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LOW RADIO CHATTER
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These people are hunting
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for one of the most endangered
animals on the planet.
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The black rhino -
an animal poached for its horn.
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GUN FIRES
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But they aren't going to harm her.
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Dumi Zwane and his team
are on a rescue mission.
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DUMI: I don't think I'll ever
stop fighting for rhino.
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It's just not possible.
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OK! Yeah...
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They're setting up a new breeding
colony in a safe haven.
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Get her on two.
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Two. OK. That's good.
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This female is going to be
at the very centre of it.
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She weighs over a tonne...
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Go!
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..and there's only one way
to get her out.
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That's it.
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There we are. Perfect!
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When I watch it fly off,
it's very emotional.
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It's a beautiful feeling.
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She is sedated and safe...
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...and in less than half an hour,
she'll be back on the ground
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and starting a new life in a project
that could save her entire species,
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thanks to Dumi and
his remarkable team.
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We started making the very first
Planet Earth series
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just over 20 years ago.
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Since then, our camera teams
have filmed all over the world
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and visited some of its wildest
and most remote corners.
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But the truth is that most
of the animals we filmed
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over these last two decades
are now rarer than they were.
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And the places where they live
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are in greater danger
of destruction.
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But I've seen another change
in those years,
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a hopeful change.
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A new generation of remarkable
people are stepping up
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to save wildlife.
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They're overcoming huge obstacles,
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travelling to dangerous places,
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and sometimes even risking
their lives.
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To me, they are true heroes.
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This is the story of some of them.
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Hidden in the heart of the Andes
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is the Centro Jambatu
research centre.
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It's protecting members of
what is, perhaps surprisingly,
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the most endangered group of animals
in the world.
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Frogs.
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These individuals are the very last
of their particular species.
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They're brought here not only
for protection,
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but, more importantly,
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to increase their numbers.
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And the person to find them...
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..Jaime Culebras.
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I was seven the first time
that I saw a frog
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and just changed my life.
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And ever since his childhood,
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he's been exploring the
remotest places
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and searching for the rarest frogs.
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This is a leaf frog.
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He is just amazing.
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It's impossible to don't fall in
love with an animal like this, no?
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But there is one frog here
that is very special.
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His name, Sad Santiago.
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This is Sad Santiago.
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He's sad because he's alone.
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He's one of the last members
of his species.
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And he needs a female.
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Known as the Morona-Santiago
harlequin frog,
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he may be the rarest frog
in the world.
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While the other frogs here
are doing their best
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to increase their populations,
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Santiago has sat alone
for four long years.
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Maybe it's not the most beautiful
frog, but he deserves love.
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Santiago has now grown old,
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and if Jaime can't find a female
for him soon,
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the whole species could
become extinct.
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THUNDER RUMBLES
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The last place where one
of these frogs was seen...
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..was high up on a mountain
in the cloud forest of Ecuador.
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There's only one way to get there.
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DONKEY SNORTS
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Joining him is fellow
frog-hunter Darwin
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and Jaime's partner and
frog scientist, Francesca.
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Oh!
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Come on, vamanos.
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Arriba.
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FRANCESCA: This is one of
the wettest places on Earth,
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and right now it's actually the
wet season, the rainy season,
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so it rains even more.
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Soaking wet and teeming with bugs...
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..it's a perfect place for frogs.
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Let's go.
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Most frogs come out of hiding
at night.
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This place is extremely wonderful.
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But you have to be careful where
you put your hands.
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Being with him is...
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..it's unusual.
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It's not your regular relationship.
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SHE LAUGHS
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Oh, he's obsessed.
He's really obsessed.
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Streams like this should be
full of frogs
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of many different species...
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..but they search all night
and find nothing.
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It's a silent forest.
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It's sad.
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The sound of frogs is slowly
disappearing from our world.
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The only place many frog species
can now be found
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is in a museum.
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A key reason is the spread of
a fungus called chytrid...
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..that can grow on the
moist skins of frogs,
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eventually killing them.
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90 species are thought to have
become extinct as a consequence,
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and almost 600 more are now
critically endangered.
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Before chytrid, I'm pretty sure
that you could walk
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through the stream and
see everywhere
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many, many, many frogs on the rocks,
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calling "prrr-prrr"!
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I wish I had been born before
the frog disease.
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Night after night...
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..they search the stream.
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Jaime!
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At last, there is a discovery.
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The sound is a...
JAIME TRILLS
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I don't know exactly where,
but it's there, more or less.
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En el agua!
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We have it.
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A glass frog.
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A really beautiful glass frog.
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Glass frogs are becoming
increasingly rare,
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and one day they, too,
could disappear.
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But it's not what they are
looking for.
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The fact is that countless species
go extinct...
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..unnoticed.
