARTIES. 359 00:18:55,734 --> 00:18:58,000 SHE WAS WELL-LIKED. 360 00:18:58,000 --> 00:19:01,600 SHE HAD NO IDEA OF THE TRAGEDY THAT WAS GOING TO HAPPEN, 361 00:19:01,600 --> 00:19:06,300 BUT SHE LIVED A NORMAL LIFE. 362 00:19:06,300 --> 00:19:09,333 CYNTHIA WAS-- THIS IS THIRTY SOME YEARS AGO, 363 00:19:09,333 --> 00:19:11,700 BUT IMAGES. 364 00:19:11,700 --> 00:19:13,900 CYNTHIA COULD HAVE HUMOR. 365 00:19:13,900 --> 00:19:16,066 I REMEMBER LAUGHING WITH CYNTHIA. 366 00:19:16,066 --> 00:19:18,467 YOU COULD HAVE JOKES, YEAH, I REMEMBER THAT WELL. 367 00:19:18,467 --> 00:19:19,867 SHE WAS CARING. 368 00:19:19,867 --> 00:19:21,934 SOME PEOPLE ARE CARING AND SOME ARE NOT. 369 00:19:21,934 --> 00:19:23,834 I WAS A FAT LITTLE YOUNG BOY. 370 00:19:23,834 --> 00:19:26,000 SO SOME PEOPLE DIDN'T WANT TO BE BOTHERED WITH ME. 371 00:19:26,000 --> 00:19:27,867 CYNTHIA WOULD BE BOTHERED WITH ME. 372 00:19:27,867 --> 00:19:29,734 SHE WOULD, SHE WOULD TAKE TIME. 373 00:19:29,734 --> 00:19:31,834 AND JUST BE NICE TO ME AS A HUMAN BEING. 374 00:19:31,834 --> 00:19:33,467 CYNTHIA WESLEY... 375 00:19:34,834 --> 00:19:38,800 WAS THE DAUGHTER OF CLAUDE-- 376 00:19:38,800 --> 00:19:41,533 MR. AND MRS. CLAUDE WESLEY. 377 00:19:41,533 --> 00:19:45,834 AND HE WAS PRINCIPAL OF LEWIS SCHOOL AT THAT TIME. 378 00:19:45,834 --> 00:19:48,500 CYNTHIA WAS A DELIGHTFUL YOUNG LADY. 379 00:19:48,500 --> 00:19:52,266 THE WESLEYS ADOPTED CYNTHIA WHEN SHE WAS QUITE YOUNG, 380 00:19:52,266 --> 00:19:56,000 AND SHE GREW UP IN 16th STREET CHURCH WITH THEM. 381 00:19:56,000 --> 00:19:59,166 CYNTHIA WAS VERY INVOLVED IN CHURCH. 382 00:19:59,166 --> 00:20:02,100 SHE WAS IN THE CHOIR, AND IN FACT 383 00:20:02,100 --> 00:20:05,100 THE SUNDAY OF THE BOMBING, ON SEPTEMBER 15th, 384 00:20:05,100 --> 00:20:07,967 CYNTHIA WOULD HAVE BEGUN HER FIRST 385 00:20:07,967 --> 00:20:12,834 OPPORTUNITY AS AN USHER ON THAT SUNDAY. 386 00:20:12,834 --> 00:20:16,100 I WAS PROBABLY CLOSEST TO CYNTHIA WESLEY. 387 00:20:16,100 --> 00:20:18,500 WE WERE IN A LITTLE CLUB TOGETHER, 388 00:20:18,500 --> 00:20:20,967 AND IN THIS CLUB 389 00:20:20,967 --> 00:20:23,834 WE HAD LITTLE OUTFITS THAT MATCHED, AND HATS. 390 00:20:23,834 --> 00:20:26,133 WE HAD JUST ORDERED SOME NEW STUFF TO WEAR. 391 00:20:26,133 --> 00:20:28,166 AND IN FACT, AFTER SHE WAS KILLED, 392 00:20:28,166 --> 00:20:30,133 WE TOOK WHAT SHE HAD ORDERED TO HER MOM'S HOUSE 393 00:20:30,133 --> 00:20:32,266 AND SAT AND TALKED TO HER. 394 00:20:32,266 --> 00:20:34,767 ON THE SUNDAY MORNING, THE 15th, 395 00:20:34,767 --> 00:20:38,400 WHEN CYNTHIA AND THE OTHER GIRLS CAME TO SUNDAY SCHOOL, 396 00:20:38,400 --> 00:20:40,967 I REMEMBER MY MOTHER TELLING ME 397 00:20:40,967 --> 00:20:44,400 HOW SHE HAD CHIDED CYNTHIA 398 00:20:44,400 --> 00:20:46,700 BECAUSE AS SHE WAS COMING OUT OF THE HOUSE, 399 00:20:46,700 --> 00:20:49,100 SHE NOTICED THAT HER SLIP WAS HANGING. 400 00:20:49,100 --> 00:20:52,033 AND MY MOTHER TOLD HER TO GO BACK IN THE ROOM. 401 00:20:52,033 --> 00:20:55,467 WHAT I'D LIKE TO DO IS READ A LITTLE STATEMENT ABOUT THAT, 402 00:20:55,467 --> 00:20:57,900 BECAUSE THE WAY MY MOTHER PRESENTED THIS TO HER, 403 00:20:57,900 --> 00:20:59,934 I THINK IS SOMETHING PRETTY TYPICAL 404 00:20:59,934 --> 00:21:01,834 THAT MOTHERS WOULD SAY TO THEIR DAUGHTERS. 405 00:21:01,834 --> 00:21:04,066 MY MOTHER STATED THAT, 406 00:21:04,066 --> 00:21:07,633 "YOUNG LADY, YOUR SLIP IS HANGING BELOW YOUR DRESS. 407 00:21:07,633 --> 00:21:10,934 "YOU JUST DON'T PUT YOUR CLOTHES ON ANY WAY 408 00:21:10,934 --> 00:21:12,700 "WHEN YOU'RE GOING TO CHURCH 409 00:21:12,700 --> 00:21:15,400 "BECAUSE YOU NEVER KNOW HOW YOU'RE COMING BACK. 410 00:21:15,400 --> 00:21:18,500 "CYNTHIA HAD HURRIEDLY MADE THE NECESSARY ADJUSTMENTS, 411 00:21:18,500 --> 00:21:20,400 "THEN RAN OUT OF THE DOOR. 412 00:21:20,400 --> 00:21:23,433 MY MOTHER NEVER SAW HER AFTER THAT." 413 00:21:27,600 --> 00:21:29,600 I'M SORRY. 414 00:21:35,667 --> 00:21:37,900 "MY MOTHER SAID..." 415 00:21:41,834 --> 00:21:44,567 I DIDN'T THINK I'D DO THIS, I'M SORRY. 416 00:21:57,834 --> 00:22:00,367 IN 1961, 417 00:22:00,367 --> 00:22:03,500 THE FREEDOM RIDERS CAME TO BIRMINGHAM. 418 00:22:06,300 --> 00:22:09,500 AND ONE OF THEIR BUSES WAS BURNED IN ANNISTON, 419 00:22:09,500 --> 00:22:11,734 AND THEY HAD ONE BUS LEFT 420 00:22:11,734 --> 00:22:15,133 AND THEY ALL CAME ON THAT BUS TO BIRMINGHAM. 421 00:22:15,133 --> 00:22:18,166 AND THEY WENT TO THE TRAILWAY BUS STATION. 422 00:22:18,166 --> 00:22:20,834 NATIONAL TELEVISION WAS WAITING FOR THEM 423 00:22:20,834 --> 00:22:23,266 AT THE GREYHOUND BUS STATION. 424 00:22:23,266 --> 00:22:25,600 NOW, THEY DIDN'T JUST BEAT FREEDOM RIDERS, 425 00:22:25,600 --> 00:22:28,467 THERE WERE PEOPLE THAT JUST COME TO BEAT THE BUS. 426 00:22:28,467 --> 00:22:31,166 BUT ONE PHOTOGRAPHER WAS AT THE STATION 427 00:22:31,166 --> 00:22:33,533 AND TOOK A PICTURE OF THE BEATING. 428 00:22:33,533 --> 00:22:36,867 THEY TURNED ON HIM AND BEAT HIM, 429 00:22:36,867 --> 00:22:38,967 AND TOOK HIS CAMERA AWAY. 430 00:22:38,967 --> 00:22:41,367 AND BEING VERY SCIENTIFIC, 431 00:22:41,367 --> 00:22:46,200 THEY BROKE THE LENS AND THREW THE CAMERA IN THE TRASH CAN, 432 00:22:46,200 --> 00:22:48,767 BUT NEVER OPENED IT AND EXPOSED THE FILM. 433 00:22:48,767 --> 00:22:51,700 SO THAT PICTURE WENT OUT OF HERE 434 00:22:51,700 --> 00:22:53,934 ON THE UPI WIRE, 435 00:22:53,934 --> 00:22:56,133 AND IT WAS FRONT PAGE 436 00:22:56,133 --> 00:22:58,900 IN NEWSPAPERS ALL OVER THE WORLD. 437 00:22:58,900 --> 00:23:02,066 AND THERE WERE A GROUP OF BIRMINGHAM BUSINESSMEN IN TOKYO AT THE TIME 438 00:23:02,066 --> 00:23:04,834 AT A MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL ROTARY CLUB, 439 00:23:04,834 --> 00:23:08,166 AND WHEN THEY SAW THAT PICTURE 440 00:23:08,166 --> 00:23:10,233 ON THE FRONT PAGE 441 00:23:10,233 --> 00:23:13,633 OF A NEWSPAPER IN TOKYO, JAPAN, 442 00:23:13,633 --> 00:23:17,567 THEY SAID, "WE CAN'T TAKE MUCH MORE OF THIS." 443 00:23:17,567 --> 00:23:18,734 BIRMINGHAM... 444 00:23:20,433 --> 00:23:24,033 AT THE TIME WAS GOING THROUGH 445 00:23:24,033 --> 00:23:26,100 A MOVE WHERE... 446 00:23:27,667 --> 00:23:31,133 SOME OF THE MODERATE FORCES 447 00:23:31,133 --> 00:23:33,033 IN THE WHITE COMMUNITY 448 00:23:33,033 --> 00:23:35,834 WERE TRYING TO FINALLY ASSERT THEMSELVES. 449 00:23:35,834 --> 00:23:39,633 AND IT WAS A LONG TIME OVERDUE. 450 00:23:39,633 --> 00:23:42,133 ( reporter ) A state court is expected to rule next week 451 00:23:42,133 --> 00:23:45,000 on whether Mayor-Elect Albert Boutwell can take office immediately. 452 00:23:45,000 --> 00:23:48,066 Boutwell was asked if he's ready to meet with negro leaders. 453 00:23:48,066 --> 00:23:51,166 I'M READY AT ANY TIME... 454 00:23:51,166 --> 00:23:53,266 WHEN THE IMMEDIATE THREAT 455 00:23:53,266 --> 00:23:57,033 OF VIOLENCE HAS BEEN REMOVED, 456 00:23:57,033 --> 00:24:01,667 TO TALK TO ANY RESPONSIBLE LOCAL PEOPLE... 457 00:24:01,667 --> 00:24:05,867 REGARDLESS OF THE COLOR OF THEIR SKINS. 458 00:24:05,867 --> 00:24:08,000 BIRMINGHAM IS A SYMBOL 459 00:24:08,000 --> 00:24:11,433 OF HARD CORE RESISTANCE TO INTEGRATION. 460 00:24:11,433 --> 00:24:14,967 IT IS PROBABLY THE MOST THOROUGHLY SEGREGATED CITY 461 00:24:14,967 --> 00:24:17,467 IN THE UNITED STATES. 462 00:24:17,467 --> 00:24:21,734 SCLC HAD BEEN REALLY JUST ORGANIZED IN 1957. 463 00:24:21,734 --> 00:24:25,700 ABOUT A HUNDRED PREACHERS GOT TOGETHER IN LOUISIANA. 464 00:24:25,700 --> 00:24:29,834 AND... WE HADN'T HAD MUCH LUCK. 465 00:24:29,834 --> 00:24:31,967 WE DIDN'T HAVE MUCH STAFF. 466 00:24:31,967 --> 00:24:34,900 AND FRED SHUTTLESWORTH CAME TO SEE MARTIN LUTHER KING, 467 00:24:34,900 --> 00:24:37,500 AND SAID, "MARTIN, YOU'VE GOT TO HELP US IN BIRMINGHAM. 468 00:24:37,500 --> 00:24:40,200 WE JUST GOT TO MOVE ON BIRMINGHAM." 469 00:24:40,200 --> 00:24:42,400 THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAS DECIDED 470 00:24:42,400 --> 00:24:46,100 THAT NEGRO AS CITIZENS MUST BE PROTECTED 471 00:24:46,100 --> 00:24:48,233 FROM LAWLESSNESS AND MOBOCRACY. 472 00:24:48,233 --> 00:24:51,200 AND THAT'S WHY WE'RE HERE. 473 00:24:51,200 --> 00:24:53,700 FRED SHUTTLESWORTH HAD BEEN FIGHTING 474 00:24:53,700 --> 00:24:56,800 THE BATTLE IN BIRMINGHAM FOR TEN YEARS BY THIS TIME. 475 00:24:56,800 --> 00:24:59,266 AND REALLY THE ALABAMA ORGANIZATION 476 00:24:59,266 --> 00:25:02,467 WAS ALMOST HIS PERSONAL CREATION RIGHT THERE IN BIRMINGHAM 477 00:25:02,467 --> 00:25:04,567 IN THE SAME SENSE THAT SCLC 478 00:25:04,567 --> 00:25:06,834 WAS A PERSONAL CREATION FOR DR. KING. 479 00:25:06,834 --> 00:25:09,033 IN THE FALL OF 1962, 480 00:25:09,033 --> 00:25:11,133 ALMOST SIX MONTHS BEFORE THE BREAKTHROUGH IN MAY, 481 00:25:11,133 --> 00:25:13,300 AND ABOUT A YEAR BEFORE THE BIRMINGHAM CHURCH BOMBING, 482 00:25:13,300 --> 00:25:15,467 SHUTTLESWORTH HAD HAD AN AGREEMENT 483 00:25:15,467 --> 00:25:18,834 AFTER LOTS OF BOYCOTTS IN BIRMINGHAM WITH THE MERCHANTS 484 00:25:18,834 --> 00:25:21,367 FOR WHAT WE WOULD NOW REGARD AS 485 00:25:21,367 --> 00:25:23,700 THE MOST MINIMUM TOKEN SEGREGATION 486 00:25:23,700 --> 00:25:26,633 OF ALLOWING BLACK SHOPPERS, MOSTLY WOMEN, 487 00:25:26,633 --> 00:25:29,934 TO SHOP AND USE THE REST ROOMS AND THE CHANGING ROOMS 488 00:25:29,934 --> 00:25:31,867 IN THE DOWNTOWN STORES. 489 00:25:31,867 --> 00:25:33,800 HE HAD MADE THESE AGREEMENTS, 490 00:25:33,800 --> 00:25:36,700 AND THEN THEY RE-SEGREGATED EVERYTHING IN THE FALL OF 1962. 491 00:25:36,700 --> 00:25:38,900 AND I THINK BY THEN, AT THAT TIME, 492 00:25:38,900 --> 00:25:41,567 HIS PATIENCE RAN OUT AND HE SAID, 493 00:25:41,567 --> 00:25:44,367 "BRAVERY ALONE IS NOT ENOUGH, 494 00:25:44,367 --> 00:25:46,400 WE NEED TO BRING A LARGER SPOTLIGHT TO THIS." 495 00:25:46,400 --> 00:25:48,700 AND TO HIM, BRINGING A LARGER SPOTLIGHT 496 00:25:48,700 --> 00:25:50,500 MEANT BRINGING IN DR. KING. 497 00:25:50,500 --> 00:25:53,266 SO WE MADE A DECISION BASED ON SEVERAL THINGS. 498 00:25:53,266 --> 00:25:57,000 FRED SHUTTLESWORTH WAS FEARLESS AND COURAGEOUS 499 00:25:57,000 --> 00:26:00,133 TO THE POINT OF BEING ALMOST INSANE. 500 00:26:00,133 --> 00:26:02,767 HE MIRACULOUSLY SURVIVED A BOMBING OF HIS HOME, 501 00:26:02,767 --> 00:26:05,100 HAD TAKEN HIS WIFE AND TWO CHILDREN 502 00:26:05,100 --> 00:26:06,900 TRYING TO INTEGRATE A SCHOOL 503 00:26:06,900 --> 00:26:10,967 WITH A MOB OF 600 FOLKS WITH CHAINS AND STUFF LIKE THAT. 504 00:26:10,967 --> 00:26:13,400 JUST AN INCREDIBLE HUMAN BEING, IN MY VIEW. 505 00:26:13,400 --> 00:26:16,867 ONE DAY IN 1957, IN THE EVENING NEWSCAST, 506 00:26:16,867 --> 00:26:20,867 THERE WAS A PIECE OF FILM OF A GANG OF WHITE MEN 507 00:26:20,867 --> 00:26:24,066 BEATING FRED SHUTTLESWORTH IN THE STREET 508 00:26:24,066 --> 00:26:27,667 OUTSIDE PHILLIPS HIGH SCHOOL, WHERE HE'D TAKEN HIS CHILDREN, 509 00:26:27,667 --> 00:26:30,433 WITH CHAINS, AND THEY BEAT HIM TO THE GROUND. 510 00:26:30,433 --> 00:26:32,967 AND THE REASON IT WAS RIVETING FOR ME, 511 00:26:32,967 --> 00:26:35,367 I WAS 14 YEARS OLD, 512 00:26:35,367 --> 00:26:41,066 WAS THAT THE POLICE SAID THEY COULDN'T FIND THE MEN WHO DID IT. 513 00:26:41,066 --> 00:26:43,767 AND I RECOGNIZED ONE OF THE MEN. 514 00:26:43,767 --> 00:26:45,633 I KNEW WHO HE WAS. 515 00:26:45,633 --> 00:26:48,266 I'D SEEN HIM AT JACK CASH'S BARBECUE, 516 00:26:48,266 --> 00:26:51,767 AND I KNEW THE POLICE HUNG OUT AT JACK CASH'S BARBECUE, 517 00:26:51,767 --> 00:26:53,700 AND I KNEW THEY WERE LYING. 518 00:26:53,700 --> 00:26:56,100 IT WAS THE LAST PLACE, I THINK, 519 00:26:56,100 --> 00:27:00,333 I WANTED TO GO WITH MARTIN LUTHER KING IN 1963. 520 00:27:00,333 --> 00:27:04,233 AND YET IT WAS THE PLACE WE HAD TO GO. 521 00:27:06,200 --> 00:27:09,834 ADDIE MAE COLLINS WAS A LITTLE MORE WITHDRAWN, I THINK. 522 00:27:09,834 --> 00:27:12,800 FRIENDLY BUT NOT AS AGGRESSIVE 523 00:27:12,800 --> 00:27:16,900 AS CYNTHIA OR DENISE. 524 00:27:16,900 --> 00:27:19,633 TO KNOW ADDIE IS TO LOVE ADDIE. 525 00:27:19,633 --> 00:27:22,700 SHE WAS JUST A FUNNY GIRL, 526 00:27:22,700 --> 00:27:25,100 A SWEET PEACEFUL GIRL. 527 00:27:25,100 --> 00:27:28,533 SHE JUST LIKED TO MAKE PEACE WITH PEOPLE 528 00:27:28,533 --> 00:27:31,467 AND PEOPLE TO BE AT PEACE AROUND. 529 00:27:31,467 --> 00:27:34,834 SHE WASN'T A MEAN PERSON, SHE WAS JUST SWEET. 530 00:27:34,834 --> 00:27:37,066 REMEMBER THE TIME WITH DENISE WHEN THE BIRD DIED 531 00:27:37,066 --> 00:27:40,000 AND WE THOUGHT THAT WAS THE WEIRDEST THING. 532 00:27:40,000 --> 00:27:41,700 WE SAW A DEAD BIRD. 533 00:27:41,700 --> 00:27:44,567 I WAS LIKE, "IT'S JUST A DEAD BIRD, KICK IT OUT THE WAY." 534 00:27:44,567 --> 00:27:48,233 AND DENISE SAID, "OH NO, THE BIRD MUST HAVE A FUNERAL." 535 00:27:48,233 --> 00:27:52,000 AND WE WERE LIKE, "JUST PUT IT SOMEWHERE SO WE CAN PLAY." 536 00:27:52,000 --> 00:27:56,166 AND SHE SAID, "WE'VE GOT TO HAVE A FUNERAL FOR THE POOR BIRD." 537 00:27:56,166 --> 00:27:58,000 SHE GOT HER MOTHER-- 538 00:27:58,000 --> 00:27:59,700 AND MRS. McNAIR HAS A BEAUTIFUL VOICE, 539 00:27:59,700 --> 00:28:01,900 SHE GOT HER MOTHER, SHE GOT THE SHOE BOX, 540 00:28:01,900 --> 00:28:03,800 THE BOYS HAD TO DIG A HOLE. 541 00:28:03,800 --> 00:28:06,066 AND WE BURIED THE BIRD, 542 00:28:06,066 --> 00:28:09,567 AND MRS. McNAIR SANG "THE LORD'S PRAYER", AND IT WAS BEAUTIFUL. 543 00:28:09,567 --> 00:28:12,100 AND THEN WE ALL BOWED AND WE PRAYED, 544 00:28:12,100 --> 00:28:13,533 AND SAID SOMETHING, 545 00:28:13,533 --> 00:28:16,100 THEN JUST PLAYED BALL. 546 00:28:16,734 --> 00:28:20,033 THE FIRST SUNDAY THAT WE MARCHED, 547 00:28:20,033 --> 00:28:22,166 PALM SUNDAY I THINK IT WAS... 548 00:28:22,166 --> 00:28:24,433 NO IT WASN'T PALM SUNDAY, IT WAS A SUNDAY, 549 00:28:24,433 --> 00:28:28,867 AND THE AFTERNOON SERVICE RAN A LITTLE LATE. 550 00:28:28,867 --> 00:28:31,467 WE WERE SUPPOSED TO MARCH AT 4:00, 551 00:28:31,467 --> 00:28:33,600 IT WAS ABOUT 6:30. 552 00:28:33,600 --> 00:28:35,700 AND BY THE TIME WE GOT READY TO MARCH, 553 00:28:35,700 --> 00:28:37,834 THERE WAS ABOUT 1200 PEOPLE OUT THERE, 554 00:28:37,834 --> 00:28:39,834 MILLING AROUND INGRAM PARK 555 00:28:39,834 --> 00:28:41,667 WAITING TO SEE SOMETHING HAPPEN. 556 00:28:41,667 --> 00:28:44,533 AND BULL'S FOLKS WERE OUT THERE WITH THE DOGS. 557 00:28:44,533 --> 00:28:47,633 AND BEFORE YOU KNEW IT, SOMETHING WAS GOING ON 558 00:28:47,633 --> 00:28:49,900 BETWEEN THE POLICE WITH THE DOGS. 559 00:28:49,900 --> 00:28:52,400 AND THE NEXT DAY THE UPI SAID, 560 00:28:52,400 --> 00:28:56,834 "1100 MARCH IN BIRMINGHAM, FIFTEEN ARRESTED". 561 00:28:56,834 --> 00:28:58,967 I CALLED DR. KING, "I SAID DR. KING, I GOT IT." 562 00:28:58,967 --> 00:29:00,567 HE SAID, "WHAT IS IT ?" 