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The plot got complicated this morning,

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with US officials
telling ABC News...

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...that Russian President Putin
was directly involved...

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...in the hacking
Democratic National Committee.

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We have repeatedly expressed
during the last two months...

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...that our source
It is not the Russian government.

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00:01:31,200 --> 00:01:36,410
Vladimir Putin in person
directed the cyberattacks.

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- Do you respect Putin?
- I respect that.

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Really? Why? Putin is a murderer.

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There are many murderers. Do you think that
is our country so innocent?

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- Hello.
-How are you, Mr. President?

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How nice to see you again.

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- I thought I could sit you there.
- It's okay.

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And I'll sit here and see.
Nothing structured.

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And we will improvise.

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There are no rules in this.

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Yes!

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For more than 40 years,
The United States led the West...

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...in the fight against communism...

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...and the threat it represented
for our most precious values.

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This fight shaped lives
of all Americans.

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Forced all nations to live under
the specter of nuclear destruction.

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That confrontation is over.

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For the first time in Russian history,
the supreme power in the country...

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...was transferred in the manner
simpler and more democratic.

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By the will of the people.

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Legally and peacefully.

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I think that many people in
The West doesn't know much about you.

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We would like to know about your past
and where it comes from.

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I know he was born in October 1952...

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...after the war.

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That his mother was a factory worker...

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...and that his father was in the war.

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And I know he lived in an apartment
collective with other families...

35
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...while growing up.

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My mother did not work in a factory

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My father worked in a factory.

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Doing what exactly?

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He graduated from professional school
and worked as an engineer.

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But he was wounded in the war.

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Yes, at the beginning of the war I was
serving in a special unit.

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And then it was sent
to the Armed Forces,

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to one of the most dangerous areas
of the Leningrad Front.

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It was their last child, they had
lost 2 children before me...

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...one during the siege of Leningrad,
during the Great Patriotic War.

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I heard that he had some
juvenile delinquency problems.

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That was a little wild up
who studied Judo at the age of 12.

48
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I had a lot of freedom and I spent
a lot of time in patios and the street.

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I started doing Judo and became
a factor of change in my life for the better.

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You graduated
in high school...

51
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...and I think it was directly
to law school.

52
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Is it the Russian system?

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That's how it is. I finished school,
high school in Leningrad.

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And he directly entered the Faculty of
Law of the University of Leningrad.

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And there he met his first wife?

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His last wife.
Sorry, his only wife.

57
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Well, that was later.
It was seven years later.

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And then he joined the KGB in '75?

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1975. Yes he did, in Leningrad.

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This system existed
job distribution...

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...in Soviet institutions
of higher education.

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So when you graduate
an institution of higher education,

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you had to go to work
where you were assigned.

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Did I have no choice?

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Due to the distribution of jobs,
I was forced to go...

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...but I also wanted to work there.

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In fact, I signed up
at the Faculty of Law...

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...because I wanted
work for the KGB.

69
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Of course I was fascinated by this.

70
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There were Soviet films
about the KGB and intelligence.

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It's true. There were books, movies.

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It's right. You formulated it
very accurately.

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You went to Dresden in 1985 until 1990.

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But the first 10 years,
I spent a lot of time in Leningrad.

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Yes, in Leningrad and Moscow
in special schools.

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East Germany in 1985
Until the 90s it was quite gloomy.

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You know...

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Not exactly gloomy,

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but a frozen society
in the fifties

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It was a strange period.

81
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Did he return to Moscow?
Did you experience Perestroika?

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It was quite understandable
for Gobachev...

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...and his entourage
the country needed changes.

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Today I can say
surely...

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...that they didn't understand
what changes were necessary...

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...and how to achieve them.

87
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But these are Gorbachev's ideas,

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therefore he was influenced by him.

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This is not Gorbachev's idea.

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This idea of utopia was
presented by the French socialists,

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so Gorbachev did not
has nothing to do with this.

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I reiterate that Gorbachev's merit is that
I felt the need for change. It's true.

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And he tried to change the system.

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But the problem is that this system
It was not efficient in its bases.

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How could you change
radically the situation...

96
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...and the system while
do you preserve the country?

97
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That's something that back then
no one knew, including Gorbachev.

98
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And they pushed the country towards a collapse.

99
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The Soviet Union collapsed...

100
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...and the Russian Federation
He trained with Yeltsin.

101
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At the time,

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the Social Security System
was completely destroyed.

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entire sectors of
The economy was stagnant.

104
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The Health System was in ruins.

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The Armed Forces also
They were in a deplorable condition,

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and millions of people had fallen
below the poverty line...

107
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...and we have to remember that too.

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He moved to Moscow in 1996.

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And he became the head of the Bureau
Federal Security for 13 months.

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No, not immediately.

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I moved to Moscow and...

112
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...started to work
in charge of legal matters.

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Subsequently, I was transferred and placed
in charge of the Supervision Directorate.

114
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After that I became the Director
of the Federal Security Office. (FSB)

115
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Therefore, in that role
He must have seen what it was.

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It seems to me that there was a nightmare chaos.

117
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Of course, I witnessed it.
You know what?

118
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I often hear criticism about me...

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I'm sorry for the collapse
of the Soviet Union.

120
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First of all. The most important thing...

121
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...is that after the disintegration
of the Soviet Union,

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25 million Russians met
Abroad in one night.

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And that was one of the biggest
catastrophes of the 20th century.

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People used to live in one country.

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They had relatives, jobs, apartments.

126
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And they had the same rights.

127
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In the blink of an eye
They met abroad.

128
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In our country there were divisions
and then a full-scale civil war.

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In October 1993,
Russia was on the brink of civil war

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with the deputies
of parliament on one side...

131
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...and Boris Yeltsin with
his supporters on the other.

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Yeltsin, who controlled
tank divisions,

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I would give the order to shoot
directly at the parliament building

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with projectiles that hit the
offices of the president of the Supreme Soviet

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and the vice president
who joined the deputies.

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Two days of street fighting
They left hundreds dead and injured.

137
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And of course I saw it,

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especially when I became
Director of the Federal Security Service.

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The United States remains firm
in his support of President Yeltsin

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because he is the leader
democratically elected representative of Russia.

141
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And in 1999, he made his way
to the position of prime minister.

142
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And Yeltsin resigned in 2000.

143
00:10:07,660 --> 00:10:12,840
Just looking, press conferences
and videos of Mr. Yeltsin...

144
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It was obvious...alcohol...illness.

145
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His mind seemed to be...

146
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The way he spoke,
and the way he looked at the camera,

147
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the way he moved,
It seemed like he was catatonic.

148
00:10:26,450 --> 00:10:30,770
You know, I don't think
have the right to do...

149
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...no trial on Gorbachev
or Yeltsin's personality.

150
00:10:38,550 --> 00:10:42,900
Like any of us,
had its problems,

151
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but it also had its strengths.

152
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And one of them was that I never
evaded his personal responsibility.

153
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He knew how to take responsibility.

154
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But what you say is true.

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It's no secret, it was like that.

156
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I'm resigning.

157
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Resigning before the end of my term.

158
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I realize that
It's something I have to do.

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Russia has to start
a new millennium...

160
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...with new politicians, new faces.

161
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With new people,
intelligent, strong and energetic.

162
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Here it is...

163
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...many Prime Ministers
They come and go, and suddenly...

164
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you are the acting Prime Minister.

165
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Now what?

166
00:11:50,700 --> 00:11:53,940
Yes, it's a curious story...

167
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You see, I came to Moscow from Leningrad...

168
00:11:58,550 --> 00:12:05,850
...and in Moscow, I had no
strong support, no contact.

169
00:12:05,850 --> 00:12:08,450
I came in 1996...

170
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...and January 1, 2000
assumed as Interim President.

171
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I don't know why Yeltsin chose me.

172
00:12:17,400 --> 00:12:22,260
But when Yeltsin offered me
the position for the first time, I refused.

173
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Did you refuse? Why?

174
00:12:23,900 --> 00:12:30,000
Yes, he invited me to his office and told me
who wanted to appoint the Prime Minister,

175
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and he wanted me to run for president.

176
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I told him it was a big responsibility,

177
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and that meant that
I would have to change my life,

178
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and I wasn't sure I wanted to do it.

179
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Change your life, in what way?

180
00:12:47,850 --> 00:12:50,600
I mean, he was already a bureaucrat...

181
00:12:50,600 --> 00:12:52,400
...in government for a long time.

182
00:12:52,450 --> 00:12:54,400
Well, it's a very different story.

183
00:12:55,900 --> 00:12:59,150
It's very different when you are
a bureaucrat, even a high-level one,

184
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can almost live a normal life.

185
00:13:04,650 --> 00:13:10,900
You can see your friends, go to the cinema and the theater,

186
00:13:10,900 --> 00:13:15,900
and not take responsibility for
the destiny of millions of people...

187
00:13:15,900 --> 00:13:18,800
...and for everything that
is happening in the country.

188
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And take responsibility for Russia in that
So it was a very difficult thing to do.

189
00:13:24,900 --> 00:13:28,300
Honestly, I didn't know...

190
00:13:28,300 --> 00:13:33,150
...what were the plans of the
President Yeltsin with respect to me.