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All Jaime can do is to
continue his search
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for a mate for Santiago.
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It's there?
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I found a female!
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Agh!
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Woohoo!
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It's a female! Look.
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The size is bigger than the males.
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Wow.
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I feel so happy!
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The first female!
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She could be the cornerstone of
a new breeding programme.
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Santiago will be very, very,
very, very, very happy.
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JAIME LAUGHS
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Because she's really beautiful!
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In my hand, I have hope.
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I have the saviour of this species,
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for breeding programmes and
for people to reproduce it.
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I don't know, it's like
I just have hope in my hand.
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There are over 7,000 species
of frogs in the world,
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and you may well ask...
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..does it really matter if a few
go extinct?
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Well, just look at this tiny species
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of poison arrow frog.
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Scientists discovered a chemical
on its skin...
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..200 times stronger than morphine.
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Now they are studying how it works
to create powerful new painkillers.
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But the natural world is not just
one vast medicine chest.
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It's far more than that.
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It is our life support system,
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the fabric that holds
our world together.
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Remove a part of it,
a species or a habitat,
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and there's no knowing
what could happen.
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LOW RUMBLING
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A prime example is the
forest elephant.
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They play a crucial role
in maintaining
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the rainforests of Africa...
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ELEPHANT TRUMPETS
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..dispersing seeds and
making clearings
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that are then used by many
other animals.
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We filmed these images in 2004
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for the first Planet Earth series.
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ELEPHANT TRUMPETS
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Nine years later, poachers came here
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and killed 26 elephants
for their ivory...
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..including four of the calves.
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Since that first series,
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the number of forest elephants
across Africa
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has dropped by two-thirds.
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But stopping the slaughter
is a risky business.
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Abidjan, in Cote d'Ivoire,
West Africa...
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..part of the global network
in the illegal ivory trade.
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A stranger has flown in
from Vietnam,
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a hub for the import of ivory.
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Her speciality - infiltrating
the illegal wildlife trade
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by posing as a buyer.
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Trang is working with a network of
conservationists called EAGLE.
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Her contact here is Rens Ilgen.
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But what is particular with this
new trade in West Africa is,
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as you can see, a lot of the tusks
are from baby elephants.
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So, they're really down to
the last elephants.
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Last week, seven people were killed.
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Seven ranger was killed?
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So, clearly, it is not just about
the ivory trade,
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but a lot of people, rangers,
that are being killed as well.
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It's...it's war.
It's war.
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And they're even going for
the baby elephants. Yeah.
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Now Trang is set her task.
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So, I want you to meet the godfather
of ivory.
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We already arrested him
four years ago
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when he had 400kg of ivory,
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which he was supplying to
the Vietnamese community
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linked to the Vietnamese mafia.
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As he has been arrested before,
he might be very cautious.
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It might be dangerous.
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She prepares her disguise
as a businesswoman -
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but under her jacket,
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hidden recording equipment.
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00:17:31,400 --> 00:17:33,960
EAGLE's undercover agents
have been following
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the godfather for years.
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Now is the moment to catch him.
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This is your first meeting.
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You're just going to discuss
and get to know each other.
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See if they have the products.
Exactly.
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I'm going in,
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and I need to sit facing away
from the door,
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because I don't want people
to see me with him.
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We will be close by... Yep.
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..and nothing will go wrong.
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OK.
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Good luck.
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00:18:16,320 --> 00:18:17,680
Bye.
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She meets the godfather
at a local cafe.
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The secret cameras capture
the story.
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TRANG: Mm-hm.
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But the godfather denies
having any ivory for sale.
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TRANG: Merci.
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Yeah, yeah, yeah.
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Merci.
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Perhaps there's no ivory.
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Or maybe he doesn't trust Trang.
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It's a serious setback.
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But there are other traders
out there.
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Perhaps her presence in town
will draw them in.
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00:20:00,480 --> 00:20:03,400
Every day that passes,
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more elephants are killed.
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For Trang,
this work is very personal.
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00:20:23,680 --> 00:20:27,000
When I was 23, I got the phone call.
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The doctor told me
that I had bowel cancer.
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00:20:34,880 --> 00:20:36,880
The first thing pop up in my mind
is that I'm so young,
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00:20:36,880 --> 00:20:38,520
well, how can I get cancer?
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00:20:40,320 --> 00:20:42,640
Once you have cancer,
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you don't know how long
you're going to live for,
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and if I want to do anything,
then I should just do it now.
248
00:20:49,840 --> 00:20:52,520
And that's when I said, "OK,
I'm just going to do undercover,"
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00:20:52,520 --> 00:20:54,680
because I don't know when
I'm going to die.
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I might as well do something
really meaningful.
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00:21:04,560 --> 00:21:08,200
Currently, Trang is in remission.
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Three days later,
there's a breakthrough.
