1 00:00:10,480 --> 00:00:15,519 Now, before about Bower. 2 00:00:15,519 --> 00:00:23,320 we talked. Bruno Bauer, well, that's about it. 2 months ago. Well then Ludwig Ferba 3 00:00:23,320 --> 00:00:29,920 we talked about. These are actually eh What Marx discussed in German ideology 4 00:00:29,920 --> 00:00:36,160 or the names he talks about Well, two of them. Brunno Bauer uh doctorate 5 00:00:36,160 --> 00:00:42,840 having a teacher and acquaintance A little earlier and well mutual 6 00:00:42,840 --> 00:00:46,760 Bruno because it is based on a relationship We started with Bağer. 7 00:00:46,760 --> 00:00:53,440 Well, of course Foerbah is a special name. So, uh, so the young Hegelians 8 00:00:53,440 --> 00:00:59,399 When it is said, er, Germany, er, Hegel This is effective in his thought after 9 00:00:59,399 --> 00:01:06,119 As the, well, prince of names, see, Ludwerba, who is seen as the theorist of 10 00:01:06,119 --> 00:01:11,200 Bruno Baver is more into that job. As the person who holds the environment together 11 00:01:11,200 --> 00:01:17,479 someone who appears. Steiner, Max Steiner A different figure. well this environment 12 00:01:17,479 --> 00:01:22,320 human again. Well only us in our study 13 00:01:22,320 --> 00:01:30,759 Well, that's it, like Moses H Gürün There are other names too. Well, Marx's 14 00:01:30,759 --> 00:01:35,799 In his Germanology he discussed, talked or And, well, he also refers to his work. 15 00:01:35,799 --> 00:01:40,040 located. not much about them We won't be able to talk. Because that's what we've been given 16 00:01:40,040 --> 00:01:45,640 time is frozen. In the coming period Maybe don't talk about these either. 17 00:01:45,640 --> 00:01:50,479 We may have a chance. Well, and the one with Marx. relations or how Marx describes them. 18 00:01:50,479 --> 00:01:56,960 We may have a chance to talk about what you understand. Well, Mark Stetiner is an interesting figure. 19 00:01:56,960 --> 00:02:05,079 Well, yes, Stener in Marx's life Another figure as interesting as eee 20 00:02:05,079 --> 00:02:12,480 Joseph, okay, what was his name? There are Pierre and Joseph Produn Prodon. Well 21 00:02:12,480 --> 00:02:18,480 Anarchists again, well, anarchism will be discussed within its history, anarchist 22 00:02:18,480 --> 00:02:23,440 Another name to be discussed within the school. Again, directly contacted by Marx, 23 00:02:23,440 --> 00:02:29,319 especially in his life in London There is Mikhail Bakunin. Well, therefore 24 00:02:29,319 --> 00:02:34,560 In Marx's life, er, with the anarchists encounter, 25 00:02:34,560 --> 00:02:40,519 arguing with them or his thoughts, his own thoughts, 26 00:02:40,519 --> 00:02:47,120 while creating various handles turning it into a destination 27 00:02:47,120 --> 00:02:52,879 Well actually maybe in the future there will be something like this Well, it might make you think about working. So 28 00:02:52,879 --> 00:02:57,959 eh heroes of German ideology not as Marx's anarchists 29 00:02:57,959 --> 00:03:03,360 can also be considered. Maybe Stiner there more framed, broader handling 30 00:03:03,360 --> 00:03:09,680 We may have a chance. Well Prudon and With Bakin, Marx thus 31 00:03:09,680 --> 00:03:15,440 direct relationship with anarchists Well, we might have a chance to think about it. 32 00:03:15,440 --> 00:03:20,159 Now our, uh, German ideology When we look at it within the framework of Stetinner 33 00:03:20,159 --> 00:03:26,159 Well, just a little bit about the relationship with Stinner. Let's move forward with focus. Then Marx and 34 00:03:26,159 --> 00:03:31,200 Schiner's, or rather, Marx's How he understood Schetinner and 35 00:03:31,200 --> 00:03:38,239 Stetinner actually has various eee with anecdotes or directly to Marx 36 00:03:38,239 --> 00:03:42,760 Please tell me what you think about it. to complete our conversation by 37 00:03:42,760 --> 00:03:49,920 let's work. Well, Carl Marx in Maxiner Like, here is a name in the 19th century. 38 00:03:49,920 --> 00:03:54,079 1806-1856 He lives between years. So about 39 00:03:54,079 --> 00:03:59,519 Someone who has a lifespan of 50 years. actually His name is not Max Steiner. His nickname is Max 40 00:03:59,519 --> 00:04:05,079 Steiner. Well, Stetirn expression, take it wide 41 00:04:05,079 --> 00:04:11,079 It means. Stinner was also taken wide It's called, well, it's called. hanged 42 00:04:11,079 --> 00:04:18,160 Yoan, Kaspar, Schmit. Well, that's an interesting one. character Stinner. Really, just Car. 43 00:04:18,160 --> 00:04:22,000 Not Marmarks. About us Car Marmarx You lost so much of your life because we talked 44 00:04:22,000 --> 00:04:27,280 As we said, perhaps Marx's Your life is very complicated, very problematic 45 00:04:27,280 --> 00:04:35,919 Well, it's getting to the point of poverty. Well, life is under the conditions of eee. 46 00:04:35,919 --> 00:04:41,080 We saw that it continued. Maxiner too I won't talk about your life but eh 47 00:04:41,080 --> 00:04:46,960 Joseph Prodon also lives very different lives. they don't live. Well, in the 19th century 48 00:04:46,960 --> 00:04:53,720 to be revolutionary er or revolutionary To indulge in imagination, just a little bit 49 00:04:53,720 --> 00:04:59,120 Well, struggling with poverty something that brings with it. Well, so 50 00:04:59,120 --> 00:05:03,039 It is not a mandatory reason, but it is a general There is such a situation. 51 00:05:03,039 --> 00:05:08,039 Something like this happens in Şin's life, too. He becomes an orphan at a very early age, etc. 6 52 00:05:08,039 --> 00:05:13,720 After 1 month, well, your relatives grows next to you. Then a philosophy 53 00:05:13,720 --> 00:05:18,600 Well, by his teacher. is encouraged and goes to Berlin and 54 00:05:18,600 --> 00:05:22,840 eh It is possible to listen to Hegel directly. 55 00:05:22,840 --> 00:05:31,120 Well and well it starts to work. Well your thing Well, Stinner's, which we all know very well. 56 00:05:31,120 --> 00:05:35,919 He has a work. two different words into Turkish The publishing house translated it. Well, for a first 57 00:05:35,919 --> 00:05:40,360 Chaos translated the broadcasts. And then Ngunung publications Stinner's books 58 00:05:40,360 --> 00:05:46,000 turned it over. Well, the book from Nung is mine I have it. It was also in chaos broadcasts 59 00:05:46,000 --> 00:05:48,919 But maybe a doctor? student or graduate student 60 00:05:48,919 --> 00:05:54,520 He did not come back from his student. Well your thing Well, it is accepted as the correct translation. 61 00:05:54,520 --> 00:06:00,880 The work is unique and owned in Turkish. with the title international 62 00:06:00,880 --> 00:06:06,440 Acceptance of names that work hard on That's what he does. Well, the One and Only 63 00:06:06,440 --> 00:06:11,160 I will explain the reason for the ownership in a moment. Well, your book is in English. 64 00:06:11,160 --> 00:06:18,880 translation, that is, at the end of the 19th century It's happening. Well, English to English 65 00:06:18,880 --> 00:06:25,160 Translated as the ego and its oven is being translated. This is the first English publication 66 00:06:25,160 --> 00:06:31,240 Because it is an edition, it is called ego and itself. e is expressed. This Chaos Publications 67 00:06:31,240 --> 00:06:36,080 It was also translated by under this title. Actually, this translation has a problem. 68 00:06:36,080 --> 00:06:41,160 Because the ego expression here is eh in psychological terms, ego expression 69 00:06:41,160 --> 00:06:49,240 being mixed. Well and egoism oh In Stenner's analysis of this 70 00:06:49,240 --> 00:06:55,000 As the psychological resonance increases, actually Stetin is moved away. this too 71 00:06:55,000 --> 00:07:00,479 Let's say it's some kind of translation problem. second Translated once in English the unique 72 00:07:00,479 --> 00:07:06,960 individual and their property. So In fact, the unique expression, the unique expression 73 00:07:06,960 --> 00:07:13,080 It's very important. Because this is actually eh directly from Schinner's work 74 00:07:13,080 --> 00:07:20,199 What you see when you read with irreducible, unique eee expressions 75 00:07:20,199 --> 00:07:26,800 expresses individuality that can be met and a book on its ownership 76 00:07:26,800 --> 00:07:31,400 there is. in 1844 He writes this. Of course without writing this 77 00:07:31,400 --> 00:07:36,000 Stener goes through other paths first. But we basically know 78 00:07:36,000 --> 00:07:41,280 what we want or want to learn this is the book. Well, other than that, it's unfair 79 00:07:41,280 --> 00:07:46,800 Don't do it, there is a lot of this in Turkish. Criticisms of Stetinner's book 80 00:07:46,800 --> 00:07:51,280 is coming. Stetinner in 1845 Stetinner's critics 81 00:07:51,280 --> 00:07:55,560 He writes a book. This book is also Ning For those who are interested in publications, 82 00:07:55,560 --> 00:08:00,560 you can read. that's a little eh It's about 70 pages long. of this 83 00:08:00,560 --> 00:08:06,159 Apart from that, I guess it's international in this regard. He may live in Germany, I don't know. 84 00:08:06,159 --> 00:08:12,840 Well, there is a guy named Halil İbrahim Türkdoğan. Well, there is something. There is the author and the translator is the same 85 00:08:12,840 --> 00:08:18,120 at time. But also about Stetin e. 3 down signatures on all works 86 00:08:18,120 --> 00:08:23,159 A name with five or so signatures. I I don't know him but eh 87 00:08:23,159 --> 00:08:30,280 I benefited greatly from his works. himself probably Stener eee eee and eee language 88 00:08:30,280 --> 00:08:35,640 and a strong impact on the world of thought Someone who has spread in this way. Liva 89 00:08:35,640 --> 00:08:41,039 A Stener named Parerga from his publications He has a book. It is also a thin book. Halil 90 00:08:41,039 --> 00:08:44,519 Another translation by İbrahim Türkdoğan. Translations in Norgund by Halil İbrahim 91 00:08:44,519 --> 00:08:50,080 If I'm not mistaken, Türkdoğan's. Parherga means missing. So this is it 92 00:08:50,080 --> 00:08:55,200 In fact, it is unique and its property A statement to complete. Yet another 93 00:08:55,200 --> 00:09:01,600 The publishing house is something called Ganzer Kitap. this Well, I guess, well, this is very special. 94 00:09:01,600 --> 00:09:07,560 something that comes out in the field. will be released in this area er Steiner and er in the field of anarchism 95 00:09:07,560 --> 00:09:13,440 Our training for employees is wrong principle or humanism and realism. this this this 96 00:09:13,440 --> 00:09:19,560 There are e articles and a few more articles. Well, it's in these books. Because this 97 00:09:19,560 --> 00:09:24,360 things are important. eh this is it in 1844 98 00:09:24,360 --> 00:09:31,079 the only thing we come across and its property Well, the debate is actually Foerbach's question. 99 00:09:31,079 --> 00:09:37,200 A criticism of his understanding is also contains first. Even the One and Only 100 00:09:37,200 --> 00:09:44,560 Poer thing at the entrance of the property eee I say Ferbah. Steiner puts it this way: 101 00:09:44,560 --> 00:09:49,200 is using. This is important for us make the quote. Why? Because both Bruno 102 00:09:49,200 --> 00:09:55,040 Baer is someone we've covered before as well as Foerba e Stiner's 103 00:09:55,040 --> 00:09:59,959 There is an expression. human He says that man is the highest being 104 00:09:59,959 --> 00:10:04,200 Foyba. Man has just been discovered, says Bruno 105 00:10:04,200 --> 00:10:11,920 Bauer. Then this is the highest being, this is the most this latest discovery up close 106 00:10:11,920 --> 00:10:16,320 Let's examine. Actually the One and Only Ownership of both Foyer Bagin and Burnu 107 00:10:16,320 --> 00:10:22,320 Bagu's claims are closely related to the human being. don't look at it 108 00:10:22,320 --> 00:10:26,839 A work with a purpose. Well just a little bit book to confuse people 109 00:10:26,839 --> 00:10:32,480 A quote from the beginning, or rather a That's the epigram. Now here's the result 110 00:10:32,480 --> 00:10:38,000 from the section eee Biricik civilian unique and from the consequence part of the property 111 00:10:38,000 --> 00:10:42,959 About what is unique? Well, there is confusion in the minds or at work 112 00:10:42,959 --> 00:10:48,279 a eh In order to create an image, 113 00:10:48,279 --> 00:10:54,200 A paragraph I will quote says: Well, then slowly this 114 00:10:54,200 --> 00:10:58,079 We will try to clear up the confusion or this We will try to make the image meaningful. 