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DAVID ATTENBOROUGH:
Forests at first sight
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00:00:41,040 --> 00:00:44,080
may seem quiet and tranquil.
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00:00:51,760 --> 00:00:55,360
But today we can explore them
in new ways...
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00:00:58,400 --> 00:01:00,600
..and from a new perspective.
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00:01:03,040 --> 00:01:07,520
And, in fact, they're full of
unexpected connections,
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00:01:07,520 --> 00:01:09,440
relationships
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00:01:09,440 --> 00:01:12,520
and even secret messages.
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00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:27,760
Only now are we discovering
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how strange and complex
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00:01:31,080 --> 00:01:33,560
forests actually are.
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The rainforest of Borneo.
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00:02:01,000 --> 00:02:06,120
A pair of oriental pied hornbills
are renewing their partnership.
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00:02:11,720 --> 00:02:13,600
They mate for life.
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00:02:22,800 --> 00:02:26,400
And this year's nesting season
is just starting.
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00:02:34,080 --> 00:02:36,680
Before they face
the challenges ahead,
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00:02:36,680 --> 00:02:38,800
they reaffirm their bond.
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00:02:48,360 --> 00:02:52,040
And they do so with an
unusual ritual...
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00:02:54,200 --> 00:02:58,000
..at the entrance to a bat cave
that they know well.
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00:03:31,040 --> 00:03:34,160
This rather curious gift
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00:03:34,160 --> 00:03:37,040
isn't normally on their menu.
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00:03:39,600 --> 00:03:43,240
But it both demonstrates devotion
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00:03:43,240 --> 00:03:47,800
and reassures the female that
her mate will provide for her.
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In the coming weeks,
she will depend on him
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00:03:58,840 --> 00:04:01,680
in the most extraordinary way.
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00:04:10,480 --> 00:04:14,400
Nesting is a dangerous time
for any bird.
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00:04:18,960 --> 00:04:21,040
The hole in this tree trunk
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00:04:21,040 --> 00:04:24,000
will provide vital protection.
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Just what she wants.
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00:04:32,560 --> 00:04:35,520
Once settled inside...
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00:04:35,520 --> 00:04:38,720
..the female does something
truly bizarre.
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She pulls out her flight feathers.
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00:04:47,280 --> 00:04:50,320
She is not going to need them
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00:04:50,320 --> 00:04:55,440
because she will be staying
in here for quite some time.
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00:05:00,040 --> 00:05:03,000
It's not only a little cramped,
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00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:06,360
it also lacks basic amenities.
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Now her partner brings her
a beakful of mud.
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00:05:20,440 --> 00:05:24,840
And she begins to seal herself in.
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00:05:40,240 --> 00:05:42,800
She has turned the tree hole
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00:05:42,800 --> 00:05:46,800
into a predator-proof fortress.
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00:06:03,200 --> 00:06:05,840
But it's also...
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00:06:05,840 --> 00:06:08,120
..a prison.
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00:06:34,800 --> 00:06:38,160
Her partner, however,
is a regular visitor.
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For the next two months,
he will deliver all her food
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00:06:47,120 --> 00:06:50,000
directly to her door.
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00:07:01,200 --> 00:07:03,840
But she can be fussy.
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00:07:15,720 --> 00:07:19,400
He's going to have his work cut out.
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00:08:12,400 --> 00:08:14,080
HORNBILL CALLS
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Delicious.
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00:08:25,960 --> 00:08:29,800
It may seem that he has been
doing all the work...
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00:08:30,840 --> 00:08:34,120
..But she, too,
has been fully occupied.
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00:08:35,760 --> 00:08:39,200
The food he has brought
has enabled her to produce
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two precious eggs.
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She will keep them safe
for another six weeks
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00:08:50,720 --> 00:08:53,840
until the young have grown
and fledged.
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00:08:56,640 --> 00:08:59,680
And then, both she and they
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00:08:59,680 --> 00:09:02,480
will break out of their confinement.
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00:09:17,200 --> 00:09:19,880
But until then...
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00:09:19,880 --> 00:09:25,480
..this devoted couple are
going to be very busy indeed.
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00:09:41,960 --> 00:09:45,320
The warmth and the moisture
of rainforests
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00:09:45,320 --> 00:09:47,960
enables their inhabitants
to flourish
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00:09:47,960 --> 00:09:50,840
in both numbers and variety.
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00:09:55,600 --> 00:10:00,760
And here, in the Amazon,
live many strange species.
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00:10:02,360 --> 00:10:05,240
SOFT HOOTING
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00:10:08,640 --> 00:10:10,360
This is a treehopper.