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PHONE PINGS
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A video sent by a trader.
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00:21:27,840 --> 00:21:31,840
I can see that this video
have about 14, 15 ivory.
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They are big tusks, they are
also small tusks as well.
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It's obviously come from
baby elephants.
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The bait has been taken.
259
00:21:38,280 --> 00:21:41,000
Trang and the EAGLE team
must act fast.
260
00:21:48,280 --> 00:21:51,520
She goes to meet the new targets.
261
00:21:55,000 --> 00:21:56,400
First job...
262
00:21:56,400 --> 00:21:57,480
TRANG: Bonsoir.
263
00:21:57,480 --> 00:21:59,240
..gain their trust.
264
00:22:08,760 --> 00:22:10,160
Cheers.
265
00:22:10,160 --> 00:22:11,240
Cheers. Cheers.
266
00:22:12,400 --> 00:22:14,680
TRANG SPEAKING ENGLISH:
267
00:22:20,200 --> 00:22:21,720
TRADER: OK.
268
00:22:21,720 --> 00:22:25,720
Eventually, Trang persuades
the traders to move to
269
00:22:25,720 --> 00:22:29,160
a hotel room nearby...
270
00:22:29,160 --> 00:22:32,760
..to weigh the ivory and
make the transaction.
271
00:22:44,040 --> 00:22:46,120
TRANG: Close the door.
Close the door.
272
00:23:01,240 --> 00:23:04,320
Ivory is sold by the kilo.
273
00:23:04,320 --> 00:23:06,240
TRANG: That is just over 20.
274
00:23:06,240 --> 00:23:07,600
20.2?
275
00:23:07,600 --> 00:23:09,120
TRADER: 20.3.
276
00:23:09,120 --> 00:23:12,400
A whole elephant family was killed
for this haul.
277
00:23:13,440 --> 00:23:15,480
LOW CHATTER
278
00:23:15,480 --> 00:23:18,320
It's worth over £5,000.
279
00:23:18,320 --> 00:23:21,400
Here, that is a year's salary.
280
00:23:24,920 --> 00:23:28,120
What the traders don't realise...
281
00:23:28,120 --> 00:23:31,280
..is that the police are
in the room above,
282
00:23:31,280 --> 00:23:34,120
waiting for a text from Trang.
283
00:23:44,440 --> 00:23:46,760
SOFTLY: OK, let's go.
284
00:23:57,480 --> 00:23:59,840
WHISPERING
285
00:23:59,840 --> 00:24:01,520
KNOCK ON DOOR
286
00:24:01,520 --> 00:24:02,960
TRANG: Who's there?
287
00:24:04,080 --> 00:24:05,440
Service?
288
00:24:13,280 --> 00:24:15,000
TRANG: You go open the door.
289
00:24:15,000 --> 00:24:16,440
TRADER: OK.
290
00:24:16,440 --> 00:24:18,120
QUIETLY: Just put it down here.
291
00:24:21,280 --> 00:24:22,520
Police! Police!
292
00:24:22,520 --> 00:24:24,240
TRANG SCREAMS
293
00:24:24,240 --> 00:24:26,160
Don't move, don't move, don't move!
294
00:24:26,160 --> 00:24:28,160
TRANG SCREAMS
295
00:24:37,480 --> 00:24:40,280
TRANG SPEAKING FRENCH:
296
00:24:42,880 --> 00:24:44,800
For her own safety,
297
00:24:44,800 --> 00:24:48,440
she has to keep her cover story
and behave as a criminal...
298
00:24:48,440 --> 00:24:50,320
MUFFLED SHOUTING
299
00:24:52,480 --> 00:24:56,360
..which means she must also
be arrested.
300
00:24:56,360 --> 00:24:59,320
POLICE ISSUE ORDERS
301
00:25:06,320 --> 00:25:09,960
A link in the global supply chain...
302
00:25:09,960 --> 00:25:11,280
..broken.
303
00:25:20,400 --> 00:25:22,800
Trang is whisked away,
304
00:25:22,800 --> 00:25:26,280
whilst the traders are taken
to the police station,
305
00:25:26,280 --> 00:25:29,440
none the wiser about
her involvement.
306
00:25:36,040 --> 00:25:41,480
Over the next year,
EAGLE catch 140 more traffickers
307
00:25:41,480 --> 00:25:45,280
in the fight against the global
wildlife trade.
308
00:25:47,920 --> 00:25:51,280
But for Trang,
this is her last operation.
309
00:25:52,600 --> 00:25:56,200
It's why we can show her face.
310
00:26:05,080 --> 00:26:09,640
It's not safe for her to stay
a minute longer than necessary.
311
00:26:15,000 --> 00:26:20,640
Trang's final task is to vanish
from Abidjan...
