1 00:00:03,205 --> 00:00:05,291 BANJO PLAYING DIXIE 2 00:00:18,804 --> 00:00:19,805 MAN: "IN THIS ARMY, 3 00:00:19,972 --> 00:00:21,765 "ONE HOLE IN THE SEAT OF THE BRITCHES 4 00:00:21,932 --> 00:00:23,892 "INDICATES A CAPTAIN, 5 00:00:24,059 --> 00:00:26,854 "TWO HOLES--A LIEUTENANT, 6 00:00:27,021 --> 00:00:29,315 "AND THE SEAT OF THE PANTS ALL OUT 7 00:00:29,481 --> 00:00:32,026 INDICATES THAT THE INDIVIDUAL IS A PRIVATE." 8 00:00:36,614 --> 00:00:38,324 THEY BOTH HAD A PARTICULAR WAY OF YELLING. 9 00:00:38,490 --> 00:00:40,993 THE NORTHERN TROOPS MADE A SORT OF HURRAH. 10 00:00:41,160 --> 00:00:42,494 IT WAS CALLED BY ONE SOLDIER, 11 00:00:42,661 --> 00:00:45,873 "THE DEEP, GENEROUS, MANLY SHOUT" OF THE NORTHERN SOLDIER. 12 00:00:46,040 --> 00:00:49,460 THE CONFEDERATES, OF COURSE, HAD WHAT WAS CALLED THE REBEL YELL. 13 00:00:49,627 --> 00:00:52,796 WE DON'T REALLY KNOW WHAT THAT SOUNDED LIKE. 14 00:00:52,963 --> 00:00:56,342 ONE NORTHERNER DESCRIBED IT, HE SAID-- 15 00:00:56,508 --> 00:01:00,471 HE DESCRIBED IT BY DESCRIBING THE PECULIAR CORKSCREW SENSATION 16 00:01:00,638 --> 00:01:03,474 THAT GOES UP YOUR BACKBONE WHEN YOU HEAR IT, 17 00:01:03,641 --> 00:01:06,644 AND HE SAID, "IF YOU CLAIM YOU'VE HEARD IT 18 00:01:06,810 --> 00:01:07,853 "AND WEREN'T SCARED, 19 00:01:08,020 --> 00:01:10,272 THAT MEANS YOU NEVER HEARD IT." 20 00:01:10,439 --> 00:01:11,523 IT WAS... 21 00:01:11,690 --> 00:01:15,986 IT WAS BASICALLY, I THINK, A SORT OF FOX HUNT YIP 22 00:01:16,153 --> 00:01:19,114 MIXED UP WITH A SORT OF BANSHEE SQUALL. 23 00:01:19,281 --> 00:01:21,950 AND IT WAS USED ON THE ATTACK. 24 00:01:22,117 --> 00:01:24,995 AND AN OLD CONFEDERATE VETERAN AFTER THE WAR 25 00:01:25,162 --> 00:01:27,915 WAS ASKED AT A UDC MEETING IN TENNESSEE SOMEWHERE 26 00:01:28,082 --> 00:01:29,750 TO GIVE THE REBEL YELL. 27 00:01:29,917 --> 00:01:31,377 THE LADIES HAD NEVER HEARD IT. 28 00:01:31,543 --> 00:01:36,674 AND HE SAID, "IT CAN'T BE DONE, EXCEPT ATA RUN, 29 00:01:36,840 --> 00:01:37,883 "AND I COULDN'T DO IT ANYHOW 30 00:01:38,050 --> 00:01:39,301 "WITH A MOUTH FULL OF FALSE TEETH 31 00:01:39,468 --> 00:01:41,220 AND A STOMACH FULL OF FOOD." 32 00:01:41,387 --> 00:01:44,181 SO THEY NEVER GOT TO HEAR WHAT IT SOUNDED LIKE. 33 00:02:00,239 --> 00:02:04,368 NARRATOR: THE CIVIL WAR WAS FOUGHT IN 10,000 PLACES. 34 00:02:04,535 --> 00:02:10,249 MURFREESBORO, CHAMBERSBURG, DRANESVILLE, AND OPELOUSAS, 35 00:02:10,416 --> 00:02:13,168 APACHE CANYON, ST. AUGUSTINE, 36 00:02:13,335 --> 00:02:15,796 PADUCAH, AND BRANDY STATION, 37 00:02:15,963 --> 00:02:18,424 ON THE RED RIVER, THE RAPPAHANNOCK, 38 00:02:18,590 --> 00:02:20,467 AND THE RAPIDAN, 39 00:02:20,634 --> 00:02:24,096 ACROSS THE SUSQUEHANNA AND THE MONONGAHELA, 40 00:02:24,263 --> 00:02:26,348 FROM MOUNT IDA AND MOUNT OLIVE 41 00:02:26,515 --> 00:02:28,684 TO MOUNT ZION, 42 00:02:28,851 --> 00:02:32,104 FROM NINEVAH AND NICKAJACK GAP 43 00:02:32,271 --> 00:02:34,231 TO NEW BERNE, NEW CARTHAGE, 44 00:02:34,398 --> 00:02:36,442 NEW IBERIA, NEW LISBON, 45 00:02:36,608 --> 00:02:38,026 AND NEW HOPE, 46 00:02:38,193 --> 00:02:39,778 FROM THE YAZOO DELTA 47 00:02:39,945 --> 00:02:41,405 TO THE CHICKASAW BLUFFS. 48 00:02:47,661 --> 00:02:50,748 BY 1863, THE TAIPING REBELLION IN CHINA 49 00:02:50,914 --> 00:02:53,542 HAD ENTERED ITS 13th YEAR. 50 00:02:53,709 --> 00:02:57,379 CIVIL WAR BROKE OUT IN AFGHANISTAN. 51 00:02:57,546 --> 00:03:00,382 IN AMERICA, EDDIE CUTHBERT OF THE PHILADELPHIA KEYSTONES 52 00:03:00,549 --> 00:03:03,969 STOLE THE FIRST BASE IN PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL. 53 00:03:04,136 --> 00:03:05,304 THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 54 00:03:05,471 --> 00:03:07,306 WAS FOUNDED IN WASHINGTON. 55 00:03:07,473 --> 00:03:09,641 THE ROLLER SKATE WAS PATENTED, 56 00:03:09,808 --> 00:03:12,102 AND HENRY FORD AND WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST 57 00:03:12,269 --> 00:03:13,437 WERE BORN. 58 00:03:17,900 --> 00:03:21,445 IN 1863, CONFEDERATE GENERAL STONEWALL JACKSON 59 00:03:21,612 --> 00:03:23,489 WOULD BECOME A TERROR TO THE UNION ARMY 60 00:03:23,655 --> 00:03:27,117 AND A LEGEND NORTH AND SOUTH. 61 00:03:27,284 --> 00:03:28,827 JOSHUA LAWRENCE CHAMBERLAIN, 62 00:03:28,994 --> 00:03:30,871 A COLLEGE PROFESSOR FROM MAINE, 63 00:03:31,038 --> 00:03:32,372 WOULD LEAD HIS REGIMENT TO GLORY 64 00:03:32,539 --> 00:03:35,209 ON HILLSIDES IN VIRGINIA AND PENNSYLVANIA. 65 00:03:37,377 --> 00:03:39,755 IN THE WILDERNESS WEST OF FREDERICKSBURG, 66 00:03:39,922 --> 00:03:41,089 ROBERT E. LEE WOULD DEVISE 67 00:03:41,256 --> 00:03:43,550 ONE OF THE MOST DARING AND BRILLIANT BATTLE PLANS 68 00:03:43,717 --> 00:03:46,220 OF THE WAR... 69 00:03:46,386 --> 00:03:48,514 WHILE 1,000 MILES TO THE WEST, 70 00:03:48,680 --> 00:03:51,141 ULYSSES 8. GRANT CONTINUED TO HAMMER AWAY 71 00:03:51,308 --> 00:03:53,435 AT THE REBEL STRONGHOLD AT VICKSBURG. 72 00:03:57,648 --> 00:03:59,316 CONFEDERATE PRIVATE SAM WATKINS 73 00:03:59,483 --> 00:04:01,735 WOULD FIGHT AT MURFREESBORO, SHELBYVILLE, 74 00:04:01,902 --> 00:04:05,823 CHICKAMAUGA, LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN, AND MISSIONARY RIDGE, 75 00:04:05,989 --> 00:04:08,700 AND SOMEHOW SURVIVE, 76 00:04:08,867 --> 00:04:10,327 WHILE ELISHA HUNT RHODES 77 00:04:10,494 --> 00:04:12,663 WOULD HAVE THE BEST FOURTH OF JULY OF HIS LIFE. 78 00:04:16,375 --> 00:04:19,795 IN 1863, DESPITE A NORTHERN VICTORY AT ANTIETAM, 79 00:04:19,962 --> 00:04:21,338 DESPITE EMANCIPATION, 80 00:04:21,505 --> 00:04:25,259 DESPITE A CLEAR SUPERIORITY IN MEN AND MATERIEL, 81 00:04:25,425 --> 00:04:28,262 THE UNION SEEMED CLOSE TO FUMBLING ALL IT HAD. 82 00:04:30,347 --> 00:04:32,182 MEANWHILE, FROM VICKSBURG TO CHARLESTON, 83 00:04:32,349 --> 00:04:34,226 THE FRAGILE CONFEDERATE COALITION 84 00:04:34,393 --> 00:04:36,770 WAS COMING APART, 85 00:04:36,937 --> 00:04:39,982 AND YET SOMEHOW THE CONFEDERACY STAYED ALIVE 86 00:04:40,148 --> 00:04:42,317 BY THE DARING AND LUCK AND GENIUS 87 00:04:42,484 --> 00:04:43,694 OF ITS HIGH COMMAND. 88 00:04:47,489 --> 00:04:50,242 BUT THE BIGGEST TESTS WERE COMING THAT SUMMER 89 00:04:50,409 --> 00:04:53,495 WHERE THE MISSISSIPPI TOOK A SHARP TURN AT VICKSBURG 90 00:04:53,662 --> 00:04:56,373 AND AT A SLEEPY CORNER OF PENNSYLVANIA. 91 00:05:13,932 --> 00:05:19,271 MAN: "MURFREESBORO, TENNESSEE, JANUARY 1, 1863. 92 00:05:19,438 --> 00:05:21,148 "MARTHA, I CAN INFORM YOU 93 00:05:21,315 --> 00:05:23,442 "THAT I HAVE SEEN THE MONKEY SHOW AT LAST, 94 00:05:23,609 --> 00:05:26,528 "AND I DON'T WANT TO SEE IT NO MORE. 95 00:05:26,695 --> 00:05:29,740 "I NEVER WANT TO GO ON ANOTHER FIGHT ANYMORE, SISTER. 96 00:05:29,907 --> 00:05:33,619 "I WANT TO COME HOME WORSE THAN | EVER DID BEFORE. 97 00:05:33,785 --> 00:05:34,745 THOMAS WARWICK." 98 00:05:39,625 --> 00:05:42,377 MAN 2: "CHARLES COFFIN, BOSTON JOURNAL. 99 00:05:42,544 --> 00:05:45,297 "ALL THE SURROUNDING FORESTS HAD DISAPPEARED, 100 00:05:45,464 --> 00:05:48,258 "BUILT INTO HUTS WITH CHIMNEYS OF STICKS AND MUD 101 00:05:48,425 --> 00:05:51,637 "OR CUT FOR BURNING IN THE STONE FIREPLACES. 102 00:05:51,803 --> 00:05:54,222 "THE SOLDIERS WERE DISCOURAGED. 103 00:05:54,389 --> 00:05:56,391 "THEY KNEW THAT THEY HAD FOUGHT BRAVELY 104 00:05:56,558 --> 00:05:58,560 "BUT THAT THERE HAD BEEN MISMANAGEMENT 105 00:05:58,727 --> 00:06:00,604 AND INEFFICIENT GENERALSHIP." 106 00:06:03,065 --> 00:06:04,650 MAN 3: "FALMOUTH, VIRGINIA. 107 00:06:04,816 --> 00:06:06,568 "THIS MORNING, WE FOUND OURSELVES COVERED 108 00:06:06,735 --> 00:06:09,196 "WITH SNOW THAT HAD FALLEN DURING THE NIGHT. 109 00:06:09,363 --> 00:06:10,489 "IT IS TOO COLD TO WRITE. 110 00:06:10,656 --> 00:06:12,032 "HOW I WOULD LIKE TO HAVE 111 00:06:12,199 --> 00:06:15,994 "SOME OF THOSE ON TO RICHMOND FELLOWS OUT HERE WITH US. 112 00:06:16,161 --> 00:06:19,623 ELISHA HUNT RHODES." 113 00:06:19,790 --> 00:06:21,291 NARRATOR: THE MEN OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC 114 00:06:21,458 --> 00:06:23,627 HAD NOT BEEN PAID FOR 6 MONTHS, 115 00:06:23,794 --> 00:06:27,381 AND WHILE ARMY WAREHOUSES AT WASHINGTON BULGED WITH FOOD, 116 00:06:27,547 --> 00:06:29,883 LITTLE OF IT GOT TO THE WINTER CAMP. 117 00:06:30,050 --> 00:06:31,176 MAN: "I DO NOT BELIEVE 118 00:06:31,343 --> 00:06:34,513 "I HAVE EVER SEEN GREATER MISERY FROM SICKNESS 119 00:06:34,680 --> 00:06:38,350 "THAN NOW EXISTS IN OUR ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. 120 00:06:38,517 --> 00:06:41,019 THOMAS F. PERLY, INSPECTOR GENERAL." 121 00:06:43,563 --> 00:06:44,856 NARRATOR: ONE WISCONSIN OFFICER 122 00:06:45,023 --> 00:06:47,442 CALLED THE WINTER CAMP AT FALMOUTH, VIRGINIA, 123 00:06:47,609 --> 00:06:50,404 THE UNION'S VALLEY FORGE. 124 00:06:50,570 --> 00:06:53,448 HUNDREDS DIED FROM SCURVY, DYSENTERY, 125 00:06:53,615 --> 00:06:56,702 TYPHOID, DIPHTHERIA, PNEUMONIA. 126 00:06:56,868 --> 00:06:59,204 THERE WERE EPIDEMICS OF MEASLES, MUMPS, 127 00:06:59,371 --> 00:07:01,289 AND OTHER CHILDHOOD DISEASES. 128 00:07:01,456 --> 00:07:03,041 AND FARM BOYS, CROWDED WITH OTHER MEN 129 00:07:03,208 --> 00:07:04,918 FOR THE FIRST TIME IN THEIR LIVES, 130 00:07:05,085 --> 00:07:06,670 WERE ESPECIALLY SUSCEPTIBLE. 131 00:07:08,505 --> 00:07:10,549 DISEASE WAS THE CHIEF KILLER OF THE WAR, 132 00:07:10,716 --> 00:07:14,011 TAKING TWO FOR EVERY ONE WHO DIED OF BATTLE WOUNDS. 133 00:07:15,971 --> 00:07:17,848 MAN: "ONE OF THE WONDERS OF THESE TIMES 134 00:07:18,015 --> 00:07:19,391 "WAS THE ARMY COUGH. 135 00:07:19,558 --> 00:07:21,059 "IT IS ALMOST A LITERAL FACT 136 00:07:21,226 --> 00:07:25,355 "THAT WHEN 100,000 MEN BEGAN TO STIR AT REVEILLE, 137 00:07:25,522 --> 00:07:26,857 "THE SOUND OF THEIR COUGHING 138 00:07:27,024 --> 00:07:29,568 WOULD DROWN OUT THAT OF THE BEATING DRUMS." 139 00:07:31,903 --> 00:07:33,655 MAN 2: "THE NEWSPAPERS SAY THE ARMY 140 00:07:33,822 --> 00:07:36,033 "IS EAGER FOR ANOTHER FIGHT. 