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00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:16,440
One of hundreds of different types
in this forest.
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00:10:25,400 --> 00:10:29,400
They not only have
a bizarre appearance...
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..but they also communicate...
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00:10:31,840 --> 00:10:33,680
RESONANT PURRING
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...in a remarkable way.
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00:10:35,960 --> 00:10:39,640
CLICKING AND PURRING
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Vibrating their bodies,
they send signals
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00:10:46,080 --> 00:10:48,320
through the forest plants
they live on.
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00:10:48,320 --> 00:10:51,360
CLICKING AND PURRING
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00:11:00,800 --> 00:11:05,360
Most of these messages we can only
hear by using special microphones.
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00:11:05,360 --> 00:11:08,320
HIGH-PITCHED TONES
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00:11:12,560 --> 00:11:16,960
Each treehopper species has
its own repertoire.
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00:11:16,960 --> 00:11:18,840
LOW-PITCHED HOOTING
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00:11:18,840 --> 00:11:20,560
RESONANT RUMBLING
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00:11:20,560 --> 00:11:24,000
HIGH-PITCHED BUZZING
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00:11:29,400 --> 00:11:31,400
And every sound...
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00:11:31,400 --> 00:11:33,240
PULSING HOOTING
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..has its own particular meaning.
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SHRILL BUZZING
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Whether it is to attract a mate...
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..share information about food...
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LOW WHOOPING
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STUTTERED CLICKING
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..or warn each other about the
arrival of predators.
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00:12:01,040 --> 00:12:03,040
STUTTERED CLICKING
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00:12:04,840 --> 00:12:06,400
SHRILL PURRING
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00:12:08,280 --> 00:12:10,120
LOW PURRING
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00:12:12,400 --> 00:12:16,360
This treehopper mother
communicates with her young,
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00:12:16,360 --> 00:12:19,240
encouraging them to stay together
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00:12:19,240 --> 00:12:21,840
so that she can protect them.
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00:12:29,040 --> 00:12:35,480
For there are plenty here
waiting to eat young treehoppers.
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00:12:38,280 --> 00:12:40,520
Ants...
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00:12:40,520 --> 00:12:41,880
..on the hunt.
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00:12:58,440 --> 00:13:02,720
Treehoppers know how to
defend themselves.
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00:13:06,320 --> 00:13:10,400
But not all threats are
so easily dealt with.
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00:13:19,080 --> 00:13:21,600
An assassin bug.
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00:13:23,680 --> 00:13:26,440
Armed with piercing mouthparts
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00:13:26,440 --> 00:13:29,160
and sticky front legs...
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00:13:35,360 --> 00:13:41,040
...capable of literally sucking
the life out of her entire brood.
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00:13:41,040 --> 00:13:43,480
PURRING AND CLICKING
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00:13:51,800 --> 00:13:55,480
She can try to block
the assassin's path.
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00:13:56,800 --> 00:13:59,120
But she can't guard them all.
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00:14:00,920 --> 00:14:05,680
She needs help from friends
in high places.
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00:14:12,960 --> 00:14:14,520
Bees.
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00:14:43,600 --> 00:14:45,480
They're very aggressive.
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00:14:48,320 --> 00:14:51,560
This is more than the assassin bug
bargained for.
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00:14:53,160 --> 00:14:55,880
Mission accomplished.
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00:14:57,600 --> 00:14:59,760
Her brood are safe.
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00:15:02,040 --> 00:15:05,640
The bees don't protect
the treehoppers for free.
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00:15:07,320 --> 00:15:11,960
A little tickle on
a treehopper's back...
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00:15:11,960 --> 00:15:15,840
..and they exude a sugary liquid.
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00:15:19,960 --> 00:15:22,080
Honeydew.
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00:15:24,320 --> 00:15:27,920
A sweet reward for protecting them.
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00:15:39,480 --> 00:15:42,800
It's just one of the countless ways
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00:15:42,800 --> 00:15:46,760
in which forest species
work together.
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00:16:05,480 --> 00:16:07,840
In the forests of India,
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00:16:07,840 --> 00:16:12,160
you can hear a unique and truly
extraordinary sound.
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00:16:12,160 --> 00:16:15,640
RHYTHMIC WHISTLING
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00:16:21,600 --> 00:16:24,360
These are dholes...
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..wild dogs that whistle.
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00:16:34,600 --> 00:16:39,080
Like treehoppers, they, too,
communicate in secret -
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but for a different reason.
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00:16:44,560 --> 00:16:47,480
DEEP RUMBLING
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00:16:49,400 --> 00:16:54,000
Hunting in a dense teak forest
is difficult...