115 00:10:58,079 --> 00:11:03,600 People have an orientation that is outside of me what they had to give me 116 00:11:03,600 --> 00:11:09,320 They were thinking, and as a result, human that I should ask for what is from me 117 00:11:09,320 --> 00:11:14,839 They waited. Because to them I am I am human. This is the magic of Christianity 118 00:11:14,839 --> 00:11:20,519 This is the circle. Fihte's me is the same It is a being that is somehow outside of me. 119 00:11:20,519 --> 00:11:27,760 Because everyone is me and if only this If I have rights, then it is me. 120 00:11:27,760 --> 00:11:34,639 But that's not me. me but different I'm not the only one next to me. personally 121 00:11:34,639 --> 00:11:40,800 alone, my only one. Therefore my needs are also 122 00:11:40,800 --> 00:11:45,839 I am unique, and so are my actions. In short, every My thing is unique. 123 00:11:45,839 --> 00:11:51,800 And just as this one and only me, I am always I take the thing into my own possession. 124 00:11:51,800 --> 00:11:57,279 Just as this me, I mobilize myself As I have experienced and developed. I 125 00:11:57,279 --> 00:12:01,920 I do not improve people as humans. I develop as myself 126 00:12:01,920 --> 00:12:08,880 myself. This is the meaning of the unique. Now this statement is a bit understandable. 127 00:12:08,880 --> 00:12:13,959 Let's try to make it happen. More precisely well, make this thought understandable 128 00:12:13,959 --> 00:12:21,240 We will try to bring it. Eee eee eee 129 00:12:21,240 --> 00:12:26,440 mentioning some contradictions let's start. Well, as you can see, well, 130 00:12:26,440 --> 00:12:34,519 In this quote, there is a connection between man and me. There is a transition. But that passage is quickly abandoned 131 00:12:34,519 --> 00:12:40,440 A transition made. Me and other me There is a transition between but quickly abandoned 132 00:12:40,440 --> 00:12:47,720 A transition made. And just point at me There is me who does. So there is only one me. 133 00:12:47,720 --> 00:12:54,959 And this one and only me is actually write a story that starts with oneself 134 00:12:54,959 --> 00:13:01,399 There is an I or a unique person who wants As the only possible attempt 135 00:13:01,399 --> 00:13:07,040 stands before us. Now here are two Well, I can do anything. Well don't send 136 00:13:07,040 --> 00:13:14,320 we can. One of them is eh If you read Sheiner experts, well 137 00:13:14,320 --> 00:13:20,639 I've read a few of them. south A radical analysis compiled by Çeğin 138 00:13:20,639 --> 00:13:26,560 The lost legacy of the thinker MStinner book there is. Soul Newman from Libera publications 139 00:13:26,560 --> 00:13:31,160 He has two books on Stinner. One One of them was published by Nika publications. 140 00:13:31,160 --> 00:13:35,199 Directly about Mark Stiner Soul Newman's book. one too 141 00:13:35,199 --> 00:13:40,880 A book that is a compilation of Soul Neuman. The politics of the post-anarchist. post 142 00:13:40,880 --> 00:13:47,519 A compilation called The Politics of Anarchism. Well, here eh 143 00:13:47,519 --> 00:13:54,720 Approximately 15 of these articles Well, from the article Nietzsche's, 144 00:13:54,720 --> 00:14:01,839 well, a language close to your style and language user, thought to use, 145 00:14:01,839 --> 00:14:06,120 Possibly Nietzsche influenced many aspects of his thought 146 00:14:06,120 --> 00:14:12,560 Stetin, who is thought to be, well, Why you never mentioned Stetin? 147 00:14:12,560 --> 00:14:18,480 Well, well, I won't pass it on as a note. It will be necessary. But eh, still, eh. 148 00:14:18,480 --> 00:14:24,600 Stetin experts believe that Nietzsche actually Well, a figure influenced by Stetin 149 00:14:24,600 --> 00:14:29,560 that you are, that you are a thinker, well they say. So, of course, in between 150 00:14:29,560 --> 00:14:36,560 relationship erm biology thing erm How about proving it philosophically? 151 00:14:36,560 --> 00:14:42,040 Maybe it's possible, but what is it as a thing? traces of a direct interaction 152 00:14:42,040 --> 00:14:47,199 Well, it wasn't presented by Nietzsche. However, these are just opinions 153 00:14:47,199 --> 00:14:51,480 things that will remain. Well, from the passage I read here 154 00:14:51,480 --> 00:14:56,079 You may have felt it. very well He was more crude than Nietzsche. 155 00:14:56,079 --> 00:15:00,839 Although it is claimed that Stinner extraordinary use of language and language 156 00:15:00,839 --> 00:15:08,519 Let's talk about his proclivity for games. It is necessary. Now, someone who thinks like this 157 00:15:08,519 --> 00:15:14,000 well the person i.e. Foerbaha and Bruno The person who called Bagauer like that 158 00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:18,600 people who claim to have discovered or people who think they have just been discovered and 159 00:15:18,600 --> 00:15:24,600 an imagination of what it is Beware of those who think they are 160 00:15:24,600 --> 00:15:32,519 Come on, let's think about this person. caller e Stener eee 161 00:15:32,519 --> 00:15:36,639 Among the young Aegelists in 1844 When you published this work 162 00:15:36,639 --> 00:15:41,079 a big controversy when it was published creates. Well, everyone is interested in this work. 163 00:15:41,079 --> 00:15:47,360 Moses Hes is Foerba, everyone is the same becomes part of the discussion. Of course 164 00:15:47,360 --> 00:15:52,000 We'll see a little later. This is Marx Someone joins the discussion from one end. 165 00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:57,680 This attitude of Stiller, this unique and attitude towards ownership of various opinions 166 00:15:57,680 --> 00:16:02,720 It also affects the shapes of a eeee what Let's say that you have prepared the ground 167 00:16:02,720 --> 00:16:06,720 Maybe it should be stated here. eh Maybe it could have been expressed at the end. 168 00:16:06,720 --> 00:16:10,920 What impact of criticism does Stiner have? Because it happened. But well I think it's here 169 00:16:10,920 --> 00:16:15,839 It seemed more accurate to express it. In other words, the idea of ​​an individualist anarchism. 170 00:16:15,839 --> 00:16:21,319 So now anarchisms Well, we will talk about that too. 171 00:16:21,319 --> 00:16:27,720 Well, anarchism or anarchisms? anarchism or anarchy? So which 172 00:16:27,720 --> 00:16:33,800 It is important that he is on the side. Here is social There are anarchs, there are ecologist anarchists. 173 00:16:33,800 --> 00:16:38,720 Here there is something called individualist anarchism. Well, we are talking about the figure. Well 174 00:16:38,720 --> 00:16:44,639 in a separate place among anarchisms Someone to stop. Anyway, Stenin, well, 1848 175 00:16:44,639 --> 00:16:49,519 With the coming of the revolutions, that is, the 19th century. The great mobility of 19th century Europe 176 00:16:49,519 --> 00:16:54,560 revolution in revolutionary movement It disappears after a while. lost 177 00:16:54,560 --> 00:16:59,079 a figure. So back in the 1880s Stiner again after his death 178 00:16:59,079 --> 00:17:04,480 someone is discovering and therefore It comes to the fore again. Well but 179 00:17:04,480 --> 00:17:10,439 Well, in the history of anarchism, there are many mentioning the name of the anarchist historian 180 00:17:10,439 --> 00:17:14,919 against a name he refuses we are facing Some special ones, such as Dostoyevsky 181 00:17:14,919 --> 00:17:20,120 figures, some special figures like Tostoy Contacts of things with Stinner 182 00:17:20,120 --> 00:17:26,360 not to hide eee eee attitude into eee They entered. Well, so here 183 00:17:26,360 --> 00:17:29,960 Where to find Stiner in anarchism? If there is a question about how to place it etc. 184 00:17:29,960 --> 00:17:34,600 first hand individualism in our minds called anarchism but this is not enough 185 00:17:34,600 --> 00:17:39,919 It's a strange naming but it's a naming. can be counted as. At least Left Newon 186 00:17:39,919 --> 00:17:43,679 He says that's what I say but I also say He says he will criticize this soon. I 187 00:17:43,679 --> 00:17:48,240 I should mention it because it's put somewhere. Our placement in the history of philosophy 188 00:17:48,240 --> 00:17:52,559 It is necessary. Maybe to understand To make it easier. A nihilistic side 189 00:17:52,559 --> 00:17:57,360 there is. Yes. Well, later Stenin, here is existentialism. 190 00:17:57,360 --> 00:18:03,080 on existentialism at work Existentialism in Sartter's work 191 00:18:03,080 --> 00:18:07,640 While enumerating his principles, Schiner's And yes, these principles are also the source of 192 00:18:07,640 --> 00:18:13,679 There is an attitude that will create We can express. At least Sarter's 193 00:18:13,679 --> 00:18:19,640 Also from Heidiger and from Stinner We know you have news. 194 00:18:19,640 --> 00:18:26,240 Well, of course Stinner's ego here is In other words, the ego and its own 195 00:18:26,240 --> 00:18:30,960 There was a problem caused by the translation. But so here is a psychoanalytic theory 196 00:18:30,960 --> 00:18:37,799 Between and Stinner, well, 19. Small contacts at the end of the century 197 00:18:37,799 --> 00:18:43,400 Well, it is stated that it was established. Nowadays And these are being done. So it's like this 198 00:18:43,400 --> 00:18:48,400 There is interaction. Of course, in postmodern theory always such a erm figure 199 00:18:48,400 --> 00:18:53,720 impossible to miss. So it's in it well Stetin can be counted 200 00:18:53,720 --> 00:19:01,440 we can think. Well then, so In 1842, our education was not correct. 201 00:19:01,440 --> 00:19:06,640 principle or humanism and realism Since a person writes a work, he 202 00:19:06,640 --> 00:19:11,080 is teaching. at university could not find the opportunity to work. a while 203 00:19:11,080 --> 00:19:14,919 He worked as a teacher. So now this is working on, such a study 204 00:19:14,919 --> 00:19:20,000 It's an important thing to do. Because this Well, actually, in a way, Marx's Foerbah 205 00:19:20,000 --> 00:19:25,120 stated in the sixth theses on in the debate about the essence of man 206 00:19:25,120 --> 00:19:29,440 or training educators discussions on the need for 207 00:19:29,440 --> 00:19:34,480 Something to reference. I Who said the interactions here first? 208 00:19:34,480 --> 00:19:39,159 Who said it next, who caught what from whom? I don't think like that, but I don't think like that. 209 00:19:39,159 --> 00:19:44,159 I don't think it's useful either. Because Maybe these are for bias 210 00:19:44,159 --> 00:19:48,880 can be concluded. Well, to this we don't need it. Because common problems 211 00:19:48,880 --> 00:19:54,760 there is. So in Türkiye today, at work or We have common problems in the world today. 212 00:19:54,760 --> 00:19:59,760 Thinking practices regarding this may be us without touching each other, 213 00:19:59,760 --> 00:20:03,600 similar to each other without touching We may also have produced solutions. 214 00:20:03,600 --> 00:20:10,120 Therefore, this is a eee Is it mutual interaction or is it the same? 215 00:20:10,120 --> 00:20:15,080 Same thing, what can we say in the group? resulting from thinking activity 216 00:20:15,080 --> 00:20:19,760 Shall we think of it as similarities? I don't know. So how do you decide? 217 00:20:19,760 --> 00:20:25,080 It's up to you. But this is me I find the similarities meaningful. Well 218 00:20:25,080 --> 00:20:30,919 Stener's Well, he has an attitude. Well it's slow here 219 00:20:30,919 --> 00:20:36,640 We are slowly starting to leave. The only and The property book is actually both liberal and liberal. 220 00:20:36,640 --> 00:20:43,080 individualism in the sense of both ideologies of social equality 221 00:20:43,080 --> 00:20:49,039 to communism and socialism in a yee attitude towards eee 222 00:20:49,039 --> 00:20:53,679 It's improving. Already Unity and Ownership If you open the book and read it, 223 00:20:53,679 --> 00:20:57,480 if you tried Well, the first one is a two-parter. 224 00:20:57,480 --> 00:21:02,159 book The first part is human, the second The first part is me, the first part is human 225 00:21:02,159 --> 00:21:08,679 We see a historical narrative in the section. he/she historical narrative, here are the old times, the old 226 00:21:08,679 --> 00:21:13,919 Starting from the verse until today comes and the third part they are free 227 00:21:13,919 --> 00:21:19,880 section. So libertarians, well liberteners section. There political liberalism, 228 00:21:19,880 --> 00:21:24,279 social liberalism and humanism liberalism, liberalism 229 00:21:24,279 --> 00:21:32,360 libertarian thought, eeee, all eeee extends to thinking practices, but 230 00:21:32,360 --> 00:21:38,840 We are here, so how are all these? as a result rather than what it deals with 231 00:21:38,840 --> 00:21:43,720 ee any type of ee individual or of collectivity 232 00:21:43,720 --> 00:21:48,000 Well, as an ideological ideal or ideally or as a normative 233 00:21:48,000 --> 00:21:54,640 to be presented to the world against, well, a complete opposition 234 00:21:54,640 --> 00:22:02,720 It can be stated that. again its him this attitude of yours, especially this 235 00:22:02,720 --> 00:22:06,960 in compilation books, on Maktiner in compilation books 236 00:22:06,960 --> 00:22:13,600 with anarchocommunism and anti-capitalism relationship is established. In fact, in this respect 237 00:22:13,600 --> 00:22:20,720 Considered this way, communism is a It's like a break, I mean this type of anarchism 238 00:22:20,720 --> 00:22:26,159 reaching involves communism There is also the idea that it should. But this idea 239 00:22:26,159 --> 00:22:30,760 This will probably go against Ştin If he had been told, he would have objected. already 240 00:22:30,760 --> 00:22:36,679 he is against it, he is against it is coming. now 241 00:22:36,679 --> 00:22:43,159 Well, other than that, but some of Marx's The first thing he affirmed was Engels. 