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1
00:01:54,091 --> 00:01:57,216
As we begin, I believe you have
a statement to read into the record.
2
00:01:59,341 --> 00:02:00,424
Yes, your honor.
3
00:02:00,591 --> 00:02:03,633
We're not judges, Doctor.
-No.
4
00:02:10,133 --> 00:02:11,883
Members of the security board,
5
00:02:13,133 --> 00:02:16,883
the so-called interrogatory information
in your indictment of me
6
00:02:16,966 --> 00:02:19,758
cannot be fairly understood
except in the context
7
00:02:19,841 --> 00:02:21,800
of my life, and my work.
8
00:02:22,633 --> 00:02:24,050
How long did he testify?
9
00:02:25,258 --> 00:02:26,716
Honestly, I forget.
10
00:02:28,550 --> 00:02:30,425
The whole hearing took a month.
11
00:02:30,633 --> 00:02:33,591
An ordeal.
-Oh, I've only read the transcripts.
12
00:02:36,633 --> 00:02:38,966
Who'd want to justify their whole life?
-You weren't there?
13
00:02:39,341 --> 00:02:40,758
As chairman, I wasn't allowed to be.
14
00:02:41,383 --> 00:02:43,133
Are they really going to ask about it?
15
00:02:44,008 --> 00:02:45,466
It was years ago.
16
00:02:45,508 --> 00:02:46,925
Four years ago.
-Five.
17
00:02:48,175 --> 00:02:49,801
Oppenheimer still divides America.
18
00:02:49,824 --> 00:02:51,824
The committee's going to want
to know where you stood.
19
00:02:52,966 --> 00:02:56,425
Senator Thurmond asked me to say
not to feel that you're on trial.
20
00:02:56,591 --> 00:02:59,550
Oh, funny. I didn't,
until you just said that.
21
00:02:59,883 --> 00:03:01,425
Really, Mr. Strauss...
-It's Admiral.
22
00:03:01,591 --> 00:03:04,841
Admiral. Admiral Strauss,
this is a formality.
23
00:03:04,883 --> 00:03:06,966
President Eisenhower has
asked you to be in his cabinet.
24
00:03:07,175 --> 00:03:08,967
The Senate really has no choice
but to confirm him.
25
00:03:08,990 --> 00:03:10,758
And if they bring up Oppenheimer?
26
00:03:11,383 --> 00:03:13,717
When they bring up Oppenheimer,
you answer honestly,
27
00:03:13,740 --> 00:03:15,800
no senator can deny you did your duty.
28
00:03:16,091 --> 00:03:17,550
It'll be uncomfortable.
29
00:03:18,553 --> 00:03:20,091
Who'd want to justify their whole life?
30
00:03:25,883 --> 00:03:27,425
Why did you leave the United States?
31
00:03:30,133 --> 00:03:33,425
I... I wanted to study the new physics.
32
00:03:33,633 --> 00:03:34,883
Was there nowhere here?
33
00:03:35,800 --> 00:03:38,633
I thought Berkeley had the leading
theoretical physics department.
34
00:03:39,466 --> 00:03:41,300
Yes, once I built it.
35
00:03:42,050 --> 00:03:43,301
But first I had to go to Europe.
36
00:03:43,324 --> 00:03:46,383
I went to Cambridge,
to study under Patrick Blackett.
37
00:03:46,716 --> 00:03:48,466
Were you happier there than in America?
38
00:03:49,800 --> 00:03:51,133
Happier?
-Yes.
39
00:03:55,591 --> 00:03:56,591
No.
40
00:03:57,050 --> 00:03:58,258
No, I, uh...
41
00:04:01,133 --> 00:04:03,133
I was homesick and...
42
00:04:04,049 --> 00:04:05,716
emotionally immature...
43
00:04:07,050 --> 00:04:09,425
Troubled by visions of a...
44
00:04:10,175 --> 00:04:12,466
hidden universe.
45
00:04:24,050 --> 00:04:25,133
Useless in the lab.
46
00:04:30,133 --> 00:04:31,591
Christ, Oppenheimer.
47
00:04:32,795 --> 00:04:33,966
Have you had any sleep?
48
00:04:36,591 --> 00:04:37,592
Start again.
49
00:04:38,091 --> 00:04:39,383
I need to go to a lecture, sir.
50
00:04:40,425 --> 00:04:41,425
Why?
51
00:04:41,966 --> 00:04:42,966
It's Niels Bohr.
52
00:04:46,050 --> 00:04:47,216
I completely forgot.
53
00:04:48,341 --> 00:04:50,133
Alright! Let's go.
54
00:04:52,716 --> 00:04:54,091
Oh no, not you, Oppenheimer.
55
00:04:54,425 --> 00:04:55,758
You finish coating those plates.
56
00:05:36,216 --> 00:05:39,926
Quantum physics is not a step forward.
57
00:05:40,008 --> 00:05:43,758
It is a new way to understand reality.
58
00:05:43,865 --> 00:05:45,676
Einstein's opened the door.
59
00:05:45,699 --> 00:05:49,900
Now we are peering through,
seeing a world inside our world,
60
00:05:50,091 --> 00:05:55,675
a world of energy and paradox
that not everyone can accept.
61
00:06:39,175 --> 00:06:40,174
You alright?
62
00:06:41,175 --> 00:06:43,508
Nils, meet J. Robert Oppenheimer.
63
00:06:43,883 --> 00:06:45,383
What's the J stand for?
64
00:06:45,591 --> 00:06:46,926
Nothing, apparently.
65
00:06:46,949 --> 00:06:49,425
You were at my lecture.
You asked the only good question.
66
00:06:49,633 --> 00:06:51,050
No one's denying his insight.
67
00:06:51,216 --> 00:06:53,591
It's his laboratory work that
leaves a little to be desired.
68
00:06:54,925 --> 00:06:55,926
I heard you give the same answer...
69
00:06:55,949 --> 00:06:57,966
At Harvard, yes, and you
asked the same question.
70
00:06:58,550 --> 00:06:59,633
Why ask again?
71
00:06:59,791 --> 00:07:01,050
I hadn't liked your answer.
72
00:07:02,693 --> 00:07:05,133
Did you like it better yesterday?
-A lot.
73
00:07:05,436 --> 00:07:09,925
You can lift a stone without being
ready for the snake that's revealed.
74
00:07:10,175 --> 00:07:11,633
Now it seems you're ready.
75
00:07:12,383 --> 00:07:13,800
But you don't enjoy the lab.
76
00:07:14,966 --> 00:07:17,551
So get out of Cambridge,
with its beakers and potions.
77
00:07:17,574 --> 00:07:19,758
Go somewhere they'll let you think.
78
00:07:21,175 --> 00:07:22,175
Where?
79
00:07:23,800 --> 00:07:25,466
Göttingen.
-Born.
80
00:07:25,550 --> 00:07:26,567
Born.
81
00:07:26,591 --> 00:07:30,633
Get to Germany, study under Max Born,
learn the ways of theory.
82
00:07:31,425 --> 00:07:32,425
I'll send word.
83
00:07:33,383 --> 00:07:34,383
Worm hole.
84
00:07:36,841 --> 00:07:37,800
How's your mathematics?
85
00:07:37,841 --> 00:07:39,925
Not good enough for the
physicist he wants to be.
86
00:07:40,050 --> 00:07:42,384
Algebra's like sheet music,
87
00:07:42,407 --> 00:07:46,008
the important thing isn't can you
read music, it's can you hear it.
88
00:07:46,300 --> 00:07:48,383
Can you hear the music, Robert?
89
00:07:49,882 --> 00:07:50,885
Yes, I can.
90
00:09:27,200 --> 00:09:28,800
The senator from Wyoming.
91
00:09:29,742 --> 00:09:32,425
Admiral Strauss, I'm interested
in your relationship
92
00:09:32,466 --> 00:09:34,133
with Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
93
00:09:34,344 --> 00:09:36,091
You met him in 1947.
94
00:09:37,026 --> 00:09:38,008
Correct.
95
00:09:38,466 --> 00:09:40,466
You were a commissioner
of the Atomic Energy Commission.
96
00:09:41,050 --> 00:09:44,769
I was, but I actually
met Robert in my capacity
97
00:09:44,816 --> 00:09:48,966
as board member of the Institute
for Advanced Study at Princeton. It was...
98
00:09:49,592 --> 00:09:52,858
after the war, he was world-renowned
as the great man of physics,
99
00:09:52,925 --> 00:09:57,175
and I was determined to
get him to run the Institute.
100
00:10:06,841 --> 00:10:09,341
Dr. Oppenheimer. An honor.
101
00:10:09,633 --> 00:10:10,634
Mr. Strauss.
102
00:10:10,784 --> 00:10:11,800
It's pronounced "Strauss".
103
00:10:13,085 --> 00:10:14,426
"Oppenheimer", "Oppenheimer"...
104
00:10:14,467 --> 00:10:16,341
Either way you say it,
they know I'm Jewish.
105
00:10:17,708 --> 00:10:20,341
I'm president of Temple
Emanu-El in Manhattan.
106
00:10:20,633 --> 00:10:22,925
"Strauss" is just
a Southern pronunciation.
107
00:10:23,392 --> 00:10:27,091
Anyway, welcome to the Institute.
I think you'll be very happy here.
108
00:10:27,414 --> 00:10:28,675
Yes, well, you'll love the commute.
109
00:10:29,258 --> 00:10:31,425
The position comes with that
house for you and your wife,
110
00:10:31,919 --> 00:10:33,675
and your... is it two children?
111
00:10:33,966 --> 00:10:34,841
Yes, two.
112
00:10:35,362 --> 00:10:37,425
I'm a great admirer of your work.
113
00:10:38,024 --> 00:10:40,425
You're a physicist
by training, Mr. Strauss?
114
00:10:40,466 --> 00:10:42,551
I'm sorry, uh, common room,
four o'clock tea.
115
00:10:42,574 --> 00:10:45,214
No, I'm not trained
in physics or anything else.
116
00:10:45,258 --> 00:10:46,276
I'm a self-made man.
117
00:10:46,341 --> 00:10:47,841
Ah, I can relate to that.
118
00:10:48,550 --> 00:10:50,341
Really?
-Yes, my father was one.
119
00:10:52,216 --> 00:10:54,466
And this would be your office.
120
00:11:04,216 --> 00:11:06,050
I'm told he's there in most afternoons.
121
00:11:06,591 --> 00:11:08,343
You know, I've always wondered
122
00:11:08,383 --> 00:11:11,300
why you didn't involve him
in the Manhattan Project.
123
00:11:13,598 --> 00:11:15,258
Greatest scientific mind of our time.
124
00:11:15,919 --> 00:11:16,925
Of his time.
125
00:11:17,959 --> 00:11:20,050
Einstein published his
Theory of Relativity
126
00:11:20,091 --> 00:11:22,633
more than 40 years ago now.
127
00:11:23,925 --> 00:11:25,925
Could never embrace
the quantum world it revealed.
128
00:11:26,508 --> 00:11:27,758
"God doesn't play dice."
129
00:11:28,602 --> 00:11:29,592
Precisely.
130
00:11:30,091 --> 00:11:32,591
You never thought of studying
physics formally, Mr. Strauss?
131
00:11:32,800 --> 00:11:35,883
I had offers, but...
I chose to sell shoes.
132
00:11:35,966 --> 00:11:38,300
Lewis Strauss was once
a lowly shoe salesman.
133
00:11:39,631 --> 00:11:40,925
No, just a shoe salesman.
134
00:11:45,175 --> 00:11:47,634
I'd love to introduce you.
-No need.
135
00:11:48,883 --> 00:11:50,133
I've known him for years.
136
00:12:12,175 --> 00:12:13,177
Albert.
137
00:12:18,095 --> 00:12:21,883
What was that? What did you say to him?
138
00:12:24,133 --> 00:12:25,133
Oh, he's fine.
139
00:12:27,383 --> 00:12:31,883
Mr. Strauss, there are... things
in my past you ought to be aware of.
140
00:12:32,107 --> 00:12:33,841
Well, as chairman of the AEC,
141
00:12:33,883 --> 00:12:36,515
I have access to your
security file. I've read it.
142
00:12:36,528 --> 00:12:38,086
You're not worried?
-No.
143
00:12:38,133 --> 00:12:40,425
Why would I be worried, after everything
you've done for your country?
144
00:12:40,468 --> 00:12:42,550
Well, times change, Mr. Strauss.
145
00:12:42,716 --> 00:12:44,425
Well, the purpose of this institute
146
00:12:44,508 --> 00:12:46,633
is to provide a haven
for independent minds.
147
00:12:47,851 --> 00:12:49,087
That's you.
148
00:12:49,131 --> 00:12:50,490
You are the man for the job.
149
00:12:51,508 --> 00:12:52,592
Well, then I'll consider it.
150
00:12:53,633 --> 00:12:55,300
I'll see you at the AEC meeting tomorrow.
151
00:13:00,520 --> 00:13:03,008
This is one of the most prestigious
appointments in the country.
152
00:13:03,216 --> 00:13:04,883
Yes, and a great commute.
153
00:13:05,883 --> 00:13:07,216
That's why I'm considering it.
154
00:13:08,765 --> 00:13:12,405
So Dr. Oppenheimer brought
your attention to his past associations
155
00:13:12,591 --> 00:13:13,924
before you appointed him?
156
00:13:14,050 --> 00:13:15,048
Yes.
157
00:13:15,550 --> 00:13:16,841
And they didn't concern you?
158
00:13:16,966 --> 00:13:19,883
Just then I was entirely consumed
with what he must have said
159
00:13:19,968 --> 00:13:21,716
to Einstein to sour him on me.
160
00:13:25,791 --> 00:13:26,801
But later?
161
00:13:27,091 --> 00:13:28,633
Well, we all know what happened later.
162
00:13:29,466 --> 00:13:31,426
Doctor, your time in Europe,
163
00:13:31,466 --> 00:13:34,508
you seem to meet with a wide
range of other countries' physicists.
164
00:13:34,689 --> 00:13:35,698
Yes, that's right.
165
00:13:35,910 --> 00:13:36,925
Any Russians?
166
00:13:39,011 --> 00:13:41,676
None that spring to mind.
If you'll just allow me
167
00:13:41,716 --> 00:13:43,508
to continue with my statement...
-Mr. Robb,
168
00:13:43,552 --> 00:13:45,925
you'll have ample opportunity
to cross-examine.
169
00:13:49,050 --> 00:13:53,800
After Göttingen, I moved on to Leiden,
in Holland, where I first met Isidor Rabi.
170
00:13:54,966 --> 00:13:55,966
Excuse me.
171
00:14:00,883 --> 00:14:03,258
A yank. Lecturing on the new physics.
172
00:14:03,425 --> 00:14:04,420
This I have to hear.
173
00:14:04,506 --> 00:14:06,133
I'm an American myself.
174
00:14:06,716 --> 00:14:07,841
How surprising.
175
00:14:08,998 --> 00:14:10,966
Let me know if you need
any help with the English.
176
00:14:25,258 --> 00:14:26,466
Wait, what's he saying?
177
00:14:38,133 --> 00:14:39,132
No, thank you.
178
00:14:39,175 --> 00:14:40,425
It's a long way to Zurich.
179
00:14:41,091 --> 00:14:43,841
If you get any skinnier, we're gonna
lose you between the seat cushions.
180
00:14:44,508 --> 00:14:46,595
I'm Rabi.
-Oppenheimer.
181
00:14:46,639 --> 00:14:48,300
I caught your lecture on molecules.
182
00:14:49,061 --> 00:14:50,050
Caught some of it.
183
00:14:51,202 --> 00:14:53,258
We're a couple of New York Jews,
how do you know Dutch?
184
00:14:53,844 --> 00:14:56,466
Well, I thought I'd better learn it
when I got here this semester.
185
00:14:56,526 --> 00:14:59,758
You learned enough Dutch in six weeks
to give a lecture on quantum mechanics?
186
00:15:00,010 --> 00:15:01,349
I like to challenge myself.
187
00:15:01,529 --> 00:15:03,675
Quantum physics wasn't challenging enough.
188
00:15:03,791 --> 00:15:05,341
Shvitzer.
-Shvitzer?
189
00:15:05,512 --> 00:15:06,512
Show-off.
190
00:15:07,201 --> 00:15:09,133
Dutch in six weeks,
but you never learned Yiddish.
191
00:15:09,216 --> 00:15:11,300
They don't speak it so much
my side of the park.
192
00:15:11,362 --> 00:15:12,342
Screw you.
193
00:15:13,983 --> 00:15:16,008
You homesick?
-Oh, you know it.
194
00:15:17,324 --> 00:15:19,883
Ever get the feeling our kind
isn't entirely welcome here?
195
00:15:20,605 --> 00:15:21,592
Physicists?
196
00:15:22,186 --> 00:15:24,216
That's funny.
-Not in the department.
197
00:15:25,187 --> 00:15:26,383
They're all Jewish, too.
198
00:15:28,966 --> 00:15:29,964
Eat.
199
00:15:32,425 --> 00:15:34,133
There's this German you have to seek out.
200
00:15:35,546 --> 00:15:36,800
Heisenberg.
-Right.
201
00:15:47,050 --> 00:15:50,926
One might be led to the presumption
that behind the quantum world
202
00:15:51,133 --> 00:15:54,592
there still hides a real world
in which causality holds,
203
00:15:54,633 --> 00:15:59,008
but such speculations seem to us,
to say it explicitly, fruitless.
204
00:15:59,550 --> 00:16:01,091
Thank you. Have a great day.
205
00:16:06,633 --> 00:16:07,841
Wonderful.
-Thank you.
206
00:16:08,383 --> 00:16:11,258
Dr. Oppenheimer.
-Oppenheimer, yes!
207
00:16:11,678 --> 00:16:13,355
I liked your paper on molecules.
208
00:16:13,399 --> 00:16:14,938
Probably because you inspired it.
209
00:16:14,966 --> 00:16:17,800
If I inspire anything else, let me know.
We could publish together.
210
00:16:17,923 --> 00:16:20,050
I have to get back to America.
-Why?
211
00:16:20,585 --> 00:16:23,300
There's no one there taking
quantum mechanics seriously.
212
00:16:23,547 --> 00:16:24,675
That's exactly why.
213
00:16:25,229 --> 00:16:27,425
He's pining for the canyons of Manhattan.
214
00:16:27,951 --> 00:16:29,466
Canyons of New Mexico.
215
00:16:30,013 --> 00:16:31,790
You're from New Mexico?
-No, New York.
216
00:16:31,834 --> 00:16:34,341
But my brother and I have
a ranch outside Santa Fe.
217
00:16:35,520 --> 00:16:36,938
That's the America I miss right now.
218
00:16:37,300 --> 00:16:39,591
Then it's best you get home, cowboys.
219
00:16:40,662 --> 00:16:41,654
That's him.
220
00:16:41,782 --> 00:16:43,258
No, me and horses?
221
00:16:43,583 --> 00:16:44,587
I don't think so.
222
00:16:45,903 --> 00:16:46,883
Nice to meet you.
223
00:16:49,008 --> 00:16:50,883
Did you ever encounter Heisenberg again?
224
00:16:51,225 --> 00:16:53,425
Not in person, no, but...
225
00:16:55,425 --> 00:16:57,050
you might say our paths crossed.
226
00:16:59,133 --> 00:17:00,336
On returning to America,
227
00:17:00,360 --> 00:17:03,425
I accepted positions at both
Caltech and up at Berkeley.
228
00:17:27,883 --> 00:17:29,425
Dr. Lawrence, I presume?
229
00:17:31,841 --> 00:17:32,883
You must be Oppenheimer.
230
00:17:33,102 --> 00:17:34,102
Yes.
231
00:17:34,282 --> 00:17:36,383
I hear you want to start
a school of quantum theory.
232
00:17:36,863 --> 00:17:38,425
I am starting it, next door.
233
00:17:38,508 --> 00:17:40,591
They put you in there?
-I asked for it.
234
00:17:40,716 --> 00:17:42,758
Wanted to be close
to you experimentalists.
235
00:17:42,966 --> 00:17:44,591
Theory will get you only so far.
236
00:17:44,827 --> 00:17:46,758
We're building a machine
to accelerate electrons.
237
00:17:47,028 --> 00:17:48,024
Magnificent.
238
00:17:48,068 --> 00:17:49,091
Would you like to help?
239
00:17:49,429 --> 00:17:52,166
Build it? Oh, no. No, no.
240
00:17:52,258 --> 00:17:54,800
But I am working on theories
I'd like to test with it.
241
00:17:55,111 --> 00:17:56,118
When do you start teaching?
242
00:17:56,550 --> 00:17:57,800
I've got my first in an hour.
243
00:17:58,113 --> 00:17:59,800
Seminar?
-Pupil.
244
00:18:00,554 --> 00:18:02,550
One student? That's it?
245
00:18:03,508 --> 00:18:05,676
I'm teaching something
no one here has dreamt of.
246
00:18:05,966 --> 00:18:07,925
But once people start hearing
what you can do with it...
247
00:18:07,966 --> 00:18:09,008
There's no going back.
248
00:18:11,883 --> 00:18:14,550
Oh, I must have missed the...
-Mr. Lomanitz?
249
00:18:17,258 --> 00:18:19,008
Yeah.
-Yes, this is it.
250
00:18:19,091 --> 00:18:20,841
Please, take a seat.
251
00:18:26,340 --> 00:18:27,758
What do you know about quantum mechanics?
252
00:18:29,021 --> 00:18:30,841
I have a grasp on the basics.
253
00:18:30,883 --> 00:18:31,925
Then you're doing it wrong.
254
00:18:33,006 --> 00:18:35,258
Is life made up of particles or waves?
255
00:18:35,758 --> 00:18:38,008
Quantum mechanics says it's both.
How can it be both?
256
00:18:38,493 --> 00:18:39,633
It can't.
-It can't.
257
00:18:40,355 --> 00:18:41,374
But it is.
258
00:18:41,425 --> 00:18:44,591
It's paradoxical, and yet, it works.
259
00:18:55,550 --> 00:18:56,551
Thank you.
260
00:18:57,151 --> 00:18:59,925
Mr. Lomanitz. You're gonna be okay.
261
00:19:00,258 --> 00:19:01,239
Mr. Snyder.
262
00:19:01,966 --> 00:19:03,508
Now, let's consider a star.
263
00:19:04,048 --> 00:19:07,259
A star, a vast furnace
burning in outer space,
264
00:19:07,300 --> 00:19:10,716
fire pushing outwards against
its own gravity, balanced.
265
00:19:12,433 --> 00:19:14,216
But if that furnace cools,
266
00:19:14,966 --> 00:19:17,383
and gravity starts winning, it contracts.
267
00:19:17,925 --> 00:19:20,175
Density increases.
-Correct.
268
00:19:20,655 --> 00:19:23,050
Increasing gravity.
-Increasing density.
269
00:19:23,300 --> 00:19:25,133
And?
-It's a vicious cycle until...
270
00:19:25,716 --> 00:19:26,717
What's the limit here?
271
00:19:28,382 --> 00:19:30,467
I don't know. See where
the math takes us.
272
00:19:30,508 --> 00:19:32,545
I guarantee it's somewhere
no one's been before us.
273
00:19:32,591 --> 00:19:33,591
Me?
274
00:19:34,332 --> 00:19:36,175
Yes, you. Your math is better than mine.
275
00:19:38,175 --> 00:19:41,258
Dr. Oppenheimer's file contained details
276
00:19:41,300 --> 00:19:42,676
of his activities at Berkeley.
277
00:19:42,716 --> 00:19:46,300
Why would they have started a file
on Dr. Oppenheimer before the war?
278
00:19:47,137 --> 00:19:49,383
Well, you'd have to ask Mr. Hoover.
279
00:19:49,645 --> 00:19:51,466
I'm asking you, Admiral Strauss.
280
00:19:52,008 --> 00:19:53,300
Uh, my assumption
281
00:19:53,800 --> 00:19:57,341
is that it was connected to his, uh,
282
00:19:57,651 --> 00:19:59,800
left-wing political activities.
283
00:20:01,633 --> 00:20:03,883
You shouldn't let them bring
their politics in the classroom, Oppie.
284
00:20:05,214 --> 00:20:06,217
I wrote that.
285
00:20:06,633 --> 00:20:09,212
Lawrence, you embraced
the revolution in physics.
286
00:20:09,258 --> 00:20:10,675
Can't you see it everywhere else?
287
00:20:11,383 --> 00:20:13,592
Picasso, Stravinsky, Freud, Marx.
288
00:20:13,633 --> 00:20:16,091
Well, this is America, Oppie.
We had our revolution.
289
00:20:17,436 --> 00:20:20,008
Seriously, keep it out of the lab.
290
00:20:20,341 --> 00:20:22,175
Well, out of the lab,
291
00:20:22,383 --> 00:20:25,008
my landlady is having
a discussion group tonight.
292
00:20:25,300 --> 00:20:26,217
Interested?
293
00:20:26,258 --> 00:20:28,176
I have sampled the
Berkeley political scene.
294
00:20:28,216 --> 00:20:32,508
It's all just philosophy post-grads
and communists talking integration.
295
00:20:32,633 --> 00:20:33,925
You don't care about integration?
296
00:20:34,175 --> 00:20:36,119
I want to vote for it, not talk about it.
297
00:20:36,216 --> 00:20:38,216
Especially on a Friday.
Come on, let's eat.
298
00:20:38,683 --> 00:20:40,091
I'm meeting my brother there.
299
00:20:40,841 --> 00:20:44,425
And how would these activities
have come to the attention of the FBI?
300
00:20:44,633 --> 00:20:46,591
Well, if I remember correctly,
301
00:20:46,633 --> 00:20:50,842
the FBI was taking license plates
outside suspected communist gatherings,
302
00:20:50,885 --> 00:20:52,299
and his name popped up.
303
00:21:00,898 --> 00:21:02,591
Jesus Christ!
-Sorry.
304
00:21:02,675 --> 00:21:03,675
Frank!
305
00:21:05,258 --> 00:21:07,550
Uh, you remember Jackie?
-Evening.
306
00:21:14,229 --> 00:21:17,425
Robert! I want you to meet Chevalier.
307
00:21:17,653 --> 00:21:20,714
Dr. Haakon Chevalier,
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer.
308
00:21:20,758 --> 00:21:21,425
Pleasure. -Pleasure.
309
00:21:21,456 --> 00:21:23,258
This is my little brother, Frank.
310
00:21:23,591 --> 00:21:25,378
And this is...
-Still Jackie.
311
00:21:25,425 --> 00:21:26,550
Hello, Still Jackie.
312
00:21:26,682 --> 00:21:30,483
Chevalier, you're in languages?
-And your reputation precedes you.
313
00:21:30,550 --> 00:21:31,551
What have you heard?
314
00:21:31,648 --> 00:21:33,828
That you're teaching a radical
new approach to physics
315
00:21:33,841 --> 00:21:37,091
I have no chance of understanding,
but I haven't heard you're a party member.
316
00:21:37,133 --> 00:21:38,871
Uh, I'm not.
-Oh, not yet.
317
00:21:38,925 --> 00:21:40,384
Frank and I are thinking of joining.
318
00:21:40,425 --> 00:21:42,591
Just the other day I was saying...