141 00:07:36,199 --> 00:07:37,492 "IT IS FALSE. 142 00:07:37,659 --> 00:07:39,077 "THEY ARE HEARTILY SICK OF BATTLES 143 00:07:39,244 --> 00:07:40,787 THAT PRODUCE NO RESULTS." 144 00:07:42,789 --> 00:07:46,293 MAN 3: "I DON'T THINK I HAVE RECEIVED HALF OF MY LETTERS. 145 00:07:46,460 --> 00:07:49,963 "|T CANNOT BE POSSIBLE THAT ONE IS MY QUOTA 146 00:07:50,130 --> 00:07:51,923 "IN OVER 3 WEEKS FROM HOME. 147 00:07:52,090 --> 00:07:54,259 "I'VE WRITTEN CONSTANTLY FROM EVERY PLACE 148 00:07:54,426 --> 00:07:56,553 "WHERE WE HAVE STOPPED LONG ENOUGH TO WRITE 149 00:07:56,720 --> 00:07:58,388 "AND COULD MAIL A LETTER. 150 00:07:58,555 --> 00:08:01,558 EDWARD HASTINGS RIPLEY." 151 00:08:01,725 --> 00:08:04,770 NARRATOR: 200 MEN DESERTED EVERY DAY. 152 00:08:04,936 --> 00:08:07,314 BY LATE JANUARY, 1/4 OF THE UNION ARMY 153 00:08:07,481 --> 00:08:10,400 WAS ABSENT WITHOUT LEAVE. 154 00:08:10,567 --> 00:08:11,860 ADDED TO THE MEN'S MISERY 155 00:08:12,027 --> 00:08:13,862 WERE MEMORIES OF THE BATTLE THEY HAD FOUGHT 156 00:08:14,029 --> 00:08:17,407 ACROSS THE RAPPAHANNOCK AT FREDERICKSBURG IN DECEMBER. 157 00:08:22,871 --> 00:08:25,957 FOOTE: AT FREDERICKSBURG, THERE WAS A...AN EXCHANGE 158 00:08:26,124 --> 00:08:28,460 ACROSS THE RAPPAHANNOCK. 159 00:08:28,627 --> 00:08:30,295 ONE OF THEM HOLLERED, "HEY, REB," 160 00:08:30,462 --> 00:08:33,715 AND THEY SAID, "YEAH?" 161 00:08:33,882 --> 00:08:36,301 "WHEN ARE YOU FELLAS GOING TO COME OVER?" 162 00:08:36,468 --> 00:08:37,844 THEY SAID, "WHEN WE GET GOOD AND READY. 163 00:08:38,011 --> 00:08:38,845 WHAT DO YOU WANT?" 164 00:08:39,012 --> 00:08:40,680 AND THEY SAID, "WANT FREDERICKSBURG." 165 00:08:40,847 --> 00:08:42,474 "DON'T YOU WISH, YOU MAY GET IT!" 166 00:08:42,641 --> 00:08:43,600 AND THINGS LIKE THAT. 167 00:08:43,767 --> 00:08:45,602 THERE WERE A LOT OF THOSE EXCHANGES. 168 00:08:47,604 --> 00:08:50,482 NARRATOR: A LINE OF HILLS OVERLOOKED FREDERICKSBURG, VIRGINIA, 169 00:08:50,649 --> 00:08:52,692 A KEY CONFEDERATE TRANSPORTATION LINK 170 00:08:52,859 --> 00:08:56,321 MIDWAY BETWEEN RICHMOND AND WASHINGTON. 171 00:08:56,488 --> 00:08:59,074 UNION GENERAL AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE'S PLAN 172 00:08:59,241 --> 00:09:02,119 HAD BEEN TO CROSS THE RAPPAHANNOCK BY PONTOON, 173 00:09:02,285 --> 00:09:03,328 OCCUPY THE TOWN, 174 00:09:03,495 --> 00:09:07,624 THEN TAKE THE THINLY DEFENDED HEIGHTS. 175 00:09:07,791 --> 00:09:11,628 BOLD ACTION DID NOT COME NATURALLY TO AMBROSE BURNSIDE, 176 00:09:11,795 --> 00:09:13,338 THOUGH HE HAD LED HIS MEN TO FREDERICKSBURG 177 00:09:13,505 --> 00:09:14,714 DETERMINED TO DISPLAY 178 00:09:14,881 --> 00:09:17,759 THE FIGHTING SPIRIT HIS PREDECESSOR GEORGE MCCLELLAN 179 00:09:17,926 --> 00:09:19,928 HAD SO CONSPICUOUSLY LACKED. 180 00:09:22,389 --> 00:09:24,391 BUT NOW THE WAR DEPARTMENT FAILED HIM, 181 00:09:24,558 --> 00:09:25,851 AND 17 DAYS PASSED 182 00:09:26,017 --> 00:09:29,396 WAITING FOR PONTOON BRIDGES TO ARRIVE. 183 00:09:29,563 --> 00:09:31,898 BY THE TIME THE BRIDGE WAS IN PLACE, 184 00:09:32,065 --> 00:09:36,695 LEE HAD 75,000 MEN WAITING IN THE HILLS. 185 00:09:36,862 --> 00:09:40,073 STONEWALL JACKSON WAS ON THE RIGHT, 186 00:09:40,240 --> 00:09:41,658 JAMES LONGSTREET ON THE LEFT 187 00:09:41,825 --> 00:09:43,994 ALONG A BLUFF CALLED MARYE'S HEIGHTS. 188 00:09:47,205 --> 00:09:48,206 FROM THE TOP OF THE HEIGHTS, 189 00:09:48,373 --> 00:09:50,333 LEE COULD JUST SEE CHATHAM MANSION 190 00:09:50,500 --> 00:09:52,586 ACROSS THE RIVER ON THE UNION SIDE, 191 00:09:52,752 --> 00:09:53,920 WHERE 30 YEARS BEFORE 192 00:09:54,087 --> 00:09:56,923 HE HAD COURTED HIS WIFE MARY CUSTIS. 193 00:09:57,090 --> 00:09:59,217 IT WAS NOW BURNSIDE'S HEADQUARTERS. 194 00:10:02,095 --> 00:10:03,388 ON DECEMBER 11, 195 00:10:03,555 --> 00:10:05,807 UNION GUNS BEGAN SHELLING FREDERICKSBURG, 196 00:10:05,974 --> 00:10:09,603 SETTING MUCH OF THE TOWN ON FIRE. 197 00:10:09,769 --> 00:10:11,730 THEN THE TROOPS STARTED ACROSS THE RIVER. 198 00:10:14,524 --> 00:10:15,901 SOME WONDERED WHY THE CONFEDERATES 199 00:10:16,067 --> 00:10:18,737 DID NOT MAKE IT HARDER FOR THEM TO CROSS. 200 00:10:18,904 --> 00:10:20,989 "THEY WANT TO GET US IN," ONE PRIVATE SAID. 201 00:10:21,156 --> 00:10:23,867 "GETTING OUT WON'T BE QUITE SO SMART AND EASY." 202 00:10:27,579 --> 00:10:29,372 WHILE WAITING TO ATTACK THE HEIGHTS, 203 00:10:29,539 --> 00:10:31,875 UNION MEN LOOTED WHAT WAS LEFT OF THE TOWN. 204 00:10:37,797 --> 00:10:41,801 THE GREAT ASSAULT CAME TWO DAYS LATER ON DECEMBER 13. 205 00:10:41,968 --> 00:10:45,263 FEDERAL FORCES ADVANCED TOWARD MARYE'S HEIGHTS. 206 00:10:45,430 --> 00:10:48,099 LEE COULD NOT BELIEVE THE ENEMY WOULD BE SO FOOLISH. 207 00:10:48,266 --> 00:10:51,519 HIS ARTILLERY COVERED ALL THE APPROACHES. 208 00:10:51,686 --> 00:10:54,356 4 LINES OF RIFLEMEN WAITED BEHIND A STONE WALL 209 00:10:54,522 --> 00:10:56,733 THAT RAN ALONG THE BASE OF THE HILL. 210 00:10:56,900 --> 00:10:59,486 "GENERAL," AN OFFICER ASSURED JAMES LONGSTREET, 211 00:10:59,653 --> 00:11:01,488 "A CHICKEN COULD NOT LIVE IN THAT FIELD 212 00:11:01,655 --> 00:11:02,781 WHEN WE OPEN ON IT." 213 00:11:05,075 --> 00:11:07,118 MAN: "HOW BEAUTIFULLY THEY CAME ON. 214 00:11:07,285 --> 00:11:09,162 "THEIR BRIGHT BAYONETS GLISTENING IN THE SUNLIGHT 215 00:11:09,329 --> 00:11:13,166 "MADE THE LINE LOOK LIKE A HUGE SERPENT OF BLUE AND STEEL. 216 00:11:13,333 --> 00:11:15,126 "WE COULD SEE OUR SHELLS BURSTING IN THEIR RANKS, 217 00:11:15,293 --> 00:11:16,962 "MAKING GREAT GAPS, BUT ON THEY CAME, 218 00:11:17,128 --> 00:11:20,632 "AS THOUGH THEY WOULD GO STRAIGHT THROUGH US AND OVER US. 219 00:11:20,799 --> 00:11:23,426 "NOW WE GAVE THEM CANISTER, AND THAT STAGGERED THEM. 220 00:11:23,593 --> 00:11:24,719 "A FEW MORE PACES ONWARD, 221 00:11:24,886 --> 00:11:26,805 "AND THE GEORGIANS IN THE ROAD BELOW US ROSE UP 222 00:11:26,972 --> 00:11:28,473 "AND LET LOOSE ASTORM OF LEAD 223 00:11:28,640 --> 00:11:32,269 INTO THE FACES OF THE ADVANCING BRIGADE." 224 00:11:32,435 --> 00:11:34,646 MAN 2: "THE BRILLIANT ASSAULT OF THEIR IRISH BRIGADE 225 00:11:34,813 --> 00:11:36,648 "WAS BEYOND DESCRIPTION. 226 00:11:36,815 --> 00:11:38,191 "WE FORGOT THEY WERE FIGHTING US, 227 00:11:38,358 --> 00:11:41,486 "AND CHEER AFTER CHEER AT THEIR FEARLESSNESS WENT UP 228 00:11:41,653 --> 00:11:43,488 "ALONG OUR LINES. 229 00:11:43,655 --> 00:11:45,031 GENERAL GEORGE PICKETT." 230 00:11:48,326 --> 00:11:50,829 NARRATOR: IT WAS SUICIDE. 231 00:11:50,996 --> 00:11:52,706 "THEY CAME FORWARD," ONE MAN SAID, 232 00:11:52,872 --> 00:11:56,167 "AS THOUGH THEY WERE BREASTING ASTORM OF RAIN AND SLEET. 233 00:11:56,334 --> 00:11:59,170 "FACES AND BODIES HALF TURNED TO THE STORM. 234 00:11:59,337 --> 00:12:01,673 SHOULDERS SHRUGGED." 235 00:12:01,840 --> 00:12:05,635 THE IRISH BRIGADE GOT WITHIN 25 PACES OF THE WALL. 236 00:12:05,802 --> 00:12:08,346 THE MEN OF THE 24th GEORGIA WHO SHOT THEM DOWN 237 00:12:08,513 --> 00:12:09,681 WERE IRISH, TOO. 238 00:12:11,850 --> 00:12:14,352 AUNION OFFICER WATCHING FROM A CHURCH STEEPLE 239 00:12:14,519 --> 00:12:18,648 SAW BRIGADE AFTER BRIGADE CHARGE THE STONE WALL. 240 00:12:18,815 --> 00:12:20,025 "THEY SEEMED TO MELT," HE SAID, 241 00:12:20,191 --> 00:12:23,153 "LIKE SNOW COMING DOWN ON WARM GROUND." 242 00:12:27,365 --> 00:12:30,076 FOOTE: THEY STILL BELIEVED THAT TO TAKE A POSITION, 243 00:12:30,243 --> 00:12:33,163 YOU MASSED YOUR MEN AND MOVED UP 244 00:12:33,330 --> 00:12:34,831 AND GAVE THEM THE BAYONET. 245 00:12:34,998 --> 00:12:36,708 THERE WERE PRACTICALLY NO BAYONET WOUNDS 246 00:12:36,875 --> 00:12:38,168 IN THE CIVIL WAR MUCH MORE THAN THERE WERE 247 00:12:38,335 --> 00:12:40,503 IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR OR THE SECOND. 248 00:12:40,670 --> 00:12:42,380 THEY NEVER CAME IN THAT KIND OF CONTACT, 249 00:12:42,547 --> 00:12:45,342 OR AT LEAST VERY SELDOM CAME IN THAT KIND OF CONTACT, 250 00:12:45,508 --> 00:12:47,594 BUT THEY STILL THOUGHT THAT TO MASS THEIR FIRE 251 00:12:47,761 --> 00:12:48,553 THEY HAD TO MASS THEIR MEN. 252 00:12:48,720 --> 00:12:49,763 SO THEY LINED UP 253 00:12:49,929 --> 00:12:51,765 AND MARCHED UP TOWARD AN ENTRENCHED LINE 254 00:12:51,931 --> 00:12:53,224 AND GOT BLOWN AWAY. 255 00:12:53,391 --> 00:12:57,562 CANNON FIRE 256 00:12:57,729 --> 00:13:00,315 HORSE NEIGHS 257 00:13:00,482 --> 00:13:03,902 NARRATOR: 14 ASSAULTS WERE BEATEN BACK FROM MARYE'S HEIGHTS 258 00:13:04,069 --> 00:13:08,239 BEFORE BURNSIDE DECIDED IT COULD NOT BE TAKEN. 259 00:13:08,406 --> 00:13:11,743 9,000 MEN FELL BEFORE THE CONFEDERATE GUNS. 260 00:13:14,245 --> 00:13:17,415 MORE CREDIT FOR VALOR IS GIVEN TO CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS. 261 00:13:17,582 --> 00:13:20,919 THEY'RE SUPPOSED TO HAVE HAD MORE ELAN AND DASH. 262 00:13:21,086 --> 00:13:23,922 ACTUALLY, I KNOW OF NO BRAVER MEN IN EITHER ARMY 263 00:13:24,089 --> 00:13:25,924 THAN THE UNION TROOPS AT FREDERICKSBURG, 264 00:13:26,091 --> 00:13:27,967 WHICH IS A SERIOUS DEFEAT. 265 00:13:28,134 --> 00:13:29,761 BUT TO KEEP CHARGING THAT WALL 266 00:13:29,928 --> 00:13:31,096 AT THE FOOT OF MARYE'S HEIGHTS, 267 00:13:31,262 --> 00:13:32,972 AFTER ALL THE FAILURES THERE HAD BEEN-- 268 00:13:33,139 --> 00:13:39,229 AND THEY WERE ALL FAILURES-- IS A SINGULAR INSTANCE OF VALOR. 269 00:13:39,396 --> 00:13:43,108 NARRATOR: WATCHING FROM ABOVE, EVEN ROBERT E. LEE WAS MOVED. 270 00:13:43,274 --> 00:13:46,361 "IT IS WELL," HE SAID, "THAT WAR IS SO TERRIBLE. 271 00:13:46,528 --> 00:13:48,071 WE SHOULD GROW TOO FOND OF IT." 272 00:13:51,991 --> 00:13:53,827 COLONEL JOSHUA LAWRENCE CHAMBERLAIN 273 00:13:53,993 --> 00:13:55,245 AND HIS 20th MAINE 274 00:13:55,412 --> 00:13:56,996 WERE AMONG THE THOUSANDS OF UNION MEN 275 00:13:57,163 --> 00:14:00,125 PINNED DOWN AT THE FOOT OF THE HEIGHTS. 276 00:14:00,291 --> 00:14:02,710 THAT NIGHT, THE TEMPERATURE FELL BELOW FREEZING, 277 00:14:02,877 --> 00:14:04,212 AND A STIFF WIND BLEW. 278 00:14:06,297 --> 00:14:10,176 MEN NOW FROZE AS WELL AS BLED TO DEATH. 