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00:16:55,640 --> 00:17:00,520
...especially so if your prey is
three times your own size.
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00:17:05,440 --> 00:17:09,360
The only way for dholes to succeed
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00:17:09,360 --> 00:17:11,600
is to work as a team.
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00:17:18,800 --> 00:17:23,040
This family has four growing pups.
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00:17:46,520 --> 00:17:51,560
A chital deer could feed
the entire pack.
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00:17:59,080 --> 00:18:02,000
The pack must get close...
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00:18:05,760 --> 00:18:08,320
...without being detected.
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00:18:16,920 --> 00:18:18,720
GRUNTS
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00:18:20,280 --> 00:18:23,640
CLAMOUR OF ANIMAL CALLS
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00:18:23,640 --> 00:18:26,640
But with eyes and ears everywhere...
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00:18:29,160 --> 00:18:33,520
...the deer are soon aware
of the dogs' presence.
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00:18:42,040 --> 00:18:44,640
SQUEAKING AND RATTLING
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00:18:45,840 --> 00:18:48,320
The pack can't afford to give up.
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00:18:51,040 --> 00:18:53,880
They may have better luck here.
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00:18:57,000 --> 00:19:01,720
The vegetation is dense
and provides better cover.
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00:19:03,840 --> 00:19:08,320
But the dholes could easily
lose track of one another.
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00:19:08,320 --> 00:19:11,680
So they use their unique whistles.
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00:19:14,640 --> 00:19:18,000
SOFT WHISTLING
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00:19:28,280 --> 00:19:32,400
Only dholes can understand
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00:19:32,400 --> 00:19:35,480
these quiet, unobtrusive calls.
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00:19:37,760 --> 00:19:40,800
RHYTHMIC WHISTLING
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00:19:53,240 --> 00:19:58,400
Now they take up their
hunting positions...
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00:20:03,400 --> 00:20:06,360
...even though they can't
see each other.
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00:20:06,360 --> 00:20:08,640
WHISTLING
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00:20:12,760 --> 00:20:16,280
WHISTLING
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00:20:27,880 --> 00:20:30,120
With the deer surrounded...
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00:20:31,640 --> 00:20:34,680
...the dholes wait for the signal
to attack.
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00:20:43,400 --> 00:20:45,400
WHISTLES
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00:20:45,400 --> 00:20:46,960
SHARP YELP
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00:20:54,920 --> 00:20:58,520
Some of the dholes split the herd...
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00:21:02,080 --> 00:21:06,080
..and drive a stag towards
others waiting in ambush.
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00:21:07,680 --> 00:21:10,560
YELPING CALLS
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00:21:39,360 --> 00:21:42,360
The dholes' ability to
communicate so quietly
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00:21:42,360 --> 00:21:44,920
enables them to stay connected,
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00:21:44,920 --> 00:21:49,040
and so hunt successfully in
the tangle of their jungle.
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00:22:08,280 --> 00:22:13,000
The mountainous forests
of central China.
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00:22:16,040 --> 00:22:21,560
Until recently, these were among
the least known of forests.
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00:22:23,720 --> 00:22:26,360
They're full of swirling mists,
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00:22:26,360 --> 00:22:29,120
and few outsiders had any idea
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00:22:29,120 --> 00:22:31,360
of what they might contain.
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00:22:31,360 --> 00:22:33,560
THUNDER RUMBLES
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00:22:37,280 --> 00:22:40,120
Living in such dense vegetation,
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it's difficult to make
yourself seen...
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00:22:43,840 --> 00:22:46,280
..even when you want to be.
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00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:51,960
And that's a problem for this
male Temminck's tragopan.
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00:22:53,440 --> 00:22:56,840
He has lived most of his life alone.
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00:22:59,920 --> 00:23:03,480
And this is his first mating season.
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00:23:03,480 --> 00:23:05,120
TRAGOPAN CHIRPS
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00:23:06,880 --> 00:23:12,360
He needs to make himself conspicuous
in the gloom of the forest floor,
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00:23:12,360 --> 00:23:15,920
and he's found a clearing
where he might do so.
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00:23:19,480 --> 00:23:21,680
A female.
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00:23:27,760 --> 00:23:29,040
TRAGOPAN SQUAWKS
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00:23:32,080 --> 00:23:35,200
She, too, is looking for a mate.
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00:23:38,000 --> 00:23:40,680
This could be his moment.
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00:24:05,880 --> 00:24:07,640
Oh, dear.
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00:24:07,640 --> 00:24:09,360
TRAGOPAN CHIRPS SOFTLY
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00:24:09,360 --> 00:24:11,280
Stage fright.