191
00:13:34,200 --> 00:13:37,000
And I didn't know how long I would be there.

192
00:13:37,800 --> 00:13:41,400
Because at any time the President
could tell me, "You're fired"

193
00:13:41,400 --> 00:13:44,200
And there was only one thing I thought about:

194
00:13:44,200 --> 00:13:46,300
"Where to hide my daughters?"

195
00:13:46,350 --> 00:13:47,220
Really?

196
00:13:47,220 --> 00:13:48,970
- Yeah. How do you think I felt?
- What did he do?

197
00:13:48,970 --> 00:13:54,270
Imagine, if they fired me,

198
00:13:54,270 --> 00:13:56,400
He didn't have any bodyguard. Nothing.

199
00:13:56,400 --> 00:13:58,400
And what would I do? How was I going to live?

200
00:13:58,400 --> 00:14:00,900
How would I protect my family?

201
00:14:02,900 --> 00:14:11,400
And then I decided if that was my destiny,
then I would go to the end.

202
00:14:14,200 --> 00:14:19,700
And I didn't know that I
would become President.

203
00:14:19,700 --> 00:14:22,200
There were no guarantees of that.

204
00:14:23,330 --> 00:14:27,410
Yes, but he saw his wife
and daughters during this period?

205
00:14:27,410 --> 00:14:33,010
No. Well, I came home very late.
and I went to work very early.

206
00:14:33,010 --> 00:14:37,000
But of course,
I saw them for a brief moment.

207
00:14:37,350 --> 00:14:40,400
And does he get up at four in the morning?
Have you ever slept?

208
00:14:40,400 --> 00:14:43,900
No, I never get up at 4 am.

209
00:14:43,900 --> 00:14:51,600
I go to bed at 12 am or 1 - 1:30 am
and wake up at 7 am.

210
00:14:51,660 --> 00:14:52,540
Really?

211
00:14:52,540 --> 00:14:55,300
I always slept for 6 -7 hours.

212
00:14:55,400 --> 00:14:57,500
- No nightmares?
- No.

213
00:14:57,500 --> 00:15:01,900
 �This is a discipline of your experience
military, from his experience in the KGB?

214
00:15:01,900 --> 00:15:07,500
I think it's thanks to sport
and military service, of course.

215
00:15:07,600 --> 00:15:12,370
 �His theory of life, they say,
Is it summarized in the philosophy of judo?

216
00:15:12,370 --> 00:15:13,450
Yes.

217
00:15:14,580 --> 00:15:15,790
It's not too complicated.

218
00:15:15,790 --> 00:15:20,000
The main idea is the flexible form.

219
00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:22,900
You have and must be flexible.

220
00:15:22,900 --> 00:15:24,900
Sometimes you have to give up space,

221
00:15:24,900 --> 00:15:28,600
If that is the way to victory.

222
00:15:29,100 --> 00:15:30,700
You have a lot of discipline, Lord.

223
00:15:30,700 --> 00:15:36,000
The point is that without discipline
It would be difficult to work.

224
00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:41,650
The strength would be lacking
address current issues,

225
00:15:41,650 --> 00:15:43,900
and much less the strategic ones.

226
00:15:46,340 --> 00:15:48,600
You always have to
keep you in shape.

227
00:15:50,200 --> 00:15:52,400
Well then,
We are now in 2000.

228
00:15:52,400 --> 00:15:56,500
He has become President
with the vote of 53 percent.

229
00:15:56,500 --> 00:15:58,040
It was not expected to resist.

230
00:15:58,040 --> 00:16:00,730
You were president of a country
in a dark time.

231
00:16:00,730 --> 00:16:03,600
The
Chechen war, it looks very bad.

232
00:16:03,600 --> 00:16:05,600
It's true.

233
00:16:05,600 --> 00:16:08,450
Furthermore, the second Chechen war...

234
00:16:08,450 --> 00:16:12,250
...started in August 1999.

235
00:16:13,400 --> 00:16:17,450
And it was a test for the country.

236
00:16:18,450 --> 00:16:22,150
I had to assume the
responsibility for this situation.

237
00:16:22,500 --> 00:16:25,280
One side says it is
fighting terrorism,

238
00:16:25,280 --> 00:16:28,290
the other says he fights
for independence.

239
00:16:28,290 --> 00:16:32,120
And all the time, the bodies lie in
the streets among the rubble of war.

240
00:16:32,120 --> 00:16:33,620
This is not the Middle East.

241
00:16:33,620 --> 00:16:36,540
This is the breaking of the
Russian Republic of Chechnya,

242
00:16:36,540 --> 00:16:39,290
little mentioned,
but no less horrifying.

243
00:16:39,290 --> 00:16:42,900
I would really like to,
according to Russian tradition,

244
00:16:43,700 --> 00:16:47,340
with the tradition of the sacred
Dagestan, where we are today,

245
00:16:48,140 --> 00:16:53,340
lift this glass and drink to the
memory of those who have died.

246
00:16:53,540 --> 00:16:55,540
One second, just one second.

247
00:16:56,240 --> 00:16:58,900
That's why I would like
propose the following:

248
00:17:00,600 --> 00:17:05,600
We will certainly raise
our glasses for them, without a doubt.

249
00:17:06,920 --> 00:17:09,000
But we will do it later.

250
00:17:10,050 --> 00:17:16,000
Later, when these crucial tasks
that everyone knows are finished.

251
00:17:17,910 --> 00:17:21,410
Many things are attributed to him
good results from his first term.

252
00:17:21,410 --> 00:17:23,330
He built industries...

253
00:17:23,330 --> 00:17:28,700
electronics, engineering, petrochemicals, agriculture.

254
00:17:28,700 --> 00:17:32,370
GDP increased,
increased income.

255
00:17:32,370 --> 00:17:34,040
I reformed the army.

256
00:17:34,910 --> 00:17:37,370
Solved the Chechen war.

257
00:17:37,370 --> 00:17:39,620
Privatization was stopped.

258
00:17:39,620 --> 00:17:41,120
A true son of Russia.

259
00:17:41,750 --> 00:17:43,200
Well, it's not exactly like that.

260
00:17:45,200 --> 00:17:47,750
I didn't stop privatization.

261
00:17:47,750 --> 00:17:51,700
I just wanted to do it
more equitable, fairer.

262
00:17:51,700 --> 00:17:58,250
I did everything so that the property
of the State would not be sold for anything.

263
00:17:58,250 --> 00:18:06,150
We put a stop to some schemes,
which led to the creation of oligarchs.

264
00:18:06,150 --> 00:18:10,650
These schemes allowed some
Become billionaires in an instant.

265
00:18:10,650 --> 00:18:12,650
And it also led to a situation
in which the Government...

266
00:18:12,650 --> 00:18:14,800
...or lost control
of strategic industries...

267
00:18:14,800 --> 00:18:16,900
...or just took
to the destruction of industries.

268
00:18:16,900 --> 00:18:23,200
So my goal
It was not to stop privatization,

269
00:18:23,200 --> 00:18:29,600
but to make it more systemic, more equitable.

270
00:18:30,330 --> 00:18:33,580
The oligarchs underestimated him.

271
00:18:33,580 --> 00:18:37,370
And when he became president,
They didn't think it would last.

272
00:18:37,800 --> 00:18:41,500
You see, oligarchs are different.

273
00:18:41,500 --> 00:18:45,900
They were notified that no one was
trying to infringe on their property.

274
00:18:45,900 --> 00:18:48,700
Quite the opposite,
The Government would protect their assets,

275
00:18:48,700 --> 00:18:52,500
even if the previous laws
they would have been unfair.

276
00:18:52,500 --> 00:18:54,600
But the law is always the law.

277
00:18:54,600 --> 00:18:58,100
That's one of the rules too.
"The law is always the law."

278
00:18:58,100 --> 00:19:03,100
I told business leaders,
in an open discussion.

279
00:19:03,100 --> 00:19:06,550
The existing schemes
will be progressively eliminated.

280
00:19:06,550 --> 00:19:09,450
The laws are supposed to
They must be more fair and equitable.

281
00:19:09,450 --> 00:19:12,550
The business is to assume
more social responsibility.

282
00:19:12,550 --> 00:19:15,900
And many businessmen,
the overwhelming majority of them,

283
00:19:15,900 --> 00:19:18,900
They adapted to the new laws.
They felt comfortable with them.

284
00:19:19,800 --> 00:19:21,700
You know who wasn't happy with this?

285
00:19:22,010 --> 00:19:27,900
Those who earn their millions
or billions...

286
00:19:27,900 --> 00:19:32,000
...no thanks to his talents,

287
00:19:32,000 --> 00:19:37,300
but for his ability to force
good relations with the Government.

288
00:19:37,940 --> 00:19:42,250
But there were only a handful of them.

289
00:19:42,700 --> 00:19:44,990
Reduced the poverty rate by two thirds.

290
00:19:44,990 --> 00:19:46,430
That's right.

291
00:19:46,530 --> 00:19:49,620
Respect for the elderly, pensions.

292
00:19:50,820 --> 00:19:53,520
Yes, considerably.

293
00:19:53,670 --> 00:19:57,200
In 2000, 700 rubles
was the average income,

294
00:19:57,200 --> 00:20:00,040
in 2012, 29,000 rubles.