279 00:14:10,343 --> 00:14:13,221 NIGHT BROUGHT QUIET. 280 00:14:13,388 --> 00:14:15,932 MAN AS CHAMBERLAIN: "BUT OUT OF THAT SILENCE ROSE NEW SOUNDS, 281 00:14:16,099 --> 00:14:19,144 "MORE APPALLING STILL-- A STRANGE VENTRILOQUISM, 282 00:14:19,310 --> 00:14:22,564 "OF WHICH YOU COULD NOT LOCATE THE SOURCE. 283 00:14:22,730 --> 00:14:25,108 "A SMOTHERED MOAN, 284 00:14:25,275 --> 00:14:27,777 "AS IF ATHOUSAND DISCORDS WERE FLOWING TOGETHER 285 00:14:27,944 --> 00:14:29,779 "INTO A KEYNOTE-- 286 00:14:29,946 --> 00:14:33,450 "WEIRD, UNEARTHLY, TERRIBLE TO HEAR AND BEAR, 287 00:14:33,616 --> 00:14:36,870 "YET STARTLING WITH ITS NEARNESS. 288 00:14:37,036 --> 00:14:40,165 "THE WRITHING CONCORD BROKEN BY CRIES FOR HELP. 289 00:14:40,331 --> 00:14:42,584 "SOME BEGGING FOR A DROP OF WATER, 290 00:14:42,750 --> 00:14:45,128 "SOME CALLING ON GOD FOR PITY, 291 00:14:45,295 --> 00:14:47,672 "AND SOME ON FRIENDLY HANDS TO FINISH 292 00:14:47,839 --> 00:14:51,801 "WHAT THE ENEMY HAD SO HORRIBLY BEGUN. 293 00:14:51,968 --> 00:14:54,721 "SOME WITH DELIRIOUS, DREAMY VOICES 294 00:14:54,888 --> 00:14:56,139 "MURMURING LOVED NAMES 295 00:14:56,306 --> 00:14:58,475 AS IF THE DEAREST WERE BENDING OVER THEM." 296 00:15:01,060 --> 00:15:04,856 "AND UNDERNEATH, ALL THE TIME, 297 00:15:05,023 --> 00:15:08,359 "THE DEEP BASS NOTE FROM CLOSED LIPS 298 00:15:08,526 --> 00:15:13,364 TOO HOPELESS OR TOO HEROIC TO ARTICULATE THEIR AGONY." 299 00:15:16,951 --> 00:15:20,038 "AT LAST, OUTWEARIED AND DEPRESSED, 300 00:15:20,205 --> 00:15:21,748 "| MOVED TWO DEAD MEN ALITTLE 301 00:15:21,915 --> 00:15:23,333 "AND LAY DOWN BETWEEN THEM, 302 00:15:23,500 --> 00:15:26,878 "MAKING APILLOW OF THE BREAST OF ATHIRD, 303 00:15:27,045 --> 00:15:29,923 "DREW THE FLAP OF HIS OVERCOAT OVER MY FACE 304 00:15:30,089 --> 00:15:32,467 "AND TRIED TO SLEEP. 305 00:15:32,634 --> 00:15:34,052 JOSHUA LAWRENCE CHAMBERLAIN." 306 00:15:37,347 --> 00:15:38,723 NARRATOR: THEY WERE STUCK THERE ALL NIGHT 307 00:15:38,890 --> 00:15:40,225 AND ALL THE NEXT DAY, 308 00:15:40,391 --> 00:15:43,228 CROUCHING BEHINDAWALL OF THEIR OWN DEAD, 309 00:15:43,394 --> 00:15:45,271 TRYING NOT TO HEAR THE CONFEDERATE BULLETS 310 00:15:45,438 --> 00:15:47,857 THUDDING INTO THE CORPSES OF THEIR FRIENDS. 311 00:15:51,236 --> 00:15:52,987 BURNSIDE, OPENLY WEEPING, 312 00:15:53,154 --> 00:15:56,699 DECLARED THAT HE HIMSELF WOULD LEAD THE NEW ATTACK. 313 00:15:56,866 --> 00:15:58,451 SUBORDINATES TALKED HIM OUT OF IT. 314 00:16:01,871 --> 00:16:03,790 THAT NIGHT, CHAMBERLAIN AND HIS MEN 315 00:16:03,957 --> 00:16:07,252 SCRAPED OUT SHALLOW GRAVES FOR THE DEAD. 316 00:16:07,418 --> 00:16:08,211 AS THEY WORKED, 317 00:16:08,378 --> 00:16:10,255 THE NORTHERN LIGHTS BEGAN TO DANCE 318 00:16:10,421 --> 00:16:11,464 IN THE WINTER SKY. 319 00:16:13,424 --> 00:16:16,177 MAN AS CHAMBERLAIN: "WHO WOULD NOT PASS ON AS THEY DID? 320 00:16:16,344 --> 00:16:18,429 "DEAD FOR THEIR COUNTRY'S LIFE 321 00:16:18,596 --> 00:16:21,307 "AND LIGHTED TO BURIAL BY THE METEOR SPLENDORS 322 00:16:21,474 --> 00:16:22,559 OF THEIR NATIVE SKY." 323 00:16:27,230 --> 00:16:29,399 IT WAS VERY UNUSUAL TO SEE THE NORTHERN LIGHTS 324 00:16:29,566 --> 00:16:30,942 THAT FAR SOUTH, 325 00:16:31,109 --> 00:16:34,737 BUT THE WHOLE HEAVENS WERE LIT UP WITH STREAMERS OF FIRE, 326 00:16:34,904 --> 00:16:36,948 AND WHATEVER THE NORTHERN LIGHTS ARE. 327 00:16:37,115 --> 00:16:39,951 AND THE CONFEDERATES TOOK IT AS A SIGN 328 00:16:40,118 --> 00:16:41,411 THAT GOD ALMIGHTY HIMSELF 329 00:16:41,578 --> 00:16:43,663 WAS CELEBRATING A CONFEDERATE VICTORY. 330 00:16:46,332 --> 00:16:47,792 MAN: "THE SLAUGHTER IS TERRIBLE, 331 00:16:47,959 --> 00:16:50,795 "THE RESULT, DISASTROUS. 332 00:16:50,962 --> 00:16:52,213 "UNTIL WE HAVE GOOD GENERALS, 333 00:16:52,380 --> 00:16:54,299 IT IS USELESS TO FIGHT BATTLES." 334 00:16:59,429 --> 00:17:03,850 NARRATOR: THE UNION HAD LOST 12,600 MEN. 335 00:17:04,017 --> 00:17:07,854 THE SOUTH HAD LOST 5,300 MEN, 336 00:17:08,021 --> 00:17:09,981 BUT MANY OF THEM WERE ONLY MISSING-- 337 00:17:10,148 --> 00:17:11,608 GONE HOME FOR CHRISTMAS. 338 00:17:14,485 --> 00:17:18,448 THE BATTERED UNION ARMY LIMPED BACK ACROSS THE RIVER. 339 00:17:18,615 --> 00:17:21,743 ICY RAIN BEGAN TO FALL. 340 00:17:21,909 --> 00:17:23,369 FROM THE RUINS OF FREDERICKSBURG, 341 00:17:23,536 --> 00:17:26,247 CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS OPENLY TAUNTED THE UNION TROOPS 342 00:17:26,414 --> 00:17:29,292 HUDDLED MISERABLY ON THE FAR SIDE OF THE RAPPAHANNOCK. 343 00:17:35,131 --> 00:17:36,924 FOOTE: AFTER THE BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG, 344 00:17:37,091 --> 00:17:39,010 THE CONFEDERATES WENT BACK INTO THE TOWN, 345 00:17:39,177 --> 00:17:40,803 AND THEY SAW ALL THE DAMAGE THAT HAD BEEN DONE 346 00:17:40,970 --> 00:17:42,513 DURING THE UNION OCCUPATION OF THE TOWN-- 347 00:17:42,680 --> 00:17:45,850 IT WAS A GREAT DEAL OF DAMAGE, REAL VANDALISM-- 348 00:17:46,017 --> 00:17:47,101 AND THEY WERE SHOCKED. 349 00:17:47,268 --> 00:17:49,812 AND SOMEONE ON JACKSON'S STAFF SAID, 350 00:17:49,979 --> 00:17:50,938 "HOW ARE WE GOING TO PUT AN END 351 00:17:51,105 --> 00:17:53,274 TO ALL THIS KIND OF THING?" 352 00:17:53,441 --> 00:17:56,235 AND JACKSON SAID, "KILL THEM. KILL THEM ALL." 353 00:18:02,867 --> 00:18:04,452 WOMAN: "CLARKSVILLE. 354 00:18:04,619 --> 00:18:07,246 "THOSE HATEFUL GUNBOATS. 355 00:18:07,413 --> 00:18:10,750 "THEY LOOKED LIKE THEY WERE FROM THE LOWER REGIONS. 356 00:18:10,917 --> 00:18:12,085 "NOW THIS IS THE SECOND NIGHT 357 00:18:12,251 --> 00:18:14,545 "THAT 4 OF THEM HAVE BEEN ANCHORED IN THE RIVER 358 00:18:14,712 --> 00:18:16,881 "OPPOSITE OUR HOUSE. 359 00:18:17,048 --> 00:18:19,550 "| SEE THE MEN CRAWLING ABOUT ON THE BOATS 360 00:18:19,717 --> 00:18:22,887 "LIKE SO MANY BLACK SNAKES. 361 00:18:23,054 --> 00:18:24,347 NANNIE HASKINS." 362 00:18:26,057 --> 00:18:28,518 NARRATOR: 1,500 UNION MEN WERE NOW STATIONED 363 00:18:28,685 --> 00:18:30,353 AT CLARKSVILLE, TENNESSEE. 364 00:18:30,520 --> 00:18:32,063 NO ONE COULD ENTER OR LEAVE THE TOWN 365 00:18:32,230 --> 00:18:34,899 WITHOUT A MILITARY PASS. 366 00:18:35,066 --> 00:18:38,861 "EVERY DAY," MRS. D.N. KENNEDY WROTE HER HUSBAND IN GEORGIA, 367 00:18:39,028 --> 00:18:40,488 "THE REINS ARE TIGHTENED." 368 00:18:46,077 --> 00:18:47,203 ON DEER ISLE, MAINE, 369 00:18:47,370 --> 00:18:49,414 THE PARENTS OF PRIVATE HARLTON POWERS 370 00:18:49,580 --> 00:18:52,542 LEARNED THAT HE WAS AMONG THE MISSING AT FREDERICKSBURG. 371 00:18:52,709 --> 00:18:56,295 IN FACT, HIS FELLOW SOLDIERS WERE CERTAIN HE WAS DEAD, 372 00:18:56,462 --> 00:18:58,423 BUT HAD BEEN UNABLE TO RECOGNIZE HIS BODY 373 00:18:58,589 --> 00:19:02,593 AMONG THE SWOLLEN, BLACKENED UNION CORPSES. 374 00:19:02,760 --> 00:19:05,555 HIS FATHER PLACED A STONE TO HIS MEMORY ANYWAY 375 00:19:05,722 --> 00:19:09,767 IN THE LITTLE CEMETERY AT SOUTHWEST HARBOR. 376 00:19:09,934 --> 00:19:12,103 PRIVATE ALFRED ROBBINS, AGE 20, 377 00:19:12,270 --> 00:19:14,439 COLLAPSED AND DIED WHILE ON HIS WAY TO MAILA LETTER 378 00:19:14,605 --> 00:19:17,358 IN CAMP NEAR PORT HUDSON, LOUISIANA. 379 00:19:17,525 --> 00:19:20,278 THE CAUSE WAS NEVER DISCOVERED. 380 00:19:20,445 --> 00:19:22,947 IN MARCH, CORPORAL FARNUM HASKELL'S COFFIN 381 00:19:23,114 --> 00:19:24,949 CAME HOME FROM LOUISIANA 382 00:19:25,116 --> 00:19:27,618 AND WAS BURIED AT MOUNT ADAMS CEMETERY, 383 00:19:27,785 --> 00:19:29,954 DESPITE THE GREAT DIFFICULTY OF DIGGING A GRAVE 384 00:19:30,121 --> 00:19:31,539 IN THE FROZEN GROUND. 385 00:19:39,213 --> 00:19:42,592 DURING THE LONG, COLD, RAINY WINTER OF 1863, 386 00:19:42,759 --> 00:19:45,428 CONFEDERATE FORCES HUDDLED IN DEFENSIVE POSITIONS 387 00:19:45,595 --> 00:19:49,515 SOUTH OF THE DUCK RIVER NEAR TULLAHOMA, TENNESSEE. 388 00:19:49,682 --> 00:19:51,309 CONFEDERATE OFFICERS LIKED TO EXPLAIN 389 00:19:51,476 --> 00:19:54,645 THAT TULLAHOMA CAME FROM THE GREEK WORD TULLA, 390 00:19:54,812 --> 00:19:55,897 MEANING MUD, 391 00:19:56,063 --> 00:19:58,274 AND HOMA, MEANING MORE MUD. 392 00:20:01,110 --> 00:20:03,529 THE CONFEDERACY WAS ON THE MOVE. 393 00:20:03,696 --> 00:20:05,990 CONFEDERATE GENERAL JOHN C. PEMBERTON 394 00:20:06,157 --> 00:20:07,325 BEAT BACK UNION FORCES 395 00:20:07,492 --> 00:20:09,660 TRYING TO TAKE THE CHICKASAW BLUFFS 396 00:20:09,827 --> 00:20:12,163 NORTH OF VICKSBURG. 397 00:20:12,330 --> 00:20:14,123 JOHN MORGAN'S CONFEDERATE CAVALRY 398 00:20:14,290 --> 00:20:16,250 RAIDED KENTUCKY, BURNING BRIDGES, 399 00:20:16,417 --> 00:20:17,543 TWISTING TRAIN TRACKS, 400 00:20:17,710 --> 00:20:21,839 AND TAKING 2,000 UNION PRISONERS. 401 00:20:22,006 --> 00:20:23,216 AND NATHAN BEDFORD FORREST 402 00:20:23,382 --> 00:20:27,386 WAS DRIVING THE UNION ARMY MAD EVERYWHERE HE WENT-- 403 00:20:27,553 --> 00:20:30,389 STEALING HORSES, HARRYING SUPPLY LINES, 404 00:20:30,556 --> 00:20:33,351 ATTACKING ARMIES 4 TIMES THE STRENGTH OF HIS, 405 00:20:33,518 --> 00:20:36,687 THEN DISAPPEARING WITHOUT ATRACE. 406 00:20:36,854 --> 00:20:39,482 IN TWO WEEKS, FORREST STOLE 10,000 RIFLES, 407 00:20:39,649 --> 00:20:42,068 WRECKED $3 MILLION WORTH OF EQUIPMENT, 408 00:20:42,235 --> 00:20:43,861 CUT U.S. GRANT'S LIFE LINES, 409 00:20:44,028 --> 00:20:45,530 AND FORCED HIM TO RETREAT. 410 00:20:51,494 --> 00:20:53,579 IN TEXAS, GENERAL JOHN B. MAGRUDER 411 00:20:53,746 --> 00:20:56,833 CAPTURED A UNION FLOTILLA AT GALVESTON. 412 00:20:56,999 --> 00:20:58,417 AFTER THE BOMBARDMENT WAS OVER, 413 00:20:58,584 --> 00:21:00,545 CONFEDERATE MAJOR A.M. LEA 414 00:21:00,711 --> 00:21:04,465 WENT ABOARD THE BADLY HIT U.S.S. HARRIET LANE. 415 00:21:04,632 --> 00:21:07,885 THERE HE FOUND HIS SON, A FEDERAL LIEUTENANT, 416 00:21:08,052 --> 00:21:09,220 DYING ON THE DECK. 417 00:21:16,602 --> 00:21:19,564 MAN AS RHODES: "JANUARY 24, NEAR FALMOUTH. 