-I support a range of causes.
319
00:21:42,816 --> 00:21:43,816
Spanish Civil War?
320
00:21:44,050 --> 00:21:47,008
A democratic republic being
overthrown by fascist thugs.
321
00:21:47,050 --> 00:21:48,341
Who wouldn't?
-Our government.
322
00:21:48,420 --> 00:21:51,160
They think that socialism
is a bigger threat than fascism.
323
00:21:51,175 --> 00:21:53,800
Not for long. Look at what
the Nazis are doing to the Jews.
324
00:21:53,883 --> 00:21:56,466
I send funds to colleagues
in Germany to emigrate.
325
00:21:56,508 --> 00:21:57,841
I have to do something.
326
00:21:59,168 --> 00:22:02,008
My own work is so... abstract.
327
00:22:02,050 --> 00:22:03,050
What are you working on?
328
00:22:03,091 --> 00:22:05,383
What happens to stars when they die?
329
00:22:05,591 --> 00:22:06,841
Do stars die?
330
00:22:08,013 --> 00:22:11,593
Well, if they do,
they'd cool, then collapse.
331
00:22:11,633 --> 00:22:14,154
In fact, the bigger the star,
332
00:22:14,300 --> 00:22:16,216
the more violent its demise.
333
00:22:16,737 --> 00:22:20,050
Their gravity gets so concentrated,
it swallows everything.
334
00:22:20,883 --> 00:22:21,925
Everything, even light.
335
00:22:22,508 --> 00:22:25,425
Can that really happen?
-The math says it can.
336
00:22:25,522 --> 00:22:28,591
If we can get published, then perhaps
one day an astronomer finds one.
337
00:22:28,633 --> 00:22:30,384
But right now, all I have is theory,
338
00:22:30,425 --> 00:22:32,466
which can't impact people's lives.
339
00:22:32,481 --> 00:22:34,675
Well, if you're going
to send money to Spain,
340
00:22:34,716 --> 00:22:36,091
do it through the Communist Party.
341
00:22:36,203 --> 00:22:37,550
They can get it to the front lines.
342
00:22:37,591 --> 00:22:38,758
Mary sent me with these.
343
00:22:40,724 --> 00:22:43,091
I'm Jean.
-Robert.
344
00:22:43,425 --> 00:22:46,133
Haakon Chevalier. That union
meeting at Serber's last month.
345
00:22:46,646 --> 00:22:47,800
Right, right, yes.
346
00:22:48,258 --> 00:22:49,258
Oh, thank you.
347
00:22:49,847 --> 00:22:51,591
Robert here says he's not a communist.
348
00:22:51,868 --> 00:22:53,883
Well, then he doesn't
know enough about it.
349
00:22:54,089 --> 00:22:56,675
Oh, I've read Das Kapital,
all three volumes.
350
00:22:56,740 --> 00:22:57,759
Does that count?
351
00:22:57,780 --> 00:22:59,883
It would make you better-read
than most party members.
352
00:22:59,982 --> 00:23:02,239
Turgid stuff. There's some thinking, um...
353
00:23:02,283 --> 00:23:03,591
"Ownership is theft."
354
00:23:03,884 --> 00:23:05,300
Property.
-Property?
355
00:23:05,885 --> 00:23:07,091
Property, not ownership.
356
00:23:07,246 --> 00:23:09,341
I'm sorry, I read it
in the original German.
357
00:23:12,929 --> 00:23:15,466
It's not about the book.
It's about the ideas.
358
00:23:15,571 --> 00:23:17,216
And you sound uncommitted.
359
00:23:17,592 --> 00:23:20,633
I'm committed to thinking freely
about how to improve our world.
360
00:23:21,534 --> 00:23:23,633
Why limit yourself to one dogma?
361
00:23:23,729 --> 00:23:25,883
You're a physicist.
Do you pick and choose rules?
362
00:23:26,716 --> 00:23:30,425
Or do you use the discipline
to channel your energies into progress?
363
00:23:30,925 --> 00:23:32,341
I like a little wiggle room.
364
00:23:33,800 --> 00:23:35,341
Do you always toe the party line?
365
00:23:37,477 --> 00:23:38,966
I like my wiggle room, too.
366
00:23:50,008 --> 00:23:51,010
What?
367
00:23:52,008 --> 00:23:53,010
Wait, wait, wait.
368
00:23:57,068 --> 00:23:58,091
Unexpected.
369
00:23:58,769 --> 00:23:59,758
What?
370
00:23:59,989 --> 00:24:01,087
For a physicist.
371
00:24:01,133 --> 00:24:03,466
You only have a shelf full of Freud?
372
00:24:03,716 --> 00:24:07,091
Well, actually, my background's more...
-Jungian?
373
00:24:09,351 --> 00:24:10,591
You know analysis?
374
00:24:10,841 --> 00:24:14,050
When I was in post-grad at Cambridge,
I had a little trouble.
375
00:24:15,353 --> 00:24:17,870
I'll bite.
-I tried to poison my tutor.
376
00:24:17,914 --> 00:24:20,175
Did you hate him?
-I liked him very much.
377
00:24:20,758 --> 00:24:22,091
You just needed to get laid.
378
00:24:22,300 --> 00:24:23,884
It took my analysts two years,
379
00:24:23,925 --> 00:24:26,133
and I don't think they ever
put it that succinctly.
380
00:24:26,175 --> 00:24:29,841
You have everyone convinced you're
more complicated than you actually are.
381
00:24:29,976 --> 00:24:32,216
We're all simple souls, I guess.
382
00:24:32,478 --> 00:24:33,468
I'm not.
383
00:24:36,181 --> 00:24:37,177
What's this?
384
00:24:37,322 --> 00:24:38,307
Sanskrit.
385
00:24:38,603 --> 00:24:39,633
You can read this?
386
00:24:40,383 --> 00:24:41,382
I'm learning.
387
00:24:46,966 --> 00:24:47,966
Read this.
388
00:24:49,452 --> 00:24:50,550
Well, in this part,
389
00:24:51,008 --> 00:24:53,966
Vishnu reveals his multi-armed self...
-No.
390
00:24:55,508 --> 00:24:56,675
Read the words.
391
00:25:00,841 --> 00:25:02,675
"And now I am become Death...
392
00:25:09,175 --> 00:25:10,591
"destroyer of worlds."
393
00:25:41,383 --> 00:25:42,383
This'll do.
394
00:25:49,216 --> 00:25:50,300
It'll break before dawn.
395
00:25:50,921 --> 00:25:52,175
Air cools overnight.
396
00:25:52,675 --> 00:25:54,175
Just before dawn, it breaks.
397
00:26:04,970 --> 00:26:08,091
Well, so, I'm getting married.
398
00:26:08,300 --> 00:26:11,008
Frank! congratulations!
-Thank you, thank you.
399
00:26:11,050 --> 00:26:13,133
To Jackie?
-Yeah, to Jackie.
400
00:26:14,466 --> 00:26:17,550
The waitress?
-Oppie, you're right. It's letting up.
401
00:26:17,656 --> 00:26:18,925
I'm gonna go see if there's any stars.
402
00:26:19,550 --> 00:26:23,675
All your talk about the common man,
but Jackie's not good enough for you, hmm?
403
00:26:24,672 --> 00:26:26,910
We joined the party, and you
can't hide your disappointment.
404
00:26:26,966 --> 00:26:28,905
Why? Is that because that's
supposed to be your thing?
405
00:26:29,033 --> 00:26:30,341
I haven't joined the party, Frank.
406
00:26:30,713 --> 00:26:32,966
And I don't think she should have
convinced you to either.
407
00:26:33,174 --> 00:26:35,800
Half of the faculty is communist.
-Not that half.
408
00:26:37,495 --> 00:26:40,274
I'm your brother, Frank,
and I want you to be cautious.
409
00:26:40,341 --> 00:26:41,550
And I want to wring your neck.
410
00:26:43,883 --> 00:26:46,966
I won't live my life
afraid to make a mistake.
411
00:26:49,103 --> 00:26:52,091
You're happy... I'm happy.
412
00:26:52,425 --> 00:26:54,841
So then I'm happy
you're happy that I'm happy.
413
00:27:00,133 --> 00:27:02,633
I feel like I can see one of those
dark stars that you're working on.
414
00:27:03,466 --> 00:27:04,466
You can't.
415
00:27:04,966 --> 00:27:07,895
That's the whole point.
Their gravity swallows light.
416
00:27:09,383 --> 00:27:11,633
It's like a kind of hole in space.
417
00:27:12,675 --> 00:27:13,675
Is Frank okay?
418
00:27:13,966 --> 00:27:16,216
Yes. He just has a shitty brother.
419
00:27:17,675 --> 00:27:18,800
It is special here.
420
00:27:21,550 --> 00:27:22,550
When I was a kid...
421
00:27:24,091 --> 00:27:25,591
I thought if I could find a way...
422
00:27:27,133 --> 00:27:30,675
to combine physics and New Mexico,
423
00:27:31,425 --> 00:27:32,800
my life would be perfect.
424
00:27:35,175 --> 00:27:36,925
Little remote for that.
-Yes.
425
00:27:37,716 --> 00:27:38,841
Let's get some sleep.
426
00:27:40,216 --> 00:27:43,883
That mesa we saw today,
one of my favorite places in the world.
427
00:27:44,883 --> 00:27:47,216
Tomorrow we'll climb it.
-What's it called?
428
00:27:48,883 --> 00:27:50,008
Los Alamos.
429
00:27:54,118 --> 00:27:55,800
I didn't expect to see you today.
430
00:27:57,341 --> 00:27:58,758
Do I have to make an appointment?
431
00:28:03,107 --> 00:28:04,107
Alvarez?
432
00:28:10,175 --> 00:28:12,133
Oppie! Oppie!
433
00:28:12,883 --> 00:28:14,341
What? What is it?
434
00:28:14,966 --> 00:28:15,966
They've done it.
435
00:28:16,287 --> 00:28:17,883
They've done it. Hahn and
Strassmann in Germany.
436
00:28:17,928 --> 00:28:19,175
They split the uranium nucleus.
437
00:28:21,290 --> 00:28:22,300
How?
438
00:28:23,758 --> 00:28:25,091
Bombard it with neutrons.
439
00:28:25,553 --> 00:28:26,758
It's a nuclear fission.
440
00:28:27,014 --> 00:28:28,466
They did it. They split the atom.
441
00:28:28,508 --> 00:28:29,508
That's not possible.
442
00:28:35,925 --> 00:28:37,258
I'm gonna try to reproduce it.
443
00:28:44,466 --> 00:28:46,175
See? Can't be done.
444
00:28:47,548 --> 00:28:48,550
Very elegant.
445
00:28:49,629 --> 00:28:50,633
Quite clear.
446
00:28:50,949 --> 00:28:51,966
There's just one problem.
447
00:28:52,150 --> 00:28:53,133
Where?
448
00:28:53,751 --> 00:28:54,758
Next door.
449
00:28:55,383 --> 00:28:56,424
Alvarez did it.
450
00:28:57,800 --> 00:28:58,797
And look.
451
00:28:59,694 --> 00:29:02,081
These fission pulses, they're massive.
452
00:29:02,758 --> 00:29:05,716
I've seen 30 of these
in the past ten minutes.
453
00:29:06,782 --> 00:29:08,633
Theory will take you only so far.
454
00:29:10,645 --> 00:29:11,716
During the process...
455
00:29:13,300 --> 00:29:15,550
extra neutrons boil off,
which could be used
456
00:29:15,591 --> 00:29:17,550
to split other uranium atoms.
457
00:29:17,850 --> 00:29:18,841
Chain reaction.
458
00:29:19,531 --> 00:29:20,746
You're thinking what I'm thinking.
459
00:29:20,832 --> 00:29:24,883
You, me, and every other physicist
around the world who's seen the news.
460
00:29:25,716 --> 00:29:27,466
I just... what, what are we all thinking?
461
00:29:28,498 --> 00:29:31,008
A bomb, Alvarez.
462
00:29:32,425 --> 00:29:33,423
A bomb.
463
00:29:34,925 --> 00:29:37,175
I told you, Robert,
no more fucking flowers.
464
00:29:39,258 --> 00:29:42,175
I don't understand what you want from me.
-I don't want anything from you!
465
00:29:43,712 --> 00:29:47,216
Well, you say that, and then you call.
-Well, don't answer.
466
00:29:48,508 --> 00:29:49,675
I'll always answer.
467
00:29:55,258 --> 00:29:56,258
Fine.
468
00:29:56,735 --> 00:29:58,008
Just no more flowers.
469
00:29:59,883 --> 00:30:00,880
You're not coming?
470
00:30:03,137 --> 00:30:05,050
You have to know when
you're beaten, Robert.
471
00:30:07,466 --> 00:30:09,008
It's not that simple, Haak.
472
00:30:09,558 --> 00:30:12,841
Chevalier, good to see you.
Barbara, good to see you.
473
00:30:12,883 --> 00:30:15,050
And the illustrious Dr. Oppenheimer.
474
00:30:15,466 --> 00:30:17,050
I'm Eltenton.
-Oh, pleasure.
475
00:30:17,074 --> 00:30:18,091
Please, please.
476
00:30:18,133 --> 00:30:21,133
Why don't you say a word about
organized labor on campuses?
477
00:30:21,466 --> 00:30:23,758
Yes? Coming through,
coming through!
478
00:30:23,800 --> 00:30:24,800
I work at Shell.
479
00:30:24,841 --> 00:30:27,050
We've signed up chemists,
we've signed up engineers.
480
00:30:27,341 --> 00:30:29,008
So why not sciences and academia?
481
00:30:29,383 --> 00:30:33,050
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
482
00:30:43,341 --> 00:30:44,883
Teachers are unionized.
483
00:30:45,550 --> 00:30:46,675
Why not professors?
484
00:30:47,091 --> 00:30:48,175
Don't you have somewhere to be?
485
00:30:48,258 --> 00:30:50,591
Lawrence, academics have rights too.
486
00:30:50,883 --> 00:30:52,925
Look, it's not that.
I've got a group coming.
487
00:30:53,202 --> 00:30:55,675
Oh. I'll sit in.
-Not this one.
488
00:31:02,306 --> 00:31:04,216
Richard, Dr. Bush.
489
00:31:04,258 --> 00:31:05,591
What brings you two up north?
490
00:31:15,276 --> 00:31:18,175
Richard, you tell Ruth I'll be
down in Pasadena Thursday.
491
00:31:28,216 --> 00:31:30,341
Paper on black holes, it's in!
492
00:31:32,240 --> 00:31:33,257
Where's Hartland?
493
00:31:33,883 --> 00:31:35,883
Get Hartland.
Get Hartland.
494
00:31:36,008 --> 00:31:39,425
September 1st, 1939?
The world's gonna remember this day.
495
00:31:41,175 --> 00:31:43,050
Oh, Hartland, our paper, it's in print.
496
00:31:43,216 --> 00:31:44,425
You've been upstaged.
497
00:31:48,815 --> 00:31:51,216
During the Battle of Britain,
I found myself
498
00:31:51,800 --> 00:31:53,966
increasingly out of sympathy with the...
499
00:31:54,425 --> 00:31:57,425
policy of neutrality
that communists advocated.
500
00:31:57,466 --> 00:31:59,966
But after Hitler invaded Russia
and we became allies,
501
00:32:00,758 --> 00:32:02,800
these communist sympathies,
do they return?
502
00:32:03,177 --> 00:32:04,177
No.
503
00:32:05,050 --> 00:32:09,050
I need to make clear that
my changing views on Russia
504
00:32:09,091 --> 00:32:12,091
did not mean a sharp break from
those who held different views.
505
00:32:12,591 --> 00:32:14,966
For a year or two during
a previous marriage,
506
00:32:15,008 --> 00:32:17,925
my wife Kitty had been
a Communist Party member.
507
00:32:23,091 --> 00:32:24,383
This is where I keep the good stuff.
508
00:32:24,425 --> 00:32:26,216
Well, I thought this was
the Tolmans' house.
509
00:32:26,258 --> 00:32:28,341
I live with them while I'm at Caltech.
510
00:32:28,383 --> 00:32:29,758
Do you two need anything?
511
00:32:29,975 --> 00:32:31,050
We're good, Ruthie.
512
00:32:32,396 --> 00:32:35,175
So, you're a biologist.
513
00:32:35,758 --> 00:32:38,758
Well, somehow I have
graduated to housewife.
514
00:32:39,133 --> 00:32:41,216
Can you explain quantum mechanics to me?
515
00:32:41,508 --> 00:32:44,216
Seems baffling.
-Yes, it is.
516
00:32:45,591 --> 00:32:47,050
Well, this glass,
517
00:32:48,216 --> 00:32:51,216
this drink... this countertop...
518
00:32:52,612 --> 00:32:53,758
Our bodies.
519
00:32:55,655 --> 00:32:56,675
All of it.
520
00:32:57,841 --> 00:32:59,300
It's mostly empty space.
521
00:32:59,700 --> 00:33:03,008
Groupings of tiny energy
waves bound together.
522
00:33:03,091 --> 00:33:04,175
By what?
523
00:33:04,216 --> 00:33:07,383
Forces of attraction strong
enough to convince us
524
00:33:08,091 --> 00:33:10,091
that matter is solid.
525
00:33:10,341 --> 00:33:12,508
Stop my body passing through yours.
526
00:33:25,133 --> 00:33:26,883
You're married to Dr. Harrison.
527
00:33:27,383 --> 00:33:28,425
Not very.
528
00:33:30,327 --> 00:33:33,883
There is someone that I feel...
529
00:33:34,216 --> 00:33:35,425
Does she feel that way?
530
00:33:35,988 --> 00:33:37,175
Sometimes.
531
00:33:38,008 --> 00:33:39,007
Not enough.
532
00:33:40,716 --> 00:33:43,008
You know, I'm going to New Mexico.
533
00:33:43,736 --> 00:33:45,425
To my ranch, with friends.
534
00:33:45,675 --> 00:33:46,675
You should come.
535
00:33:47,883 --> 00:33:49,216
I meant, with your husband.
536
00:33:49,638 --> 00:33:50,633
Yes, you did.
537
00:33:50,966 --> 00:33:53,091
Because you know it won't
make a bit of difference.
538
00:33:57,915 --> 00:33:59,050
Why did you marry him?
539
00:33:59,550 --> 00:34:02,841
I was lost, and... he was kind.
540
00:34:05,280 --> 00:34:06,300
Lost?
541
00:34:06,591 --> 00:34:08,883
Well, my previous husband had died, and...
542
00:34:09,550 --> 00:34:11,508
at 28, I wasn't really
ready to be a widow.
543
00:34:12,133 --> 00:34:14,091
Who was your first husband?
-Nobody.
544
00:34:14,386 --> 00:34:16,508
My second husband was Joe Dallet.
545
00:34:16,633 --> 00:34:18,975
He was from money, like me,
546
00:34:18,999 --> 00:34:22,425
but he was a union organizer
in Youngstown, Ohio.
547
00:34:22,591 --> 00:34:23,591
I fell hard.
548
00:34:24,675 --> 00:34:26,758
How hard?
-Hard enough to spend the next four years
549
00:34:26,800 --> 00:34:28,050
living off beans and pancakes,
550
00:34:28,091 --> 00:34:30,341
handing out the Daily Worker
at factory gates.
551
00:34:31,633 --> 00:34:33,966
By '36, I just told Joe
I couldn't take it anymore.
552
00:34:34,045 --> 00:34:35,050
Quit the party.
553
00:34:35,133 --> 00:34:36,591
A year later, I wanted him back.
554
00:34:36,633 --> 00:34:38,800
Him, not the Daily Worker. And...
555
00:34:39,300 --> 00:34:41,341
he said: "Swell, I'll meet you
on my way to Spain."
556
00:34:41,468 --> 00:34:42,633
Went to fight for the Loyalists?
557
00:34:42,675 --> 00:34:44,466
And then he went
to the brigades and I waited.
558
00:34:44,758 --> 00:34:45,758
And...
559
00:34:47,633 --> 00:34:50,258
Joe got himself killed first time
he popped his head out of the trench.
560
00:34:52,031 --> 00:34:54,300
Ideology got Joe killed, for nothing.
561
00:34:54,341 --> 00:34:56,133
The Spanish Republic isn't nothing.
562
00:34:56,235 --> 00:34:59,175
My husband offered both our
futures to stop one fascist bullet
563
00:34:59,216 --> 00:35:01,216
from embedding itself in a mud bank.
564
00:35:02,361 --> 00:35:04,383
That's the definition of nothing.
565
00:35:04,716 --> 00:35:06,675
Seems a little reductive.
-Pragmatic.
566
00:35:08,727 --> 00:35:09,716
Now here I am.
567
00:35:12,550 --> 00:35:13,883
Wherever the hell this is.
568
00:35:21,591 --> 00:35:23,841
I didn't want you to hear it
from anyone else.
569
00:35:26,883 --> 00:35:28,633
At least you didn't bring me flowers.
570
00:35:36,341 --> 00:35:38,716
We both know I'm not what you want, Jean.
571
00:35:39,966 --> 00:35:41,966
Yeah, but it's a door closing.
572
00:35:42,758 --> 00:35:43,758
No.
573
00:35:45,704 --> 00:35:47,425
Not as far as I'm concerned, no.
574
00:35:49,351 --> 00:35:51,508
You knocked her up. Fast work.
575
00:35:51,752 --> 00:35:53,175
Can't keep a good man down.
576
00:35:54,383 --> 00:35:55,508
I meant her.
577
00:35:56,552 --> 00:35:57,550
She knew what she wanted.
578
00:35:58,213 --> 00:35:59,383
What about the husband?
579
00:36:00,013 --> 00:36:01,008
We talked.
580
00:36:01,313 --> 00:36:02,675
They're getting a divorce,
581
00:36:02,716 --> 00:36:06,466
so we can get married
before she starts showing.
582
00:36:06,716 --> 00:36:08,091
How civilized.
583
00:36:10,341 --> 00:36:11,341
You idiot.
584
00:36:11,675 --> 00:36:13,050
This is your community.
585
00:36:14,050 --> 00:36:16,216
You think the rules don't
apply to the golden boy?
586
00:36:17,300 --> 00:36:19,008
Brilliance makes up for a lot.
587
00:36:19,675 --> 00:36:23,091
Don't alienate the only people in the
world that understand what you do.
588
00:36:24,966 --> 00:36:26,383
One day you might need them.
589
00:36:26,633 --> 00:36:28,966
F-A-E-C-T!
590
00:36:29,133 --> 00:36:33,258
Federation of Architects, Engineers,
Chemists and Technicians.
591
00:36:40,423 --> 00:36:42,258
Lomanitz, what do you get paid a month?
592
00:36:42,624 --> 00:36:43,758
That's not the point, Lawrence.
593
00:36:43,805 --> 00:36:48,341
What do any of you have in common
with farm laborers and dock workers?
594
00:36:48,758 --> 00:36:49,761
Plenty.
595
00:36:51,467 --> 00:36:53,384
Everybody out. Now!
596
00:36:58,051 --> 00:36:59,051
Not you.
597
00:37:05,342 --> 00:37:06,344
What are you doing?
598
00:37:07,134 --> 00:37:08,134
It's a trade union.
599
00:37:08,717 --> 00:37:11,914
Filled with communists.
-So? I haven't joined the party.
600
00:37:11,958 --> 00:37:14,940
They won't let me bring you onto
the project because of this shit.
601
00:37:15,607 --> 00:37:17,440
They won't even let me
tell you what the project is.
602
00:37:17,482 --> 00:37:19,607
Oh, I know what the project is.
603
00:37:19,649 --> 00:37:20,732
Oh, really?
604
00:37:20,774 --> 00:37:23,556
We've all heard about Einstein
and Szilard's letter to Roosevelt
605
00:37:23,580 --> 00:37:25,024
warning him the Germans could make a bomb,
606
00:37:25,065 --> 00:37:28,274
and I know what it means
for the Nazis to have a bomb.
607
00:37:28,482 --> 00:37:29,482
And I don't?
608
00:37:29,969 --> 00:37:32,107
It's not your people
they're herding into camps.
609
00:37:32,931 --> 00:37:33,941
It's mine.
610
00:37:34,982 --> 00:37:37,315
You think that I tell them
about your politics?
611
00:37:39,399 --> 00:37:41,232
The next time you're
coming home from a meeting,
612
00:37:41,357 --> 00:37:43,232
why don't you take a look
in the rearview mirror,
613
00:37:43,565 --> 00:37:48,232
listen to the sounds on your phone line,
and stop being so goddamn naive?
614
00:37:49,815 --> 00:37:51,065
Why would they care what I do?
615
00:37:51,347 --> 00:37:54,982
Because you're not just self-important,
you're actually important.
616
00:37:58,690 --> 00:37:59,691
Okay.
617
00:38:01,190 --> 00:38:02,190
I get it.
618
00:38:02,215 --> 00:38:03,973
If you could just be a little more...
619
00:38:03,997 --> 00:38:06,955
Pragmatic. I'll talk to Lomanitz,
I'll talk to the others.
620
00:38:06,999 --> 00:38:08,315
You don't have to worry, it's done.
621
00:38:09,107 --> 00:38:10,108
Lawrence.
622
00:38:15,232 --> 00:38:16,357
Then welcome to the war.
623
00:38:17,357 --> 00:38:20,732
I filled out my first security
questionnaire and was informed
624
00:38:20,774 --> 00:38:23,429
that my involvement
with left-wing groups would
625
00:38:23,899 --> 00:38:26,940
not prove a bar to my
working on the atomic program.
626
00:38:26,970 --> 00:38:29,690
Why were his communist associations
627
00:38:29,732 --> 00:38:32,649
not seen as a security
risk during the war?
628
00:38:32,693 --> 00:38:34,443
Senator, I can't possibly answer
629
00:38:34,467 --> 00:38:37,771
for security clearance granted
years before I ever met the man.
630
00:38:37,815 --> 00:38:39,024
Fine. What about after?
631
00:38:39,815 --> 00:38:42,296
After the war, Dr. Oppenheimer was
632
00:38:42,320 --> 00:38:45,482
the most respected
scientific voice in the world.
633
00:38:45,690 --> 00:38:47,822
That's why I asked him
to run the Institute.
634
00:38:47,866 --> 00:38:50,690
That's why he advised
the Atomic Energy Commission.
635
00:38:50,940 --> 00:38:51,940
Simple as that.
636
00:38:52,440 --> 00:38:53,815
What are they accusing me of?
637
00:38:54,690 --> 00:38:58,000
I think they just want to know what
happened between 1947 and 1954
638
00:38:58,024 --> 00:39:00,565
to change your mind on
Oppenheimer's security clearance.
639
00:39:00,815 --> 00:39:01,815
I didn't.
640
00:39:01,940 --> 00:39:04,732
I was chair of the AEC, but it wasn't me
641
00:39:05,274 --> 00:39:07,999
that brought the charges against Robert.
-Who did?
642
00:39:08,065 --> 00:39:10,565
Some former staff member of the
Joint Congressional Committee.
643
00:39:10,607 --> 00:39:13,065
He was a rabid anti-communist
named Borden.
644
00:39:13,469 --> 00:39:15,929
He wrote to the FBI
demanding they take action.