312
00:26:20,640 --> 00:26:22,600
..for ever.
313
00:26:29,440 --> 00:26:35,760
Across the world, the numbers of
wild animals are falling alarmingly.
314
00:26:35,760 --> 00:26:38,160
In just two decades -
315
00:26:38,160 --> 00:26:41,320
since we started making the
first Planet Earth series -
316
00:26:41,320 --> 00:26:44,960
the abundance of wildlife
around the globe has dropped,
317
00:26:44,960 --> 00:26:48,120
on average, by over 30%.
318
00:26:49,440 --> 00:26:52,760
We're facing a disaster,
a catastrophe.
319
00:26:53,960 --> 00:26:58,480
Scientists say that we're on
the edge of a mass extinction.
320
00:27:00,120 --> 00:27:03,840
It's being caused by human activity.
321
00:27:03,840 --> 00:27:07,680
So humans also have the power
to stop it.
322
00:27:11,000 --> 00:27:14,920
It takes many qualities to save
even one species.
323
00:27:17,200 --> 00:27:18,760
Determination...
324
00:27:21,480 --> 00:27:23,200
..courage...
325
00:27:24,800 --> 00:27:26,680
..and passion.
326
00:27:28,840 --> 00:27:32,520
And often, there's another
ingredient that's needed...
327
00:27:34,240 --> 00:27:37,280
..the ability to think big.
328
00:27:41,040 --> 00:27:46,720
In Vienna, Katharina Huchler is just
starting a new job.
329
00:27:46,720 --> 00:27:48,680
The pay is terrible.
330
00:27:49,840 --> 00:27:51,800
The hours are long.
331
00:27:53,960 --> 00:27:56,200
And there are no days off.
332
00:27:57,840 --> 00:28:01,840
She is about to become
a foster mother.
333
00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:03,200
Hi.
334
00:28:03,200 --> 00:28:04,680
Hi.
CHEEPING
335
00:28:04,680 --> 00:28:05,880
Good morning.
336
00:28:05,880 --> 00:28:06,960
Hi. Hi.
337
00:28:06,960 --> 00:28:09,280
And these are her new babies...
338
00:28:09,280 --> 00:28:10,480
Oh.
339
00:28:10,480 --> 00:28:13,480
You're pretty awake. Hi.
340
00:28:13,480 --> 00:28:16,880
..28 of one of the world's
rarest birds.
341
00:28:16,880 --> 00:28:18,440
Hey. Hi.
342
00:28:18,440 --> 00:28:21,400
The northern bald ibis.
343
00:28:21,400 --> 00:28:23,840
You really quickly fall
in love with them.
344
00:28:23,840 --> 00:28:25,360
KATHARINA LAUGHS
345
00:28:25,360 --> 00:28:29,640
They were hunted to extinction
in Europe over 400 years ago.
346
00:28:31,640 --> 00:28:35,000
These chicks were born in a zoo.
347
00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:37,720
Katharina's task is to teach them
348
00:28:37,720 --> 00:28:40,680
to become wild, free birds.
349
00:28:40,680 --> 00:28:43,840
Yes, yes, yes. Komm. Komm.
350
00:28:43,840 --> 00:28:48,560
To do that, she must convince them
that she is their mother.
351
00:28:48,560 --> 00:28:51,520
It's a process called imprinting.
352
00:28:51,520 --> 00:28:55,280
While it's happening,
the chicks must never see or hear
353
00:28:55,280 --> 00:28:58,880
any other human except Helena,
354
00:28:58,880 --> 00:29:02,360
who's an ibis foster mum
for the second time.
355
00:29:02,360 --> 00:29:06,280
They must always wear identical
yellow clothes
356
00:29:06,280 --> 00:29:10,480
and repeat the same noises
again and again.
357
00:29:11,800 --> 00:29:14,360
We mimic the sounds the adults make,
it's like...
358
00:29:14,360 --> 00:29:16,520
SHE MAKES HOARSE CALL
359
00:29:16,520 --> 00:29:18,200
Kkrukk!
360
00:29:18,200 --> 00:29:19,840
Kkrukk! Kklup.
361
00:29:19,840 --> 00:29:21,240
Kklup. Kklup.
362
00:29:21,240 --> 00:29:22,560
Kklup.
363
00:29:22,560 --> 00:29:24,080
But I'm not good yet at doing it!
364
00:29:24,080 --> 00:29:25,320
THEY LAUGH
365
00:29:25,320 --> 00:29:26,920
Goodnight.
366
00:29:26,920 --> 00:29:29,040
They're here when the chicks
fall asleep...
367
00:29:29,040 --> 00:29:30,480
Sleep well.
368
00:29:32,320 --> 00:29:35,320
..and the first thing they see
when they awake.
369
00:29:35,320 --> 00:29:37,560
Good morning, waldies! Hallo!