242 00:22:43,159 --> 00:22:48,440 He approved it when he read it, but then Engels After his correspondence with Marx, his 243 00:22:48,440 --> 00:22:55,039 Well, by thinking like Marx, well, distance Stilner he got. Well, for example, before 244 00:22:55,039 --> 00:23:00,480 Something that is also in Prudon, Marx is in Prudon This is what he praised. well it's similar to this 245 00:23:00,480 --> 00:23:07,760 things. After all, they are in favor of labor. or they are on the worker's side at work and 246 00:23:07,760 --> 00:23:12,520 Much more advanced than prodon Stinner's view that private property is under all circumstances 247 00:23:12,520 --> 00:23:17,960 A form of ownership that kills workers The defense that free competition is 248 00:23:17,960 --> 00:23:24,080 there will never be any freedom Well, it means that this is Marx's great 249 00:23:24,080 --> 00:23:29,080 things that meet your appreciation. Why is this so? thinking? Because in fact Marx also 250 00:23:29,080 --> 00:23:33,120 thoughts on political economy maturation 251 00:23:33,120 --> 00:23:38,600 Well, in German ideology or German In the process leading up to the ideology 252 00:23:38,600 --> 00:23:44,200 It is not clear either. So 1857 So in another 10 years, maybe even more. 253 00:23:44,200 --> 00:23:53,159 It will become clear. Well, for example, Marx also wrote about Prudon. money and private property uh, uh, uh, uh, 254 00:23:53,159 --> 00:23:57,880 failure to perceive it as a form of commodity He was criticizing. But Stenner does this 255 00:23:57,880 --> 00:24:02,240 harsher expressions as perceived is using. Well, private property 256 00:24:02,240 --> 00:24:07,039 The division of labor created by the worker Well, he states that he killed. Well, 257 00:24:07,039 --> 00:24:14,159 If you remember in Marx, well, paid Well, the free was turning the worker into a slave. 258 00:24:14,159 --> 00:24:18,480 Therefore, many eee states that there are similarities 259 00:24:18,480 --> 00:24:23,960 This is one of the points we make we can say. Secondly, well, again, well, 260 00:24:23,960 --> 00:24:29,000 Well, another approach of Stetin is the state It is based on labor exploitation. labor 261 00:24:29,000 --> 00:24:34,039 If the state becomes free, it will disappear. Well, there is an implication. like I said eh 262 00:24:34,039 --> 00:24:40,360 well eh Stinner experts generally make such a rough 263 00:24:40,360 --> 00:24:46,240 a eeee inference approach They say it is in. But 264 00:24:46,240 --> 00:24:51,279 So we are getting to the heart of the matter here. In order for it to spread, 265 00:24:51,279 --> 00:24:55,600 There is no harm in expressing it this way I think. Labor exploitation now 266 00:24:55,600 --> 00:25:01,720 What establishes the state is actually a kind of It is an exploitation activity. Well, to the thought 267 00:25:01,720 --> 00:25:07,240 but does it only establish the state? But here labor exploitation is specifically 268 00:25:07,240 --> 00:25:12,440 Since it is emphasized that in this respect It is necessary to look. In Marx, this is also a 269 00:25:12,440 --> 00:25:17,880 different, of course, being more detailed in Marx It is stated that it is similar to 270 00:25:17,880 --> 00:25:22,559 we can. Probably Marx said that if labor is liberated, the state 271 00:25:22,559 --> 00:25:29,120 your mind disappears in another way will express. For example, Marx will say 272 00:25:29,120 --> 00:25:33,799 which, of course, not now, so eh from 18445s 273 00:25:33,799 --> 00:25:40,919 we are not talking about. 1800, well, 57 67 Since the publication of Capital Volume 1 274 00:25:40,919 --> 00:25:46,159 20 years if we take reference in its publication then 3 down 5 up well then 275 00:25:46,159 --> 00:25:51,080 Considering that living labor is dead labor is the end of its domination over 276 00:25:51,080 --> 00:25:56,200 For example, it says communism, right? So actually communism is alive 277 00:25:56,200 --> 00:26:00,640 It is an activity of liberating labor. How will this happen? That's how labor disappears 278 00:26:00,640 --> 00:26:07,120 will be removed. That's what we call labor. what? money, that's it, etc., etc. again 279 00:26:07,120 --> 00:26:13,080 Well, it's a common thing. so Marx wouldn't have expressed it that way 280 00:26:13,080 --> 00:26:18,559 But it's obvious he likes it. Labor is egoistic It has character. The worker is egoistic. 281 00:26:18,559 --> 00:26:24,399 Now egoism here is not that. liberal something other than the individual's own interest 282 00:26:24,399 --> 00:26:29,159 not to worship. Therefore, it is in one's own interest It is not just that he desires his own benefit. 283 00:26:29,159 --> 00:26:34,640 What we are talking about here is, of course, the individual's Desire for one's own benefit is here 284 00:26:34,640 --> 00:26:44,080 what is said. But this is its own Well, when you want to realize your desire 285 00:26:44,080 --> 00:26:48,000 eh realize yourself, or rather your own 286 00:26:48,000 --> 00:26:54,240 When you want to fulfill your desire What the worker will build with chains 287 00:26:54,240 --> 00:26:58,080 binding on relationship or self relationship with chains 288 00:26:58,080 --> 00:27:03,960 It seems to have a liberating side to it. I ask you to think about the expression. Because 289 00:27:03,960 --> 00:27:07,559 This communist manifesto is a similar something that resonates, something that resonates 290 00:27:07,559 --> 00:27:14,760 thing. Well, that's okay, capital is not egoistic. ? His egoism is liberal egoism. Yes, 291 00:27:14,760 --> 00:27:19,559 TRUE. He thinks about his own interests, but he At the end of the day his situation is illusory 292 00:27:19,559 --> 00:27:24,720 a situation. Therefore, here such illusory or alienation at work 293 00:27:24,720 --> 00:27:29,279 There is no such thing as a situation. directly profit from concrete business 294 00:27:29,279 --> 00:27:32,840 The worker as an entity that defends sees. 295 00:27:32,840 --> 00:27:41,039 Eee, for example, eee, eee, again, eee In Stinner's approach, the individual is completely 296 00:27:41,039 --> 00:27:45,039 as something incomprehensible appears before us. Now every time I open it 297 00:27:45,039 --> 00:27:49,039 to open up a little more when we talk we will try. What cannot be fully understood? 298 00:27:49,039 --> 00:27:56,600 mean? So what we call unique is the concept whatever the person is 299 00:27:56,600 --> 00:28:01,760 He is completely incomprehensible. Because it is unique. The only one is the only one. this 300 00:28:01,760 --> 00:28:07,399 He already defines it this way. Well well eh 301 00:28:07,399 --> 00:28:12,080 The individual is the one and only. How does one reach the state of self? 302 00:28:12,080 --> 00:28:16,600 When we say, your own desires and can reach it by making his/her own decisions. 303 00:28:16,600 --> 00:28:22,960 Therefore, if you pursue your desires A going egoist is a willing egoist 304 00:28:22,960 --> 00:28:29,279 As such, it can realize itself. If you don't follow your desires, 305 00:28:29,279 --> 00:28:34,840 instead, for the sake of happiness and security Put your desires behind another goal 306 00:28:34,840 --> 00:28:39,960 If there are people hiding, they are reluctant They are egoists. which these reluctant egoists 307 00:28:39,960 --> 00:28:47,039 Well, according to willing egoists It's a slightly different situation. 308 00:28:47,039 --> 00:28:51,640 is in. Because the other one feels realize and capture your uniqueness 309 00:28:51,640 --> 00:28:56,000 While you can, that is, on your own with a uniqueness from your experience eeee 310 00:28:56,000 --> 00:29:00,600 While you can get out, the other one finds himself a It is possible to find it in uniqueness 311 00:29:00,600 --> 00:29:07,399 It won't happen. willing egoists with nature Well, not by nature but by culture 312 00:29:07,399 --> 00:29:12,279 against all authority laid down They liberate themselves. So what 313 00:29:12,279 --> 00:29:16,679 do we mean? From the 18th century Fundamentals of European thought 314 00:29:16,679 --> 00:29:22,679 One of the problems is primary nature, Second nature debate. 315 00:29:22,679 --> 00:29:27,519 primary nature, that is, according to natural lawyers expressed or nature in general 316 00:29:27,519 --> 00:29:33,440 What we can say is that living things their existence, well, this is nature's gift 317 00:29:33,440 --> 00:29:38,720 within its possibilities realizing and without resorting to artificiality 318 00:29:38,720 --> 00:29:44,200 living things that can sustain their existence We are talking about a nature that lives in. this 319 00:29:44,200 --> 00:29:48,960 primary nature. Second nature is through the sociality of human beings 320 00:29:48,960 --> 00:29:54,480 through the culture it produces the nature he created. So nature is secondary 321 00:29:54,480 --> 00:30:01,880 What we call nature is also culture. ee ee According to Stener, here are the willing egoists 322 00:30:01,880 --> 00:30:06,960 can reach this primary nature are the ones. in secondary nature 323 00:30:06,960 --> 00:30:12,080 Although the rest feel themselves Even if they realize they are against the authorities 324 00:30:12,080 --> 00:30:16,960 liberation struggles Even if they do it, as a result 325 00:30:16,960 --> 00:30:23,000 any aspect of culture by culture What are the elements: religion, state, ideology? 326 00:30:23,000 --> 00:30:27,480 let me know any normative level that they can be determined by 327 00:30:27,480 --> 00:30:33,240 says. Now one more step let's move on. Now culture like the state 328 00:30:33,240 --> 00:30:39,360 All institutions created and hosted by He calls them ghosts. Who? 329 00:30:39,360 --> 00:30:43,720 Schitener. Now this ghost expression is also A very important statement. you know 330 00:30:43,720 --> 00:30:48,080 It is also mentioned in the communist manifesto. Well From the specter of a revolution in Europe 331 00:30:48,080 --> 00:30:55,919 is mentioned. This ghost is the idea of the ghost important idea. Then there's this ghost 332 00:30:55,919 --> 00:31:01,399 on his thought, well, not Derida's ? The ghosts of Marx expression 333 00:31:01,399 --> 00:31:06,639 uses what is repressed 334 00:31:06,639 --> 00:31:12,039 In fact, it is desired but never achieved. The reason for this is that it cannot be passed 335 00:31:12,039 --> 00:31:17,159 repressed by culture Trying to break things 336 00:31:17,159 --> 00:31:20,840 etc. etc. etc. something we can diversify. one 337 00:31:20,840 --> 00:31:27,679 not calculated properly or not fully calculated things that are not given as such and 338 00:31:27,679 --> 00:31:33,200 realities repeat themselves to make it appear as reality 339 00:31:33,200 --> 00:31:40,399 sticker. Well, here is the state and culture. well Stener as a ghost like this 340 00:31:40,399 --> 00:31:46,039 sees. All its institutions are in language. including as a ghost 341 00:31:46,039 --> 00:31:54,880 sees and says, well, property is actually This is something that exists within these relationships. 342 00:31:54,880 --> 00:32:00,080 is a thing and emerges from power relations. has come out. Now this is an important statement. 343 00:32:00,080 --> 00:32:06,000 Coming up with power relations. Well, We know that since Plato 344 00:32:06,000 --> 00:32:11,519 When we read, uh, political philosophy on the history or history of ethics 345 00:32:11,519 --> 00:32:19,039 When we work up to MIVEL, well, a thing, our thought or philosophy 346 00:32:19,039 --> 00:32:25,320 Let's narrow down our field, philosophy Well, your fiction is about virtues. 347 00:32:25,320 --> 00:32:30,120 that is, through the virtues, good to be human, to have a good state 348 00:32:30,120 --> 00:32:35,639 emerged etc. We're having a discussion, but well, it's from Makelli. 349 00:32:35,639 --> 00:32:41,360 From Makelli, Spinoza etc. slowly in an ongoing sequence 350 00:32:41,360 --> 00:32:46,000 slow down, this is power instead of virtues their relationships 351 00:32:46,000 --> 00:32:50,200 We start speaking in the eee language. Therefore, power is the basis of modern society. 