645
00:39:16,065 --> 00:39:18,524
The FBI? Why not go to the AEC direct?
646
00:39:18,690 --> 00:39:20,774
You'd get caught
holding the knife yourself.
647
00:39:21,515 --> 00:39:23,065
What did Borden have against Oppenheimer?
648
00:39:23,315 --> 00:39:24,524
This is the McCarthy era.
649
00:39:25,648 --> 00:39:29,524
People hounded out of jobs
for any hint of red, and...
650
00:39:30,435 --> 00:39:33,565
Reading Oppenheimer's security file,
his communist brother,
651
00:39:33,607 --> 00:39:36,357
sister-in-law, fiancée, best friend, wife.
652
00:39:36,649 --> 00:39:39,096
That's before we even get
to the Chevalier incident.
653
00:39:39,149 --> 00:39:42,065
But how would Borden have access
to Oppenheimer's security file?
654
00:39:42,519 --> 00:39:43,940
Because somebody gave it to him.
655
00:39:45,524 --> 00:39:47,732
Somebody who wanted Robert silenced.
656
00:39:48,440 --> 00:39:49,982
Who?
-Who knows?
657
00:39:50,062 --> 00:39:53,940
Robert didn't take care not to upset
the power brokers in Washington.
658
00:39:54,904 --> 00:39:57,232
His opinions on the atom
became definitive,
659
00:39:57,649 --> 00:40:00,107
and he wasn't always patient
with us mere mortals.
660
00:40:03,899 --> 00:40:06,232
I came in for plenty of harsh treatment.
661
00:40:06,274 --> 00:40:09,190
There was an AEC vote
662
00:40:09,690 --> 00:40:12,024
on the export of isotopes to Norway,
663
00:40:12,065 --> 00:40:14,815
and they drafted in Robert
to make me look like a fool.
664
00:40:14,865 --> 00:40:18,067
But Dr. Oppenheimer, we've
already heard from Admiral Strauss
665
00:40:18,091 --> 00:40:21,190
that these isotopes could be
useful to our enemies
666
00:40:21,232 --> 00:40:22,690
in the production of atomic weapons.
667
00:40:22,768 --> 00:40:26,065
Congressman, you could use a shovel
in making atomic weapons.
668
00:40:26,190 --> 00:40:27,126
In fact, you do.
669
00:40:27,170 --> 00:40:30,167
You could use a bottle of beer
in making atomic weapons.
670
00:40:30,211 --> 00:40:32,857
In fact, you do. I'd say isotopes are
671
00:40:32,899 --> 00:40:34,982
less useful than electronic components,
672
00:40:35,024 --> 00:40:36,649
but more useful than a sandwich.
673
00:40:40,899 --> 00:40:42,399
Genius is no guarantee of wisdom.
674
00:40:43,482 --> 00:40:46,024
How could this man who
saw so much be so blind?
675
00:40:55,857 --> 00:40:56,857
Kitty?
676
00:41:01,982 --> 00:41:02,982
Kitty?
677
00:41:04,524 --> 00:41:05,524
Kitty.
678
00:41:05,899 --> 00:41:06,899
The project.
679
00:41:07,857 --> 00:41:08,857
I'm in.
680
00:41:09,940 --> 00:41:12,065
I'm in!
-Let's celebrate.
681
00:41:18,190 --> 00:41:19,399
Shouldn't you go to him?
682
00:41:24,482 --> 00:41:27,565
I have been going to him all fucking day.
683
00:41:53,399 --> 00:41:55,024
I don't know how to say this.
684
00:41:56,568 --> 00:41:57,690
I'm ashamed to ask.
685
00:41:58,440 --> 00:41:59,440
Anything.
686
00:42:00,350 --> 00:42:02,065
Take Peter.
-Sure.
687
00:42:02,232 --> 00:42:04,232
No, for a while, Haak.
688
00:42:04,982 --> 00:42:05,981
A while.
689
00:42:08,232 --> 00:42:11,274
Does Kitty know you're here?
-Yes, of course she knows.
690
00:42:12,399 --> 00:42:13,524
Of course she knows.
691
00:42:14,648 --> 00:42:16,967
We're awful people.
Selfish, awful people.
692
00:42:19,565 --> 00:42:20,566
Forget I asked.
693
00:42:20,610 --> 00:42:22,626
Selfish, awful people,
694
00:42:22,670 --> 00:42:25,232
they don't know they're selfish and awful.
695
00:42:25,831 --> 00:42:27,065
Sit, sit, sit.
696
00:42:28,649 --> 00:42:32,565
Robert, you see beyond
the world we live in.
697
00:42:34,353 --> 00:42:36,274
There is a price to be paid for that.
698
00:42:36,940 --> 00:42:38,107
Of course we'll help you.
699
00:42:49,482 --> 00:42:51,232
Everything's changing, Robert.
700
00:42:51,940 --> 00:42:53,649
Having a child was
always going to change...
701
00:42:53,690 --> 00:42:57,190
No, the world is pivoting
in some new direction.
702
00:42:58,357 --> 00:42:59,440
Reforming.
703
00:43:01,982 --> 00:43:03,065
This is your moment.
704
00:43:04,985 --> 00:43:08,024
We're putting together a group to study...
-We shouldn't be doing anything.
705
00:43:08,367 --> 00:43:09,356
You should.
706
00:43:10,169 --> 00:43:11,815
Lawrence won't get this done.
707
00:43:12,399 --> 00:43:14,232
Or Tolman or Rabi. You will.
708
00:43:23,774 --> 00:43:24,899
Who are the uniforms?
709
00:43:26,274 --> 00:43:27,274
I thought you might know.
710
00:43:29,914 --> 00:43:30,898
Dr. Oppenheimer.
711
00:43:32,357 --> 00:43:35,649
I'm Colonel Groves. This is
Lieutenant Colonel Nichols.
712
00:43:35,899 --> 00:43:36,897
Have that dry cleaned.
713
00:43:42,778 --> 00:43:45,232
Well, if that's how you treat
a lieutenant colonel,
714
00:43:45,274 --> 00:43:48,649
I'd hate to see how you treat a...
humble physicist.
715
00:43:48,690 --> 00:43:50,565
If I ever meet one, I'll let you know.
716
00:43:51,565 --> 00:43:54,149
Ouch.
-Theaters of combat all over the world,
717
00:43:54,190 --> 00:43:55,774
but I have to stay in Washington.
718
00:43:56,565 --> 00:43:58,684
Why?
-I built the Pentagon.
719
00:43:58,728 --> 00:43:59,940
The brass likes it so much,
720
00:43:59,982 --> 00:44:03,149
they made me take over
the Manhattan Engineer District.
721
00:44:03,971 --> 00:44:06,690
Which is?
-Don't be a smartass.
722
00:44:06,940 --> 00:44:08,050
You know damn well what it is.
723
00:44:08,094 --> 00:44:10,611
You and half of every physics
department across the country.
724
00:44:10,655 --> 00:44:11,899
That's problem number one.
725
00:44:12,690 --> 00:44:15,649
I thought problem number one
would be securing enough uranium ore.
726
00:44:15,982 --> 00:44:19,274
1,200 tons, bought the day I took charge.
-Processing?
727
00:44:19,565 --> 00:44:21,524
Just broke ground at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
728
00:44:22,887 --> 00:44:24,524
Now I'm looking for a project director.
729
00:44:25,440 --> 00:44:26,524
And my name came up?
730
00:44:27,024 --> 00:44:28,024
Nope.
731
00:44:28,857 --> 00:44:32,357
Even though you brought quantum physics
to America, which made me curious.
732
00:44:33,065 --> 00:44:34,149
What have you found out?
733
00:44:35,518 --> 00:44:39,274
You're a dilettante, a womanizer,
a suspected communist.
734
00:44:39,315 --> 00:44:41,940
I'm a New Deal Democrat.
-I said "suspected".
735
00:44:42,440 --> 00:44:46,547
Unstable, theatrical,
egotistical, neurotic.
736
00:44:46,591 --> 00:44:47,608
Nothing good, no?
737
00:44:47,652 --> 00:44:49,558
Not even "he's brilliant, but..."
738
00:44:49,582 --> 00:44:52,190
Well, brilliance is taken
for granted in your circle, so no.
739
00:44:52,940 --> 00:44:55,815
No, the only person who had anything
good to say was Richard Tolman.
740
00:44:56,690 --> 00:44:58,399
Tolman thinks you have integrity,
741
00:44:58,649 --> 00:45:03,065
but he also strikes me as a guy who
knows more about science than people.
742
00:45:03,565 --> 00:45:04,566
Yet here you are.
743
00:45:05,604 --> 00:45:07,065
You don't take much on trust.
744
00:45:07,274 --> 00:45:08,732
I don't take anything on trust.
745
00:45:12,900 --> 00:45:14,232
Why don't you have a Nobel Prize?
746
00:45:14,581 --> 00:45:16,740
Why aren't you a general?
-They're making me one for this.
747
00:45:16,815 --> 00:45:18,220
Perhaps I'll have the same luck.
748
00:45:18,222 --> 00:45:19,759
The Nobel Prize for making a bomb?
749
00:45:19,803 --> 00:45:21,649
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.
750
00:45:24,705 --> 00:45:25,774
So how would you proceed?
751
00:45:27,877 --> 00:45:32,359
You're talking about turning theory
into a practical weapon system
752
00:45:32,607 --> 00:45:35,649
faster than the Nazis.
-Who have a 12-month head start.
753
00:45:35,815 --> 00:45:37,815
18.
-How could you possibly know that?
754
00:45:38,107 --> 00:45:40,302
Our fast neutron research took six months.
755
00:45:40,346 --> 00:45:43,304
The man they've undoubtedly put in charge
will have made that leap instantly.
756
00:45:43,348 --> 00:45:45,488
Who do you think they put in charge?
-Werner Heisenberg.
757
00:45:45,690 --> 00:45:49,815
He has the most intuitive understanding
of atomic structure I have ever seen.
758
00:45:49,993 --> 00:45:51,524
You know his work?
-I know him,
759
00:45:51,815 --> 00:45:54,152
just like I know Walther Bothe,
von Weizsäcker, Diebner.
760
00:45:54,196 --> 00:45:55,732
In a straight race, the Germans win.
761
00:45:56,578 --> 00:45:58,232
We've got one hope.
-Which is?
762
00:45:59,690 --> 00:46:00,691
Antisemitism.
763
00:46:02,774 --> 00:46:03,732
What?
764
00:46:03,760 --> 00:46:06,399
Hitler called quantum physics
"Jewish science".
765
00:46:06,440 --> 00:46:07,774
Said it right to Einstein's face.
766
00:46:07,815 --> 00:46:11,315
Our one hope is that Hitler
is so blinded by hate
767
00:46:11,357 --> 00:46:13,399
that he's denied Heisenberg
proper resources,
768
00:46:13,440 --> 00:46:15,190
because it'll take vast resources.
769
00:46:15,315 --> 00:46:18,024
Our nation's best scientists working
together. Right now, they're scattered.
770
00:46:18,123 --> 00:46:19,774
Which gives us compartmentalization.
771
00:46:20,065 --> 00:46:23,040
All minds have to see the whole task
to contribute efficiently.
772
00:46:23,084 --> 00:46:25,315
Poor security may cost us the race.
773
00:46:25,357 --> 00:46:26,524
Inefficiency will.
774
00:46:27,433 --> 00:46:28,899
The Germans know more than us anyway.
775
00:46:29,375 --> 00:46:30,524
The Russians don't.
776
00:46:32,257 --> 00:46:35,107
Remind me, who are we at war with?
777
00:46:35,690 --> 00:46:38,524
Somebody with your past doesn't
want to be seen downplaying
778
00:46:38,565 --> 00:46:41,899
the importance of security
from our communist allies.
779
00:46:42,982 --> 00:46:45,107
Point taken, but... no.
780
00:46:45,528 --> 00:46:46,857
You don't get to say no to me.
781
00:46:47,024 --> 00:46:49,107
It's my job to say no to you
when you're wrong.
782
00:46:50,024 --> 00:46:51,399
So you have the job now?
783
00:46:51,482 --> 00:46:52,982
Uh, I'm considering it.
784
00:46:56,313 --> 00:46:58,315
I'm starting to see where
you got your reputation.
785
00:46:59,982 --> 00:47:01,190
My favorite response:
786
00:47:02,315 --> 00:47:04,440
"Oppenheimer couldn't run
a hamburger stand."
787
00:47:06,399 --> 00:47:07,399
I couldn't.
788
00:47:09,565 --> 00:47:11,399
But I can run the Manhattan Project.
789
00:47:12,930 --> 00:47:14,524
There's a way to balance these things.
790
00:47:15,571 --> 00:47:18,565
Keep the Rad Lab here
at Berkeley, under Lawrence.
791
00:47:19,024 --> 00:47:21,065
Met Lab in Chicago, under Szilard.
792
00:47:21,274 --> 00:47:23,232
Large-scale refining, where
did you say, Tennessee?
793
00:47:23,649 --> 00:47:25,024
And Hanford.
-And Hanford.
794
00:47:25,357 --> 00:47:28,774
All America's industrial-minded
scientific innovation,
795
00:47:29,107 --> 00:47:32,274
connected by rail, focused on one goal,
796
00:47:32,524 --> 00:47:33,982
one point in space and time.
797
00:47:34,232 --> 00:47:36,838
And it comes together here,
a secret laboratory.
798
00:47:36,882 --> 00:47:39,179
In the middle of nowhere,
secure, self-sufficient.
799
00:47:39,223 --> 00:47:40,649
Equipment, housing, the works.
800
00:47:40,764 --> 00:47:42,065
Keep everyone there until it's done.
801
00:47:43,073 --> 00:47:45,774
We'll need a school, stores, a church.
-Why?
802
00:47:46,065 --> 00:47:48,857
If we don't let scientists bring their
families, we'll never get the best.
803
00:47:49,095 --> 00:47:51,732
You want security,
build a town. Build it fast.
804
00:47:52,076 --> 00:47:53,065
Where?
805
00:47:57,065 --> 00:47:58,399
Welcome to Los Alamos.
806
00:47:59,099 --> 00:48:01,190
There's a boys' school
we'll have to commandeer,
807
00:48:01,232 --> 00:48:03,190
and the local Indians
come up here for burial rites,
808
00:48:03,232 --> 00:48:04,997
but apart from that, nothing.
809
00:48:05,041 --> 00:48:06,524
40 miles. Any direction.
810
00:48:06,774 --> 00:48:08,107
We'll have to find the perfect spot.
811
00:48:08,862 --> 00:48:10,649
For?
-Success.
812
00:48:16,375 --> 00:48:18,232
Build him a town. Fast.
813
00:48:20,149 --> 00:48:21,565
Let's go recruit some scientists.
814
00:48:22,607 --> 00:48:23,982
Why would I leave my family?
815
00:48:24,024 --> 00:48:25,774
I told you, you can bring your family.
816
00:48:25,857 --> 00:48:27,982
I'm not a soldier, Oppie.
-A soldier?
817
00:48:28,565 --> 00:48:30,857
He's a general. I've got
all the soldier I need.
818
00:48:31,498 --> 00:48:32,523
What can I tell them?
819
00:48:33,258 --> 00:48:36,524
Heisenberg, Diebner, Bothe and Bohr.
What do these men have in common?
820
00:48:36,690 --> 00:48:39,399
Uh, the greatest minds on atomic theory.
-Yes, and?
821
00:48:40,565 --> 00:48:41,566
As much as you like.
822
00:48:43,274 --> 00:48:44,774
Until you feel my boot on your balls.
823
00:48:46,100 --> 00:48:49,607
You know isotopes, and you know explosives
better than anyone in the world.
824
00:48:49,922 --> 00:48:51,190
But you can't tell us what you're doing.
825
00:48:55,399 --> 00:48:56,940
I don't know.
-The Nazis have them.
826
00:48:57,563 --> 00:48:58,622
Niels Bohr's in Copenhagen.
827
00:48:58,649 --> 00:49:01,649
Under Nazi occupation. Did they stop
printing newspapers in Princeton?
828
00:49:01,907 --> 00:49:05,482
Why would we go to the middle of nowhere
for who knows how long?
829
00:49:05,524 --> 00:49:07,190
For a year or two. Or three.
830
00:49:08,815 --> 00:49:11,732
General, could you... give us a moment?
831
00:49:13,172 --> 00:49:15,524
It's about unleashing a strong force.
832
00:49:17,279 --> 00:49:18,565
Before the Nazis do.
833
00:49:19,482 --> 00:49:20,482
Oh my god.
834
00:49:20,982 --> 00:49:22,940
Niels won't work for the Nazis.
-No, never.
835
00:49:23,065 --> 00:49:24,940
But while they have him, we don't.
836
00:49:25,440 --> 00:49:26,482
That's why I need you.
837
00:49:26,857 --> 00:49:28,440
Why would you think I'd do that?
838
00:49:28,732 --> 00:49:30,107
Why? Why?
839
00:49:30,831 --> 00:49:32,940
How about because this is
the most important fucking thing
840
00:49:32,982 --> 00:49:34,857
to ever happen in the
history of the world?
841
00:49:35,065 --> 00:49:36,067
How about that?
842
00:49:36,982 --> 00:49:37,983
Fuck.
843
00:49:42,901 --> 00:49:44,774
They're not gonna let me
onto this project.
844
00:49:45,980 --> 00:49:46,982
And failing a security check
845
00:49:47,024 --> 00:49:49,440
is not going to be good
for a career even after the war.
846
00:49:49,607 --> 00:49:51,899
So you're a fellow traveler. So what?
847
00:49:52,226 --> 00:49:53,925
This is a national emergency.
848
00:49:53,982 --> 00:49:56,399
I've got some skeletons.
They put me in charge.
849
00:49:56,982 --> 00:49:57,981
They need us.
850
00:49:58,440 --> 00:49:59,440
Until they don't.
851
00:50:03,815 --> 00:50:05,857
Is there any chance
of getting Bohr out of Denmark?
852
00:50:05,978 --> 00:50:08,690
Yeah, no dice.
I checked with the British.
853
00:50:09,361 --> 00:50:12,315
Until we get Allied boots back onto
the continent, there's just no way.
854
00:50:14,413 --> 00:50:15,524
Is he that important?
855
00:50:15,565 --> 00:50:18,482
How many people do you know
who proved Einstein wrong?
856
00:50:20,038 --> 00:50:22,107
You know, it really would be
quicker to take a plane.
857
00:50:22,190 --> 00:50:23,232
A plane's too risky.
858
00:50:23,815 --> 00:50:24,815
The country needs us.
859
00:50:28,482 --> 00:50:29,482
What happened, guys?
860
00:50:29,526 --> 00:50:31,690
They say the building's
too small for this cyclotron.
861
00:50:34,524 --> 00:50:35,940
Get them together with the architects.
862
00:50:39,694 --> 00:50:41,107
When's this place supposed to open?
863
00:50:44,436 --> 00:50:45,442
Two months.
864
00:50:46,732 --> 00:50:49,899
Robert, you're the great
improviser, but this...
865
00:50:50,982 --> 00:50:52,315
you can't do in your head.
866
00:50:53,774 --> 00:50:54,815
Four divisions.
867
00:50:56,190 --> 00:50:59,774
Experimental, theoretical, metallurgical.
868
00:50:59,887 --> 00:51:01,149
Who's running theoretical?
869
00:51:01,190 --> 00:51:02,191
I am.
870
00:51:02,368 --> 00:51:04,982
That's what I was afraid of.
You're spread too thin.
871
00:51:06,524 --> 00:51:07,774
So you take theoretical.
872
00:51:10,940 --> 00:51:13,441
I'm not coming here, Robert.
873
00:51:19,732 --> 00:51:20,734
Why not?
874
00:51:27,482 --> 00:51:30,940
You drop a bomb and it falls
on the just and the unjust.
875
00:51:32,565 --> 00:51:35,190
I don't wish the culmination
of three centuries of physics
876
00:51:35,232 --> 00:51:36,857
to be a weapon of mass destruction.
877
00:51:46,982 --> 00:51:47,983
Izzy...
878
00:51:48,940 --> 00:51:53,065
I don't know if we can be trusted
with such a weapon.
879
00:51:54,899 --> 00:51:57,690
But I know the Nazis can't.
880
00:52:01,899 --> 00:52:02,940
We have no choice.
881
00:52:05,899 --> 00:52:06,900
Then...
882
00:52:08,774 --> 00:52:09,982
The second thing you have to do
883
00:52:10,024 --> 00:52:13,107
is appoint Hans Bethe
to run the theoretical division.
884
00:52:15,567 --> 00:52:17,357
Wait, what was the first?
885
00:52:17,649 --> 00:52:19,565
Take off that ridiculous uniform.
886
00:52:20,028 --> 00:52:21,149
You're a scientist.
887
00:52:21,429 --> 00:52:22,899
Groves is insisting we join.
888
00:52:23,229 --> 00:52:24,940
Tell Groves to go shit in his hat.
889
00:52:25,523 --> 00:52:26,857
They need us for who we are.
890
00:52:27,185 --> 00:52:28,191
So be yourself.
891
00:52:29,190 --> 00:52:30,192
Only better.
892
00:53:10,315 --> 00:53:11,399
This is the only key.
893
00:53:11,982 --> 00:53:13,899
And Teller's already here.
894
00:53:14,232 --> 00:53:16,595
Shall I just show him in?
-No, let's wait for the others.
895
00:53:24,815 --> 00:53:25,816
Let's get started.
896
00:53:26,482 --> 00:53:28,940
Hello, Edward.
-Yes.
897
00:53:29,107 --> 00:53:31,422
Gentlemen, so, we will work here
898
00:53:31,446 --> 00:53:34,524
until the T Section
at Los Alamos is finished.
899
00:53:34,565 --> 00:53:36,315
Edward, can I...?
-This is more important.
900
00:53:38,815 --> 00:53:42,649
When I calculated the chain reaction,
I found a rather troubling possibility.
901
00:53:43,940 --> 00:53:46,524
No, this can't be right.
902
00:53:47,440 --> 00:53:48,899
Show me how you did your calculations.
903
00:53:49,199 --> 00:53:50,192
Yes.
904
00:53:53,899 --> 00:53:56,982
Exponential.
-No, no, no. No.
905
00:54:00,440 --> 00:54:01,482
This is fantasy.
906
00:54:02,232 --> 00:54:03,690
Teller's calculations can't be right.
907
00:54:04,690 --> 00:54:06,565
Do them yourself while I go to Princeton.
908
00:54:07,008 --> 00:54:08,985
What for?
-To talk to Einstein.
909
00:54:09,029 --> 00:54:11,149
Well, there's not much
common ground between the two.
910
00:54:11,357 --> 00:54:12,732
That's why I should get his view.
911
00:54:18,190 --> 00:54:19,357
Albert.
-Hmm?
912
00:54:19,940 --> 00:54:22,107
Ah, Dr. Oppenheimer.
913
00:54:22,649 --> 00:54:24,024
Have you met Dr. Gödel?
914
00:54:24,398 --> 00:54:25,982
We walk here most days.
915
00:54:26,315 --> 00:54:29,982
Trees have the most inspiring structures.
916
00:54:30,649 --> 00:54:32,440
Albert, might I have a word?
917
00:54:32,982 --> 00:54:34,732
Of course. Excuse me, Kurt.
918
00:54:36,774 --> 00:54:39,315
Some days Kurt refuses to eat.
919
00:54:39,732 --> 00:54:44,107
Even in Princeton, he's convinced
that the Nazis can poison his food.
920
00:54:55,592 --> 00:54:58,107
Whose, whose work is this?
921
00:54:58,524 --> 00:54:59,525
Teller's.
922
00:55:00,803 --> 00:55:02,440
What do you take it to mean?
923
00:55:03,304 --> 00:55:05,107
Neutrons smash into the nucleus,
924
00:55:05,149 --> 00:55:08,399
releasing neutrons
to smash into other nuclei.
925
00:55:09,315 --> 00:55:10,317
Criticality.
926
00:55:10,505 --> 00:55:12,857
Point of no return.
Massive explosive force.
927
00:55:13,165 --> 00:55:15,524
But this time, the chain
reaction doesn't stop.
928
00:55:16,482 --> 00:55:18,565
It would ignite the atmosphere.
929
00:55:20,690 --> 00:55:24,649
When we detonate an atomic device,
we might start a chain reaction that...
930
00:55:25,815 --> 00:55:26,942
destroys the world.
931
00:55:28,315 --> 00:55:29,607
So here we are, hmm?
932
00:55:30,065 --> 00:55:33,940
Lost in your quantum
world of probabilities,
933
00:55:34,399 --> 00:55:35,940
and needing certainty.
934
00:55:36,815 --> 00:55:38,690
Can you run the calculations yourself?
935
00:55:39,732 --> 00:55:42,065
About the only thing
you and I have in common
936
00:55:42,107 --> 00:55:44,149
is a disdain for mathematics.
937
00:55:44,315 --> 00:55:46,440
Who's working on this in Berkeley?
938
00:55:46,526 --> 00:55:47,524
Hans Bethe.
939
00:55:47,565 --> 00:55:49,399
Well, he'll get to the truth.
940
00:55:51,440 --> 00:55:53,274
And if the truth is catastrophic?
941
00:55:54,232 --> 00:55:58,399
Then you stop, and you share
your findings with the Nazis.
942
00:55:59,393 --> 00:56:01,607
So neither side destroys the world.
943
00:56:05,565 --> 00:56:06,572
Robert.
944
00:56:08,150 --> 00:56:10,107
This is yours, not mine.
945
00:56:24,190 --> 00:56:25,190
Teller's wrong.
946
00:56:25,885 --> 00:56:26,900
He's wrong.
947
00:56:36,729 --> 00:56:40,565
When you know Teller's critical
assumptions, the real picture emerges.
948
00:56:40,670 --> 00:56:41,690
Bottom line?
949
00:56:42,565 --> 00:56:45,399
The chances of an out-of-control
nuclear reaction are near-zero.
950
00:56:45,632 --> 00:56:46,732
Near-zero.
951
00:56:48,357 --> 00:56:49,732
Oppie, this is good news.
952
00:56:49,815 --> 00:56:50,818
Mm-hmm.
953
00:56:51,995 --> 00:56:52,983
Can you run them again?
954
00:56:53,063 --> 00:56:54,399
Oh, you'll get the same answer.
955
00:56:54,964 --> 00:56:56,607
Until they actually detonate
one of these things,
956
00:56:56,649 --> 00:56:58,357
the best assurance
you're going to get is this.
957
00:56:59,190 --> 00:57:00,190
Near-zero.
958
00:57:03,707 --> 00:57:05,482
Theory will take you only so far.
959
00:57:06,232 --> 00:57:08,024
Hello!
-Hi.
960
00:57:08,188 --> 00:57:09,191
We missed him.
961
00:57:09,569 --> 00:57:10,567
You want to adopt?
962
00:57:10,789 --> 00:57:11,775
She's kidding.
963
00:57:11,830 --> 00:57:13,607
We wanted to see you before we left.
964
00:57:14,230 --> 00:57:16,565
For parts unknown.
965
00:57:17,772 --> 00:57:19,440
You know who I ran into the other day?