563 00:29:00,567 --> 00:29:03,500 I SAID, "WE'RE JUST GONNA SLOW DOWN THE TIME OF THE MARCH 564 00:29:03,500 --> 00:29:05,700 "'TILL THE PEOPLE GET HOME FROM WORK EVERYDAY, 565 00:29:05,700 --> 00:29:07,467 AND WE'LL GET A CROWD." 566 00:29:07,467 --> 00:29:10,667 I SAID, "WE CAN COUNT ON BULL TO DO SOMETHING SILLY." 567 00:29:11,567 --> 00:29:13,633 IF THERE'S ANYBODY IN THIS NATION 568 00:29:13,633 --> 00:29:16,033 WHO UNDERSTANDS WHAT IS GOING ON HERE, IT IS ME. 569 00:29:16,033 --> 00:29:18,867 I KNOW THAT WE HAVE SUFFICIENT MANPOWER, 570 00:29:18,867 --> 00:29:21,567 ENOUGH TRAINED OFFICERS TO KEEP THE PEACE IN BIRMINGHAM, 571 00:29:21,567 --> 00:29:25,800 WITHOUT ANY OUTSIDE HELP FROM THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT... 572 00:29:25,800 --> 00:29:28,033 EUGENE "BULL" CONNOR 573 00:29:28,033 --> 00:29:30,900 WAS THE POLICE COMMISSIONER. 574 00:29:30,900 --> 00:29:34,533 COMMISSIONER OF FIRE AND SAFETY. 575 00:29:34,533 --> 00:29:38,300 IT'S IRONIC THAT SAFETY WOULD BE IN THE HANDS OF A MAN 576 00:29:38,300 --> 00:29:42,066 WHO WAS SO UNSAFE, KEPT PEOPLE SO INSECURE. 577 00:29:42,066 --> 00:29:44,967 HE WAS ABOUT AS HARD CORE AS THEY COME. 578 00:29:44,967 --> 00:29:47,467 HE WAS ONE OF THOSE PEOPLE 579 00:29:47,467 --> 00:29:50,600 THAT DREW THE LINE AND NEVER RETREATED. 580 00:29:50,600 --> 00:29:52,734 I DON'T THINK HE FELT THAT... 581 00:29:52,734 --> 00:29:54,900 BLACKS HAD ANY RIGHTS. 582 00:29:54,900 --> 00:29:57,900 I DON'T THINK HE FELT LIKE THEY SHOULD BE CITIZENS EVEN. 583 00:29:57,900 --> 00:30:00,100 I USED TO WONDER IF HE WAS A CHRISTIAN. 584 00:30:00,100 --> 00:30:02,500 HOWEVER, THEY SAY HE WAS, BUT I DON'T BELIEVE HE WAS 585 00:30:02,500 --> 00:30:05,433 BECAUSE I DON'T THINK ANYBODY COULD DO ANY RACE OF PEOPLE 586 00:30:05,433 --> 00:30:07,433 THE MANY THINGS THAT THEY DID TO BLACK PEOPLE. 587 00:30:07,433 --> 00:30:11,233 BULL CONNOR LIKED TO KEEP BLACK FOLK IN THEIR PLACE. 588 00:30:11,233 --> 00:30:12,700 ALL OF THE ARRESTS 589 00:30:12,700 --> 00:30:15,266 AND ALL OF THE DEMONSTRATIONS IN BIRMINGHAM 590 00:30:15,266 --> 00:30:20,166 OCCURRED WITHIN FOUR BLOCKS OF 16th STREET BAPTIST CHURCH. 591 00:30:20,166 --> 00:30:24,033 WE'D MEET IN THE CHURCH, WE'D MARCH A FEW BLOCKS, 592 00:30:24,033 --> 00:30:26,667 AND THEN HE'D LOCK EVERYBODY UP. 593 00:30:26,667 --> 00:30:29,800 AND WHEN THERE WERE TOO MANY PEOPLE TO LOCK UP, 594 00:30:29,800 --> 00:30:32,834 HE'D CALL ON THE DOGS AND THE FIRE HOSES 595 00:30:32,834 --> 00:30:36,467 AND TRY TO CLEAR THE STREET BY FORCE. 596 00:30:36,467 --> 00:30:39,567 WHEN HE SAW ANY STRENGTH OR SELF-RESPECT 597 00:30:39,567 --> 00:30:41,834 IN A BLACK PERSON, 598 00:30:41,834 --> 00:30:43,266 HE JUST WENT CRAZY. 599 00:30:43,266 --> 00:30:44,934 HE COULDN'T STAND IT. 600 00:30:44,934 --> 00:30:47,567 IT'S LIKE "WHEN YOU SEE ME, YOU'VE GOT TO SQUAT." 601 00:30:47,567 --> 00:30:51,567 AND IF YOU DON'T BECOME INGRATIATING, 602 00:30:51,567 --> 00:30:53,700 HE'D JUST LIKE GO CRAZY. 603 00:30:53,700 --> 00:30:56,433 ( man ) HE HAD A WHITE TANK THAT HE WOULD RIDE 604 00:30:56,433 --> 00:30:58,533 THROUGH THE BLACK NEIGHBORHOODS 605 00:30:58,533 --> 00:31:01,834 AND TERRORIZE PEOPLE IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD IN HIS WHITE TANK. 606 00:31:01,834 --> 00:31:05,000 THERE WAS ALMOST NO WAY TO TALK TO HIM OR REASON WITH HIM. 607 00:31:05,000 --> 00:31:07,133 IT WAS HIS TOWN. 608 00:31:07,133 --> 00:31:09,200 IT WAS ALMOST LIKE THE OLD WEST 609 00:31:09,200 --> 00:31:11,767 WHERE HE WAS ONE-MAN RULE. 610 00:31:11,767 --> 00:31:14,633 BULL CONNOR, INDEED DID SPIT ON ME, YES HE DID. 611 00:31:14,633 --> 00:31:16,867 WHETHER HE WAS JUST UPSET AND TALKING AND IT CAME, 612 00:31:16,867 --> 00:31:18,967 OR WHETHER HE DID IT ON PURPOSE, I DON'T KNOW. 613 00:31:18,967 --> 00:31:20,734 WHAT HAPPENED WAS, 614 00:31:20,734 --> 00:31:22,734 WE WENT THROUGH THE TRAINING SESSION, 615 00:31:22,734 --> 00:31:24,600 THEY TOOK US OVER BY 16th STREET BAPTIST CHURCH 616 00:31:24,600 --> 00:31:27,633 AND WE LEFT FROM THAT AREA AND WERE ABLE TO MARCH, 617 00:31:27,633 --> 00:31:29,533 AND WE MARCHED RIGHT UP TO CITY HALL. 618 00:31:29,533 --> 00:31:31,467 AND THERE WAS THIS WHITE MAN, 619 00:31:31,467 --> 00:31:33,567 RED-FACED MAN LOOKING MEAN. 620 00:31:33,567 --> 00:31:37,033 AND HIS NAME WAS INDEED, BULL CONNOR. 621 00:31:37,033 --> 00:31:39,233 AND HE LOOKED AT ME AND HE SAID-- 622 00:31:39,233 --> 00:31:41,400 AND WHETHER HE SAID "NIGGER" OR "NIGRA", I'M NOT EVEN SURE, 623 00:31:41,400 --> 00:31:43,533 BUT HE LOOKED DOWN AT ME AND HE SAID, 624 00:31:43,533 --> 00:31:45,633 "WHAT DO YOU WANT, LITTLE NIGGER ?" 625 00:31:45,633 --> 00:31:47,834 AND I SAID, "WE WANT OUR FREEDOM, WE WANT TO PRAY." 626 00:31:47,834 --> 00:31:49,900 AS SOON AS I SAID THAT, WHETHER HE MEANT TO OR NOT, 627 00:31:49,900 --> 00:31:51,633 HE SPAT ON ME. 628 00:31:51,633 --> 00:31:53,600 BULL WAS THE MANIFESTATION 629 00:31:53,600 --> 00:31:56,734 OF THE PERVERSITY... 630 00:31:57,734 --> 00:32:00,633 UPON WHICH SEGREGATION DEPENDED FOR ITS LIFE. 631 00:32:00,633 --> 00:32:04,133 HE WAS... 632 00:32:05,233 --> 00:32:08,433 BULL WAS LIKE THE WALKING ID OF BIRMINGHAM, 633 00:32:08,433 --> 00:32:11,133 THE DARK SPIRIT OF BIRMINGHAM. 634 00:32:11,133 --> 00:32:13,767 THE HELLISH SIDE OF BIRMINGHAM EMBODIED. 635 00:32:13,767 --> 00:32:16,934 IT SOUNDS DRAMATIC, BUT IT WAS A DRAMATIC TIME. 636 00:32:16,934 --> 00:32:18,900 HE DIDN'T HAVE BUT ONE EYE. 637 00:32:18,900 --> 00:32:20,867 HE WAS A SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHER. 638 00:32:20,867 --> 00:32:24,467 HE HAD KIND OF A WIRY, RASPY VOICE 639 00:32:24,467 --> 00:32:27,100 WHICH WAS KIND OF COARSE. 640 00:32:27,100 --> 00:32:31,266 AND HE WAS NOT A LARGE MAN BUT HE HAD A LOT OF POWER, 641 00:32:31,266 --> 00:32:34,367 AND MOST OF THE WHITE PEOPLE WERE AFRAID OF HIM, 642 00:32:34,367 --> 00:32:36,600 AND MOST ALL NEGROES I GUESS. 643 00:32:36,600 --> 00:32:38,300 I DIDN'T HAVE SENSE ENOUGH TO BE AFRAID. 644 00:32:38,300 --> 00:32:41,066 I USED TO BE AFRAID OF BULL 645 00:32:41,066 --> 00:32:42,734 'TILL I DISCOVERED HE WAS CRAZY. 646 00:32:42,734 --> 00:32:44,533 WHEN I DISCOVERED HE WAS CRAZY 647 00:32:44,533 --> 00:32:46,633 MY WHOLE ATTITUDE CHANGED. 648 00:32:46,633 --> 00:32:49,533 AL HIBLER WAS ON A TRAILWAY BUS, HE WAS ON THE CORNER. 649 00:32:49,533 --> 00:32:53,367 ALL OF THEM PUT US IN JAIL AND PUT US IN THE PADDY WAGON. 650 00:32:53,367 --> 00:32:56,166 SO AL HIBLER WAS STANDING UP BESIDE THE BUILDING LIKE THAT, 651 00:32:56,166 --> 00:32:58,600 AND BULL LOOKED OVER AND SAID, "HEY ! 652 00:32:58,600 --> 00:33:01,333 GO GET THAT BLIND NIGGER AND BRING HIM OVER HERE !" 653 00:33:01,333 --> 00:33:05,367 SEE HOW FUNNY THIS INSANE MAN WAS ? 654 00:33:05,367 --> 00:33:07,867 HE'S HOLLERING ACROSS THE STREET, 655 00:33:07,867 --> 00:33:09,834 "BRING THAT BLIND NIGGER OVER HERE !" 656 00:33:09,834 --> 00:33:12,233 NOW HERE'S A BLIND MAN... 657 00:33:12,233 --> 00:33:14,433 HE DOESN'T UNDERSTAND HUMAN NATURE ENOUGH 658 00:33:14,433 --> 00:33:17,467 TO RELATE EVEN TO A BLIND MAN. 659 00:33:17,467 --> 00:33:20,400 YOU WONDER WHAT MAKES PEOPLE LIKE THAT TICK. 660 00:33:21,567 --> 00:33:25,900 WHAT'S GOING ON INSIDE THE MIND, THE BRAIN, THE HEAD-- 661 00:33:25,900 --> 00:33:28,100 IF THEY HAVE A BRAIN-- 662 00:33:28,100 --> 00:33:31,433 THAT MAKES THEM HATE FOLK, 663 00:33:31,433 --> 00:33:36,367 WANT TO DO EVIL THE WAY THAT THEY DID. 664 00:33:36,367 --> 00:33:38,900 YOU JUST WONDER WHAT ARE THEY THINKING ABOUT ? 665 00:33:38,900 --> 00:33:42,166 YOU MUST UNDERSTAND THAT A BULL CONNOR 666 00:33:42,166 --> 00:33:45,133 COULDN'T EXIST WITHOUT THE NODS 667 00:33:45,133 --> 00:33:47,767 FROM THE STATUS QUO PEOPLE, 668 00:33:47,767 --> 00:33:49,934 YOU KNOW, THE BIG BOYS IN ANY TOWN, 669 00:33:49,934 --> 00:33:52,500 NO BULL CONNOR CAN EXIST WITHOUT THEM. 670 00:33:52,500 --> 00:33:56,000 HE MAY BE THE PERSON WHO ACTUALLY DOES THE TALKING, 671 00:33:56,000 --> 00:33:57,734 BUT, BELIEVE ME, 672 00:33:57,734 --> 00:34:01,066 THE BULL CONNORS HAVE THE BLESSING OF SOMEBODY ELSE. 673 00:34:01,066 --> 00:34:02,934 IN THE NAME OF THE GREATEST PEOPLE 674 00:34:02,934 --> 00:34:05,500 THAT HAVE EVER TROD THIS EARTH, 675 00:34:05,500 --> 00:34:08,000 I DRAW THE LINE IN THE DUST 676 00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:11,367 AND TOSS THE GAUNTLET BEFORE THE FEET OF TYRANNY, 677 00:34:11,367 --> 00:34:14,033 AND I SAY SEGREGATION NOW, 678 00:34:14,033 --> 00:34:16,266 SEGREGATION TOMORROW, 679 00:34:16,266 --> 00:34:18,734 AND SEGREGATION FOREVER ! 680 00:34:20,233 --> 00:34:25,033 I THINK GEORGE WALLACE WAS THE CAUSE OF MANY PEOPLE'S DEATH, 681 00:34:25,033 --> 00:34:26,900 CERTAINLY MUCH SUFFERING. 682 00:34:26,900 --> 00:34:28,467 THE WHITE PEOPLE OF BIRMINGHAM 683 00:34:28,467 --> 00:34:30,467 SHOULD'VE BEEN COMMENDED BY THE PRESIDENT 684 00:34:30,467 --> 00:34:32,567 FOR THEIR RESTRAINT DURING THE DEMONSTRATIONS. 685 00:34:32,567 --> 00:34:35,600 WHITE PEOPLE HAVE NOT BEEN INVOLVED, ONLY LAWLESS NEGROES. 686 00:34:35,600 --> 00:34:38,800 GEORGE WALLACE WAS A DYNAMIC EXPRESSION 687 00:34:38,800 --> 00:34:41,467 OF THE MENTALLY DERANGED WHITE PEOPLE. 688 00:34:42,934 --> 00:34:46,567 PEOPLE WHO ARE AFRAID OF CHANGE AND FRUSTRATION. 689 00:34:46,567 --> 00:34:49,800 GEORGE WALLACE EXPRESSED THAT MENTAL ILLNESS. 690 00:34:49,800 --> 00:34:52,133 HE'S DYNAMIC, THE BEST IN THE BUSINESS AT IT. 691 00:34:52,133 --> 00:34:54,133 NOW THEREFORE, I, GEORGE C. WALLACE, 692 00:34:54,133 --> 00:34:56,667 AS GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF ALABAMA, 693 00:34:56,667 --> 00:34:59,367 HAVE BY MY ACTION RAISED ISSUES 694 00:34:59,367 --> 00:35:01,734 BETWEEN THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT 695 00:35:01,734 --> 00:35:03,767 AND THE SOVEREIGN STATE OF ALABAMA, 696 00:35:03,767 --> 00:35:06,867 WHICH SAID ISSUES SHOULD BE ADJUDICATED IN THE MANNER 697 00:35:06,867 --> 00:35:09,533 PRESCRIBED BY THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES, 698 00:35:09,533 --> 00:35:12,533 AND NOW BEING MINDFUL OF MY DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 699 00:35:12,533 --> 00:35:14,834 UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES, 700 00:35:14,834 --> 00:35:17,000 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF ALABAMA, 701 00:35:17,000 --> 00:35:19,000 AND SEEKING TO PRESERVE AND MAINTAIN 702 00:35:19,000 --> 00:35:21,633 THE PEACE AND DIGNITY OF THIS STATE 703 00:35:21,633 --> 00:35:24,100 AND THE INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS OF THE CITIZENS THEREOF, 704 00:35:24,100 --> 00:35:27,600 DO HEREBY DENOUNCE AND FORBID THIS... 705 00:35:51,667 --> 00:35:55,033 ( reporter ) GOVERNOR WALLACE, I TAKE IT FROM THAT STATEMENT 706 00:35:55,033 --> 00:35:58,133 THAT YOU ARE GOING TO STAND IN THAT DOOR 707 00:35:58,133 --> 00:36:00,500 AND THAT YOU ARE NOT GOING TO 708 00:36:00,500 --> 00:36:02,633 CARRY OUT THE ORDERS OF THIS COURT, 709 00:36:02,633 --> 00:36:05,300 AND THAT YOU ARE GOING TO RESIST US FROM DOING SO. 710 00:36:05,300 --> 00:36:07,300 I STAND UPON THAT STATEMENT. 711 00:36:07,300 --> 00:36:09,300 YOU STAND UPON THAT STATEMENT. 712 00:36:09,300 --> 00:36:13,400 THE DAY IN WHICH GOV. WALLACE STOOD IN THE DOOR 713 00:36:13,400 --> 00:36:16,834 WAS A REALLY HOT ALABAMA SUMMER DAY. 714 00:36:17,767 --> 00:36:21,867 AND I HAD, GOING DOWN BEFORE WE GOT THERE, 715 00:36:21,867 --> 00:36:24,834 I HAD BEEN INTERRUPTED AND HAD A CALL FROM BOBBY 716 00:36:24,834 --> 00:36:26,700 WHO SAID, 717 00:36:26,700 --> 00:36:29,333 "THE PRESIDENT WANTS YOU TO MAKE HIM LOOK SILLY." 718 00:36:29,333 --> 00:36:31,400 I SAID, "HOW DO YOU DO THAT ?" 719 00:36:31,400 --> 00:36:34,300 AND HE SAID, "I DON'T KNOW, BUT YOU FIGURE IT OUT." 720 00:36:34,300 --> 00:36:36,667 SO I WAS NERVOUS ABOUT THAT, 721 00:36:36,667 --> 00:36:38,166 AND I WAS HOT 722 00:36:38,166 --> 00:36:40,066 AND I WAS IRRITATED AT THE WHOLE SHOW, 723 00:36:40,066 --> 00:36:42,200 AT THE HUNDREDS OF NEWSMEN AND CAMERAS, 724 00:36:42,200 --> 00:36:44,100 ALL OF THIS FOR SOMETHING 725 00:36:44,100 --> 00:36:47,767 THAT I THOUGHT WAS JUST PLAIN WRONG AND SILLY, 726 00:36:47,767 --> 00:36:50,867 AND A SILLY POINT THAT HE WAS TRYING TO MAKE. 727 00:37:11,400 --> 00:37:14,400 GEORGE WALLACE WAS GEORGE WALLACE. 728 00:37:14,400 --> 00:37:17,467 HE'S SEEKING REDEMPTION NOW, I UNDERSTAND. 729 00:37:17,467 --> 00:37:20,567 YOU KNOW SOMETIMES I WONDER IF HE BELIEVED 730 00:37:20,567 --> 00:37:23,734 IN ALL OF THOSE THINGS HE DID HIMSELF, 731 00:37:23,734 --> 00:37:25,934 OR, IF HE WAS DOING IT BECAUSE 732 00:37:25,934 --> 00:37:29,633 IT WAS EXPEDIENT TO DO AS A POLITICIAN. 733 00:37:54,667 --> 00:37:57,800 GEORGE WALLACE, WHEN HE WAS AN ELECTED PERSON IN OFFICE 734 00:37:57,800 --> 00:38:00,200 WAS VERY MUCH LIKE 735 00:38:00,200 --> 00:38:03,600 A SITUATION IN A STORY I HAD IN "THE READER". 736 00:38:03,600 --> 00:38:05,600 AND IN "THE READER" 737 00:38:05,600 --> 00:38:09,233 THE HORSE USED TO BE A FIRE HORSE 738 00:38:09,233 --> 00:38:12,600 AND HE WAS SOLD TO A MILK COMPANY... 739 00:38:12,600 --> 00:38:15,433 AND SO WHEN HE WAS SOLD TO THE MILK COMPANY, 740 00:38:15,433 --> 00:38:18,367 ONE DAY THE MILKMAN HAD STOPPED AT THE HOUSE 741 00:38:18,367 --> 00:38:20,900 AND WAS GOING UP TO SET A BOTTLE OF MILK DOWN 742 00:38:20,900 --> 00:38:24,233 AND THE FIRE WHISTLE BLEW, AND WHEN THE FIRE WHISTLE BLEW 743 00:38:24,233 --> 00:38:26,600 THE HORSE TOOK OFF WITH THE WAGON 744 00:38:26,600 --> 00:38:28,500 AND BROKE ALL THE MILK. 745 00:38:28,500 --> 00:38:30,667 GEORGE WALLACE WAS THAT TYPE OF PERSON. 746 00:38:30,667 --> 00:38:32,667 AS LONG AS GEORGE WALLACE WAS SITTING DOWN 747 00:38:32,667 --> 00:38:34,667 TALKING TO YOU ONE-ON-ONE, 748 00:38:34,667 --> 00:38:36,867 THE NICEST GUY YOU EVER WANT TO SIT DOWN WITH, 749 00:38:36,867 --> 00:38:39,000 BUT WHEN THE CAMERAS CAME AND GOT ON HIM, 750 00:38:39,000 --> 00:38:41,066 HE TURNED INTO THAT FIRE HORSE 751 00:38:41,066 --> 00:38:43,667 AND HE WOULD BREAK EVERY BOTTLE OF MILK ON THE TRUCK. 752 00:39:11,967 --> 00:39:15,000 ( minister ) WOULD YOU STAND FOR OUR OPENING HYMN, HYMN 753 00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:17,400 "THE CHURCH IS ONE FOUNDATION". 754 00:39:17,400 --> 00:39:19,266 ( organ music ) 755 00:39:54,600 --> 00:39:56,166 ( singing ) 756 00:40:12,934 --> 00:40:15,900 ONE OF THE THINGS YOU HAVE TO HAVE IN A MOVEMENT 757 00:40:15,900 --> 00:40:17,800 IS A MEETING PLACE, 758 00:40:17,800 --> 00:40:20,266 AND REV. JOHN CROSS 759 00:40:20,266 --> 00:40:22,867 AND THE PEOPLE OF 16th STREET BAPTIST CHURCH 760 00:40:22,867 --> 00:40:25,700 LITERALLY MADE THAT CHURCH THE HEADQUARTERS. 