295
00:20:00,040 --> 00:20:01,160
Yes, it is correct.

296
00:20:01,310 --> 00:20:03,450
Immensely popular in 2004,

297
00:20:03,450 --> 00:20:05,700
is re-elected with
70 percent of the votes.

298
00:20:05,700 --> 00:20:07,040
A little more than that.

299
00:20:07,040 --> 00:20:10,080
And in 2008, because only
two mandates are allowed,

300
00:20:10,080 --> 00:20:12,790
he becomes the prime minister.

301
00:20:12,790 --> 00:20:15,000
Surely, he worked with dedication
when he was Prime Minister too.

302
00:20:15,000 --> 00:20:19,300
Yes, I worked a lot and
with quite a bit of success in general.

303
00:20:19,300 --> 00:20:22,200
But at that time, the President of
Russia was someone else, not me.

304
00:20:22,200 --> 00:20:29,300
I know the opinions about this period
in our country and abroad.

305
00:20:31,000 --> 00:20:33,400
I must say that President Medvedev...

306
00:20:33,400 --> 00:20:37,200
...carried out all
their functions independently.

307
00:20:38,600 --> 00:20:41,300
Only one person can
be the President of the country.

308
00:20:41,300 --> 00:20:43,300
The one who is elected by the people.

309
00:20:43,950 --> 00:20:51,500
And in 2012, he runs for president
and wins with...�63 percent?

310
00:20:51,500 --> 00:20:53,580
Yes, you are right.

311
00:20:53,580 --> 00:20:58,200
Three times president.
Five assassination attempts, they tell me.

312
00:20:58,200 --> 00:21:01,330
Not as much as Castro, whom I interviewed.

313
00:21:01,330 --> 00:21:03,300
I think there must be
I was like 50 but...

314
00:21:03,340 --> 00:21:05,370
...there are five confirmed
the ones I've heard about.

315
00:21:05,370 --> 00:21:08,000
Yes, I have spoken with Castro about that.

316
00:21:09,080 --> 00:21:11,600
And he said to me: "Do you know why I'm still alive?"

317
00:21:11,600 --> 00:21:12,700
I asked him, "Why?"

318
00:21:13,450 --> 00:21:16,600
"Because I always took care
personally of my safety."

319
00:21:18,100 --> 00:21:22,200
I do my work,

320
00:21:22,200 --> 00:21:25,900
and Security Officers
they make theirs,

321
00:21:25,900 --> 00:21:28,200
and they continue to do so satisfactorily.

322
00:21:28,300 --> 00:21:29,950
In other words,
you trust your safety...

323
00:21:29,950 --> 00:21:31,950
...and they have done a great job.

324
00:21:31,950 --> 00:21:33,380
I trust them.

325
00:21:33,580 --> 00:21:36,300
Because always,
the first mode of murder...

326
00:21:36,300 --> 00:21:39,700
...is to infiltrate the
security of the President.

327
00:21:39,700 --> 00:21:40,940
I know.

328
00:21:41,500 --> 00:21:44,140
Do you know what they say among Russians?

329
00:21:44,140 --> 00:21:47,740
They say that those who are destined
to be hanged they are not going to drown.

330
00:21:50,290 --> 00:21:51,700
What is your destiny, Lord?

331
00:21:51,700 --> 00:21:53,100
Do you know?

332
00:21:53,100 --> 00:21:56,630
Only God knows our destiny...
yours and mine.

333
00:21:57,120 --> 00:21:58,310
Maybe...die in bed.

334
00:21:58,310 --> 00:22:01,710
One day this will happen to us
happen to all of us.

335
00:22:01,710 --> 00:22:04,210
The question is what have we achieved...

336
00:22:04,210 --> 00:22:08,310
...by then in this passing world?
What if we have enjoyed our life?

337
00:22:13,500 --> 00:22:15,450
He had a difficult day.

338
00:22:15,450 --> 00:22:17,080
It's been a while. I'm glad to see you.

339
00:22:20,830 --> 00:22:23,040
I think last June...

340
00:22:23,040 --> 00:22:25,160
...it was the last time I saw him.

341
00:22:27,160 --> 00:22:28,910
Did he miss me?

342
00:22:31,530 --> 00:22:34,100
I cried from time to time,
but finally we are here.

343
00:22:34,250 --> 00:22:36,330
I'm sure he cried for other things.

344
00:22:36,330 --> 00:22:38,660
Excuse me, I feel a little sleepy.

345
00:22:38,660 --> 00:22:41,040
I think it was the time change.

346
00:22:41,040 --> 00:22:43,000
Well, I envy you.

347
00:22:43,000 --> 00:22:44,500
How was your day?

348
00:22:44,500 --> 00:22:47,000
Working. I met with my colleagues,

349
00:22:47,000 --> 00:22:51,000
we talk about politics
internal and security.

350
00:22:51,000 --> 00:22:55,300
Economic matters.
I spoke with the Minister of Finance.

351
00:22:55,300 --> 00:22:59,200
I also spoke with my Assistant
of Economic Affairs.

352
00:22:59,200 --> 00:23:01,100
That's all.

353
00:23:01,100 --> 00:23:03,300
I met with the President of Parliament,

354
00:23:03,300 --> 00:23:06,600
Minister of Defense,
also the Minister of the Interior.

355
00:23:06,700 --> 00:23:09,610
Heavens! Well, then you didn't have
a cabinet meeting, right?

356
00:23:09,610 --> 00:23:10,530
No, not today.

357
00:23:10,530 --> 00:23:14,000
They told me there was a meeting
of the National Security Council, right?

358
00:23:14,000 --> 00:23:20,830
Exactly, a long time ago
I have created a small group...

359
00:23:20,830 --> 00:23:24,330
...formed by heads of the Secret Services
and Security Agencies...

360
00:23:24,330 --> 00:23:27,630
...and we call it the meeting of the
Security Council in Russia.

361
00:23:27,700 --> 00:23:29,830
I see. A crisis or something similar?

362
00:23:29,830 --> 00:23:32,470
No, it's a regular meeting.
It happens once a week.

363
00:23:32,500 --> 00:23:34,000
Well I'm just asking
out of curiosity...

364
00:23:34,000 --> 00:23:36,340
...because normally we are
scheduled for 3:00 p.m....

365
00:23:36,340 --> 00:23:39,500
and it's six hours and forty
minutes later.

366
00:23:39,500 --> 00:23:42,300
I knew you had to
rest and sleep a little.

367
00:23:45,660 --> 00:23:47,080
No, but I'm saying, there's always...

368
00:23:47,080 --> 00:23:48,570
Are there crises that appear?

369
00:23:48,570 --> 00:23:50,040
Things that are not scheduled?

370
00:23:50,040 --> 00:23:54,800
No, there is no crisis.
It's just routine work.

371
00:23:54,800 --> 00:23:58,600
But one thing leads to another.
It's like a chain.

372
00:23:58,600 --> 00:24:04,250
When you plan a
10 minute meeting,

373
00:24:04,250 --> 00:24:08,750
but with questions after questions,
10 minutes become an hour.

374
00:24:08,750 --> 00:24:12,200
And it is very difficult to end
to this chain of events.

375
00:24:12,250 --> 00:24:14,530
That leads to my big question,

376
00:24:14,530 --> 00:24:16,620
because with my producer here, Fernando,

377
00:24:16,620 --> 00:24:18,200
we were talking about you before,

378
00:24:18,200 --> 00:24:20,750
and said that you are an excellent CEO,

379
00:24:20,750 --> 00:24:24,400
CEO of a company...

380
00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:25,650
Russia is your company.

381
00:24:25,650 --> 00:24:28,160
Analyze, face these problems...

382
00:24:28,160 --> 00:24:30,290
...and try to solve them on the spot.

383
00:24:30,290 --> 00:24:33,100
Yes, I think that is the case.

384
00:24:33,150 --> 00:24:36,200
Let's say the problem is this,
and you go into the detail,

385
00:24:36,200 --> 00:24:39,620
and the detail sometimes becomes smaller,
and you make a micro-detail,

386
00:24:39,620 --> 00:24:43,450
and the micro-detail has another
minimal detail, and before you notice it...

387
00:24:43,450 --> 00:24:46,500
...has lost the forest
For the trees, as they say.

388
00:24:46,500 --> 00:24:49,630
That can be very irritating. probably
he could go to bed at night...

389
00:24:49,630 --> 00:24:52,530
...without having solved some of these
issues and that really reveal it.

390
00:24:53,130 --> 00:24:55,130
These are not unresolved issues,

391
00:24:55,130 --> 00:24:57,600
but of the process itself
to solve those problems

392
00:24:57,600 --> 00:25:00,050
I try to make it more creative.

393
00:25:00,050 --> 00:25:04,150
Imagine a painter is working
and it's time for dinner,

394
00:25:04,150 --> 00:25:06,650
and he just left the picture and goes to dinner.

395
00:25:08,450 --> 00:25:09,900
But that's not how it happens.

396
00:25:11,150 --> 00:25:16,500
The painter tries to complete something and only then
After that he is ready to rest a little.

397
00:25:16,560 --> 00:25:18,000
Are you saying you need to complete something?