418 00:21:19,730 --> 00:21:22,483 "DAYLIGHT SHOWED A STRANGE SCENE. 419 00:21:22,650 --> 00:21:25,862 "MEN, HORSES, ARTILLERY, PONTOONS, AND WAGONS 420 00:21:26,028 --> 00:21:28,030 "WERE STUCK IN THE MUD. 421 00:21:28,197 --> 00:21:29,907 "REBELS PUT UPA SIGN MARKED 422 00:21:30,074 --> 00:21:32,660 "'BURNSIDE STUCK IN THE MUD.l 423 00:21:32,827 --> 00:21:36,664 "WE CAN FIGHT REBELS, BUT NOT IN THE MUD. 424 00:21:36,831 --> 00:21:37,874 ELISHA HUNT RHODES." 425 00:21:49,427 --> 00:21:51,929 MAN GIVING DRILL COMMANDS 426 00:21:52,096 --> 00:21:55,057 MAN: "I WISH YOU COULD HEAR JOSHUA GIVE OFF A COMMAND 427 00:21:55,224 --> 00:21:56,976 "AND SEE HIM RIDE ALONG THE BATTALION 428 00:21:57,143 --> 00:21:58,936 "ON HIS WHITE HORSE. 429 00:21:59,103 --> 00:22:00,396 "HE LOOKED SO SPLENDIDLY. 430 00:22:00,563 --> 00:22:01,606 "HE TOLD ME LAST NIGHT 431 00:22:01,772 --> 00:22:04,692 "THAT HE NEVER FELT SO WELL IN HIS LIFE. 432 00:22:04,859 --> 00:22:05,860 TOM CHAMBERLAIN." 433 00:22:07,945 --> 00:22:09,155 MAN AS JOSHUA CHAMBERLAIN: "WHAT MAKES IT STRANGE 434 00:22:09,322 --> 00:22:11,115 "IS THAT I SHOULD HAVE GAINED 12 POUNDS 435 00:22:11,282 --> 00:22:12,658 LIVING ON WORMS." 436 00:22:30,468 --> 00:22:33,220 MAN 2: "WE LIVE 80 MEAN HERE THAT HARD BREAD IS ALL WORM, 437 00:22:33,387 --> 00:22:34,972 "AND THE MEAT STINKS LIKE HELL. 438 00:22:35,139 --> 00:22:36,682 "AND RICE TWO OR 3 TIMES AWEEK, 439 00:22:36,849 --> 00:22:39,518 "AND WORMS AS LONG AS YOUR FINGER. 440 00:22:39,685 --> 00:22:42,480 | LIKED RICE ONCE, BUT GODDAMN THE STUFF NOW." 441 00:22:44,482 --> 00:22:46,317 MAN 3: "IT WAS NO UNCOMMON OCCURRENCE 442 00:22:46,484 --> 00:22:49,737 "FORA MAN TO FIND THE SURFACE OF HIS POT OF COFFEE 443 00:22:49,904 --> 00:22:51,155 "SWIMMING WITH WEEVILS 444 00:22:51,322 --> 00:22:53,991 "AFTER BREAKING UP HARDTACK IN IT, 445 00:22:54,158 --> 00:22:55,826 "BUT THEY WERE EASILY SKIMMED OFF 446 00:22:55,993 --> 00:22:58,871 AND LEFT NO DISTINCTIVE FLAVOR BEHIND." 447 00:23:00,790 --> 00:23:03,000 MAN 4: "TELL MA THAT I THINK OF HER BEANS AND COLLARDS OFTEN 448 00:23:03,167 --> 00:23:06,462 "AND WISH FOR SOME, BUT WISHING DOES NO GOOD. 449 00:23:06,629 --> 00:23:08,422 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN JACKSON." 450 00:23:09,840 --> 00:23:12,551 NARRATOR: UNION TROOPS WERE ISSUED BEANS; BACON; 451 00:23:12,718 --> 00:23:15,429 PICKLED BEEF-- CALLED SALT HORSE BY THE MEN-- 452 00:23:15,596 --> 00:23:18,391 DESICCATED, COMPRESSED MIXED VEGETABLES; 453 00:23:18,557 --> 00:23:21,769 AND HARDTACK--SQUARE FLOUR AND WATER BISCUITS 454 00:23:21,936 --> 00:23:26,065 HARD ENOUGH, SOME SAID, THEY COULD STOP BULLETS. 455 00:23:26,232 --> 00:23:29,193 FOOTE: IN THE SOUTHERN ARMY, YOU ATE SOMETHING CALLED SLOOSH. 456 00:23:29,360 --> 00:23:31,862 YOU GOT ISSUED CORNMEAL AND BACON, 457 00:23:32,029 --> 00:23:33,072 AND YOU FRIED THE BACON, 458 00:23:33,239 --> 00:23:36,033 WHICH LEFTA GREAT DEAL OF GREASE IN THE PAN. 459 00:23:36,200 --> 00:23:37,368 THEN YOU TOOK THE CORNMEAL 460 00:23:37,535 --> 00:23:39,370 AND SWIRLED IT AROUND IN THE GREASE 461 00:23:39,537 --> 00:23:40,788 TO MAKE THE DOUGH. 462 00:23:40,955 --> 00:23:43,332 THEN YOU MIGHT TAKE THE DOUGH AND MAKE A SNAKE OF IT 463 00:23:43,499 --> 00:23:44,709 AND PUT IT AROUND YOUR RAMROD 464 00:23:44,875 --> 00:23:46,919 AND COOK IT OVER THE CAMPFIRE. 465 00:23:47,086 --> 00:23:48,921 THAT WAS CALLED SLOOSH. 466 00:23:49,088 --> 00:23:50,047 THEY ATE A LOT OF THAT. 467 00:23:52,341 --> 00:23:56,012 NARRATOR: COFFEE WAS THE PREFERRED DRINK OF BOTH ARMIES. 468 00:23:56,178 --> 00:23:59,306 UNION TROOPS CRUSHED THE BEANS WITH THEIR RIFLE BUTTS, 469 00:23:59,473 --> 00:24:01,559 DRANK 4 PINTS OF IT A DAY-- 470 00:24:01,726 --> 00:24:06,147 STRONG ENOUGH, ONE MAN SAID, TO FLOAT AN IRON WEDGE-- 471 00:24:06,313 --> 00:24:08,107 AND WHEN THEY COULD NOT BUILD A FIRE, 472 00:24:08,274 --> 00:24:09,942 WERE CONTENT TO CHEW THE GROUNDS. 473 00:24:11,610 --> 00:24:13,404 SOUTHERNERS MADE DO WITH SUBSTITUTES 474 00:24:13,571 --> 00:24:18,909 BREWED FROM PEANUTS, POTATOES, AND CHICORY. 475 00:24:19,076 --> 00:24:21,078 MAN: "WE HAVE BEEN LIVING ON THE CONTENTS 476 00:24:21,245 --> 00:24:22,872 "OF THOSE BOXES YOU SENT TO US. 477 00:24:23,039 --> 00:24:25,875 "NOTHING WAS SPOILED EXCEPT THAT CARD OF BISCUITS. 478 00:24:26,042 --> 00:24:26,959 "THOSE WERE MOLDED SOME, 479 00:24:27,126 --> 00:24:29,754 "BUT WE USED OVER HALF OF THEM IN A SOUP. 480 00:24:29,920 --> 00:24:32,381 "THANK MR. BERDICTS ATHOUSAND TIMES FOR ME, 481 00:24:32,548 --> 00:24:35,176 "ALSO MRS. MAXSON FOR THOSE PIES, 482 00:24:35,342 --> 00:24:36,886 "AND THOSE FRIED CAKES AND GINGERSNAPS 483 00:24:37,053 --> 00:24:37,928 "ARE FIRST-RATE. 484 00:24:38,095 --> 00:24:39,597 "AND THE DRIED BERRIES, THEY'RE NICE, 485 00:24:39,764 --> 00:24:41,307 "AND THE DRIED BEEF AND APPLESAUCE-- 486 00:24:41,474 --> 00:24:42,850 THAT WAS FIRST-RATE." 487 00:24:46,771 --> 00:24:50,399 MAN AS MCCLELLAN: "NO ONE AGENT SO MUCH OBSTRUCTS THIS ARMY 488 00:24:50,566 --> 00:24:53,402 "AS THE DEGRADING VICE OF DRUNKENNESS. 489 00:24:53,569 --> 00:24:56,280 "TOTAL ABSTINENCE WOULD BE WORTH 50,000 MEN 490 00:24:56,447 --> 00:24:58,949 "TO THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 491 00:24:59,116 --> 00:25:02,828 GENERAL GEORGE MCCLELLAN." 492 00:25:02,995 --> 00:25:06,207 NARRATOR: IF A SOLDIER COULDN'T BUY IT, HE MADE IT. 493 00:25:06,373 --> 00:25:08,334 ONE UNION RECIPE CALLED FOR BARK JUICE, 494 00:25:08,501 --> 00:25:10,461 TAR WATER, TURPENTINE, BROWN SUGAR, 495 00:25:10,628 --> 00:25:14,298 LAMP OIL, AND ALCOHOL. 496 00:25:14,465 --> 00:25:16,550 SOUTHERNERS SOMETIMES DROPPED IN RAW MEAT 497 00:25:16,717 --> 00:25:19,178 AND LET THE MIXTURE FERMENT FOR A MONTH OR SO 498 00:25:19,345 --> 00:25:20,638 TO ADD WHAT ONE VETERAN REMEMBERED 499 00:25:20,805 --> 00:25:22,932 AS "AN OLD AND MELLOW TASTE." 500 00:25:25,559 --> 00:25:27,812 THE MEN CALLED THEIR HOME BREW "NOCKUM STIFF," 501 00:25:27,978 --> 00:25:30,439 "POP SKULL," AND "OH! BE JOYFUL." 502 00:25:33,859 --> 00:25:36,028 MAN: "I INVITED MY COMRADES TO ASSIST ME 503 00:25:36,195 --> 00:25:39,490 "IN EMPTYING 3 CANTEENS OF OH! BE JOYFUL, 504 00:25:39,657 --> 00:25:42,660 "THEN SPENT THE BALANCE OF THE EVENING SINGING. 505 00:25:42,827 --> 00:25:44,787 THEN WE PARTED IN GOOD SPIRITS." 506 00:25:49,333 --> 00:25:50,835 NARRATOR: IN MARCH 1863, 507 00:25:51,001 --> 00:25:53,003 JOHN MOSBY'S CONFEDERATE RANGERS 508 00:25:53,170 --> 00:25:55,506 RAIDED FAIRFAX COURT HOUSE, VIRGINIA, 509 00:25:55,673 --> 00:25:58,134 CAPTURING TWO CAPTAINS, 30 PRIVATES, 510 00:25:58,300 --> 00:26:03,514 58 HORSES, AND BRIGADIER GENERAL EDWIN STOUGHTON. 511 00:26:03,681 --> 00:26:05,516 "FOR THAT, IAM SORRY," LINCOLN SAID 512 00:26:05,683 --> 00:26:07,226 WHEN TOLD OF THE CAPTURE, 513 00:26:07,393 --> 00:26:09,186 "FOR I CAN MAKE BRIGADIER GENERALS, 514 00:26:09,353 --> 00:26:11,021 BUT I CAN'T MAKE HORSES." 515 00:26:13,482 --> 00:26:15,067 GENERAL MOSBY HAD MADE LIFE MISERABLE 516 00:26:15,234 --> 00:26:18,028 FOR NORTHERN COMMANDERS THROUGHOUT THE WAR. 517 00:26:18,195 --> 00:26:19,530 NO OTHER CONFEDERATE OFFICER 518 00:26:19,697 --> 00:26:20,865 WAS MENTIONED FAVORABLY 519 00:26:21,031 --> 00:26:23,951 AS MANY TIMES IN ROBERT E. LEE'S DISPATCHES. 520 00:26:24,118 --> 00:26:25,744 AS JOHN SINGLETON MOSBY. 521 00:26:27,955 --> 00:26:29,874 FOOTE: THERE WERE NO MEDALS IN THE CONFEDERATE ARMY, 522 00:26:30,040 --> 00:26:32,877 NOT ONE IN THE WHOLE COURSE OF THE WAR. 523 00:26:33,043 --> 00:26:35,171 THE CONFEDERATE REASON FOR THAT GIVEN WAS 524 00:26:35,337 --> 00:26:37,339 THAT THEY WERE ALL HEROES AND IT WOULD NOT DO 525 00:26:37,506 --> 00:26:39,175 TO SINGLE ANYONE OUT. 526 00:26:39,341 --> 00:26:41,552 THEY WERE NOT ALL HEROES. 527 00:26:41,719 --> 00:26:46,098 BUT THERE WAS A SUGGESTION MADE TO LEE 528 00:26:46,265 --> 00:26:47,391 THAT THERE BE A ROLL OF HONOR 529 00:26:47,558 --> 00:26:49,727 FOR THE ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA, 530 00:26:49,894 --> 00:26:51,645 AND LEE DISALLOWED IT. 531 00:26:51,812 --> 00:26:54,231 THE HIGHEST HONOR YOU COULD GET IN THE CONFEDERATE ARMY 532 00:26:54,398 --> 00:26:56,734 WAS TO BE MENTIONED IN DISPATCHES, 533 00:26:56,901 --> 00:26:59,236 AND THAT WAS CONSIDERED ABSOLUTELY ENOUGH. 534 00:27:04,241 --> 00:27:07,328 MAN: "MARCH 5, 1863. 535 00:27:07,494 --> 00:27:09,371 "THE ARM OF THE SLAVES 536 00:27:09,538 --> 00:27:10,581 "IS THE BEST DEFENSE 537 00:27:10,748 --> 00:27:13,584 "AGAINST THE ARM OF THE SLAVE HOLDER. 538 00:27:13,751 --> 00:27:15,419 "WHO WOULD BE FREE THEMSELVES 539 00:27:15,586 --> 00:27:18,088 "MUST STRIKE THE BLOW. 540 00:27:18,255 --> 00:27:21,175 "| URGE YOU TO FLY TO ARMS 541 00:27:21,342 --> 00:27:22,718 "AND SMITE WITH DEATH 542 00:27:22,885 --> 00:27:24,553 "THE POWER THAT WOULD BURY THE GOVERNMENT 543 00:27:24,720 --> 00:27:25,679 "AND YOUR LIBERTY 544 00:27:25,846 --> 00:27:29,225 "IN THE SAME HOPELESS GRAVE. 545 00:27:29,391 --> 00:27:33,646 THIS IS OUR GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY." 546 00:27:33,812 --> 00:27:35,064 FREDERICK DOUGLASS." 547 00:27:38,108 --> 00:27:39,568 MAN AS LINCOLN: "THE COLORED POPULATION 548 00:27:39,735 --> 00:27:43,239 "IS THE GREAT AVAILABLE, AND YET UNAVAILED OF, FORCE 549 00:27:43,405 --> 00:27:45,241 "FOR RESTORING THE UNION. 550 00:27:45,407 --> 00:27:49,286 "THE BARE SIGHT OF 50,000 ARMED AND DRILLED BLACK SOLDIERS 551 00:27:49,453 --> 00:27:50,788 "UPON THE BANKS OF THE MISSISSIPPI 552 00:27:50,955 --> 00:27:53,791 "WOULD END THE REBELLION AT ONCE, 553 00:27:53,958 --> 00:27:56,460 "AND WHO DOUBTS THAT WE CAN PRESENT THAT SIGHT 554 00:27:56,627 --> 00:27:59,505 "IF WE BUT TAKE HOLD IN EARNEST? 555 00:27:59,672 --> 00:28:00,839 ABRAHAM LINCOLN." 