352 00:32:50,200 --> 00:32:56,600 Unlike antiquity, modern society the thought of man and state 353 00:32:56,600 --> 00:33:02,679 perception or related phenomena In order to understand, we must not abandon 354 00:33:02,679 --> 00:33:08,600 It becomes a necessary stop. in a similar way 355 00:33:08,600 --> 00:33:12,720 property and power relations relates and reveals 356 00:33:12,720 --> 00:33:18,159 He says the fruits of power relations all principles that preserve abstractions 357 00:33:18,159 --> 00:33:23,399 It is a social ghost, a ghost. So he is saying that these power relations are either 358 00:33:23,399 --> 00:33:27,720 this way They produce some fruits. 359 00:33:27,720 --> 00:33:32,639 One of them is property. This property eee property of relations 360 00:33:32,639 --> 00:33:37,399 made to protect relations All the abstractions that exist. from abstractions 361 00:33:37,399 --> 00:33:44,159 what do we mean? Here are some laws, principles. The right law that complies with these 362 00:33:44,159 --> 00:33:49,880 Because of all your understandings Well, before us as ghosts 363 00:33:49,880 --> 00:33:56,600 it stands. Well, there is such a thing as the Union of Egoists. Something stands in the way of all this 364 00:33:56,600 --> 00:34:03,039 in front of you. So, opposite to this, this Well, what can we say against the state? 365 00:34:03,039 --> 00:34:06,639 against the law, these abstractions in front of this normative world 366 00:34:06,639 --> 00:34:11,720 against these power relations, brings something against its fruits 367 00:34:11,720 --> 00:34:16,000 eh Stetin and his name: League of Egoists 368 00:34:16,000 --> 00:34:21,000 He says this has become a controversial issue It will transform later. But we do it here 369 00:34:21,000 --> 00:34:25,079 Let's put it here as a contrast. The League of Egoists is essentially 370 00:34:25,079 --> 00:34:29,560 They are an immoral group. In what sense? What we just told you 371 00:34:29,560 --> 00:34:36,040 in sense. Because power relations are actually He suppressed some people in some way. Well 372 00:34:36,040 --> 00:34:42,000 He reduced it to some rules and enumerated it. He limited them to those areas. 373 00:34:42,000 --> 00:34:47,520 Therefore the union of egoists is their Everything they create is natural 374 00:34:47,520 --> 00:34:52,800 their own goods and property they are counting. Therefore it says that all 375 00:34:52,800 --> 00:34:57,040 culture, all of humanity so far Everything that has been created in your name is ours 376 00:34:57,040 --> 00:35:02,520 Those who say or say everything is mine ee a unity that expresses unity 377 00:35:02,520 --> 00:35:06,920 It turns out as . In this sense, immoral something. You know, on the basis of morality 378 00:35:06,920 --> 00:35:12,680 What did the log say? or the basis of the state It established property relations. 379 00:35:12,680 --> 00:35:18,760 Ruso, as a natural jurist, is exactly that. Well, actually I'm happy with this situation. 380 00:35:18,760 --> 00:35:23,240 We're not, but it could get worse. We don't want to. to the old situation 381 00:35:23,240 --> 00:35:26,640 We won't be able to return. Then a society He said we need a contract. 382 00:35:26,640 --> 00:35:32,640 There is always a limit, a barrier against negativity. draw a border and make that border limited 383 00:35:32,640 --> 00:35:36,079 He was trying to find a solution. hops was doing something similar. a natural 384 00:35:36,079 --> 00:35:39,839 as a lawyer. He said this violence In order to end the environment, here is 385 00:35:39,839 --> 00:35:44,760 We can end the civil war in England Let there be a Levatan for all of us 386 00:35:44,760 --> 00:35:49,880 Let's lay down our weapons and submit to your authority Let's bow down so that peace can come 387 00:35:49,880 --> 00:35:57,440 thought This is exactly the union of egoists. this is the type that has been revealed 388 00:35:57,440 --> 00:36:03,440 against limitations, that is, it belongs to you forcefully or voluntarily on another 389 00:36:03,440 --> 00:36:08,400 against the transfer of immoral they are moving. Therefore my 390 00:36:08,400 --> 00:36:14,839 they keep saying. Well, therefore we can say this. Well 391 00:36:14,839 --> 00:36:19,240 We've said it before. the individual as a whole We said it cannot be understood. Here it is like this 392 00:36:19,240 --> 00:36:25,440 we can say. individual, not society it is real. So society is actually a 393 00:36:25,440 --> 00:36:29,839 by power relations It is something that has been established. And the individual 394 00:36:29,839 --> 00:36:34,680 it has no reality. In this, the individual to preserve the reality 395 00:36:34,680 --> 00:36:41,920 Union of egoists, immoral people make this demand They will be found. Now a little note 396 00:36:41,920 --> 00:36:46,520 Well, I said it at the beginning. We will count as individualist anarchist ee 397 00:36:46,520 --> 00:36:50,079 but ultimately anarchism is different There are types. 398 00:36:50,079 --> 00:36:55,520 well, if we don't say individualist anarchist also as an egoist anarchist 399 00:36:55,520 --> 00:37:00,200 we can name it. Well, because here we only focus on social order. 400 00:37:00,200 --> 00:37:06,480 There is no opposition. same At the same time, all social levels 401 00:37:06,480 --> 00:37:11,520 There is a contradiction. So a little To put it more clearly, for example 402 00:37:11,520 --> 00:37:17,720 ideas of social equality, socialism and communism, think about the 19th century 403 00:37:17,720 --> 00:37:23,880 Well, these were written in the second quarter. Therefore, the figures before us are 404 00:37:23,880 --> 00:37:29,800 Who could it be? here is a 1789 There may be effects of the French revolution. 405 00:37:29,800 --> 00:37:35,440 So here's from Tab, Leis Blanc, Saint From Simo, that is, one of these types of names. 406 00:37:35,440 --> 00:37:41,079 It may have an effect on the mind. something like that maybe. And of course, the Young Hegelians 407 00:37:41,079 --> 00:37:46,720 socialist ideas inside Maybe, but we call it communism. 408 00:37:46,720 --> 00:37:53,680 We can expand. Because, well, all against ideas of social equality 409 00:37:53,680 --> 00:37:58,240 in attitude. Because it's like this The reason for thinking is Christianity 410 00:37:58,240 --> 00:38:03,680 his idealism, that is, his moralism, Christian moralism, justice, 411 00:38:03,680 --> 00:38:09,520 the idea of egalitarianism in this social Also into socialism and communism 412 00:38:09,520 --> 00:38:13,640 got involved and polluted him he thinks. Because this is against the individual 413 00:38:13,640 --> 00:38:19,280 What do you mean by pollution? Because against the individual well socialism and communism are blind 414 00:38:19,280 --> 00:38:26,520 thinks about getting rid of property It is difficult to see it as socialization 415 00:38:26,520 --> 00:38:31,640 thinks as. So of course this is criticisms by Marx 416 00:38:31,640 --> 00:38:36,760 will be answered. Because here is actually a We see that he is in aggregation. 417 00:38:36,760 --> 00:38:43,119 These ideas are for those of you who are reading. If there is, well, Christian idealism, 418 00:38:43,119 --> 00:38:50,240 well, well, against capitalist liberalism attitude, er, opposition to socialism 419 00:38:50,240 --> 00:38:57,319 and, erm, here's another way, erm, What happened with the emergence of the idea of Uber? 420 00:38:57,319 --> 00:39:03,800 To express, well, how similar it is, Well, it should. Or, uh, just as a side note. 421 00:39:03,800 --> 00:39:07,200 let's fall. Well, 422 00:39:07,200 --> 00:39:12,960 Stetin is, uh, going on with his thing, approach. seeking social equality 423 00:39:12,960 --> 00:39:18,680 in revolutions, including revolutions, in reality revolutions socially authority 424 00:39:18,680 --> 00:39:24,119 changing their relationships and new They establish authority relationships. now this 425 00:39:24,119 --> 00:39:31,319 Well, in the book, Unique and in its possession, well, There is a distinction between revolution and rebellion. Well, this 426 00:39:31,319 --> 00:39:36,680 Marx was particularly interested in It turns into a debate. Well, the claim is this 427 00:39:36,680 --> 00:39:41,640 This claim is very familiar to all of you. will come. Well, these are very common nowadays. 428 00:39:41,640 --> 00:39:47,640 Highly recommended. Of course Stenner Well, it may not be done with reference. 429 00:39:47,640 --> 00:39:53,000 Revolutions were also Kant's view you know. Well, the Frenchman was saying 430 00:39:53,000 --> 00:39:57,280 referring to the revolution or in general referring to revolutions as 431 00:39:57,280 --> 00:40:00,720 Revolutions lead to a change of power opens. 432 00:40:00,720 --> 00:40:07,319 Well, but societies do not change with revolutions. he said. Well, because the next day 433 00:40:07,319 --> 00:40:13,839 There will be no change from day to day. This process takes. he/she So make reforms for the better 434 00:40:13,839 --> 00:40:18,800 Kant said it was necessary. So one He appeared as a reformist. 435 00:40:18,800 --> 00:40:25,760 Well, Stenner thinks the same way, 1848 Revolutions are happening. 1847 48 46 ee 436 00:40:25,760 --> 00:40:30,920 There are strikes, there are riots. All this ironically now 437 00:40:30,920 --> 00:40:34,800 I don't know which author said it, but One of Soul Nman's compilations 438 00:40:34,800 --> 00:40:41,920 He was watching each of them from his window. Well he says. So, therefore, revolutions 439 00:40:41,920 --> 00:40:47,119 What lies behind his indifference? something theoretical. Because an authority is a 440 00:40:47,119 --> 00:40:52,160 the collapse of the regime form and its replacement with another revealing the regime form, 441 00:40:52,160 --> 00:40:56,079 Regime already means form, I'm sorry. I say regime form but it is a different 442 00:40:56,079 --> 00:41:03,920 the emergence of the regime That's why he will go towards the one and only 443 00:41:03,920 --> 00:41:09,960 It does not represent a development in that direction. original If the problem is the liberation of the individual 444 00:41:09,960 --> 00:41:15,119 Revolutions are not sufficient elements. The basic thing is rebellion. So there must be one 445 00:41:15,119 --> 00:41:22,000 Well, again, if there is anything, revolutions because it has a political connotation in his mind 446 00:41:22,000 --> 00:41:26,720 while waking up Well, what we call rebellion is a social act. 447 00:41:26,720 --> 00:41:32,240 It evokes response and the individual It signals his release from his bonds. 448 00:41:32,240 --> 00:41:38,280 If I were to sum it up now, well, So maybe what's on his mind? 449 00:41:38,280 --> 00:41:43,359 Just to clarify a little bit Let's create something binary. in a moment 450 00:41:43,359 --> 00:41:48,079 whether state, state column, other Let there be a league of egoists on your side. So 451 00:41:48,079 --> 00:41:53,160 union of egoists It was Stetin's request. what is the state 452 00:41:53,160 --> 00:41:57,160 creates? It establishes a system. system The idea is the state. So Plato 453 00:41:57,160 --> 00:42:01,400 is statist. In fact, philosophy is also from the beginning is low-statist. So Schiner is like this 454 00:42:01,400 --> 00:42:06,079 He doesn't say it, but Stiner's whole philosophy is This is how we explain our history to people 455 00:42:06,079 --> 00:42:13,000 All philosophy, like his teacher Hegel, It passes the date and says the system is setting up. 456 00:42:13,000 --> 00:42:16,640 state So, after all, in Hegel As you know, the state also does its job. 457 00:42:16,640 --> 00:42:21,400 concludes. What is systems thinking No matter whether it is a philosophical system or 458 00:42:21,400 --> 00:42:27,280 scientific system establishing an authority is the effort. Says the league of egoists 459 00:42:27,280 --> 00:42:33,319 It is against something systematic. To the system is against. It is an anti idea. Here it is 460 00:42:33,319 --> 00:42:41,359 Nietzsche, Marx, Kerkegar, right? he/she Well Fuko, Derida means hearing these 461 00:42:41,359 --> 00:42:45,720 It is also possible to hear. systematic It is not. A union of egoists 462 00:42:45,720 --> 00:42:50,280 It is a unity of interest. Now what about this? will we understand? It's so ironic 463 00:42:50,280 --> 00:42:54,599 There is an example. M voice criticized himself. He also gives an answer. says 464 00:42:54,599 --> 00:42:59,880 which for example Well, what he said is, well, these are interests. 465 00:42:59,880 --> 00:43:03,640 He asks what we can understand from unity. two We understand what we understand from love. 466 00:43:03,640 --> 00:43:07,800 he says. Here are two lovers They love it and do it intuitively. 