761 00:40:25,700 --> 00:40:28,133 IT WAS A MOVEMENT CHURCH BY LOGISTICS 762 00:40:28,133 --> 00:40:30,867 BECAUSE IT WAS RIGHT ACROSS THE STREET FROM KELLY INGRAM PARK, 763 00:40:30,867 --> 00:40:33,333 WHICH WAS KIND OF THE GATHERING GROUND, 764 00:40:33,333 --> 00:40:37,800 AND ALMOST CATTY-CORNER FROM THE GAS and MOTEL, 765 00:40:37,800 --> 00:40:39,934 WHERE THE MOVEMENT PEOPLE HEADQUARTERED. 766 00:40:39,934 --> 00:40:42,233 AND IT WAS VERY CONVENIENT, CLOSE TO DOWNTOWN, 767 00:40:42,233 --> 00:40:44,633 AND SO YOU COULD GATHER IN THE 16th STREET CHURCH 768 00:40:44,633 --> 00:40:47,066 AND THEN MARCH DOWNTOWN FROM THERE. 769 00:40:47,066 --> 00:40:49,166 I WAS TWELVE YEARS OLD 770 00:40:49,166 --> 00:40:52,667 WHEN THE MARCHING BEGAN, 771 00:40:52,667 --> 00:40:56,367 WHEN DR. KING WAS THERE AND REV. YOUNG 772 00:40:56,367 --> 00:41:00,100 AND REV. BEVEL AND REV. ABERNATHY. 773 00:41:00,100 --> 00:41:02,967 AND FIRST OF ALL, I WAS VERY IMPRESSED BY 774 00:41:02,967 --> 00:41:05,667 HOW ARTICULATE THEY WERE. 775 00:41:05,667 --> 00:41:08,166 THEY WOULD WALK OUT INTO THE AUDIENCE AND TELL US, 776 00:41:08,166 --> 00:41:10,166 "IF YOU'VE GOT ANYTHING IN YOUR POCKET, 777 00:41:10,166 --> 00:41:12,066 "EVEN A NAIL FILE OR ANYTHING, LET'S HAVE IT. 778 00:41:12,066 --> 00:41:13,633 "WE DON'T WANT ANYBODY TO GET THE IMPRESSION 779 00:41:13,633 --> 00:41:16,066 "OR TO BE ABLE TO SAY THAT WE WERE HERE FOR ANY PURPOSE 780 00:41:16,066 --> 00:41:18,033 "OTHER THAN WHAT WE'RE HERE FOR, 781 00:41:18,033 --> 00:41:20,834 WHICH IS A SERIOUS MARCH TO TRY TO REGAIN OUR RIGHTS." 782 00:41:20,834 --> 00:41:23,600 YOU CAN'T IMAGINE HOW IT REALLY WAS. 783 00:41:23,600 --> 00:41:27,233 ( woman ) THERE WERE SOME GOOD DAYS AND THERE WERE SOME BAD DAYS. 784 00:41:27,233 --> 00:41:29,567 WE HAVE COME A LONG WAY, 785 00:41:29,567 --> 00:41:31,467 I REMEMBER THE GOOD DAYS 786 00:41:31,467 --> 00:41:33,433 BECAUSE I USED TO LOVE THE FREEDOM SONGS. 787 00:41:33,433 --> 00:41:37,367 AND MY FAVORITE WAS, ♪ ... DOWN IN JAIL ♪ 788 00:41:37,367 --> 00:41:41,900 ♪ HAD NOBODY TO GO THEIR BAIL ♪ 789 00:41:41,900 --> 00:41:45,633 ♪ KEEP YOUR EYES ON THE PRIZE ♪ 790 00:41:45,633 --> 00:41:49,934 ♪ HOLD ON, MY LORD, HOLD ON ♪ 791 00:41:49,934 --> 00:41:53,500 ♪ THE ONLY THING THAT WE DID WRONG ♪ 792 00:41:53,500 --> 00:41:57,433 ♪ WE STAYED IN THE WILDERNESS A DAY TOO LONG ♪ 793 00:41:57,433 --> 00:42:01,633 ♪ KEEP YOUR EYES ON THE PRIZE ♪ 794 00:42:01,633 --> 00:42:05,433 ♪ HOLD ON, MY LORDY, HOLD ON ♪ 795 00:42:05,433 --> 00:42:08,867 ♪ HOLD ON ♪ 796 00:42:08,867 --> 00:42:13,233 ♪ HOLD ON ♪ 797 00:42:13,233 --> 00:42:17,166 ♪ KEEP YOUR EYES ON THE PRIZE ♪ 798 00:42:17,166 --> 00:42:21,200 ♪ HOLD ON, MY LORDY, HOLD ON ♪ 799 00:42:21,200 --> 00:42:23,734 IF NEGOTIATIONS ARE UNPRODUCTIVE, 800 00:42:23,734 --> 00:42:28,100 WE HAVE NO ALTERNATIVE BUT TO DEMONSTRATE. 801 00:42:28,100 --> 00:42:32,133 IN A MEETING TODAY WE DISCUSSED ALL OF THESE ISSUES, 802 00:42:32,133 --> 00:42:36,967 AND WE ALL AGREE THAT IF THE PRESENT NEGOTIATIONS 803 00:42:36,967 --> 00:42:41,166 THAT ARE TAKING PLACE ARE NOT PRODUCTIVE, 804 00:42:41,166 --> 00:42:43,734 WE WOULD HAVE NO ALTERNATIVE 805 00:42:43,734 --> 00:42:47,133 BUT TO CALL FOR RENEWED DEMONSTRATIONS 806 00:42:47,133 --> 00:42:49,033 HERE IN BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA... 807 00:42:49,033 --> 00:42:50,734 THE MOVEMENT WAS FAILING. 808 00:42:50,734 --> 00:42:53,400 NOBODY WAS EVEN ASKING QUESTIONS 809 00:42:53,400 --> 00:42:55,500 AT PRESS CONFERENCES IN WASHINGTON 810 00:42:55,500 --> 00:42:57,367 ABOUT WHAT WAS GOING ON IN BIRMINGHAM 811 00:42:57,367 --> 00:43:00,967 AFTER TWO MONTHS OF ACTIVE DEMONSTRATIONS. 812 00:43:00,967 --> 00:43:02,967 THE FIRST DEMONSTRATIONS WE HAD 813 00:43:02,967 --> 00:43:04,667 WERE JUST A HANDFUL OF PEOPLE. 814 00:43:04,667 --> 00:43:06,934 IN FACT, WHEN DR. KING HIMSELF WENT TO JAIL, 815 00:43:06,934 --> 00:43:09,333 ONLY 55 PEOPLE WOULD GO WITH HIM. 816 00:43:09,333 --> 00:43:12,066 SO WHEN YOUNG PEOPLE TODAY ASK ME 817 00:43:12,066 --> 00:43:14,300 "WHEN ARE WE GONNA BE ABLE TO GET TOGETHER 818 00:43:14,300 --> 00:43:16,533 LIKE YOU ALL WERE IN THE '60's ?" 819 00:43:16,533 --> 00:43:18,667 NOBODY WAS TOGETHER IN THE '60's. 820 00:43:18,667 --> 00:43:21,033 IT WAS A SMALL GROUP OF DEDICATED PEOPLE 821 00:43:21,033 --> 00:43:23,133 WHO GOT IT STARTED. 822 00:43:23,133 --> 00:43:24,934 AND THEN THE KIDS TOOK IT OVER. 823 00:43:24,934 --> 00:43:26,700 IN 1963 824 00:43:26,700 --> 00:43:31,500 I WAS DIRECTING THE MOVEMENT IN MISSISSIPPI, 825 00:43:31,500 --> 00:43:35,700 FOR THE SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE IN GREENWOOD. 826 00:43:35,700 --> 00:43:38,800 DR. KING AND RALPH ABERNATHY AND SHUTTLESWORTH 827 00:43:38,800 --> 00:43:41,300 WERE TRYING TO GET ADULTS 828 00:43:41,300 --> 00:43:43,767 AND, THEY'D GOTTEN ABOUT AS MANY ADULTS, 829 00:43:43,767 --> 00:43:45,934 SO HE CALLED ME ON THE PHONE AND ASKED ME 830 00:43:45,934 --> 00:43:47,700 WOULD I COME TO BIRMINGHAM 831 00:43:47,700 --> 00:43:50,200 AND HELP TO ORGANIZE THE PEOPLE, THE YOUNG PEOPLE. 832 00:43:50,200 --> 00:43:52,967 AND SO I WENT TO BIRMINGHAM 833 00:43:52,967 --> 00:43:55,533 TO HELP ORGANIZE THE PEOPLE, 834 00:43:55,533 --> 00:43:58,433 AND THE YOUNG PEOPLE TO BECOME INVOLVED IN THE MOVEMENT. 835 00:43:58,433 --> 00:44:02,066 JAMES BEVEL, PRINCIPALLY, 836 00:44:02,066 --> 00:44:04,934 AND ANDY YOUNG AND DOROTHY COTTEN 837 00:44:04,934 --> 00:44:07,200 WERE GIVEN THE TASK 838 00:44:07,200 --> 00:44:09,734 TO GET THE COLLEGE STUDENTS FROM MILES, 839 00:44:09,734 --> 00:44:11,934 AND THERE WAS ANOTHER LITTLE JUNIOR COLLEGE THERE. 840 00:44:11,934 --> 00:44:14,133 BEVEL, SORT OF ON HIS OWN, 841 00:44:14,133 --> 00:44:16,000 WENT DOWN TO PARKER HIGH-SCHOOL. 842 00:44:16,000 --> 00:44:17,967 AND THE TEACHERS TOLD US 843 00:44:17,967 --> 00:44:20,166 THAT THEY COULDN'T GET IN THE MOVEMENT. 844 00:44:20,166 --> 00:44:22,033 AND THEY LOCKED THE GATES. 845 00:44:22,033 --> 00:44:23,834 THAT WAS IT. 846 00:44:23,834 --> 00:44:26,533 THE FACT THAT THE TEACHERS LOCKED THE GATES, 847 00:44:26,533 --> 00:44:29,133 THE KIDS CLIMBED THE GATES AND GOT IN THE MOVEMENT. 848 00:44:29,133 --> 00:44:31,033 AND WHEN THE HIGH-SCHOOL KIDS GOT IN, 849 00:44:31,033 --> 00:44:32,834 THE JUNIOR HIGH-SCHOOL KIDS-- 850 00:44:32,834 --> 00:44:35,333 AND THEN THE LITTLE KIDS WANTED TO COME. 851 00:44:35,333 --> 00:44:38,734 AND WE GOT WORD THAT THE CHILDREN WANTED TO MARCH. 852 00:44:38,734 --> 00:44:41,133 ( Bevel ) MY THING WAS, LOOK, WE HAVE TWO COLLEGES HERE. 853 00:44:41,133 --> 00:44:43,500 WE HAVE PAYNE, WE HAVE MILES COLLEGE, 854 00:44:43,500 --> 00:44:45,667 AND YOU'VE GOT ALL THESE TWELVE HIGH-SCHOOLS. 855 00:44:45,667 --> 00:44:48,300 AND ALL THESE YOUNG PEOPLE ARE AS BIG AS THEIR MOMS AND DADS, 856 00:44:48,300 --> 00:44:51,066 AND THEY DON'T HAVE TO PAY RENT, 857 00:44:51,066 --> 00:44:52,900 HOUSE NOTES, CAR NOTES. 858 00:44:52,900 --> 00:44:56,433 AND SO IF THEY WERE INVOLVED BY THE THOUSANDS, 859 00:44:56,433 --> 00:44:59,734 THEN YOU WOULD HAVE THE WHOLE 860 00:44:59,734 --> 00:45:02,066 AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY INVOLVED. 861 00:45:02,066 --> 00:45:05,266 ( Branch ) I DON'T KNOW OF ANY PRECEDENT IN HISTORY 862 00:45:05,266 --> 00:45:08,200 FOR USING CHILDREN THAT YOUNG 863 00:45:08,200 --> 00:45:10,300 IN A POLITICAL CAMPAIGN LIKE THIS. 864 00:45:10,300 --> 00:45:13,100 AND THERE WAS TREMENDOUS, FEROCIOUS OPPOSITION 865 00:45:13,100 --> 00:45:15,967 TO WHAT THEY DECIDED TO DO. 866 00:45:15,967 --> 00:45:19,033 AS ONE TEACHER SAID, I MEAN SHE TURNED HER BACK 867 00:45:19,033 --> 00:45:21,233 AND WRITE ON THE BOARD AND SAID, 868 00:45:21,233 --> 00:45:25,133 "I HOPE WHEN I TURN AROUND THAT EVERYONE ISN'T GONE." 869 00:45:25,133 --> 00:45:28,400 AND SHE TURNED AROUND AND THEY ALL WERE GONE. 870 00:45:28,400 --> 00:45:31,100 FIRST DAY, I'LL NEVER FORGET AT HOME, 871 00:45:31,100 --> 00:45:33,166 TURNING ON THE TV AND THE NEWS 872 00:45:33,166 --> 00:45:36,533 AND THERE WERE CHILDREN, HIGH-SCHOOL KIDS, 873 00:45:36,533 --> 00:45:39,066 MARCHING IN LINE IN TWO'S. 874 00:45:39,066 --> 00:45:41,333 AND IT JUST HIT ME. 875 00:45:41,333 --> 00:45:44,667 GOD, I SAID, I GOT TO GO, I GOT TO GO, MAMA ! 876 00:45:44,667 --> 00:45:46,433 I COULD'VE BEEN FIRED 877 00:45:46,433 --> 00:45:49,500 IF I HAD JOINED UP WITH THE SCLC GROUP, 878 00:45:49,500 --> 00:45:51,800 OR THE CIVIL RIGHTS GROUP. 879 00:45:51,800 --> 00:45:55,867 BUT THEY COULDN'T FIRE ME BECAUSE THEY DIDN'T KNOW 880 00:45:55,867 --> 00:45:58,266 THAT I WOULD ALLOW MY CHILDREN TO GO OUT. 881 00:45:58,266 --> 00:45:59,700 I HAD EIGHTH GRADE, 882 00:45:59,700 --> 00:46:01,900 AND I HAD ABOUT FIVE OR SIX YOUNG BOYS 883 00:46:01,900 --> 00:46:04,333 WHO EVERY TIME THEY WOULD HAVE A MARCH, 884 00:46:04,333 --> 00:46:07,367 THEY WOULD GO, AND I LET THEM GO. 885 00:46:07,367 --> 00:46:10,100 EVEN LITTLE ONES, YOU SAY, "WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN ?" 886 00:46:10,100 --> 00:46:12,000 THEY'D SAY, "I'VE BEEN TO JAIL." 887 00:46:12,000 --> 00:46:14,200 I'D SAY, "WHAT DID YOU GO TO JAIL FOR ?" 888 00:46:14,200 --> 00:46:16,533 "I'VE BEEN GOING TO JAIL FOR FREEDOM." 889 00:46:16,533 --> 00:46:19,734 IT WAS ONE OF THE MOST 890 00:46:19,734 --> 00:46:22,500 FRIGHTENING EXPERIENCES OF MY LIFE. 891 00:46:22,500 --> 00:46:25,000 AND IT WAS SCARY, IT WAS VERY SCARY, 892 00:46:25,000 --> 00:46:26,600 AND THEY PUT US IN THIS PLACE, 893 00:46:26,600 --> 00:46:28,600 AND THE PLACE WAS ALREADY-- 894 00:46:28,600 --> 00:46:31,567 THE INSIDE BEDROOMS WERE ALREADY TAKEN, 895 00:46:31,567 --> 00:46:33,867 SO WE WERE ON THE FLOOR FOR FIVE DAYS. 896 00:46:33,867 --> 00:46:35,834 RIGHT THERE ON THE FLOOR, RIGHT IN THE HALL. 897 00:46:35,834 --> 00:46:38,834 AND THEY PURPOSELY PUT US IN WITH KIDS 898 00:46:38,834 --> 00:46:41,533 WHO WERE CRIMINALS, 899 00:46:41,533 --> 00:46:44,734 LITTLE BOYS WHO WERE REAL HARD, REAL HARD. 900 00:46:44,734 --> 00:46:46,800 I WAS NOT REAL HARD, NO. 901 00:46:46,800 --> 00:46:48,900 I WAS SCARED, I WAS DEFINITELY SCARED. 902 00:46:48,900 --> 00:46:50,633 I WANT EQUAL RIGHTS. 903 00:46:50,633 --> 00:46:52,800 I WANT EQUAL RIGHTS. 904 00:46:54,667 --> 00:46:57,600 JUST LIKE EVERYBODY ELSE. 905 00:46:57,600 --> 00:47:00,233 I WANT MY FREEDOM JUST LIKE EVERYBODY ELSE. 906 00:47:00,233 --> 00:47:02,166 I WANT TO BE TREATED 907 00:47:02,166 --> 00:47:04,600 JUST LIKE EVERYBODY ELSE IS TREATED. 908 00:47:04,600 --> 00:47:07,700 WHEN WE GOT OUT AND I SAW MY PARENTS, 909 00:47:07,700 --> 00:47:10,500 ALL I WANTED TO DO WAS JUST HUG THEM. 910 00:47:10,500 --> 00:47:13,100 AND I'LL NEVER FORGET, THEY WERE BOTH CRYING, 911 00:47:13,100 --> 00:47:15,500 AND I'M TRYING TO BE LIKE THE MAN, RIGHT ? 912 00:47:15,500 --> 00:47:17,633 I'VE BEEN IN JAIL NOW FOR FIVE DAYS. 913 00:47:17,633 --> 00:47:20,100 I'M WANTING TO CRY BUT I'M TRYING TO BE REAL HARD, RIGHT ? 914 00:47:20,100 --> 00:47:21,700 I'VE BEEN THERE. 915 00:47:21,700 --> 00:47:24,467 BUT IT WAS A BADGE OF COURAGE, IT WAS INCREDIBLE. 916 00:47:24,467 --> 00:47:27,300 IT WAS INCREDIBLE, AND THEY WERE SO PROUD OF ME. 917 00:47:27,300 --> 00:47:30,433 DENISE CAME IN ONE DAY AND SHE WAS SAYING 918 00:47:30,433 --> 00:47:33,734 TO MY COUSIN HELEN AND TO ME, 919 00:47:33,734 --> 00:47:36,000 IF SHE COULD GO MARCH. 920 00:47:36,000 --> 00:47:38,066 AND WE SAID, "NO, YOU'RE TOO LITTLE." 921 00:47:38,066 --> 00:47:40,166 SHE SAID, "WELL, YOU'RE NOT TOO LITTLE." 922 00:47:40,166 --> 00:47:42,900 SO I DON'T KNOW HOW WE CONVENIENTLY GOT OUT OF THAT 923 00:47:42,900 --> 00:47:46,066 AND DIDN'T MAKE OURSELVES LOOK BAD, 924 00:47:46,066 --> 00:47:48,633 WHICH IS WHAT WE FELT INTERNALLY. 925 00:47:48,633 --> 00:47:51,200 HERE'S AN INFANT SAYING 926 00:47:51,200 --> 00:47:52,967 "YOU CAN DO SOMETHING ABOUT A SITUATION 927 00:47:52,967 --> 00:47:54,266 AND YOU REFUSE." 928 00:47:54,266 --> 00:47:55,467 ( drums ) 929 00:48:05,400 --> 00:48:08,667 KELLY INGRAM PARK ON MAY 3rd WAS THE TURNING POINT 930 00:48:08,667 --> 00:48:10,834 IN THE BIRMINGHAM MOVEMENT. 931 00:48:10,834 --> 00:48:13,333 AND IT WAS A HOT DAY. 932 00:48:13,333 --> 00:48:17,567 IT WAS NINETY PLUS AND HUMID IN BIRMINGHAM. 933 00:48:17,567 --> 00:48:20,467 THESE FIREMEN HAD BEEN OUT THERE FOR FOUR HOURS 934 00:48:20,467 --> 00:48:22,734 WAITING FOR SOMETHING TO HAPPEN 935 00:48:22,734 --> 00:48:25,266 THAT WASN'T APPARENTLY GOING TO HAPPEN. 936 00:48:25,266 --> 00:48:28,066 AND THE CROWD AGAIN HAD GATHERED, 937 00:48:28,066 --> 00:48:30,533 AND SOMEBODY THREW A BRICK. 938 00:48:32,300 --> 00:48:35,800 AND THE FIREMEN, IN THEIR FRUSTRATION, 939 00:48:35,800 --> 00:48:39,166 THEY TURNED THAT WATER CANNON ON. 940 00:48:39,166 --> 00:48:41,834 AND IT WAS ABSOLUTE HELTER-SKELTER. 941 00:48:41,834 --> 00:48:44,700 YOU KNOW HOW YOU TAKE BLOWERS AND BLOW LEAVES ? 942 00:48:44,700 --> 00:48:47,333 WELL THIS IS HOW FOLKS WAS. 943 00:48:47,333 --> 00:48:50,800 WE WERE ROLLING, ACROSS THE GROUND. 944 00:48:50,800 --> 00:48:52,633 THE DOGS WAS BARKING, BITING, 945 00:48:52,633 --> 00:48:55,066 POLICE WERE CLUBBING AND STUFF. 946 00:48:55,066 --> 00:48:58,033 BUT THE LITTLE KIDS ON THE INSIDE WERE PROTECTED. 947 00:48:58,033 --> 00:49:00,467 I DON'T KNOW IF ANYBODY HAS EVER EVEN THOUGHT 948 00:49:00,467 --> 00:49:02,900 ABOUT THE PRESSURE OF ONE OF THOSE HOSES. 949 00:49:02,900 --> 00:49:04,700 YOU COULD JUST FEEL IT STING. 950 00:49:04,700 --> 00:49:06,600 IT WAS ALMOST LIKE BEING WHIPPED, 951 00:49:06,600 --> 00:49:08,600 WITH A WHIP OR SOMETHING. 952 00:49:08,600 --> 00:49:10,467 AND JUST SORT OF HIT ME IN THE FACE 953 00:49:10,467 --> 00:49:12,266 AND WENT THIS WAY AND TOOK MY HAIR OUT. 954 00:49:12,266 --> 00:49:14,467 I HAVE ALWAYS BEEN AFRAID OF DOGS. 955 00:49:14,467 --> 00:49:17,467 AND TO HAVE THE POLICE DEPARTMENT 956 00:49:17,467 --> 00:49:19,934 HAVE DOGS ON US... 957 00:49:19,934 --> 00:49:22,166 THERE WERE PEOPLE BEING BITTEN BY DOGS 958 00:49:22,166 --> 00:49:25,100 AS WE WERE TRYING TO RUN AWAY FROM THE DOGS 959 00:49:25,100 --> 00:49:28,400 AND THE FIRE HOSES WITH THE WATER. 960 00:49:28,400 --> 00:49:31,300 THEY WERE LITERALLY WASHING CHILDREN DOWN THE STREETS. 961 00:49:31,300 --> 00:49:33,934 IT CAUGHT ME RIGHT ON 17th STREET 962 00:49:33,934 --> 00:49:36,600 IN FRONT OF A CAFE CALLED ZANZIBAR. 963 00:49:36,600 --> 00:49:39,166 THAT'S WHEN IT KNOCKED ME DOWN. 964 00:49:39,166 --> 00:49:41,433 BUT THERE WAS SO MUCH HATE HERE THEN, 965 00:49:41,433 --> 00:49:43,700 SO THEY SAID, "GOTTA GET THIS LADY TO THE HOSPITAL." 