556 00:28:03,175 --> 00:28:08,055 THE PEOPLE MOST AFFECTED BY THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 557 00:28:08,222 --> 00:28:11,433 OBVIOUSLY DID NOT RECEIVE IT AS NEWS 558 00:28:11,600 --> 00:28:13,477 BECAUSE THEY KNEW BEFORE LINCOLN KNEW 559 00:28:13,644 --> 00:28:15,646 THAT THE WAR WAS ABOUT EMANCIPATION, 560 00:28:15,813 --> 00:28:17,773 AND MOREOVER, THEY KNEW, 561 00:28:17,940 --> 00:28:21,110 AS PERHAPS LINCOLN DID WITHOUT FULLY REALIZING IT, 562 00:28:21,277 --> 00:28:24,280 AND CERTAINLY AS MANY PEOPLE TODAY DO NOT REALIZE, 563 00:28:24,446 --> 00:28:27,241 THAT THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION DID NOTHING 564 00:28:27,408 --> 00:28:28,909 TO GET THEM THEIR FREEDOM. 565 00:28:29,076 --> 00:28:30,786 IT SAID THAT THEY HAD A RIGHT 566 00:28:30,953 --> 00:28:33,914 TO GO AND PUT THEIR BODIES ON THE LINE 567 00:28:34,081 --> 00:28:36,875 IF THEY HAD THE NERVE TO BELIEVE IN IT, 568 00:28:37,042 --> 00:28:40,629 AND MANY OF THEM HAD THE NERVE TO BELIEVE IN IT, 569 00:28:40,796 --> 00:28:42,298 AND MANY SUFFERED FOR THAT. 570 00:28:46,302 --> 00:28:47,720 NARRATOR: TO LINCOLN, IT WAS NOW CLEAR 571 00:28:47,886 --> 00:28:49,430 THAT HARSHER MEASURES WERE NEEDED 572 00:28:49,596 --> 00:28:51,807 TO DESTROY THE CONFEDERACY. 573 00:28:51,974 --> 00:28:53,434 HE CALLED FOR MORE TROOPS, 574 00:28:53,600 --> 00:28:54,685 AND IN FEBRUARY, 575 00:28:54,852 --> 00:28:58,022 PUSHED A CONSCRIPTION ACT THROUGH CONGRESS. 576 00:28:58,188 --> 00:29:00,691 THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION HAD ALREADY AUTHORIZED 577 00:29:00,858 --> 00:29:04,153 THE ARMING OF FREED SLAVES. 578 00:29:04,320 --> 00:29:05,571 MAN: "AS TO THE POLITICS OF WASHINGTON, 579 00:29:05,738 --> 00:29:07,031 "THE MOST STRIKING THING 580 00:29:07,197 --> 00:29:10,034 "IS THE ABSENCE OF PERSONAL LOYALTY TO THE PRESIDENT. 581 00:29:10,200 --> 00:29:11,327 "IT DOES NOT EXIST. 582 00:29:11,493 --> 00:29:14,330 "HE HAS NO ADMIRERS, NO ENTHUSIASTIC SUPPORTERS, 583 00:29:14,496 --> 00:29:17,958 NO ONE TO BET ON HIS HEAD." 584 00:29:18,125 --> 00:29:20,419 NARRATOR: THE FALL ELECTIONS HAD NOT GONE WELL. 585 00:29:20,586 --> 00:29:22,421 FREDERICKSBURG ONLY MADE MATTERS WORSE. 586 00:29:22,588 --> 00:29:26,550 AND IN WASHINGTON, TALK OF THE DISASTER WAS EVERYWHERE. 587 00:29:26,717 --> 00:29:28,427 "IF THERE IS AWORSE PLACE THAN HELL," 588 00:29:28,594 --> 00:29:32,139 LINCOLN TOLD AVISITOR, "I AM IN IT." 589 00:29:32,306 --> 00:29:34,975 THE SINGLE MOST UNPOPULAR ACT OF LINCOLN'S ADMINISTRATION 590 00:29:35,142 --> 00:29:37,061 WAS THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION. 591 00:29:37,227 --> 00:29:39,897 IT NOT ONLY WAS HORRIBLY UNPOPULAR IN THE CONFEDERACY, 592 00:29:40,064 --> 00:29:41,273 WHERE JEFFERSON DAVIS CALLED IT 593 00:29:41,440 --> 00:29:42,733 "THE MOST WICKED THING 594 00:29:42,900 --> 00:29:45,402 THAT THE DARK SIDE OF HUMANKIND HAD EVER COME UP WITH," 595 00:29:45,569 --> 00:29:48,572 BUT MILLIONS OF NORTHERNERS RESPONDED TO IT AS WELL. 596 00:29:48,739 --> 00:29:50,324 THEY DID NOT REALLY WANT THE-- 597 00:29:50,491 --> 00:29:52,826 A GREAT MANY NORTHERNERS DID NOT WANT THE WAR 598 00:29:52,993 --> 00:29:54,995 TO BE CHANGED TO A WAR OVER SLAVE LIBERATION. 599 00:29:57,414 --> 00:29:59,249 NARRATOR: OPPOSITION TO THE WAR WAS SPREADING, 600 00:29:59,416 --> 00:30:02,086 ESPECIALLY AMONG DEMOCRATS IN THE HEARTLAND-- 601 00:30:02,252 --> 00:30:04,755 MICHIGAN, OHIO, IOWA, INDIANA, 602 00:30:04,922 --> 00:30:08,342 AND THE SOUTHERN HALF OF LINCOLN'S OWN ILLINOIS. 603 00:30:08,509 --> 00:30:11,220 THE PROCLAMATION IGNITED AN ANTIWAR MOVEMENT 604 00:30:11,387 --> 00:30:12,971 IN THE NORTH. 605 00:30:13,138 --> 00:30:16,600 ALL BUT 35 MEN OF THE 138th ILLINOIS 606 00:30:16,767 --> 00:30:18,811 DESERTED OVER EMANCIPATION, 607 00:30:18,977 --> 00:30:20,521 DECLARING THEY WOULD LIE IN THE WOODS 608 00:30:20,687 --> 00:30:22,606 UNTIL MOSS GREW ON THEIR BACKS 609 00:30:22,773 --> 00:30:24,441 RATHER THAN HELP FREE THE SLAVES. 610 00:30:26,944 --> 00:30:29,696 GROUPS WITH NAMES LIKE THE KNIGHTS OF THE GOLDEN CIRCLE 611 00:30:29,863 --> 00:30:31,740 AND SONS OF LIBERTY MET IN SECRET 612 00:30:31,907 --> 00:30:34,618 AND MUTTERED OF FORCING AN END TO THE WAR. 613 00:30:34,785 --> 00:30:36,370 THEIR ENEMIES CALLED THEM COPPERHEADS, 614 00:30:36,537 --> 00:30:38,997 AND THEY WORE ON THEIR LAPELS THE HEAD OF LIBERTY, 615 00:30:39,164 --> 00:30:41,125 SNIPPED FROM A COPPER PENNY. 616 00:30:41,291 --> 00:30:45,045 THEIR LEADER WAS CONGRESSMAN CLEMENT VALLANDIGHAM OF OHIO. 617 00:30:45,212 --> 00:30:46,922 LINCOLN HAD HIM THROWN IN JAIL 618 00:30:47,089 --> 00:30:50,134 AND LATER BANISHED TO THE CONFEDERACY. 619 00:30:50,300 --> 00:30:54,972 MAN AS VALLANDIGHAM: "YOU HAVE NOT CONQUERED THE SOUTH. YOU NEVER WILL. 620 00:30:55,139 --> 00:30:57,808 "WAR FOR THE UNION WAS ABANDONED, 621 00:30:57,975 --> 00:31:00,727 "WAR FOR THE NEGRO OPENLY BEGUN 622 00:31:00,894 --> 00:31:03,856 "AND WITH STRONGER BATTALIONS THAN BEFORE. 623 00:31:04,022 --> 00:31:06,150 "WITH WHAT SUCCESS? 624 00:31:06,316 --> 00:31:08,944 LET THE DEAD AT FREDERICKSBURG ANSWER." 625 00:31:13,157 --> 00:31:14,992 MAN: ALL OF THESE THINGS BORE IN ON HIM, 626 00:31:15,159 --> 00:31:17,035 PLUS THE FACT THAT THE SOUTH HAD A STRONG ARMY 627 00:31:17,202 --> 00:31:19,037 AND A GOOD LEADERSHIP AND WAS-- 628 00:31:19,204 --> 00:31:21,457 BUT THEN HE WOULD PICK UP ARICHMOND NEWSPAPER, 629 00:31:21,623 --> 00:31:22,833 AND HE'D SAY, "HERE'S WHAT THEY'RE SAYING 630 00:31:23,000 --> 00:31:25,002 "ABOUT JEFF DAVIS...DOWN HERE. 631 00:31:25,169 --> 00:31:26,837 YOU KNOW, I DON'T LOOK SO BAD." 632 00:31:27,004 --> 00:31:29,673 BECAUSE THE SOUTH HAD A FREE PRESS, TOO. 633 00:31:29,840 --> 00:31:30,966 AND HE REALIZED, YOU KNOW, 634 00:31:31,133 --> 00:31:33,135 THAT JEFF WAS NOT DOING ANY BETTER THAN HE WAS 635 00:31:33,302 --> 00:31:35,512 AS FAR AS THEY WERE CONCERNED. 636 00:31:35,679 --> 00:31:37,931 DAVIS WAS WALKING DOWN THE STREET IN RICHMOND ONE DAY, 637 00:31:38,098 --> 00:31:39,183 AND A CONFEDERATE SOLDIER, 638 00:31:39,349 --> 00:31:42,644 WHO WAS IN RICHMOND ON FURLOUGH, PASSED HIM 639 00:31:42,811 --> 00:31:44,730 AND STOPPED HIM AND SAID, 640 00:31:44,897 --> 00:31:48,942 "SIR, MISTER, BE YOU JEFFERSON DAVIS?" 641 00:31:49,109 --> 00:31:50,986 DAVIS SAID THAT HE WAS. 642 00:31:51,153 --> 00:31:52,529 THE SOLDIER SAID, "WELL, I THOUGHT SO. 643 00:31:52,696 --> 00:31:55,324 YOU LOOK SO MUCH LIKE A CONFEDERATE POSTAGE STAMP." 644 00:32:07,544 --> 00:32:09,963 NARRATOR: JEFFERSON DAVIS WAS TRYING TO WIN A WAR 645 00:32:10,130 --> 00:32:12,716 WHILE FORGING A NATION OUT OF 11 STATES 646 00:32:12,883 --> 00:32:14,885 SUSPICIOUS OF EVEN THE MOST TRIVIAL MOVE 647 00:32:15,052 --> 00:32:17,971 TOWARD CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT. 648 00:32:18,138 --> 00:32:20,682 WHEN DAVIS CALLED FORA DAY OF NATIONAL FASTING, 649 00:32:20,849 --> 00:32:22,476 THE GOVERNOR OF GEORGIA IGNORED IT, 650 00:32:22,643 --> 00:32:26,104 THEN NAMED A DIFFERENT FAST DAY OF HIS OWN. 651 00:32:26,271 --> 00:32:27,898 MAN: "I ENTERED INTO THIS REVOLUTION 652 00:32:28,065 --> 00:32:29,233 "TO CONTRIBUTE MY MIGHT 653 00:32:29,399 --> 00:32:31,151 "TO SUSTAIN THE RIGHTS OF STATES 654 00:32:31,318 --> 00:32:33,570 "AND TO PREVENT THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE GOVERNMENT. 655 00:32:33,737 --> 00:32:37,824 "AND IAM STILLA REBEL, NO MATTER WHO MAY BE IN POWER. 656 00:32:37,991 --> 00:32:39,868 GOVERNOR JOSEPH BROWN OF GEORGIA." 657 00:32:43,205 --> 00:32:44,540 WOMAN: "THE CONFEDERACY HAS BEEN 658 00:32:44,706 --> 00:32:47,751 "DONE TO DEATH BY POLITICIANS. 659 00:32:47,918 --> 00:32:49,920 MARY CHESNUT." 660 00:32:50,087 --> 00:32:51,588 NARRATOR: "PARDON ME," A SOUTH CAROLINIAN 661 00:32:51,755 --> 00:32:53,006 WROTE HIS CONGRESSMAN, 662 00:32:53,173 --> 00:32:56,593 "IS THE MAJORITY ALWAYS DRUNK?" 663 00:32:56,760 --> 00:32:58,720 VICE PRESIDENT ALEXANDER STEPHENS 664 00:32:58,887 --> 00:33:00,973 BELIEVED DAVIS WEAK AND VACILLATING, 665 00:33:01,139 --> 00:33:04,268 TIMID, PETULANT, PEEVISH, OBSTINATE. 666 00:33:04,434 --> 00:33:08,063 STEPHENS LEFT RICHMOND IN 1862, RARELY TO RETURN. 667 00:33:11,275 --> 00:33:14,111 "| MAKE NO TERMS," DAVIS ONCE SAID. 668 00:33:14,278 --> 00:33:16,280 "| ACCEPT NO COMPROMISE." 669 00:33:16,446 --> 00:33:18,282 HE REFUSED TO UNBEND IN PUBLIC 670 00:33:18,448 --> 00:33:21,285 OR TO CURRY FAVOR WITH THE PRESS. 671 00:33:21,451 --> 00:33:23,912 PRIVATELY, HE COMMUTED NEARLY EVERY DEATH SENTENCE 672 00:33:24,079 --> 00:33:26,081 FOR DESERTION THAT REACHED HIS DESK, 673 00:33:26,248 --> 00:33:29,418 EXPLAINING THAT THE POOREST USE OF A SOLDIER 674 00:33:29,585 --> 00:33:30,544 WAS TO SHOOT HIM. 675 00:33:32,588 --> 00:33:36,675 HE'S OFTEN DESCRIBED AS A BLOODLESS PEDANT, 676 00:33:36,842 --> 00:33:39,177 A MAN WHO FILLED ALL HIS TIME 677 00:33:39,344 --> 00:33:42,931 WITH SMALL-TIME PAPERWORK AND NEVER ANYTHING ELSE, 678 00:33:43,098 --> 00:33:46,977 AN ICY-COLD MAN WHO HAD NO FRIENDLINESS IN HIM. 679 00:33:47,144 --> 00:33:48,770 I FOUND THE OPPOSITE TO BE TRUE 680 00:33:48,937 --> 00:33:50,355 IN ALL THOSE RESPECTS. 681 00:33:50,522 --> 00:33:52,858 DAVIS WAS AN OUTGOING, FRIENDLY MAN, 682 00:33:53,025 --> 00:33:54,985 A GREAT FAMILY MAN-- 683 00:33:55,152 --> 00:33:57,070 LOVED HIS WIFE AND CHILDREN-- 684 00:33:57,237 --> 00:34:00,449 AN INFINITE STORE OF COMPASSION. 685 00:34:00,616 --> 00:34:01,700 LEE SAID IT BEST-- 686 00:34:01,867 --> 00:34:04,578 HE SAID, "I DON'T THINK ANYONE COULD NAME ANYONE 687 00:34:04,745 --> 00:34:06,955 "WHO COULD HAVE DONE A BETTER JOB THAN DAVIS DID. 688 00:34:07,122 --> 00:34:08,332 "AND I PERSONALLY DON'T KNOW OF ANYONE 689 00:34:08,498 --> 00:34:10,834 WHO COULD HAVE DONE AS GOOD A JOB." 690 00:34:11,001 --> 00:34:12,002 THAT'S FROM ROBERT E. LEE, 691 00:34:12,169 --> 00:34:13,629 WHICH IS PRETTY GOOD AUTHORITY. 