467 00:43:07,800 --> 00:43:12,079 They hear each other. Here they hug, does something. both being themselves 468 00:43:12,079 --> 00:43:18,680 is in trouble. He is worried about keeping his love alive and they get together. establishing unity 469 00:43:18,680 --> 00:43:23,040 Actually, these are the things that should be These are not. So that love 470 00:43:23,040 --> 00:43:26,960 It is a spontaneous state. Therefore The unity of interests will be established in this way 471 00:43:26,960 --> 00:43:30,599 something that happens. So just sit there and We have interests. Well, here's the thing. 472 00:43:30,599 --> 00:43:35,000 The interests of an LCA organization From the Union, the interests of a cooperative 473 00:43:35,000 --> 00:43:39,720 We are not talking about unity here. of the union We are not talking about unity of interests. 474 00:43:39,720 --> 00:43:45,880 Here two lovers are primitive in quotes level example, but what he said to Monses 475 00:43:45,880 --> 00:43:50,960 It came to my mind because something happened I said. Therefore, against the state 476 00:43:50,960 --> 00:43:56,599 union of egoists against the system antisystemic thought. 477 00:43:56,599 --> 00:44:03,720 Well, the state actually expresses what should be It does. In other words, morality, ethics and law 478 00:44:03,720 --> 00:44:08,599 who should be represented. already this Philosophy is already dealing with these. to be 479 00:44:08,599 --> 00:44:13,160 It's already something that deals with what is necessary. What was the reason for the death of tragedy? 480 00:44:13,160 --> 00:44:18,119 The reason for the birth of philosophy emergence of what is necessary. site state 481 00:44:18,119 --> 00:44:22,680 appeared. There is no room left for tragedy. Because what should be there is not there. 482 00:44:22,680 --> 00:44:26,920 There is also a philosophy for what should be It has to happen. That's something else. 483 00:44:26,920 --> 00:44:32,160 So he says, well, from here realization of philosophy 484 00:44:32,160 --> 00:44:36,520 I also want you to remember the thought. So, in general, young Hegelians 485 00:44:36,520 --> 00:44:41,000 paradigm. How is philosophy Will it happen? Philosophy can only function 486 00:44:41,000 --> 00:44:46,160 It will happen when it is completed. Therefore, the state should be 487 00:44:46,160 --> 00:44:51,640 from being the production center of paradigms when it is removed that is what happens 488 00:44:51,640 --> 00:44:57,040 What does it mean to be? something very interesting this. To be what is. So this is the one 489 00:44:57,040 --> 00:45:02,440 accept as. Well, understand this a little bit. hard. Because we all do what we should 490 00:45:02,440 --> 00:45:07,920 We understand. He's too busy degrading what's happening. We went through a training that was for years. 491 00:45:07,920 --> 00:45:11,760 Therefore, it is difficult to understand what is happening We are shooting. It's always hard to understand what's going on 492 00:45:11,760 --> 00:45:18,960 something that is powerful. Well, League of Egoists accepts things as they are. 493 00:45:18,960 --> 00:45:22,880 Well, he will say. In other words, against the state The union of egoists put it. of the system 494 00:45:22,880 --> 00:45:29,200 The one who needs to have an antisystem against He put what was in front of him. Another thing is axle 495 00:45:29,200 --> 00:45:35,480 So again, the state is actually one of the obligations or what are there other than obligations? 496 00:45:35,480 --> 00:45:41,000 And as a determinant of trends stands before us. The system works like this 497 00:45:41,000 --> 00:45:45,960 Something. Egoists' unity is voluntary and advocates instrumental association. So 498 00:45:45,960 --> 00:45:51,839 voluntary and instrumental. So as much as you need what was it? This will happen, this will happen. 499 00:45:51,839 --> 00:45:56,680 Unity in accordance with those needs will occur. Always preserving that unity 500 00:45:56,680 --> 00:46:02,119 It is not necessary. Seeking institutionalization not. The voluntary and instrumental one. now 501 00:46:02,119 --> 00:46:08,559 Let's express another extreme dichotomy. eh, the state is representative, that is, symbolic 502 00:46:08,559 --> 00:46:13,240 something that is at the center of the order, right? representation, symbolic order 503 00:46:13,240 --> 00:46:19,079 Something at the center of it. egoists unity is no. Representation disappears 504 00:46:19,079 --> 00:46:24,200 lifting. Direct participation. So what So there is representative democracy 505 00:46:24,200 --> 00:46:27,760 parliamentarism etc. or something like that a place where someone hands over their power 506 00:46:27,760 --> 00:46:33,520 There are things. Nor do I know any There is an authority. What is this? here is religion 507 00:46:33,520 --> 00:46:39,559 man or the philosophy teacher or that someone in the field. No. direct 508 00:46:39,559 --> 00:46:45,240 directly to those needs and interests a required participation 509 00:46:45,240 --> 00:46:53,079 Well, he's talking about unity. Eee Stenin eee now another contrast 510 00:46:53,079 --> 00:46:56,960 The idea of the state is consensus and majority It's something based on. You know what we say? 511 00:46:56,960 --> 00:47:01,599 We are negotiating, I don't know what, consensuses will take place, agreements, 512 00:47:01,599 --> 00:47:06,280 social contracts, I don't know what else etc. Always a consensus and majority 513 00:47:06,280 --> 00:47:11,760 There is a quest. That consensus is for the majority If it is based, legitimacy is established. Well, 514 00:47:11,760 --> 00:47:17,240 legitimacy if not based on majority crisis emerges. Well, or 515 00:47:17,240 --> 00:47:20,839 is based on principles. those principles When it doesn't work, a legitimacy crisis arises. 516 00:47:20,839 --> 00:47:25,160 comes out. Therefore, those principles are also assumed to have arisen by consensus 517 00:47:25,160 --> 00:47:28,720 things. tacitly accepted as such things that happen. 518 00:47:28,720 --> 00:47:35,000 The League of Egoists says no No, neither against nor the majority. 519 00:47:35,000 --> 00:47:41,359 consensus reciprocity and attitude that is current attitudes regarding those needs 520 00:47:41,359 --> 00:47:47,880 If you noticed attitudes, your unique and The story of its ownership is a little in the mind 521 00:47:47,880 --> 00:47:54,400 So it starts to become clear in our minds. Because, well, we are talking about system thinking here. 522 00:47:54,400 --> 00:48:00,520 not only with the state but with the state whatever constitutes the symbolic order 523 00:48:00,520 --> 00:48:06,800 On the contrary, with the individual being himself relevant things are highlighted 524 00:48:06,800 --> 00:48:13,559 stated that it was put in complete opposition We will. Now from Stinner 525 00:48:13,559 --> 00:48:17,640 I want to quote. very interesting a word. Well, this is the first entry. 526 00:48:17,640 --> 00:48:22,559 There is also a play on words similar to the one I read. But well, you should pay attention to this 527 00:48:22,559 --> 00:48:26,680 I recommend. Because this is very important. a lot something you will hear. It makes you feel happy while reading. 528 00:48:26,680 --> 00:48:31,240 It is a unique word. You know, until now? until you always know what the unique is, that's it 529 00:48:31,240 --> 00:48:36,000 How do you function with society? We were talking. It is a unique word and 530 00:48:36,000 --> 00:48:41,160 something that can be thought of under a word should be something. 531 00:48:41,160 --> 00:48:46,559 What is the word because like? symbolic is something. So it is a concept. of concept 532 00:48:46,559 --> 00:48:50,559 So below is something we can think about. things must happen. The concept must have content. 533 00:48:50,559 --> 00:48:57,119 So a word must contain thought. However, it is only a thoughtless word. 534 00:48:57,119 --> 00:49:04,040 It does not contain thought. Just now It makes what I'm saying a little clearer. 535 00:49:04,040 --> 00:49:10,920 Schenner is actually saying something. So uniqueness in its unique form 536 00:49:10,920 --> 00:49:14,960 So it's like a unique singularity. you may think. Because in English 537 00:49:14,960 --> 00:49:20,079 They already translated it that way. the unique individual. Unique singular. So 538 00:49:20,079 --> 00:49:24,640 We are talking about such a singularity. of this We are talking about ownership. thought 539 00:49:24,640 --> 00:49:29,880 because so far how transferred? On a normative level, symbolic 540 00:49:29,880 --> 00:49:34,720 It was transferred at the level of language. Whereas which when conveyed in this way 541 00:49:34,720 --> 00:49:39,720 what's happening? A consensus emerges. The communication language of a majority emerges 542 00:49:39,720 --> 00:49:44,599 It's coming out. And this is actually language through some idols, 543 00:49:44,599 --> 00:49:50,599 It allows ideologies to be passed on to us. These are the things that deform uniqueness. 544 00:49:50,599 --> 00:49:54,880 So let's take a closer look. What if How does this man really understand people? 545 00:49:54,880 --> 00:49:59,799 So this is how Schiner approaches is it working? Actually a very interesting 546 00:49:59,799 --> 00:50:05,839 An example of this is Emil, Emil You can see it in Russo's book. Well, 547 00:50:05,839 --> 00:50:12,640 You can see an example in Kant. Well, in his work On Education. 548 00:50:12,640 --> 00:50:16,920 Well, now for another example Let's see it in Schinner. Schiner says 549 00:50:16,920 --> 00:50:23,280 which, well, human development is actually not very It's not complicated. anthropologically 550 00:50:23,280 --> 00:50:28,079 It's understandable. Meanwhile the science of anthropology in the 19th century 551 00:50:28,079 --> 00:50:33,520 Emergence as an independent science Well, the second quarter of the 19th century is very 552 00:50:33,520 --> 00:50:39,920 an early period. So, 3rd or so An incident that emerged in the 4th quarter 553 00:50:39,920 --> 00:50:45,480 A person who started to be on the path of science We are talking about the science of anthropology. 554 00:50:45,480 --> 00:50:51,799 One of the pioneers of an anarchist anthropology We can also count Stiner as. 555 00:50:51,799 --> 00:50:58,400 Steler says: a baby or Let's say the child is born, that is, naturally. 556 00:50:58,400 --> 00:51:05,440 So what is it in this case? concrete needs he chases after. 557 00:51:05,440 --> 00:51:11,440 In a way, it is irrelevant to the world. He is indifferent to the world. Well 558 00:51:11,440 --> 00:51:16,760 He only pursues his own interests. concrete as well as yourself with yourself 559 00:51:16,760 --> 00:51:20,920 is interested. Therefore yourself tries to notice. to find yourself 560 00:51:20,920 --> 00:51:26,960 it works. Meanwhile, their parents, mother Whatever his father is, his family is his close circle. 561 00:51:26,960 --> 00:51:33,160 from the sea of accumulated knowledge They offer treasures. So what do they do? 562 00:51:33,160 --> 00:51:37,599 They teach the language. how to behave how to appear in public, er, 563 00:51:37,599 --> 00:51:44,920 Well, what to see, where? sitting, determining it constantly 564 00:51:44,920 --> 00:51:49,119 they work. The child also rebels against this improves. 565 00:51:49,119 --> 00:51:53,520 Well, thus a conflict arises. comes out. Well, his teacher says this 566 00:51:53,520 --> 00:51:57,680 From Hegel, well, a bit Hegelian traces of dialectics are also here 567 00:51:57,680 --> 00:52:02,720 Maybe we can last. Especially Unique and talking about the first part of the property 568 00:52:02,720 --> 00:52:09,319 we can. From this thing, from this scar, he says eh Well, this is like a stage of consciousness. 569 00:52:09,319 --> 00:52:14,520 We can think of it as. What is a child yet? He doesn't know what happened, what happened, but 570 00:52:14,520 --> 00:52:18,799 is in conflict. into conflict where he enters, that is, his parents or him 571 00:52:18,799 --> 00:52:23,640 here is the sea of accumulated knowledge or against the culture itself 572 00:52:23,640 --> 00:52:31,760 Well, a resistance begins to form. Then when this child reaches adolescence or 573 00:52:31,760 --> 00:52:39,559 when you are young, when you are young Now, some abstractions 574 00:52:39,559 --> 00:52:44,400 makes abstractions and idealizations. Makes abstractions and idealizations. 