398
00:25:18,000 --> 00:25:19,900
Yes, I have to have this
sense of accomplishment.

399
00:25:19,900 --> 00:25:24,800
I'm not trying to compare myself
with a creative professional...

400
00:25:24,800 --> 00:25:28,100
...but the search
of the answers is similar...

401
00:25:28,100 --> 00:25:32,300
...to the process they carry out
creative professionals.

402
00:25:32,500 --> 00:25:34,900
Which brings us to a big problem...

403
00:25:34,900 --> 00:25:38,190
is that he was doing this
as President, Prime Minister,

404
00:25:38,190 --> 00:25:40,780
and now President again,
for 15 years.

405
00:25:40,800 --> 00:25:43,620
I'm sure you know
the story of Ronald Reagan,

406
00:25:43,620 --> 00:25:47,000
one of the most admired presidents,
by the conservatives, in my country.

407
00:25:47,000 --> 00:25:50,120
He was famous for sticking to his schedule,

408
00:25:50,900 --> 00:25:53,320
that required him, the majority
of the nights, returning home...

409
00:25:53,320 --> 00:25:55,870
...at six from the White House...

410
00:25:55,870 --> 00:26:00,200
...and have early dinner
and watch television with his wife.

411
00:26:00,500 --> 00:26:02,200
He is a happy man.

412
00:26:03,200 --> 00:26:04,800
Very well organized,

413
00:26:04,800 --> 00:26:07,900
and without a doubt, that was his great achievement.

414
00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:11,290
That's my point, is that he was a smiling man.

415
00:26:11,290 --> 00:26:14,200
He was a great host
and knowledgeable.

416
00:26:14,200 --> 00:26:17,410
I was very happy eating gummies

417
00:26:17,410 --> 00:26:19,400
and telling a good joke.

418
00:26:19,950 --> 00:26:23,720
Although Reagan was a great believer
in the delegation of authority,

419
00:26:24,420 --> 00:26:26,660
to everyone around him.

420
00:26:26,660 --> 00:26:29,700
I'm only mentioning that example because...

421
00:26:29,700 --> 00:26:31,400
...it's another way of living.

422
00:26:32,100 --> 00:26:34,500
Two issues need to be addressed.

423
00:26:34,500 --> 00:26:36,150
You have to find the right people,

424
00:26:36,150 --> 00:26:38,550
and then you have to delegate
authority in them.

425
00:26:38,650 --> 00:26:40,200
Well, it seems to me that you are doing it
in the hardest way.

426
00:26:40,200 --> 00:26:44,200
Well, it's probably, and yet I understand it
and it's something I aspire to do.

427
00:26:44,200 --> 00:26:47,300
But there is a big difference between us.

428
00:26:47,300 --> 00:26:50,300
Ronald Reagan was the boss
of the United States.

429
00:26:50,300 --> 00:26:54,600
And be that as it may, their problems
in the United States

430
00:26:54,600 --> 00:27:00,150
They were not comparable
those we face in Russia

431
00:27:00,150 --> 00:27:03,200
in the late nineties
and early 2000s.

432
00:27:03,300 --> 00:27:04,800
Well, Reagan would disagree.

433
00:27:04,800 --> 00:27:06,910
I would say that America was broke,

434
00:27:06,910 --> 00:27:08,920
and that had to be fixed,

435
00:27:08,920 --> 00:27:10,660
and it was dawn in America
again,

436
00:27:10,660 --> 00:27:14,820
and it was his job to carry energy
positive to the United States.

437
00:27:14,820 --> 00:27:17,700
And he did a good job
when realizing that feeling.

438
00:27:17,700 --> 00:27:19,400
It's a feeling. It's an illusion.

439
00:27:19,900 --> 00:27:24,300
Being almost bankrupt and bankrupt
They are two completely different things.

440
00:27:27,300 --> 00:27:29,600
Well actually,
some people would say...

441
00:27:29,600 --> 00:27:31,540
...that Reagan went bankrupt even more
to the United States...

442
00:27:31,540 --> 00:27:33,880
because the debt grew enormously.

443
00:27:33,880 --> 00:27:36,600
Yes, of course.
Today it is, �18 trillion dollars?

444
00:27:36,700 --> 00:27:38,410
I forgot.

445
00:27:38,410 --> 00:27:41,150
- Russia's is one billion, right?
- Yes, $18 trillion.

446
00:27:41,150 --> 00:27:45,950
12 percent of Russia's GDP.

447
00:27:45,950 --> 00:27:48,100
- 18 trillion dollars?
- Yes.

448
00:27:48,500 --> 00:27:50,040
and approximately
a trillion from Russia.

449
00:27:50,300 --> 00:27:53,900
It is important to remember
participation in GDP.

450
00:27:53,900 --> 00:27:58,430
In the United States the share of debt
compared to GDP it is 100 percent.

451
00:27:59,600 --> 00:28:03,100
Our debt is minimal.
It's 12 to 13 percent.

452
00:28:03,100 --> 00:28:07,450
At the same time, we have a level
considerably higher reserves.

453
00:28:07,450 --> 00:28:11,700
$360 billion, in the reserves of the Central Bank.

454
00:28:11,700 --> 00:28:14,000
The Government also has
two Reserve Funds...

455
00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:18,200
$80 billion and another of $70 billion,

456
00:28:19,500 --> 00:28:24,550
with which we finance our
small budget deficit.

457
00:28:25,930 --> 00:28:29,600
Food prices rose
20 percent in 2015,

458
00:28:29,600 --> 00:28:33,300
and inflation was 13 percent.

459
00:28:33,600 --> 00:28:35,400
12.9 percent.

460
00:28:35,620 --> 00:28:39,200
- 12.9 percent to be more precise.
- Well. Well.

461
00:28:39,200 --> 00:28:41,600
What is the Central Bank of Russia?

462
00:28:41,600 --> 00:28:42,450
What are you doing?

463
00:28:42,800 --> 00:28:48,100
The Central Bank adheres to a policy
very balanced monetary

464
00:28:48,100 --> 00:28:53,450
and responds to the requirements of organizations
international financial,

465
00:28:53,450 --> 00:28:56,300
including the International Monetary Fund.

466
00:28:56,370 --> 00:28:57,990
I thought you didn't have anything pending.

467
00:28:57,990 --> 00:28:59,700
They told me that I had no debts with the IMF,

468
00:28:59,700 --> 00:29:04,600
No debt.
I'm not talking about our debt.

469
00:29:04,600 --> 00:29:09,150
By the way, Russia not only canceled
their debts with the IMF,

470
00:29:09,150 --> 00:29:14,230
but we also cancel the debts
of all the former Soviet republics,

471
00:29:16,860 --> 00:29:20,850
including those of Ukraine,
equivalent to 16 billion dollars.

472
00:29:22,150 --> 00:29:24,150
I'm talking about our monetary policy.

473
00:29:24,600 --> 00:29:28,750
We are in contact with Ms. Lagarde
and other IMF officials.

474
00:29:28,750 --> 00:29:31,750
We inform them what we are doing.

475
00:29:31,750 --> 00:29:33,950
We listen to your recommendations.

476
00:29:33,950 --> 00:29:37,500
And I know very well that leadership
of the IMF grants...

477
00:29:37,500 --> 00:29:41,750
...a positive assessment of politics
of the Central Bank of Russia.

478
00:29:41,750 --> 00:29:43,600
Your evaluation is positive.

479
00:29:44,080 --> 00:29:48,420
He still talks as if the IMF
was a partner of Russia.

480
00:29:48,420 --> 00:29:51,700
Act as if Wall Street
I would like Russia to be successful,

481
00:29:51,700 --> 00:29:53,050
and I question that.

482
00:29:53,050 --> 00:29:54,950
And I ask him,

483
00:29:54,950 --> 00:29:59,290
 �Wall Street is actively working
to destroy the Russian economy,

484
00:29:59,290 --> 00:30:01,200
in the interest of the United States?

485
00:30:02,300 --> 00:30:06,300
I'm not talking about Wall Street
right now.

486
00:30:06,300 --> 00:30:11,350
I'm talking about the Administration
of the United States.

487
00:30:11,350 --> 00:30:14,530
Then certainly the Administration
of America has been watching,

488
00:30:14,530 --> 00:30:18,150
especially lately,
to Russia as a rival.

489
00:30:31,340 --> 00:30:34,000
This is the throne room.

490
00:30:34,290 --> 00:30:36,340
That is the throne of the Tsar...

491
00:30:36,340 --> 00:30:38,000
- ...and the Tsarina's throne...
- Yes.

492
00:30:38,000 --> 00:30:40,540
- ...and also for the Empress Dowager.
- Yes.

493
00:30:42,250 --> 00:30:44,500
They say he wants to be a Tsar.

494
00:30:44,500 --> 00:30:47,160
This is... you are the new Tsar.

495
00:30:47,160 --> 00:30:48,990
They had covers in magazines out there...

496
00:30:48,990 --> 00:30:51,120
You laugh, right?

497
00:30:51,320 --> 00:30:54,860
They like that idea
and that's probably why they say it.

498
00:30:55,330 --> 00:30:56,000
Yeah.

499
00:30:57,200 --> 00:31:01,450
They can't be undone
of these old stereotypes.