692 00:34:16,423 --> 00:34:19,176 OATES: DAVIS MAY WELL HAVE BEEN THE ONLY SOUTHERNER 693 00:34:19,343 --> 00:34:21,386 WHO UNDERSTOOD SOUTHERN NATIONALITY, 694 00:34:21,553 --> 00:34:24,348 WHO UNDERSTOOD WHAT SACRIFICES HAD TO BE MADE 695 00:34:24,514 --> 00:34:27,601 IF THE CONFEDERACY WAS EVER GOING TO JELL AS A NATION. 696 00:34:27,768 --> 00:34:30,729 HE KEPT SAYING, "| NEED THE KIND OF POWERS THAT LINCOLN GOT. 697 00:34:30,896 --> 00:34:33,815 "| NEED THE KIND OF RESOURCES THAT HE GOT IN THE DRAFT LAWS. 698 00:34:33,982 --> 00:34:35,025 "| NEED TO BE ABLE TO SUSPEND 699 00:34:35,192 --> 00:34:36,818 THE WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS LIKE HE DID." 700 00:34:36,985 --> 00:34:38,362 HE WOULD HAVE SAID, 701 00:34:38,528 --> 00:34:41,239 "WE CAN'T LIVE BY THE DOGMAS OF THE QUIET PAST ANY LONGER." 702 00:34:41,406 --> 00:34:43,241 HE DIDN'T SAY THAT, BUT HE ACTED THAT OUT. 703 00:34:43,408 --> 00:34:44,826 HE SAID, "I HAVE TO BE GIVEN THE KINDS-- 704 00:34:44,993 --> 00:34:46,244 "THIS CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT 705 00:34:46,411 --> 00:34:49,081 "NEEDS THE KIND OF NATIONAL AUTHORITY--NAT|ONAL POWER 706 00:34:49,247 --> 00:34:51,541 THAT THE UNION HAD IN ORDER TO WIN." 707 00:34:51,708 --> 00:34:53,210 AND THEY DIDN'T GET IT BECAUSE THE STATES' RIGHTS 708 00:34:53,377 --> 00:34:54,711 HELPED KILL THE CONFEDERACY. 709 00:34:57,214 --> 00:35:00,801 NARRATOR: A SINGLE CAKE OF SOAP NOW COST $1 .10-- 710 00:35:00,967 --> 00:35:04,513 1/10 OF A SOLDIER'S MONTHLY PAY. 711 00:35:04,680 --> 00:35:06,223 AT THE BEGINNING OF 1863, 712 00:35:06,390 --> 00:35:10,060 A BARREL OF FLOUR COST $70 IN THE SOUTH. 713 00:35:10,227 --> 00:35:12,688 BY YEAR'S END, IT COST $250. 714 00:35:14,731 --> 00:35:17,275 THE CONFEDERATE TREASURY CRANKED OUT MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 715 00:35:17,442 --> 00:35:20,320 IN NOTES UNBACKED BY GOLD. 716 00:35:20,487 --> 00:35:22,239 SOUTHERN PRINTING WAS 80 PRIMITIVE 717 00:35:22,406 --> 00:35:24,366 THAT COUNTERFEITERS WERE SOMETIMES CAUGHT 718 00:35:24,533 --> 00:35:26,284 BECAUSE THEIR WORK WAS TOO GOOD. 719 00:35:28,745 --> 00:35:30,914 OATES: BY 1862 AND 1863, THE SOUTH SUFFERED 720 00:35:31,081 --> 00:35:33,709 FROM TERRIBLE INFLATIONARY CURRENCY. 721 00:35:33,875 --> 00:35:36,962 WHAT WAS REALLY AT A PREMIUM WAS A UNION GOLD DOLLAR. 722 00:35:37,129 --> 00:35:38,088 SO THAT THE CONFEDERATE PEOPLE 723 00:35:38,255 --> 00:35:39,506 COULD NEVER GET AWAY FROM THE UNION, 724 00:35:39,673 --> 00:35:40,716 NOT EVEN ECONOMICALLY. 725 00:35:42,634 --> 00:35:44,928 MAN: "IF THE CONFEDERACY IS DEFEATED, 726 00:35:45,095 --> 00:35:47,639 "IT WILL BE BY THE PEOPLE AT HOME. 727 00:35:47,806 --> 00:35:49,349 ATLANTA SOUTHERN CONFEDERACY." 728 00:35:51,601 --> 00:35:54,563 NARRATOR: THOUSANDS OF WOMEN, INFURIATED BY SOARING PRICES, 729 00:35:54,730 --> 00:35:57,023 STORMED THROUGH DOWNTOWN RICHMOND SHOPS, 730 00:35:57,190 --> 00:35:58,817 SMASHING WINDOWS AND GATHERING UP 731 00:35:58,984 --> 00:36:02,154 ARMFULS OF FOOD AND CLOTHING. 732 00:36:02,320 --> 00:36:03,947 TROOPS TRIED TO STOP THEM, 733 00:36:04,114 --> 00:36:06,241 AND JEFFERSON DAVIS HIMSELF CAME OUT, 734 00:36:06,408 --> 00:36:09,578 THROWING WHAT MONEY HE HAD IN HIS POCKETS TO THE CROWD 735 00:36:09,745 --> 00:36:11,663 AND BEGGING THEM TO BLAME THE YANKEES, 736 00:36:11,830 --> 00:36:12,789 NOT THE GOVERNMENT. 737 00:36:14,666 --> 00:36:16,585 THEN HE WARNED THE TROOPS WOULD OPEN FIRE 738 00:36:16,752 --> 00:36:18,628 IF THEY DID NOT DISPERSE. 739 00:36:18,795 --> 00:36:20,422 THE WOMEN STRAGGLED HOME. 740 00:36:22,758 --> 00:36:24,634 MAN: "PATRIOTIC PLANTERS WOULD WILLINGLY PUT 741 00:36:24,801 --> 00:36:27,220 "THEIR OWN FLESH AND BLOOD INTO THE ARMY, 742 00:36:27,387 --> 00:36:29,139 "BUT WHEN THEY WERE ASKED FOR A NEGRO, 743 00:36:29,306 --> 00:36:31,808 "IT WAS LIKE DRAWING AN EYETOOTH. 744 00:36:31,975 --> 00:36:34,227 SENATOR LOUIS T. WIGFALL, TEXAS." 745 00:36:35,479 --> 00:36:36,855 NARRATOR: FARMERS WERE CALLED UPON 746 00:36:37,022 --> 00:36:39,483 TO CONTRIBUTE 1/10 OF THEIR PRODUCE, 747 00:36:39,649 --> 00:36:41,318 AND THE CONFEDERATE ARMY WAS EMPOWERED 748 00:36:41,485 --> 00:36:44,196 TO IMPRESS MALE SLAVES AS LABORERS, 749 00:36:44,362 --> 00:36:48,074 PROVIDED A MONTHLY FEE WAS PAID TO THEIR MASTERS. 750 00:36:48,241 --> 00:36:49,701 PLANTERS MOVED THEIR SLAVES INLAND, 751 00:36:49,868 --> 00:36:52,537 AWAY FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND THE FIGHTING. 752 00:36:52,704 --> 00:36:57,042 150,000 SLAVES WERE MARCHED ALL THE WAY TO TEXAS. 753 00:36:57,209 --> 00:37:00,462 HUNDREDS, PERHAPS THOUSANDS, DIED ALONG THE WAY. 754 00:37:04,674 --> 00:37:09,513 MAN AS BENJAMIN FRANKLIN JACKSON: "WARTRACE, TENNESSEE, JUNE10, 1863. 755 00:37:09,679 --> 00:37:12,015 "I HAVE JUST HEARD FROM HILLIARD'S LEGION. 756 00:37:12,182 --> 00:37:13,475 "THEY'RE DESERTING EVERY DAY. 757 00:37:13,642 --> 00:37:16,019 "THEY SAY THEY DON'T GET ENOUGH TO EAT. 758 00:37:16,186 --> 00:37:17,938 "I HAVE JUST BOUGHT ME ATESTAMENT. 759 00:37:18,104 --> 00:37:19,689 "| GAVE $2.00 FOR IT. 760 00:37:19,856 --> 00:37:21,233 "EVERYTHING'S HIGH HERE. 761 00:37:21,399 --> 00:37:22,901 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN JACKSON." 762 00:37:26,446 --> 00:37:29,282 MAN: "I SAWA SIGHT TODAY THAT MADE ME FEEL MIGHTY BAD. 763 00:37:29,449 --> 00:37:32,369 "| SAWA MAN SHOT FOR DESERTING. 764 00:37:32,536 --> 00:37:33,870 "THERE WAS 24 GUNS AT HIM, 765 00:37:34,037 --> 00:37:36,540 "AND THEY SHOT HIM ALL TO PIECES. 766 00:37:36,706 --> 00:37:37,999 "HE WENT HOME, AND THEY BROUGHT HIM BACK, 767 00:37:38,166 --> 00:37:41,878 "AND THEN HE WENT HOME AGAIN, SO THEY SHOT HIM FOR THAT. 768 00:37:42,045 --> 00:37:44,881 MARTHA, IT WAS ONE SIGHT THAT I DID HATE TO SEE." 769 00:37:49,344 --> 00:37:50,387 NARRATOR: BY THE END OF THE YEAR, 770 00:37:50,554 --> 00:37:52,931 2/5 OF THE SOUTHERN ARMY WOULD BE ABSENT, 771 00:37:53,098 --> 00:37:56,017 WITH OR WITHOUT LEAVE. 772 00:37:56,184 --> 00:37:58,103 DESERTERS SOMETIMES BANDED TOGETHER, 773 00:37:58,270 --> 00:38:02,190 OFTEN FED AND CLOTHED BY UNION SYMPATHIZERS. 774 00:38:02,357 --> 00:38:05,861 IN NORTH CAROLINA, THE PRO-UNION HEROES OF AMERICA 775 00:38:06,027 --> 00:38:08,780 HAD OVER 10,000 MEMBERS. 776 00:38:08,947 --> 00:38:10,323 BY THE END OF THE WAR, 777 00:38:10,490 --> 00:38:14,077 UNIONISTS FROM EVERY CONFEDERATE STATE EXCEPT SOUTH CAROLINA 778 00:38:14,244 --> 00:38:15,912 HAD SENT REGIMENTS TO THE NORTH. 779 00:38:18,582 --> 00:38:20,041 IN JONES COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI, 780 00:38:20,208 --> 00:38:23,628 AGUERRILLA BAND RAN OFF TAX COLLECTORS, BURNED BRIDGES, 781 00:38:23,795 --> 00:38:28,466 AND AMBUSHED CONFEDERATE COLUMNS FOR 3 YEARS. 782 00:38:28,633 --> 00:38:30,176 REPORTERS CALLED THE REGION 783 00:38:30,343 --> 00:38:31,928 THE KINGDOM OF JONES. 784 00:38:36,933 --> 00:38:38,810 MAN: "HOW I WISH YOU COULD HEAR THE MUSIC 785 00:38:38,977 --> 00:38:40,478 "OF THIS ENCAMPMENT TONIGHT. 786 00:38:40,645 --> 00:38:44,190 "JUST STAND OUT IN THE OPEN AIR A LITTLE WHILE AND LISTEN. 787 00:38:44,357 --> 00:38:47,152 "ALL SEEMS HAPPY, AND ALL SEEMS GAY, 788 00:38:47,319 --> 00:38:49,654 "BUT STILL, COULD YOU LOOK INTO THEIR HEARTS, 789 00:38:49,821 --> 00:38:51,448 "YOU WOULD SEE THOUGHTS OF THE LOVED ONES 790 00:38:51,615 --> 00:38:52,616 "THAT THEY HAVE LEFT AT HOME 791 00:38:52,782 --> 00:38:56,411 "RISE ABOVE THEIR MIRTH AND GAIETY. 792 00:38:56,578 --> 00:39:00,290 "YET, THEY ARE CONTENTED, THOUGH NOT HAPPY, 793 00:39:00,457 --> 00:39:02,792 "CONTENTED TO DO THEIR DUTY, 794 00:39:02,959 --> 00:39:05,921 "CONTENTED TO BEAR THEIR PART IN THIS WAR, 795 00:39:06,087 --> 00:39:07,797 AND SING SAD THOUGHTS AWAY." 796 00:39:11,468 --> 00:39:13,136 MAN 2: "DEAR FANNY, 797 00:39:13,303 --> 00:39:14,304 "I DON'T KNOW WHAT WE SHOULD HAVE DONE 798 00:39:14,471 --> 00:39:15,972 "WITHOUT OUR BAND. 799 00:39:16,139 --> 00:39:17,515 "IT'S ACKNOWLEDGED BY EVERYONE 800 00:39:17,682 --> 00:39:19,809 "TO BE THE BEST IN THE DIVISION. 801 00:39:19,976 --> 00:39:21,186 "EVERY NIGHT ABOUT SUNDOWN, 802 00:39:21,353 --> 00:39:23,480 "GILMORE GIVES US ASPLENDID CONCERT, 803 00:39:23,647 --> 00:39:25,815 "PLAYING SELECTIONS FROM THE OPERAS 804 00:39:25,982 --> 00:39:27,651 "AND SOME VERY PRETTY MARCHES, 805 00:39:27,817 --> 00:39:30,278 QUICKSTEPS, WALTZES, AND THE LIKE." 806 00:39:48,672 --> 00:39:50,090 NARRATOR: TROOPS SANG IN CAMP 807 00:39:50,256 --> 00:39:52,092 AND ON THE WAY TO BATTLE. 808 00:39:52,258 --> 00:39:53,927 CONFEDERATES FAVORED "DIXIE" 809 00:39:54,094 --> 00:39:55,804 AND "THE BONNIE BLUE FLAG." 810 00:40:01,059 --> 00:40:04,312 UNION SOLDIERS STILL PREFERRED AN OLD METHODIST TUNE. 811 00:40:07,565 --> 00:40:10,527 MOSTLY, THEY LIKED SENTIMENTAL SONGS. 812 00:40:10,694 --> 00:40:12,779 "JUST BEFORE THE BATTLE, MOTHER," 813 00:40:12,946 --> 00:40:17,367 "THE VACANT CHAIR," "ALL QUIET ALONG THE POTOMAC," 814 00:40:17,534 --> 00:40:18,827 AND "HOME SWEET HOME." 815 00:40:21,371 --> 00:40:24,374 IN MANY CAMPS, THE MEN WERE FORBIDDEN TO PLAYA SONG CALLED 816 00:40:24,541 --> 00:40:26,376 "WEEPING, SAD AND LONELY," 817 00:40:26,543 --> 00:40:29,504 OFFICERS CONSIDERING IT DESTRUCTIVE OF MORALE. 818 00:40:34,592 --> 00:40:37,012 BOTH SIDES LOVED "LORENA." 819 00:40:37,178 --> 00:40:39,055 SLOW TUNE PLAYING 820 00:41:46,456 --> 00:41:48,792 MAN AS RHODES: "APRIL 14, 1863, 821 00:41:48,958 --> 00:41:52,670 "RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER, VIRGINIA, NEAR FRANKLIN'S CROSSING. 822 00:41:52,837 --> 00:41:55,840 "GENERAL THOMAS J. JACKSON CAME DOWN TO THE RIVERBANK TODAY 823 00:41:56,007 --> 00:41:58,593 "WITH A PARTY OF LADIES AND OFFICERS. 824 00:41:58,760 --> 00:42:01,387 "WE RAISED OUR HATS TO THE PARTY, AND STRANGE TO SAY, 825 00:42:01,554 --> 00:42:05,308 "THE LADIES WAVED THEIR HANDKERCHIEFS IN REPLY. 826 00:42:05,475 --> 00:42:07,310 "GENERAL JACKSON TOOK HIS FIELD GLASSES 827 00:42:07,477 --> 00:42:09,729 "AND COOLLY SURVEYED OUR PARTY. 