575 00:52:44,400 --> 00:52:50,240 So there's a kind of universalist and essentialist view of the world. gets acquainted with them. Therefore with the world 576 00:52:50,240 --> 00:52:55,520 The relationship he established has now become ideal It is a relationship. So when I was a baby I was a realist 577 00:52:55,520 --> 00:53:00,880 There is a relationship. It has a concrete relationship. Well, when you get to youth 578 00:53:00,880 --> 00:53:05,400 makes abstractions, idealizations does. That's why it's an idealistic relationship 579 00:53:05,400 --> 00:53:12,040 emerges. Well, Steer calls this self-awareness. It says phase. So in the first stage 580 00:53:12,040 --> 00:53:16,760 The situation is the first step to self-awareness. phase. But the self-awareness stage is now 581 00:53:16,760 --> 00:53:23,319 phase of self-detachment. Own outside. Because that's why, that's why 582 00:53:23,319 --> 00:53:28,000 Idealizations happen to us in our youth What a trouble, revolutionary typologies 583 00:53:28,000 --> 00:53:33,680 Well, etc. will occur. the world they want to change. Because themselves 584 00:53:33,680 --> 00:53:39,440 some generality they can dedicate with renunciation and admiration to their level 585 00:53:39,440 --> 00:53:44,119 They can connect. Stinner sees this as idealism, 586 00:53:44,119 --> 00:53:49,280 sees it as idealization and Therefore, what we call hierarchy 587 00:53:49,280 --> 00:53:54,799 or adherence to generalities or whole or And everyone thinks this is the strongest 588 00:53:54,799 --> 00:54:00,480 It's something that happens when you're young. self-awareness As we said, it's actually a little bit... 589 00:54:00,480 --> 00:54:04,960 That's why we call it Hegelian dialectics. When we read the human section, we come across 590 00:54:04,960 --> 00:54:09,720 Unique and owned human part At this stage, when we read 591 00:54:09,720 --> 00:54:15,440 stoicism, epicureanism and eh With a section called skepticism 592 00:54:15,440 --> 00:54:20,640 We encounter that this is actually Hegel's essence. The same story he tells in consciousness 593 00:54:20,640 --> 00:54:26,000 It can be said. So Marx's claim is the same but those who wrote about Stetin 594 00:54:26,000 --> 00:54:30,880 too much on this subject They are not focused. 595 00:54:30,880 --> 00:54:35,760 Well, then he says: development. So people are from youth 596 00:54:35,760 --> 00:54:41,480 When you move towards maturity realizes himself better. So what 597 00:54:41,480 --> 00:54:45,559 what you want to do, what you want to be, It's clearer what limits it 598 00:54:45,559 --> 00:54:51,000 begins to do, begins to see, and He turns into a person who wants to be like him. 599 00:54:51,000 --> 00:54:55,440 To a person who wants to be as he is transforms. Therefore, the second thing to realize is 600 00:54:55,440 --> 00:55:00,319 phase takes place. So realism There was a phase, there was a phase of idealism. 601 00:55:00,319 --> 00:55:05,160 Now, as a mature individual, the self experience on his own 602 00:55:05,160 --> 00:55:11,119 evolving towards a phase of uniqueness Schiner describes it as follows: One 603 00:55:11,119 --> 00:55:16,119 Let's think like this. Well, concept There is a lot of turmoil 604 00:55:16,119 --> 00:55:20,559 This thing is thought of. Because first part is human, second part is me and 605 00:55:20,559 --> 00:55:25,319 Finally, we were encountering the one and only. Actually, it's not a Stiner but an ordinary one. 606 00:55:25,319 --> 00:55:30,880 When we read the philosopher, that is, Foerbağı When we read, species existence and individual 607 00:55:30,880 --> 00:55:37,000 We were going to talk about existence. Well, but there is something else here. 608 00:55:37,000 --> 00:55:41,640 Well, this is again a Hegelian effect. At the most general level, human 609 00:55:41,640 --> 00:55:46,440 we are talking about. human mhtinner human When he says, it is at the most general level 610 00:55:46,440 --> 00:55:50,720 He's talking about existence. So historical, He is talking about species existence. of history 611 00:55:50,720 --> 00:55:56,559 It emerges with a thousand and one stories inside He's talking about the person who came out. 612 00:55:56,559 --> 00:56:02,200 This person has a more constricted form Let's think of it as what it is, a funnel. 613 00:56:02,200 --> 00:56:12,119 There are people in the widest part. More I have a narrow stage. This is me eh 614 00:56:12,119 --> 00:56:18,599 Actually, it is not related to humans. So it is not related to the individual human 615 00:56:18,599 --> 00:56:23,200 but also with the individual man is related. What do I mean? nothingness 616 00:56:23,200 --> 00:56:28,039 I'm trying to talk about something like this. When I actually encounter nothingness 617 00:56:28,039 --> 00:56:35,079 will meet me when we discover me and now I want to create itself. So it is 618 00:56:35,079 --> 00:56:40,400 When faced with nothingness, "Who am I? When you ask the question, you are no longer a human 619 00:56:40,400 --> 00:56:46,720 realizes his own personal singularity and has to create this singularity 620 00:56:46,720 --> 00:56:51,039 because he thinks that he is reveal yourself creatively 621 00:56:51,039 --> 00:56:56,480 starts to take off. So here I am He's not human in general, so what kind of person is he? 622 00:56:56,480 --> 00:57:02,599 human? A singular person appears before us comes out. So, is he the only human? I 623 00:57:02,599 --> 00:57:08,880 Is it? Well, of course, the only one is both human and is me, but it is much more abstract than these. 624 00:57:08,880 --> 00:57:12,799 we are talking about something or more We are talking about something that has been distilled. 625 00:57:12,799 --> 00:57:17,039 In other words, from the singularity that is indeterminable we are talking about. in no way 626 00:57:17,039 --> 00:57:22,920 an indeterminable determination eeeeee We are talking about existence. Even this one 627 00:57:22,920 --> 00:57:29,200 to the unique, a non-human human we can say or non-human, human 628 00:57:29,200 --> 00:57:35,200 We can also say that it is. Now do it yourself is a unique word and a word's 629 00:57:35,200 --> 00:57:38,400 something to think about should be. 630 00:57:38,400 --> 00:57:43,359 A word must contain thought. Whereas It's just a thoughtless word. 631 00:57:43,359 --> 00:57:48,240 Where he said it does not contain thought, now We can think together. So one 632 00:57:48,240 --> 00:57:52,799 thought because it is indeterminate does not contain. Cannot be determined. 633 00:57:52,799 --> 00:57:58,000 Identifiable, interceptable there is no point. Because it's a unique singularity 634 00:57:58,000 --> 00:58:04,480 It is located inside. Well then this We can also open it like this. some more things 635 00:58:04,480 --> 00:58:12,000 let's do it. Well, Stiner says: "Likewise I fight my own case just like God. 636 00:58:12,000 --> 00:58:18,480 I'm building it on myself. Because I am other I am nothing to everyone. Because I am myself 637 00:58:18,480 --> 00:58:23,240 I'm everything for you. Because I'm for myself "I'm unique." 638 00:58:23,240 --> 00:58:28,480 What a nice tone of voice, isn't it? It is as Zarathustra said. E. 639 00:58:28,480 --> 00:58:34,799 He already knows that God is dead says. Well e Stin god is dead 640 00:58:34,799 --> 00:58:41,839 He says it is. God's work He says it doesn't work. Well just like god 641 00:58:41,839 --> 00:58:47,520 Moreover, according to Stetin, it is very harsh. Likewise, most atheists are religious 642 00:58:47,520 --> 00:58:54,760 He says they are thinking. which he means here eeeee Bruno Bauer, like Foerbah 643 00:58:54,760 --> 00:59:00,000 names. Even small in a small nympot He also mentions Marx. So Marx's 644 00:59:00,000 --> 00:59:06,400 Well, that's enough, it's intellectual. It is not known as. Its also Foer 645 00:59:06,400 --> 00:59:11,960 He says it is a garden. strong enough He says he is not an atheist. God 646 00:59:11,960 --> 00:59:15,319 something that exists for its own benefit. God is also an indeterminate thing, not 647 00:59:15,319 --> 00:59:19,680 ? We are trying to determine. So God It's always something we can't get hold of. him 648 00:59:19,680 --> 00:59:25,359 yes theologies, yes for human beings Trying to make it identifiable. 649 00:59:25,359 --> 00:59:28,799 The only one here says this way: I am a person who exists for my own benefit. 650 00:59:28,799 --> 00:59:34,760 It's me. How is God for his own benefit? If there is, I am also in it for my own benefit. 651 00:59:34,760 --> 00:59:41,640 That's why the one and only calls out like this. The world is my property. So 652 00:59:41,640 --> 00:59:46,400 We said it was immoral, it's the only thing union of egoists. Because you own the world 653 00:59:46,400 --> 00:59:51,240 He sees it as his property. nobody own anything in the world 654 00:59:51,240 --> 00:59:56,960 He doesn't think he can get it. this To put it in Islamic terms: 655 00:59:56,960 --> 01:00:02,599 Everything belongs to Allah, right? It is There was a saying. Welfare in the 90's 656 01:00:02,599 --> 01:00:06,400 When his party first came out, cars written on the back. The property belongs to Allah. 657 01:00:06,400 --> 01:00:11,079 Sorry, just to criticize Kemalism. They wrote that the property belongs to Allah. 658 01:00:11,079 --> 01:00:16,160 Here it also says that the property is mine. Property is your only one. 659 01:00:16,160 --> 01:00:22,000 So now let's sum it up We are faced with something like this. 660 01:00:22,000 --> 01:00:27,680 Well, every individual, every unique one is unique. 661 01:00:27,680 --> 01:00:31,280 Well That's why he says I own my own work, 662 01:00:31,280 --> 01:00:35,839 attention to its uniqueness and ownership. I did not attribute what he suffered to anyone. 663 01:00:35,839 --> 01:00:40,319 This one thinks this way, this one thinks that way. That's why I thought so too 664 01:00:40,319 --> 01:00:47,160 He says I didn't say anything. My work is none any reference in the way 665 01:00:47,160 --> 01:00:51,520 It is not leaning on any foundation. Because I am uniquely unique 666 01:00:51,520 --> 01:00:57,240 I wrote something. He says we are both enemies. The state and me. The state and I are all conditions. 667 01:00:57,240 --> 01:01:02,640 The state is of course the symbolic order. symbolic The only one wherever there is order 668 01:01:02,640 --> 01:01:07,400 He says he is an enemy. We are enemies of this. a party that can never be forgiven 669 01:01:07,400 --> 01:01:15,200 no. Says, uh, a uh, or is a unique individual. But this individual is like this 670 01:01:15,200 --> 01:01:21,720 is an individual. My body, my body theirs It's not, it's mine. my mind is theirs 671 01:01:21,720 --> 01:01:26,920 not, as I am. Now this is of course which is something that will create controversy. 672 01:01:26,920 --> 01:01:34,920 Well, let's expand on this subject of egoism a little bit. Well, let's try. now eh 673 01:01:34,920 --> 01:01:39,039 What kind of person is your one and only? 3 down, 5 up? think it corresponds to something but this 674 01:01:39,039 --> 01:01:43,160 It is necessary to understand egoism. egoism actually 675 01:01:43,160 --> 01:01:48,599 It's like this, your opposition is like this With contrast, we can be understood 676 01:01:48,599 --> 01:01:57,480 maybe he can come. eh egoism natural, inherent, that is, that individual's inherent, natural 677 01:01:57,480 --> 01:02:03,559 something that expresses power and desire. So well, and as you can see here, psychological 678 01:02:03,559 --> 01:02:09,720 beyond being something exactly eh undetermined because it is also natural 679 01:02:09,720 --> 01:02:14,079 It's not something determined. inherent It means something potential. So what 680 01:02:14,079 --> 01:02:20,240 We don't know it is. Power is still potential appears as . Desire is never satisfied 681 01:02:20,240 --> 01:02:24,319 something that cannot be done. Hence this a movement driven by potential 682 01:02:24,319 --> 01:02:29,520 We are talking about egoists. on the opposite side that is, the state, that is, the enemy 683 01:02:29,520 --> 01:02:33,559 location or symbolic order where it is found, the concept of right, law 684 01:02:33,559 --> 01:02:39,039 concept, construction concept, invention concept, There is the concept of love and externality. 685 01:02:39,039 --> 01:02:45,039 So it's in contradiction. Therefore egoism is actually when values ​​collapse. 686 01:02:45,039 --> 01:02:49,839 What values? Right, law, building concepts we have established, inventions 687 01:02:49,839 --> 01:02:54,720 the concepts we have established about doing institutions, transcendence or externality 688 01:02:54,720 --> 01:02:59,680 that we have established in relation to What we call external is a force of the state. 689 01:02:59,680 --> 01:03:04,000 as an external force as a device It's like appearing before us. Or your religion 690 01:03:04,000 --> 01:03:08,240 as an external force against or These are the morals or ideologies 691 01:03:08,240 --> 01:03:13,720 When it collapses, a gap will be noticed, he says. eh 692 01:03:13,720 --> 01:03:21,920 There is nothingness in this void. Egoism is in this nothingness 693 01:03:21,920 --> 01:03:28,039 It means having the desire to be oneself. So yes which actually emerges when these institutions collapse. 