500
00:31:01,500 --> 00:31:05,250
But he allowed Charlie Rose
make a comment...

501
00:31:05,250 --> 00:31:07,750
...when he said,"he has all the power...

502
00:31:07,750 --> 00:31:09,660
...can do whatever he wants."

503
00:31:09,660 --> 00:31:11,500
I made it very clear, and then...

504
00:31:11,500 --> 00:31:13,500
'Cause that's the way
many Americans think.

505
00:31:13,500 --> 00:31:16,000
That there is no system here.

506
00:31:16,000 --> 00:31:18,350
And he didn't correct it.

507
00:31:18,350 --> 00:31:19,410
The thing is...

508
00:31:19,410 --> 00:31:20,670
Excuse me, excuse me.

509
00:31:20,700 --> 00:31:23,720
The issue is not about having
a lot of power,

510
00:31:23,720 --> 00:31:28,700
but to use the power you have
on the indicated path.

511
00:31:28,750 --> 00:31:30,950
Well then I should
fire the interpreter too.

512
00:31:30,950 --> 00:31:32,200
Why do you say that?

513
00:31:32,200 --> 00:31:34,700
- Was that you?
- Yes...

514
00:31:34,700 --> 00:31:37,870
I don't think I understood
the question Rose was asking him.

515
00:31:37,870 --> 00:31:41,970
I mean, in English, it sounded
as if Zarato wanted...

516
00:31:41,970 --> 00:31:43,950
...and assumed that he was a Tsar.

517
00:31:43,950 --> 00:31:47,450
Some have called him a Tsar.

518
00:31:49,500 --> 00:31:52,870
So what? people call me
in many ways.

519
00:31:52,870 --> 00:31:55,500
Well, do you have a name left?

520
00:31:56,100 --> 00:31:59,450
He was probably trying to argue,
to incite a discussion...

521
00:31:59,450 --> 00:32:02,800
...but I didn't want to argue with him.

522
00:32:02,800 --> 00:32:05,250
Do you ever lose it?

523
00:32:05,250 --> 00:32:08,250
He says it's so irrational...

524
00:32:08,250 --> 00:32:10,300
...every time they ask him a question."

525
00:32:10,300 --> 00:32:13,700
Have you ever had a day,
a bad day? And...

526
00:32:20,700 --> 00:32:22,000
Is it okay?

527
00:32:22,300 --> 00:32:25,300
I am not a woman therefore
I don't have bad days.

528
00:32:28,080 --> 00:32:29,970
There it is. Now he's going to insult...

529
00:32:29,970 --> 00:32:32,200
...50 percent of the public
United States.

530
00:32:32,200 --> 00:32:34,040
That's how they're going to take it.

531
00:32:35,900 --> 00:32:38,500
I'm not trying to insult anyone.

532
00:32:38,500 --> 00:32:40,900
That's the nature of things.

533
00:32:41,790 --> 00:32:45,080
So a woman for you,
Do you tend to be more emotional?

534
00:32:45,080 --> 00:32:49,500
 �He doesn't want his emotions to get in the way.
and control your reasoning?

535
00:32:49,800 --> 00:32:52,850
There are certain natural cycles...

536
00:32:55,400 --> 00:32:58,950
...which possibly has them too,
just less obvious.

537
00:32:58,950 --> 00:33:02,700
We are all human beings,
It's normal.

538
00:33:02,700 --> 00:33:05,300
But you should never lose control.

539
00:33:16,200 --> 00:33:17,850
Ask President Bush.

540
00:33:17,850 --> 00:33:19,620
 �He is a man in whom
Americans can trust?

541
00:33:19,620 --> 00:33:21,100
It will answer the question.

542
00:33:21,100 --> 00:33:22,330
He looked the man in the eyes.

543
00:33:22,330 --> 00:33:26,120
I found it very simple
and trustworthy.

544
00:33:27,700 --> 00:33:30,040
Now, we had a very good dialogue.

545
00:33:30,040 --> 00:33:34,160
I was able to capture the essence of his soul.

546
00:33:35,660 --> 00:33:37,620
What did you feel when you said that?

547
00:33:38,750 --> 00:33:43,480
I felt like I was a person with whom
we could reach an agreement,

548
00:33:43,480 --> 00:33:44,850
a person with whom
we could try,

549
00:33:44,850 --> 00:33:46,600
or at least I hoped so.

550
00:33:46,700 --> 00:33:49,040
And September 11th was one of the...

551
00:33:49,040 --> 00:33:50,680
He was one of the first to call him...

552
00:33:50,680 --> 00:33:53,460
...and offer your condolences and cooperation.

553
00:33:53,460 --> 00:33:58,550
Yes, we had planned military exercises for our
nuclear strategic forces the next day,

554
00:33:58,550 --> 00:34:02,400
but I canceled them and wanted the President
of the United States knew it.

555
00:34:02,400 --> 00:34:10,100
I understood that the Heads of State
They need moral support in those moments,

556
00:34:10,100 --> 00:34:13,600
and we wanted to demonstrate our
support for President Bush.

557
00:34:13,660 --> 00:34:16,750
When President Bush
invaded Afghanistan,

558
00:34:16,750 --> 00:34:20,080
President Putin cooperated with the same...

559
00:34:20,080 --> 00:34:23,700
...and established bases in the Caucasus and Eurasia...

560
00:34:23,700 --> 00:34:27,620
...so that Americans
They were supplied in Afghanistan.

561
00:34:27,800 --> 00:34:29,920
Well, it's not exactly like that.

562
00:34:31,220 --> 00:34:34,200
We have not installed any base
intentionally military.

563
00:34:34,200 --> 00:34:37,850
From the Soviet Union,
we have had a division in Tajikistan,

564
00:34:37,850 --> 00:34:40,370
which we later converted
on military bases.

565
00:34:40,370 --> 00:34:46,100
Specifically to protect this sector,
of terrorist ideology in Afghanistan.

566
00:34:46,100 --> 00:34:48,200
But we support the United States,

567
00:34:48,200 --> 00:34:52,900
and we allow them to use our territory
to supply weapons.

568
00:34:52,950 --> 00:34:55,160
And they continued to do so until recently.

569
00:34:55,160 --> 00:34:57,160
Yes. Yes.

570
00:34:57,160 --> 00:35:01,960
We believe that this cooperation is appropriate
to our national interests.

571
00:35:02,000 --> 00:35:06,260
This is a field where we can
and we must join our forces.

572
00:35:06,260 --> 00:35:09,260
We provide...

573
00:35:09,260 --> 00:35:13,460
...additional information,
including intelligence information.

574
00:35:14,210 --> 00:35:16,700
Russia has a long history
in Afghanistan.

575
00:35:16,700 --> 00:35:21,400
So how come they didn't give
Do you know where Bin Laden was?

576
00:35:21,400 --> 00:35:23,830
And what was happening with Bin Laden?

577
00:35:23,830 --> 00:35:26,120
Not only where he was, but...

578
00:35:26,120 --> 00:35:30,410
How weak was Al Qaeda's base
right now in Afghanistan.

579
00:35:30,610 --> 00:35:36,710
Al-Qaeda is not the result
of our activities.

580
00:35:36,710 --> 00:35:39,610
It is the result of the activities
of our American friends.

581
00:35:39,610 --> 00:35:44,350
It all started during
the Soviet war in Afghanistan.

582
00:35:46,350 --> 00:35:50,200
When intelligence officers
Americans provided support...

583
00:35:50,200 --> 00:35:53,260
...in different ways
of Islamic fundamentalism,

584
00:35:53,260 --> 00:35:55,650
helping them fight against
Soviet troops in Afghanistan.

585
00:35:55,650 --> 00:35:59,550
So the Americans themselves fed
both Al-Qaeda and Bin Laden.

586
00:35:59,880 --> 00:36:02,050
But everything got out of control.

587
00:36:03,750 --> 00:36:05,600
And it always happens.

588
00:36:07,600 --> 00:36:11,400
And our colleagues in the United States
They should have known.

589
00:36:11,400 --> 00:36:13,500
They are to blame.

590
00:36:14,160 --> 00:36:17,660
Bill Casey, director of the CIA
during the mandate of Ronald Reagan,

591
00:36:17,660 --> 00:36:22,160
made a special effort
to excite the Muslims...

592
00:36:22,160 --> 00:36:26,000
...in the Caucasus, in Central Asia,
against the Soviet Union.

593
00:36:26,000 --> 00:36:29,910
His plan was much bigger than just
defeat the Soviet Union in Afghanistan.

594
00:36:29,910 --> 00:36:34,670
His plan was basically the change
regime in the Soviet Union.

595
00:36:34,670 --> 00:36:39,500
You see, those ideas are still valid.

596
00:36:40,100 --> 00:36:44,900
And when those problems arose
in Chechnya and the Caucasus,

597
00:36:45,900 --> 00:36:49,600
Americans, unfortunately,
supported those processes.

598
00:36:50,150 --> 00:36:54,500
We assumed that the Cold War was over,
that we had transparent relationships,

599
00:36:54,500 --> 00:36:57,700
with the rest of the world,
with Europe and the United States.

600
00:36:57,700 --> 00:37:01,000
And we certainly had support,

601
00:37:01,000 --> 00:37:03,000
but instead, we were witnesses...