370
00:29:37,560 --> 00:29:40,400
Let's have something to eat,
shall we? Yes, let's eat.
371
00:29:40,400 --> 00:29:44,080
They're a bit like every human baby.
372
00:29:44,080 --> 00:29:46,720
They just need their food
bit by bit by bit
373
00:29:46,720 --> 00:29:48,080
all day long.
374
00:29:48,080 --> 00:29:50,000
Yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes.
375
00:29:50,000 --> 00:29:52,840
Oh, no, we did it all wrong!
376
00:29:52,840 --> 00:29:54,640
Oh! Aw!
377
00:29:54,640 --> 00:29:57,200
It's really like changing the
nappies of the babies.
378
00:29:57,200 --> 00:30:00,920
28 mouths to feed
and bottoms to wipe,
379
00:30:00,920 --> 00:30:03,920
and all the time talking
to the birds.
380
00:30:03,920 --> 00:30:06,280
Komm, komm, waldies! Komm, komm!
381
00:30:06,280 --> 00:30:07,960
Feeling really tired.
382
00:30:07,960 --> 00:30:10,600
Yeah, I'd really like to sleep
a little bit more.
383
00:30:12,240 --> 00:30:16,000
As the weeks pass, the bond grows.
384
00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:18,880
And then it is time for
their next stage
385
00:30:18,880 --> 00:30:21,080
in becoming wild birds.
386
00:30:25,400 --> 00:30:28,840
They move to a field in
the Austrian Alps.
387
00:30:34,200 --> 00:30:37,520
They've now grown their adult
flight feathers...
388
00:30:39,080 --> 00:30:41,720
...but they're still chicks
on the inside.
389
00:30:43,040 --> 00:30:45,920
So the imprinting must continue.
390
00:30:45,920 --> 00:30:48,400
With this hand gesture we do,
391
00:30:48,400 --> 00:30:51,520
we imitate the bill of an adult ibis
392
00:30:51,520 --> 00:30:53,440
and we combine it with
the greeting sound.
393
00:30:53,440 --> 00:30:54,600
So, this is...
394
00:30:54,600 --> 00:30:56,640
Kklup! Kklup!
395
00:30:56,640 --> 00:31:01,680
All this imprinting is for
a very important reason.
396
00:31:04,040 --> 00:31:06,800
These are migratory birds.
397
00:31:06,800 --> 00:31:09,440
In autumn, they must fly south
398
00:31:09,440 --> 00:31:12,520
to their warm feeding grounds
in Italy.
399
00:31:13,640 --> 00:31:16,480
And that is a problem.
400
00:31:16,480 --> 00:31:19,920
They know that they need
to go somewhere,
401
00:31:19,920 --> 00:31:23,440
but they don't know in which
direction and how far.
402
00:31:23,440 --> 00:31:26,800
So they need to learn the route
from their parents.
403
00:31:28,160 --> 00:31:30,880
Their human mothers must show them
the way.
404
00:31:32,680 --> 00:31:35,800
And that requires a little
ingenuity.
405
00:31:35,800 --> 00:31:37,720
ENGINE POWERS UP
406
00:31:45,080 --> 00:31:48,440
This is where the imprinting
is put to the test.
407
00:31:58,520 --> 00:32:00,720
Will the birds follow them...
408
00:32:02,200 --> 00:32:04,160
..even in a microlight?
409
00:32:04,160 --> 00:32:06,000
KATHARINA: Komm, komm!
410
00:32:06,000 --> 00:32:07,920
Komm, komm, waldies!
411
00:32:07,920 --> 00:32:09,640
Komm, komm!
412
00:32:18,360 --> 00:32:20,760
TRANSLATION:
413
00:32:23,360 --> 00:32:27,120
Getting too close is dangerous
for both birds and humans.
414
00:32:37,120 --> 00:32:38,800
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh!
415
00:32:55,400 --> 00:32:57,640
After a wobbly start...
416
00:32:59,000 --> 00:33:01,160
..at last they settle.
417
00:33:06,800 --> 00:33:09,520
The imprinting has worked.
418
00:33:20,800 --> 00:33:23,320
Our birds did very well today.
419
00:33:30,520 --> 00:33:33,760
But their biggest challenge
is still to come.
420
00:33:38,240 --> 00:33:41,320
The Zillertal Alps.
421
00:33:46,440 --> 00:33:49,480
A great wall of rock and ice.
422
00:33:58,520 --> 00:34:00,920
It's going to be the most
important flight
423
00:34:00,920 --> 00:34:02,840
of their young lives.
424
00:34:03,960 --> 00:34:08,160
It will take them to the very edge
of exhaustion.
425
00:34:08,160 --> 00:34:11,760
A lot of young birds die during
their first migration.