966 00:49:43,700 --> 00:49:44,934 I SAID, "NO". 967 00:49:44,934 --> 00:49:46,700 I WAS AFRAID TO GO TO THE HOSPITAL. 968 00:49:46,700 --> 00:49:48,900 I DIDN'T KNOW WHETHER THEY'D TAKE ME OUT OVER THERE 969 00:49:48,900 --> 00:49:50,433 SO I JUST SUFFERED THE CONSEQUENCES. 970 00:49:50,433 --> 00:49:52,500 YES, I WILL SAY THIS, 971 00:49:52,500 --> 00:49:54,500 I'M GONNA BE FRANK AND TELL YOU THE TRUTH... 972 00:49:54,500 --> 00:49:56,467 WITH THE HOSE AND THE DOGS AND THE FOLKS, 973 00:49:56,467 --> 00:49:58,066 I WAS REALLY AFRAID. 974 00:49:58,066 --> 00:50:00,800 BUT I RESPECTED WHAT THEY WERE MARCHING FOR, 975 00:50:00,800 --> 00:50:02,900 SO I DID THE MARCH. 976 00:50:03,900 --> 00:50:07,166 I WAS IN PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY WHEN THE FIRE HOSES 977 00:50:07,166 --> 00:50:10,367 AND THE MARCHES IN KELLY INGRAM PARK 978 00:50:10,367 --> 00:50:12,934 NEAR THE CHURCH WERE HELD. 979 00:50:12,934 --> 00:50:15,333 THEY WERE ON THE FRONT PAGE OF THE NEW YORK TIMES. 980 00:50:15,333 --> 00:50:18,967 AND I RECALL HAVING TO EXPLAIN TO MY PROFESSORS 981 00:50:18,967 --> 00:50:21,033 AND TO MY FRIENDS 982 00:50:21,033 --> 00:50:22,633 EVERY SINGLE DAY 983 00:50:22,633 --> 00:50:27,200 THAT ALL OF BIRMINGHAM HADN'T ERUPTED IN VIOLENCE. 984 00:50:27,200 --> 00:50:28,800 AND IN FACT, 985 00:50:28,800 --> 00:50:30,900 IT WAS AWFULLY HARD TO EXPLAIN 986 00:50:30,900 --> 00:50:34,033 HOW I DIDN'T REALLY THINK THAT FIRE HOSES 987 00:50:34,033 --> 00:50:36,066 WERE THE WORST THING THAT COULD'VE HAPPENED, 988 00:50:36,066 --> 00:50:38,000 CERTAINLY COMPARED TO FIRE ARMS, 989 00:50:38,000 --> 00:50:43,000 CERTAINLY COMPARED TO KILLING AND BEATING. 990 00:50:43,000 --> 00:50:44,900 IT WAS DEVASTATING 991 00:50:44,900 --> 00:50:48,600 BECAUSE IT WAS JUST SO UGLY, 992 00:50:48,600 --> 00:50:50,700 THE WAY THEY WERE DOING YOUNG PEOPLE. 993 00:50:50,700 --> 00:50:53,000 TO THINK A GROWN MAN 994 00:50:53,000 --> 00:50:55,400 WOULD PUT A FIRE HOSE ON A CHILD. 995 00:50:55,400 --> 00:50:57,500 IT WAS AWFUL, AND I DIDN'T LIKE IT. 996 00:50:57,500 --> 00:50:59,633 I REALLY DIDN'T LIKE IT BUT, 997 00:50:59,633 --> 00:51:02,467 AS AN INDIVIDUAL THERE WAS NOTHING I COULD DO BUT PRAY 998 00:51:02,467 --> 00:51:04,367 AND I DID A LOT OF THAT. 999 00:51:04,367 --> 00:51:07,533 I THINK ABOUT THE PEOPLE WHO WENT THROUGH ALL THAT 1000 00:51:07,533 --> 00:51:09,734 BACK IN THOSE DAYS. 1001 00:51:09,734 --> 00:51:13,133 WE DID NOT GIVE THEM CREDIT FOR DOING IT, 1002 00:51:13,133 --> 00:51:14,834 BECAUSE THEY FOUGHT MY BATTLE. 1003 00:51:14,834 --> 00:51:16,934 I SHOULD'VE BEEN OUT THERE. 1004 00:51:16,934 --> 00:51:18,400 BIRMINGHAM, 1005 00:51:18,400 --> 00:51:22,433 AND PARTICULARLY IN THE YEAR 1963 1006 00:51:22,433 --> 00:51:24,467 WHEN THIS TOOK PLACE, 1007 00:51:24,467 --> 00:51:28,300 HAD BECOME THE FOCAL POINT OF THE STRUGGLE IN THE SOUTH. 1008 00:51:28,300 --> 00:51:32,400 AND IT HAD BEEN A SORT OF A VIOLENT YEAR. 1009 00:51:32,400 --> 00:51:36,200 IN JUNE MEDGAR EVERS HAD BEEN KILLED. 1010 00:51:36,200 --> 00:51:39,500 BUT IT WAS ALSO A YEAR OF ECSTASY AND TRIUMPH. 1011 00:51:39,500 --> 00:51:41,867 ON AUGUST 28th 1012 00:51:41,867 --> 00:51:45,500 A QUARTER MILLION PEOPLE ASSEMBLED IN WASHINGTON, D.C. 1013 00:51:45,500 --> 00:51:48,567 AND THOSE OF US IN THE MOVEMENT 1014 00:51:48,567 --> 00:51:51,700 WERE ALMOST AS SURPRISED AS WE WERE DELIGHTED 1015 00:51:51,700 --> 00:51:54,767 TO SEE THIS MAGNIFICENT THING HAPPEN. 1016 00:51:54,767 --> 00:51:56,767 WE FELT AT THE MARCH 1017 00:51:56,767 --> 00:52:00,300 THAT AT LAST WE HAD THE ATTENTION OF AMERICA, 1018 00:52:00,300 --> 00:52:03,900 THE CONGRESS, THE PRESIDENT, AND THE WORLD. 1019 00:52:05,400 --> 00:52:07,066 ( singing ) 1020 00:52:09,967 --> 00:52:13,567 I WAS ANGRY WITH CHRIS DURING THAT TIME, 1021 00:52:13,567 --> 00:52:17,300 BECAUSE HE'D DONE SOMETHING THAT I DIDN'T THINK WAS KOSHER. 1022 00:52:17,300 --> 00:52:22,000 AND SO I'M WALKING AROUND GLARING AT HIM, 1023 00:52:22,000 --> 00:52:23,567 BOTH OF THEM, 1024 00:52:23,567 --> 00:52:25,800 BECAUSE SEEMINGLY IN MY MIND 1025 00:52:25,800 --> 00:52:29,700 THEY WERE INFRINGING ON ME. 1026 00:52:29,700 --> 00:52:32,467 MY WIFE, I THINK, HAD EATEN AND WHEN I CAME HOME 1027 00:52:32,467 --> 00:52:35,367 EVIDENTLY SHE DIDN'T HAVE WHAT I WANTED TO EAT. 1028 00:52:35,367 --> 00:52:38,700 AND I DECIDED I WANTED A BROILED CHICKEN. 1029 00:52:38,700 --> 00:52:43,567 AND SO I PROCEEDED TO GET A CHICKEN, 1030 00:52:43,567 --> 00:52:45,467 CUT UP A CHICKEN, 1031 00:52:45,467 --> 00:52:48,100 AND DENISE CAME UP THERE WHERE I WAS, 1032 00:52:48,100 --> 00:52:51,100 AND SHE JUMPED UP ON THE KITCHEN COUNTER, 1033 00:52:51,100 --> 00:52:54,066 AND HER MOTHER CAME IN THE KITCHEN AND LOOKED AT HER, 1034 00:52:54,066 --> 00:52:55,967 AND DENISE LOOKED AT ME, 1035 00:52:55,967 --> 00:52:58,567 AND I DIDN'T TELL HER TO GET OFF THE COUNTER. 1036 00:52:58,567 --> 00:53:03,100 SO IF DADDY DIDN'T TELL ME TO MOVE, BYE TO YOU. 1037 00:53:03,100 --> 00:53:05,400 AND I JUST THOUGHT THAT SITTING ON THE COUNTER ? 1038 00:53:05,400 --> 00:53:06,867 IN THE KITCHEN ? 1039 00:53:06,867 --> 00:53:08,633 WHERE YOU'RE GONNA PUT FOOD ? 1040 00:53:08,633 --> 00:53:11,133 UH-UH, THAT'S A NO-NO. 1041 00:53:11,133 --> 00:53:12,633 AND SO I LET HER SIT UP THERE 1042 00:53:12,633 --> 00:53:15,000 AND I FINISHED CUTTING UP THE CHICKEN, 1043 00:53:15,000 --> 00:53:16,867 CLEANED IT, AND THEN SEASONED IT, 1044 00:53:16,867 --> 00:53:19,567 AND PROCEEDED TO BROIL IT, DID BROIL IT, 1045 00:53:19,567 --> 00:53:22,400 AND THEN WE ATE THE CHICKEN, HAD A GOOD TIME. 1046 00:53:22,400 --> 00:53:23,834 TO ME, 1047 00:53:23,834 --> 00:53:27,367 AND I'VE OFTEN REFERRED TO IT WITH MY WIFE IN THAT TONE, 1048 00:53:27,367 --> 00:53:29,967 IT WAS LIKE THE LAST SUPPER 1049 00:53:29,967 --> 00:53:33,233 AS I WOULD IMAGINE IT WOULD'VE BEEN 1050 00:53:33,233 --> 00:53:34,500 WITH CHRIST AND HIS DISCIPLES 1051 00:53:34,500 --> 00:53:36,200 AND I'M SERIOUS ABOUT THIS. 1052 00:53:36,200 --> 00:53:39,266 TWO WEEKS BEFORE THE CHURCH WAS BOMBED, 1053 00:53:39,266 --> 00:53:43,066 MY MOTHER WAS IN THE KITCHEN AND WE WERE GETTING READY 1054 00:53:43,066 --> 00:53:45,567 FOR CHURCH AND ALL THOSE THINGS. 1055 00:53:45,567 --> 00:53:47,900 AND SHE WAS STANDING THERE AT THE SINK, 1056 00:53:47,900 --> 00:53:50,900 AND THEN SHE TURNED AROUND AND SAID TO RAY, MY OLDEST BROTHER, 1057 00:53:50,900 --> 00:53:53,934 "I KNOW YOU BEEN GOING OUT THERE, 1058 00:53:53,934 --> 00:53:56,400 "LEADING THOSE DEMONSTRATIONS, LEAVING SCHOOL 1059 00:53:56,400 --> 00:53:58,600 "AND GOING DOWN TO BIRMINGHAM. 1060 00:53:58,600 --> 00:54:00,967 I KNOW YOU'VE BEEN DOING THAT." 1061 00:54:00,967 --> 00:54:02,333 HE WOULDN'T DENY IT. 1062 00:54:02,333 --> 00:54:04,433 HE DIDN'T ADMIT IT, BUT HE WOULDN'T DENY IT. 1063 00:54:04,433 --> 00:54:06,934 AND SHE SAID, "MAMA JUST WANTS TO ASK YOU THIS. 1064 00:54:06,934 --> 00:54:09,934 "DON'T GO BACK IN THE 16th STREET BAPTIST CHURCH, 1065 00:54:09,934 --> 00:54:12,133 "BECAUSE GOD HAS SHOWN ME 1066 00:54:12,133 --> 00:54:14,166 SOMETHING TERRIBLE'S GONNA HAPPEN THERE." 1067 00:54:14,166 --> 00:54:15,400 I DREAMED, 1068 00:54:15,400 --> 00:54:17,667 SEEMINGLY OUT OF A CLEAR BLUE SKY, 1069 00:54:17,667 --> 00:54:19,800 THAT THERE WAS GOING TO BE 1070 00:54:19,800 --> 00:54:22,500 SOMETHING TERRIBLE HAPPENING AT 16th STREET, 1071 00:54:22,500 --> 00:54:25,000 AND I SAW A LOT OF BLOOD, 1072 00:54:25,000 --> 00:54:28,367 AND I MENTIONED IT AT THE BREAKFAST TABLE. 1073 00:54:28,367 --> 00:54:32,400 IT WAS ON A SATURDAY MORNING, AND I SAID "PLEASE, 1074 00:54:32,400 --> 00:54:34,633 I DON'T WANT ANY OF YOU..." 1075 00:54:34,633 --> 00:54:36,533 I SAID, "RAY, I DON'T WANT YOU 1076 00:54:36,533 --> 00:54:40,367 NOWHERE NEAR 16th STREET BAPTIST CHURCH." 1077 00:54:40,367 --> 00:54:42,533 AND RAY WENT, "MA !" 1078 00:54:42,533 --> 00:54:46,033 AND DAD SAID, "DON'T TELL THEM ANY SUPERSTITIOUS STUFF !" 1079 00:54:46,033 --> 00:54:48,667 AND SHE SAID, "NO, GOD HAS SHOWN ME. 1080 00:54:48,667 --> 00:54:51,000 "I DREAMED IT LAST NIGHT. 1081 00:54:51,000 --> 00:54:53,200 "IT WAS JUST BLOOD COMING ALL OUT OF THAT CHURCH. 1082 00:54:53,200 --> 00:54:54,867 "BLOOD JUST POURING OUT OF THE CHURCH. 1083 00:54:54,867 --> 00:54:57,533 AND I DON'T WANT ANY OF MY BLOOD SPILLED." 1084 00:54:57,533 --> 00:54:59,333 AND WE WERE ALL LOOKING LIKE... 1085 00:54:59,333 --> 00:55:01,900 AND THEN I GUESS SINCE RAY DIDN'T RESPOND 1086 00:55:01,900 --> 00:55:04,066 AS WE NORMALLY RESPOND 1087 00:55:04,066 --> 00:55:05,900 WHEN MAMA TELLS YOU TO DO SOMETHING, 1088 00:55:05,900 --> 00:55:07,967 BECAUSE WE DIDN'T COME FROM ONE OF THOSE FAMILIES, 1089 00:55:07,967 --> 00:55:09,633 WHERE YOUR PARENTS ASK YOU TO DO SOMETHING, 1090 00:55:09,633 --> 00:55:11,600 AND SO HE DIDN'T RESPOND, 1091 00:55:11,600 --> 00:55:14,166 AND THE NEXT THING, SHE JUST FELL ON HER KNEES. 1092 00:55:14,166 --> 00:55:16,066 AND I STARTED CRYING 1093 00:55:16,066 --> 00:55:19,233 BECAUSE IT SEEMED SO REAL TO ME IN THE DREAM. 1094 00:55:19,233 --> 00:55:22,333 AND WHEN THIS HAPPENED 1095 00:55:22,333 --> 00:55:24,900 I THINK WE ALL THOUGHT ABOUT IT. 1096 00:55:52,867 --> 00:55:55,166 THAT SUNDAY WAS SO DRAMATIC-- 1097 00:55:55,166 --> 00:55:56,934 TRAUMATIC, RATHER, 1098 00:55:56,934 --> 00:56:00,333 UNTIL IT'S ALMOST HARD TO TALK ABOUT IT. 1099 00:56:01,834 --> 00:56:06,633 WE WERE MORE OR LESS AT OUR VARIOUS HOMES 1100 00:56:06,633 --> 00:56:08,533 GETTING READY TO GO TO CHURCH. 1101 00:56:08,533 --> 00:56:13,700 THIS WAS THE BEGINNING OF A MONTHLY YOUTH DAY SERVICE, 1102 00:56:13,700 --> 00:56:17,333 SO THE CHILDREN WERE REAL EXCITED TO HAVE THIS OPPORTUNITY 1103 00:56:17,333 --> 00:56:21,967 TO TAKE PART IN THE LEADERSHIP OF THE CHURCH THAT DAY. 1104 00:56:21,967 --> 00:56:25,033 WHEN ADDIE AND SARAH AND I STARTED TO WALK TO CHURCH, 1105 00:56:25,033 --> 00:56:27,400 IT DON'T USUALLY TAKE 1106 00:56:27,400 --> 00:56:30,133 BUT MAYBE 'ROUND ABOUT... 1107 00:56:31,867 --> 00:56:35,934 MAYBE 'ROUND ABOUT 15 OR 20 MINUTES TO GET TO CHURCH. 1108 00:56:35,934 --> 00:56:40,400 BUT THAT PARTICULAR SUNDAY IT TOOK A LITTLE BIT LONGER 1109 00:56:40,400 --> 00:56:43,467 BECAUSE WE PLAYED... 1110 00:56:43,467 --> 00:56:46,133 WE PLAYED A GAME WITH MY PURSE. 1111 00:56:46,133 --> 00:56:50,166 AND LIKE I SAID, IT WAS SHAPED LIKE A FOOTBALL. 1112 00:56:50,166 --> 00:56:52,600 IT WAS JUST A REGULAR SUNDAY MORNING. 1113 00:56:52,600 --> 00:56:55,934 LIGHT BREAKFAST, AND SHE LEFT. 1114 00:56:55,934 --> 00:56:59,600 SHE ALWAYS WENT BY MY PARENTS ON SUNDAY MORNING. 1115 00:56:59,600 --> 00:57:01,433 THAT PARTICULAR SUNDAY 1116 00:57:01,433 --> 00:57:03,900 I WAS SUPPOSED TO GO TO SUNDAY SCHOOL WITH CAROLE, 1117 00:57:03,900 --> 00:57:06,166 AND I WAS RUNNING A LITTLE LATE 1118 00:57:06,166 --> 00:57:09,934 AND I DIDN'T GET AN OPPORTUNITY TO GO. 1119 00:57:09,934 --> 00:57:11,800 AND WE HAD THE BEST TIME. 1120 00:57:11,800 --> 00:57:15,567 WE WAS LAUGHING SO HARD AND WAS PLAYING SO HARD. 1121 00:57:15,567 --> 00:57:18,500 WE JUST DID IT ALL THE WAY TO CHURCH, 1122 00:57:18,500 --> 00:57:20,533 JUST THROWING IT BACK AND FORTH. 1123 00:57:20,533 --> 00:57:22,900 AND WHEN WE GOT TO CHURCH, 1124 00:57:22,900 --> 00:57:25,633 I WENT DOWN INTO THE BASEMENT WITH THEM 1125 00:57:25,633 --> 00:57:27,867 BECAUSE I DIDN'T WANT TO GO UP, 1126 00:57:27,867 --> 00:57:30,233 BECAUSE WE HAD TO GET OURSELVES FIXED UP 1127 00:57:30,233 --> 00:57:32,633 BECAUSE WE PLAYED AND MESSED OURSELVES UP. 1128 00:57:32,633 --> 00:57:35,233 WE'D BEEN OUT TO MY SISTER'S HOUSE THE NIGHT BEFORE-- 1129 00:57:35,233 --> 00:57:37,533 THE AFTERNOON BEFORE, 1130 00:57:37,533 --> 00:57:41,400 AND WE DIDN'T GET TO CHURCH EXACTLY ON TIME 1131 00:57:41,400 --> 00:57:44,967 TO HEAR ALL OF WHAT THE PRELIMINARIES WERE 1132 00:57:44,967 --> 00:57:46,800 FOR THE SUNDAY SCHOOL. 1133 00:57:46,800 --> 00:57:49,300 SHE HAD THIS PRETTY WHITE DRESS. 1134 00:57:49,300 --> 00:57:52,700 SHE HAD NEW BLACK SHOES, 1135 00:57:52,700 --> 00:57:55,200 HER FIRST LITTLE HEELS THEY WERE, 1136 00:57:55,200 --> 00:57:58,900 NOT HIGH HEELS, BUT THE FIRST HEELS SHE HAD WORN. 1137 00:57:58,900 --> 00:58:00,500 I REMEMBER TELLING THEM, 1138 00:58:00,500 --> 00:58:02,900 "MAKE SURE WHEN YOU GET THROUGH FIXING YOUR HAIR, 1139 00:58:02,900 --> 00:58:04,767 "YOU HURRY AND GO UPSTAIRS 1140 00:58:04,767 --> 00:58:06,767 "BECAUSE WE'RE ALREADY LATE 1141 00:58:06,767 --> 00:58:08,767 AND WE DON'T WANNA GET ANY LATER." 1142 00:58:08,767 --> 00:58:11,700 33 YEARS AGO TODAY I LEFT HOME, 1143 00:58:11,700 --> 00:58:14,033 COMING TO SUNDAY SCHOOL, 1144 00:58:14,033 --> 00:58:16,033 AT THIS, MY CHURCH, 16th STREET. 1145 00:58:16,033 --> 00:58:18,633 I HAD JUST WALKED UP THE STEPS 1146 00:58:18,633 --> 00:58:21,300 AND WALKED OUT INTO THE SANCTUARY. 1147 00:58:21,300 --> 00:58:24,266 THE PHONE RANG BEFORE I WALKED OUT INTO THE SANCTUARY. 1148 00:58:24,266 --> 00:58:26,500 THIS WAS ACTUALLY THE SECOND PHONE CALL 1149 00:58:26,500 --> 00:58:28,400 THAT I HAD TAKEN THAT MORNING, 1150 00:58:28,400 --> 00:58:30,667 AND THE CALLER ON THE OTHER END SAID "THREE MINUTES". 1151 00:58:30,667 --> 00:58:32,367 BEING 14 YEARS OLD, 1152 00:58:32,367 --> 00:58:34,800 I HAD NO IDEA THAT IT MEANT ANYTHING. 1153 00:58:34,800 --> 00:58:38,266 WHEN I WALKED INTO THE CHURCH IT WAS LIKE, WOW, 1154 00:58:38,266 --> 00:58:40,400 THE FIRST THING I WAS LOOKING-- 1155 00:58:40,400 --> 00:58:42,667 AND I SAID IT LOOKS STRANGE IN HERE. 1156 00:58:42,667 --> 00:58:44,867 THE FEELING, THE FEELING THAT IT FELT. 1157 00:58:44,867 --> 00:58:46,500 I EVEN NOTICED IT. 1158 00:58:46,500 --> 00:58:49,100 IT WAS LIKE I'VE NEVER FELT THIS IN THIS CHURCH BEFORE. 1159 00:58:49,100 --> 00:58:50,834 IT WAS LIKE A DIFFERENT FEELING. 1160 00:58:50,834 --> 00:58:53,000 I WAS ONE OF THE SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHERS, 1161 00:58:53,000 --> 00:58:55,467 AND MY CLASS WAS DOWNSTAIRS IN THE BASEMENT 1162 00:58:55,467 --> 00:58:58,367 NEAR WHERE THE BOMBING TOOK PLACE. 1163 00:58:58,367 --> 00:59:00,934 AND I THINK I WAS THE LAST PERSON IN THE FAMILY 1164 00:59:00,934 --> 00:59:02,633 TO SEE DENISE THAT MORNING. 1165 00:59:02,633 --> 00:59:05,467 I WENT ON UPSTAIRS TO MY CLASS IN THE CHOIR LOFT, 1166 00:59:05,467 --> 00:59:08,233 AND SHE WENT DOWNSTAIRS IN THE BASEMENT. 1167 00:59:08,233 --> 00:59:09,767 DENISE CAME TO MY ROOM, 1168 00:59:09,767 --> 00:59:12,900 AND I SAID, "WHAT ARE YOU DOING IN HERE ?" 1169 00:59:12,900 --> 00:59:15,834 AND SHE SAID, "I CAME TO BORROW YOUR COMB, 1170 00:59:15,834 --> 00:59:18,533 YOUR COMPACT, AND A QUARTER." 