966
00:57:20,024 --> 00:57:21,025
Eltenton.
967
00:57:22,940 --> 00:57:25,190
That chemist from Shell?
The union guy?
968
00:57:25,374 --> 00:57:27,899
Yeah, the FAECT guy.
969
00:57:29,295 --> 00:57:31,357
He was moaning about
how we're handling the war.
970
00:57:32,537 --> 00:57:33,525
How so?
971
00:57:34,217 --> 00:57:36,440
Lack of cooperation with our allies.
972
00:57:37,065 --> 00:57:40,982
Apparently, our government's not sharing
any research with the Russians.
973
00:57:41,690 --> 00:57:45,190
He said most scientists
think the policy is stupid.
974
00:57:48,565 --> 00:57:50,274
Oh, yeah?
-Yeah.
975
00:57:51,080 --> 00:57:54,815
He mentioned that if anyone had
anything they wanted to pass on,
976
00:57:55,940 --> 00:57:59,274
going around official channels,
that he could help.
977
00:58:08,107 --> 00:58:09,274
That would be treason.
978
00:58:10,614 --> 00:58:11,690
Yes, of course.
979
00:58:12,815 --> 00:58:14,024
I just thought you should know.
980
00:58:17,018 --> 00:58:18,607
The brat is down.
981
00:58:19,179 --> 00:58:20,192
Where are the martinis?
982
00:58:25,649 --> 00:58:26,650
Coming right up.
983
00:58:27,190 --> 00:58:28,899
The conversation ended there.
984
00:58:29,190 --> 00:58:32,190
Nothing in our long-standing friendship
would have led me to believe
985
00:58:32,232 --> 00:58:35,149
that Chevalier was actually
seeking information,
986
00:58:35,275 --> 00:58:39,524
and I am certain that he had no idea
of the work in which I was engaged.
987
00:58:44,607 --> 00:58:48,940
It has long been clear to me that I should
have reported this incident at once.
988
00:58:49,425 --> 00:58:52,025
The Oppenheimer situation
highlights the tension
989
00:58:52,067 --> 00:58:55,275
between scientists
and the security apparatus.
990
00:58:55,568 --> 00:58:57,942
In hopes of learning how
the nominee handled such issues
991
00:58:57,984 --> 00:58:59,734
during his time at the AEC,
992
00:59:00,092 --> 00:59:02,692
we'll have a scientist appearing
before the committee.
993
00:59:04,014 --> 00:59:05,067
Who are they bringing in?
994
00:59:05,315 --> 00:59:06,318
They hadn't said.
995
00:59:06,555 --> 00:59:10,442
Mr. Chairman, if I may,
I'm nominated for Commerce Secretary.
996
00:59:10,558 --> 00:59:12,775
Why seek the opinion of scientists?
997
00:59:13,220 --> 00:59:14,984
This is a cabinet post, Admiral.
998
00:59:15,021 --> 00:59:17,859
We seek a wide range of opinion.
999
00:59:17,900 --> 00:59:20,150
I'd like to know the name
of the scientist testifying.
1000
00:59:20,192 --> 00:59:21,775
I'd like the chance to cross-examine.
1001
00:59:22,275 --> 00:59:23,467
This is not a court.
1002
00:59:25,275 --> 00:59:26,276
Formality, huh?
1003
00:59:26,317 --> 00:59:30,359
No presidential cabinet nominee
has failed to be confirmed since 1925.
1004
00:59:30,525 --> 00:59:32,275
This is just how the game is played.
1005
00:59:32,317 --> 00:59:34,609
It's in the bag, Lewis. So play nice.
1006
00:59:35,192 --> 00:59:36,692
They bring in a scientist, so what?
1007
00:59:37,150 --> 00:59:39,275
You don't know scientists
like I do, Counselor.
1008
00:59:39,317 --> 00:59:41,484
They resent anyone who
questions their judgment,
1009
00:59:41,525 --> 00:59:42,985
especially if you're not one of them.
1010
00:59:43,275 --> 00:59:44,609
I was chair of the AEC.
1011
00:59:44,817 --> 00:59:46,900
I'm easy to blame
for what happened to Robert.
1012
00:59:46,942 --> 00:59:48,234
We can't have the Senate thinking
1013
00:59:48,275 --> 00:59:50,650
the scientific community
doesn't support you, sir.
1014
00:59:51,942 --> 00:59:53,025
Or should we pivot?
1015
00:59:53,650 --> 00:59:55,025
To what?
-And embrace it.
1016
00:59:56,067 --> 00:59:58,067
"I fought Oppenheimer,
and the US won."
1017
00:59:58,359 --> 00:59:59,900
I don't think we need to go there.
1018
00:59:59,942 --> 01:00:02,275
Isn't there someone we can call
who knows what really happened?
1019
01:00:02,317 --> 01:00:03,900
Teller.
-He'll make an impression.
1020
01:00:04,025 --> 01:00:05,817
Can you get the name
of the scientist they've called?
1021
01:00:05,900 --> 01:00:08,317
Probably.
-Find out if he was based in Chicago
1022
01:00:08,567 --> 01:00:09,984
or Los Alamos during the war.
1023
01:00:10,192 --> 01:00:11,025
Why does that matter?
1024
01:00:11,109 --> 01:00:13,775
Well, if he was based in Chicago,
they worked under Szilard and Fermi,
1025
01:00:13,817 --> 01:00:15,775
not the cult to Bobby in Los Alamos.
1026
01:00:16,252 --> 01:00:19,275
Robert built that damn place.
He was founder, mayor, sheriff.
1027
01:00:20,109 --> 01:00:21,312
All rolled into one.
1028
01:00:34,025 --> 01:00:35,734
Now all it needs is a saloon.
1029
01:01:05,525 --> 01:01:06,566
There's no kitchen.
1030
01:01:08,027 --> 01:01:10,150
Really? We'll fix that.
1031
01:01:17,275 --> 01:01:19,442
Barbed wire? Guns?
1032
01:01:20,525 --> 01:01:22,900
Oppie...
-We're at war, Hans.
1033
01:01:25,770 --> 01:01:26,770
Halifax.
1034
01:01:27,234 --> 01:01:28,317
1917.
1035
01:01:28,442 --> 01:01:31,150
A cargo ship carrying munitions
explodes in the harbor.
1036
01:01:33,775 --> 01:01:36,525
A vast and sudden chemical reaction.
1037
01:01:40,317 --> 01:01:42,859
The biggest man-made explosion in history.
1038
01:01:43,763 --> 01:01:46,525
Now, let's calculate how much more
destructive it would have been
1039
01:01:46,567 --> 01:01:49,562
if it were a nuclear and
not a chemical reaction,
1040
01:01:50,150 --> 01:01:52,817
expressing power in terms of tons of TNT.
1041
01:01:53,288 --> 01:01:54,650
But it will be thousands.
1042
01:01:55,150 --> 01:01:57,900
Well, then, kilotons.
1043
01:02:01,817 --> 01:02:04,234
Using U-235,
1044
01:02:05,109 --> 01:02:06,525
the bomb will need a...
-Uh...
1045
01:02:07,478 --> 01:02:10,734
Sorry. Gadget will need
a 33-pound sphere
1046
01:02:10,944 --> 01:02:12,192
about this size,
1047
01:02:12,353 --> 01:02:15,692
or using plutonium, a ten-pound sphere.
1048
01:02:17,612 --> 01:02:21,567
Here's the amount of uranium
Oak Ridge refined all of last month.
1049
01:02:25,609 --> 01:02:28,312
And the Hanford plant
made this much plutonium.
1050
01:02:30,634 --> 01:02:34,442
Now, if we can enrich these amounts,
we need a way to detonate them.
1051
01:02:35,567 --> 01:02:36,775
Are we boring you, Edward?
1052
01:02:37,853 --> 01:02:38,984
A little bit, yes.
1053
01:02:39,317 --> 01:02:40,484
May I ask why?
1054
01:02:40,734 --> 01:02:43,984
We all entered this room
knowing a fission bomb was possible.
1055
01:02:44,804 --> 01:02:46,525
How about we leave it with something new?
1056
01:02:46,865 --> 01:02:47,860
Such as?
1057
01:02:48,150 --> 01:02:51,692
Instead of uranium or plutonium,
we use hydrogen.
1058
01:02:52,829 --> 01:02:55,442
Heavy hydrogen. Deuterium.
1059
01:02:56,507 --> 01:02:58,859
You see, we compact the atoms together
1060
01:02:58,900 --> 01:03:02,067
under great pressure
to induce a fusion reaction.
1061
01:03:03,317 --> 01:03:07,192
Then we'll get not kilotons, but megatons.
1062
01:03:08,150 --> 01:03:09,567
Okay, hang on, hang on.
1063
01:03:10,103 --> 01:03:13,942
So how do you generate enough
force to fuse hydrogen atoms?
1064
01:03:15,150 --> 01:03:16,317
A small fission bomb.
1065
01:03:17,234 --> 01:03:18,360
There we are!
1066
01:03:20,474 --> 01:03:22,275
Well, since we're going
to need one anyway,
1067
01:03:22,317 --> 01:03:23,817
can we get back to the business at hand?
1068
01:03:24,067 --> 01:03:27,275
The isotopes issue
wasn't your most important
1069
01:03:27,609 --> 01:03:30,400
policy disagreement
with Dr. Oppenheimer.
1070
01:03:30,454 --> 01:03:32,873
It was the hydrogen bomb, wasn't it?
1071
01:03:33,025 --> 01:03:37,775
As colleagues, we agreed to disagree
on a great many things, uh...
1072
01:03:38,150 --> 01:03:41,859
And one of them was the need
for an H-bomb program, yes.
1073
01:03:55,525 --> 01:03:58,103
Thanks for convening on short notice.
1074
01:03:58,353 --> 01:03:59,395
I can't believe it.
1075
01:04:00,775 --> 01:04:04,025
But here we are. Catch me up.
What do we know?
1076
01:04:04,234 --> 01:04:08,234
One of our B-29s over the North
Pacific has detected radiation.
1077
01:04:08,648 --> 01:04:11,192
Do we have the filter papers?
-There's no doubt what this is.
1078
01:04:11,681 --> 01:04:14,567
White House says there's a doubt.
-Wishful thinking, I'm afraid.
1079
01:04:14,609 --> 01:04:17,442
Are those the long-range
detection filter papers?
1080
01:04:18,259 --> 01:04:19,567
It's an atomic test.
1081
01:04:23,234 --> 01:04:24,484
The Russians have a bomb.
1082
01:04:25,025 --> 01:04:27,650
We're supposed to be years
ahead of them, but this...
1083
01:04:28,442 --> 01:04:31,690
What were you guys doing in Los Alamos?
Wasn't security tight?
1084
01:04:31,776 --> 01:04:34,400
Of course it was. You weren't there.
-Forgive me, Doctor.
1085
01:04:36,692 --> 01:04:37,693
But I was there.
1086
01:04:39,025 --> 01:04:42,234
We can now consider the
actual mechanics of detonation.
1087
01:04:42,567 --> 01:04:45,150
Any ideas?
-I call this shooting.
1088
01:04:45,192 --> 01:04:49,067
We fire a chunk of fissionable
material into a larger sphere
1089
01:04:49,109 --> 01:04:51,150
with enough
force to achieve criticality.
1090
01:04:52,067 --> 01:04:54,783
What do we think? Anyone?
-I've been thinking about implosion.
1091
01:04:55,192 --> 01:04:58,275
Explosives around the sphere
blast inwards, crushing the material.
1092
01:04:59,317 --> 01:05:02,234
I'd like to investigate that idea.
-I'll talk to ordnance.
1093
01:05:02,317 --> 01:05:03,400
Get you blowing things up.
1094
01:05:04,650 --> 01:05:06,478
Progress?
-Nice to see you too.
1095
01:05:07,484 --> 01:05:08,775
Meet the British contingent.
1096
01:05:09,109 --> 01:05:11,150
Dr. Oppenheimer. Klaus Fuchs.
1097
01:05:11,484 --> 01:05:14,317
How long have you been British?
-Since Hitler told me I wasn't German.
1098
01:05:14,609 --> 01:05:17,317
Ah. Come, welcome to Los Alamos.
1099
01:05:18,359 --> 01:05:19,484
The school's up and running.
1100
01:05:19,890 --> 01:05:21,984
The bar.
-Always running.
1101
01:05:23,109 --> 01:05:25,150
And I thought of a way
to reduce support staff.
1102
01:05:26,734 --> 01:05:28,442
Is that...?
-Mrs. Serber, yes.
1103
01:05:28,612 --> 01:05:31,900
I've offered jobs to all the wives,
admin, librarians, computation.
1104
01:05:32,025 --> 01:05:33,984
We cut down on staff,
keep families together.
1105
01:05:34,234 --> 01:05:36,150
Are these women qualified?
-Don't be absurd.
1106
01:05:36,192 --> 01:05:38,359
These are some of the
brightest minds in our community.
1107
01:05:38,400 --> 01:05:39,817
And they're already security cleared.
1108
01:05:40,609 --> 01:05:42,688
I've informed General Groves
you've been holding cross-divisional
1109
01:05:42,712 --> 01:05:45,275
open discussions on a nightly basis.
-Shut them down.
1110
01:05:45,692 --> 01:05:47,317
Compartmentalization is the key
1111
01:05:47,525 --> 01:05:49,150
to maintaining security...
-Only the top men.
1112
01:05:49,192 --> 01:05:51,150
Who presumably
communicate with subordinates.
1113
01:05:51,199 --> 01:05:53,034
These men aren't stupid.
They can be discreet.
1114
01:05:53,317 --> 01:05:55,025
I don't like it.
-You don't like anything enough
1115
01:05:55,067 --> 01:05:56,400
for that to be a fair test.
1116
01:06:02,775 --> 01:06:04,900
Once a week. Top men only.
1117
01:06:05,483 --> 01:06:07,234
I'd like to bring my brother here.
-No.
1118
01:06:09,359 --> 01:06:10,358
Nichols?
1119
01:06:11,984 --> 01:06:14,525
I still haven't heard that my security
clearance has been approved.
1120
01:06:14,609 --> 01:06:16,484
It hasn't.
-I'm going to Chicago tomorrow.
1121
01:06:16,775 --> 01:06:17,776
Well, you should wait.
1122
01:06:18,442 --> 01:06:20,775
You are aware that the Nazis
have a two-year head start?
1123
01:06:21,020 --> 01:06:22,900
Dr. Oppenheimer, the fact
that your security clearance
1124
01:06:22,942 --> 01:06:24,995
is proving difficult
to obtain is not my fault.
1125
01:06:25,317 --> 01:06:26,299
It's yours.
1126
01:06:26,359 --> 01:06:29,123
It may not be your fault, but it's
your problem. Because I'm going.
1127
01:06:30,025 --> 01:06:32,025
And how many people were in these, uh...
1128
01:06:32,817 --> 01:06:34,817
open discussions?
1129
01:06:34,900 --> 01:06:37,273
Too many. Compartmentalization
was supposed to be the protocol.
1130
01:06:37,312 --> 01:06:38,734
We were in a race
against the Nazis.
1131
01:06:38,775 --> 01:06:41,109
And now the race
is against the Soviets.
1132
01:06:41,150 --> 01:06:45,692
Not unless we start it.
-Robert, they just fired the starting gun.
1133
01:06:46,359 --> 01:06:48,203
What's the nature of the
device they detonated?
1134
01:06:48,734 --> 01:06:52,234
Data indicates it may have been
a plutonium implosion device.
1135
01:06:52,275 --> 01:06:54,773
Like the one you built at Los Alamos.
1136
01:06:55,400 --> 01:06:56,462
The Russians have a bomb.
1137
01:06:57,109 --> 01:07:00,359
Truman needs to know what's next.
-What's next? Arms talks.
1138
01:07:00,609 --> 01:07:01,734
Arms talks?
-Obviously.
1139
01:07:03,150 --> 01:07:05,900
What about the Super?
Does Truman even know about it?
1140
01:07:05,942 --> 01:07:07,309
Did we brief him on that?
1141
01:07:07,900 --> 01:07:08,950
Not specifically.
1142
01:07:09,234 --> 01:07:12,036
We still don't know if a hydrogen
bomb is technically feasible.
1143
01:07:12,109 --> 01:07:14,442
Right, my understanding
is that Teller proposed it.
1144
01:07:14,484 --> 01:07:15,609
Yes.
-At Los Alamos?
1145
01:07:15,650 --> 01:07:17,942
Teller's designs have
always been wildly impractical.
1146
01:07:17,984 --> 01:07:20,984
You'd have to deliver
by oxcart, not airplane.
1147
01:07:21,317 --> 01:07:23,025
Oppie!
-I'm sorry, Dr. Lawrence,
1148
01:07:23,067 --> 01:07:24,359
do you want to comment?
1149
01:07:26,192 --> 01:07:27,194
No.
1150
01:07:29,192 --> 01:07:31,234
Because if it can
put us ahead again,
1151
01:07:31,797 --> 01:07:36,275
the President of the United States
needs to know about it.
1152
01:07:38,359 --> 01:07:41,150
And if the Russians know
about it already from a spy,
1153
01:07:41,352 --> 01:07:44,344
at Los Alamos, then
we've got to get going.
1154
01:07:44,390 --> 01:07:46,969
There's no proof there
was a spy at Los Alamos.
1155
01:07:47,317 --> 01:07:48,317
Robert.
1156
01:07:53,359 --> 01:07:54,734
They put it under the football stadium?
1157
01:07:55,150 --> 01:07:56,442
The field's not in use anymore.
1158
01:07:57,067 --> 01:07:58,113
Just as well.
1159
01:08:01,150 --> 01:08:02,900
Oppie!
-Dr. Fermi.
1160
01:08:05,900 --> 01:08:08,609
I hear you've got a little town.
-Yes, come and see.
1161
01:08:10,025 --> 01:08:13,067
Who could think straight
in a place like that, huh?
1162
01:08:14,275 --> 01:08:15,775
Everybody will go crazy.
1163
01:08:17,067 --> 01:08:19,109
Thank you the vote
of confidence, Szilard.
1164
01:08:20,567 --> 01:08:23,067
Do we really... do we really
need that in the notes?
1165
01:08:24,210 --> 01:08:25,570
Are you gonna try it out?
1166
01:08:26,234 --> 01:08:27,234
We did.
1167
01:08:27,775 --> 01:08:30,817
The first self-sustaining
nuclear chain reaction.
1168
01:08:31,817 --> 01:08:32,859
Didn't Groves tell you?
1169
01:08:33,942 --> 01:08:34,952
No.
1170
01:08:42,580 --> 01:08:43,734
Dr. Oppenheimer?
1171
01:08:44,859 --> 01:08:46,067
I tried personnel.
1172
01:08:46,234 --> 01:08:48,817
They asked if I could type.
-Can you?
1173
01:08:48,942 --> 01:08:51,650
Harvard forgot to teach that on
the graduate chemistry course.
1174
01:08:53,692 --> 01:08:56,109
Condon, put Mrs. Hornig
here on the plutonium team.
1175
01:09:02,025 --> 01:09:03,817
What the hell were you doing in Chicago?
1176
01:09:04,234 --> 01:09:05,692
Visiting the met.
-Why?
1177
01:09:05,734 --> 01:09:06,900
You can't...
-Why?
1178
01:09:06,942 --> 01:09:08,275
Because we, we have every right...
1179
01:09:08,317 --> 01:09:12,317
You have just the rights that
I give you. No more, no less.
1180
01:09:12,817 --> 01:09:15,775
We are adults trying to run
a project here. This is ridiculous.
1181
01:09:16,567 --> 01:09:17,569
Tell him!
1182
01:09:18,995 --> 01:09:21,525
Compartmentalization
is the protocol we agreed to.
1183
01:09:22,942 --> 01:09:26,192
Enough of this madhouse.
Nobody can work under these conditions.
1184
01:09:26,234 --> 01:09:29,859
You know what?
Generalissimo, I quit!
1185
01:09:30,734 --> 01:09:31,734
Thanks for nothing.
1186
01:09:34,317 --> 01:09:35,317
Better off without him.
1187
01:09:36,984 --> 01:09:39,734
Aren't you more concerned
about his discretion out there?
1188
01:09:41,025 --> 01:09:42,026
We'll have him killed.
1189
01:09:44,275 --> 01:09:45,276
I'm just kidding.
1190
01:09:46,400 --> 01:09:48,067
No, he hates me, not America.
1191
01:09:48,734 --> 01:09:51,317
You know, General, not everyone
has levers to pull like mine.
1192
01:09:52,234 --> 01:09:53,234
I don't think I understand.
1193
01:09:53,817 --> 01:09:57,352
You didn't hire me despite my left-wing
past. You hired me because of it.
1194
01:09:58,525 --> 01:09:59,984
So you could control me.
1195
01:10:00,734 --> 01:10:04,203
No, I'm not that subtle.
I'm just a humble soldier.
1196
01:10:04,942 --> 01:10:08,442
You're neither humble, nor just a soldier.
You studied engineering at MIT.
1197
01:10:08,650 --> 01:10:10,817
Guilty as charged.
-Well, now we understand each other,
1198
01:10:10,859 --> 01:10:12,692
perhaps you can get
me my security clearance,
1199
01:10:12,734 --> 01:10:14,609
so I can perform
this miracle for you.
1200
01:10:20,859 --> 01:10:22,025
General Groves,
were you aware
1201
01:10:22,067 --> 01:10:25,442
of Dr. Oppenheimer's left-wing
associations when you appointed him?
1202
01:10:25,609 --> 01:10:27,734
I was aware that there
were suspicions about him.
1203
01:10:27,775 --> 01:10:30,775
I was aware he had a very
extreme liberal background.
1204
01:10:31,026 --> 01:10:34,204
In your opinion, would he ever
consciously commit a disloyal act?
1205
01:10:34,298 --> 01:10:35,900
I would be amazed if he did.
1206
01:10:36,048 --> 01:10:38,594
So you had complete
confidence in his integrity?
1207
01:10:38,813 --> 01:10:41,567
At Los Alamos, yes. Which
is where I really knew him.
1208
01:10:41,775 --> 01:10:44,243
Do you know that your
security officers on the project
1209
01:10:44,298 --> 01:10:46,609
advised you against the
clearance of Dr. Oppenheimer?
1210
01:10:46,650 --> 01:10:50,525
They could not, and would not,
clear him until I insisted.
1211
01:10:50,692 --> 01:10:52,567
And it's safe to say that you
had pretty good knowledge
1212
01:10:52,609 --> 01:10:54,900
of Dr. Oppenheimer's security file.
-I did.
1213
01:10:56,150 --> 01:10:58,567
Well, then there's only really one
question I need answered here today.
1214
01:10:58,650 --> 01:11:02,900
In light of the current AEC guidelines,
would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today?
1215
01:11:03,488 --> 01:11:04,609
Do you have the guidelines?
1216
01:11:12,484 --> 01:11:14,734
Under current AEC guidelines,
1217
01:11:14,880 --> 01:11:17,900
would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today?
1218
01:11:30,192 --> 01:11:31,609
Physics and New Mexico, huh?
1219
01:11:33,154 --> 01:11:35,400
My god. What a trek.
1220
01:11:36,317 --> 01:11:38,775
That's why you need a liaison.
-I'm appointing Lomanitz.
1221
01:11:40,359 --> 01:11:42,234
You're gonna be okay.
This way, gentlemen.
1222
01:11:52,734 --> 01:11:54,387
Dr. Lawrence.
-Leslie.
1223
01:11:55,150 --> 01:11:57,109
I'd like to remind you what
we talked about at Berkeley.
1224
01:11:57,275 --> 01:11:59,067
Compartmentalization,
I understand completely.
1225
01:12:14,442 --> 01:12:15,734
Greetings from Berkeley.
1226
01:12:15,900 --> 01:12:18,817
I am here to update you on our
progress and solicit your input.
1227
01:12:19,278 --> 01:12:21,649
To do so, I am going to have
to share a few things that
1228
01:12:21,692 --> 01:12:23,400
General Groves told me not to.
1229
01:12:24,192 --> 01:12:26,942
Sorry General, I said I understood,
not that I agreed.
1230
01:12:27,359 --> 01:12:30,317
Okay. Gentlemen, to business!
1231
01:12:30,817 --> 01:12:32,734
There were rumors of espionage
1232
01:12:32,775 --> 01:12:34,775
at Los Alamos.
-Unsubstantiated.
1233
01:12:34,817 --> 01:12:37,150
I'm told that there were communists
1234
01:12:37,192 --> 01:12:38,734
on the project.
-We didn't knowingly employ...
1235
01:12:38,775 --> 01:12:40,900
I just want to know,
were any of them involved
1236
01:12:40,942 --> 01:12:42,359
in discussions of the Super?
1237
01:12:42,734 --> 01:12:45,275
I seem to remember you demanding
your brother come to Los Alamos.
1238
01:12:45,317 --> 01:12:48,039
My brother had left the party by then.
-What about Lomanitz?
1239
01:12:48,234 --> 01:12:51,234
Lomanitz was never employed
at Los Alamos. He was a liaison.
1240
01:12:51,525 --> 01:12:54,025
Our security was tight,
as former Colonel Nichols well knows.
1241
01:12:54,067 --> 01:12:56,741
Our security was as tight as it could be
given the personalities involved,
1242
01:12:56,765 --> 01:12:57,834
but attempts were made.
1243
01:12:58,234 --> 01:13:00,817
What is that supposed to mean?
-We've all read his file here.
1244
01:13:02,150 --> 01:13:03,734
Do we need to talk about Jean Tatlock?
1245
01:13:05,442 --> 01:13:06,942
Or the Chevalier incident?
1246
01:13:11,567 --> 01:13:12,569
Excuse me.
1247
01:13:15,234 --> 01:13:17,109
Lomanitz, line one!
1248
01:13:24,067 --> 01:13:26,025
Hello, Rossi. What?
1249
01:13:27,067 --> 01:13:28,067
Okay, just calm down.
1250
01:13:29,359 --> 01:13:30,442
There's been another screwup.
1251
01:13:30,650 --> 01:13:33,817
Lomanitz just got drafted.
-We are at war, Doctor.
1252
01:13:33,942 --> 01:13:37,025
Don't be an asshole, Nichols.
We need this kid. Fix it, will you?
1253
01:13:37,567 --> 01:13:38,514
It wasn't a mistake.
1254
01:13:38,538 --> 01:13:41,403
Your friend Lomanitz has been
trying to unionize the radiation lab.
1255
01:13:41,692 --> 01:13:44,442
He promised to quit all that.
-Well, he hasn't.
1256
01:13:45,400 --> 01:13:48,321
The security officer at Berkeley is
concerned about communist infiltration
1257
01:13:48,408 --> 01:13:51,567
through that union, the FA...
-FAECT.
1258
01:13:54,775 --> 01:13:58,025
While I'm there next week,
I'll... drop in to see him.
1259
01:14:00,400 --> 01:14:01,871
Your Q clearance came through.
1260
01:14:05,650 --> 01:14:08,902
It's important you not maintain
or renew any questionable associations.
1261
01:14:14,359 --> 01:14:16,275
Doctor, did you think social contacts
1262
01:14:16,317 --> 01:14:20,567
between a person engaged on secret
war work and communists was dangerous?