602
00:37:03,000 --> 00:37:06,000
...that the North American Intelligence Services
They supported the terrorists.

603
00:37:06,500 --> 00:37:09,200
I'm going to say something very important.

604
00:37:10,900 --> 00:37:15,800
We had a very innocent opinion
at that time,

605
00:37:18,210 --> 00:37:21,000
that our American colleagues
only in words...

606
00:37:21,000 --> 00:37:26,500
...referred to support for Russia,
about the need to cooperate,

607
00:37:26,500 --> 00:37:29,600
even in the fight against terrorism,
but in reality they were using...

608
00:37:29,600 --> 00:37:33,600
...those terrorists to destabilize
internal politics in Russia.

609
00:37:37,900 --> 00:37:41,900
2002 - SIEGE OF NORD
OST - Dubrovka Theater, Moscow

610
00:37:44,220 --> 00:37:47,310
170 deaths - 133 hostages - 40 terrorists

611
00:37:50,210 --> 00:37:53,870
2004 - BESLAN SCHOOL SIEGE
Beslan, North Ossetia

612
00:37:56,400 --> 00:38:00,400
385 deaths - 334 hostages 186 children 31 terrorists

613
00:38:01,160 --> 00:38:04,380
In your mind, what was the most dangerous moment
of the Chechen wars?

614
00:38:04,380 --> 00:38:06,510
The first, the second?
What years?

615
00:38:07,710 --> 00:38:10,300
It's hard for me to name a moment
in particular.

616
00:38:10,300 --> 00:38:14,900
The so-called Chechen war
started...

617
00:38:14,900 --> 00:38:19,800
...when the people,
civilians in Dagestan,

618
00:38:19,800 --> 00:38:23,950
and Dagestan is also
a muslim republic,

619
00:38:23,960 --> 00:38:29,600
they took up arms and organized
resistance to terrorists.

620
00:38:29,600 --> 00:38:31,300
I remember well...

621
00:38:31,300 --> 00:38:36,000
...when Dagestan not only
He was asking us, but imploring us,

622
00:38:36,000 --> 00:38:40,700
"If you don't want to protect us, Russia, then give us
weapons and we will do it ourselves.

623
00:38:41,370 --> 00:38:44,040
American support was covert.

624
00:38:44,040 --> 00:38:47,150
You say you have proof that they were
supporting the Chechens.

625
00:38:47,150 --> 00:38:48,400
Of course.

626
00:38:48,400 --> 00:38:50,800
But as for the information
and political support,

627
00:38:50,800 --> 00:38:54,800
That was evident to everyone,
no test is necessary.

628
00:38:54,800 --> 00:38:56,650
It became public.

629
00:38:57,360 --> 00:39:00,830
I think the administration has adopted
a hands-off attitude,

630
00:39:00,830 --> 00:39:04,730
repeating like a mantra it comes
of an internal Russian affair,

631
00:39:04,730 --> 00:39:08,000
that in fact legitimized the Russian action.

632
00:39:08,000 --> 00:39:11,880
And on top of that,
administration spokespersons...

633
00:39:11,880 --> 00:39:14,670
...they have committed
to defame the Chechens.

634
00:39:14,880 --> 00:39:17,520
Regarding operational support
and financial,

635
00:39:17,540 --> 00:39:23,020
we have proof and we send it to you
to fellow Americans.

636
00:39:23,170 --> 00:39:27,820
There was a specific event
that I mentioned to President Bush.

637
00:39:27,820 --> 00:39:31,250
He even showed him names of employees
of the US Secret Service

638
00:39:31,250 --> 00:39:32,820
that they had hired militants
of the Caucasus.

639
00:39:32,820 --> 00:39:36,080
And they weren't just supplying
general political support,

640
00:39:36,080 --> 00:39:40,310
were providing technical support,
transporting fighters from one place to another.

641
00:39:40,620 --> 00:39:46,540
And the response of the US president.
It was very appropriate and negative.

642
00:39:46,620 --> 00:39:47,800
He said he would look into it.
carefully.

643
00:39:48,570 --> 00:39:51,820
Later, communicating
with our partners,

644
00:39:51,820 --> 00:39:55,340
we received a letter from the CIA,

645
00:39:55,540 --> 00:39:59,680
that said, "Our companions
They think it's right...

646
00:39:59,680 --> 00:40:02,650
...maintain contact with representatives...

647
00:40:02,650 --> 00:40:04,800
...of the opposition forces
and they will continue to do so."

648
00:40:06,120 --> 00:40:09,720
Obviously, they were not only referring to
to the opposing forces,

649
00:40:09,920 --> 00:40:13,820
but also, to the structures
and terrorist organizations.

650
00:40:16,310 --> 00:40:23,920
In any case, they were portrayed
as a normal opposition.

651
00:40:26,830 --> 00:40:31,530
And all this while they are fighting
a war on terror in Afghanistan.

652
00:40:32,330 --> 00:40:35,120
It seems like a behavior
contradictory...

653
00:40:35,120 --> 00:40:36,910
...and strange behavior.

654
00:40:37,910 --> 00:40:40,850
we have become accustomed
to these contradictions.

655
00:40:42,540 --> 00:40:45,000
I guess the letter is secret,

656
00:40:45,000 --> 00:40:46,740
Is it not available to view?

657
00:40:46,740 --> 00:40:50,600
I don't think it's appropriate,
my words are enough.

658
00:40:50,600 --> 00:40:54,000
I think George remembers
our conversation. Wait.

659
00:40:57,580 --> 00:40:59,190
Today we welcome...

660
00:40:59,190 --> 00:41:01,730
...to Hungary, Poland
and the Czech Republic,

661
00:41:02,540 --> 00:41:05,450
definitively deleting
the frontier that the Cold War...

662
00:41:05,450 --> 00:41:08,450
...artificially imposed
to the European continent,

663
00:41:09,200 --> 00:41:12,000
strengthening an alliance
that now clearly,

664
00:41:12,000 --> 00:41:14,450
it is better preserved
to keep the peace...

665
00:41:14,450 --> 00:41:17,950
...and our security
in the 21st century.

666
00:41:17,950 --> 00:41:20,910
Our goal is to help
to build a Europe...

667
00:41:21,450 --> 00:41:24,830
without divisions, free,

668
00:41:24,830 --> 00:41:29,000
democratic, peaceful and safe.

669
00:41:29,950 --> 00:41:31,950
Today we proudly welcome...

670
00:41:31,950 --> 00:41:34,080
...to Bulgaria,

671
00:41:35,790 --> 00:41:37,200
Estonia,

672
00:41:38,700 --> 00:41:39,870
Latvia

673
00:41:40,940 --> 00:41:42,400
Lithuania,

674
00:41:44,450 --> 00:41:46,160
Romania,

675
00:41:46,160 --> 00:41:48,040
Slovakia...

676
00:41:48,040 --> 00:41:49,600
...and Slovenia.

677
00:41:51,830 --> 00:41:53,500
We welcome you
to the ranks...

678
00:41:53,500 --> 00:41:55,950
...of the Organization
of the North Atlantic Treaty.

679
00:42:01,120 --> 00:42:03,040
This is a special moment...

680
00:42:03,840 --> 00:42:06,290
...in the hopeful story
of human freedom,

681
00:42:06,750 --> 00:42:09,460
while the United States
formally declares its support...

682
00:42:09,460 --> 00:42:12,680
...at the entrance to Albania
and Croatia in NATO.

683
00:42:14,370 --> 00:42:16,300
What I heard from Mr. Gorbachev,

684
00:42:16,300 --> 00:42:18,180
as well as officials
Americans,

685
00:42:18,180 --> 00:42:19,630
including James Baker,

686
00:42:19,630 --> 00:42:22,700
that there was an agreement
with the Soviet Union...

687
00:42:22,700 --> 00:42:24,940
...so as not to expand
NATO to the east.

688
00:42:24,940 --> 00:42:29,000
Yes. When the decision was made
to unify Germany...

689
00:42:29,000 --> 00:42:33,000
...and withdraw the Soviet troops
from Eastern Europe,

690
00:42:33,000 --> 00:42:36,150
the dignitaries of
the United States...

691
00:42:36,150 --> 00:42:39,250
...and the Secretary General
of NATO, Mr. W�rner, I believe,

692
00:42:39,250 --> 00:42:44,000
They said that the only thing that
the Soviet Union was sure,

693
00:42:44,000 --> 00:42:49,000
was that the eastern border of NATO
would not extend further...

694
00:42:49,000 --> 00:42:56,450
...from the eastern border of
the German Democratic Republic.

695
00:42:56,760 --> 00:42:58,330
So it was a clear violation.

696
00:42:58,530 --> 00:43:00,830
This agreement was not written.

697
00:43:01,030 --> 00:43:02,530
That was Mr. Gorbachev's mistake.

698
00:43:02,730 --> 00:43:05,730
In politics, everything must be put on paper.

699
00:43:05,930 --> 00:43:10,830
I just talked it over and decided it was enough.

700
00:43:12,110 --> 00:43:12,830
But that is not the case.

701
00:43:14,790 --> 00:43:18,500
NATO was established during the period
when there was a confrontation...