1171 00:59:18,533 --> 00:59:21,567 AND I SAID, "DENISE, DON'T YOU HAVE ANY OF THAT ?" 1172 00:59:21,567 --> 00:59:23,500 HER MOTHER WOULDN'T GIVE IT TO HER, 1173 00:59:23,500 --> 00:59:25,467 SO SHE BORROWED MY COMB, MY COMPACT AND A QUARTER. 1174 00:59:25,467 --> 00:59:28,433 THE NEXT THING I HEARD WAS THIS LOUD BLAST, 1175 00:59:28,433 --> 00:59:31,734 AND MY FIRST WORDS WERE, "MY BABY, MY BABY". 1176 00:59:31,734 --> 00:59:34,400 IT WAS JUST A LOUD NOISE AND THE BUILDING SHOOK, 1177 00:59:34,400 --> 00:59:36,300 AND I JUST REMEMBER 1178 00:59:36,300 --> 00:59:38,533 SOMETHING HITTING ME IN MY HEAD. 1179 00:59:38,533 --> 00:59:40,467 I THINK IT WAS A PIECE OF THE LIGHT FIXTURE 1180 00:59:40,467 --> 00:59:42,367 AND JUST SCREAMS AND... 1181 00:59:42,367 --> 00:59:44,967 I JUST REMEMBER SEEING BLACK SOOT EVERYWHERE. 1182 00:59:44,967 --> 00:59:47,600 AND I GUESS MY FIRST REACTION, 1183 00:59:47,600 --> 00:59:50,700 I THOUGHT RUSSIA HAD SENT A SPUTNIK BOMB OVER THERE, 1184 00:59:50,700 --> 00:59:53,400 'CAUSE I REMEMBER READING IN THE PAPER DURING THAT TIME 1185 00:59:53,400 --> 00:59:56,333 ABOUT RUSSIA AND ABOUT BOMBINGS AND THINGS LIKE THAT. 1186 00:59:56,333 --> 00:59:59,400 I WOULDN'T HAVE THOUGHT THAT NOBODY'D BOMB THAT CHURCH. 1187 00:59:59,400 --> 01:00:02,467 WHEN I HEARD THE NOISE FROM MY CHURCH, 1188 01:00:02,467 --> 01:00:04,166 I DIDN'T KNOW WHAT IT WAS. 1189 01:00:04,166 --> 01:00:05,633 I KNOW IT SOUNDED A LITTLE LIKE THUNDER. 1190 01:00:05,633 --> 01:00:07,433 IT WAS AN OVERCAST DAY, 1191 01:00:07,433 --> 01:00:10,400 BUT I TURNED TO MY BROTHER AND SAID, "WAS THAT THUNDER ?" 1192 01:00:10,400 --> 01:00:11,800 AND HE SAID, "UH-UH". 1193 01:00:11,800 --> 01:00:14,567 MY HUSBAND HAD CARRIED CAROLE TO SUNDAY SCHOOL, 1194 01:00:14,567 --> 01:00:17,867 AND I WAS DRESSING FOR CHURCH WHEN I HEARD THE BOMB. 1195 01:00:17,867 --> 01:00:21,233 I THINK I WAS IN THE BATHROOM PUTTING ON MAKEUP. 1196 01:00:22,367 --> 01:00:24,800 MY PARENTS AND I AND MY SISTERS AND BROTHERS, 1197 01:00:24,800 --> 01:00:27,567 WE WERE ALL SITTING DOWN AT THE TABLE EATING BREAKFAST. 1198 01:00:27,567 --> 01:00:30,400 AND THE WHOLE HOUSE SHOOK. 1199 01:00:30,400 --> 01:00:32,900 BIRMINGHAM WAS ALWAYS KNOWN FOR FOUNDRIES 1200 01:00:32,900 --> 01:00:34,867 AND BLASTING AND THINGS LIKE THIS, 1201 01:00:34,867 --> 01:00:37,233 SO WHEN YOU HEAR IT SOMETIMES YOU JUST THINK 1202 01:00:37,233 --> 01:00:39,266 THAT IT'S ONE OF THE FOUNDRIES BLASTING COAL, 1203 01:00:39,266 --> 01:00:42,433 AND WE DIDN'T WANT TO THINK THE WORST. 1204 01:00:42,433 --> 01:00:45,266 SOMEHOW OR ANOTHER SOMEBODY TOLD OUR PASTOR 1205 01:00:45,266 --> 01:00:47,567 THAT 16th STREET HAD BEEN BOMBED. 1206 01:00:47,567 --> 01:00:51,300 WE GOT THE CHILDREN TOGETHER AND TOLD THEM TO HOLD HANDS. 1207 01:00:51,300 --> 01:00:53,567 WE WENT OUTSIDE, 1208 01:00:53,567 --> 01:00:55,500 AND WHEN WE GOT OUTSIDE 1209 01:00:55,500 --> 01:00:59,433 ALL WE COULD SEE WERE POLICEMAN. 1210 01:00:59,433 --> 01:01:02,333 AND WHEN WE GOT ON THE OUTSIDE, 1211 01:01:02,333 --> 01:01:04,467 GOING DOWN THE STEPS, 1212 01:01:04,467 --> 01:01:07,367 IT WAS LIKE I RAN INTO JUNIE. 1213 01:01:07,367 --> 01:01:10,066 AND WHEN I RAN INTO JUNIE, 1214 01:01:10,066 --> 01:01:14,066 WE WAS WALKING BACK AND FORTH AND FINALLY IT STRUCK US 1215 01:01:14,066 --> 01:01:18,033 THAT WE DIDN'T SEE ADDIE AND SARAH. 1216 01:01:18,033 --> 01:01:20,467 YOU CAN IMAGINE JUST HOW TERRIBLE IT WAS 1217 01:01:20,467 --> 01:01:22,400 FOR EVERYBODY. 1218 01:01:22,400 --> 01:01:24,867 PEOPLE WERE DIGGIN' IN THE ASHES, 1219 01:01:24,867 --> 01:01:29,200 AMONG THE RUBBLE TRYING TO FIND THEIR LOVED ONES. 1220 01:01:29,200 --> 01:01:31,867 IN A FEW MINUTES MY WIFE'S COUSIN, 1221 01:01:31,867 --> 01:01:35,533 THE ONE WE CALL "MAMA HELEN" WHO LIVES UP THE STREET, 1222 01:01:35,533 --> 01:01:39,767 SHE CAME BY IN HER CAR AND SHE SAID, "COME ON, 1223 01:01:39,767 --> 01:01:43,033 GO WITH ME, WE CAN'T FIND DENISE." 1224 01:01:43,033 --> 01:01:45,600 AND I LOOKED EVERYWHERE, ALL OVER THE CHURCH, 1225 01:01:45,600 --> 01:01:48,200 UPSTAIRS, DOWNSTAIRS, AND EVERYWHERE, 1226 01:01:48,200 --> 01:01:50,700 AND I COULDN'T FIND MY CHILDREN. 1227 01:01:50,700 --> 01:01:53,100 I IMMEDIATELY REACHED DOWN 1228 01:01:53,100 --> 01:01:57,433 AND PULLED ONE OF THE LARGE CONCRETE BLOCKS AWAY... 1229 01:01:58,567 --> 01:02:01,100 AND THERE WAS ONE OF THE GIRLS' HEAD 1230 01:02:01,100 --> 01:02:03,000 I HAD DISCOVERED. 1231 01:02:03,000 --> 01:02:06,033 GOD, WHEN I FOUND OUT THAT MY CLASSMATE, CYNTHIA, 1232 01:02:06,033 --> 01:02:08,467 WAS ONE OF THEM, 1233 01:02:08,467 --> 01:02:11,567 THE FIRST THOUGHT WAS THAT I SAW HER 1234 01:02:11,567 --> 01:02:15,600 AS WE WERE LEAVING SCHOOL THAT FRIDAY 1235 01:02:15,600 --> 01:02:19,533 AND WE SAID TO EACH OTHER, "SEE YOU MONDAY". 1236 01:02:19,533 --> 01:02:22,900 AND SHE SAID SOMETHING TO ME, 1237 01:02:22,900 --> 01:02:24,700 AND I DON'T REMEMBER WHAT IT WAS, 1238 01:02:24,700 --> 01:02:26,700 BUT IT WAS SOMETHING TO MAKE ME LAUGH. 1239 01:02:26,700 --> 01:02:29,967 AND WE SAID, JUST RUSHING, "SEE YOU MONDAY". 1240 01:02:29,967 --> 01:02:34,433 BUT I REMEMBER SO VIVIDLY LOOKING INTO HER EYES. 1241 01:02:34,433 --> 01:02:37,333 ( Spike ) WHEN DID YOU FIND OUT THAT CAROLE HAD BEEN IN THE BLAST ? 1242 01:02:37,333 --> 01:02:40,633 WHEN MY HUSBAND AND MY MOTHER AND ALL 1243 01:02:40,633 --> 01:02:42,667 CAME IN TO TELL ME. 1244 01:02:44,500 --> 01:02:46,433 OH BOY. 1245 01:02:47,900 --> 01:02:51,200 IT WAS JUST... IT WAS AWFUL. 1246 01:02:51,200 --> 01:02:54,367 THEY TOLD ME. 1247 01:02:54,367 --> 01:02:58,800 MY HUSBAND TOLD ME FIRST. 1248 01:02:58,800 --> 01:03:01,166 YEAH, BECAUSE HE GOT HERE FIRST... 1249 01:03:01,166 --> 01:03:05,600 AND HE WAS UPSET. 1250 01:03:05,600 --> 01:03:10,834 HE WAS THE KIND OF GENTLEMAN, 1251 01:03:10,834 --> 01:03:14,000 HE WAS KIND, NICE. 1252 01:03:14,000 --> 01:03:17,066 I GUESS HE JUST DIDN'T BELIEVE 1253 01:03:17,066 --> 01:03:19,300 ANYBODY WOULD DO ANYTHING LIKE THAT. 1254 01:03:19,300 --> 01:03:23,300 HE DIED NOT REALIZING THAT PEOPLE DO THINGS LIKE THAT. 1255 01:03:24,533 --> 01:03:27,600 SOMEONE CAME AND TOLD ME THAT... 1256 01:03:27,600 --> 01:03:29,266 MISS... 1257 01:03:33,834 --> 01:03:37,500 MRS. ARNOLD CARRIED ME TO THE HOSPITAL SO I COULD SEE HER. 1258 01:03:37,500 --> 01:03:40,500 WHEN WE GOT TO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL AND STARTED SEARCHING, 1259 01:03:40,500 --> 01:03:43,667 WE RAN UPON ANOTHER ONE OF MY WIFE'S COUSINS. 1260 01:03:43,667 --> 01:03:47,166 HIS NAME IS CLEVELAND. 1261 01:03:47,166 --> 01:03:50,567 AND WE CALLED HIM "BROTHER CLEVELAND". 1262 01:03:50,567 --> 01:03:52,500 AT ANY RATE, 1263 01:03:52,500 --> 01:03:55,633 HE HELPED US SEARCH AROUND AND WE FOUND THE ROOM 1264 01:03:55,633 --> 01:03:58,066 THAT THEY WERE USING AS A MORGUE. 1265 01:03:58,066 --> 01:04:02,200 AND IN THERE WERE ALL FOUR OF THE GIRLS LYING UP THERE. 1266 01:04:02,200 --> 01:04:05,367 THEN THERE WAS DENISE AMONG THEM 1267 01:04:05,367 --> 01:04:09,233 WITH THIS PIECE OF CONCRETE, 1268 01:04:09,233 --> 01:04:12,967 MORTAR-LIKE ROCK EMBEDDED IN HER HEAD. 1269 01:04:22,333 --> 01:04:24,400 WHEN I GOT THERE... 1270 01:04:25,834 --> 01:04:28,500 MY COUSIN HENRY WAS THERE, 1271 01:04:28,500 --> 01:04:31,266 AND HE WAS VERY ANGRY... 1272 01:04:32,300 --> 01:04:35,967 AND HE WAS USING WORDS THAT LET YOU KNOW HE WAS ANGRY, TOO. 1273 01:04:35,967 --> 01:04:40,433 AND THE LADY SAID-- WANTED TO KNOW WHO I WAS. 1274 01:04:40,433 --> 01:04:44,133 AND I TOLD HER THAT I HEARD THAT MY DAUGHTER, 1275 01:04:44,133 --> 01:04:46,066 DENISE McNAIR, HAD BEEN KILLED. 1276 01:04:46,066 --> 01:04:48,266 AND SHE SAID, "OH YOU'RE MAXINE". 1277 01:04:48,266 --> 01:04:50,433 AND I GOT SO ANGRY WITH HER. 1278 01:04:50,433 --> 01:04:53,467 HOW DARE SHE CALL ME MAXINE, SHE WASN'T A FRIEND OF MINE. 1279 01:04:53,467 --> 01:04:55,667 SHE DIDN'T KNOW ME FROM ADAM 1280 01:04:55,667 --> 01:04:58,000 AND HERE SHE'S GONNA TAKE THE LIBERTY 1281 01:04:58,000 --> 01:04:59,967 OF CALLING ME BY MY NAME. 1282 01:04:59,967 --> 01:05:02,100 I SAID, "I'M MRS. CHRIS McNAIR." 1283 01:05:02,100 --> 01:05:04,467 "I'M SORRY, I'M SORRY", WAS HER COMMENT. 1284 01:05:04,467 --> 01:05:06,500 BUT IT WAS TOO LATE THEN, SHE'D DONE IT. 1285 01:05:06,500 --> 01:05:08,567 YOU KNOW, THAT OLD MENTALITY, 1286 01:05:08,567 --> 01:05:11,433 "YOU'RE NOTHING AND I'M SOMETHING" CAME OUT. 1287 01:05:11,433 --> 01:05:14,333 SHE WENT IN AND THEN SHE LET ME GO IN AND SEE HER. 1288 01:05:14,333 --> 01:05:17,433 SHE SAID, "BUT YOUR HUSBAND HAS ALREADY IDENTIFIED HER." 1289 01:05:17,433 --> 01:05:19,633 BUT THAT WAS MY PRIVILEGE 1290 01:05:19,633 --> 01:05:22,467 TO IDENTIFY MY CHILD TO ME. 1291 01:05:22,467 --> 01:05:25,767 I DIDN'T THINK ANYBODY SHOULD'VE TAKEN IT AWAY FROM ME, 1292 01:05:25,767 --> 01:05:28,133 AND I'M SURE I SAID AS MUCH, 1293 01:05:28,133 --> 01:05:31,000 'CAUSE BY THAT TIME I WAS KIND OF TICKED OFF. 1294 01:05:31,000 --> 01:05:32,633 OKAY... 1295 01:05:32,633 --> 01:05:35,266 THEY CARRIED ME ON TO MY MOTHER'S HOUSE 1296 01:05:35,266 --> 01:05:38,333 AND WHEN I GOT IN THERE, I COULDN'T STOP HOLLERING. 1297 01:05:38,333 --> 01:05:41,734 I COULDN'T STOP SCREAMING... 1298 01:05:44,633 --> 01:05:47,467 AND I CAN JUST SEE MYSELF SITTING IN THE CHAIR, 1299 01:05:47,467 --> 01:05:49,900 JUST BEING SO UPSET... 1300 01:05:52,000 --> 01:05:55,567 IN A PLACE THAT I WANTED TO RUB AND I COULDN'T RUB IT. 1301 01:05:57,333 --> 01:06:00,834 AND I LATER FOUND OUT THAT I WAS THE ONLY PARENT 1302 01:06:00,834 --> 01:06:04,033 THAT WAS AT CHURCH THAT DAY. 1303 01:06:13,467 --> 01:06:16,667 I'M QUITE SURE THAT MY PARENTS-- 1304 01:06:16,667 --> 01:06:19,934 THEY IDENTIFIED A BODY, 1305 01:06:19,934 --> 01:06:24,300 BUT ALL I HEARD THAT MY SISTER JUNIE 1306 01:06:24,300 --> 01:06:26,934 HAD IDENTIFIED THE BODY. 1307 01:06:26,934 --> 01:06:30,967 BECAUSE IT HAD SOMEWHAT OF AN EFFECT LEFT UPON HER. 1308 01:06:30,967 --> 01:06:32,834 IT HAD A REALLY 1309 01:06:32,834 --> 01:06:35,767 KIND OF A NERVOUS-LIKE, YOU KNOW. 1310 01:06:35,767 --> 01:06:38,667 IT REALLY AFFECTED HER. 1311 01:06:39,600 --> 01:06:43,266 IT WAS JUST A DEVASTATING EXPERIENCE, 1312 01:06:43,266 --> 01:06:46,867 AND I... 1313 01:06:49,000 --> 01:06:52,467 EXPERIENCED A LOT OF PANIC ATTACKS TOO. 1314 01:06:52,467 --> 01:06:54,900 ONCE UPON A TIME I WAS... 1315 01:06:56,166 --> 01:06:58,567 REAL AFRAID OF BEING ON THE OUTSIDE 1316 01:06:58,567 --> 01:07:02,000 AS WELL AS THE INSIDE. 1317 01:07:03,233 --> 01:07:04,867 ( Spike ) OF WHAT ? 1318 01:07:04,867 --> 01:07:07,200 OF ANYWHERE. 1319 01:07:07,200 --> 01:07:09,633 BECAUSE THE BOMBING TOOK-- 1320 01:07:09,633 --> 01:07:11,633 IT HAPPENED IN A CHURCH WHERE 1321 01:07:11,633 --> 01:07:14,200 YOU NORMALLY WOULD FEEL SAFE, 1322 01:07:14,200 --> 01:07:16,500 OR YOU'D THINK YOU WERE SAFE... 1323 01:07:16,500 --> 01:07:21,467 AND OF ALL PLACES, A CHURCH. 1324 01:07:21,467 --> 01:07:23,000 THAT SUNDAY 1325 01:07:23,000 --> 01:07:27,900 WHEN THE LITTLE GIRLS WERE KILLED IN THE CHURCH, 1326 01:07:27,900 --> 01:07:32,000 MY FORMER HUSBAND AND I, 1327 01:07:32,000 --> 01:07:34,233 JIM BEVEL, 1328 01:07:34,233 --> 01:07:37,567 WERE IN EDENTON, NORTH CAROLINA. 1329 01:07:37,567 --> 01:07:41,367 THE SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE 1330 01:07:41,367 --> 01:07:46,000 WAS CARRYING OUT A VOTER REGISTRATION PROJECT. 1331 01:07:46,000 --> 01:07:48,800 AND IN FACT I WAS SCHEDULED TO PREACH THAT SUNDAY MORNING. 1332 01:07:48,800 --> 01:07:51,133 AND SO WHEN THE CHURCH BLEW UP, 1333 01:07:51,133 --> 01:07:53,800 WE HEARD ABOUT IT BEFORE I GOT TO CHURCH. 1334 01:07:53,800 --> 01:07:59,300 AND WE FELT THAT IN ORDER TO RESPECT OURSELVES, 1335 01:07:59,300 --> 01:08:02,533 AS AN ADULT MAN AND WOMAN, 1336 01:08:02,533 --> 01:08:07,066 WE COULD NOT LET LITTLE GIRLS BE KILLED. 1337 01:08:07,066 --> 01:08:09,500 IT WAS LIKE SOMEBODY HIT ME WITH HOT STEEL. 1338 01:08:09,500 --> 01:08:12,734 AND I FELT PERSONALLY INSULTED, BECAUSE IT WAS LIKE, 1339 01:08:12,734 --> 01:08:15,367 THEY KNEW THESE CHILDREN WAS USING THAT CHURCH, 1340 01:08:15,367 --> 01:08:18,834 AND THEY REALLY FELT INSULTED BECAUSE THE CHILDREN 1341 01:08:18,834 --> 01:08:20,533 HAVE DEFEATED THEM, RIGHT ? 1342 01:08:20,533 --> 01:08:23,166 SO IT'S LIKE THEY'RE COMING BACK ON THE CHILDREN 1343 01:08:23,166 --> 01:08:24,633 TO SAY WE WILL TEACH YOU A LESSON. 1344 01:08:24,633 --> 01:08:26,934 AND MY POINT IS WE WILL TEACH YOU A LESSON. 1345 01:08:26,934 --> 01:08:30,433 WE FELT THAT THERE WERE TWO THINGS THAT WE COULD DO. 1346 01:08:30,433 --> 01:08:35,400 THE FIRST OPTION IS THAT WE FELT CONFIDENT 1347 01:08:35,400 --> 01:08:38,834 THAT WE COULD FIND OUT WHO WAS RESPONSIBLE 1348 01:08:38,834 --> 01:08:41,633 FOR HAVING KILLED THOSE GIRLS, 1349 01:08:41,633 --> 01:08:43,667 AND WE COULD MAKE CERTAIN 1350 01:08:43,667 --> 01:08:45,834 THAT THEY GOT KILLED. 1351 01:08:45,834 --> 01:08:48,633 THAT WAS OPTION ONE. 1352 01:08:49,533 --> 01:08:51,467 NOW I SAID LOOK, 1353 01:08:51,467 --> 01:08:53,667 I'M GONNA HAVE TO GET OUT OF THE MOVEMENT 1354 01:08:53,667 --> 01:08:55,333 AND KILL THESE GUYS. 1355 01:08:55,333 --> 01:08:58,333 WE ARE NOT GONNA LET GUYS COME INTO THE COMMUNITY, 1356 01:08:58,333 --> 01:09:00,500 BLOW UP OUR CHURCHES AND KILL OUR CHILDREN. 1357 01:09:00,500 --> 01:09:01,800 WE'RE NOT GONNA DO IT. 1358 01:09:01,800 --> 01:09:04,000 THE SECOND OPTION 1359 01:09:04,000 --> 01:09:06,834 WAS THAT IF BLACKS IN ALABAMA 1360 01:09:06,834 --> 01:09:08,734 GOT THE RIGHT TO VOTE, 1361 01:09:08,734 --> 01:09:11,633 THEY COULD PROTECT THEIR CHILDREN. 1362 01:09:11,633 --> 01:09:14,500 NOW THAT'S WHERE THIS BOMBING OF THE CHURCH 1363 01:09:14,500 --> 01:09:19,000 IS WHERE THE SELMA, "RIGHT TO VOTE MOVEMENT" WAS BORN. 1364 01:09:20,200 --> 01:09:22,834 I REMEMBER THAT SUNDAY VERY CLEARLY. 1365 01:09:22,834 --> 01:09:25,066 I'M NOT SURE WHERE I WENT TO CHURCH. 1366 01:09:25,066 --> 01:09:26,600 AS I THINK ABOUT IT NOW, 1367 01:09:26,600 --> 01:09:28,900 I PROBABLY TOOK THAT SUNDAY OFF. 1368 01:09:28,900 --> 01:09:31,500 BUT I KNOW I GOT AN URGENT CALL FROM DR. KING, 1369 01:09:31,500 --> 01:09:34,600 HE TOLD ME THEY HAD BOMBED THE 16th STREET BAPTIST CHURCH 1370 01:09:34,600 --> 01:09:36,567 AND FOUR LITTLE GIRLS WERE DEAD, 1371 01:09:36,567 --> 01:09:39,400 AND WE HAD TO GO TO BIRMINGHAM RIGHT AWAY. 1372 01:09:39,400 --> 01:09:41,934 AND I DON'T KNOW WHERE WE MET, 1373 01:09:41,934 --> 01:09:44,367 BUT I KNOW WE HAD A GREAT DEAL OF CONVERSATION. 