694 01:03:28,039 --> 01:03:33,839 What comes out is about being yourself eh by capturing the experience of self 695 01:03:33,839 --> 01:03:40,720 the effort involved as the desire itself egoism expresses to us. That's why 696 01:03:40,720 --> 01:03:44,799 actually The ideal of freedom accepted by Stetin 697 01:03:44,799 --> 01:03:49,039 It is not an attainable ideal. Because All the ideals of freedom turn into communism 698 01:03:49,039 --> 01:03:53,960 and his criticism of socialism removes boundaries, creates new 699 01:03:53,960 --> 01:03:59,720 sets limits. Positive or negative conceptions of freedom are the most concrete 700 01:03:59,720 --> 01:04:06,240 are examples. Get rid of the egoist instead He says get rid of it. So what is it? from all structures 701 01:04:06,240 --> 01:04:10,640 Well, a slogan about getting rid of developed or exclamation 702 01:04:10,640 --> 01:04:15,520 has developed. Because get away get away What he says is not to set limits. 703 01:04:15,520 --> 01:04:20,760 The ideal of freedom eventually Well, he will set limits. another one 704 01:04:20,760 --> 01:04:25,599 He says it this way: very artistic Is it an expression? Beautiful. from evil, 705 01:04:25,599 --> 01:04:30,160 from evil or evil of salvation 706 01:04:30,160 --> 01:04:35,640 I'm sorry, you will be saved from evil, but evil remains. So therefore 707 01:04:35,640 --> 01:04:40,400 We really need to get rid of evil. How can he be free from evil? 708 01:04:40,400 --> 01:04:45,240 If it is concrete, you will get rid of it. But evil remains an abstraction 709 01:04:45,240 --> 01:04:49,640 As long as it's actually evil lost the goal we need to get rid of 710 01:04:49,640 --> 01:04:55,200 we are becoming. Therefore a libertarian from someone who is skeptical of the ideal 711 01:04:55,200 --> 01:05:00,240 we are talking about. Well and 712 01:05:00,240 --> 01:05:07,400 Now let's move on to Marx a little bit because Well, something will happen. Well, it's unfair to Marx. 713 01:05:07,400 --> 01:05:15,520 we will have done it. Now, well, I guess it's okay. 714 01:05:16,079 --> 01:05:21,960 South teacher's South In the thing compiled by China teacher 715 01:05:21,960 --> 01:05:26,400 Marketiner'er is a radical thinker Liva from the lost legacy Lverna publications 716 01:05:26,400 --> 01:05:32,200 Banu Bargu in the book published by If I'm not mistaken, he's a teacher at Berkley. Well its 717 01:05:32,200 --> 01:05:36,359 It has something like this. Now this is what I said from his article in relation to the thing 718 01:05:36,359 --> 01:05:41,760 I want to transfer. Of course today rebel selves 719 01:05:41,760 --> 01:05:46,559 their own conditions of existence and in ways that best suit them 720 01:05:46,559 --> 01:05:51,359 part of them will try to separate from the order they are in. exit anyway 721 01:05:51,359 --> 01:05:56,680 question. The porcelain of Schitiner's thought the bond he created in his shop 722 01:05:56,680 --> 01:06:02,160 The most he left us among the ruins important political question becomes a political question 723 01:06:02,160 --> 01:06:07,359 continues. However, what needs to be asked is Stetin's devastating Odefil 724 01:06:07,359 --> 01:06:12,720 There is one more question left behind. Where to go and go? Here's Stetin 725 01:06:12,720 --> 01:06:17,880 The untamable denial of this question He persistently leaves it unanswered. So Stetin 726 01:06:17,880 --> 01:06:24,039 He says he doesn't give us an answer. This is his claim So. Okay, thank you, let's destroy it and burn it. 727 01:06:24,039 --> 01:06:29,920 We want to reach the one but this is So, where will it take us? 728 01:06:29,920 --> 01:06:36,359 Well, I'm saying it leaves a question mark. Now, of course, Marx is here. 729 01:06:36,359 --> 01:06:44,319 The reactions he can give are very good, yes. It is possible to understand. Because as a result 730 01:06:44,319 --> 01:06:48,039 eh or examples from German ideology 731 01:06:48,039 --> 01:06:53,880 I will present but Paul Thomas' Marx and What he wrote about Schiner is 732 01:06:53,880 --> 01:06:59,559 Stetin's history in his work destroys and mystifies. of all things 733 01:06:59,559 --> 01:07:04,680 First, individuals become conscious, the world becomes an object, is converted. Thus life and history 734 01:07:04,680 --> 01:07:09,200 a variety of different forms of consciousness is reduced to attitude. worse 735 01:07:09,200 --> 01:07:13,520 Stinner is an incompetent Hegel He is a copyist. What we can see 736 01:07:13,520 --> 01:07:18,000 What do you copy like the worst of scribes? one who writes without knowing what he is doing 737 01:07:18,000 --> 01:07:25,200 is one. Now this is so cruel expression but Marx erm Stiner St Max 738 01:07:25,200 --> 01:07:31,880 he will say. The reason why he says "Saint Max" there is. Because that's what he misified 739 01:07:31,880 --> 01:07:36,480 Well, you've misunderstood many things. will say and misread Hegel 740 01:07:36,480 --> 01:07:43,760 will accuse. Well of course, well once Stiner said very seriously to both Foyer and 741 01:07:43,760 --> 01:07:47,480 The opposite of both Ba and Hegel something that could happen. Because all 742 01:07:47,480 --> 01:07:52,039 One who says, "it is real, the truth is the whole" Hegel and Schiner are the same person 743 01:07:52,039 --> 01:07:56,680 It is not possible to say that it is. bad Marx got out of this by calling him a copyist. 744 01:07:56,680 --> 01:08:01,079 Can it be stripped easily? well this We need to question. German 745 01:08:01,079 --> 01:08:06,319 The longest section of his ideology is approximately A section of more than 300 pages 746 01:08:06,319 --> 01:08:13,240 eee eee is reserved for Stetin. Well In this section devoted to Stetiner, Marx... 747 01:08:13,240 --> 01:08:19,319 your book, well, Stetiler's book too It's already like 350 pages. to 350 pages 748 01:08:19,319 --> 01:08:24,359 corresponding to a 350 page page page page commented. Well, if Hegel's law 749 01:08:24,359 --> 01:08:29,000 criticism of philosophy If you have read or heard about the Jewish problem 750 01:08:29,000 --> 01:08:35,560 If you have read it, this is Marx's style anyway. Well, That is, he reads the works he read one paragraph at a time. 751 01:08:35,560 --> 01:08:40,359 write down paragraphs and then look at these paragraphs comments about. So a total 752 01:08:40,359 --> 01:08:44,839 not by creating criticism but by continue with piece reviews 753 01:08:44,839 --> 01:08:50,560 You can think like this: Well, German ideology notebooks 1932 754 01:08:50,560 --> 01:08:56,199 It was published in. to the first publication It was 1932 when it came out. So therefore 755 01:08:56,199 --> 01:09:01,759 eh Well, this work came much later. 756 01:09:01,759 --> 01:09:06,440 concretely in people's minds appeared. Well, after this study was published 757 01:09:06,440 --> 01:09:12,159 Then it made a huge impact. 1844 uh philosophy economics manuscripts or paris 758 01:09:12,159 --> 01:09:16,960 the exact date of the manuscripts I don't remember but it might have been 1927. Well 759 01:09:16,960 --> 01:09:21,199 the release of Grundrize, of course. Every one of these, every one of these 760 01:09:21,199 --> 01:09:26,239 Because it's a notebook, friends, well, Since it's a notebook, er, 20. 761 01:09:26,239 --> 01:09:32,839 those in the century Marx in the 19th century He is in a luckier position than his audience. 762 01:09:32,839 --> 01:09:38,359 they became. Especially in the second half of the 20th century half. Therefore, looking at these works 763 01:09:38,359 --> 01:09:46,359 ee various Marxist thinkers ee for example Altuser, for example Gramsi, Lukaş 764 01:09:46,359 --> 01:09:51,759 Creating different interpretations of names like They got their chance. We are German again 765 01:09:51,759 --> 01:09:56,320 rather than the story of its ideology. let's go back. Sttiner, so what? 766 01:09:56,320 --> 01:10:04,320 Could it have brought criticism? eh Let's go back to the question and Marx's ee ee 767 01:10:04,320 --> 01:10:09,840 Summary of his critique of German ideology to convey to you a considerable part 768 01:10:09,840 --> 01:10:17,840 I want. This is what the thought says... On the other hand, he calls out "well, Sancho". 769 01:10:17,840 --> 01:10:22,120 I mean, he says St. Max, but there's also Sancho. he calls out. Who is Sancho? Sancho 770 01:10:22,120 --> 01:10:27,800 He's talking about Panzo. Well it's different There are also different ways of calling. 771 01:10:27,800 --> 01:10:31,199 says: "Sanchof 772 01:10:31,199 --> 01:10:35,600 from the describable to the indescribable found the passage. 773 01:10:35,600 --> 01:10:40,640 More than just a word He found the word with less." accumulate 774 01:10:40,640 --> 01:10:46,239 It says about the word expression. From thought to reality 775 01:10:46,239 --> 01:10:51,760 Therefore, about the transition from language to life That whole problem is only in philosophical fiction. 776 01:10:51,760 --> 01:10:57,560 that it exists, that is, only only valid for philosophical consciousness 777 01:10:57,560 --> 01:11:03,679 We saw that it happened. that this consciousness the apparent separation in life 778 01:11:03,679 --> 01:11:07,719 his apparent separation from life clarity about its nature and source 779 01:11:07,719 --> 01:11:13,040 It is impossible to reach. of our philosophers their minds are haunted 780 01:11:13,040 --> 01:11:18,360 at the depth of this great problem since the moment Finally one of these knights errant 781 01:11:18,360 --> 01:11:24,560 instead of finding a word which constitutes the transition in question 782 01:11:24,560 --> 01:11:29,360 as a word rather than just a word defined based on the language 783 01:11:29,360 --> 01:11:34,800 a mystical translinguistic connection to the real object words that indicate the way 784 01:11:34,800 --> 01:11:40,239 just like in the Christian imagination savior god of man 785 01:11:40,239 --> 01:11:45,159 playing his role in the human world As he sets out to find the word 786 01:11:45,159 --> 01:11:48,960 Of course, it follows a course that will result in It was inevitable. 787 01:11:48,960 --> 01:11:53,840 The emptiest, most shallow among philosophers the head's own lack of thought 788 01:11:53,840 --> 01:11:58,679 that it has a philosophical end, and therefore is the triumphant entry into corporeal life 789 01:11:58,679 --> 01:12:04,080 ending philosophy by declaring It was necessary. His philosophical thought 790 01:12:04,080 --> 01:12:09,920 The lack of it is already a part of philosophy itself. It was the end. just like its inexpressible 791 01:12:09,920 --> 01:12:15,600 Just as your language is the end of all languages It was he who also ensured Sancho's victory. 792 01:12:15,600 --> 01:12:20,000 real relations between all philosophers Being the most ignorant in terms of 793 01:12:20,000 --> 01:12:24,159 hence the philosophical categories end of relationship with reality 794 01:12:24,159 --> 01:12:30,440 its remains and with it the last was to lose any remnants of meaning. 795 01:12:30,440 --> 01:12:38,080 Now Marx says here in a very cruel language: Well, Schiner is actually the One and Only. 796 01:12:38,080 --> 01:12:42,800 and the result it has achieved in its possession In other words, the uniqueness of the One and Only 797 01:12:42,800 --> 01:12:50,120 describing the indeterminacy of singularity His statement about the impossibility 798 01:12:50,120 --> 01:12:55,679 says that his teacher of the entire history of philosophy By pacing like Hegel, that is, T's 799 01:12:55,679 --> 01:12:59,520 in phenomenology or T. expressed in phenomenology 800 01:12:59,520 --> 01:13:05,719 By pacing with its shape, it reveals Really in the 1st part of the human section 801 01:13:05,719 --> 01:13:09,920 From the old society to the new society How transformations occur 802 01:13:09,920 --> 01:13:15,280 revealed. But the result he achieved is to philosophy as a result 803 01:13:15,280 --> 01:13:21,120 It has nothing to gain. So the most At least, this is Marx's claim. Because 804 01:13:21,120 --> 01:13:26,320 It did not present any concept to us. a eh He created a concept that was not a concept and 805 01:13:26,320 --> 01:13:33,080 So, actually, it's about philosophy. Well I declare the end of everything that can be said 806 01:13:33,080 --> 01:13:38,199 It has become natural to do so. Because philosophy It was something done with concepts. 807 01:13:38,199 --> 01:13:44,080 Therefore, the history of philosophy is the first a way of thinking free from concepts 808 01:13:44,080 --> 01:13:49,520 Stenner as the person who developed we can think. Well or Marx's 809 01:13:49,520 --> 01:13:53,639 This was the general conclusion he reached. Most I say at least from Stinner or 810 01:13:53,639 --> 01:13:59,480 where I stated at the beginning of the speech I also showed this. Well, it's different 811 01:13:59,480 --> 01:14:04,080 What did he criticize? Two things in particular I said you were critical. first one 812 01:14:04,080 --> 01:14:11,199 the facts of revolution and rebellion. If the second Well, this is the self that a person calls change. 