1263
01:14:20,609 --> 01:14:23,359
My awareness of the danger
would be greater today.
1264
01:14:24,525 --> 01:14:26,900
I mean, it's fair to say
that during the war years,
1265
01:14:27,442 --> 01:14:30,234
you felt that such contacts
were potentially dangerous.
1266
01:14:36,942 --> 01:14:38,859
Were conceivably dangerous, yes.
1267
01:14:39,900 --> 01:14:40,901
I mean, really!
1268
01:14:42,067 --> 01:14:43,150
Known communists.
1269
01:14:46,359 --> 01:14:47,367
Look...
1270
01:14:48,692 --> 01:14:52,484
I've had a lot of secrets
in my head for a long time.
1271
01:14:53,902 --> 01:14:58,108
Doesn't matter who I associate with,
I don't talk about those secrets.
1272
01:15:05,859 --> 01:15:06,984
You said in your statement
1273
01:15:08,484 --> 01:15:12,859
that you had to see Jean Tatlock in 1943.
1274
01:15:14,817 --> 01:15:15,826
You left.
1275
01:15:17,650 --> 01:15:18,653
Not a word.
1276
01:15:19,484 --> 01:15:21,067
What did you think that would do to me?
1277
01:15:22,734 --> 01:15:23,734
I wrote.
1278
01:15:24,109 --> 01:15:25,234
Pages of nothing.
1279
01:15:28,692 --> 01:15:29,692
Where did you go?
1280
01:15:31,817 --> 01:15:33,317
I can't tell you.
-Why not?
1281
01:15:33,400 --> 01:15:34,692
Because you're a communist.
1282
01:15:37,942 --> 01:15:39,359
Why did you have to see her?
1283
01:15:39,859 --> 01:15:44,192
She had indicated a great desire
to see me before we left.
1284
01:15:44,317 --> 01:15:48,317
At that time I couldn't,
but I felt that she had to see me.
1285
01:15:49,317 --> 01:15:53,353
She was undergoing psychiatric treatment.
She was extremely unhappy.
1286
01:15:53,715 --> 01:15:55,984
Did you find out why she had to see you?
1287
01:16:01,359 --> 01:16:02,692
Because she was still in love with me.
1288
01:16:10,775 --> 01:16:12,234
You spent the night together, didn't you?
1289
01:16:20,484 --> 01:16:21,482
Yes.
1290
01:16:27,900 --> 01:16:32,734
You drop in and out of my life,
and you don't have to tell me why.
1291
01:16:33,859 --> 01:16:36,555
And that's power.
-Not that I enjoy.
1292
01:16:37,817 --> 01:16:40,192
I'd rather be here for you as you need.
1293
01:16:40,692 --> 01:16:42,650
But you have
other priorities now.
1294
01:16:43,543 --> 01:16:45,234
I have a wife and child.
1295
01:16:46,609 --> 01:16:48,859
That's not what either
of us is talking about.
1296
01:16:52,775 --> 01:16:55,817
Jean... you asked me to come.
1297
01:16:57,359 --> 01:16:58,567
And I'm glad I did.
1298
01:17:00,025 --> 01:17:01,359
But I can't see you again.
1299
01:17:04,900 --> 01:17:06,192
But what if I need you?
1300
01:17:10,484 --> 01:17:12,400
You said you would
always answer.
1301
01:17:15,650 --> 01:17:16,651
Not a word?
1302
01:17:18,150 --> 01:17:20,109
Did you think that
consistent with good security?
1303
01:17:20,317 --> 01:17:21,484
As a matter of fact, it was.
1304
01:17:22,400 --> 01:17:23,402
Not a word.
1305
01:17:24,567 --> 01:17:25,900
When did you see her after that?
1306
01:17:34,734 --> 01:17:35,859
I never saw her again.
1307
01:17:42,859 --> 01:17:44,861
I can make the last
train back to Princeton.
1308
01:17:45,900 --> 01:17:48,567
Kitty, I didn't say anything
that I hadn't already told you.
1309
01:17:48,609 --> 01:17:50,567
Today you said it to history, didn't you?
1310
01:17:50,609 --> 01:17:51,817
This is a closed hearing.
1311
01:17:54,067 --> 01:17:56,525
If they don't release the
transcript, I'm sure you will.
1312
01:17:56,567 --> 01:17:58,942
I was under oath.
-Well, you were under an oath to me
1313
01:17:58,984 --> 01:18:00,109
when you went to see Jean.
1314
01:18:01,734 --> 01:18:02,735
You know, you...
1315
01:18:03,942 --> 01:18:06,567
You sit there, day after day,
1316
01:18:07,525 --> 01:18:09,484
letting them pick our lives to pieces.
1317
01:18:12,400 --> 01:18:13,484
Why won't you fight?
1318
01:18:17,275 --> 01:18:19,692
Robert, I'm not putting her up there.
1319
01:18:25,817 --> 01:18:28,400
Dr. Oppenheimer! This is
an honor. Please, take a seat.
1320
01:18:28,650 --> 01:18:31,532
No need. I just wanted to check
whether I should...
1321
01:18:32,025 --> 01:18:34,445
talk to Lomanitz while I'm here,
given your concerns.
1322
01:18:34,602 --> 01:18:37,368
I'd say that's really up to you,
Professor, but I'd be cautious.
1323
01:18:37,859 --> 01:18:38,859
Understood.
1324
01:18:39,067 --> 01:18:41,484
Oh, and, um, as regards to the union,
1325
01:18:41,525 --> 01:18:44,859
I wanted to give you a heads up
on a man named Eltenton.
1326
01:18:45,109 --> 01:18:46,108
A heads up?
1327
01:18:46,150 --> 01:18:49,525
Yes, just that he might
bear watching, is all.
1328
01:18:51,150 --> 01:18:52,484
I'd love to get more details.
1329
01:18:53,609 --> 01:18:55,942
I have an appointment now,
and I leave early tomorrow.
1330
01:18:56,056 --> 01:18:57,442
Well, come back
as early as you like.
1331
01:18:58,234 --> 01:18:59,275
Since you haven't time now.
1332
01:19:00,692 --> 01:19:04,025
You went back the next morning.
-I did. I had to, really.
1333
01:19:05,484 --> 01:19:06,650
This time there was another man.
1334
01:19:08,859 --> 01:19:12,757
He said his name was Pash.
-Pash. You met Colonel Pash?
1335
01:19:12,900 --> 01:19:17,775
Colonel Pash, could you please read
from your memo dated June 29, 1943?
1336
01:19:20,025 --> 01:19:22,442
"Results of surveillance
conducted on subject
1337
01:19:22,484 --> 01:19:25,192
"indicate further possible
Communist Party connections."
1338
01:19:25,376 --> 01:19:28,942
"Subject met with and spent
considerable time with one Jean Tatlock,
1339
01:19:28,984 --> 01:19:31,192
"a communist, the record
of whom is attached."
1340
01:19:31,234 --> 01:19:33,692
The subject being Dr. Oppenheimer?
-Yes.
1341
01:19:33,942 --> 01:19:36,900
Whom you had not met?
-Not then, but soon after.
1342
01:19:37,074 --> 01:19:39,484
He's the head of security
for the project. Shouldn't I know him?
1343
01:19:39,614 --> 01:19:41,067
No, he should know you.
1344
01:19:41,900 --> 01:19:43,650
I would never put you in a room with Pash.
1345
01:19:43,692 --> 01:19:44,709
Why not?
1346
01:19:44,817 --> 01:19:46,484
When Pash first heard about Lomanitz,
1347
01:19:46,817 --> 01:19:49,419
he told the FBI he was
going to kidnap him,
1348
01:19:49,859 --> 01:19:50,984
take him out on a boat,
1349
01:19:51,525 --> 01:19:53,817
and interrogate him in the Russian manner.
1350
01:19:57,109 --> 01:19:59,275
General Groves has placed
in me a certain responsibility,
1351
01:19:59,317 --> 01:20:03,734
and it's like having a child who
I can't see, by remote control.
1352
01:20:05,109 --> 01:20:06,442
So to actually meet you is...
1353
01:20:08,442 --> 01:20:10,184
I won't take up too much of your time.
-Oh, no.
1354
01:20:10,285 --> 01:20:11,984
Not at all. Whatever time you choose.
1355
01:20:13,317 --> 01:20:15,535
Mr. Johnson told me of the
conversation you had yesterday,
1356
01:20:15,629 --> 01:20:18,192
which I'm very interested in.
It's had me worried all day.
1357
01:20:19,150 --> 01:20:22,525
Yes, well, I didn't want to talk
to Lomanitz without authorization.
1358
01:20:22,817 --> 01:20:24,650
That's not the particular
interest that I have.
1359
01:20:24,692 --> 01:20:25,984
It's something a little bit more...
1360
01:20:27,817 --> 01:20:29,234
In my opinion, more serious.
1361
01:20:29,309 --> 01:20:30,650
And then when the FBI pointed out
1362
01:20:30,692 --> 01:20:33,525
that such information
wouldn't be admissible in court,
1363
01:20:33,567 --> 01:20:35,275
Pash made it clear he had no intention
1364
01:20:35,317 --> 01:20:37,504
of leaving any witness left to prosecute.
1365
01:20:37,859 --> 01:20:40,946
Now, the FBI talked him down,
but that's the man you're dancing with.
1366
01:20:41,234 --> 01:20:43,650
I gather you've heard
there are other parties
1367
01:20:43,692 --> 01:20:45,525
interested in the work
of the radiation lab?
1368
01:20:46,817 --> 01:20:50,942
A man attached to the
Soviet consul indicated,
1369
01:20:51,484 --> 01:20:54,984
through intermediate people,
to people on this project,
1370
01:20:55,067 --> 01:20:58,234
that he was in a position
to transmit information.
1371
01:20:58,442 --> 01:21:00,734
Well, why would anyone
on the project want to do that?
1372
01:21:02,817 --> 01:21:06,275
Frankly, I can see that there might be
an argument for the Commander-in-Chief
1373
01:21:06,317 --> 01:21:09,714
informing the Russians,
they're our allies, after all, but...
1374
01:21:09,777 --> 01:21:12,112
I don't like the idea of it
going out the back door.
1375
01:21:12,484 --> 01:21:14,692
It might not hurt to be
on the lookout for it.
1376
01:21:16,109 --> 01:21:17,359
And you said that to Pash.
1377
01:21:17,900 --> 01:21:21,734
I was trying to put it in the context
of "Russia's not Germany".
1378
01:21:22,328 --> 01:21:26,692
Boris Pash is the son
of a Russian Orthodox bishop.
1379
01:21:26,734 --> 01:21:30,859
Born here, but in 1918 he went back
to Russia to fight the Bolsheviks.
1380
01:21:31,359 --> 01:21:33,859
This is a man who has killed
communists with his own hands.
1381
01:21:34,442 --> 01:21:36,775
I'm not the judge of who should
or should not have information.
1382
01:21:37,317 --> 01:21:39,567
It's my business to stop it
from going through illegally.
1383
01:21:40,025 --> 01:21:41,234
Could you be a little more specific?
1384
01:21:44,525 --> 01:21:49,109
There's a man whose name was mentioned
to me, a couple of times, Eltenton.
1385
01:21:50,859 --> 01:21:53,067
I believe he's a chemist
who works at Shell.
1386
01:21:53,817 --> 01:21:56,692
He talked to a friend of his,
1387
01:21:56,775 --> 01:21:59,442
who's an acquaintance
of someone on the project.
1388
01:22:01,859 --> 01:22:03,817
And you thought Pash
would be satisfied with that?
1389
01:22:03,900 --> 01:22:07,650
I was attempting to give them
Eltenton without opening a can of worms.
1390
01:22:07,692 --> 01:22:09,317
I told them a cock-and-bull story.
1391
01:22:09,650 --> 01:22:11,817
Did you lie to General Groves, too?
-No.
1392
01:22:12,317 --> 01:22:14,817
I admitted to him that I'd lied to Pash.
1393
01:22:14,942 --> 01:22:17,942
Do you recall this conversation
about the Chevalier incident?
1394
01:22:18,817 --> 01:22:20,734
I've seen so many versions of it, uh...
1395
01:22:21,270 --> 01:22:23,942
Wasn't confused before,
but I'm certainly getting there now.
1396
01:22:24,199 --> 01:22:27,025
And what was your conclusion?
-That he was under the influence
1397
01:22:27,067 --> 01:22:30,525
of the typical American
schoolboy attitude
1398
01:22:30,567 --> 01:22:33,734
that there's something wicked
about telling on a friend.
1399
01:22:34,192 --> 01:22:37,984
Well now, might we know through
whom the contact was made?
1400
01:22:39,150 --> 01:22:42,692
That would involve people who
are not to be involved in this.
1401
01:22:43,025 --> 01:22:45,692
Is that someone a member of the project?
1402
01:22:46,408 --> 01:22:49,713
A member of the faculty, yes,
but not in the project, no.
1403
01:22:49,875 --> 01:22:50,875
Ah...
1404
01:22:51,525 --> 01:22:55,734
So Eltenton made his approach through
a member of the faculty here at Berkeley.
1405
01:22:58,025 --> 01:23:00,359
As far as I know, as far as I know, yes.
1406
01:23:00,650 --> 01:23:04,900
But there... may have been...
more than one person involved.
1407
01:23:10,150 --> 01:23:12,859
Gentlemen, if I...
if I seem uncooperative,
1408
01:23:12,900 --> 01:23:15,484
I think you can understand
it's because of my insistence
1409
01:23:15,525 --> 01:23:17,531
on not getting innocent
people into trouble.
1410
01:23:18,317 --> 01:23:21,067
You're trying to protect your
friend. Who's protecting you?
1411
01:23:21,538 --> 01:23:22,528
Well, you could.
1412
01:23:23,038 --> 01:23:25,567
If you gave me the name...
-If you order me to, I'll do it.
1413
01:23:25,809 --> 01:23:28,650
That's a mistake, Robert.
You need to volunteer this name.
1414
01:23:30,317 --> 01:23:31,645
Did he give you the name?
1415
01:23:31,778 --> 01:23:33,192
He did.
-But not then, did he?
1416
01:23:33,359 --> 01:23:34,359
No.
-No, in fact,
1417
01:23:34,400 --> 01:23:35,775
it was some months later, wasn't it?
1418
01:23:36,775 --> 01:23:37,608
It was.
1419
01:23:37,817 --> 01:23:39,984
You see me as persistent.
-Well, you are...
1420
01:23:40,789 --> 01:23:42,359
you are persistent,
but that is your job.
1421
01:23:42,625 --> 01:23:45,883
And, and my job is to protect
the people that work for me.
1422
01:23:46,156 --> 01:23:47,817
Instead of us going
on certain steps,
1423
01:23:48,359 --> 01:23:49,734
which may come to your attention...
1424
01:23:51,650 --> 01:23:53,192
and be disturbing to you,
1425
01:23:53,817 --> 01:23:55,692
I would like to discuss
those with you first.
1426
01:23:56,525 --> 01:23:59,734
I'm not formulating a plan, I'll just
have to digest the whole thing.
1427
01:24:04,692 --> 01:24:07,775
In the months in between your
interview with Dr. Oppenheimer,
1428
01:24:07,817 --> 01:24:11,900
and his eventual naming of Chevalier,
did you expend resources trying to find
1429
01:24:11,942 --> 01:24:15,192
the name of the intermediary?
-Considerable resources, yes.
1430
01:24:15,942 --> 01:24:18,067
Without the name, our job
was extremely difficult.
1431
01:24:18,231 --> 01:24:21,359
And when did you receive the name?
-I was gone by the time Oppenheimer
1432
01:24:21,400 --> 01:24:22,917
finally offered it up.
-Gone?
1433
01:24:23,359 --> 01:24:25,418
They felt my time would
be better spent in Europe,
1434
01:24:25,609 --> 01:24:27,775
determining the status
of the Nazi bomb project.
1435
01:24:28,289 --> 01:24:29,289
Who did?
1436
01:24:30,442 --> 01:24:31,443
General Groves.
1437
01:24:32,442 --> 01:24:33,567
He transferred me to London.
1438
01:24:40,817 --> 01:24:42,609
It's a little early for a Christmas party.
1439
01:24:42,692 --> 01:24:43,692
Something's up.
1440
01:24:44,567 --> 01:24:45,609
Tolman's been away.
1441
01:24:46,942 --> 01:24:47,947
Where?
1442
01:24:48,418 --> 01:24:49,400
Ruth won't tell.
1443
01:24:59,692 --> 01:25:00,734
Come on, Ruthie.
1444
01:25:00,984 --> 01:25:02,650
If you can't tell me, who can you tell?
1445
01:25:03,442 --> 01:25:05,234
Compartmentalization, Oppie.
1446
01:25:06,025 --> 01:25:07,838
What makes you think
I know where he is, anyway?
1447
01:25:08,067 --> 01:25:09,567
Because you do a pretty good job
1448
01:25:09,609 --> 01:25:11,740
of knowing where
Mr. Tolman is when it counts.
1449
01:25:12,734 --> 01:25:13,737
Like now?
1450
01:25:13,775 --> 01:25:16,817
Attention!
1451
01:25:20,078 --> 01:25:21,692
Early Christmas present for you all.
1452
01:25:30,234 --> 01:25:32,484
The British pilot put
me in the bomb bay.
1453
01:25:32,525 --> 01:25:35,900
He showed me the oxygen,
you know, but I messed it up.
1454
01:25:36,163 --> 01:25:38,900
Um, when they opened me up
in Scotland, I was unconscious.
1455
01:25:39,359 --> 01:25:41,317
But I pretended I'd been napping.
1456
01:25:42,317 --> 01:25:43,484
Please enjoy your party.
1457
01:25:44,984 --> 01:25:47,359
Is it big enough?
-To end the war?
1458
01:25:48,374 --> 01:25:50,067
To end all war.
1459
01:25:53,775 --> 01:25:57,275
Uh, Heisenberg sought me out
in Copenhagen.
1460
01:25:58,150 --> 01:26:01,609
It was chilling, my old student
working for the Nazis.
1461
01:26:01,650 --> 01:26:05,192
He told me some
things to draw me out.
1462
01:26:06,150 --> 01:26:09,067
Sustained fission
reactions in uranium.
1463
01:26:09,192 --> 01:26:11,109
That sounds more like
a reactor than a bomb.
1464
01:26:11,484 --> 01:26:13,109
Did he mention
gaseous diffusion?
1465
01:26:13,484 --> 01:26:15,817
He seemed more
focused on heavy water.
1466
01:26:16,150 --> 01:26:18,609
As a moderator?
-Yes, instead of graphite.
1467
01:26:22,109 --> 01:26:23,109
What?
1468
01:26:23,991 --> 01:26:25,025
He took a wrong turn.
1469
01:26:25,942 --> 01:26:26,945
We're ahead.
1470
01:26:27,025 --> 01:26:28,497
And with you here to help us, Niels...
1471
01:26:28,984 --> 01:26:32,275
Sorry, could you give us
a moment, gentlemen?
1472
01:26:39,109 --> 01:26:41,109
I am not here to help, Robert.
1473
01:26:41,817 --> 01:26:43,452
I knew you could do this without me.
1474
01:26:43,734 --> 01:26:46,317
Then why did you come?
-To talk about after.
1475
01:26:46,525 --> 01:26:50,317
The power you're about to
reveal will forever outlive the Nazis.
1476
01:26:51,525 --> 01:26:52,984
And the world is not prepared.
1477
01:26:53,442 --> 01:26:56,859
"You can lift the stone without being
ready for the snake that's revealed."
1478
01:26:56,900 --> 01:26:59,817
We have to make the politicians
understand this isn't a new weapon.
1479
01:27:00,859 --> 01:27:01,941
It's a new world.
1480
01:27:02,746 --> 01:27:04,859
I'll be out there doing
what I can, but you...
1481
01:27:05,859 --> 01:27:08,192
You're an American Prometheus.
1482
01:27:08,546 --> 01:27:12,353
The man who gave them the
power to destroy themselves.
1483
01:27:12,650 --> 01:27:14,150
And they'll respect that.
1484
01:27:14,326 --> 01:27:16,150
Your work really begins.
1485
01:27:20,942 --> 01:27:23,150
I'm sorry, Oppie, but there's a call.
1486
01:27:25,150 --> 01:27:26,317
From San Francisco.
1487
01:27:33,692 --> 01:27:34,694
Robert!
1488
01:27:39,234 --> 01:27:40,218
Robert?
1489
01:27:40,900 --> 01:27:41,904
Robert.
1490
01:27:42,359 --> 01:27:43,359
Robert.
1491
01:27:43,442 --> 01:27:44,567
God, what's the matter?
1492
01:27:45,234 --> 01:27:46,235
What happened?
1493
01:27:48,025 --> 01:27:49,067
Her father called.
1494
01:27:50,109 --> 01:27:51,692
He found her yesterday in the bath.
1495
01:27:53,442 --> 01:27:54,445
Who?
1496
01:27:55,775 --> 01:27:58,525
She's taken pills.
Left a note, not signed.
1497
01:28:00,442 --> 01:28:03,150
She took barbiturates, but there
was chloral hydrate in her blood.
1498
01:28:07,109 --> 01:28:08,109
There was a note.
1499
01:28:08,775 --> 01:28:09,817
Jean Tatlock?
1500
01:28:16,942 --> 01:28:17,943
We were together.
1501
01:28:18,782 --> 01:28:20,109
She said she needed me. I...
1502
01:28:23,109 --> 01:28:24,110
I told her I...
1503
01:28:24,609 --> 01:28:25,610
I wouldn't...
1504
01:28:26,025 --> 01:28:27,027
I told her I...
1505
01:28:28,067 --> 01:28:29,317
No, it was me, it was me.
1506
01:28:32,534 --> 01:28:34,359
You don't get to commit the sin
1507
01:28:34,581 --> 01:28:37,713
and then have us all feel sorry
for you that it had consequences.
1508
01:28:41,109 --> 01:28:43,109
Now you pull yourself together.
1509
01:28:47,234 --> 01:28:48,817
You know, people here depend on you.
1510
01:28:51,859 --> 01:28:53,692
Donald, would you like
to contribute here?
1511
01:28:53,734 --> 01:28:54,817
Please, help me out.
-You're on your own, pal.
1512
01:28:54,859 --> 01:28:57,709
Bob, I'm not quitting my job
because plutonium is radioactive.
1513
01:28:57,779 --> 01:28:59,942
We just don't know what it might do
1514
01:28:59,984 --> 01:29:02,275
to the female reproductive system.
-Your reproductive system
1515
01:29:02,317 --> 01:29:04,859
is more exposed than mine, presumably.
-Can we please?
1516
01:29:05,234 --> 01:29:08,442
The implosion device is nowhere.
-We can't rush everything. Oppie, please.
1517
01:29:08,484 --> 01:29:11,025
Well, there's rushing and there's
getting on with it, so pick one.
1518
01:29:11,067 --> 01:29:12,734
Wait, wait, wait.
Neddermeyer is doing his job.
1519
01:29:13,109 --> 01:29:15,692
Teller's not helping.
You're not helping.
1520
01:29:15,734 --> 01:29:18,567
I've been asking for calculations
on the implosion lenses for weeks.
1521
01:29:18,609 --> 01:29:20,734
The British can do it. Fuchs.
-Absolutely.
1522
01:29:21,067 --> 01:29:24,192
It's your job, Teller.
-I'm engaged in research.
1523
01:29:24,317 --> 01:29:26,432
On a hydrogen bomb
we're not even building!
1524
01:29:35,442 --> 01:29:36,692
I won't work with that man.
1525
01:29:36,900 --> 01:29:39,067
Oh. Let him go.
1526
01:29:39,734 --> 01:29:41,359
He's a prima donna!
-I agree.
1527
01:29:41,900 --> 01:29:43,067
He should leave Los Alamos.
-Okay.
1528
01:29:44,294 --> 01:29:47,442
Kisti, you replace Neddermeyer.
Seth, I'm putting you on plutonium.
1529
01:29:47,484 --> 01:29:50,775
Lilli, you go on for Kisti,
because he needs you.
1530
01:29:51,109 --> 01:29:52,734
Fuchs, you take Teller's role.
1531
01:29:52,775 --> 01:29:54,858
I'm putting you exclusively
on the implosion device.
1532
01:29:55,442 --> 01:29:58,984
And no one is leaving Los Alamos.
1533
01:30:13,775 --> 01:30:16,817
They won't let me leave!
-No, I won't let you leave.
1534
01:30:18,734 --> 01:30:20,859
Forget Hans, forget fission.
1535
01:30:21,619 --> 01:30:23,734
Stay here, research what you want.
1536
01:30:24,525 --> 01:30:26,567
Fusion, the hydrogen bomb, whatever.
1537
01:30:26,859 --> 01:30:29,442
We'll meet to discuss it.
-You don't have time to meet.
1538
01:30:29,900 --> 01:30:33,359
You're a politician now, Robert. You've
left physics behind many, many years ago.
1539
01:30:34,984 --> 01:30:35,979
Once a week.
1540
01:30:36,692 --> 01:30:37,984
One hour, you and me.
1541
01:30:44,442 --> 01:30:45,942
Now raise this fucking barrier!
1542
01:30:51,025 --> 01:30:54,192
So the Super was under development
on your watch at Los Alamos?
1543
01:30:54,859 --> 01:30:55,848
Yes.
1544
01:30:56,275 --> 01:30:59,692
And yet, after the war,
you tried to deny it was viable.
1545
01:30:59,859 --> 01:31:02,984
No, no, no. I pointed out
technical difficulties with it.
1546
01:31:03,150 --> 01:31:04,775
Didn't you try to kill it
at the AEC meeting
1547
01:31:04,817 --> 01:31:06,359
after the Russian bomb test?
-No.
1548
01:31:06,567 --> 01:31:09,400
But that was the recommendation
of the AEC, was it not?
1549
01:31:09,734 --> 01:31:12,484
After hours of discussion
about the best response.
1550
01:31:13,025 --> 01:31:17,984
An H-bomb is 1,000 times
the power of an A-bomb.
1551
01:31:19,150 --> 01:31:22,359
Its only intended target
would be the largest cities.
1552
01:31:23,234 --> 01:31:25,192
It's a weapon of mass genocide.
-Izzy.
1553
01:31:25,400 --> 01:31:27,484
Draw some circles on
this side of the map,
1554
01:31:27,900 --> 01:31:30,275
where they would target us,
starting with New York.
1555
01:31:30,317 --> 01:31:31,359
That's fair.
-D.C.
1556
01:31:31,525 --> 01:31:34,109
It's a weapon of attack
with no defensive value.
1557
01:31:34,442 --> 01:31:35,798
Deterrence.
-Deterrence?
1558
01:31:35,817 --> 01:31:39,650
Do we really need more deterrence
than our current arsenal of atomic bombs?
1559
01:31:39,734 --> 01:31:43,942
You, you drown in ten feet of water
or 10,000, what's the difference?
1560
01:31:44,192 --> 01:31:46,275
We can already drown Russia.
They know it...
1561
01:31:46,317 --> 01:31:48,359
Now they can drown us with...
-We're just escalating...
1562
01:31:59,692 --> 01:32:04,442
As I said, Teller's designs are still as
impractical as they were during the war.