1374 01:09:44,367 --> 01:09:46,900 AND HE BEGAN TO BEMOAN THE FACT. 1375 01:09:46,900 --> 01:09:48,900 HE SAID, "THEY'RE GONNA BLAME ME." 1376 01:09:48,900 --> 01:09:51,834 HE WAS SUPERSENSITIVE ABOUT THINGS LIKE THIS, 1377 01:09:51,834 --> 01:09:53,800 AND HE SAID, "THEY'RE GONNA SAY 1378 01:09:53,800 --> 01:09:55,734 IF WE HAD NEVER COME TO BIRMINGHAM..." 1379 01:09:55,734 --> 01:09:57,834 HE SAID, "WE GOT TO GO." 1380 01:09:57,834 --> 01:09:59,767 HE SAID "I DREAD GOING, BUT WE GOT TO GO." 1381 01:09:59,767 --> 01:10:02,367 SO WE GOT OURSELVES TOGETHER AND WENT OVER TO BIRMINGHAM 1382 01:10:02,367 --> 01:10:03,967 TO SEE THE FAMILIES. 1383 01:10:03,967 --> 01:10:05,834 DR. KING CAME BY 1384 01:10:05,834 --> 01:10:08,367 THE PARSONAGE WHERE I WAS LIVING 1385 01:10:08,367 --> 01:10:11,700 THE EARLY PART OF THAT EVENING... 1386 01:10:11,700 --> 01:10:14,734 AND TALKED WITH ME ABOUT THE FUNERAL ARRANGEMENTS. 1387 01:10:14,734 --> 01:10:19,066 I TOLD HIM THAT WE TRIED TO GET A MASS FUNERAL 1388 01:10:19,066 --> 01:10:21,166 BUT THERE WAS ONE FAMILY 1389 01:10:21,166 --> 01:10:23,700 THAT WANTED TO HOLD OUT. 1390 01:10:23,700 --> 01:10:26,467 I TELL YOU, WE STARTED-- WE GOT UP MONDAY MORNING 1391 01:10:26,467 --> 01:10:28,533 AND STARTED MAKING PLANS, 1392 01:10:28,533 --> 01:10:30,767 WENT TO-- PLANNED EVERYTHING 1393 01:10:30,767 --> 01:10:35,333 BECAUSE WE HAD NO IDEA THEY WERE PLANNING A JOINT FUNERAL 1394 01:10:35,333 --> 01:10:37,500 UNTIL LATE MONDAY EVENING 1395 01:10:37,500 --> 01:10:41,500 WHEN KING AND CROSS, 1396 01:10:41,500 --> 01:10:44,633 ABERNATHY, GARDNER, 1397 01:10:44,633 --> 01:10:46,333 SMITH... 1398 01:10:46,333 --> 01:10:48,433 THERE WERE SEVEN OF THEM, 1399 01:10:48,433 --> 01:10:50,967 SHUTTLESWORTH, THAT CAME OUT. 1400 01:10:50,967 --> 01:10:52,834 DR. KING TALKED 1401 01:10:52,834 --> 01:10:56,667 AS HE TRIED TO PERSUADE HER TO CHANGE HER MIND. 1402 01:10:56,667 --> 01:10:59,467 SHE SAID, "I TOLD REV. CROSS 1403 01:10:59,467 --> 01:11:01,633 "WHAT MY INTENTIONS ARE 1404 01:11:01,633 --> 01:11:03,967 AND THAT'S WHAT I WANT TO DO." 1405 01:11:03,967 --> 01:11:07,734 SO HE HAD PRAYER WITH HER, 1406 01:11:07,734 --> 01:11:11,467 AND THEN WE LEFT. 1407 01:11:11,467 --> 01:11:13,867 ( Mrs. Robertson ) I DON'T KNOW WHAT WE WOULD'VE DONE 1408 01:11:13,867 --> 01:11:16,033 IF WE HAD KNOWN EARLY MONDAY MORNING 1409 01:11:16,033 --> 01:11:18,767 THAT THEY WERE PLANNING A MASS FUNERAL. 1410 01:11:18,767 --> 01:11:21,800 I DON'T KNOW WHAT THE DECISION WOULD'VE BEEN THEN. 1411 01:11:21,800 --> 01:11:26,200 BUT WE WENT ABOUT THE BUSINESS DURING THAT MONDAY 1412 01:11:26,200 --> 01:11:27,734 AND WE JUST LET IT STAY. 1413 01:11:32,033 --> 01:11:35,700 WE WENT DOWNTOWN AND WE PICKED OUT... 1414 01:11:36,700 --> 01:11:38,967 HER FAVORITE COLOR WAS YELLOW. 1415 01:11:38,967 --> 01:11:43,633 SO WE WENT TO PARISIAN'S AND WE GOT HER A YELLOW DRESS. 1416 01:11:43,633 --> 01:11:45,934 AND THE LADY KNEW ME 1417 01:11:45,934 --> 01:11:48,066 BECAUSE I HAD BEEN SHOPPING THERE BEFORE. 1418 01:11:48,066 --> 01:11:50,934 AND SHE WAS SAYING HOW SORRY SHE WAS, 1419 01:11:50,934 --> 01:11:56,667 AND SHE SOLD ME THE DRESS AND THE SOCKS 1420 01:11:56,667 --> 01:11:59,066 AND WHATEVER ELSE I BOUGHT THAT DAY, 1421 01:11:59,066 --> 01:12:01,834 AND WE CARRIED IT ON OVER TO THE FUNERAL HOME 1422 01:12:01,834 --> 01:12:04,667 AND PUT IT ON HER. 1423 01:12:05,967 --> 01:12:09,233 AND THE MAN TOLD ME THAT THEY WEREN'T GONNA 1424 01:12:09,233 --> 01:12:11,767 BE ABLE TO DO A GOOD JOB WITH FIXING HER UP 1425 01:12:11,767 --> 01:12:15,166 BECAUSE THE BRICK THAT WE FOUND, 1426 01:12:15,166 --> 01:12:16,767 THAT WE HAVE, 1427 01:12:16,767 --> 01:12:20,133 WAS EMBEDDED IN HER HEAD AND IT HAD DONE SOMETHING 1428 01:12:20,133 --> 01:12:22,467 TO HER SKIN ON THIS SIDE. 1429 01:12:22,467 --> 01:12:24,834 HE SAID, "BUT WE WILL MAKE IT 1430 01:12:24,834 --> 01:12:28,000 "LOOK THE VERY BEST THAT WE CAN. 1431 01:12:28,000 --> 01:12:29,767 WE WON'T DISAPPOINT YOU." 1432 01:12:29,767 --> 01:12:32,000 SO I HAD TRUST AND FAITH IN HIM 1433 01:12:32,000 --> 01:12:33,567 BECAUSE HE WAS A FRIEND OF MINE. 1434 01:12:33,567 --> 01:12:35,800 AND SURE ENOUGH, 1435 01:12:35,800 --> 01:12:40,100 THEY PULLED THE HAIR AROUND AND FIXED HER UP, 1436 01:12:40,100 --> 01:12:41,433 AND SHE LOOKED NICE. 1437 01:12:42,734 --> 01:12:46,100 CAROLE'S FUNERAL WAS A VERY QUIET FUNERAL, 1438 01:12:46,100 --> 01:12:50,967 JUST A NORMAL, SAD FUNERAL. 1439 01:12:50,967 --> 01:12:53,767 WHEREAS THE NEXT DAY, 1440 01:12:53,767 --> 01:12:55,700 IT WAS THE MORE SPECTACULAR, 1441 01:12:55,700 --> 01:12:57,533 WITH THE NEWS 1442 01:12:57,533 --> 01:13:00,400 AND THEY WERE THERE FROM EVERYWHERE. 1443 01:13:01,600 --> 01:13:04,000 ( singing "We Shall Overcome" ) 1444 01:13:14,900 --> 01:13:18,567 WHAT I REALLY REMEMBER MOST WAS 1445 01:13:18,567 --> 01:13:21,600 WHEN WE GOT OUT OF THE CAR TO THE CHURCH, 1446 01:13:21,600 --> 01:13:24,367 I REMEMBER LOOKING UP AND THERE WERE CAMERAS 1447 01:13:24,367 --> 01:13:26,934 AND PEOPLE IN THE TREES. 1448 01:13:26,934 --> 01:13:30,033 AND THE FAMILY COULD HARDLY GET IN THE CHURCH. 1449 01:13:30,600 --> 01:13:32,600 MOST KIDS DIDN'T GO TO THE FUNERAL. 1450 01:13:32,600 --> 01:13:35,066 SCHOOL WAS GOING ON AND... 1451 01:13:35,066 --> 01:13:37,100 BUT I REMEMBER SPECIFICALLY 1452 01:13:37,100 --> 01:13:39,166 I'D WORN A SHIRT AND TIE THAT DAY, 1453 01:13:39,166 --> 01:13:41,900 AND GEORGE BELL, MY PRINCIPAL, 1454 01:13:41,900 --> 01:13:44,033 THE FAMOUS GEORGE BELL... 1455 01:13:44,033 --> 01:13:48,200 AS I WAS LEAVING, I GOT A NOTE FROM MY MOTHER, 1456 01:13:48,200 --> 01:13:50,967 CAME UP TO ME 1457 01:13:50,967 --> 01:13:53,066 AND TOOK HIS TIE OFF. 1458 01:13:53,066 --> 01:13:56,367 HE SAID, "SON, YOU WANT TO WEAR DARK TIES TO FUNERALS. 1459 01:13:56,367 --> 01:13:59,233 HE SAID YOU'RE REPRESENTING US." 1460 01:13:59,233 --> 01:14:01,934 ( choir singing ) 1461 01:14:08,433 --> 01:14:12,834 AND THEN INSIDE THE SERVICE... 1462 01:14:16,000 --> 01:14:18,967 DR. KING SPOKE... 1463 01:14:21,467 --> 01:14:25,533 AND WE TRIED TO NOT CRY AND LISTEN, 1464 01:14:25,533 --> 01:14:29,800 BUT THERE WAS NOT A DRY EYE IN THE HOUSE... 1465 01:14:31,233 --> 01:14:36,667 AND HIS SPEAKING CALMED US... 1466 01:14:37,300 --> 01:14:40,834 AND I THINK THE CRYING HELPED. 1467 01:14:40,834 --> 01:14:43,400 I REMEMBER MARTIN LUTHER KING WHEN HE WAS THERE, 1468 01:14:43,400 --> 01:14:46,400 BUT I CAN'T REMEMBER 1469 01:14:46,400 --> 01:14:48,567 EVERYTHING THAT HE SAID, 1470 01:14:48,567 --> 01:14:51,133 BECAUSE YOU ARE SO HURT, 1471 01:14:51,133 --> 01:14:55,433 YOU'RE SEEING THREE CASKETS AROUND THE CHURCH, 1472 01:14:55,433 --> 01:14:57,900 AROUND THE FRONT PART OF THE CHURCH, 1473 01:14:57,900 --> 01:14:59,934 AND YOU KNOW YOUR SISTER'S 1474 01:14:59,934 --> 01:15:01,934 IN ONE OF THOSE CASKETS. 1475 01:15:01,934 --> 01:15:03,500 YOU CAN'T REALLY LISTEN. 1476 01:15:03,500 --> 01:15:05,667 THE ONLY THING YOU CAN DO IS FEEL, 1477 01:15:05,667 --> 01:15:08,500 AND THERE WAS JUST NOTHING BUT HURT THAT I FELT. 1478 01:15:08,500 --> 01:15:11,834 AND AT SOME POINT HE SAID SOMETHING ABOUT 1479 01:15:11,834 --> 01:15:13,500 "LIFE IS HARD", 1480 01:15:13,500 --> 01:15:15,567 OR "LIFE IS AS HARD AS STEEL". 1481 01:15:15,567 --> 01:15:18,233 THINGS YOU REMEMBER: THE THREE COFFINS, 1482 01:15:18,233 --> 01:15:21,133 THIS GROUP OF HUNDREDS 1483 01:15:21,133 --> 01:15:23,934 OF BLACK AND WHITE MINISTERS 1484 01:15:23,934 --> 01:15:25,233 AND OTHERS, 1485 01:15:25,233 --> 01:15:27,033 FAMOUS PEOPLE. 1486 01:15:27,033 --> 01:15:30,166 "BUT LIFE IS AS HARD AS STEEL". 1487 01:15:30,166 --> 01:15:33,433 NOT AN EXACT QUOTE, BUT HE SAID THAT, THAT WAS THE POINT. 1488 01:15:33,433 --> 01:15:35,266 I'LL NEVER FORGET THAT. 1489 01:15:35,266 --> 01:15:38,834 THE SERVICE WAS SAD, BUT IT WASN'T MORBID. 1490 01:15:38,834 --> 01:15:41,533 BUT IT WAS JUST SUCH A TENDER MOMENT, 1491 01:15:41,533 --> 01:15:43,533 BUT AT THE SAME TIME IT WAS SUCH A SAD MOMENT, 1492 01:15:43,533 --> 01:15:45,667 BECAUSE THE REALIZATION WAS THESE LITTLE GIRLS 1493 01:15:45,667 --> 01:15:48,533 WOULD NEVER GET A CHANCE TO REALIZE LIFE 1494 01:15:48,533 --> 01:15:53,000 BECAUSE OF SOME PERSON'S DECISION TO MAKE THEM 1495 01:15:53,000 --> 01:15:56,800 MAYBE THE VICTIMS OF WHY THE MOVEMENT SHOULD STOP. 1496 01:16:04,200 --> 01:16:06,433 I REMEMBER COMING DOWN THE STEPS 1497 01:16:06,433 --> 01:16:08,834 AT ADDIE'S AND DENISE'S FUNERAL 1498 01:16:08,834 --> 01:16:10,800 AND LETTING GO OF THE CASKET. 1499 01:16:10,800 --> 01:16:12,700 I DON'T KNOW, I JUST LOST SOMETHING. 1500 01:16:12,700 --> 01:16:15,367 THIS WAS ONE OF MY BEST FRIENDS IN LIFE, 1501 01:16:15,367 --> 01:16:18,433 AND I HAD NEVER LOST A BEST FRIEND BEFORE. 1502 01:16:18,433 --> 01:16:21,367 AND JAMES STEWART GRABBED ME AND HELD ME 1503 01:16:21,367 --> 01:16:25,100 'CAUSE I'D LOST COMPLETE FAITH IN HUMANITY, 1504 01:16:25,100 --> 01:16:27,266 I SUPPOSE, AND DIDN'T KNOW IT. 1505 01:16:27,266 --> 01:16:30,667 I REMEMBER BEING VERY, VERY, VERY UPTIGHT... 1506 01:16:31,734 --> 01:16:33,133 AND... 1507 01:16:36,600 --> 01:16:40,000 JUST OVERWHELMED BY SOMETHING. 1508 01:16:40,000 --> 01:16:42,767 AND THE NEXT THING I KNEW, 1509 01:16:42,767 --> 01:16:44,433 SOMEBODY WAS SAYING, 1510 01:16:44,433 --> 01:16:46,533 "YOU PASSED OUT AT THE CEMETERY." 1511 01:16:46,533 --> 01:16:49,467 "DEAR MR. AND MRS. McNAIR, 1512 01:16:49,467 --> 01:16:52,066 "HERE IN THE MIDST OF THE CHRISTMAS SEASON 1513 01:16:52,066 --> 01:16:55,433 "MY THOUGHTS HAVE TURNED TO YOU. 1514 01:16:55,433 --> 01:16:58,266 "THIS HAS BEEN A DIFFICULT YEAR FOR YOU, 1515 01:16:58,266 --> 01:17:00,600 "THE COMING OF CHRISTMAS 1516 01:17:00,600 --> 01:17:03,600 "WHEN THE FAMILY BONDS ARE NORMALLY MORE CLOSELY KNIT 1517 01:17:03,600 --> 01:17:07,100 "MAKES THE LOSS YOU HAVE SUSTAINED 1518 01:17:07,100 --> 01:17:09,033 "EVEN MORE PAINFUL. 1519 01:17:09,033 --> 01:17:11,867 "YET, WITH THE SAD MEMORIES, 1520 01:17:11,867 --> 01:17:14,633 "THERE ARE THE MEMORIES OF THE GOOD DAYS 1521 01:17:14,633 --> 01:17:18,700 "WHEN DENISE WAS WITH YOU AND YOUR FAMILY. 1522 01:17:18,700 --> 01:17:22,467 "AS YOU KNOW, MANY OF US ARE GIVING UP OUR CHRISTMAS 1523 01:17:22,467 --> 01:17:26,100 "OR SEVERELY LIMITING THEM AS A MEMORIAL 1524 01:17:26,100 --> 01:17:28,667 "FOR THE GREAT SACRIFICES MADE THIS YEAR 1525 01:17:28,667 --> 01:17:30,934 "IN THE FREEDOM STRUGGLE. 1526 01:17:30,934 --> 01:17:33,800 "I KNOW THERE IS NOTHING THAT CAN COMPENSATE 1527 01:17:33,800 --> 01:17:36,800 "FOR THE VACANT PLACE IN YOUR FAMILY CIRCLE, 1528 01:17:36,800 --> 01:17:40,266 "BUT WE DID WANT TO SHARE A PART OF OUR SACRIFICE 1529 01:17:40,266 --> 01:17:42,166 "THIS YEAR WITH YOU. 1530 01:17:42,166 --> 01:17:47,100 "PERHAPS THERE IS SOME SMALL THING DEAR TO YOUR HEART 1531 01:17:47,100 --> 01:17:50,633 "IN WHICH THIS GIFT CAN PLAY A PART. 1532 01:17:50,633 --> 01:17:54,300 SINCERELY YOURS, MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR." 1533 01:17:55,066 --> 01:17:58,567 THIS WAS PHOTOGRAPHED MOTHER'S DAY '62. 1534 01:17:58,567 --> 01:18:01,433 WE WERE ON OUR WAY TO CHURCH, SUNDAY SCHOOL, 1535 01:18:01,433 --> 01:18:03,967 AND HE SNAPPED THIS SHOT. 1536 01:18:03,967 --> 01:18:05,533 SHE'S TELLING HIM, "WAIT DADDY, 1537 01:18:05,533 --> 01:18:07,400 I'M NOT READY, YOU'RE TOO FAST." 1538 01:18:07,400 --> 01:18:09,734 AND HE SNAPPED IT ANYWAY. 1539 01:18:09,734 --> 01:18:13,200 AND WE WERE RUNNING LATE SO HE DIDN'T DO IT OVER. 1540 01:18:13,200 --> 01:18:16,667 THESE ARE SOME OF HER COLORING BOOKS AND THINGS 1541 01:18:16,667 --> 01:18:19,166 THAT WE FOUND IN A TRUNK 1542 01:18:19,166 --> 01:18:22,834 THAT WERE MUSTY AND OLD AND TIRED LOOKING. 1543 01:18:22,834 --> 01:18:26,433 SHE LOVED DOLLS AND TOYS, 1544 01:18:26,433 --> 01:18:30,400 AND IF SHE COULD MAKE A TACKY LITTLE SOMETHING 1545 01:18:30,400 --> 01:18:32,967 THAT I CALLED TACKY, THAT SHE DIDN'T CALL TACKY. 1546 01:18:32,967 --> 01:18:35,967 DOLL CLOTHES, PIGGY BANKS, 1547 01:18:35,967 --> 01:18:39,500 JEWELRY, POCKETBOOKS, 1548 01:18:39,500 --> 01:18:41,834 THINGS SHE DID IN SCHOOL. 1549 01:18:41,834 --> 01:18:44,834 AND THIS WAS TAKEN ONE SUNDAY 1550 01:18:44,834 --> 01:18:47,000 IN TUPELO, MISSISSIPPI WHEN WE LIVED DOWN THERE. 1551 01:18:47,000 --> 01:18:48,800 WE HAD COME HOME FROM CHURCH 1552 01:18:48,800 --> 01:18:51,100 AND SHE HAD GOTTEN TIRED OF STAYING, 1553 01:18:51,100 --> 01:18:53,166 BECAUSE WE WOULD GO FOR SUNDAY SCHOOL 1554 01:18:53,166 --> 01:18:54,834 AND IT SEEMED LIKE AN ALL DAY THING. 1555 01:18:54,834 --> 01:18:58,133 AND SHE WENT TO SLEEP, AND SHE WAS VERY WRINKLED. 1556 01:18:58,133 --> 01:19:00,834 AND HER DADDY LIKED THE LITTLE OUTFIT SHE HAD ON, 1557 01:19:00,834 --> 01:19:03,033 SO HE SAID, "I WANT A PICTURE OF THIS." 1558 01:19:03,033 --> 01:19:04,433 I SAID, "WELL LET ME PRESS IT." 1559 01:19:04,433 --> 01:19:06,533 "UH-UH, I WANT IT JUST LIKE IT IS." 1560 01:19:06,533 --> 01:19:09,600 THIS WAS THAT STRANGE BRICK 1561 01:19:09,600 --> 01:19:12,367 THAT PENETRATED HER SKULL 1562 01:19:12,367 --> 01:19:16,934 THAT A FRIEND OF MINE AT THE CEMETERY SAVED 1563 01:19:16,934 --> 01:19:19,066 AND GAVE TO MY MOTHER, 1564 01:19:19,066 --> 01:19:22,400 AND MY MOTHER, SOME YEARS LATER, GAVE TO ME. 1565 01:19:23,600 --> 01:19:27,433 WHEN I WAS GOING TO SCHOOL BEFORE... 1566 01:19:27,433 --> 01:19:30,633 AFTER SHE HAD DIED, WHEN I WAS GOING TO SCHOOL, 1567 01:19:30,633 --> 01:19:33,100 IT WAS LIKE, YOU KNOW HOW YOU JUST-- 1568 01:19:33,100 --> 01:19:36,133 YOU REMEMBER SUCH A GOOD TIME YOU USED TO HAVE ? 1569 01:19:36,133 --> 01:19:39,000 AND YOU KNOW YOU'RE GONNA HAVE A GOOD TIME 1570 01:19:39,000 --> 01:19:40,633 WHEN YOU GO HOME 1571 01:19:40,633 --> 01:19:42,433 BECAUSE YOU'RE GONNA GET WITH YOUR SISTER. 1572 01:19:42,433 --> 01:19:44,467 THAT WAS THE TYPE OF RELATIONSHIP WE HAD. 1573 01:19:44,467 --> 01:19:46,367 I KNEW THAT WHEN I GOT HOME, 1574 01:19:46,367 --> 01:19:49,166 ME AND ADDIE WAS GONNA HAVE US A GOOD TIME PLAYING. 1575 01:19:49,166 --> 01:19:51,667 AND I RUSHED HOME THAT EVENING FROM SCHOOL 1576 01:19:51,667 --> 01:19:55,433 THINKING THAT I WAS RUSHING HOME TO GET WITH ADDIE. 1577 01:19:55,433 --> 01:19:58,767 AND I HAD REMEMBERED THAT ADDIE WAS DEAD. 1578 01:19:58,767 --> 01:20:00,867 AND THAT THING HURTED ME. 1579 01:20:00,867 --> 01:20:02,567 IT HURTED ME SO DEEP 'TILL... 1580 01:20:14,467 --> 01:20:16,400 IT'S NOT EASY, 1581 01:20:16,400 --> 01:20:19,500 BECAUSE WE HAD PUT SO MUCH OF THIS BEHIND US 1582 01:20:19,500 --> 01:20:21,500 AND WE DON'T REMEMBER. 1583 01:20:31,133 --> 01:20:33,333 WE JUST DON'T REMEMBER ANYMORE, 1584 01:20:33,333 --> 01:20:35,367 YOU KNOW WHAT I'M SAYING ? 