426
00:34:11,760 --> 00:34:13,720
They are still so inexperienced.
427
00:34:15,800 --> 00:34:18,960
There's also danger for the
foster mothers and the pilots.
428
00:34:22,360 --> 00:34:24,600
If there is a problem with
the microlights,
429
00:34:24,600 --> 00:34:26,880
there is no safe place to land.
430
00:34:29,960 --> 00:34:33,440
To gain enough height to fly
over these mountains...
431
00:34:35,880 --> 00:34:40,000
..they must find columns of
rising air called thermals.
432
00:34:43,920 --> 00:34:47,040
A skill these birds would
normally learn
433
00:34:47,040 --> 00:34:49,520
by following their natural mothers.
434
00:34:55,880 --> 00:34:57,400
WIND WHISTLES
435
00:35:06,160 --> 00:35:09,960
It takes expert piloting
to find the thermals.
436
00:35:18,440 --> 00:35:20,840
Once within one,
437
00:35:20,840 --> 00:35:23,760
it's turbulent and unpredictable.
438
00:35:43,240 --> 00:35:46,640
With every turn,
the mothers must make sure
439
00:35:46,640 --> 00:35:49,440
all 28 birds are following.
440
00:36:13,800 --> 00:36:15,560
All 28 birds here.
441
00:36:18,200 --> 00:36:20,160
Phew.
SHE LAUGHS IN RELIEF
442
00:36:32,000 --> 00:36:36,640
At last, they make it over
the highest ridge.
443
00:36:50,800 --> 00:36:55,280
From now on,
it should be easy flying.
444
00:37:16,240 --> 00:37:19,400
KATHARINA: What we are trying to do,
apart from saving the ibis,
445
00:37:19,400 --> 00:37:22,040
is trying to give hope to people.
446
00:37:24,440 --> 00:37:27,560
If you can bring back one species,
447
00:37:27,560 --> 00:37:29,600
you can also do it with others.
448
00:37:42,520 --> 00:37:47,240
A species once left for dead
now has a future.
449
00:37:51,920 --> 00:37:54,480
And they head for their
safe winter home
450
00:37:54,480 --> 00:37:57,200
in a protected nature reserve.
451
00:38:18,440 --> 00:38:20,080
HORN BEEPS
452
00:38:20,080 --> 00:38:24,120
But as we have seen
throughout this series,
453
00:38:24,120 --> 00:38:29,480
many species are losing the wild
habitats they need to survive.
454
00:38:33,200 --> 00:38:36,160
It's the biggest cause
of extinction.
455
00:38:43,760 --> 00:38:49,240
Nowhere is this more apparent than
in the Amazon rainforest.
456
00:38:52,720 --> 00:38:56,440
Our Planet Earth crews have filmed
here many times
457
00:38:56,440 --> 00:38:59,040
over the last two decades.
458
00:39:05,440 --> 00:39:07,280
TIMBER CREAKING
459
00:39:07,280 --> 00:39:12,960
And in that time,
over 16,000 million trees...
460
00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:17,000
..have been felled.
461
00:39:22,840 --> 00:39:27,200
To safeguard the countless species
that live here...
462
00:39:27,200 --> 00:39:29,840
..the forest itself must be
protected..
463
00:39:32,240 --> 00:39:36,760
And there's a force rising up
to do just that.
464
00:39:39,160 --> 00:39:41,280
TRANSLATION:
465
00:40:02,800 --> 00:40:07,520
Alessandra Korap is one of
the leaders of the Munduruku.
466
00:40:09,360 --> 00:40:12,800
They have been the guardians
of this part of the Amazon
467
00:40:12,800 --> 00:40:15,360
for thousands of years.
468
00:40:52,840 --> 00:40:57,680
When she was a child,
this part of the Amazon forest
469
00:40:57,680 --> 00:41:01,440
stretched unbroken
for hundreds of miles.
470
00:41:08,120 --> 00:41:10,640
Now it's being carved up...
471
00:41:11,880 --> 00:41:14,920
..for mining, for timber,
472
00:41:14,920 --> 00:41:17,960
but most of all for agriculture.
473
00:41:21,320 --> 00:41:25,720
This is the front line in
the battle for the Amazon,
474
00:41:25,720 --> 00:41:28,120
and it is a deadly one.
475
00:41:33,320 --> 00:41:36,800
In the last decade, more than
300 people have been murdered
476
00:41:36,800 --> 00:41:40,040
in Brazil defending the environment.
477
00:42:07,760 --> 00:42:11,200
The Munduruku,
like many indigenous groups,
478
00:42:11,200 --> 00:42:13,880
live in isolated communities
479
00:42:13,880 --> 00:42:18,360
vulnerable to attack from miners,
farmers and loggers.