1563
01:32:04,525 --> 01:32:07,275
A hydrogen bomb can be made
to work, Oppie. You know that.
1564
01:32:07,317 --> 01:32:10,275
I don't believe we should commit
all our resources to that chance.
1565
01:32:10,317 --> 01:32:13,400
Then how would you have Truman
reassure the American people?
1566
01:32:13,442 --> 01:32:15,692
Simply by limiting the spread
of atomic weapons
1567
01:32:15,734 --> 01:32:17,942
through international control
on nuclear energy.
1568
01:32:18,859 --> 01:32:20,609
By which you mean world government.
1569
01:32:20,817 --> 01:32:23,317
The United Nations, as Roosevelt intended.
1570
01:32:23,484 --> 01:32:27,275
Well, I asked what Truman should do,
right? The world's changed.
1571
01:32:27,317 --> 01:32:30,900
It's not fascism but communism
that now threatens our survival.
1572
01:32:31,192 --> 01:32:34,525
Lewis, do you understand,
if we build a hydrogen bomb,
1573
01:32:34,650 --> 01:32:37,025
the Russians will have no choice
but to build their own?
1574
01:32:37,109 --> 01:32:38,567
Could they be working on one already?
1575
01:32:38,921 --> 01:32:41,692
Based on information gathered
from the spy at Los Alamos...
1576
01:32:41,734 --> 01:32:43,275
No spy at Los Alamos.
-Gentlemen...
1577
01:32:43,317 --> 01:32:45,275
There wasn't?
-Let's not get sidetracked.
1578
01:32:46,150 --> 01:32:48,738
I say we use this moment to gain
concessions from the Russians
1579
01:32:48,762 --> 01:32:51,900
by committing that we will not
build a hydrogen bomb.
1580
01:32:51,984 --> 01:32:53,650
Thereby revealing its existence.
1581
01:32:53,692 --> 01:32:55,618
Which you seem convinced
they already know.
1582
01:32:55,859 --> 01:32:56,870
Alright.
1583
01:32:57,025 --> 01:33:00,692
At this point, I'd like the committee
members to meet in privacy
1584
01:33:00,734 --> 01:33:02,794
to finalize our recommendations.
1585
01:33:04,400 --> 01:33:06,484
I'm just not sure you
want to go down this route.
1586
01:33:06,525 --> 01:33:08,675
Lewis, with respect, we are
the advisory committee.
1587
01:33:08,699 --> 01:33:09,984
We will give them our advice.
1588
01:33:10,692 --> 01:33:11,703
Good night.
1589
01:33:15,859 --> 01:33:17,692
Dr. Oppenheimer? Hi.
1590
01:33:18,484 --> 01:33:21,375
William Borden.
Joint Committee on Atomic Energy.
1591
01:33:21,419 --> 01:33:22,461
Oh, yes, yes.
1592
01:33:22,763 --> 01:33:24,025
During the war, I was a pilot.
1593
01:33:25,609 --> 01:33:30,148
One night, flying back from a raid,
I saw an amazing sight.
1594
01:33:30,192 --> 01:33:33,609
Like a meteor.
A V2 rocket headed to England.
1595
01:33:34,775 --> 01:33:36,738
I can't help but imagine
what it will be
1596
01:33:36,762 --> 01:33:40,734
for such an enemy rocket
to carry an atomic warhead.
1597
01:33:50,109 --> 01:33:52,025
Let's make sure we're not
the ones to make that possible.
1598
01:33:58,817 --> 01:34:01,025
Oppie, I don't think you
want to go up against Strauss.
1599
01:34:01,859 --> 01:34:03,900
If we both speak, they listen to me.
1600
01:34:04,567 --> 01:34:08,317
When you speak, they hear a prophet.
When Strauss speaks, they hear themselves.
1601
01:34:08,593 --> 01:34:09,692
They'll listen to a prophet.
1602
01:34:10,567 --> 01:34:13,275
A prophet can't be wrong. Not once.
1603
01:34:13,775 --> 01:34:16,906
Did you accuse Oppenheimer of sabotaging
the development of the Super?
1604
01:34:17,192 --> 01:34:21,154
I was never one of those
to bandy around terms like sabotage.
1605
01:34:21,775 --> 01:34:25,109
But Mr. Borden was?
-As I understand it, possibly.
1606
01:34:25,400 --> 01:34:29,025
How was Mr. Borden able to put
together such a detailed indictment?
1607
01:34:29,067 --> 01:34:31,734
He was no longer a government employee,
yet he appears to have had
1608
01:34:31,804 --> 01:34:34,530
unlimited access
to Dr. Oppenheimer's file.
1609
01:34:34,817 --> 01:34:37,275
Might Mr. Nichols have
given him access to the file?
1610
01:34:37,442 --> 01:34:39,734
Or someone else at the AEC?
1611
01:34:39,942 --> 01:34:41,817
That's a very serious accusation, Senator.
1612
01:34:42,567 --> 01:34:43,859
Is it your intention to suggest
1613
01:34:43,900 --> 01:34:46,609
that Dr. Oppenheimer is disloyal
to the United States?
1614
01:34:47,400 --> 01:34:51,234
I've always assumed, and still assume,
that he's loyal to the United States.
1615
01:34:52,067 --> 01:34:53,808
I believe this, and I shall believe it,
1616
01:34:53,832 --> 01:34:56,067
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.
1617
01:34:56,609 --> 01:35:00,380
Do you or do you not believe that
Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk?
1618
01:35:09,650 --> 01:35:12,609
If I may, look, when Hitler blew
his brains out in that bunker,
1619
01:35:12,650 --> 01:35:14,984
it is my humble opinion
that there is no need
1620
01:35:15,067 --> 01:35:17,484
for that bomb to be seen
anywhere except that test site.
1621
01:35:18,817 --> 01:35:20,775
Well, we at least have to
take a moment to think about
1622
01:35:20,817 --> 01:35:23,942
whether the means justify
the ends any longer because...
1623
01:35:27,025 --> 01:35:29,150
Germany is about to surrender.
1624
01:35:31,275 --> 01:35:35,400
It's no longer the enemy who are
the greatest threat to mankind.
1625
01:35:35,442 --> 01:35:36,468
It's our work.
1626
01:35:38,984 --> 01:35:41,192
Hitler's dead. It's true.
1627
01:35:43,359 --> 01:35:44,525
But the Japanese fight on.
1628
01:35:45,150 --> 01:35:46,567
Their defeat seems assured.
1629
01:35:47,041 --> 01:35:49,067
Not if you're a G.I. preparing to invade.
1630
01:35:50,900 --> 01:35:51,984
We can end this war.
1631
01:35:52,155 --> 01:35:55,192
But how do we justify using
this weapon on human beings?
1632
01:35:58,775 --> 01:35:59,900
We're theorists.
1633
01:36:00,942 --> 01:36:01,952
Yes?
1634
01:36:03,025 --> 01:36:07,400
We imagine a future,
and our imaginings horrify us.
1635
01:36:08,442 --> 01:36:10,734
They won't fear it until
they understand it,
1636
01:36:10,817 --> 01:36:13,192
and they won't understand
it until they've used it.
1637
01:36:13,650 --> 01:36:16,942
When the world learns
the terrible secret of Los Alamos,
1638
01:36:17,567 --> 01:36:20,984
our work here will ensure a
peace mankind has never seen.
1639
01:36:21,150 --> 01:36:24,192
A peace based on the kind
of international cooperation
1640
01:36:24,234 --> 01:36:26,150
that Roosevelt always envisaged.
1641
01:36:31,525 --> 01:36:34,317
Progress?
-Two years and a billion dollars' worth.
1642
01:36:35,697 --> 01:36:38,692
Hard to put a price on it.
-Not really, just add up the bills.
1643
01:36:38,734 --> 01:36:42,525
Rural free deliveries.
80 babies delivered the first year.
1644
01:36:43,234 --> 01:36:45,025
This year we've had ten, a month.
1645
01:36:45,817 --> 01:36:48,234
Birth control is a little
out of my jurisdiction, General.
1646
01:36:49,400 --> 01:36:50,484
Clearly.
-General.
1647
01:36:56,359 --> 01:36:59,275
Head down, everybody.
Fuchs, head down.
1648
01:37:06,984 --> 01:37:07,985
That's the one!
1649
01:37:08,442 --> 01:37:09,567
Two viable bombs.
1650
01:37:10,036 --> 01:37:11,027
I need a date.
1651
01:37:13,900 --> 01:37:14,900
September.
1652
01:37:15,181 --> 01:37:16,181
July.
1653
01:37:16,556 --> 01:37:18,025
That's the sweet spot, gentlemen.
1654
01:37:18,942 --> 01:37:19,942
August.
1655
01:37:20,554 --> 01:37:21,564
July.
1656
01:37:22,234 --> 01:37:23,275
Tests in July.
1657
01:37:24,192 --> 01:37:25,234
But I need my brother.
1658
01:37:29,734 --> 01:37:32,109
Frank knows the desert.
He's left politics behind.
1659
01:37:32,150 --> 01:37:33,943
He's been working with
Lawrence for two years now.
1660
01:37:41,525 --> 01:37:42,567
What do we call the test?
1661
01:37:44,715 --> 01:37:45,733
"Batter my heart,
1662
01:37:46,525 --> 01:37:47,609
"three-person'd God."
1663
01:37:48,170 --> 01:37:49,192
What?
1664
01:37:50,859 --> 01:37:51,861
Trinity.
1665
01:37:59,859 --> 01:38:03,275
You insisted on bringing on your
brother Frank, a known communist.
1666
01:38:03,317 --> 01:38:04,318
Former communist.
1667
01:38:05,015 --> 01:38:06,650
You brought a known former communist...
1668
01:38:07,484 --> 01:38:10,775
onto America's most secret
and important defense project.
1669
01:38:10,859 --> 01:38:13,567
I knew my brother could
be trusted. Absolutely.
1670
01:38:14,150 --> 01:38:17,109
And you thought your judgment was sound
on who on the team could be trusted?
1671
01:38:18,025 --> 01:38:19,025
Fuchs, head down.
1672
01:38:19,692 --> 01:38:20,942
Okay. Everybody ready?
1673
01:38:30,942 --> 01:38:33,317
I hope you learned something.
-Yeah, we've learned we're gonna need
1674
01:38:33,359 --> 01:38:35,775
to be a lot further away.
-Well, figure it out, fast.
1675
01:38:36,067 --> 01:38:38,359
We leave for Washington in the morning.
We're going to give him a date.
1676
01:38:54,275 --> 01:38:56,067
You're a long way from Chicago, Leo.
1677
01:38:56,150 --> 01:38:58,984
If we don't act now, they're going
to use this thing against Japan.
1678
01:38:59,505 --> 01:39:01,775
We booked a meeting with Truman,
but somebody killed it.
1679
01:39:02,734 --> 01:39:04,609
You're meeting the Secretary of War.
1680
01:39:04,942 --> 01:39:08,442
Just because we're building it, doesn't
mean we get to decide how it's used.
1681
01:39:09,400 --> 01:39:10,859
History will judge us, Robert.
1682
01:39:12,317 --> 01:39:13,942
In Chicago, we put together a petition.
1683
01:39:15,025 --> 01:39:16,525
I'm not... I'm not
getting into this.
1684
01:39:21,984 --> 01:39:23,650
Just tell me your concerns,
and I'll relate them.
1685
01:39:23,720 --> 01:39:26,369
My concerns? Germany's defeated.
1686
01:39:26,942 --> 01:39:28,359
Japan's not going to hold out alone.
1687
01:39:28,400 --> 01:39:30,572
How could you know that?
You got us into this.
1688
01:39:30,942 --> 01:39:33,900
You and Einstein, with your letter to
Roosevelt saying we could build a bomb.
1689
01:39:33,942 --> 01:39:35,067
Against Germany.
1690
01:39:35,109 --> 01:39:37,665
That's not how weapons
manufacture works, Szilard.
1691
01:39:38,067 --> 01:39:39,400
Oppie, you have to help.
1692
01:39:39,442 --> 01:39:41,165
Fermi's in the meeting.
Lawrence is in the meeting.
1693
01:39:41,212 --> 01:39:44,025
They're not you. You're
the great salesman of science.
1694
01:39:44,484 --> 01:39:46,359
You can convince anyone of anything.
1695
01:39:47,942 --> 01:39:48,943
Even yourself.
1696
01:39:49,859 --> 01:39:50,864
Excuse me.
1697
01:39:52,067 --> 01:39:56,442
The firestorm in Tokyo killed
100,000 people, mostly civilians.
1698
01:39:58,109 --> 01:40:01,109
I worry about America when we
do these things and no one protests.
1699
01:40:01,567 --> 01:40:04,609
Pearl Harbor, and three years
of brutal conflict in the Pacific,
1700
01:40:04,880 --> 01:40:07,192
buys a lot of latitude
with the American public.
1701
01:40:07,763 --> 01:40:09,317
Enough to unleash the atomic bomb?
1702
01:40:09,561 --> 01:40:12,942
Uh, the A-bomb might not cause as much
damage as the Tokyo bombings.
1703
01:40:13,359 --> 01:40:14,350
What are we estimating?
1704
01:40:14,698 --> 01:40:16,567
In a medium-sized city, uh...
1705
01:40:17,275 --> 01:40:19,434
20,000 or 30,000 dead.
1706
01:40:19,525 --> 01:40:21,609
Yes, but don't underestimate
1707
01:40:21,650 --> 01:40:25,200
the psychological impact
of an atomic explosion.
1708
01:40:25,817 --> 01:40:28,775
A pillar of fire, 10,000 feet tall,
1709
01:40:29,692 --> 01:40:31,567
deadly neutron effects for a mile,
1710
01:40:31,734 --> 01:40:35,442
in all directions, from one single device.
1711
01:40:35,859 --> 01:40:39,275
Dropped from a barely-noticed B-29,
the atomic bomb will be...
1712
01:40:40,567 --> 01:40:43,067
a terrible revelation of divine power.
1713
01:40:43,859 --> 01:40:46,150
If that's true, it would be definitive.
1714
01:40:46,650 --> 01:40:48,025
World War II would be over.
1715
01:40:48,692 --> 01:40:49,734
Our boys would come home.
1716
01:40:50,450 --> 01:40:51,443
Military targets?
1717
01:40:52,692 --> 01:40:54,400
But there aren't any big enough.
1718
01:40:54,817 --> 01:40:57,817
Perhaps a vital war plant,
1719
01:40:57,859 --> 01:41:00,484
with workers housed nearby.
1720
01:41:00,525 --> 01:41:03,400
And we could issue a warning
to reduce civilian casualties.
1721
01:41:03,650 --> 01:41:05,734
They'd send everything
they have up against us,
1722
01:41:05,775 --> 01:41:07,484
and I'd be up in that plane.
1723
01:41:07,868 --> 01:41:10,400
If we announce it,
and it fails to go off,
1724
01:41:10,884 --> 01:41:13,359
we'd scupper any chance
of a Japanese surrender.
1725
01:41:13,817 --> 01:41:17,942
Is there no way to demonstrate
a bomb to Japan to provoke surrender?
1726
01:41:18,054 --> 01:41:21,025
We intend to demonstrate it in
the most unambiguous terms.
1727
01:41:21,462 --> 01:41:22,462
Twice.
1728
01:41:22,517 --> 01:41:24,369
Once to show the weapon's power,
1729
01:41:24,439 --> 01:41:27,692
and a second to show that we can
keep doing this until they surrender.
1730
01:41:28,234 --> 01:41:30,567
We have a list of
12 cities to choose from.
1731
01:41:31,434 --> 01:41:32,442
Sorry, 11.
1732
01:41:33,434 --> 01:41:35,359
I've taken Kyoto off the list,
1733
01:41:35,400 --> 01:41:37,859
due to its cultural significance
to the Japanese people.
1734
01:41:39,025 --> 01:41:40,984
Also, my wife and I honeymooned there.
1735
01:41:41,984 --> 01:41:43,109
It's a magnificent city.
1736
01:41:47,150 --> 01:41:48,525
Let me make this
simple for you, gentlemen.
1737
01:41:48,567 --> 01:41:51,109
According to my intelligence,
which I cannot share with you,
1738
01:41:51,150 --> 01:41:52,984
the Japanese people will not surrender,
1739
01:41:53,567 --> 01:41:54,984
under any circumstances,
1740
01:41:55,275 --> 01:41:58,400
short of a successful and total
invasion of the home islands.
1741
01:41:59,192 --> 01:42:01,567
Many lives would be lost,
American and Japanese.
1742
01:42:02,359 --> 01:42:05,734
The use of the atomic bomb
on Japanese cities will save lives.
1743
01:42:06,150 --> 01:42:07,984
If we retain moral advantage.
1744
01:42:09,025 --> 01:42:10,734
How so?
-Well, if we use this weapon
1745
01:42:10,775 --> 01:42:13,150
without informing our allies,
they'll see it as a threat,
1746
01:42:13,192 --> 01:42:14,525
and we'll be in an arms race.
1747
01:42:14,900 --> 01:42:16,692
How open can we
be with the Soviets?
1748
01:42:16,984 --> 01:42:20,900
Secrecy won't stop the Soviets from
becoming part of the atomic world.
1749
01:42:21,150 --> 01:42:24,484
We've been told they have no uranium.
-You've been misinformed.
1750
01:42:24,525 --> 01:42:26,234
A Russian bomb is a matter of time.
1751
01:42:26,275 --> 01:42:29,275
The program needs to
continue at full pace after the war.
1752
01:42:30,542 --> 01:42:32,234
Secretary Simpson, if I may,
1753
01:42:32,442 --> 01:42:36,400
not all scientists on the
project are in agreement.
1754
01:42:36,442 --> 01:42:39,109
In fact, this might be a moment
to consider other opinions.
1755
01:42:39,692 --> 01:42:41,984
If you talk to scientists...
-The Manhattan Project has been plagued
1756
01:42:42,025 --> 01:42:44,857
from the start by certain scientists of...
1757
01:42:45,067 --> 01:42:47,817
doubtful discretion,
and uncertain loyalty.
1758
01:42:47,942 --> 01:42:49,692
One of 'em just tried to
meet with the President.
1759
01:42:49,984 --> 01:42:51,317
Now, we need these men,
1760
01:42:51,734 --> 01:42:53,109
but as soon as it's practical,
1761
01:42:53,150 --> 01:42:55,484
we should sever any such
scientists from the program.
1762
01:42:55,525 --> 01:42:56,567
Wouldn't you agree, Doctor?
1763
01:42:58,317 --> 01:43:00,109
If a Russian bomb is inevitable,
1764
01:43:00,859 --> 01:43:03,775
perhaps we should invite
their top scientist to Trinity.
1765
01:43:03,817 --> 01:43:07,192
President Truman has no intention
of raising expectations
1766
01:43:07,484 --> 01:43:09,942
that Stalin be included
in the atomic project.
1767
01:43:10,400 --> 01:43:11,775
Informing him of our breakthrough,
1768
01:43:11,800 --> 01:43:13,775
and presenting it as
a means to win the war,
1769
01:43:13,800 --> 01:43:15,525
need not make
unkeepable promises.
1770
01:43:15,841 --> 01:43:17,734
But, the Potsdam Peace Conference in July
1771
01:43:17,775 --> 01:43:20,900
will be President Truman's last
chance to have that conversation.
1772
01:43:22,192 --> 01:43:23,775
Can you give us a working bomb by then?
1773
01:43:25,109 --> 01:43:26,110
Absolutely.
1774
01:43:26,200 --> 01:43:27,900
We will test fire before the conference.
1775
01:43:33,150 --> 01:43:35,734
Ground zero. Observation posts
1776
01:43:35,775 --> 01:43:39,525
at 10,000 yards, north, south, and west.
1777
01:43:39,567 --> 01:43:42,025
Where do we trigger from?
-South, 10,000.
1778
01:43:42,817 --> 01:43:45,942
And base camp is ten miles south here.
1779
01:43:46,192 --> 01:43:51,317
And there's a further observation
post on that hill, 20 miles away.
1780
01:43:51,650 --> 01:43:53,915
What's that, Frank?
Trigger lines already went in.
1781
01:43:54,317 --> 01:43:57,942
The Air Force requested
a line of lights for their B-29.
1782
01:43:58,067 --> 01:44:00,048
What B-29? Our bomb's on the tower.
1783
01:44:00,484 --> 01:44:01,734
They want to use the test
1784
01:44:01,775 --> 01:44:04,109
to confirm a safe operating distance.
-That's risky.
1785
01:44:04,442 --> 01:44:06,150
But not as risky as
dropping one over Japan,
1786
01:44:06,192 --> 01:44:08,109
and hoping that we were
right about the blast radius.
1787
01:44:08,317 --> 01:44:10,609
Don't let 'em slow us down,
we're firing on the 15th.
1788
01:44:10,650 --> 01:44:13,067
The 15th? That's not...
-The 15th.
1789
01:44:14,683 --> 01:44:15,683
15th.
1790
01:44:17,025 --> 01:44:19,091
So I'll be here at
South Observation Point
1791
01:44:19,115 --> 01:44:20,859
with Frank and Kistiakowsky.
1792
01:44:21,650 --> 01:44:24,109
You'll all be assigned to Base Camp,
1793
01:44:24,317 --> 01:44:26,734
West Observation, or Far Observation.
1794
01:44:36,942 --> 01:44:38,859
Hey, whoa, whoa! Careful with that knife.
1795
01:44:42,109 --> 01:44:43,525
Are those safe distances?
1796
01:44:44,305 --> 01:44:45,775
They're based on
your calculations.
1797
01:44:46,025 --> 01:44:48,859
Time to stand behind
your science, Hans. Literally.
1798
01:45:18,817 --> 01:45:20,275
What about the radiation cloud?
1799
01:45:20,692 --> 01:45:23,567
Without high winds,
it should settle within 2-3 miles.
1800
01:45:23,609 --> 01:45:25,234
Evacuation measures are in place.
1801
01:45:25,984 --> 01:45:28,692
But we need good weather
for visibility, so it has to be fine.
1802
01:45:30,442 --> 01:45:31,444
Everybody out!
1803
01:45:41,859 --> 01:45:44,690
We go on the night of the 15th.
It's a hard deadline.
1804
01:45:44,900 --> 01:45:47,317
So if anyone has anything, speak now.
1805
01:45:49,055 --> 01:45:51,525
Okay, stop, stop!
Everybody, mattresses.
1806
01:45:51,984 --> 01:45:53,692
Put the mattress there, underneath.
1807
01:46:10,942 --> 01:46:13,067
We could use a final implosion test.
1808
01:46:15,525 --> 01:46:17,650
It couldn't hurt.
-Do it.
1809
01:46:19,291 --> 01:46:21,025
Is there anything else that might stop us?
1810
01:46:56,097 --> 01:46:57,151
It's happening, isn't it?
1811
01:46:59,900 --> 01:47:00,946
I'll send a message.
1812
01:47:02,067 --> 01:47:03,317
If it's gone our way:
1813
01:47:05,109 --> 01:47:06,110
"Take in the sheets."
1814
01:47:10,484 --> 01:47:11,485
Robert.
1815
01:47:14,484 --> 01:47:15,485
Break a leg.
1816
01:47:28,859 --> 01:47:29,862
Look.
1817
01:48:22,150 --> 01:48:25,067
Oppie's taken a very
modest three kilotons.
1818
01:48:25,359 --> 01:48:27,525
Teller's view is 45.
-20!
1819
01:48:27,692 --> 01:48:29,984
20,000 tons of TNT.
1820
01:48:30,025 --> 01:48:33,234
And does anyone want the side action
on atmospheric ignition?
1821
01:48:35,984 --> 01:48:37,317
Are you saying we'll have to delay?
1822
01:48:37,817 --> 01:48:39,109
I'm saying it would be prudent.
1823
01:48:39,150 --> 01:48:40,442
This weather, has it reached the site?
1824
01:48:46,395 --> 01:48:48,650
Bethe is calling to tell you
the implosion test failed.
1825
01:48:48,692 --> 01:48:50,609
Hello, Hans? Yes, he's here.
1826
01:48:52,192 --> 01:48:53,199
Yes.
1827
01:48:55,900 --> 01:48:56,900
Is he wrong?
1828
01:48:57,100 --> 01:48:58,100
No.
-No?
1829
01:48:58,553 --> 01:48:59,538
No.
1830
01:49:00,260 --> 01:49:01,442
So we're about to fire a dud?
1831
01:49:02,340 --> 01:49:03,609
No.
-Explain!
1832
01:49:03,898 --> 01:49:05,192
Well, I can't. I just, I...
1833
01:49:05,370 --> 01:49:07,909
I just know, I know the
implosion lenses will work.
1834
01:49:07,942 --> 01:49:10,525
If we fire these detonators
and they don't trigger a reaction,
1835
01:49:10,567 --> 01:49:13,817
two years' worth of plutonium will
be scattered across White Sands.
1836
01:49:13,984 --> 01:49:16,692
A month of my salary against
ten bucks says it lights.
1837
01:49:17,817 --> 01:49:18,817
Oh, Jesus!
1838
01:49:25,775 --> 01:49:28,981
The wind's pickin' up at zero,
not the rain. Lightning's circling.
1839
01:49:29,256 --> 01:49:31,569
Think it might be time to
tell your men to get away
1840
01:49:31,593 --> 01:49:33,609
from the steel tower
with the atomic bomb?
1841
01:49:37,359 --> 01:49:38,870
Let's get to South Observation.
1842
01:49:38,948 --> 01:49:40,942
Pull 'em out, and we can
make our determination there.
1843
01:49:47,025 --> 01:49:48,900
The team hasn't slept in two nights!
1844
01:49:49,317 --> 01:49:52,567
If we stand down and make the bomb
safe, we won't be back here for weeks!
1845
01:49:52,641 --> 01:49:53,900
And we'll miss Potsdam!
1846
01:49:54,275 --> 01:49:57,442
I gotta get word to Truman
by seven, our window's closing.
1847
01:49:57,531 --> 01:49:59,817
What is this doing?
-Raining, blowing, lightning.
1848
01:49:59,859 --> 01:50:01,961
For how long, damnit?
-Holdin' strong!
1849
01:50:02,055 --> 01:50:03,317
It'll break before dawn.
1850
01:50:03,692 --> 01:50:05,275
How could you know that?
-I know this desert.
1851
01:50:05,317 --> 01:50:07,984
Storm cools overnight.
Just before dawn, storm breaks.
1852
01:50:08,275 --> 01:50:09,289
You could be right,
1853
01:50:09,313 --> 01:50:11,531
but schedule as late as possible.
-Five-thirty.
1854
01:50:12,275 --> 01:50:14,775
Sign your forecast.
If you're wrong, I'll hang you.
1855
01:50:14,900 --> 01:50:17,859
Tell 'em all. Five-thirty.
-Five-thirty, five-thirty!
1856
01:50:20,650 --> 01:50:25,359
Three years, 4,000 people,
two billion dollars.
1857
01:50:25,609 --> 01:50:27,025
Well, if it doesn't go off,
1858
01:50:28,109 --> 01:50:29,150
we're both finished.
1859
01:50:32,192 --> 01:50:33,859
I'm betting on three kilotons.