1585 01:20:35,367 --> 01:20:37,734 BUT YOU KNOW HOW YOU FELT. 1586 01:20:37,734 --> 01:20:40,934 YOU MAY NOT REMEMBER DETAILS OR WHAT... 1587 01:20:42,000 --> 01:20:45,033 STEP BY STEP WHAT I HAD TO GO THROUGH, 1588 01:20:45,033 --> 01:20:47,834 BUT I DO KNOW IT AFFECTED ME... 1589 01:20:48,767 --> 01:20:50,734 SO BAD. 1590 01:20:54,700 --> 01:20:56,700 I DON'T THINK THE WHITE COMMUNITY 1591 01:20:56,700 --> 01:21:00,166 REALLY UNDERSTOOD THE DEPTH OF THE PROBLEM 1592 01:21:00,166 --> 01:21:02,800 AND THE DEPTHS OF THE HATE 1593 01:21:02,800 --> 01:21:06,333 OF THE KLAN AND ITS FRIENDS IN THE SOUTH, 1594 01:21:06,333 --> 01:21:08,500 IN THE NORTH TOO FOR THAT MATTER, 1595 01:21:08,500 --> 01:21:12,133 UNTIL THAT INCREDIBLY 1596 01:21:12,133 --> 01:21:14,233 MEAN-SPIRITED 1597 01:21:14,233 --> 01:21:16,800 TERRIBLE CRIME OF BLOWING UP KIDS 1598 01:21:16,800 --> 01:21:19,467 IN A SUNDAY SCHOOL BASEMENT. 1599 01:21:19,467 --> 01:21:22,600 UP TO THAT TIME, I THINK IT WAS LOOKED AT 1600 01:21:22,600 --> 01:21:24,867 PRIMARILY AS... 1601 01:21:24,867 --> 01:21:29,533 AN INTERESTING KIND OF A SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 1602 01:21:29,533 --> 01:21:31,700 THAT WOULD COME ALONG SOMEHOW OR OTHER 1603 01:21:31,700 --> 01:21:33,800 IN THE GENERATIONS TO COME. 1604 01:21:33,800 --> 01:21:36,266 AT THAT MOMENT THAT THAT BOMB WENT OFF 1605 01:21:36,266 --> 01:21:39,467 AND THOSE FOUR LITTLE GIRLS WERE BLASTED 1606 01:21:39,467 --> 01:21:42,500 AND BURIED IN THE DEBRIS OF THE CHURCH, 1607 01:21:42,500 --> 01:21:46,900 AMERICA UNDERSTOOD THE REAL NATURE OF THE HATE 1608 01:21:46,900 --> 01:21:49,934 THAT WAS PREVENTING INTEGRATION, 1609 01:21:49,934 --> 01:21:51,567 PARTICULARLY IN THE SOUTH, 1610 01:21:51,567 --> 01:21:53,500 BUT ALSO THROUGHOUT AMERICA. 1611 01:21:53,500 --> 01:21:55,734 THIS WAS THE AWAKENING. 1612 01:21:55,734 --> 01:21:59,467 I THINK THAT INCIDENT, 1613 01:21:59,467 --> 01:22:01,767 AS TRAGIC AS IT WAS, 1614 01:22:01,767 --> 01:22:04,467 CONVINCED WHITE AMERICA MORE DEEPLY THAN ANYTHING ELSE, 1615 01:22:04,467 --> 01:22:07,100 WHY THERE HAD TO BE A BIRMINGHAM CONFRONTATION 1616 01:22:07,100 --> 01:22:09,133 AND WHY THERE NEEDED TO BE 1617 01:22:09,133 --> 01:22:12,166 A MARTIN LUTHER KING ON THE ISSUE OF RACE. 1618 01:22:12,166 --> 01:22:16,867 THE BOMBING OF THE CHURCHES IN BIRMINGHAM, 1619 01:22:16,867 --> 01:22:21,200 AND THE DEATH OF THE LITTLE GIRLS, 1620 01:22:21,200 --> 01:22:24,700 WAS JUST AN ACT OF TERRORISM IN MY JUDGMENT. 1621 01:22:24,700 --> 01:22:27,667 AND THOSE ARE IN MANY WAYS, AS WE KNOW TODAY, 1622 01:22:27,667 --> 01:22:30,300 THE HARDEST ONES TO RESOLVE 1623 01:22:30,300 --> 01:22:32,333 AND THE CRUELEST 1624 01:22:32,333 --> 01:22:34,500 BECAUSE THEY DON'T CARE WHO IT IS 1625 01:22:34,500 --> 01:22:36,967 THAT GETS KILLED, 1626 01:22:36,967 --> 01:22:39,266 AS LONG AS THERE'S SOME SYMBOLISM 1627 01:22:39,266 --> 01:22:41,400 IN WHAT THEY'RE DOING. 1628 01:22:41,400 --> 01:22:43,533 IT JUST SEEMED POINTLESS. 1629 01:22:43,533 --> 01:22:46,767 IT WASN'T GONNA STOP THE MOVEMENT. 1630 01:22:48,567 --> 01:22:50,867 IT JUST TOOK THE LIVES 1631 01:22:50,867 --> 01:22:53,033 OF FOUR BEAUTIFUL, INNOCENT LITTLE GIRLS. 1632 01:22:53,934 --> 01:22:58,000 FOUR LOVELY CHILDREN... 1633 01:22:59,367 --> 01:23:03,133 TODAY COULD'VE BEEN SPELLMAN GRADUATES, 1634 01:23:03,133 --> 01:23:05,000 HARVARD GRADUATES, 1635 01:23:05,000 --> 01:23:09,133 COULD HAVE BEEN DOING THINGS IN THEIR COMMUNITY, 1636 01:23:09,133 --> 01:23:13,100 COULD'VE BEEN WONDERFUL DOCTORS, LAWYERS, 1637 01:23:13,100 --> 01:23:17,000 OR JUST PLAIN HARD WORKING PEOPLE. 1638 01:23:17,000 --> 01:23:19,567 BUT HUMAN BEINGS. 1639 01:23:19,567 --> 01:23:22,700 THE BAD NEWS IS FOUR INNOCENT BABIES WERE KILLED. 1640 01:23:22,700 --> 01:23:24,467 THE GOOD NEWS IS 1641 01:23:24,467 --> 01:23:26,934 WERE ABLE TO TRANSFORM A CRUCIFIXION 1642 01:23:26,934 --> 01:23:29,233 INTO A RESURRECTION. 1643 01:23:29,233 --> 01:23:31,667 NEW LIFE, NEW HOPE, NEW ENERGY, 1644 01:23:31,667 --> 01:23:33,600 AND MORE DETERMINATION. 1645 01:23:33,600 --> 01:23:36,934 ( various reporters ) 120 years of history suddenly destroyed... 1646 01:23:36,934 --> 01:23:39,000 Five churches with black congregations 1647 01:23:39,000 --> 01:23:40,934 have burned in Alabama this year. 1648 01:23:40,934 --> 01:23:42,834 Look at some of the damage... 1649 01:23:42,834 --> 01:23:44,767 This is one of dozens of southern, 1650 01:23:44,767 --> 01:23:47,200 predominantly black churches that burned within... 1651 01:23:47,200 --> 01:23:49,333 Just last week somebody torched this church... 1652 01:23:49,333 --> 01:23:52,567 ... wants to know if the fires are racially motivated. 1653 01:23:52,567 --> 01:23:55,967 WHAT'S PAINFUL TO ME AS WE LOOK AT THE STORY TODAY... 1654 01:23:55,967 --> 01:23:58,233 THEY'RE BURNING CHURCHES AGAIN. 1655 01:23:59,533 --> 01:24:02,533 I GUESS MORE THAN ANYTHING THAT REALLY BOTHERED ME 1656 01:24:02,533 --> 01:24:04,633 WAS WHEN I FOUND OUT HOW MANY OTHER CHURCHES HAD BURNED 1657 01:24:04,633 --> 01:24:07,100 SINCE 1994. 1658 01:24:07,100 --> 01:24:09,233 THERE WERE OVER 22 CHURCHES IN THE SOUTH 1659 01:24:09,233 --> 01:24:10,734 THAT HAVE BURNED DOWN. 1660 01:24:10,734 --> 01:24:12,433 PEOPLE KEPT SAYING IT WAS NOT A CONSPIRACY 1661 01:24:12,433 --> 01:24:14,300 AND THINGS LIKE THAT, 1662 01:24:14,300 --> 01:24:16,433 BUT THE THING THAT I BELIEVE IS THAT 1663 01:24:16,433 --> 01:24:18,500 IT'S A CONSPIRACY OF THE MIND. 1664 01:24:18,500 --> 01:24:20,133 ONCE YOU BURN ONE DOWN, 1665 01:24:20,133 --> 01:24:21,734 OTHER PEOPLE ARE GONNA BURN OTHERS DOWN. 1666 01:24:21,734 --> 01:24:24,433 NOW THIS WAS TRUE AFTER THE CIVIL WAR 1667 01:24:24,433 --> 01:24:26,433 WHEN THE KU KLUX KLAN WAS ORGANIZED, 1668 01:24:26,433 --> 01:24:28,133 THEY, TOO, BURNED BLACK CHURCHES. 1669 01:24:28,133 --> 01:24:29,633 THEY HAD A SYMBOL 1670 01:24:29,633 --> 01:24:31,900 WHERE THEY SET THE CROSS OF JESUS ON FIRE. 1671 01:24:31,900 --> 01:24:33,633 THEY'RE STILL DOING IT, 1672 01:24:33,633 --> 01:24:35,667 BUT THE RESULT WILL BE THE SAME. 1673 01:24:35,667 --> 01:24:37,467 WE'RE GONNA REBUILD THOSE CHURCHES 1674 01:24:37,467 --> 01:24:39,433 AND MAKE THEM BIGGER AND STRONGER. 1675 01:24:39,433 --> 01:24:41,433 THE MESSAGE HAS TO BE CLEAR... 1676 01:24:41,433 --> 01:24:42,867 YOU CAN BURN 'EM DOWN, 1677 01:24:42,867 --> 01:24:45,133 BUT NOT FASTER THAN WE CAN BUILD 'EM UP AGAIN. 1678 01:24:45,900 --> 01:24:48,000 ( reporter ) Four young black girls were killed 1679 01:24:48,000 --> 01:24:49,500 in the 1963 bombing 1680 01:24:49,500 --> 01:24:52,000 of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham. 1681 01:24:52,000 --> 01:24:54,500 It was one of a series of bombings in the Birmingham area 1682 01:24:54,500 --> 01:24:56,500 during the late '50's and early '60's, 1683 01:24:56,500 --> 01:24:58,333 and it was never solved. 1684 01:24:58,333 --> 01:25:00,033 Last month a grand jury began 1685 01:25:00,033 --> 01:25:01,700 a new investigation of the bombings 1686 01:25:01,700 --> 01:25:03,500 and yesterday indicted two men. 1687 01:25:03,500 --> 01:25:06,000 One was Robert Chambliss of Birmingham, 1688 01:25:06,000 --> 01:25:08,000 a former Ku Klux Klan member. 1689 01:25:08,000 --> 01:25:09,700 Chambliss, jailed last night, 1690 01:25:09,700 --> 01:25:11,533 is being held without bond 1691 01:25:11,533 --> 01:25:13,533 on four counts of first degree murder. 1692 01:25:13,533 --> 01:25:16,233 I THINK BOB CHAMBLISS WAS RESPONSIBLE 1693 01:25:16,233 --> 01:25:20,667 FOR MORE EVIL THAN ANY OTHER HUMAN BEING... 1694 01:25:21,600 --> 01:25:24,967 IN THE HISTORY OF THIS COUNTY, MAYBE THIS STATE. 1695 01:25:24,967 --> 01:25:26,967 I'M NOT GONNA SAY HE'S THE MOST EVIL MAN, 1696 01:25:26,967 --> 01:25:28,934 'CAUSE WHO AM I TO JUDGE ? 1697 01:25:28,934 --> 01:25:30,934 BUT HE WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR MORE EVIL 1698 01:25:30,934 --> 01:25:32,934 BECAUSE HE, BY HIMSELF, 1699 01:25:32,934 --> 01:25:35,200 WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR NEARLY ALL THE BOMBINGS 1700 01:25:35,200 --> 01:25:36,700 THAT HAPPENED IN BIRMINGHAM 1701 01:25:36,700 --> 01:25:39,266 DURING THE '40's, '50's, '60's. 1702 01:25:39,266 --> 01:25:41,667 HIS NICKNAME WAS "DYNAMITE BOB" 1703 01:25:41,667 --> 01:25:46,000 AND INSTEAD OF BEING SCARED OR WORRIED OR CONCERNED, 1704 01:25:46,000 --> 01:25:47,900 HE WAS PROUD OF IT. 1705 01:25:47,900 --> 01:25:50,734 HE DIDN'T THINK THAT THE POLICE WOULD EVER DO ANYTHING TO HIM, 1706 01:25:50,734 --> 01:25:52,467 THAT HE'D EVER BE TRIED OF ANYTHING. 1707 01:25:52,467 --> 01:25:54,367 HE WORE IT LIKE A BADGE OF HONOR. 1708 01:25:54,367 --> 01:25:55,533 "DYNAMITE BOB." 1709 01:25:55,533 --> 01:25:58,567 I SAW CHAMBLISS STANDING ON THE CORNER 1710 01:25:58,567 --> 01:26:01,066 WATCHING THE EXCITEMENT 1711 01:26:01,066 --> 01:26:03,333 DOWN AT THE 16th STREET BAPTIST CHURCH. 1712 01:26:03,333 --> 01:26:05,667 AND I REMEMBER SAYING TO MYSELF, 1713 01:26:05,667 --> 01:26:08,900 HE'S THE FIREBUG THAT'S COME BACK TO WATCH THE FIRE. 1714 01:26:08,900 --> 01:26:10,567 THIS IS THE COURTROOM 1715 01:26:10,567 --> 01:26:13,667 WHERE BOB CHAMBLISS WAS TRIED 1716 01:26:13,667 --> 01:26:16,066 FOR KILLING FOUR LITTLE GIRLS 1717 01:26:16,066 --> 01:26:18,500 AT THE 16th STREET CHURCH BOMBING. 1718 01:26:18,500 --> 01:26:20,867 THE COURT ROOM IS ARRANGED 1719 01:26:20,867 --> 01:26:23,967 EXACTLY AS IT WAS AT THE TRIAL. 1720 01:26:23,967 --> 01:26:28,467 BOB CHAMBLISS SAT HERE, 1721 01:26:28,467 --> 01:26:30,367 I SAT HERE, 1722 01:26:30,367 --> 01:26:34,967 THE ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL, JOHN YOUNG, SAT HERE, 1723 01:26:34,967 --> 01:26:37,700 AND THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE STATE OF ALABAMA, 1724 01:26:37,700 --> 01:26:38,967 BILL BAXLEY, 1725 01:26:38,967 --> 01:26:41,567 SAT THERE DURING THE PROSECUTION. 1726 01:26:41,567 --> 01:26:44,500 EVER SINCE THE DAY IT HAPPENED, LIKE I SAID, 1727 01:26:44,500 --> 01:26:49,400 I HAD HOPED THAT SOMEDAY I COULD BE A PART OF SOLVING 1728 01:26:49,400 --> 01:26:52,500 OR BRINGING THE PEOPLE THAT DID THAT TO JUSTICE. 1729 01:26:52,500 --> 01:26:55,400 IN FACT, THIS NEVER NEVER HAS BEEN MENTIONED BEFORE, 1730 01:26:55,400 --> 01:26:57,800 BUT I GOT THIS RECORD SHORTLY AFTER THAT, 1731 01:26:57,800 --> 01:27:00,066 OF JOAN BAEZ, WHO WAS ONE OF MY FAVORITES. 1732 01:27:00,066 --> 01:27:04,567 AND SHE HAD A SONG CALLED "BIRMINGHAM SUNDAY" ON THERE. 1733 01:27:04,567 --> 01:27:07,300 AND IT MENTIONED THE FOUR LITTLE GIRLS 1734 01:27:07,300 --> 01:27:11,633 AND ALMOST EVERY MORNING OF MY LIFE 1735 01:27:11,633 --> 01:27:14,333 UNTIL I BECAME ATTORNEY GENERAL, 1736 01:27:14,333 --> 01:27:18,066 I PLAYED THAT JOAN BAEZ SONG OF "BIRMINGHAM SUNDAY". 1737 01:27:18,066 --> 01:27:19,834 IN BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA, 1738 01:27:19,834 --> 01:27:21,400 THE TRIAL OF ROBERT CHAMBLISS, 1739 01:27:21,400 --> 01:27:24,800 CHARGED WITH THE BOMBING OF A BLACK CHURCH IN 1963, 1740 01:27:24,800 --> 01:27:26,734 FOUR YOUNG GIRLS WERE KILLED. 1741 01:27:26,734 --> 01:27:28,533 THE DEFENSE FINISHED TODAY 1742 01:27:28,533 --> 01:27:30,400 AND THE CASE HAS GONE TO THE JURY. 1743 01:27:30,400 --> 01:27:32,333 IN THE FBI DOCUMENTS 1744 01:27:32,333 --> 01:27:36,600 THAT WERE SUBMITTED FROM THE BIRMINGHAM FIELD OFFICE 1745 01:27:36,600 --> 01:27:39,767 IN 1964 AND '65 TO J. EDGAR HOOVER, 1746 01:27:39,767 --> 01:27:43,533 FOUR MEN WERE IDENTIFIED 1747 01:27:43,533 --> 01:27:47,567 AS SUSPECTS BY THE FBI. 1748 01:27:47,567 --> 01:27:49,533 AND ACCORDING TO THE FBI, 1749 01:27:49,533 --> 01:27:51,066 THEY HAD INFORMERS 1750 01:27:51,066 --> 01:27:52,834 WHO SAID THEY HAD GONE TO THE CHURCH THAT NIGHT. 1751 01:27:52,834 --> 01:27:55,333 AND THEY WERE BOB CHAMBLISS, 1752 01:27:55,333 --> 01:27:57,233 TOMMY BLANTIN, JR., 1753 01:27:57,233 --> 01:28:00,433 BOBBY FRANK CHERRY, AND HERMAN CASH. 1754 01:28:00,433 --> 01:28:03,033 OF THOSE FOUR, 1755 01:28:03,033 --> 01:28:06,333 BAXLEY INDICTED ONLY CHAMBLISS, 1756 01:28:06,333 --> 01:28:10,266 BECAUSE HE FELT HE COULD MAKE THE STRONGEST CASE THERE. 1757 01:28:10,266 --> 01:28:12,467 STILL, BY THE TIME WE GOT TO TRIAL 1758 01:28:12,467 --> 01:28:14,533 WE HAD EVIDENCE THAT WE COULDN'T USE. 1759 01:28:14,533 --> 01:28:17,767 WE HAD PEOPLE WHO WOULDN'T TESTIFY. 1760 01:28:17,767 --> 01:28:20,266 IT WAS AN IFFY CASE TO WIN. 1761 01:28:21,533 --> 01:28:24,900 AND I KIND OF FELT LIKE WE MIGHT OUGHTA WAIT 1762 01:28:24,900 --> 01:28:27,266 BECAUSE I STILL FELT LIKE THERE WERE PEOPLE 1763 01:28:27,266 --> 01:28:29,300 THAT STILL MIGHT TALK. 1764 01:28:29,300 --> 01:28:31,400 AND I KNEW THAT IF WE WENT TO TRIAL AND LOST, 1765 01:28:31,400 --> 01:28:33,433 AND THE CASE WAS MARGINAL, 1766 01:28:33,433 --> 01:28:35,967 THEN THEY'D NEVER BE SOLVED. 1767 01:28:36,667 --> 01:28:38,633 SO I WENT TO CHRIS McNAIR, 1768 01:28:38,633 --> 01:28:40,633 WHO AS I SAID WAS A FRIEND OF MINE, 1769 01:28:40,633 --> 01:28:43,200 AND I TOLD HIM THAT WE'D GOTTEN ABOUT AS FAR 1770 01:28:43,200 --> 01:28:45,533 AS WE COULD GO. 1771 01:28:45,533 --> 01:28:48,100 AND I SAID, "CHRIS, WHAT WOULD BE YOUR DESIRE 1772 01:28:48,100 --> 01:28:52,066 "AS ONE OF THE VICTIMS, AS THE FATHER OF DENISE ? 1773 01:28:52,066 --> 01:28:55,233 "WOULD YOU WANT US TO GO AHEAD WITH AN IFFY CASE 1774 01:28:55,233 --> 01:28:57,200 "AND RUN THE RISK OF LOSING, 1775 01:28:57,200 --> 01:29:00,700 OR WAIT AND HOPE SOMEBODY WILL CARRY IT FROM HERE ?" 1776 01:29:00,700 --> 01:29:03,567 AND CHRIS BASICALLY SAID IF IT WASN'T DONE 1777 01:29:03,567 --> 01:29:05,033 IN MY TERM OF OFFICE, 1778 01:29:05,033 --> 01:29:06,900 HE DIDN'T THINK IT WOULD EVER GET DONE. 1779 01:29:06,900 --> 01:29:09,367 AND CHRIS DID ONE OF THE BRAVEST THINGS 1780 01:29:09,367 --> 01:29:11,633 THAT I'VE EVER SEEN ANYONE DO, 1781 01:29:11,633 --> 01:29:14,433 WHICH WAS HE WENT ON THE WITNESS STAND... 1782 01:29:14,433 --> 01:29:16,934 AND THEY BROUGHT HIM... 1783 01:29:18,000 --> 01:29:21,600 THE POSTMORTEM PHOTOGRAPHS OF DENISE. 1784 01:29:22,967 --> 01:29:24,633 AND... 1785 01:29:26,400 --> 01:29:31,133 BECAUSE THEY WANTED THE JURY TO SEE THE LOSS OF A PARENT. 1786 01:29:33,433 --> 01:29:36,633 AND IT'S ONE OF THE MOST RIVETING MOMENTS 1787 01:29:36,633 --> 01:29:40,867 I'VE EVER WITNESSED IN A COURTROOM, OR ANYWHERE, 1788 01:29:40,867 --> 01:29:44,400 WHEN THE PROSECUTOR PRESENTED 1789 01:29:44,400 --> 01:29:48,467 THOSE PHOTOGRAPHS TO CHRIS, 1790 01:29:48,467 --> 01:29:52,066 AND HE... HE DIDN'T SPEAK AT FIRST. 1791 01:29:55,400 --> 01:29:59,934 HELD OUT TO HIM AND HE WENT BACK IN HIS CHAIR 1792 01:29:59,934 --> 01:30:03,934 AS IF HE'D BEEN HIT A BLOW IN THE CHEST 1793 01:30:03,934 --> 01:30:06,266 WITH A HEAVY MALLET. 