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00:24:16,760 --> 00:24:18,080
SHRILL SQUAWKING
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00:24:18,080 --> 00:24:20,120
And who is this?
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00:24:22,280 --> 00:24:25,200
A male golden pheasant.
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00:24:27,520 --> 00:24:29,920
He, too, has come to
this clearing...
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00:24:29,920 --> 00:24:31,600
PHEASANT SQUAWKS
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00:24:31,600 --> 00:24:34,120
...to attract a female.
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00:24:39,200 --> 00:24:43,560
And he seems a little
more confident.
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00:25:10,720 --> 00:25:14,040
So that is how it's done.
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00:25:19,040 --> 00:25:22,600
The tragopan might still
have a chance.
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00:25:22,600 --> 00:25:24,680
Here is a new female.
196
00:25:26,840 --> 00:25:29,080
But is she interested?
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00:25:36,360 --> 00:25:38,760
It's time to be bold.
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00:25:40,640 --> 00:25:43,560
RHYTHMIC RATTLING
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00:25:49,280 --> 00:25:52,120
He pumps up a pair of horns
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00:25:52,120 --> 00:25:54,440
and a multicoloured bib.
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00:25:57,840 --> 00:26:00,320
It's a sight to be wondered at.
202
00:26:05,960 --> 00:26:09,640
And it has never before been
filmed in the wild.
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00:26:16,320 --> 00:26:18,760
RATTLING
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00:26:46,560 --> 00:26:48,400
Not today.
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00:26:50,880 --> 00:26:53,280
How deflating.
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00:26:56,720 --> 00:26:58,200
TRAGOPAN CHIRPS SOFTLY
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00:27:09,240 --> 00:27:14,240
The temperate rainforests
of western Canada.
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00:27:18,000 --> 00:27:22,400
Some of the trees here
are 1,000 years old.
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00:27:40,680 --> 00:27:45,440
It's autumn, and the beginning
of a spectacle that each year
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00:27:45,440 --> 00:27:49,880
transforms this forest
and all that lives in it.
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00:27:58,320 --> 00:28:02,720
After years at sea,
thousands of Pacific salmon
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00:28:02,720 --> 00:28:06,480
are returning to these streams
to breed.
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00:28:11,800 --> 00:28:13,200
SOFT GRUNT
214
00:28:13,200 --> 00:28:17,680
And they attract the forest's
rarest resident.
215
00:28:36,760 --> 00:28:39,200
A spirit bear.
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00:28:41,600 --> 00:28:45,120
A white variant of the black bear.
217
00:28:55,480 --> 00:28:59,080
Fewer than 150 exist,
218
00:28:59,080 --> 00:29:01,280
and they're found only here.
219
00:29:11,000 --> 00:29:16,720
This female has fished for salmon
here for 20 years.
220
00:29:43,960 --> 00:29:46,080
Get your timing right...
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00:29:49,160 --> 00:29:52,080
..and there can be great rewards.
222
00:29:59,200 --> 00:30:02,800
In her youth, she was, in fact,
even more successful
223
00:30:02,800 --> 00:30:05,560
than the black bears.
224
00:30:12,600 --> 00:30:16,240
Perhaps her pale coat makes it
difficult for the fish to see her
225
00:30:16,240 --> 00:30:18,760
against the bright sky,
226
00:30:18,760 --> 00:30:21,280
and that could give her
an advantage.
227
00:30:27,880 --> 00:30:31,000
But now she is old,
228
00:30:31,000 --> 00:30:34,680
and this year she's finding it hard.
229
00:31:01,600 --> 00:31:06,520
Her fishing skills, however,
haven't totally deserted her.
230
00:31:10,720 --> 00:31:14,040
This annual feast helps
her to fatten,
231
00:31:14,040 --> 00:31:16,520
ready for the winter ahead.
232
00:31:21,800 --> 00:31:25,840
But it also helps the patch of
forest where she lives.
233
00:31:28,240 --> 00:31:33,240
This female has an unusual
relationship with the forest.
234
00:31:37,320 --> 00:31:41,920
Every fish carcass
she leaves behind decays,
235
00:31:41,920 --> 00:31:46,040
releasing nutrients that soak
into the soil.
236
00:31:50,720 --> 00:31:52,440
And there...
237
00:31:55,280 --> 00:31:59,760
..they are collected by
a network of fungi.
238
00:32:14,600 --> 00:32:19,080
The threads attach themselves
to the trees' roots.