1860
01:50:35,067 --> 01:50:36,734
Anything less, they won't get what it is.
1861
01:50:37,692 --> 01:50:41,185
Now, what did Fermi mean by,
uh, atmospheric ignition?
1862
01:50:41,400 --> 01:50:43,817
Well, we had a moment where
it looked like the chain reaction
1863
01:50:43,859 --> 01:50:46,150
from an atomic device might never stop.
1864
01:50:47,400 --> 01:50:48,825
Setting fire to the atmosphere.
1865
01:50:49,275 --> 01:50:51,817
Why's Fermi still taking side bets on it?
1866
01:50:52,609 --> 01:50:54,161
Call it gallows humor.
1867
01:50:57,192 --> 01:51:01,686
Wait, are we saying there's a chance
that when we push that button,
1868
01:51:02,192 --> 01:51:03,359
we destroy the world?
1869
01:51:03,609 --> 01:51:06,442
Nothing in our research over
three years supports that conclusion,
1870
01:51:07,275 --> 01:51:10,025
except as the most remote possibility.
1871
01:51:10,984 --> 01:51:13,067
How remote?
-Chances are near-zero.
1872
01:51:14,650 --> 01:51:15,651
Near-zero?
1873
01:51:16,900 --> 01:51:18,400
What do you want from theory alone?
1874
01:51:20,984 --> 01:51:22,734
Zero would be nice.
1875
01:51:26,359 --> 01:51:28,942
In exactly one hour...
1876
01:51:29,317 --> 01:51:32,109
and 58 minutes, we'll know.
1877
01:51:39,067 --> 01:51:40,068
It's letting up.
1878
01:51:53,150 --> 01:51:55,317
The arming party's left zero,
they're heading this way.
1879
01:51:55,359 --> 01:51:56,359
Throw on your switches.
1880
01:51:56,567 --> 01:51:59,275
Turn the cars! Ready
for emergency evacuation.
1881
01:52:17,900 --> 01:52:20,275
...welder's glass.
Everybody take their places.
1882
01:52:21,150 --> 01:52:22,942
Everybody take a welder's glass!
1883
01:52:24,817 --> 01:52:26,359
Everybody take a welder's glass!
1884
01:53:18,067 --> 01:53:19,070
20 minutes.
1885
01:53:23,400 --> 01:53:24,401
20 minutes!
1886
01:53:35,734 --> 01:53:36,734
That's 20!
1887
01:53:40,442 --> 01:53:41,442
On the leg, please.
1888
01:53:43,075 --> 01:53:44,650
Feynman?
-No.
1889
01:53:45,567 --> 01:53:47,525
The glass stops the UV.
1890
01:53:48,025 --> 01:53:49,150
What stops the glass?
1891
01:53:51,109 --> 01:53:52,110
I'm heading to base camp.
1892
01:53:52,505 --> 01:53:53,505
Best of luck.
1893
01:53:54,525 --> 01:53:55,528
Robert?
1894
01:53:57,025 --> 01:53:58,109
Try not to blow up the world.
1895
01:54:10,567 --> 01:54:13,072
Watch that needle.
If the detonators don't charge,
1896
01:54:13,189 --> 01:54:14,900
and the voltage drops below one volt,
1897
01:54:15,067 --> 01:54:17,484
you hit that button,
you abort. Understood?
1898
01:54:18,306 --> 01:54:19,306
Understood.
1899
01:54:26,900 --> 01:54:28,768
Two minutes to detonation.
1900
01:54:29,244 --> 01:54:30,244
Everybody down!
1901
01:54:31,359 --> 01:54:34,067
Do not turn around until you
see light reflected on the hills.
1902
01:54:35,484 --> 01:54:38,234
Then look at the explosion
only through your welder's glass.
1903
01:54:38,275 --> 01:54:40,817
90 seconds to detonation.
1904
01:54:42,609 --> 01:54:44,942
80 seconds to detonation.
1905
01:54:45,859 --> 01:54:47,093
Is it rubbed in?
1906
01:54:47,900 --> 01:54:48,918
Yeah.
1907
01:54:55,567 --> 01:54:58,234
60 seconds to detonation.
1908
01:55:13,150 --> 01:55:14,900
These things are hard on your heart.
1909
01:55:15,525 --> 01:55:16,525
30 seconds.
1910
01:55:22,275 --> 01:55:23,317
Detonators charged!
1911
01:55:33,900 --> 01:55:35,110
17.
1912
01:55:35,197 --> 01:55:36,423
16.
1913
01:55:36,931 --> 01:55:38,141
15.
1914
01:55:38,525 --> 01:55:39,525
14.
1915
01:55:40,510 --> 01:55:41,526
13.
1916
01:55:42,234 --> 01:55:43,236
12.
1917
01:55:43,734 --> 01:55:44,737
11.
1918
01:55:45,635 --> 01:55:46,654
Ten.
1919
01:55:47,817 --> 01:55:48,823
Nine.
1920
01:55:49,775 --> 01:55:50,769
Eight.
1921
01:55:52,025 --> 01:55:53,034
Seven.
1922
01:55:54,525 --> 01:55:55,545
Six.
1923
01:55:57,442 --> 01:55:58,454
Five.
1924
01:56:00,067 --> 01:56:01,067
Four.
1925
01:56:02,609 --> 01:56:03,609
Three.
1926
01:56:05,150 --> 01:56:06,150
Two.
1927
01:56:07,442 --> 01:56:08,234
One.
1928
01:57:41,484 --> 01:57:43,765
"And now I am become Death...
1929
01:57:46,154 --> 01:57:47,609
"the destroyer of worlds."
1930
01:58:21,317 --> 01:58:22,317
It worked.
1931
01:58:58,092 --> 01:58:59,277
You owe me ten dollars!
1932
01:59:02,068 --> 01:59:04,775
Come on!
-I... I'm good for it, Kisti.
1933
01:59:05,883 --> 01:59:06,883
You are!
1934
01:59:07,813 --> 01:59:08,903
Yes, you are!
1935
01:59:46,633 --> 01:59:48,091
Get me Potsdam right away.
1936
01:59:59,900 --> 02:00:00,966
Get a message to Kitty.
1937
02:00:01,591 --> 02:00:03,758
We can't say anything.
-Tell her to take in the sheets.
1938
02:00:19,618 --> 02:00:21,258
Hello?
-Hi, Kitty?
1939
02:00:21,299 --> 02:00:24,383
What? What? Charlotte?
Charlotte, go ahead. Go ahead.
1940
02:00:24,466 --> 02:00:26,049
Oh, um, well, I don't know,
1941
02:00:26,091 --> 02:00:28,549
he just said to tell you
to bring in the sheets.
1942
02:00:31,758 --> 02:00:32,760
Kitty?
1943
02:00:34,383 --> 02:00:36,591
Kitty? Kitty, are you still there?
1944
02:00:44,008 --> 02:00:47,133
If they detonate it too high in the air,
the blast won't be as powerful.
1945
02:00:47,549 --> 02:00:50,758
With respect, Dr. Oppenheimer,
we'll take it from here.
1946
02:01:01,633 --> 02:01:03,764
Did Truman brief Stalin at Potsdam?
1947
02:01:04,716 --> 02:01:07,091
"Brief" would be an overstatement.
1948
02:01:07,133 --> 02:01:10,716
He referred to a powerful
new weapon.
1949
02:01:11,424 --> 02:01:16,091
Stalin... hoped we'd use it against Japan.
1950
02:01:17,633 --> 02:01:18,633
That's it?
1951
02:01:19,216 --> 02:01:22,424
Robert, we've given them an ace.
It's for them to play the hand.
1952
02:01:24,841 --> 02:01:25,924
You're aiming for the sixth?
1953
02:01:27,076 --> 02:01:28,841
It's up to the CO in the Pacific.
1954
02:01:30,716 --> 02:01:31,924
Should I come with you to Washington?
1955
02:01:34,133 --> 02:01:35,133
What for?
1956
02:01:37,618 --> 02:01:38,799
Well, you keep me informed.
1957
02:01:40,649 --> 02:01:41,649
Of course.
1958
02:01:43,924 --> 02:01:44,925
As best I can.
1959
02:02:03,216 --> 02:02:05,633
Would the Japanese surrender
if they knew what was coming?
1960
02:02:07,174 --> 02:02:08,179
I don't know.
1961
02:02:11,133 --> 02:02:12,508
Have you seen Szilard's petition?
1962
02:02:13,174 --> 02:02:15,049
How the hell does Szilard
know about the Japanese?
1963
02:02:15,883 --> 02:02:16,883
You're not signing it, are you?
1964
02:02:18,008 --> 02:02:19,716
Many people have.
A lot of people.
1965
02:02:20,469 --> 02:02:21,477
Edward...
1966
02:02:23,008 --> 02:02:25,799
the fact that we built this bomb
does not give us any more,
1967
02:02:25,841 --> 02:02:27,466
any more right or responsibility
1968
02:02:27,591 --> 02:02:29,758
to decide how it's used than anyone else.
1969
02:02:30,133 --> 02:02:31,716
But we're the only
people who know about it.
1970
02:02:32,466 --> 02:02:35,008
I've told Stimson the various
opinions of the community.
1971
02:02:35,591 --> 02:02:36,590
But what's your opinion?
1972
02:02:38,133 --> 02:02:39,133
Once it's used...
1973
02:02:40,674 --> 02:02:42,341
nuclear war, perhaps...
1974
02:02:43,341 --> 02:02:44,544
all war...
1975
02:02:45,950 --> 02:02:46,966
becomes unthinkable.
1976
02:02:47,924 --> 02:02:49,633
Until somebody
builds a bigger one.
1977
02:03:10,966 --> 02:03:12,133
I thought they would call.
1978
02:03:12,508 --> 02:03:13,841
It's only the fifth.
1979
02:03:16,505 --> 02:03:18,133
In Japan, it's the sixth.
1980
02:03:31,341 --> 02:03:32,337
Charlotte?
1981
02:03:34,924 --> 02:03:35,926
Try Groves.
1982
02:03:37,478 --> 02:03:38,467
Anything?
1983
02:03:40,924 --> 02:03:43,174
Charlotte?
-Truman's on the radio.
1984
02:03:44,633 --> 02:03:46,549
16 hours ago,
1985
02:03:47,549 --> 02:03:49,299
an American airplane
1986
02:03:49,716 --> 02:03:52,693
dropped one bomb on Hiroshima,
1987
02:03:54,383 --> 02:03:57,270
and destroyed its
usefulness to the enemy.
1988
02:03:59,549 --> 02:04:01,633
The bomb has more power
1989
02:04:02,091 --> 02:04:05,133
than 20,000 tons of TNT.
1990
02:04:07,633 --> 02:04:09,341
It is an atomic bomb.
1991
02:04:12,258 --> 02:04:16,591
It is a harnessing of the
basic power of the universe.
1992
02:04:19,383 --> 02:04:20,386
Groves on one.
1993
02:04:26,591 --> 02:04:27,588
General?
1994
02:04:27,633 --> 02:04:29,799
I'm very proud of you,
and all of your people.
1995
02:04:30,508 --> 02:04:31,508
It went alright?
1996
02:04:32,091 --> 02:04:34,341
Apparently it went with a tremendous bang.
1997
02:04:35,619 --> 02:04:39,424
Well, everyone here is feeling
reasonably good about it.
1998
02:04:41,209 --> 02:04:42,424
It's been a long road.
1999
02:04:42,883 --> 02:04:45,049
I think one of the
wisest things I ever did
2000
02:04:45,091 --> 02:04:47,591
was when I selected
the director of Los Alamos.
2001
02:04:51,008 --> 02:04:54,633
We have spent more
than two billion dollars
2002
02:04:55,133 --> 02:04:58,633
on the greatest scientific
gamble in history,
2003
02:04:59,508 --> 02:05:00,966
and we have won.
2004
02:05:06,883 --> 02:05:09,591
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2005
02:06:29,508 --> 02:06:30,508
The world...
2006
02:06:32,549 --> 02:06:33,633
will remember this day.
2007
02:06:52,966 --> 02:06:54,216
It's too soon to...
2008
02:06:55,216 --> 02:06:56,799
It's too soon to determine
2009
02:06:57,174 --> 02:06:58,883
what the results of the bombing are.
2010
02:07:02,383 --> 02:07:03,924
But I'll bet the Japanese didn't like it.
2011
02:07:24,799 --> 02:07:25,800
I'm so proud.
2012
02:07:27,466 --> 02:07:29,216
So proud of what you have accomplished.
2013
02:07:37,133 --> 02:07:39,758
I just wish we had it in time
to use against the Germans.
2014
02:09:29,508 --> 02:09:30,492
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2015
02:09:31,924 --> 02:09:32,908
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2016
02:09:34,216 --> 02:09:35,206
Nice picture.
2017
02:09:36,049 --> 02:09:37,174
President Truman will see you now.
2018
02:09:52,049 --> 02:09:54,799
Dr. Oppenheimer, it's an honor.
2019
02:09:54,841 --> 02:09:56,500
Mr. President.
-Please.
2020
02:09:56,841 --> 02:09:57,860
Thank you.
2021
02:09:58,508 --> 02:09:59,633
Secretary Byrnes.
2022
02:10:02,424 --> 02:10:05,216
How's it feel to be the most
famous man in the world?
2023
02:10:06,341 --> 02:10:08,966
You helped save a lot of American lives.
2024
02:10:09,630 --> 02:10:13,575
What we did at Hiroshima was...
-And Nagasaki.
2025
02:10:14,758 --> 02:10:16,138
Obviously.
2026
02:10:16,924 --> 02:10:19,966
Your invention let us
bring our boys home.
2027
02:10:20,008 --> 02:10:23,107
Well, it was hardly... my invention.
2028
02:10:23,508 --> 02:10:25,424
It was you on the cover of Time.
2029
02:10:28,466 --> 02:10:31,966
Jim tells me you're concerned
about an arms race with the Soviets.
2030
02:10:32,258 --> 02:10:33,299
Ah, yes, ah...
2031
02:10:34,966 --> 02:10:35,951
Well, um...
2032
02:10:36,424 --> 02:10:40,299
it's that, uh, now is
our chance to secure...
2033
02:10:41,674 --> 02:10:44,466
international cooperation
on atomic energy,
2034
02:10:44,508 --> 02:10:46,758
and-and-and I'm concerned...
2035
02:10:46,799 --> 02:10:49,596
Do you know when the Soviets
are gonna have the bomb?
2036
02:10:50,049 --> 02:10:51,549
I don't think I could give a...
2037
02:10:51,674 --> 02:10:52,674
Never!
2038
02:10:53,924 --> 02:10:54,924
Never.
2039
02:10:55,549 --> 02:10:58,799
Mr. President, the Russians
have good physicists,
2040
02:10:58,841 --> 02:11:01,466
and, and abundant resources...
-Abundant?
2041
02:11:01,549 --> 02:11:02,550
Yes.
2042
02:11:03,081 --> 02:11:04,799
I don't think so.
2043
02:11:05,299 --> 02:11:08,508
Well, they'll put
everything they have in...
2044
02:11:12,591 --> 02:11:16,049
I hear you're leaving Los Alamos.
2045
02:11:17,466 --> 02:11:18,727
What should we do with it?
2046
02:11:19,091 --> 02:11:20,424
Give it back to the Indians.
2047
02:11:28,674 --> 02:11:31,049
Um, Dr. Oppenheimer...
2048
02:11:32,049 --> 02:11:34,508
if what you say about
the Soviets is true,
2049
02:11:35,216 --> 02:11:39,091
we have to build up Los Alamos,
not shut it down.
2050
02:11:42,924 --> 02:11:44,091
Mr. President...
2051
02:11:45,841 --> 02:11:46,841
Umm...
2052
02:11:50,008 --> 02:11:53,424
I feel that I have
blood on my hands.
2053
02:12:13,424 --> 02:12:16,424
You think anyone
in Hiroshima, or...
2054
02:12:17,492 --> 02:12:21,424
Nagasaki, gives a shit who built the bomb?
2055
02:12:25,258 --> 02:12:26,883
They care who dropped it.
2056
02:12:28,258 --> 02:12:29,259
I did.
2057
02:12:32,091 --> 02:12:34,049
Hiroshima isn't about you.
2058
02:12:40,841 --> 02:12:42,133
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2059
02:12:53,841 --> 02:12:56,049
Don't let that crybaby back in here!
2060
02:13:01,717 --> 02:13:04,591
Robert saw that
hand-wringing got him nowhere.
2061
02:13:05,633 --> 02:13:07,883
By the time I met him, he'd fully embraced
2062
02:13:07,924 --> 02:13:09,841
his "Father of the Bomb" reputation.
2063
02:13:10,758 --> 02:13:13,299
And used his profile to influence policy.
2064
02:13:22,466 --> 02:13:23,883
Doctor, in the years
following the war,
2065
02:13:23,924 --> 02:13:26,174
would you say that you
exerted a great influence
2066
02:13:26,216 --> 02:13:28,049
on the atomic policies of the USA?
2067
02:13:28,091 --> 02:13:30,258
I think "great" would
be an overstatement.
2068
02:13:30,466 --> 02:13:32,674
Really? I mean, look
at the issue of isotopes.
2069
02:13:32,716 --> 02:13:36,299
Were you not personally responsible for
destroying all opposition to their export?
2070
02:13:36,521 --> 02:13:38,341
...could use a bottle of beer
2071
02:13:38,966 --> 02:13:40,884
in making atomic weapons. In fact, you do.
2072
02:13:41,299 --> 02:13:45,049
I was the spokesman, but the opinion
among scientists was unanimous.
2073
02:13:45,341 --> 02:13:48,383
All along, with McCarthy on the rise,
he knew he was vulnerable.
2074
02:13:49,150 --> 02:13:52,633
His brother was blacklisted
by every university in the country.
2075
02:13:54,299 --> 02:13:57,008
Lomanitz wound up working
the railroad, laying track.
2076
02:13:59,174 --> 02:14:01,174
Chevalier went into exile.
2077
02:14:03,466 --> 02:14:05,966
But none of that stopped Robert
2078
02:14:06,008 --> 02:14:08,688
from pushing the GAC
to recommend arms control,
2079
02:14:08,712 --> 02:14:09,716
instead of the H-Bomb.
2080
02:14:12,008 --> 02:14:15,133
He was devastated when Truman
rejected their recommendation.
2081
02:14:17,424 --> 02:14:19,091
I miss Richard more than I can bear.
2082
02:14:19,424 --> 02:14:20,883
I know, Ruth. I know.
2083
02:14:21,320 --> 02:14:24,216
I'm just glad he didn't live
to see where this has all gone.
2084
02:14:27,383 --> 02:14:30,091
Here comes the
birthday boy, to gloat...
2085
02:14:30,550 --> 02:14:31,535
Have fun.
2086
02:14:33,050 --> 02:14:34,966
Robert, my son and his fiancée
2087
02:14:35,008 --> 02:14:37,508
are desperate to meet the
father of the atomic bomb, so...
2088
02:14:37,532 --> 02:14:38,524
Hello.
2089
02:14:46,758 --> 02:14:47,760
Is this a bad time?
2090
02:14:48,758 --> 02:14:49,802
What do you think, Lewis?
2091
02:14:50,425 --> 02:14:52,008
Well, I think it must have
been a blow for you.
2092
02:14:52,675 --> 02:14:53,676
For the world.
2093
02:14:55,300 --> 02:14:58,050
The world? What does Fuchs
mean to the rest of the world?
2094
02:14:59,966 --> 02:15:00,993
Fuchs?
2095
02:15:01,423 --> 02:15:02,424
Klaus Fuchs?
2096
02:15:04,433 --> 02:15:06,550
Oh dear. You haven't heard.
2097
02:15:09,883 --> 02:15:11,800
Klaus Fuchs, the British scientist
2098
02:15:11,841 --> 02:15:14,425
that you put onto the
implosion team at Los Alamos.
2099
02:15:15,550 --> 02:15:16,675
Turns out he was...
2100
02:15:17,269 --> 02:15:19,550
He was spying for the
Soviets the whole time.
2101
02:15:20,110 --> 02:15:21,100
I'm sorry.
2102
02:15:27,008 --> 02:15:29,532
After the truth about
Fuchs came out,
2103
02:15:29,800 --> 02:15:31,841
the FBI stepped up surveillance on him.
2104
02:15:32,050 --> 02:15:33,550
He knew his phone was tapped.
2105
02:15:34,716 --> 02:15:35,800
He was followed everywhere.
2106
02:15:36,925 --> 02:15:38,050
His trash picked through.
2107
02:15:42,091 --> 02:15:44,175
But he never stopped
speaking his mind.
2108
02:15:44,716 --> 02:15:45,883
A man of conviction.
2109
02:15:46,466 --> 02:15:49,175
And maybe he thought fame
could actually protect him.
2110
02:15:51,550 --> 02:15:53,883
When Eisenhower took office,
he saw one more chance.
2111
02:15:56,133 --> 02:15:57,050
He took it.
2112
02:15:57,092 --> 02:16:00,258
America and Russia may be likened...
2113
02:16:01,633 --> 02:16:03,633
to two scorpions in a bottle.
2114
02:16:03,869 --> 02:16:07,091
Each capable of killing the other,
2115
02:16:07,300 --> 02:16:10,058
but only at the risk of his own life.
2116
02:16:10,758 --> 02:16:12,800
Now, there are various
aspects of this policy...
2117
02:16:12,841 --> 02:16:17,216
A lot of scientists blame me,
but how was I supposed to protect him?
2118
02:16:17,258 --> 02:16:19,300
...are too secret for discussion.
2119
02:16:19,508 --> 02:16:21,341
Candor is the only remedy.
2120
02:16:21,550 --> 02:16:25,175
Officials in Washington need to start
leveling with the American people.
2121
02:16:26,800 --> 02:16:29,008
That was the last straw
for Robert's enemies.
2122
02:16:29,050 --> 02:16:31,673
So he had to lose
his security clearance.
2123
02:16:31,841 --> 02:16:34,050
And with it, his credibility.
2124
02:16:34,591 --> 02:16:36,216
But how could they do it?
2125
02:16:36,758 --> 02:16:38,008
He was a war hero.
2126
02:16:38,050 --> 02:16:40,091
He'd already told everyone about his past.
2127
02:16:40,133 --> 02:16:41,794
Borden dredged it all up.
2128
02:16:42,133 --> 02:16:45,425
How could Borden get access
to Oppenheimer's FBI file?
2129
02:16:45,466 --> 02:16:46,466
Could it have been Nichols?
2130
02:16:46,800 --> 02:16:48,341
No, I can't imagine he'd do that.
2131
02:16:49,216 --> 02:16:52,925
Whoever did unleashed a firestorm
that burned a path in the White House,
2132
02:16:53,300 --> 02:16:55,300
right to my desk at the AEC.
2133
02:16:56,258 --> 02:16:57,675
You seen 'em in there, right?
2134
02:16:58,466 --> 02:17:00,849
I've worked my whole life to get here.
2135
02:17:01,716 --> 02:17:03,841
The cabinet of the
United States of America,
2136
02:17:03,883 --> 02:17:05,591
and now, in front of the entire country,
2137
02:17:05,966 --> 02:17:07,466
they want to put me back in my place.
2138
02:17:09,341 --> 02:17:10,758
A lowly shoe salesman.
2139
02:17:11,787 --> 02:17:13,633
Lewis, we can win this thing.
2140
02:17:13,925 --> 02:17:15,925
I think we can get the Senate to grasp
2141
02:17:15,966 --> 02:17:18,216
that you did your duty,
painful though it was.
2142
02:17:18,425 --> 02:17:21,341
Now, will Hill's testimony back us up?
-Hill will be fine.
2143
02:17:21,383 --> 02:17:24,716
I don't really know him, but he was
one of Szilard's boys in Chicago.
2144
02:17:24,758 --> 02:17:26,457
And they'd never forgave Robert for not
2145
02:17:26,481 --> 02:17:28,716
supporting the petition
against bombing Japan.
2146
02:17:30,008 --> 02:17:33,008
This was taken 31 days after the bombing.
2147
02:17:34,341 --> 02:17:38,508
Virtually everyone in the streets,
for nearly a mile around,
2148
02:17:39,341 --> 02:17:40,925
was instantly and seriously...
2149
02:17:41,758 --> 02:17:42,746
burned.
2150
02:17:43,758 --> 02:17:47,117
The Japanese spoke of people who
2151
02:17:47,341 --> 02:17:51,091
wore striped clothing, upon whom
the skin was burned in stripes.
2152
02:17:52,383 --> 02:17:54,305
There were many who
thought themselves lucky,
2153
02:17:55,038 --> 02:17:57,258
who climbed out of the
ruins of their homes,
2154
02:17:57,675 --> 02:17:58,800
only slightly injured.
2155
02:18:00,667 --> 02:18:01,675
But they died anyway.
2156
02:18:03,133 --> 02:18:05,466
They died days, or weeks later,
2157
02:18:06,390 --> 02:18:08,925
from iridium-like rays
emitted in great numbers
2158
02:18:09,591 --> 02:18:11,175
at the moment of the explosion.
2159
02:18:13,050 --> 02:18:14,716
Did you read this
crap in the papers?
2160
02:18:15,091 --> 02:18:16,675
A British physicist is saying
2161
02:18:16,925 --> 02:18:19,591
the atomic bombings were
not the last act of World War II,
2162
02:18:19,902 --> 02:18:22,633
but the first act of this
cold war with Russia.
2163
02:18:23,292 --> 02:18:24,281
Which physicist?
2164
02:18:24,633 --> 02:18:26,883
I think you knew him.
Patrick Blackett.
2165
02:18:30,258 --> 02:18:33,133
He may not be wrong.
Stimson is now telling me
2166
02:18:33,216 --> 02:18:36,133
we bombed an enemy that
was essentially defeated.
2167
02:18:36,341 --> 02:18:38,466
Robert, you've all the influence now.
2168
02:18:39,805 --> 02:18:40,792
Please,
2169
02:18:41,508 --> 02:18:43,550
urge them to continue
my research on the Super.
2170
02:18:43,883 --> 02:18:45,508
I neither can nor will, Edward.
2171
02:18:45,910 --> 02:18:46,908
Why not?
2172
02:18:47,258 --> 02:18:48,910
It's not the right use of our resources.
2173
02:18:49,425 --> 02:18:50,758
Is that what you really believe?
2174
02:18:51,741 --> 02:18:55,508
J. Robert Oppenheimer?
Sphinx-like guru of the atom?
2175
02:18:57,175 --> 02:18:58,675
Nobody knows what you believe.
2176
02:18:59,883 --> 02:19:01,425
Do you? Hmm?
2177
02:19:02,300 --> 02:19:06,133
One final time, our program director,
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
2178
02:19:08,008 --> 02:19:09,966
I hope that in years to come,
2179
02:19:10,300 --> 02:19:12,591
you will look back
on your work here with pride.
2180
02:19:13,675 --> 02:19:17,608
But today, that pride must be tempered
with a profound concern.
2181
02:19:19,648 --> 02:19:23,133
If atomic weapons are to be added
to the arsenals of a warring world,
2182
02:19:24,883 --> 02:19:28,716
then the day will come when people
will curse the name of Los Alamos.
2183
02:19:33,175 --> 02:19:34,191
Uh, sorry, Admiral.