828 00:42:09,896 --> 00:42:12,190 "WE COULD HAVE SHOT HIM WITH A REVOLVER, 829 00:42:12,357 --> 00:42:13,358 "BUT WE HAVE AN AGREEMENT 830 00:42:13,525 --> 00:42:15,568 "THAT NEITHER SIDE WILL FIRE, 831 00:42:15,735 --> 00:42:20,573 "AS IT DOES NO GOOD AND IN FACT, IS SIMPLY MURDER. 832 00:42:20,740 --> 00:42:22,492 ELISHA HUNT RHODES." 833 00:42:35,755 --> 00:42:37,340 MAN AS LINCOLN: "GENERAL, I HAVE PLACED YOU 834 00:42:37,507 --> 00:42:39,968 "AT THE HEAD OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. 835 00:42:40,135 --> 00:42:42,345 "I HAVE HEARD IN SUCH AWAY AS TO BELIEVE IT 836 00:42:42,512 --> 00:42:45,932 "OF YOUR RECENTLY SAYING THAT BOTH THE ARMY AND THE GOVERNMENT 837 00:42:46,099 --> 00:42:48,309 "NEEDED A DICTATOR. 838 00:42:48,476 --> 00:42:50,019 "OF COURSE, IT WAS NOT FOR THIS 839 00:42:50,186 --> 00:42:54,023 "BUT IN SPITE OF THIS THAT I HAVE GIVEN YOU THE COMMAND. 840 00:42:54,190 --> 00:42:56,693 "ONLY THOSE GENERALS WHO GAIN SUCCESSES 841 00:42:56,860 --> 00:42:59,404 "CAN SET UP AS DICTATORS. 842 00:42:59,571 --> 00:43:03,408 "WHAT I NOW ASK OF YOU IS MILITARY SUCCESS, 843 00:43:03,575 --> 00:43:06,202 "AND I WILL RISK THE DICTATORSHIP. 844 00:43:06,369 --> 00:43:07,704 ABRAHAM LINCOLN." 845 00:43:09,038 --> 00:43:12,542 NARRATOR: AGAIN LINCOLN TURNED TO A NEW GENERAL. 846 00:43:12,709 --> 00:43:15,378 HE REPLACED BURNSIDE WITH JOSEPH HOOKER, 847 00:43:15,545 --> 00:43:18,173 ATENACIOUS WEST POINTER CALLED FIGHTING JOE, 848 00:43:18,339 --> 00:43:21,843 WHO DRANK AND TALKED TOO MUCH FOR HIS OWN GOOD. 849 00:43:22,010 --> 00:43:24,554 IT WAS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY, LINCOLN TOLD HIM, 850 00:43:24,721 --> 00:43:27,432 TO DESTROY LEE'S ARMY. 851 00:43:27,599 --> 00:43:29,392 MAN AS HOOKER: "MY PLANS ARE PERFECT. 852 00:43:29,559 --> 00:43:31,936 "MAY GOD HAVE MERCY ON GENERAL LEE, 853 00:43:32,103 --> 00:43:33,146 FOR I WILL HAVE NONE." 854 00:43:38,067 --> 00:43:39,402 NARRATOR: HOOKER'S PLANS CALLED FOR 855 00:43:39,569 --> 00:43:40,904 ONE PART OF HIS ENORMOUS ARMY 856 00:43:41,070 --> 00:43:43,531 TO FEIGN AN ASSAULT ON LEE'S FRONT, 857 00:43:43,698 --> 00:43:45,825 STILL AT FREDERICKSBURG, 858 00:43:45,992 --> 00:43:48,244 WHILE THE REST MARCHED UP THE RAPPAHANNOCK, 859 00:43:48,411 --> 00:43:49,245 CROSSED THE RIVER, 860 00:43:49,412 --> 00:43:50,914 AND ATTACKED LEE FROM THE REAR. 861 00:43:53,416 --> 00:43:57,378 ON APRIL 30, HOOKER'S MAIN FORCE-70,000 STRONG-- 862 00:43:57,545 --> 00:43:59,130 REACHED CHANCELLORSVILLE- 863 00:43:59,297 --> 00:44:00,590 A LONE HOUSE IN A CLEARING 864 00:44:00,757 --> 00:44:03,593 SURROUNDED BYATHICK FOREST CALLED THE WILDERNESS. 865 00:44:07,597 --> 00:44:09,974 HOOKER AND HIS OFFICERS MOVED IN DOWNSTAIRS 866 00:44:10,141 --> 00:44:12,101 AND CONTINUED TO MAP OUT THE ASSAULT 867 00:44:12,268 --> 00:44:13,895 THEY WERE SURE WOULD TRAP LEE. 868 00:44:15,772 --> 00:44:18,816 MAN AS HOOKER: "THE ENEMY MUST EITHER INGLORIOUSLY FLY 869 00:44:18,983 --> 00:44:20,610 "OR COME OUT FROM BEHIND HIS DEFENSES 870 00:44:20,777 --> 00:44:23,446 "AND GIVE US BATTLE UPON OUR OWN GROUND, 871 00:44:23,613 --> 00:44:25,573 WHERE CERTAIN DESTRUCTION AWAITS HIM." 872 00:44:27,533 --> 00:44:31,537 MAN AS LINCOLN: "THE HEN IS THE WISEST OF ALL THE ANIMAL CREATION 873 00:44:31,704 --> 00:44:33,498 "BECAUSE SHE NEVER CACKLES 874 00:44:33,665 --> 00:44:35,583 UNTIL AFTER THE EGG IS LAID." 875 00:44:39,128 --> 00:44:41,965 NARRATOR: BUT ROBERT E. LEE, OUTNUMBERED NEARLY TWO TO ONE, 876 00:44:42,131 --> 00:44:44,259 WAS NOT FOOLED BY HOOKER'S PLAN. 877 00:44:46,135 --> 00:44:47,929 DEFYING ALL MILITARY CONVENTION, 878 00:44:48,096 --> 00:44:50,139 HE DIVIDED HIS OWN MUCH SMALLER FORCE, 879 00:44:50,306 --> 00:44:52,809 LEAVING ONLY 1/4 OF HIS MEN AT FREDERICKSBURG 880 00:44:52,976 --> 00:44:55,311 BEFORE RUSHING WEST TO SHORE UP HIS FLANK. 881 00:44:57,438 --> 00:45:00,358 WHEN LEE'S CONFEDERATES REACHED THE EDGE OF THE WILDERNESS, 882 00:45:00,525 --> 00:45:02,610 UNION TROOPS MOVED OUT TO ENGAGE THEM. 883 00:45:05,196 --> 00:45:07,115 CANNON FIRE 884 00:45:12,495 --> 00:45:13,621 MAN: FIRE! 885 00:45:21,963 --> 00:45:23,423 NARRATOR: BUT THE FIGHTING HAD HARDLY BEGUN 886 00:45:23,589 --> 00:45:26,718 WHEN FIGHTING JOE HOOKER INEXPLICABLY ORDERED HIS FORCES 887 00:45:26,884 --> 00:45:30,722 BACK TO DEFENSIVE POSITIONS AROUND THE CHANCELLOR HOUSE. 888 00:45:30,888 --> 00:45:33,599 "TO TELL THE TRUTH," HE LATER TRIED TO EXPLAIN, 889 00:45:33,766 --> 00:45:36,019 "I JUST LOST CONFIDENCE IN JOE HOOKER." 890 00:45:38,688 --> 00:45:40,857 LEE SENSED HOOKER'S CONFUSION 891 00:45:41,024 --> 00:45:43,651 AND THE NEXT DAY DIVIDED HIS ARMY A SECOND TIME, 892 00:45:43,818 --> 00:45:46,863 SENDING 28,000 MEN UNDER STONEWALL JACKSON 893 00:45:47,030 --> 00:45:49,615 ON AN EXTRAORDINARY 14-MILE MARCH 894 00:45:49,782 --> 00:45:51,409 THROUGH THE DENSE WILDERNESS 895 00:45:51,576 --> 00:45:54,329 AND AROUND THE UNION'S RIGHT FLANK. 896 00:45:54,495 --> 00:45:56,372 CANNON FIRE 897 00:46:00,960 --> 00:46:02,795 HOOKER SOMEHOW PERSUADED HIMSELF 898 00:46:02,962 --> 00:46:05,381 THAT JACKSON WAS ACTUALLY RETREATING 899 00:46:05,548 --> 00:46:07,425 AND DESPITE THE SKELETAL REBEL FORCE 900 00:46:07,592 --> 00:46:08,843 REMAINING IN FRONT OF HIM, 901 00:46:09,010 --> 00:46:10,720 CHOSE TO STAY IN CAMP. 902 00:46:12,138 --> 00:46:15,391 ALL DAY LONG CAME REPORTS FROM TERRIFIED UNION PICKETS 903 00:46:15,558 --> 00:46:16,976 OF A HUGE REBEL FORCE 904 00:46:17,143 --> 00:46:20,355 MOVING JUST BEYOND THE SCREEN OF TREES TO THE WEST. 905 00:46:20,521 --> 00:46:21,814 THEY WERE IGNORED. 906 00:46:24,400 --> 00:46:25,651 LATE THAT AFTERNOON, 907 00:46:25,818 --> 00:46:28,738 UNION TROOPS WERE BOILING COFFEE AND PLAYING CARDS 908 00:46:28,905 --> 00:46:30,823 WHEN DEER CAME BOUNDING OUT OF THE FOREST 909 00:46:30,990 --> 00:46:34,160 AND THROUGH THEIR CAMP. 910 00:46:34,327 --> 00:46:37,413 JACKSON'S ARMY WAS RIGHT BEHIND THEM. 911 00:46:37,580 --> 00:46:39,707 CANNON FIRE 912 00:46:47,673 --> 00:46:51,636 "IT WAS A PERFECT WHIRLWIND OF MEN," A SURVIVOR SAID. 913 00:46:51,803 --> 00:46:53,971 "THE ENEMY SEEMED TO COME FROM EVERY DIRECTION." 914 00:47:09,278 --> 00:47:11,823 THE FEDERALS FELL BACK NEARLY TWO MILES 915 00:47:11,989 --> 00:47:14,742 BEFORE DARKNESS STOPPED THE CONFEDERATE SWEEP. 916 00:47:16,661 --> 00:47:21,124 FOOTE: CHANCELLORSVILLE, IN MANY WAYS, IS LEE'S MASTERPIECE. 917 00:47:21,290 --> 00:47:23,292 IT'S WHERE THE ODDS WERE LONGEST. 918 00:47:23,459 --> 00:47:25,628 IT'S WHERE HE TOOK THE GREATEST RISK 919 00:47:25,795 --> 00:47:26,796 IN DIVIDING HIS ARMY 920 00:47:26,963 --> 00:47:29,465 IN THE PRESENCE OF A SUPERIOR ENEMY 921 00:47:29,632 --> 00:47:32,385 AND KEPT THE PRESSURE ON. 922 00:47:34,178 --> 00:47:36,180 THE REAL FAULT AT CHANCELLORSVILLE 923 00:47:36,347 --> 00:47:38,933 WAS THE ATTACK WAS STAGED SO LATE IN THE DAY 924 00:47:39,100 --> 00:47:40,935 THAT THEY WERE NOT ABLE TO PUSH |T 925 00:47:41,102 --> 00:47:43,896 TO THE EXTENT THAT JACKSON HAD INTENDED TO. 926 00:47:44,063 --> 00:47:46,232 AND HE WAS EVEN ATTEMPTING TO MAKE A NIGHT ATTACK-- 927 00:47:46,399 --> 00:47:48,401 AVERY RARE THING IN THE CIVIL WAR-- 928 00:47:48,568 --> 00:47:50,528 BECAUSE HE KNEW THAT HE HADN'T FINISHED UP 929 00:47:50,695 --> 00:47:52,113 WHAT HE HAD STARTED TO BEGIN. 930 00:47:54,574 --> 00:47:55,700 NARRATOR: EAGER TO FIGHT ON, 931 00:47:55,867 --> 00:47:58,161 JACKSON RODE OUT BETWEEN THE LINES THAT EVENING 932 00:47:58,327 --> 00:48:00,496 TO SCOUT FOR A NIGHT ATTACK. 933 00:48:00,663 --> 00:48:02,165 WHEN HE TURNED BACK TOWARD HIS MEN, 934 00:48:02,331 --> 00:48:05,501 NERVOUS CONFEDERATE PICKETS OPENED FIRE. 935 00:48:05,668 --> 00:48:07,378 GUNFIRE 936 00:48:07,545 --> 00:48:09,172 TWO OF HIS AIDES FELL DEAD. 937 00:48:09,338 --> 00:48:11,466 JACKSON WAS HIT TWICE IN THE LEFT ARM. 938 00:48:15,178 --> 00:48:18,514 HIS SHATTERED ARM WAS AMPUTATED THE NEXT MORNING. 939 00:48:18,681 --> 00:48:20,308 LEE WAS HORRIFIED. 940 00:48:20,475 --> 00:48:22,852 "HE HAS LOST HIS LEFT ARM," HE SAID, 941 00:48:23,019 --> 00:48:25,480 "BUT I HAVE LOST MY RIGHT." 942 00:48:25,646 --> 00:48:28,107 CANNON FIRE 943 00:48:28,274 --> 00:48:30,985 HOOKER CONTINUED TO BUMBLE. 944 00:48:31,152 --> 00:48:32,695 AS HE NERVOUSLY WATCHED THE FIGHTING 945 00:48:32,862 --> 00:48:34,697 FROM THE PORCH OF THE CHANCELLOR HOUSE, 946 00:48:34,864 --> 00:48:37,366 A SHELL SPLIT THE PILLAR HE WAS LEANING AGAINST 947 00:48:37,533 --> 00:48:38,826 AND KNOCKED HIM SENSELESS. 948 00:48:40,620 --> 00:48:41,704 GROGGY ALL DAY, 949 00:48:41,871 --> 00:48:45,458 HE REFUSED TO RELINQUISH COMMAND. 950 00:48:45,625 --> 00:48:47,335 FINALLY, HE ORDERED RETREAT. 951 00:48:50,463 --> 00:48:52,215 THE DEFEAT WAS TOTAL. 952 00:49:01,098 --> 00:49:04,185 AGAIN THE UNION ARMY WITHDREW ACROSS THE RAPPAHANNOCK. 953 00:49:07,313 --> 00:49:09,941 HOOKER HAD LOST 17,000 MEN, 954 00:49:10,107 --> 00:49:11,984 EVEN MORE THAN AT FREDERICKSBURG. 955 00:49:14,403 --> 00:49:18,115 "MY GOD, MY GOD," SAID LINCOLN WHEN HE GOT THE NEWS, 956 00:49:18,282 --> 00:49:19,867 "WHAT WILL THE COUNTRY SAY?" 957 00:49:25,164 --> 00:49:28,876 CHANCELLORSVILLE WAS LEE'S MOST BRILLIANT VICTORY 958 00:49:29,043 --> 00:49:31,003 AND ONE OF THE COSTLIEST. 959 00:49:31,170 --> 00:49:34,924 13,000 OF HIS MEN WERE DEAD OR OUT OF ACTION, 960 00:49:35,091 --> 00:49:38,052 BUT IT WAS THE LOSS OF ONE MAN THAT CONCERNED HIM MOST. 961 00:49:39,595 --> 00:49:42,598 STONEWALL JACKSON SEEMED TO BE RECUPERATING. 962 00:49:42,765 --> 00:49:44,892 THEN ON SUNDAY, MAY 10, 963 00:49:45,059 --> 00:49:46,561 HE TOOK ATURN FOR THE WORSE. 964 00:49:49,313 --> 00:49:50,648 FOOTE: THE SCENE IS IN A BEDROOM 965 00:49:50,815 --> 00:49:54,151 IN WHICH HE'S COMING IN AND OUT OF CONSCIOUSNESS. 