239
00:32:22,680 --> 00:32:25,800
And nutrients from the fish,
collected by the fungi,
240
00:32:25,800 --> 00:32:29,120
are then passed on to the trees.
241
00:32:31,040 --> 00:32:33,840
As a consequence,
the forest around the river
242
00:32:33,840 --> 00:32:37,160
grows three times faster
than elsewhere.
243
00:32:46,800 --> 00:32:52,120
And some trees here become
as tall as any in the world...
244
00:33:00,160 --> 00:33:05,560
..and provide spirit bears
with a healthy forest home.
245
00:33:21,920 --> 00:33:28,280
We now know that such relationships
exist in forests all over the world.
246
00:33:32,920 --> 00:33:35,840
At the heart of these
many connections
247
00:33:35,840 --> 00:33:39,040
stand giant trees, like this one.
248
00:33:40,720 --> 00:33:42,960
A kapok.
249
00:33:45,480 --> 00:33:50,160
It started life as a seed
some 200 years ago.
250
00:33:53,440 --> 00:33:58,000
Now it towers 60 metres above
the forest floor...
251
00:33:59,880 --> 00:34:04,760
..and transports 1,000 litres
of nutrient-filled water
252
00:34:04,760 --> 00:34:10,560
from its roots up to its canopy
every day.
253
00:34:16,600 --> 00:34:21,040
So this giant gives life to others.
254
00:34:30,000 --> 00:34:33,200
A whole community of animals
and plants
255
00:34:33,200 --> 00:34:37,080
depends on the wellbeing
of this one tree.
256
00:34:39,040 --> 00:34:42,080
CHAINSAW BUZZES
257
00:35:22,600 --> 00:35:26,480
A single cut made in
just a few moments
258
00:35:26,480 --> 00:35:31,000
has broken thousands of
long-established connections.
259
00:35:39,960 --> 00:35:42,640
Across the world's forests,
260
00:35:42,640 --> 00:35:47,400
this story is being repeated
endlessly.
261
00:36:00,720 --> 00:36:03,880
15 billion trees
262
00:36:03,880 --> 00:36:07,320
are cut down every year.
263
00:36:17,880 --> 00:36:21,520
Every one of these trees is,
in itself,
264
00:36:21,520 --> 00:36:24,320
an intricate ecosystem.
265
00:36:36,640 --> 00:36:40,640
But here in Brazil,
they're being replaced
266
00:36:40,640 --> 00:36:45,040
by plantations of a single
species of tree.
267
00:36:54,040 --> 00:36:56,520
Originally from Australia...
268
00:36:58,240 --> 00:37:01,600
..these eucalypts are unable
to build relationships
269
00:37:01,600 --> 00:37:05,080
with most of the native plants
and animals.
270
00:37:12,640 --> 00:37:16,520
And, worse, these newcomers
grow so rapidly
271
00:37:16,520 --> 00:37:19,360
they extract nutrients from the soil
272
00:37:19,360 --> 00:37:22,520
faster than they can be replaced.
273
00:37:31,120 --> 00:37:34,960
And what was once a rich
and complex world...
274
00:37:37,280 --> 00:37:42,280
..becomes little more than
a green desert.
275
00:38:16,320 --> 00:38:18,960
And at just five years of age...
276
00:38:20,120 --> 00:38:22,360
..their lives are ended.
277
00:38:25,120 --> 00:38:29,000
They're felled and taken away.
278
00:38:39,480 --> 00:38:45,080
Their wood is then pulped
to make paper.
279
00:38:56,240 --> 00:39:00,320
And all that remains of
the rich rainforest
280
00:39:00,320 --> 00:39:03,720
are a few tiny patches.
281
00:39:12,240 --> 00:39:17,040
Patches so small that few of
the original inhabitants
282
00:39:17,040 --> 00:39:20,400
are able to survive in them.
283
00:39:27,400 --> 00:39:30,640
Uganda, East Africa.
284
00:39:41,960 --> 00:39:45,000
This small group of chimpanzees
285
00:39:45,000 --> 00:39:48,320
have a detailed knowledge
of the forest territory
286
00:39:48,320 --> 00:39:52,640
that they inherited from
previous generations.
287
00:40:02,560 --> 00:40:06,120
They know the best places
to shelter,
288
00:40:06,120 --> 00:40:07,960
to raise their young...
289
00:40:11,320 --> 00:40:13,080
..and to feed.
290
00:40:32,400 --> 00:40:35,560
This fruiting tree
291
00:40:35,560 --> 00:40:40,680
cannot by itself sustain
the chimps for long.
292
00:40:56,000 --> 00:40:58,240
CHIMPANZEE CALLS
293
00:40:58,240 --> 00:41:02,880
The alpha male signals
that it's time to move on.