813 01:14:11,199 --> 01:14:16,679 consciousness or self-consciousness Şimer doesn't use the expression, but he does. 814 01:14:16,679 --> 01:14:22,880 about what the experience of being is criticizes what he says. 815 01:14:22,880 --> 01:14:30,080 Well, again, from German ideology Well, I'm transferring it. It says: "Dear 816 01:14:30,080 --> 01:14:36,080 As Sancho said, it's a correlation established. Sancho, Saint Max, etc. 817 01:14:36,080 --> 01:14:40,440 People make up things like that. saint What a profound revolution Sancho made! 818 01:14:40,440 --> 01:14:45,400 that he has the understanding of appears in the statement. rebellion 819 01:14:45,400 --> 01:14:49,760 an inevitable consequence of circumstances Even though it is changed, this change 820 01:14:49,760 --> 01:14:53,800 does not move. This antithesis of revolution move from changing conditions 821 01:14:53,800 --> 01:14:58,880 That is to say, the revolution starts from the revolution. includes what it does. However, rebellion 822 01:14:58,880 --> 01:15:02,560 people are pleased with themselves It starts from their absence. this 823 01:15:02,560 --> 01:15:08,639 dissatisfaction, freedom and everything He who can always walk his own path 824 01:15:08,639 --> 01:15:14,480 who is pleasantly pleased with himself and always with himself, who is what he can be 825 01:15:14,480 --> 01:15:19,520 previous about the peaceful egoist It is in perfect harmony with the statements. 826 01:15:19,520 --> 01:15:25,360 Arks says here that rebellion and revolution such a categorical distinction between 827 01:15:25,360 --> 01:15:32,520 separation or political revolution, social In the form of revolution, the distinctions are actually 828 01:15:32,520 --> 01:15:37,719 Well, it's very problematic, but this Uniqueness in Sinter's perspective 829 01:15:37,719 --> 01:15:42,320 Such a distinction is needed to achieve he thinks it is. Because the revolution is actually 830 01:15:42,320 --> 01:15:47,280 socially emerged In an effort to overcome uneasiness, 831 01:15:47,280 --> 01:15:52,120 While showing that rebellion is the individual's own state of dissatisfaction with oneself. 832 01:15:52,120 --> 01:15:57,440 So thus spake Zarathustra For example, what was Nietzsche saying? best 833 01:15:57,440 --> 01:16:03,040 A student is a student who does not follow me. The best teacher puts his students behind him 834 01:16:03,040 --> 01:16:08,480 is the one who doesn't care. Therefore here your only self, don't be yourself 835 01:16:08,480 --> 01:16:16,480 What an absolute experience. let's say? Well, at an absolute point, absolute 836 01:16:16,480 --> 01:16:22,199 keep it at one point He is someone who can do it. Now it's like this 837 01:16:22,199 --> 01:16:27,120 social media to reach an individual changing the unrest 838 01:16:27,120 --> 01:16:31,400 it doesn't make any sense. individual's own trying to overcome his uneasiness 839 01:16:31,400 --> 01:16:36,480 It is necessary. But this is naturally a The result will be obvious. all kinds 840 01:16:36,480 --> 01:16:42,120 without rejecting sociality, that you set out by rejecting, or rather 841 01:16:42,120 --> 01:16:47,280 from the moment then these interests How will you establish unity? 842 01:16:47,280 --> 01:16:53,639 So, for example, technology How will you refuse? Or technology 843 01:16:53,639 --> 01:16:59,040 a power or money to eliminate Identify a force that will eliminate 844 01:16:59,040 --> 01:17:05,840 Well, that's right, Marx says, "Yes, You identified it correctly. money, business, private 845 01:17:05,840 --> 01:17:11,239 tool of property that creates division of labor As the factor that kills all kinds of workers 846 01:17:11,239 --> 01:17:17,600 you saw TRUE. But how do you do this? will you eliminate? eliminate this 847 01:17:17,600 --> 01:17:24,080 The way to remove it is individually There can be no attempt to alleviate his discontent. 848 01:17:24,080 --> 01:17:29,400 Therefore, only the social level because this emerging phenomenon is social 849 01:17:29,400 --> 01:17:35,120 A phenomenon that has emerged at various levels. To get rid of something, to get rid of something, from the inside 850 01:17:35,120 --> 01:17:41,280 If you want to go out, make that thing Whatever the conditions are, the conditions of formation are 851 01:17:41,280 --> 01:17:46,440 by blowing, well, by disposing of, lava You can do it by . 852 01:17:46,440 --> 01:17:52,239 Therefore, with this rebellion, revolution a sufficient distinction between 853 01:17:52,239 --> 01:17:58,960 that it is not a bourgeois, petty He stated that it was bourgeois boasting. 854 01:17:58,960 --> 01:18:05,080 It does. Now therefore now this eh Of course, the answer can be given as follows. no 855 01:18:05,080 --> 01:18:11,159 sir, well, Maxsteiner, well, never bourgeoisie into such an attitude 856 01:18:11,159 --> 01:18:14,760 approving or petty bourgeois did not adopt an approving attitude 857 01:18:14,760 --> 01:18:20,840 It can be said. Yes. Marx is aware of this. I don't want to say that I am at this point politically. 858 01:18:20,840 --> 01:18:26,360 We are working. Therefore, first hand You should not answer. this way 859 01:18:26,360 --> 01:18:32,560 Again, for example, the thing is that people I can say it and stop here. 860 01:18:32,560 --> 01:18:40,120 well let it be the last one. er Marx, er, at length, er, change 861 01:18:40,120 --> 01:18:44,760 that is, this person's own change development, that is, from childhood, 862 01:18:44,760 --> 01:18:49,920 from adolescence, from youth to maturity building that uniqueness in transition 863 01:18:49,920 --> 01:18:54,560 experience of self, being oneself reveal the effort 864 01:18:54,560 --> 01:18:59,800 process is actually a historical process. and that's it by itself 865 01:18:59,800 --> 01:19:06,080 in isolation, man, man To be human is to become non-human 866 01:19:06,080 --> 01:19:10,920 It's problematic for him to think he can pass. he thinks it is. non-human 867 01:19:10,920 --> 01:19:18,280 What we say is from the one and only we are talking about. Well, he says this: 868 01:19:18,360 --> 01:19:23,199 Again, in a quote from German ideology I'll be there but this is okay this thing 869 01:19:23,199 --> 01:19:29,239 let me do it. Well, in my book, everywhere It was drawn and they were all separated from each other like this. 870 01:19:29,239 --> 01:19:34,840 Well, I wrote that I found it nice and important. he/she So I'm sorry. Well, so more 871 01:19:34,840 --> 01:19:40,040 Honestly I want to convey everything but Of course, this makes no sense. He says: 872 01:19:40,040 --> 01:19:45,000 "The example of Sancho is again commonplace. "He chose it with his incompetence." long above 873 01:19:45,000 --> 01:19:51,120 There is a quote. From whom? Here's Stinner It is unique and has a quote from its ownership. 874 01:19:51,120 --> 01:19:55,320 Well, that's what he says. Sancho example again We have become accustomed to it. Incompetence too 875 01:19:55,320 --> 01:20:00,719 chose. If you are a born poet, musician and What he said about philosophers 876 01:20:00,719 --> 01:20:06,040 Even if nonsense is accepted as true That is, such innate abilities 877 01:20:06,040 --> 01:20:11,080 there is. You know, he says that he is on his way to being himself. go Your desire and yourself 878 01:20:11,080 --> 01:20:16,840 Try to liberate. Follow your desire. Do this. How will you do this? 879 01:20:16,840 --> 01:20:21,679 He's trying to answer the question. this How will you make the change? 880 01:20:21,679 --> 01:20:26,080 Because since human birth by abstractions, abstractions 881 01:20:26,080 --> 01:20:33,239 is surrounded by. Well, even if nonsense is accepted as true 882 01:20:33,239 --> 01:20:39,960 On the one hand, this example is only congenital. a pipi, pipi premisis 883 01:20:39,960 --> 01:20:47,400 pramittendis is a Latin word. suitable Your title is in front of you 884 01:20:47,400 --> 01:20:52,480 assuming that mostly letters It is used instead of address and title part. 885 01:20:52,480 --> 01:20:59,280 This is how the expression TP eee is used. Anyway, like Mr., like a doctor. 886 01:20:59,280 --> 01:21:04,320 Here is like the philosopher, here is the philosopher Borog doctor Boro Erdağı, engineer Boro Erdağı 887 01:21:04,320 --> 01:21:09,400 He's talking about something like this. when you were born It proves that it remains what it is. So poet 888 01:21:09,400 --> 01:21:16,480 and so on. On the other hand, congenital PP On the other hand, it is developing 889 01:21:16,480 --> 01:21:21,480 unfavorable conditions as far as become what it could be because of 890 01:21:21,480 --> 01:21:26,760 proves that he may not come. So its In one respect his example proves nothing. 891 01:21:26,760 --> 01:21:31,080 On the other hand, what is required to prove It proves the exact opposite. And both 892 01:21:31,080 --> 01:21:36,239 In this respect, whether Sancho was born no matter what the circumstances 893 01:21:36,239 --> 01:21:41,600 belongs to a large class of people evidence. Instead of his 894 01:21:41,600 --> 01:21:46,840 is unique. He's short-tempered He shares his consolation with this class. 895 01:21:46,840 --> 01:21:51,560 He's trying to say this. He gave an example Here are the abilities of man 896 01:21:51,560 --> 01:21:55,400 We are talking about talents as well. we are talking about. we are born with 897 01:21:55,400 --> 01:21:58,840 capable of things 898 01:21:59,960 --> 01:22:06,840 so that I know, hearing, etc., smelling, etc. Tasting, that's the clarity of our minds. 899 01:22:06,840 --> 01:22:12,400 Well, from our capacity to think we are talking about. We have enough of these. Also 900 01:22:12,400 --> 01:22:16,719 There are talents. how to do these will we use? We just smelled something, right? 901 01:22:16,719 --> 01:22:20,280 We can also make food from it. From now on Hearing there was a fire and calling 902 01:22:20,280 --> 01:22:24,600 We can also call the fire department. Therefore How we use it is also about talent. 903 01:22:24,600 --> 01:22:29,639 something. Both Göte and Betofen There is a famous expression he said. 904 01:22:29,639 --> 01:22:33,440 Which one said it first? I don't know but well it's Betfen 905 01:22:33,440 --> 01:22:42,960 Let's assume for now. He says oh genius 99% of it is work. So 18 year old deaf 906 01:22:42,960 --> 01:22:47,280 Here he is, 21 years old, from a man who has been From someone who fed symphonies 907 01:22:47,280 --> 01:22:51,239 we are talking about. full hearing ability From someone who lost his life and wrote symphonies 908 01:22:51,239 --> 01:22:56,400 I think we are talking about. ability to hear He made up for the three symphonies he lost. 909 01:22:56,400 --> 01:23:02,760 Then, after losing the end completely He also wrote two more symphonies. 910 01:23:02,760 --> 01:23:09,840 I think he has 9 symphonies in total. Anyway genius is about work 911 01:23:09,840 --> 01:23:14,560 reveals. Now if Stinner is here He says that a person can become a doctor. 912 01:23:14,560 --> 01:23:18,760 If he has talent, he should reveal it. by pursuing your desires 913 01:23:18,760 --> 01:23:22,560 carried out. How are the kids? There is a question about how to train. 914 01:23:22,560 --> 01:23:27,120 Families depend on their children's talents at work so they can find themselves 915 01:23:27,120 --> 01:23:35,320 he wants. But how So guys, that's it, that's it. 916 01:23:35,320 --> 01:23:40,120 With certain rules, under pressure their own existence when taken 917 01:23:40,120 --> 01:23:44,400 They cannot realize their capacity. Yes. Everyone agrees on this 918 01:23:44,400 --> 01:23:47,960 It creates. What about these? when we go away 919 01:23:47,960 --> 01:23:52,600 How will we do it? Deofun says: genius 920 01:23:52,600 --> 01:23:57,040 99% is to work. So it's a discipline 921 01:23:57,040 --> 01:24:02,719 Only genius can be revealed within. So don't be a doctor, I want to be a doctor 922 01:24:02,719 --> 01:24:08,280 I want to follow your desire not. What is it like to be a doctor? 923 01:24:08,280 --> 01:24:14,719 We have obtained the requirements and tools. good within the possibility of this one and only 924 01:24:14,719 --> 01:24:19,320 It's not like that. Because being a doctor is a normative area. It has a bunch of rules and principles. 925 01:24:19,320 --> 01:24:24,040 How and what will you do? From where to seek help and what 926 01:24:24,040 --> 01:24:28,199 There are rules about what you can do. Therefore, or to whom? 927 01:24:28,199 --> 01:24:32,679 There is something you can implement. Marx says that with this desire and power 928 01:24:32,679 --> 01:24:37,000 What you said about it is very important, but this is unclear. Philosophy with this uncertainty 929 01:24:37,000 --> 01:24:42,600 You already have the chance to question philosophy It's like you're stepping outside 930 01:24:42,600 --> 01:24:48,119 There is an approach. I'll stop here. A lot Thank you.