480
00:42:45,320 --> 00:42:50,000
The Amazon's future is decided
2,000 miles away.
481
00:42:53,040 --> 00:42:55,920
Here, in the parliament of Brazil,
482
00:42:55,920 --> 00:42:59,680
new laws are being debated to allow
the exploitation
483
00:42:59,680 --> 00:43:02,120
of their traditional tribal land.
484
00:43:07,040 --> 00:43:10,600
But Alessandra has a plan -
485
00:43:10,600 --> 00:43:13,440
to unite with other tribes
486
00:43:13,440 --> 00:43:16,280
and organise a protest so big
487
00:43:16,280 --> 00:43:18,880
that it cannot be ignored.
488
00:44:07,960 --> 00:44:11,240
It's a three-day journey
to the capital city.
489
00:44:11,240 --> 00:44:13,360
HORN BLARES
490
00:44:14,800 --> 00:44:17,880
Trucks rumble to and from
the fields...
491
00:44:19,760 --> 00:44:23,360
..land that used to be rainforest.
492
00:44:24,680 --> 00:44:28,840
They're carrying thousands of tonnes
of soya beans.
493
00:44:31,360 --> 00:44:35,480
It's shipped from the heart of
the Amazon across the world.
494
00:44:37,320 --> 00:44:40,000
Not to feed humans...
495
00:44:40,000 --> 00:44:42,080
..but to feed livestock.
496
00:45:05,840 --> 00:45:09,880
Eventually, Alessandra makes it
to Brasilia.
497
00:45:11,400 --> 00:45:15,040
News of the protest has spread
all over the country.
498
00:45:18,880 --> 00:45:22,440
200 groups have united
in a huge camp.
499
00:45:22,440 --> 00:45:24,200
PROTESTORS SING
500
00:45:26,240 --> 00:45:29,480
From the northeast of Brazil -
the Xukuru.
501
00:45:31,240 --> 00:45:34,560
From the southern edge of
the Amazon - the Karaja.
502
00:45:46,000 --> 00:45:50,560
For ten days, they protest against
the proposed laws.
503
00:46:08,960 --> 00:46:12,560
Alessandra and the other
leaders have created
504
00:46:12,560 --> 00:46:17,280
the biggest protest by indigenous
people ever held in Brazil.
505
00:46:26,760 --> 00:46:31,720
Later, one of the proposed laws
was withdrawn.
506
00:46:37,480 --> 00:46:40,320
A small but significant victory
507
00:46:40,320 --> 00:46:43,960
in Alessandra's fight for
Brazil's wild places.
508
00:46:52,400 --> 00:46:56,680
The destruction of habitats is
currently the biggest threat
509
00:46:56,680 --> 00:46:59,680
to the survival of animal species.
510
00:46:59,680 --> 00:47:04,120
But there is an even greater
disaster on the horizon.
511
00:47:04,120 --> 00:47:06,800
Our climate is changing.
512
00:47:06,800 --> 00:47:10,680
Seasons have become unpredictable
and more extreme.
513
00:47:10,680 --> 00:47:13,640
Our planet is getting hotter.
514
00:47:16,720 --> 00:47:20,360
Scientists predict that if
the global temperature
515
00:47:20,360 --> 00:47:23,120
rises by over two degrees,
516
00:47:23,120 --> 00:47:27,280
it is likely to become the number
one cause of extinction.
517
00:47:29,600 --> 00:47:32,440
To halt climate change,
518
00:47:32,440 --> 00:47:35,600
perhaps politicians need
to become heroes, too.
519
00:47:36,960 --> 00:47:39,560
REPORTER: Hello, good evening,
and a warm welcome to Glasgow
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and the start of the long-awaited
climate summit, COP26.
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World leaders, prominent scientists
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and advisers all ready
for 12 days of...
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Mohamed Nasheed is a politician,
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the former president of
the Maldives.
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MOHAMED: The doctors said that
they took 16 ball bearings
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from all parts of my body.
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I was unconscious for two days.
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Over his political career,
he has been tortured, imprisoned
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00:48:10,800 --> 00:48:14,400
and recently survived
an assassination attempt.
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But during that time,
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he's also fought relentlessly
against climate change.
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..pleasure to be able to bring you
Mohamed Nasheed.
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AUDIENCE CHEERS
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In Glasgow, on the eve
of climate conference COP26,
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he is addressing a rally.
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Thank you.
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00:48:37,800 --> 00:48:39,760
Thank you very much.
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So, we come to COP26
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to find out whether
we still have a future.
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If we cannot have
a legally binding agreement
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not to push global temperatures
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above 1.5 degrees,
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my country will be gone,
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as will all the world's coral reefs
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and most of the rainforests.
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00:49:10,080 --> 00:49:14,360
Is all this devastation
really worth it,
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so that we can continue
to burn coal and fossil fuel
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for a few more years?