294
00:41:02,880 --> 00:41:06,120
GRUNTING AND SCREECHING
295
00:41:08,520 --> 00:41:12,360
Where he goes, others will follow.
296
00:41:30,400 --> 00:41:34,360
He leads them not to
another fruiting tree...
297
00:41:36,320 --> 00:41:39,680
..but into a new world.
298
00:41:41,960 --> 00:41:45,320
TRAFFIC HUMS
299
00:41:59,200 --> 00:42:02,720
This road, only recently built,
300
00:42:02,720 --> 00:42:05,880
has cut through their territory.
301
00:42:14,880 --> 00:42:18,240
The alpha male is cautious.
302
00:42:26,200 --> 00:42:30,320
His own mother was killed
on this road.
303
00:42:41,400 --> 00:42:43,040
HORN BLARES
304
00:42:47,520 --> 00:42:49,600
HORN HONKS
305
00:42:52,440 --> 00:42:55,240
He makes sure it's clear
before crossing
306
00:42:55,240 --> 00:42:58,480
with the slower members
of his family.
307
00:43:17,040 --> 00:43:20,920
If the group is to get
what they need...
308
00:43:24,360 --> 00:43:28,080
..they will have to go against
their natural instincts...
309
00:43:30,400 --> 00:43:33,560
..and approach humans.
310
00:43:35,720 --> 00:43:38,120
PIG GRUNTS
311
00:44:02,040 --> 00:44:05,840
But their new neighbours
are friendly.
312
00:44:11,640 --> 00:44:15,400
And they allow the chimps
to collect...
313
00:44:17,520 --> 00:44:19,520
..jackfruit,
314
00:44:19,520 --> 00:44:22,600
the largest of all tree fruits.
315
00:44:28,960 --> 00:44:33,920
Jackfruit grow all year round
in people's gardens.
316
00:44:46,760 --> 00:44:49,040
And they're more nutritious
317
00:44:49,040 --> 00:44:51,800
than the limited amount of wild food
318
00:44:51,800 --> 00:44:56,520
the chimps can now find in what
remains of their forest.
319
00:45:07,960 --> 00:45:10,520
But this is a new world...
320
00:45:11,800 --> 00:45:14,600
..and a new relationship.
321
00:45:19,280 --> 00:45:23,160
New boundaries need to be
established.
322
00:45:26,120 --> 00:45:28,840
Some of the chimps start
to help themselves
323
00:45:28,840 --> 00:45:30,960
to people's crops.
324
00:45:32,720 --> 00:45:34,800
DOGS BARK
325
00:45:40,160 --> 00:45:42,840
SCREECHING AND GRUNTING
326
00:45:45,280 --> 00:45:48,440
CLAMOUR OF ANIMAL CALLS
327
00:45:59,760 --> 00:46:01,840
WINGS FLUTTER
328
00:46:04,600 --> 00:46:07,280
They have outstayed their welcome,
329
00:46:07,280 --> 00:46:11,240
and the alpha male decides
that it's time to leave.
330
00:46:11,240 --> 00:46:13,720
CHIMPANZEES SCREECH
331
00:46:31,520 --> 00:46:35,920
The chimps make this dangerous
journey every day.
332
00:46:54,040 --> 00:46:56,560
But these highly
intelligent animals,
333
00:46:56,560 --> 00:46:59,120
our closest living relatives,
334
00:46:59,120 --> 00:47:01,720
have managed, just about,
335
00:47:01,720 --> 00:47:04,120
to carve out a place
for themselves
336
00:47:04,120 --> 00:47:06,960
in this changing world.
337
00:47:12,040 --> 00:47:14,520
Animals have maintained
338
00:47:14,520 --> 00:47:17,680
a long-established relationship
with forests.
339
00:47:22,120 --> 00:47:26,240
But as we continue to break
our connections with them,
340
00:47:26,240 --> 00:47:29,000
the question is,
341
00:47:29,000 --> 00:47:31,480
for how much longer will
they survive?
342
00:47:33,600 --> 00:47:38,600
Surely, the time has come
to rebuild them.
343
00:48:01,560 --> 00:48:03,640
DAVID ATTENBOROUGH:
Over many years,
344
00:48:03,640 --> 00:48:06,840
I've been lucky enough to watch
chimps in their natural home,
345
00:48:06,840 --> 00:48:10,120
such as here in the thick forests
of West Africa.
346
00:48:11,480 --> 00:48:13,760
ARCHIVE: Chimpanzees.
347
00:48:13,760 --> 00:48:16,640
A peaceful scene of jungle harmony.