966 00:49:56,529 --> 00:49:59,448 PNEUMONIA'S WHAT HE DIED OF, NOT THE LOSS OF HIS ARM. 967 00:50:02,368 --> 00:50:04,996 AND HIS WIFE GOT THERE TO BE WITH HIM, 968 00:50:05,162 --> 00:50:08,040 AND THE SURGEON, DR. MCGUIRE, 969 00:50:08,207 --> 00:50:12,753 TOLD MRS. JACKSON THAT HER HUSBAND WOULD DIE THAT DAY, 970 00:50:12,920 --> 00:50:15,590 AND SHE TOLD HIM, SAID, 971 00:50:15,756 --> 00:50:18,509 "THE DOCTOR SAYS THAT YOU WON'T LAST THE DAY OUT," 972 00:50:18,676 --> 00:50:23,014 AND HE SAID, "OH, NO, MY CHILD. IT'S NOT THAT SERIOUS." 973 00:50:23,180 --> 00:50:25,224 AND THEN FINALLY SHE SAID, 974 00:50:25,391 --> 00:50:28,561 "YOU'LL BE WITH THE LORD THIS DAY," 975 00:50:28,728 --> 00:50:32,064 AND HE WENT OFF INTO SOME SORT OF SLEEPY DELIRIUM. 976 00:50:32,231 --> 00:50:34,859 PNEUMONIAAFFECTS PEOPLE IN STRANGE WAYS. 977 00:50:35,026 --> 00:50:36,485 AND HE CALLED THE DOCTOR OVER 978 00:50:36,652 --> 00:50:39,405 AND SAYS, "DR. MCGUIRE, MY WIFE TELLS ME I'M GONNA DIE TODAY. 979 00:50:39,572 --> 00:50:40,364 IS THAT TRUE?" 980 00:50:40,531 --> 00:50:43,284 AND THE DOCTOR SAID, "YES, IT IS." 981 00:50:43,451 --> 00:50:47,330 HE SAID, "GOOD. VERY GOOD. 982 00:50:47,496 --> 00:50:50,374 I ALWAYS WANTED TO DIE ON A SUNDAY." 983 00:50:50,541 --> 00:50:53,836 AND WHEN THEY OFFERED HIM BRANDY OR MORPHINE, 984 00:50:54,003 --> 00:50:57,006 HE SAID, "NO. I WANT TO KEEP MY MIND CLEAR," 985 00:50:57,173 --> 00:50:59,175 AND THE LAST THING HE SAID--IT SORT OF-- 986 00:50:59,342 --> 00:51:00,509 HE WANDERED IN HIS MIND. 987 00:51:00,676 --> 00:51:04,221 HE WAS CALLING ON A.P. HILL, "PREPARE FOR ACTION." 988 00:51:04,388 --> 00:51:05,389 AND THEN ALL OF A SUDDEN, 989 00:51:05,556 --> 00:51:09,226 HE WAS QUIET, VERY QUIET FORASPELL, 990 00:51:09,393 --> 00:51:11,687 AND HE SAID IN A CLEAR, DISTINCT VOICE, 991 00:51:11,854 --> 00:51:13,814 "LET US CROSS OVER THE RIVER 992 00:51:13,981 --> 00:51:16,400 AND REST UNDER THE SHADE OF THE TREES," 993 00:51:16,567 --> 00:51:17,485 AND THEN DIED. 994 00:51:25,034 --> 00:51:27,078 WOMAN: "THE DEATH OF OUR PIOUS, BRAVE, 995 00:51:27,244 --> 00:51:30,373 "AND NOBLE GENERAL STONEWALL JACKSON 996 00:51:30,539 --> 00:51:32,667 IS A GREAT BLOW TO OUR CAUSE." 997 00:51:46,972 --> 00:51:49,725 NARRATOR: WINFIELD SCOTT. 998 00:51:49,892 --> 00:51:52,395 HENRY HALLECK. 999 00:51:52,561 --> 00:51:54,855 IRVIN MCDOWELL. 1000 00:51:55,022 --> 00:51:57,608 GEORGE MCCLELLAN. 1001 00:51:57,775 --> 00:52:00,069 JOHN POPE. 1002 00:52:00,236 --> 00:52:02,947 GEORGE MCCLELLAN AGAIN. 1003 00:52:03,114 --> 00:52:05,866 AMBROSE BURNSIDE. 1004 00:52:06,033 --> 00:52:07,952 JOSEPH HOOKER. 1005 00:52:08,119 --> 00:52:11,455 LINCOLN COULD NOT FIND THE GENERAL HE NEEDED. 1006 00:52:11,622 --> 00:52:13,541 HE NOW KNEW THAT TO WIN THE WAR, 1007 00:52:13,708 --> 00:52:16,752 THE SOUTHERN ARMIES HAD TO BE CRUSHED. 1008 00:52:16,919 --> 00:52:18,254 HE HAD THE MEN, 1009 00:52:18,421 --> 00:52:22,550 BUT HE NEEDEDAGENERAL WITH THE WILL TO USE THEM. 1010 00:52:22,717 --> 00:52:26,429 MAN AS LINCOLN: "NO GENERAL YET FOUND CAN FACE THE ARITHMETIC, 1011 00:52:26,595 --> 00:52:29,056 "BUT THE END OF THE WAR WILL BE AT HAND 1012 00:52:29,223 --> 00:52:30,599 WHEN HE SHALL BE DISCOVERED." 1013 00:52:33,102 --> 00:52:35,521 "VICKSBURG IS THE KEY. 1014 00:52:35,688 --> 00:52:37,815 "THE WAR CAN NEVER BE BROUGHT TO A CLOSE 1015 00:52:37,982 --> 00:52:39,650 UNTIL THE KEY IS IN OUR POCKET." 1016 00:52:41,777 --> 00:52:44,947 MAN: "A LONG LINE OF HIGH, RUGGED, IRREGULAR BLUFFS 1017 00:52:45,114 --> 00:52:47,241 "CLEARLY CUT AGAINST THE SKY, 1018 00:52:47,408 --> 00:52:50,035 "CROWNED WITH CANNON, WHICH PEERED OMINOUSLY 1019 00:52:50,202 --> 00:52:52,371 "FROM EMBRASURES TO THE RIGHT AND LEFT 1020 00:52:52,538 --> 00:52:54,665 "AS FAR AS THE EYE COULD SEE-- 1021 00:52:54,832 --> 00:52:56,333 THAT IS VICKSBURG." 1022 00:52:58,586 --> 00:53:00,838 NARRATOR: FOR 2 1/2 MONTHS, ULYSSES 8. GRANT 1023 00:53:01,005 --> 00:53:04,425 DOGGEDLY ATTEMPTED TO DIG OR HACK OR FLOAT HIS ARMY 1024 00:53:04,592 --> 00:53:08,512 THROUGH THE TANGLED BAYOUS AND SEIZE THE TOWN OF VICKSBURG. 1025 00:53:08,679 --> 00:53:10,264 NOTHING WORKED. 1026 00:53:10,431 --> 00:53:13,225 THE PRESS ACCUSED HIM OF SLOTH AND STUPIDITY, 1027 00:53:13,392 --> 00:53:15,144 HINTED HE WAS DRINKING AGAIN. 1028 00:53:18,147 --> 00:53:21,108 FINALLY, GRANT DECIDED ON A DARING PLAN. 1029 00:53:21,275 --> 00:53:22,651 HE WOULD MARCH DOWNRIVER 1030 00:53:22,818 --> 00:53:25,613 THROUGH THE SWAMPS ON THE WESTERN SIDE, 1031 00:53:25,780 --> 00:53:27,156 CROSS BELOW VICKSBURG, 1032 00:53:27,323 --> 00:53:30,117 AND WITHOUT HOPE OF RESUPPLY OR REINFORCEMENT, 1033 00:53:30,284 --> 00:53:32,453 COME UP FROM BEHIND AND ATTACK THE CITY. 1034 00:53:52,181 --> 00:53:54,642 BY EARLY MAY, GRANT HAD CROSSED THE RIVER. 1035 00:53:57,520 --> 00:53:59,021 MAN AS GRANT: "WHEN THIS WAS EFFECTED, 1036 00:53:59,188 --> 00:54:00,773 "| FELTA DEGREE OF RELIEF 1037 00:54:00,940 --> 00:54:03,526 "SCARCELY EVER EQUALED SINCE. 1038 00:54:03,692 --> 00:54:06,195 "| WAS NOW IN THE ENEMY'S COUNTRY 1039 00:54:06,362 --> 00:54:08,531 "WITH A RIVER AND THE STRONGHOLD OF VICKSBURG 1040 00:54:08,697 --> 00:54:11,700 "BETWEEN ME AND MY BASE OF SUPPLY, 1041 00:54:11,867 --> 00:54:13,786 "BUT I WAS ON DRY GROUND 1042 00:54:13,953 --> 00:54:16,455 ON THE SAME SIDE OF THE RIVER WITH THE ENEMY." 1043 00:54:18,707 --> 00:54:22,253 THE MEN KNEW THEY WERE CUT LOOSE FROM THEIR BASE, 1044 00:54:22,419 --> 00:54:24,380 KNEW THEY WERE GOING TO BE DEPENDENT FOR SUPPLIES 1045 00:54:24,547 --> 00:54:26,590 ON A VERY TENUOUS SUPPLY LINE, 1046 00:54:26,757 --> 00:54:29,218 BUT GRANT HIMSELF GAVE THEM CONFIDENCE. 1047 00:54:29,385 --> 00:54:31,679 THEY BELIEVED GRANT KNEW WHAT HE WAS DOING. 1048 00:54:31,846 --> 00:54:34,139 AND ONE GREAT ENCOURAGEMENT FOR THEIR BELIEVING THAT 1049 00:54:34,306 --> 00:54:35,558 WAS QUITE OFTEN ON THE MARCH, 1050 00:54:35,724 --> 00:54:37,560 WHETHER AT NIGHT OR IN THE DAYTIME, 1051 00:54:37,726 --> 00:54:39,687 THEY'D BE MOVING ALONG A ROAD OR OVER A BRIDGE 1052 00:54:39,854 --> 00:54:42,189 AND RIGHT BESIDE THE ROAD WOULD BE GRANT ON HIS HORSE-- 1053 00:54:42,356 --> 00:54:44,900 A DUST-COVERED MAN ON A DUST-COVERED HORSE, 1054 00:54:45,067 --> 00:54:46,277 SAYING "MOVE ON, CLOSE UP." 1055 00:54:46,443 --> 00:54:47,653 SO THEY FELT VERY MUCH 1056 00:54:47,820 --> 00:54:50,197 THAT HE PERSONALLY WAS IN CHARGE OF THEIR MOVEMENT, 1057 00:54:50,364 --> 00:54:52,449 AND IT GAVE THEM AN ADDED CONFIDENCE. 1058 00:55:03,335 --> 00:55:05,087 NARRATOR: IN 3 WEEKS, GRANT'S ARMY, 1059 00:55:05,254 --> 00:55:08,132 CUT OFF FROM ALL COMMUNICATION WITH THE OUTSIDE WORLD, 1060 00:55:08,299 --> 00:55:10,217 MARCHED 180 MILES, 1061 00:55:10,384 --> 00:55:12,303 FOUGHT AND WON 5 BATTLES 1062 00:55:12,469 --> 00:55:15,014 AT PORT GIBSON... 1063 00:55:15,180 --> 00:55:17,016 RAYMOND... 1064 00:55:17,182 --> 00:55:19,101 JACKSON... 1065 00:55:19,268 --> 00:55:21,353 CHAMPION'S HILL... 1066 00:55:21,520 --> 00:55:24,356 AND BIG BLACK RIVER... 1067 00:55:24,523 --> 00:55:26,859 AND FINALLY SURROUNDED VICKSBURG ITSELF, 1068 00:55:27,026 --> 00:55:29,403 TRAPPING 31,000 CONFEDERATES. 1069 00:55:32,948 --> 00:55:33,991 ON MAY 19, 1070 00:55:34,158 --> 00:55:37,077 GRANT TRIED TO TAKE THE TOWN BY DIRECT ASSAULT 1071 00:55:37,244 --> 00:55:39,163 BUT WAS BEATEN BACK. 1072 00:55:39,330 --> 00:55:41,415 CANNON FIRE 1073 00:55:45,294 --> 00:55:46,837 BELLS RING 1074 00:55:47,004 --> 00:55:48,672 MAN: "MAY 19. 1075 00:55:48,839 --> 00:55:51,008 "THANKS BE TO THE GREAT RULER OF THE UNIVERSE. 1076 00:55:51,175 --> 00:55:53,802 "VICKSBURG IS STILL SAFE. 1077 00:55:53,969 --> 00:55:55,054 "THE FIRST GREAT ASSAULT 1078 00:55:55,220 --> 00:55:57,640 "HAS BEEN MOST SUCCESSFULLY REPELLED. 1079 00:55:57,806 --> 00:56:01,185 "ALL MY FEARS IN REFERENCE TO TAKING THE PLACE BY STORM 1080 00:56:01,352 --> 00:56:03,020 "NOW VANISHED. 1081 00:56:03,187 --> 00:56:05,522 "REVEREND WILLIAM LOVELACE FOSTER, 1082 00:56:05,689 --> 00:56:08,776 CHAPLAIN, 35th MISSISSIPPI VOLUNTEERS." 1083 00:56:11,403 --> 00:56:13,489 NARRATOR: GRANT SETTLED IN FOR A SIEGE, 1084 00:56:13,656 --> 00:56:16,659 RESOLVED, HE SAID, TO "OUTCAMP THE ENEMY." 1085 00:56:18,827 --> 00:56:20,412 WOMAN: "IT IS SUCH FOLLY FOR THEM 1086 00:56:20,579 --> 00:56:22,623 "TO WASTE THEIR AMMUNITION LIKE THAT. 1087 00:56:22,790 --> 00:56:24,166 "HOW CAN THEY EVER TAKE A TOWN 1088 00:56:24,333 --> 00:56:28,629 "THAT HAS SUCH ADVANTAGES FOR DEFENSE AND PROTECTION AS THIS? 1089 00:56:28,796 --> 00:56:30,547 "WE'LL JUST BURROW INTO THESE HILLS 1090 00:56:30,714 --> 00:56:33,801 AND LET THEM BATTER AWAY AS HARD AS THEY PLEASE." 1091 00:56:41,350 --> 00:56:43,435 NARRATOR: ON MAY 15, JEFFERSON DAVIS 1092 00:56:43,602 --> 00:56:45,771 SUMMONED GENERAL LEE TO RICHMOND. 1093 00:56:45,938 --> 00:56:48,899 SOMETHING HAD TO BE DONE ABOUT GRANT. 1094 00:56:49,066 --> 00:56:51,235 DAVIS WANTED TO SEND PART OF LEE'S ARMY 1095 00:56:51,402 --> 00:56:53,779 TO RELIEVE VICKSBURG. 1096 00:56:53,946 --> 00:56:55,364 LEE WAS AGAINST IT. 1097 00:56:55,531 --> 00:56:56,865 HE HAD A BOLDER PLAN. 1098 00:56:59,702 --> 00:57:01,203 THE ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA 1099 00:57:01,370 --> 00:57:02,621 SHOULD INVADE THE NORTH AGAIN, 1100 00:57:02,788 --> 00:57:05,791 STRIKING THIS TIME INTO PENNSYLVANIA. 1101 00:57:05,958 --> 00:57:08,585 LEE WOULD ATTACK HARRISBURG AND PHILADELPHIA 1102 00:57:08,752 --> 00:57:12,339 AND FORCE GRANT NORTH TO DEFEND WASHINGTON. 1103 00:57:12,506 --> 00:57:15,718 WITH LUCK, WASHINGTON ITSELF MIGHT FALL. 1104 00:57:15,884 --> 00:57:18,637 IT MIGHT EVEN FORCE LINCOLN TO SUE FOR PEACE 1105 00:57:18,804 --> 00:57:21,974 AND RECOGNIZE THE CONFEDERACY. 1106 00:57:22,141 --> 00:57:23,517 DAVIS AGREED. 1107 00:57:25,394 --> 00:57:28,063 EVERYTHING NOW HUNG ON VICKSBURG IN THE WEST 1108 00:57:28,230 --> 00:57:30,441 AND PENNSYLVANIA IN THE EAST. 1109 00:57:30,607 --> 00:57:33,193 AS GRANT PRESSED HIS SIEGE AT VICKSBURG, 1110 00:57:33,360 --> 00:57:34,653 LEE MOVED NORTH.