702
00:43:18,500 --> 00:43:22,200
between two blocks, the eastern blocks
and western.

703
00:43:22,200 --> 00:43:24,550
Between these two so-called fields.

704
00:43:24,550 --> 00:43:27,250
Now the Warsaw Treaty
has faded,

705
00:43:27,250 --> 00:43:30,450
there is no longer an eastern bloc,
Neither does the Soviet Union.

706
00:43:31,080 --> 00:43:34,800
And right now the Warsaw Treaty
has been forgotten.

707
00:43:34,800 --> 00:43:37,000
There is no Soviet Union.

708
00:43:37,000 --> 00:43:38,400
Therefore, why is NATO still in force?

709
00:43:39,220 --> 00:43:44,300
My impression is that to justify
its existence,

710
00:43:44,300 --> 00:43:50,200
NATO needs an external enemy,
there is a constant search for the enemy,

711
00:43:50,200 --> 00:43:55,800
or some provocative acts
to name someone as an adversary.

712
00:43:57,000 --> 00:44:01,000
The unipolar world that had been proposed
after the Cold War...

713
00:44:01,000 --> 00:44:03,000
...didn't take place either.

714
00:44:04,700 --> 00:44:07,120
However,
What is a unipolar world?

715
00:44:07,720 --> 00:44:14,120
Although some may embellish this term,
It still refers to a type of situation,

716
00:44:15,220 --> 00:44:18,620
that is, a center of authority,

717
00:44:19,970 --> 00:44:24,720
a center of strength,
a center that makes decisions.

718
00:44:26,170 --> 00:44:30,200
It is a world in which there are
one boss, one sovereign,

719
00:44:30,200 --> 00:44:34,720
and this ends up being dangerous
not just for those within the system,

720
00:44:36,220 --> 00:44:40,340
but also for the sovereign himself
since it self-destructs from within.

721
00:44:41,450 --> 00:44:45,250
A state, primarily the US,

722
00:44:45,250 --> 00:44:47,970
has exceeded its borders
national in all forms.

723
00:44:48,480 --> 00:44:51,400
This is visible in the policies
economic, political, cultural...

724
00:44:51,400 --> 00:44:54,910
...and educational that it imposes
to other nations.

725
00:45:02,820 --> 00:45:05,920
Today, NATO is a mere
foreign policy instrument of the US

726
00:45:06,370 --> 00:45:09,620
He has no allies, only vassals.

727
00:45:10,020 --> 00:45:18,820
Once a country becomes a member
of NATO, it is difficult to resist US pressure.

728
00:45:19,020 --> 00:45:22,220
Suddenly any weapons system
can be established in this country.

729
00:45:22,420 --> 00:45:26,220
An anti-ballistic missile system,
new military bases...

730
00:45:26,420 --> 00:45:29,920
...and if necessary,
new offensive systems.

731
00:45:30,120 --> 00:45:31,320
And what are we supposed to do?

732
00:45:31,520 --> 00:45:34,720
In this case you have to take
countermeasures.

733
00:45:34,920 --> 00:45:41,620
We have to aim our missile systems
to the facilities that threaten us.

734
00:45:42,280 --> 00:45:44,140
The situation becomes more tense.

735
00:45:45,020 --> 00:45:50,520
Why are we responding so
intensely to the expansion of NATO?

736
00:45:50,720 --> 00:46:01,620
Well, actually, we understand the purpose of this organization and its threat.

737
00:46:01,820 --> 00:46:04,820
But what worries us
is the following.

738
00:46:05,020 --> 00:46:07,820
We are concerned about the way
in which decisions are made.

739
00:46:08,020 --> 00:46:10,520
I know how decisions are made there.

740
00:46:10,720 --> 00:46:17,820
I remember one of our last
meetings with President Clinton in Moscow.

741
00:46:18,020 --> 00:46:23,720
During the meeting, I said:
"We could consider as an option

742
00:46:23,920 --> 00:46:25,820
for Russia to join NATO."

743
00:46:26,020 --> 00:46:27,720
Clinton said, "Why not?"

744
00:46:27,920 --> 00:46:30,520
But the US delegation
she got very nervous.

745
00:46:31,320 --> 00:46:33,220
Did they request it?

746
00:46:35,320 --> 00:46:38,820
Let me explain why our partners
They were so nervous about Russia joining NATO.

747
00:46:39,020 --> 00:46:43,520
If it happened, we would have a vote...

748
00:46:43,820 --> 00:46:46,320
...and we would not allow ourselves to be manipulated.

749
00:46:46,520 --> 00:46:51,320
Our American friends
They would never even consider it.

750
00:46:51,710 --> 00:46:54,000
According to NATO regulations,
I understand that I would have to share...

751
00:46:54,000 --> 00:46:56,310
...all your nuclear information
with the United States.

752
00:46:56,540 --> 00:46:58,020
You know...

753
00:46:58,400 --> 00:47:03,140
Our transparency with everyone
our partners, including the US,

754
00:47:03,140 --> 00:47:07,500
after the disintegration of the Soviet Union
and the change in our political system,

755
00:47:07,700 --> 00:47:13,800
It was so good that even
It reached our nuclear forces.

756
00:47:14,950 --> 00:47:16,080
Then we hardly had
secrets.

757
00:47:16,280 --> 00:47:22,880
To the point that American monitors
They were in one of our largest factories,

758
00:47:23,080 --> 00:47:25,480
building components
for nuclear weapons.

759
00:47:25,680 --> 00:47:26,480
Permanently.

760
00:47:26,680 --> 00:47:30,680
See? we were enough
open.

761
00:47:31,480 --> 00:47:34,880
And we did not receive threats
additional.

762
00:47:35,080 --> 00:47:41,380
And there is something curious, the presidents
of their country they change,

763
00:47:44,280 --> 00:47:45,780
but the policy does not change...

764
00:47:46,380 --> 00:47:48,880
...as a matter of principle.

765
00:47:49,200 --> 00:47:52,330
The old Soviets were always
very realistic with American politics.

766
00:47:52,330 --> 00:47:55,420
They always tried to understand his intentions.

767
00:47:55,740 --> 00:47:59,770
I don't know if those think tanks still exist here.
I imagine so,

768
00:47:59,770 --> 00:48:02,700
since Mr. Putin receives
very precise evaluations...

769
00:48:03,340 --> 00:48:05,170
...about what the intentions are
of the United States.

770
00:48:05,510 --> 00:48:06,510
Yes, of course,

771
00:48:06,540 --> 00:48:12,560
I think to think that you are the one
only world power,

772
00:48:12,760 --> 00:48:17,760
trying to impose on the entire nation
that idea of exclusivity,

773
00:48:17,960 --> 00:48:23,560
create a mindset
imperialist in society,

774
00:48:23,760 --> 00:48:29,260
which in return requires a policy
adequate exterior expected by society.

775
00:48:29,460 --> 00:48:33,870
And the country's leaders are forced
to follow this logic.

776
00:48:34,070 --> 00:48:38,870
Practically, this can go against
of American interests.

777
00:48:39,070 --> 00:48:40,670
That's my way of seeing it.

778
00:48:40,870 --> 00:48:44,870
Because in the end it causes problems
and deficiencies.

779
00:48:45,070 --> 00:48:47,370
And proves that it is impossible
control everything.

780
00:48:49,730 --> 00:48:51,410
Has that ever stopped?

781
00:48:51,570 --> 00:48:54,940
"This attitude of the US has stopped...

782
00:48:54,970 --> 00:48:56,940
of having an enemy in Russia?

783
00:48:57,140 --> 00:49:01,000
Whether it was communism, Putinism

784
00:49:01,020 --> 00:49:04,310
or in any other way,
It was just the concept of enemy.

785
00:49:05,200 --> 00:49:11,580
After World War II,
a bipolar world order emerged.

786
00:49:11,780 --> 00:49:16,580
I think it was a strategic error.
by the Soviet Union,

787
00:49:16,780 --> 00:49:21,680
and frankly, at that time the Soviet Union
He was behaving very wildly,

788
00:49:21,880 --> 00:49:27,880
and they gave the US the excuse
to create NATO...

789
00:49:28,080 --> 00:49:30,680
...and start the Cold War.

790
00:49:32,170 --> 00:49:35,780
I think the United States felt...

791
00:49:35,800 --> 00:49:38,880
...who was at the forefront of the call
"civilized world",

792
00:49:40,140 --> 00:49:44,580
and when the Soviet Union collapsed...

793
00:49:44,780 --> 00:49:50,880
They lived under the illusion that the US
I was capable of achieving everything,

794
00:49:51,080 --> 00:49:52,880
and that they could do it with impunity.

795
00:49:54,880 --> 00:49:55,880
That's always a trap.

796
00:49:56,080 --> 00:49:57,880
because in that situation

797
00:49:58,080 --> 00:50:01,780
the person or the country
starts making mistakes.

798
00:50:01,980 --> 00:50:05,880
There is no need to analyze anymore
the situations,

799
00:50:06,080 --> 00:50:07,780
or to think about the consequences.

800
00:50:07,980 --> 00:50:10,580
And then the country
it becomes inefficient.

801
00:50:10,780 --> 00:50:12,780
One mistake follows another.