1794 01:30:06,266 --> 01:30:07,767 AND... 1795 01:30:09,734 --> 01:30:12,633 WITH GREAT CALMNESS THEN, HE SAID, 1796 01:30:12,633 --> 01:30:15,767 "THAT IS MY DAUGHTER, THAT IS DENISE McNAIR." 1797 01:30:17,200 --> 01:30:19,266 I THINK THE BIG BREAK CAME 1798 01:30:19,266 --> 01:30:22,367 WHEN CHAMBLISS' NIECE DECIDED TO TALK. 1799 01:30:22,367 --> 01:30:24,133 AND I'LL NEVER FORGET, 1800 01:30:24,133 --> 01:30:27,100 I WAS SITTING RIGHT BEHIND ART HAINES, JR., ART HAINES, SR., 1801 01:30:27,100 --> 01:30:28,867 AND CHAMBLISS IS BETWEEN THEM, 1802 01:30:28,867 --> 01:30:30,800 AND THE OLD MAN LOOKS OVER HIS SHOULDER 1803 01:30:30,800 --> 01:30:32,767 AND SEES THIS WOMAN WALKING IN, 1804 01:30:32,767 --> 01:30:35,500 AND HE TURNS AROUND AND HIS ATTORNEYS LEAN OVER TO HIM 1805 01:30:35,500 --> 01:30:38,233 AND ASK HIM, "WHO IS THAT ?" 1806 01:30:38,233 --> 01:30:42,333 AND IT'S CLEAR THEY'RE TOTALLY UNPREPARED FOR THIS WITNESS. 1807 01:30:42,333 --> 01:30:44,967 THIS SMALL WOMAN WITH A CROSS, 1808 01:30:44,967 --> 01:30:46,467 SHE WAS A METHODIST MINISTER, 1809 01:30:46,467 --> 01:30:48,333 SHE WALKED UP ON THAT STAND 1810 01:30:48,333 --> 01:30:50,433 AND SHE PUT THAT MAN IN PRISON THAT DAY. 1811 01:30:50,433 --> 01:30:53,700 AND THE GIST OF HER TESTIMONY WAS THIS, 1812 01:30:53,700 --> 01:30:56,934 THAT IN THE DAYS LEADING UP TO THAT BOMBING, 1813 01:30:56,934 --> 01:30:59,900 SHE OPENED A DOOR IN THE BACK OF HIS HOUSE 1814 01:30:59,900 --> 01:31:02,567 AND WALKED IN AND SAW DYNAMITE. 1815 01:31:02,567 --> 01:31:06,433 AND HE BERATED HER FIERCELY FOR DOING THAT. 1816 01:31:06,433 --> 01:31:09,033 AND THEN... 1817 01:31:09,934 --> 01:31:13,233 THEY WERE TALKING ABOUT THE EVENTS IN BIRMINGHAM, 1818 01:31:13,233 --> 01:31:16,000 AND HE WAS ENRAGED BECAUSE HE HAD READ 1819 01:31:16,000 --> 01:31:18,467 IN THE PAPER, I THINK, 1820 01:31:18,467 --> 01:31:22,467 ABOUT A WHITE WOMAN BEING ASSAULTED BY A BLACK MAN 1821 01:31:22,467 --> 01:31:24,867 ON A BUS OR SOMETHING. 1822 01:31:24,867 --> 01:31:26,500 I'VE FORGOTTEN THE DETAILS. 1823 01:31:26,500 --> 01:31:29,633 BUT THIS TWISTED HIM INTO A RAGE AS SHE TOLD IT, 1824 01:31:29,633 --> 01:31:31,500 AND HE SAID, "JUST WAIT 'TILL SUNDAY 1825 01:31:31,500 --> 01:31:35,500 AND THEY'LL BEG US TO SEGREGATE AGAIN." 1826 01:31:35,500 --> 01:31:37,467 THE NIGHT BEFORE... 1827 01:31:38,800 --> 01:31:41,633 WE FINISHED ARGUING THE CASE TO THE JURY, 1828 01:31:41,633 --> 01:31:46,900 WE STARTED THE ARGUMENTS AFTER LUNCH. 1829 01:31:46,900 --> 01:31:49,700 AND I GOT BACK FROM LUNCH 1830 01:31:49,700 --> 01:31:52,333 AND ONE OF MY ASSISTANTS, JOHN YOUNG, 1831 01:31:52,333 --> 01:31:54,967 CALLED ME UP THERE, 1832 01:31:54,967 --> 01:31:57,333 AND I WAS TRYING TO REALLY GET MY THOUGHTS COLLECTED 1833 01:31:57,333 --> 01:31:58,900 FOR THE ARGUMENT, 1834 01:31:58,900 --> 01:32:00,767 AND I DIDN'T WANT TO BE BOTHERED. 1835 01:32:00,767 --> 01:32:02,600 AND HE SAID, "COME HERE, YOU GOTTA SEE SOMETHING." 1836 01:32:02,600 --> 01:32:04,734 HE SAID, "LOOK, ONE OF THE EXHIBITS 1837 01:32:04,734 --> 01:32:07,066 "WAS THE DEATH CERTIFICATE FOR DENISE McNAIR. 1838 01:32:07,066 --> 01:32:08,800 LOOK AT THIS." 1839 01:32:08,800 --> 01:32:12,934 AND THAT DAY WAS DENISE'S BIRTHDAY. 1840 01:32:12,934 --> 01:32:17,066 IN MY FINAL ARGUMENT, I CLOSED BY TELLING 'EM 1841 01:32:17,066 --> 01:32:19,467 THAT BY SOME ACCIDENT OF FATE 1842 01:32:19,467 --> 01:32:23,033 THAT THIS DAY WAS DENISE'S BIRTHDAY. 1843 01:32:23,033 --> 01:32:27,200 AND THEN I WENT ON THAT HAD IT NOT BEEN FOR THIS ACT 1844 01:32:27,200 --> 01:32:30,600 THAT THERE'D PROBABLY BE A PARTY OVER AT THE McNAIRS' HOUSE, 1845 01:32:30,600 --> 01:32:33,633 MAYBE WITH SOME LITTLE GRANDCHILDREN AND THAT BIT. 1846 01:32:33,633 --> 01:32:35,500 AND I CLOSED BY SAYING 1847 01:32:35,500 --> 01:32:38,567 "GIVE DENISE A BIRTHDAY PRESENT, 1848 01:32:38,567 --> 01:32:40,834 BRING HER KILLER TO JUSTICE." 1849 01:32:40,834 --> 01:32:42,834 IT WASN'T TOO LONG, THE NEXT MORNING, 1850 01:32:42,834 --> 01:32:45,166 AFTER THE JURY CAME BACK THAT THEY CAME IN, 1851 01:32:45,166 --> 01:32:47,367 AND I WAS ON THE PHONE WHEN THE JURY CAME IN 1852 01:32:47,367 --> 01:32:50,333 AND I HEARD THE VERDICT OF GUILTY. 1853 01:32:50,333 --> 01:32:53,667 AND I JUST SAID A PRAYER OF THANKSGIVING. 1854 01:32:54,533 --> 01:32:58,000 CHAMBLISS WAS THE MOST PATHOLOGICAL RACIST 1855 01:32:58,000 --> 01:33:00,233 I HAVE EVER ENCOUNTERED. 1856 01:33:00,233 --> 01:33:02,467 HE WAS A CHILLING CHARACTER. 1857 01:33:02,467 --> 01:33:04,567 I VISITED HIM TWICE IN PRISON. 1858 01:33:04,567 --> 01:33:07,266 HE NAMED TO ME FOUR OTHER PEOPLE 1859 01:33:07,266 --> 01:33:09,800 THAT HE SAID HAD PLANTED THE BOMB. 1860 01:33:09,800 --> 01:33:12,700 AND THEY WERE PEOPLE I KNEW BY NAME 1861 01:33:12,700 --> 01:33:14,567 TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE KLAN. 1862 01:33:14,567 --> 01:33:17,300 AND HE BEGAN TO SPRING A LONG NARRATIVE-- 1863 01:33:17,300 --> 01:33:20,533 SPIN A LONG NARRATIVE ABOUT THESE PEOPLE. 1864 01:33:20,533 --> 01:33:23,266 HE DESCRIBED HOW THESE PEOPLE, BY HIS ALLEGATION, 1865 01:33:23,266 --> 01:33:26,233 HAD GONE TO A PLACE ON 3rd AVENUE WEST IN BIRMINGHAM 1866 01:33:26,233 --> 01:33:29,166 AND PHONED IN A PHONY BOMB TIP TO PULL THE POLICE AWAY. 1867 01:33:29,166 --> 01:33:31,767 THEN HE DESCRIBED THE ROUTE THAT THEY HAD DRIVEN 1868 01:33:31,767 --> 01:33:33,867 TO PLANT THE BOMB AT THE CHURCH. 1869 01:33:33,867 --> 01:33:35,900 THEN HE DESCRIBED HOW THEY HAD DRIVEN OVER 1870 01:33:35,900 --> 01:33:37,767 BY BIRMINGHAM SOUTHERN COLLEGE 1871 01:33:37,767 --> 01:33:39,100 AND ARCADELPHIA ROAD 1872 01:33:39,100 --> 01:33:41,433 AND FINDLAY AVENUE TO ESCAPE, 1873 01:33:41,433 --> 01:33:44,500 AND I REALIZED THAT AS HE WAS TELLING THIS, 1874 01:33:44,500 --> 01:33:48,533 HE WAS TELLING ME HOW THEY PLANTED THE BOMB THAT NIGHT. 1875 01:34:01,633 --> 01:34:04,834 OH, THIS IS MY FAVORITE PHOTOGRAPH OF DENISE 1876 01:34:04,834 --> 01:34:07,500 OF ALL THE MANY PICTURES I HAVE OF HER. 1877 01:34:07,500 --> 01:34:09,900 AND WELL, 1878 01:34:09,900 --> 01:34:12,300 I WOULD SAY IT'S MY FAVORITE, 1879 01:34:12,300 --> 01:34:14,567 NUMBER ONE: I THINK IT'S A GOOD PHOTOGRAPH, 1880 01:34:14,567 --> 01:34:16,667 BUT I MADE IT WITH HER LITTLE CAMERA, 1881 01:34:16,667 --> 01:34:18,400 HER LITTLE BROWNIE CAMERA. 1882 01:34:18,400 --> 01:34:20,400 AND SHE WAS SITTING IN THE BED 1883 01:34:20,400 --> 01:34:22,467 PLAYING WITH HER DOLL, 1884 01:34:22,467 --> 01:34:24,700 AND SHE SAID, "MAKE A PICTURE OF ME, DADDY." 1885 01:34:24,700 --> 01:34:26,567 AND I SAID, "WITH THIS CAMERA ?" 1886 01:34:26,567 --> 01:34:28,433 "YEAH, WITH MY CAMERA." 1887 01:34:28,433 --> 01:34:30,433 SO I DID IT, AND IT WAS A FLASHBULB, 1888 01:34:30,433 --> 01:34:33,600 SO THE DISTANCE THAT I WAS FROM HER 1889 01:34:33,600 --> 01:34:36,767 REALLY WAS TOO CLOSE. 1890 01:34:36,767 --> 01:34:38,567 BUT I MADE THE PICTURE 1891 01:34:38,567 --> 01:34:41,033 BECAUSE I WANTED TO FILL THE FRAME UP PRETTY GOOD. 1892 01:34:41,033 --> 01:34:42,934 AND WHEN THE FILM WAS DEVELOPED, 1893 01:34:42,934 --> 01:34:46,667 I SAW THAT THE NEGATIVE WAS WAY OVER-EXPOSED 1894 01:34:46,667 --> 01:34:48,734 AND I NEVER WORRIED ABOUT IT ANYMORE 1895 01:34:48,734 --> 01:34:50,567 UNTIL AFTER SHE DIED. 1896 01:34:50,567 --> 01:34:52,800 AND I WENT BACK THROUGH THE NEGATIVES AND I SAW IT AGAIN, 1897 01:34:52,800 --> 01:34:54,600 AND I REDUCED IT. 1898 01:34:54,600 --> 01:34:56,533 AND THEN I MADE A PRINT OF IT 1899 01:34:56,533 --> 01:34:59,533 AND I REALIZED WHAT A JEWEL I HAD. 1900 01:34:59,533 --> 01:35:02,233 IT WASN'T GOD THAT BROUGHT THE BOMBING ON. 1901 01:35:02,233 --> 01:35:03,800 A LOT OF PEOPLE WOULD THINK, 1902 01:35:03,800 --> 01:35:05,834 WELL, GOD DID THIS AND GOD DID THAT. 1903 01:35:05,834 --> 01:35:08,200 JUST LIKE IT'S A GOD OF GOOD, 1904 01:35:08,200 --> 01:35:11,567 WE HAVE A GOD OF EVIL TOO. 1905 01:35:12,567 --> 01:35:15,467 AND IT'S NO PART OF GOD. 1906 01:35:15,467 --> 01:35:18,767 AND WHEN WE REALIZE THAT GOD HAS OUR BEST INTERESTS 1907 01:35:18,767 --> 01:35:21,767 AND HE HAS A PLAN FOR EACH ONE OF US, 1908 01:35:21,767 --> 01:35:24,266 A PLAN THAT'S GOOD AND NOT FOR EVIL, 1909 01:35:24,266 --> 01:35:28,567 THEN WE CAN BEGIN TO COME AND RECEIVE HEALING. 1910 01:35:28,567 --> 01:35:30,834 A FRIEND OF MINE WHO'S A PASTOR 1911 01:35:30,834 --> 01:35:34,333 SAID, "GOD HAS A WILL FOR EVERYTHING. 1912 01:35:34,333 --> 01:35:38,133 "YOU JUST HAVE TO GO WITH IT. 1913 01:35:38,133 --> 01:35:39,667 "AND YOU CAN'T ASK HIM WHY, 1914 01:35:39,667 --> 01:35:42,133 "BECAUSE HE HAS A DIVINE PLAN. 1915 01:35:42,133 --> 01:35:44,900 "AND YOU KNOW THAT, SO DON'T ASK. 1916 01:35:44,900 --> 01:35:46,867 "JUST GO ON 1917 01:35:46,867 --> 01:35:49,734 AND DO WHAT YOU KNOW IS RIGHT TO DO." 1918 01:35:50,633 --> 01:35:53,834 I WORKED HARD NOT TO FEEL... 1919 01:35:53,834 --> 01:35:56,834 ANGER AND HATRED. 1920 01:35:58,433 --> 01:36:01,500 BUT... I DID. 1921 01:36:01,500 --> 01:36:05,333 AND I JUST HAD TO WORK ON IT. 1922 01:36:05,333 --> 01:36:07,800 AND I HAD TO KIND OF 1923 01:36:07,800 --> 01:36:12,600 KEEP MY SPIRITS UP 1924 01:36:12,600 --> 01:36:17,633 SO THAT I COULD HELP MY HUSBAND TO KEEP HIS UP. 1925 01:36:19,066 --> 01:36:22,533 AND YOU KNOW, THE OTHER FOLK AROUND ME. 1926 01:36:23,467 --> 01:36:26,033 AND WE HAD... 1927 01:36:26,033 --> 01:36:28,967 GOOD FRIENDS AND FAMILY 1928 01:36:28,967 --> 01:36:33,000 WHO GAVE US A LOT OF SUPPORT. 1929 01:36:33,000 --> 01:36:36,100 AND I JUST HAD TO WORK WITH IT AND PRAY. 1930 01:36:37,767 --> 01:36:40,767 ( Spike ) DID IT TAKE A NUMBER OF YEARS FOR THAT TO HAPPEN, 1931 01:36:40,767 --> 01:36:42,867 FOR YOU TO ARRIVE AT THAT ? 1932 01:36:42,867 --> 01:36:46,233 YES, GRADUALLY, IT CAME ABOUT. 1933 01:36:46,233 --> 01:36:47,800 BECAUSE... 1934 01:36:48,767 --> 01:36:52,066 THE HATING OF PEOPLE WASN'T GONNA DO ME ANY GOOD, 1935 01:36:52,066 --> 01:36:55,367 IT WOULD HURT ME WORSE THAN IT WOULD THEM. 1936 01:36:55,367 --> 01:37:01,100 SO I THINK I CONQUERED IT. 1937 01:37:01,100 --> 01:37:04,433 EVERY NOW AND THEN IT STILL COMES OUT, THOUGH. 1938 01:37:04,433 --> 01:37:07,600 NOT HATRED, BUT ANGER. 1939 01:37:07,600 --> 01:37:09,633 ( Spike ) HOW DOES IT COME OUT ? 1940 01:37:11,700 --> 01:37:14,066 WELL, I DON'T KNOW, DIFFERENT WAYS. 1941 01:37:14,066 --> 01:37:17,300 THAT'S A TRICKY QUESTION. 1942 01:37:17,300 --> 01:37:20,266 ( Spike ) I'M NOT TRYING TO BE MIKE WALLACE NOW. 1943 01:37:21,633 --> 01:37:23,667 OR ED BRADLEY, HUH ? 1944 01:37:23,667 --> 01:37:26,200 ( Spike ) OR ED BRADLEY. 1945 01:37:26,200 --> 01:37:28,166 WELL, I GUESS IT'S A QUESTION 1946 01:37:28,166 --> 01:37:31,100 THAT DESERVES AN ANSWER, I GUESS. 1947 01:37:31,100 --> 01:37:34,633 YOU'RE ASKING ME HOW DOES IT COME OUT. 1948 01:37:34,633 --> 01:37:36,500 SOMETIMES IT COMES OUT 1949 01:37:36,500 --> 01:37:39,166 IN WAYS THAT I'M NOT EVEN CONSCIOUS OF. 1950 01:37:39,166 --> 01:37:42,266 YOU'RE THINKING ABOUT SOMETHING 1951 01:37:42,266 --> 01:37:45,000 AND HAVING THE WRONG THOUGHTS 1952 01:37:45,000 --> 01:37:48,633 AND SOMETHING COMES UP AND ANGER EXPRESSES ITSELF. 1953 01:37:49,734 --> 01:37:52,867 BUT I'VE TRIED TO JUST PUT ALL OF THAT BEHIND ME 1954 01:37:52,867 --> 01:37:54,800 AND GO ON AND LIVE. 1955 01:37:54,800 --> 01:37:57,166 BECAUSE IN ADDITION TO THAT, 1956 01:37:57,166 --> 01:37:59,834 SO MANY OTHER THINGS HAVE HAPPENED. 1957 01:38:00,834 --> 01:38:02,900 MY HUSBAND IS GONE, 1958 01:38:02,900 --> 01:38:05,467 MY THREE BROTHERS, MY SISTER, 1959 01:38:05,467 --> 01:38:07,700 MY PARENTS. 1960 01:38:09,266 --> 01:38:13,200 AND OF COURSE I STILL HAVE MY KIDS, MY FAMILY. 1961 01:38:13,200 --> 01:38:17,633 I HAVE TWO, A SON AND A DAUGHTER, 1962 01:38:17,633 --> 01:38:20,700 THREE GRANDCHILDREN 1963 01:38:20,700 --> 01:38:24,300 AND FOUR GREAT GRANDCHILDREN. 1964 01:38:24,300 --> 01:38:28,000 SO I HAVE SOMETHING TO BE THANKFUL FOR AFTER ALL. 1965 01:38:41,800 --> 01:38:46,433 ♪ HMM MMM MMM ♪ 1966 01:38:46,433 --> 01:38:50,567 ♪ MMM HMM MMM ♪ 1967 01:38:53,500 --> 01:38:58,467 ♪ ON A SWEET SEPTEMBER MORNING IN '63 ♪ 1968 01:38:59,333 --> 01:39:05,166 ♪ IN A QUIET BAPTIST CHURCH ON 16th STREET ♪ 1969 01:39:05,166 --> 01:39:09,834 ♪ CHILDREN WERE SITTING IN BIBLE CLASS ♪ 1970 01:39:09,834 --> 01:39:15,934 ♪ WHEN HOODED MEN THREW DYNAMITE THROUGH THE GLASS ♪ 1971 01:39:15,934 --> 01:39:20,433 ♪ AND FOUR... ♪ 1972 01:39:20,433 --> 01:39:23,367 ♪ LITTLE GIRLS ♪ 1973 01:39:27,533 --> 01:39:31,367 ♪ FOUR... ♪ 1974 01:39:31,367 --> 01:39:35,767 ♪ LITTLE GIRLS ♪ 1975 01:39:35,767 --> 01:39:39,467 ♪ LOST THEIR LIVES ♪ 1976 01:39:39,467 --> 01:39:44,734 ♪ LITTLE D. McNAIR WAS ONLY NINE YEARS OLD ♪ 1977 01:39:44,734 --> 01:39:50,600 ♪ AND CAROLE PLAYED THE CLARINET IN SCHOOL SHOWS ♪ 1978 01:39:50,600 --> 01:39:56,000 ♪ CYNTHIA WAS HER MAMA'S ONLY CHILD ♪ 1979 01:39:56,000 --> 01:40:01,633 ♪ AND ADDIE MAE HAD JUST ENROLLED IN JUNIOR HIGH ♪ 1980 01:40:01,633 --> 01:40:06,233 ♪ WHEN FOUR... ♪ 1981 01:40:06,233 --> 01:40:09,266 ♪ LITTLE GIRLS ♪ 1982 01:40:13,367 --> 01:40:17,300 ♪ FOUR... ♪ 1983 01:40:17,300 --> 01:40:21,834 ♪ LITTLE GIRLS ♪ 1984 01:40:21,834 --> 01:40:25,300 ♪ LOST THEIR LIVES ♪ 1985 01:40:25,300 --> 01:40:28,567 ♪ SO MANY LOST IN THE TIDE ♪ 1986 01:40:30,066 --> 01:40:35,000 ♪ THE VIOLENCE AGAINST CIVIL RIGHTS ♪ 1987 01:40:35,000 --> 01:40:39,033 ♪ NEVER FORGET OR FORGIVE ♪ 1988 01:40:39,033 --> 01:40:47,300 ♪ THE SOUL OF A NATION CRIED... ♪ 1989 01:40:47,300 --> 01:40:51,967 ♪ WHEN FOUR... ♪ 1990 01:40:51,967 --> 01:40:56,000 ♪ LITTLE GIRLS ♪ 1991 01:40:58,834 --> 01:41:02,867 ♪ FOUR... ♪ 1992 01:41:02,867 --> 01:41:07,834 ♪ LITTLE GIRLS ♪ 1993 01:41:07,834 --> 01:41:10,834 ♪ NOW WON'T YOU SAY A PRAYER ♪ 1994 01:41:10,834 --> 01:41:14,734 ♪ FOUR... ♪ 1995 01:41:14,734 --> 01:41:17,967 ♪ LITTLE GIRLS ♪ 1996 01:41:19,967 --> 01:41:22,467 ♪ NOW WON'T YOU SAY A PRAYER ♪ 1997 01:41:22,467 --> 01:41:25,867 ♪ SAY A PRAYER ♪ 1998 01:41:25,867 --> 01:41:30,266 ♪ FOUR LITTLE GIRLS ♪ 1999 01:41:31,367 --> 01:41:35,033 ♪ NOW WON'T YOU, NOW WON'T YOU SAY ♪ 2000 01:41:35,033 --> 01:41:37,834 ♪ NOW WON'T YOU SAY ♪ 2001 01:41:37,834 --> 01:41:40,767 ♪ LITTLE GIRLS ♪ 2002 01:41:42,433 --> 01:41:46,000 ♪ NOW WON'T YOU SAY A PRAYER ♪ 2003 01:41:46,000 --> 01:41:48,934 ♪ SAY A PRAYER ♪ 2004 01:41:48,934 --> 01:41:54,300 ♪ FOUR LITTLE GIRLS ♪ 2005 01:41:55,633 --> 01:41:58,533 Captions Copyright 1998 HOME BOX OFFICE 2006 01:41:58,533 --> 01:42:01,767 A Division of TIME WARNER ENTERTAINMENT COMPANY, L.P. 2007 01:42:02,467 --> 01:42:06,000 Captioned by HBO COMMUNICATIONS CENTER