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00:49:22,840 --> 00:49:26,880
I have spent a lifetime
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fighting for my country,
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and with more determination
than ever,
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because I know my time on Earth
might be cut short.
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Mohamed Nasheed's passion
for the natural world
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began the first time he saw
a coral reef.
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MOHAMED: My earliest memory
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is with the ocean and the reef.
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We were the first generation
to actually see the reef.
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Masks and goggles came
to the Maldives
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in the late '60s, early '70s.
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Once we started seeing the reef
as a living creature...
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..we were just dumbfounded.
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But Nasheed's beloved coral
is now the habitat
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that is most threatened
by climate change.
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The critical tipping point is
a 1.5 degree temperature rise.
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Beyond that, most reefs will die,
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leaving nothing but rubble.
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When you think of a bigger picture,
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then your own life
is not so important.
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It's what you want to get done
which is important.
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00:51:15,640 --> 00:51:19,680
Nasheed's aim is to persuade
politicians to cut the use
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of coal and other fossil fuels.
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He repeats this plea at every
climate conference.
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You need to be able to
convince people,
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try to educate people.
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We are in trouble.
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We will not survive if the planet
is heated above 1.5 degrees.
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We must act now.
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00:51:40,920 --> 00:51:45,160
At first, journalists are reporting
on some eye-catching promises
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made by heads of state.
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REPORTER: 18 countries have
committed themselves
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to a plan to stop using coal-fired
power plants.
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It is an election issue now.
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That is why world leaders have
joined the rhetoric.
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The next stage -
turning promises into solid plans.
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And Nasheed is busy working
behind the scenes.
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If they don't agree, we will ring
their ministers, their presidents
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and get them online.
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I think that's what we're
trying to do.
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So let's do this.
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How are you, Prime Minister?
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Yeah, OK. I can hear you,
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00:52:20,560 --> 00:52:22,840
but I can hear the Prime Minister
much clearer.
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All countries need to agree
to the final text -
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and some won't.
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People who want to continue
fossil fuel,
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I think, are the bad guys.
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00:52:34,240 --> 00:52:38,360
And people who want to change,
I feel, are the good guys.
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Thank you. Thank you so much.
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After 14 days, this COP closes...
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..with some progress,
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but also with big compromises.
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NEWSREADER: An agreement
was finally reached this evening
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after a key section on
the future use of coal
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was at the last moment watered down.
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Without urgent new commitments,
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the target of 1.5 degrees
will be missed.
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It is disastrous.
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It will...
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If you picture this,
if you can fathom it...
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..the coral will bleach
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and they will die,
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and when they are dead,
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the fish and the marine life
that lives there...
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..cease to exist.
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You would have thought that your
normal prime minister
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and president...
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..would have a better grip on
understanding things.
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And not just go on and on and on
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about protecting their way of life.
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00:54:02,600 --> 00:54:06,640
So it's frustrating to see
politicians...
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..who doesn't seem to understand it.
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00:54:14,840 --> 00:54:17,120
With current policies,
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99% of coral reefs
could be gone...
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..in under 30 years.
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00:54:25,760 --> 00:54:28,440
Other habitats will follow.
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00:54:32,680 --> 00:54:34,400
You can't lose hope.
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You cannot give up.
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I will not stop.
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Nasheed believes there is
a solution.
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00:54:49,960 --> 00:54:54,000
The more environment becomes
an election issue,
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there will be more action
on climate.
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00:54:59,000 --> 00:55:03,360
Every time you vote,
in every election,
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please tick the planet.
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00:55:18,920 --> 00:55:22,880
The challenge of saving species
can't be left to a few
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heroic individuals working
against the odds.
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00:55:27,400 --> 00:55:30,000
It's those in positions
of great power
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who can make
the most difference.
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00:55:32,640 --> 00:55:38,480
So, ultimately, it is they who must
take the most responsibility.
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00:55:38,480 --> 00:55:43,800
Perhaps one of our roles is
to hold them to account.
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Time is running out
for many species,
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but I truly believe that if the
right decisions are made now,
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at this critical moment,
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there could still be a bright future
for all life
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00:55:57,480 --> 00:56:00,560
on our wonderful planet Earth.
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00:57:10,400 --> 00:57:14,320
Habitat Explorer brings animals
and their habitats to life.
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00:57:14,320 --> 00:57:18,000
Explore this free interactive,
and make origami animals.
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00:57:18,000 --> 00:57:22,080
Go to bbc.co.uk/planetearth3
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00:57:22,080 --> 00:57:24,520
and follow the links to
the Open University.
649
00:57:24,520 --> 00:57:26,840
Or to order a free printed version,
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00:57:26,840 --> 00:57:30,240
visit the website or call the
numbers on the screen.
48591
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