802
00:50:13,770 --> 00:50:16,540
And I think that's the trap.
into which the US has fallen.

803
00:50:18,500 --> 00:50:20,820
This is how the big question arises:

804
00:50:20,820 --> 00:50:22,680
What is US policy?

805
00:50:23,370 --> 00:50:24,940
What is your strategy in the world?

806
00:50:25,200 --> 00:50:26,110
All over the world.

807
00:50:26,480 --> 00:50:31,730
I will answer this question honestly and in detail,

808
00:50:31,930 --> 00:50:34,730
only when I have retired.

809
00:50:38,340 --> 00:50:43,480
Well, I can explain it to you
and you can discuss it with me.

810
00:50:43,650 --> 00:50:47,250
I believe, or many experts believe,
that the US strategy...

811
00:50:47,400 --> 00:50:50,910
...right now is to destroy the Russian economy,

812
00:50:51,000 --> 00:50:53,220
Let it be like it was in the 90s again.

813
00:50:54,020 --> 00:50:56,420
And change the leadership
from Russia.

814
00:50:56,880 --> 00:51:01,250
Make Russia a new ally
for the United States and basically...

815
00:51:01,910 --> 00:51:04,540
....dominate Russia, as they already did.

816
00:51:04,940 --> 00:51:08,250
And maybe they feel like they weren't
far enough...

817
00:51:08,250 --> 00:51:10,330
...and they will take the nuclear arsenal
far from Russia.

818
00:51:10,530 --> 00:51:15,730
That reasoning is quite possible.

819
00:51:15,930 --> 00:51:22,130
If that's the case, then I think
It is a wrong policy.

820
00:51:22,330 --> 00:51:28,130
Exactly because that vision of
relations with Russia...

821
00:51:28,330 --> 00:51:31,140
...is not oriented towards the future.

822
00:51:31,510 --> 00:51:39,650
People who think like this do not project
the future within 25 to 50 years.

823
00:51:40,030 --> 00:51:43,130
And if they did, then they would probably see...

824
00:51:43,330 --> 00:51:46,830
...creating relations with Russia
in a different way.

825
00:51:46,850 --> 00:51:51,620
And they would not try to make Russia
his vassal.

826
00:51:52,400 --> 00:51:55,740
I understand that Russia does not
is going to give up.

827
00:51:56,050 --> 00:51:58,050
They will continue with this economy.

828
00:51:58,110 --> 00:52:00,450
With Stalin they gave their jewels.

829
00:52:00,510 --> 00:52:03,400
They gave their personal possessions
until the last dollar

830
00:52:04,000 --> 00:52:06,250
to support the government
against the Nazis.

831
00:52:06,370 --> 00:52:09,770
It's not about the last dollar,
but of life itself.

832
00:52:10,000 --> 00:52:14,220
Our people were fighting to the death,
but not for the last dollar.

833
00:52:15,340 --> 00:52:23,170
The most important thing about Russia
They are the Russians and their conscience.

834
00:52:23,510 --> 00:52:31,020
With their conscience, the Russian people cannot
live outside your own sovereign country.

835
00:52:31,570 --> 00:52:38,270
With this understanding
and not as a nuclear threat,

836
00:52:38,280 --> 00:52:44,600
should make our partners choose to build
equitable and lasting relations with Russia.

837
00:52:45,070 --> 00:52:48,770
And then they wouldn't have to spend
so much money on defense.

838
00:52:48,970 --> 00:52:54,140
Just observe.
Last year, in dollars,

839
00:52:54,510 --> 00:52:59,970
we allocate 40 billion
in terms of defense,

840
00:53:00,170 --> 00:53:05,770
while the US allocated more than
460 billion.

841
00:53:05,970 --> 00:53:07,670
Ten times more.

842
00:53:07,870 --> 00:53:13,870
And this year, as we know, 2016,
The US is going to allocate...

843
00:53:14,070 --> 00:53:16,270
...more than 600 billion
in defense.

844
00:53:16,470 --> 00:53:21,870
It's just excessive
exceeds total defense expenditures...

845
00:53:22,070 --> 00:53:26,770
...from all the countries in the world.

846
00:53:29,140 --> 00:53:32,310
This year are the elections
from USA

847
00:53:32,800 --> 00:53:34,770
and none of these matters,

848
00:53:34,910 --> 00:53:37,050
the environment,
improve our relationships,

849
00:53:37,050 --> 00:53:38,620
have been discussed
not once.

850
00:53:38,620 --> 00:53:41,940
All the rhetoric
of the elections has been...

851
00:53:42,400 --> 00:53:46,220
...become stronger and stronger,
rebuild our armed forces again,

852
00:53:46,540 --> 00:53:48,570
and besides that,

853
00:53:48,680 --> 00:53:51,740
and this is from both sides,
including Hillary Clinton,

854
00:53:51,800 --> 00:53:56,340
which has definitely become
in a neoconservative

855
00:53:56,970 --> 00:53:58,710
with strong policies against Russia.

856
00:53:58,940 --> 00:54:02,540
She was undoubtedly in favor
of the Syrian intervention and so on.

857
00:54:02,650 --> 00:54:05,500
And we have to send a
very clear message to Putin,

858
00:54:05,500 --> 00:54:08,370
that this form of aggressiveness,

859
00:54:08,370 --> 00:54:10,400
this way to check
what are the limits,

860
00:54:10,570 --> 00:54:12,740
will be answered.

861
00:54:12,820 --> 00:54:15,880
Aside from that, the Pentagon has announced...

862
00:54:16,400 --> 00:54:21,340
This new general announced that Russia
He is the biggest enemy of the US.

863
00:54:21,510 --> 00:54:25,370
And it has been very forceful
with these statements.

864
00:54:25,570 --> 00:54:31,400
If you are looking to talk about a country that would pose a threat
existential for the United States, I have to point out Russia.

865
00:54:31,540 --> 00:54:34,150
If you look at his behavior,
It's alarming.

866
00:54:34,350 --> 00:54:36,750
Yes, we know that.

867
00:54:36,950 --> 00:54:39,250
And we certainly do not approve.

868
00:54:39,450 --> 00:54:44,850
On the contrary, we are always ready
to dialogue in almost all fields.

869
00:54:45,050 --> 00:54:49,250
but during an electoral campaign,
unfortunately,

870
00:54:49,450 --> 00:54:53,850
it has become a fashion
in the United States speculate,

871
00:54:54,050 --> 00:54:58,150
even abuse the Russian problem,
so to speak.

872
00:54:58,350 --> 00:55:01,250
Then they tell us: "Don't take note of that.

873
00:55:01,450 --> 00:55:05,550
They have to understand that it's just rhetoric
for the electoral campaign.

874
00:55:05,750 --> 00:55:08,050
Afterwards we will shake hands."

875
00:55:08,250 --> 00:55:14,750
But I think that sacrificing
relations between nations...

876
00:55:14,950 --> 00:55:18,350
...as part of the current political process
It's a big mistake.

877
00:55:41,350 --> 00:55:47,950
Victory Day
71st anniversary parade.

878
00:55:56,050 --> 00:55:59,600
Dear citizens of Russia,

879
00:55:59,850 --> 00:56:01,770
veterans,

880
00:56:02,600 --> 00:56:05,940
comrades, soldiers
and sailors,

881
00:56:06,050 --> 00:56:08,650
second lieutenants,

882
00:56:08,940 --> 00:56:10,820
lieutenants,

883
00:56:11,710 --> 00:56:14,140
and general.

884
00:56:15,880 --> 00:56:19,570
Happy Victory Day!

885
00:56:22,820 --> 00:56:24,840
It was exciting to be in the parade.

886
00:56:26,870 --> 00:56:29,860
The gait, the precision,
pride.

887
00:56:42,800 --> 00:56:44,800
I also liked the troops
feminine.

888
00:56:45,000 --> 00:56:47,200
The Women's Battalion
I participated for the first time.

889
00:56:49,740 --> 00:56:52,200
I saw that Mr. Gorbachev was present.

890
00:56:52,450 --> 00:56:54,020
He didn't stop to say hello.

891
00:56:55,610 --> 00:56:57,690
Yes, Protocol invites you to official ceremonies.

892
00:56:57,890 --> 00:57:00,650
Yes, but I say it didn't stop...

893
00:57:01,740 --> 00:57:03,490
...to say hello.

894
00:57:03,690 --> 00:57:05,890
I didn't see it.

895
00:57:06,570 --> 00:57:08,800
Don't you ever see him?

896
00:57:09,090 --> 00:57:14,190
I invited him to the Kremlin, he visited my office.

897
00:57:15,820 --> 00:57:17,650
Many years ago.

898
00:57:18,450 --> 00:57:19,680
Several years ago.

899
00:57:20,400 --> 00:57:22,310
Without a doubt I supported him on the NATO issue.

900
00:57:23,010 --> 00:57:26,810
With NATO, and also on the Crimea issue.

901
00:57:27,010 --> 00:57:28,810
He has his opinion.

902
00:57:29,010 --> 00:57:32,310
In some things we agree,
and in others not.

903
00:57:35,830 --> 00:57:39,540
It's a shame it wasn't
the US ambassador

904
00:57:54,000 --> 00:57:57,000
***From Marcos for Subdivx***