348
00:48:18,160 --> 00:48:20,680
The experienced male...
349
00:48:20,680 --> 00:48:23,160
..is sitting right there.
350
00:48:23,160 --> 00:48:26,320
DAVID: But the lives of
many chimpanzees
351
00:48:26,320 --> 00:48:28,760
are now changing dramatically.
352
00:48:44,200 --> 00:48:47,960
Here, in Uganda,
over the last decade,
353
00:48:47,960 --> 00:48:52,280
they have lost over 80%
of their forest home.
354
00:48:58,800 --> 00:49:02,600
They don't live in a protected area.
355
00:49:04,680 --> 00:49:08,760
To survive here,
they have to live alongside
356
00:49:08,760 --> 00:49:13,040
the 200 or so human families
who farm here.
357
00:49:14,840 --> 00:49:17,520
The chimps always come
from the forest.
358
00:49:18,760 --> 00:49:21,120
They come to eat jackfruit
from my land.
359
00:49:22,760 --> 00:49:25,600
They know us by our faces,
360
00:49:25,600 --> 00:49:28,840
as we know them by their faces,
as well.
361
00:49:30,160 --> 00:49:33,560
To tell the story of this
remarkable chimp group,
362
00:49:33,560 --> 00:49:37,720
the Planet Earth team are working
with these residents.
363
00:49:41,440 --> 00:49:43,360
SCREECHING
364
00:49:43,360 --> 00:49:44,920
CREW MEMBER: Who was that, Tom?
365
00:49:44,920 --> 00:49:46,920
This one was Araali.
366
00:49:48,840 --> 00:49:53,880
Tom is part of the Bulindi
Chimpanzee and Community Project.
367
00:49:55,800 --> 00:50:00,400
He's been studying the chimps every
day for the last 15 years...
368
00:50:01,720 --> 00:50:04,920
..and has seen the change
first-hand.
369
00:50:06,000 --> 00:50:08,080
Very many things have changed.
370
00:50:08,080 --> 00:50:11,760
When chimpanzees were seeing people,
they would run.
371
00:50:11,760 --> 00:50:13,760
Run very quickly and go.
372
00:50:13,760 --> 00:50:16,400
But now they just stand.
373
00:50:16,400 --> 00:50:18,440
Because everywhere they go,
374
00:50:18,440 --> 00:50:20,640
they find a person.
375
00:50:23,200 --> 00:50:27,520
Chimps are normally tricky
to film in the wild.
376
00:50:27,520 --> 00:50:31,040
But in this human world,
the crew are surprised
377
00:50:31,040 --> 00:50:33,920
by how easy it is to approach them.
378
00:50:37,040 --> 00:50:39,480
CREW MEMBER: Another one
coming up the path.
379
00:50:42,840 --> 00:50:44,800
But back in the forest,
380
00:50:44,800 --> 00:50:47,200
it's a different story.
381
00:50:50,280 --> 00:50:54,200
Here, the chimps seem wary
of the newcomers.
382
00:51:01,680 --> 00:51:03,160
CREW MEMBER GRUNTS
383
00:51:03,160 --> 00:51:05,040
There's a ditch there.
384
00:51:12,720 --> 00:51:15,120
All the crew get to see...
385
00:51:17,840 --> 00:51:20,000
..is a lot of bottoms.
386
00:51:21,760 --> 00:51:26,600
This afternoon, the chimps have been
taking us on a wild-goose chase.
387
00:51:26,600 --> 00:51:29,560
They've crossed the river
and then they've crossed back,
388
00:51:29,560 --> 00:51:31,960
gone past us
while we're in the woods,
389
00:51:31,960 --> 00:51:34,200
and then now
they've disappeared again.
390
00:51:35,840 --> 00:51:38,960
When we don't have chimps...
391
00:51:38,960 --> 00:51:42,000
..we film goats!
392
00:51:48,840 --> 00:51:51,600
Here, in the chimps' forest home,
393
00:51:51,600 --> 00:51:54,960
it's going to take time
to earn the group's trust...
394
00:51:54,960 --> 00:51:58,080
DISTANT SCREECHING
395
00:51:58,080 --> 00:51:59,960
I think they found Moses.
396
00:52:01,120 --> 00:52:03,040
..and get to know one another.
397
00:52:03,040 --> 00:52:04,960
This is Jack.
398
00:52:06,240 --> 00:52:10,080
After two weeks, things are
improving on the ground.
399
00:52:11,880 --> 00:52:16,400
But what will the chimps think
of the crew up in the trees?
400
00:52:20,160 --> 00:52:23,880
I can see a bunch of
chimp faces looking up at me.
401
00:52:23,880 --> 00:52:25,680
This is a new experience
for them.
402
00:52:25,680 --> 00:52:28,760
I doubt they've ever seen a human
in a tree before.
403
00:52:28,760 --> 00:52:31,880
So, hopefully, they accept me.
404
00:52:56,240 --> 00:52:58,640
After hours of waiting...
405
00:52:59,800 --> 00:53:01,560
..success!
406
00:53:05,120 --> 00:53:07,680
All the chimps that were
on the ground looking up at me
407
00:53:07,680 --> 00:53:09,600
are now happily in the tree,
408
00:53:09,600 --> 00:53:12,560
which is a really good sign
that they've accepted me.
409
00:53:14,440 --> 00:53:17,280
It's the first time that we've been
able to see at their level
410
00:53:17,280 --> 00:53:19,240
while they're feeding.
411
00:53:40,040 --> 00:53:42,560
For the crew,
it has taken a long time
412
00:53:42,560 --> 00:53:44,720
to gain the chimps' acceptance.
413
00:53:46,640 --> 00:53:49,760
But, in fact, the chimps here
have shown that they can
414
00:53:49,760 --> 00:53:52,480
respond quickly to the presence
of people.
415
00:53:54,960 --> 00:53:58,680
Chimpanzees are highly intelligent.
416
00:53:58,680 --> 00:54:01,240
If you cut down the forest,
417
00:54:01,240 --> 00:54:04,240
well, chimps will start
eating human crops.
418
00:54:04,240 --> 00:54:09,120
If you divide their range up
with roads and, you know...
419
00:54:09,120 --> 00:54:12,640
Well, chimps will end up just
learning to cross the roads.
420
00:54:15,080 --> 00:54:18,920
The animals can adapt to an
increasingly human environment.
421
00:54:18,920 --> 00:54:23,560
The question is, can people
accommodate an animal like a chimp?
422
00:54:25,680 --> 00:54:28,040
LOUD SCREECHING
423
00:54:33,960 --> 00:54:36,480
Chimpanzees can be dangerous.
424
00:54:36,480 --> 00:54:39,040
CHIMPANZEES SCREECH
425
00:54:39,040 --> 00:54:43,240
Living alongside them is
a mixed experience.
426
00:54:58,320 --> 00:55:02,560
The local community and the project
have been working together
427
00:55:02,560 --> 00:55:06,200
to try to decrease the impact
of these problems.
428
00:55:11,160 --> 00:55:13,840
Over the last eight years,
429
00:55:13,840 --> 00:55:16,040
Lilian and her family
430
00:55:16,040 --> 00:55:18,800
have planted native seedlings
on her land
431
00:55:18,800 --> 00:55:21,280
and left her patch of forest
to regrow.
432
00:55:22,520 --> 00:55:25,920
If we cut it, they come and
sleep in our houses,
433
00:55:25,920 --> 00:55:28,640
so we should leave that place
for them.
434
00:55:31,320 --> 00:55:34,760
If you leave them and
you don't disturb them,
435
00:55:34,760 --> 00:55:37,400
they are peaceful animals.
436
00:55:41,760 --> 00:55:45,120
With other residents following suit,
437
00:55:45,120 --> 00:55:49,960
more of the forest is showing
positive signs of return.
438
00:55:53,680 --> 00:55:56,120
There is a long way to go,
439
00:55:56,120 --> 00:56:00,280
and the future for these chimps
remains uncertain.
440
00:56:03,640 --> 00:56:07,520
But where peaceful coexistence
can be built,
441
00:56:07,520 --> 00:56:09,680
there is hope.
442
00:56:19,000 --> 00:56:22,000
Next time...
443
00:56:22,000 --> 00:56:26,000
..animals battle the elements
in a world of extremes...
444
00:56:29,160 --> 00:56:31,760
..where life exists on
a knife edge...
445
00:56:34,880 --> 00:56:38,280
..in Earth's greatest
natural wonders.
446
00:56:44,160 --> 00:56:47,560
Habitat Explorer brings animals
and their habitats to life.
447
00:56:47,560 --> 00:56:51,280
Explore this free interactive,
and make origami animals.
448
00:56:51,280 --> 00:56:55,320
Go to bbc.co.uk/planetearth3
449
00:56:55,320 --> 00:56:57,240
and follow the links to
the Open University.
450
00:56:57,240 --> 00:56:59,480
Or to order a free printed version,
451
00:56:59,480 --> 00:57:03,640
visit the website or call
the numbers on the screen.
33361
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