2184
02:19:35,091 --> 02:19:36,258
Stopped off to get this.
2185
02:19:37,383 --> 02:19:38,633
Seems pretty favorable.
2186
02:19:39,925 --> 02:19:42,008
There's Oppenheimer. What's the caption?
2187
02:19:42,136 --> 02:19:45,073
Uh, "J. Robert Oppenheimer.
Strauss fought him...
2188
02:19:47,009 --> 02:19:48,091
"and the US won."
2189
02:19:49,675 --> 02:19:50,675
That'll work.
2190
02:19:51,066 --> 02:19:52,758
Those were your words from the other day.
2191
02:19:53,008 --> 02:19:54,009
We needed to pivot.
2192
02:19:54,831 --> 02:19:57,472
But how would you know what
Time Magazine was gonna write?
2193
02:19:57,675 --> 02:19:59,216
Henry Luce is a friend.
2194
02:20:07,133 --> 02:20:09,341
You sat here and let me
tell you how it's done,
2195
02:20:10,133 --> 02:20:11,966
but you've been
far ahead all along.
2196
02:20:12,525 --> 02:20:14,508
Survival in Washington.
2197
02:20:15,425 --> 02:20:17,050
It's about knowing how to get things done.
2198
02:20:18,133 --> 02:20:19,157
Right.
2199
02:20:21,300 --> 02:20:22,591
What was it you said about Borden?
2200
02:20:23,265 --> 02:20:25,008
Why get caught holding
the knife yourself?
2201
02:20:27,521 --> 02:20:30,175
I'm beginning to think Borden
was holding the knife for you.
2202
02:20:33,279 --> 02:20:35,133
It's gonna come down
to how much influence
2203
02:20:35,175 --> 02:20:37,091
Borden's been able to exert on Teller.
2204
02:20:38,341 --> 02:20:39,591
Did I say something funny?
2205
02:20:39,755 --> 02:20:44,175
Just "Borden, Borden, Borden",
when we all know that it's Strauss.
2206
02:20:44,633 --> 02:20:46,591
Lewis brought me
to Princeton, Kitty.
2207
02:20:47,258 --> 02:20:49,749
And then you humiliated
him in front of Congress.
2208
02:20:49,829 --> 02:20:51,383
But more useful than a sandwich!
2209
02:20:55,383 --> 02:20:56,385
How'd I do?
2210
02:20:57,800 --> 02:20:59,216
Maybe a little too well, Robert.
2211
02:20:59,883 --> 02:21:01,028
That was six years ago.
2212
02:21:01,175 --> 02:21:04,550
You know, they're truly vindictive,
patient as saints.
2213
02:21:04,841 --> 02:21:07,258
Strauss has been perfectly
clear that he is neutral.
2214
02:21:08,300 --> 02:21:11,091
Wake up! It is Strauss!
2215
02:21:11,300 --> 02:21:13,216
It's always been Strauss, and you know it!
2216
02:21:14,216 --> 02:21:15,550
Why won't you fight him?
2217
02:21:19,175 --> 02:21:22,781
It wasn't Nichols, or Hoover,
or one of Truman's guys.
2218
02:21:22,839 --> 02:21:23,839
It was you.
2219
02:21:24,332 --> 02:21:25,550
You gave the file to Borden.
2220
02:21:25,758 --> 02:21:27,216
You set him on Oppenheimer.
2221
02:21:27,383 --> 02:21:28,550
You convinced him...
-Borden...
2222
02:21:29,966 --> 02:21:31,925
didn't take any convincing.
2223
02:21:32,342 --> 02:21:33,841
Take your time,
use the entire file.
2224
02:21:34,216 --> 02:21:36,300
Write up your conclusions,
send them to the FBI.
2225
02:21:36,633 --> 02:21:38,800
The material's obviously extensive,
2226
02:21:38,841 --> 02:21:40,883
but there's nothing new here.
2227
02:21:41,133 --> 02:21:42,258
Your conclusions will be.
2228
02:21:43,273 --> 02:21:44,591
And they'll have to be answered.
2229
02:21:45,466 --> 02:21:46,966
Hoover passes them to McCarthy?
2230
02:21:47,425 --> 02:21:50,008
Oppenheimer's too slippery
for that self-promoting clown.
2231
02:21:50,633 --> 02:21:51,758
I've talked it over with Hoover.
2232
02:21:51,800 --> 02:21:55,216
He'll hold McCarthy at bay
while you do this with the AEC.
2233
02:21:55,800 --> 02:21:57,675
Trial?
-No, no trial.
2234
02:21:57,716 --> 02:22:00,216
You can't give Oppenheimer a platform.
2235
02:22:00,675 --> 02:22:01,716
You can't martyr him.
2236
02:22:02,701 --> 02:22:05,883
We need a systematic destruction
of Oppenheimer's credibility,
2237
02:22:05,925 --> 02:22:09,133
so he can never again speak
on matters of national security.
2238
02:22:10,341 --> 02:22:11,343
Then what?
2239
02:22:12,841 --> 02:22:15,883
A shabby little room.
Far from the limelight.
2240
02:22:21,925 --> 02:22:26,050
A simple bureaucratic procedure.
His Q clearance. It's up for renewal.
2241
02:22:26,425 --> 02:22:29,008
You send your accusations to the FBI...
2242
02:22:31,508 --> 02:22:34,466
Hoover sends them to the AEC.
You're forced to act.
2243
02:22:35,216 --> 02:22:36,508
You write up an indictment.
2244
02:22:37,050 --> 02:22:40,300
You tell Oppenheimer his security
clearance is not being renewed.
2245
02:22:41,050 --> 02:22:42,716
But offer him the chance to appeal.
2246
02:22:42,883 --> 02:22:44,966
As you can see, Robert,
it's not yet signed.
2247
02:22:45,341 --> 02:22:46,841
May I keep this?
-No.
2248
02:22:47,716 --> 02:22:51,216
If you do decide to appeal,
they'll have to send you a copy.
2249
02:22:51,758 --> 02:22:56,300
When he appeals, and trust me,
he will, I appoint a board.
2250
02:22:57,300 --> 02:22:59,050
They will, of course, have counsel.
2251
02:23:00,008 --> 02:23:01,591
Prosecutor?
-In all but name.
2252
02:23:01,800 --> 02:23:03,758
Who?
-Roger Robb.
2253
02:23:03,800 --> 02:23:04,798
Ouch.
2254
02:23:04,841 --> 02:23:08,091
Robb will have security clearance
to examine Oppenheimer's file.
2255
02:23:08,216 --> 02:23:10,758
As will the Gray Board.
Defense counsel will not.
2256
02:23:12,466 --> 02:23:13,466
A closed hearing.
2257
02:23:13,716 --> 02:23:17,800
The so-called interrogatory information
in your indictment of me...
2258
02:23:17,841 --> 02:23:21,466
No audience, no reporters,
no burden of proof.
2259
02:23:21,966 --> 02:23:22,967
No burden of proof?
2260
02:23:24,966 --> 02:23:25,966
We're not convicting.
2261
02:23:27,133 --> 02:23:28,675
We're just denying.
2262
02:23:34,591 --> 02:23:36,508
What is it you said?
2263
02:23:37,508 --> 02:23:40,675
This is just how the game is played.
2264
02:23:41,508 --> 02:23:42,925
Well, forgive my naivete.
2265
02:23:43,841 --> 02:23:47,341
Amateurs seek the sun, get eaten.
2266
02:23:48,883 --> 02:23:51,925
Power stays in the shadows.
2267
02:23:52,216 --> 02:23:55,133
But, sir, you're... you're
out of the shadows now.
2268
02:23:55,175 --> 02:23:56,966
Yeah, that's why this has to work.
2269
02:23:57,133 --> 02:23:58,119
Well...
2270
02:24:00,061 --> 02:24:01,758
Teller's testifying this morning.
2271
02:24:02,008 --> 02:24:03,258
That'll help. And then...
2272
02:24:04,647 --> 02:24:05,947
Hill is in the afternoon.
2273
02:24:05,972 --> 02:24:07,216
Hill is gonna help us too.
2274
02:24:10,591 --> 02:24:12,925
As you can see, Robert,
it's not yet signed.
2275
02:24:13,841 --> 02:24:15,133
May I keep this?
-No.
2276
02:24:17,966 --> 02:24:22,383
If you do decide to appeal, then
they'll have to send you a copy.
2277
02:24:26,425 --> 02:24:28,341
Take my car and driver, I insist.
2278
02:24:33,300 --> 02:24:35,175
I'll have to consult my lawyers, Lewis.
2279
02:24:35,383 --> 02:24:38,050
Of course. But don't take too long.
2280
02:24:38,216 --> 02:24:39,716
I can't keep Nichols at bay.
2281
02:24:46,383 --> 02:24:48,193
I'm sorry it's come to this, Robert.
2282
02:24:48,758 --> 02:24:49,759
I think it's wrong.
2283
02:25:03,258 --> 02:25:06,216
Nichols wants me to fight,
so he can get it all on the record.
2284
02:25:06,797 --> 02:25:08,175
Strauss wants me to walk away.
2285
02:25:08,617 --> 02:25:13,071
Strauss knows that you can't do that.
You'd be accepting the charges.
2286
02:25:13,967 --> 02:25:15,175
You'll lose your job.
2287
02:25:15,508 --> 02:25:18,258
You will lose your reputation.
We'll lose our house.
2288
02:25:18,550 --> 02:25:19,800
Robert, we have to fight.
2289
02:25:23,300 --> 02:25:25,341
As AEC counsel, I can't represent you.
2290
02:25:25,925 --> 02:25:27,050
I'll call Lloyd Garrison.
2291
02:25:27,675 --> 02:25:28,676
Oh, he's good.
2292
02:25:28,925 --> 02:25:31,925
The best, but I have to warn you.
2293
02:25:33,716 --> 02:25:34,925
This won't be a fair fight.
2294
02:25:35,800 --> 02:25:39,758
During your interview with Boris Pash
in 1943, did you refer to microfilm?
2295
02:25:40,008 --> 02:25:43,216
No.
-Tab 11, page one, paragraph three.
2296
02:25:43,258 --> 02:25:46,675
You never said, "man of the consulate,
expert in the use of microfilm"?
2297
02:25:46,716 --> 02:25:47,716
I'm sorry, I'm sorry...
-No.
2298
02:25:47,758 --> 02:25:50,133
I would like to know what document
Mr. Robb is quoting from,
2299
02:25:50,175 --> 02:25:51,616
and if we might be furnished with a copy.
2300
02:25:52,008 --> 02:25:53,841
The document is classified, Mr. Garrison.
2301
02:25:54,008 --> 02:25:56,258
I think we should get back
to firsthand information.
2302
02:25:56,300 --> 02:25:57,300
This is firsthand.
2303
02:25:57,758 --> 02:25:58,772
How so, Roger?
2304
02:26:00,925 --> 02:26:02,258
There was a recording of the interview.
2305
02:26:07,341 --> 02:26:10,175
You let my client sit here
and potentially perjure himself,
2306
02:26:10,216 --> 02:26:12,383
and all this time, you had a recording?
2307
02:26:12,633 --> 02:26:15,466
Nobody told your client to
misrepresent his former answers.
2308
02:26:15,508 --> 02:26:17,216
Misrepresent? It was 12 years ago!
2309
02:26:17,800 --> 02:26:18,817
Can we hear this recording?
2310
02:26:19,050 --> 02:26:20,302
You don't have the
clearance, Mr. Garrison.
2311
02:26:20,349 --> 02:26:22,175
But you're reading
it into the record!
2312
02:26:22,591 --> 02:26:26,883
Please, please. Is this proceeding
interested in entrapment or in truth?
2313
02:26:27,383 --> 02:26:31,341
If it's truth, where's the disclosure?
Where's the witness list?
2314
02:26:31,383 --> 02:26:34,216
Mr. Garrison, this isn't a trial,
as you are well aware.
2315
02:26:34,258 --> 02:26:38,091
Evidentiary rules do not apply.
We are dealing with national security.
2316
02:26:38,216 --> 02:26:39,425
Yes, sir, with all due respect,
2317
02:26:39,466 --> 02:26:43,675
I fail to see how national security
prevents the prosecution from
2318
02:26:43,716 --> 02:26:45,883
providing us with a list of witnesses!
-Perhaps we are in need
2319
02:26:45,925 --> 02:26:48,216
of a brief recess.
-Gentlemen. You have my words.
2320
02:26:48,258 --> 02:26:51,091
If you say they're from
a transcript, then I'll accept it.
2321
02:26:51,133 --> 02:26:53,841
I've already explained
I made up a cock-and-bull story.
2322
02:26:54,008 --> 02:26:57,050
And why would anyone make up
such an elaborate story?
2323
02:26:57,091 --> 02:26:58,300
Because I was an idiot.
2324
02:26:59,550 --> 02:27:00,551
Why lie?
2325
02:27:00,716 --> 02:27:04,872
Well, clearly with the intention of not
revealing who the intermediary was.
2326
02:27:05,008 --> 02:27:07,341
Your friend, Haakon Chevalier,
the communist.
2327
02:27:07,966 --> 02:27:08,970
Is he still your friend?
2328
02:27:09,883 --> 02:27:10,893
Yes.
2329
02:27:14,300 --> 02:27:16,008
Dr. Rabi, thank you for coming.
2330
02:27:16,419 --> 02:27:18,216
You know who else the
prosecution has called?
2331
02:27:18,466 --> 02:27:22,466
Teller, obviously.
They've asked Lawrence.
2332
02:27:22,883 --> 02:27:25,133
What did he say?
-He wasn't going to help them,
2333
02:27:25,800 --> 02:27:26,883
but...
-But?
2334
02:27:27,747 --> 02:27:32,008
Strauss told him that you and Ruth Tolman
had been having an affair for years.
2335
02:27:32,341 --> 02:27:34,175
The whole time you lived
with them in Pasadena.
2336
02:27:35,050 --> 02:27:38,175
He convinced Lawrence that
Richard died of a broken heart.
2337
02:27:38,216 --> 02:27:40,086
That's absurd.
-What part?
2338
02:27:40,175 --> 02:27:43,216
A broken heart.
Richard never found out.
2339
02:27:44,425 --> 02:27:45,633
Is Lawrence gonna testify?
2340
02:27:46,216 --> 02:27:47,219
I don't know.
2341
02:27:48,091 --> 02:27:52,175
Dr. Rabi, what governmental
positions do you currently hold?
2342
02:27:52,716 --> 02:27:55,633
I am the chairman of the
general advisory committee
2343
02:27:55,675 --> 02:27:57,966
to the AEC, succeeding
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2344
02:27:58,550 --> 02:28:00,466
And how long have you
known Dr. Oppenheimer?
2345
02:28:01,466 --> 02:28:05,300
Since 1928. I... I know him quite well.
2346
02:28:05,628 --> 02:28:09,175
Well enough to speak to the bearing
of his loyalty and character?
2347
02:28:09,862 --> 02:28:13,091
Dr. Oppenheimer is a man
of upstanding character.
2348
02:28:13,966 --> 02:28:17,383
And he is loyal to the
United States, to his friends,
2349
02:28:17,841 --> 02:28:19,716
to the institutions of which he is part.
2350
02:28:21,841 --> 02:28:22,841
Eat.
2351
02:28:42,258 --> 02:28:43,258
Who was that?
2352
02:28:43,466 --> 02:28:44,466
Nothing to worry about.
2353
02:28:48,133 --> 02:28:49,633
After the Russian A-bomb test,
2354
02:28:49,675 --> 02:28:52,091
did Dr. Lawrence come to see you
about the hydrogen bomb?
2355
02:28:52,350 --> 02:28:53,883
You'd be better off asking him.
2356
02:28:54,175 --> 02:28:55,216
Well, I fully intend to.
2357
02:28:56,388 --> 02:29:00,008
Would you say that Dr. Oppenheimer
was unalterably opposed to the H-bomb?
2358
02:29:00,383 --> 02:29:03,383
No, he, he thought that a fusion program
2359
02:29:03,425 --> 02:29:06,216
would come at the expense
of our awfully good fission program.
2360
02:29:06,300 --> 02:29:07,883
But that proved not to be the case.
2361
02:29:08,425 --> 02:29:09,883
In the event, both could be done.
2362
02:29:10,383 --> 02:29:13,008
Suppose that this board
did not feel satisfied
2363
02:29:13,050 --> 02:29:16,501
that in his testimony here
Dr. Oppenheimer had been wholly truthful,
2364
02:29:17,216 --> 02:29:19,091
what would you say whether
or not he should be cleared?
2365
02:29:19,383 --> 02:29:21,633
Why go through all this against a man
2366
02:29:21,675 --> 02:29:23,758
who has accomplished
what Dr. Oppenheimer has?
2367
02:29:23,800 --> 02:29:24,883
Look at his record.
2368
02:29:25,550 --> 02:29:27,800
We have an A-bomb,
and a whole series of it.
2369
02:29:27,925 --> 02:29:30,466
We have a whole series of Super bombs.
What more do you want?
2370
02:29:31,470 --> 02:29:32,470
Mermaids?
2371
02:29:33,091 --> 02:29:35,925
But I've known Secretary
Strauss for many years.
2372
02:29:36,282 --> 02:29:39,425
And I feel it a necessity
to express the warm support
2373
02:29:39,974 --> 02:29:42,341
for science and scientists
Lewis has shown.
2374
02:29:42,591 --> 02:29:43,592
We'll break now.
2375
02:29:44,008 --> 02:29:47,966
Unless there's any immediate business.
-Senator, I'd like to once again request
2376
02:29:48,466 --> 02:29:51,050
that we're furnished
with a list of witnesses.
2377
02:29:51,216 --> 02:29:52,758
And I will remind the nominee
2378
02:29:52,800 --> 02:29:55,489
that we don't always have
that information in advance.
2379
02:29:55,758 --> 02:29:58,133
We do know that Dr. Hill
will be here after lunch.
2380
02:29:58,646 --> 02:30:01,508
Mr. Chairman, our next
scheduled witness, Dr. Lawrence,
2381
02:30:01,591 --> 02:30:04,300
has apparently come down with colitis.
2382
02:30:07,675 --> 02:30:09,912
So we'll proceed with
William Borden instead.
2383
02:30:10,966 --> 02:30:13,300
Mr. Borden, welcome. Please take a seat.
2384
02:30:15,133 --> 02:30:16,135
Mr. Borden,
2385
02:30:17,471 --> 02:30:20,091
during your investigation
into Dr. Oppenheimer,
2386
02:30:20,133 --> 02:30:21,800
did you reach certain conclusions?
2387
02:30:22,383 --> 02:30:24,133
I did.
-And did there come a time
2388
02:30:24,175 --> 02:30:27,341
when you expressed those conclusions
in a letter to Mr. J. Edgar Hoover,
2389
02:30:27,508 --> 02:30:30,300
of the Federal Bureau of Investigation?
-That is correct.
2390
02:30:30,341 --> 02:30:32,966
Prior to the writing of the letter,
did you discuss the writing of the letter
2391
02:30:33,008 --> 02:30:35,216
with anybody attached to the
Atomic Energy Commission?
2392
02:30:35,758 --> 02:30:36,883
I did not. -Excellent.
2393
02:30:36,925 --> 02:30:38,841
Do you have a copy of the letter?
-I have one in front of me.
2394
02:30:38,916 --> 02:30:41,050
Would you please be
so kind as to read it, sir?
2395
02:30:42,341 --> 02:30:44,758
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
the purpose of this letter
2396
02:30:44,800 --> 02:30:47,133
"is to state..."
-I'm sorry, I'm sorry, if I could have...
2397
02:30:47,758 --> 02:30:50,508
What is the purpose of the delay?
He's simply going to read the letter.
2398
02:30:51,758 --> 02:30:54,050
Mr. Chairman, this is the first
I've seen of this letter.
2399
02:30:54,508 --> 02:30:57,423
And I see statements here, at least one,
2400
02:30:57,447 --> 02:30:59,883
of a kind that I don't think anyone
would like to see go into the record.
2401
02:30:59,925 --> 02:31:02,341
These are accusations that
have not previously been made,
2402
02:31:02,633 --> 02:31:04,466
that are not part of the
indictment from Nichols.
2403
02:31:04,508 --> 02:31:07,050
Accusations of a kind that
I don't think belong here.
2404
02:31:07,091 --> 02:31:09,216
The witness wrote this letter
on his own initiative,
2405
02:31:09,258 --> 02:31:11,508
laying out evidence that has
already been before the board.
2406
02:31:11,716 --> 02:31:13,341
His conclusions are valid testimony,
2407
02:31:13,383 --> 02:31:16,633
just like the positive conclusions
of friends of Dr. Oppenheimer.
2408
02:31:16,675 --> 02:31:17,800
It cuts both ways.
2409
02:31:18,300 --> 02:31:20,550
How long has counsel been
in possession of this letter?
2410
02:31:20,706 --> 02:31:24,133
I don't think I should be subject to
cross-examination by you, Mr. Garrison.
2411
02:31:24,175 --> 02:31:27,300
Mr. Garrison, given that we
on the board have all read the letter,
2412
02:31:27,341 --> 02:31:29,008
wouldn't it be better
to have it in the record?
2413
02:31:30,466 --> 02:31:31,467
Let's proceed.
2414
02:31:33,591 --> 02:31:34,633
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
2415
02:31:35,591 --> 02:31:38,008
"the purpose of this letter
is to state my opinion,
2416
02:31:38,398 --> 02:31:41,851
"based upon years of study
of the available classified evidence,
2417
02:31:42,675 --> 02:31:44,341
"that, more probably than not,
2418
02:31:44,758 --> 02:31:48,716
"J. Robert Oppenheimer
is an agent of the Soviet Union.
2419
02:31:49,577 --> 02:31:51,716
"The following
conclusions are justified.
2420
02:31:52,133 --> 02:31:56,508
"One, between 1929 and 1942,
more probably than not,
2421
02:31:56,656 --> 02:32:00,175
"J. Robert Oppenheimer was
a sufficiently hardened communist
2422
02:32:00,383 --> 02:32:02,633
"that he volunteered
information to the Soviets.
2423
02:32:03,050 --> 02:32:05,258
"Two, more probably than not,
2424
02:32:05,300 --> 02:32:08,716
"he has since been functioning
as an espionage agent.
2425
02:32:09,675 --> 02:32:10,659
"Three.
2426
02:32:10,966 --> 02:32:14,925
"More probably than not, he has
since acted under a Soviet directive
2427
02:32:14,966 --> 02:32:17,758
"in influencing
United States military policy."
2428
02:32:17,809 --> 02:32:20,091
I'm sorry, Robert.
-"Atomic energy, intelligence and..."
2429
02:32:20,216 --> 02:32:24,591
Is anyone ever going to tell the truth
about what's happening here?
2430
02:32:25,050 --> 02:32:27,841
We will now hear from Dr. David Hill.
2431
02:32:38,216 --> 02:32:41,050
Dr. Hill, would you care
to make a statement?
2432
02:32:43,300 --> 02:32:44,314
Thank you.
2433
02:32:44,571 --> 02:32:48,258
I've been asked to testify
about Lewis Strauss,
2434
02:32:48,550 --> 02:32:53,425
a man who has given years of service
in high positions of government,
2435
02:32:53,591 --> 02:32:58,091
and who is known to be earnest,
hard-working, and intelligent.
2436
02:32:59,800 --> 02:33:01,591
The views I have to express are my own,
2437
02:33:02,258 --> 02:33:05,508
but I believe that much I have
to say will help to indicate why
2438
02:33:06,675 --> 02:33:10,550
most of the scientists in this country
would prefer to see Mr. Strauss
2439
02:33:11,574 --> 02:33:13,425
completely out of government.
2440
02:33:15,410 --> 02:33:19,508
You're referring to the hostility
of certain scientists,
2441
02:33:19,633 --> 02:33:23,383
directed toward Mr. Strauss,
because of his commitment to security,
2442
02:33:23,425 --> 02:33:25,966
as demonstrated in the Oppenheimer affair?
2443
02:33:28,966 --> 02:33:29,982
No.
2444
02:33:30,216 --> 02:33:35,008
Because of the personal vindictiveness
he demonstrated against Dr. Oppenheimer.
2445
02:33:37,050 --> 02:33:39,841
Order! Order!
2446
02:33:40,258 --> 02:33:43,466
It appears to most scientists
around this country
2447
02:33:44,942 --> 02:33:47,883
that Robert Oppenheimer
is now being pilloried,
2448
02:33:47,925 --> 02:33:51,966
and put through an ordeal, because
he expressed his honest opinions.
2449
02:33:52,716 --> 02:33:55,883
Dr. Bush, I thought I was
performing a service to my country
2450
02:33:55,925 --> 02:33:59,258
when hearing this case.
-No board, in this country,
2451
02:33:59,800 --> 02:34:03,591
should sit in judgment of a man
because he expressed his strong opinions.
2452
02:34:03,925 --> 02:34:06,216
If you want to try that case,
you should try me.
2453
02:34:07,216 --> 02:34:09,841
Excuse me, gentlemen,
if I've... become stirred.
2454
02:34:11,091 --> 02:34:12,089
But I am.
2455
02:34:12,477 --> 02:34:16,550
Dr. Hill, we've already heard that
Mr. Strauss did not bring the charges,
2456
02:34:16,591 --> 02:34:19,591
or participate in the hearings
against Dr. Oppenheimer.
2457
02:34:19,633 --> 02:34:21,341
The Oppenheimer matter was...
2458
02:34:22,216 --> 02:34:26,883
initiated, and carried through, largely
through the animus of Lewis Strauss.
2459
02:34:28,425 --> 02:34:31,296
Oppenheimer made mincemeat
out of Strauss's position
2460
02:34:31,343 --> 02:34:33,440
on the shipments
of isotopes to Norway,
2461
02:34:33,503 --> 02:34:36,675
and Strauss never forgave him
this public humiliation.
2462
02:34:37,591 --> 02:34:41,008
Another controversy between them centered
around their differences in judgment
2463
02:34:41,050 --> 02:34:43,994
on how the H-bomb would
contribute to national security.
2464
02:34:44,283 --> 02:34:47,550
Strauss turned to the personnel
security system in order to
2465
02:34:47,800 --> 02:34:50,175
destroy Oppenheimer's effectiveness,
2466
02:34:50,300 --> 02:34:53,091
and Strauss was able
to find a few ambitious men
2467
02:34:53,550 --> 02:34:57,175
who also disagreed with Oppenheimer's
positions and envied him
2468
02:34:57,300 --> 02:34:59,300
his prestige in government circles.
2469
02:34:59,675 --> 02:35:03,550
I've always assumed, and still assume,
that he is loyal to the United States.
2470
02:35:04,341 --> 02:35:06,063
I believe this, and I shall believe it,
2471
02:35:06,087 --> 02:35:08,299
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.
2472
02:35:08,925 --> 02:35:12,633
Do you or do you not believe that
Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk?
2473
02:35:16,550 --> 02:35:19,927
In a great number of cases, I have
seen Dr. Oppenheimer act in a way
2474
02:35:19,987 --> 02:35:23,008
which was, to me, exceedingly
hard to understand.
2475
02:35:23,369 --> 02:35:25,689
I thoroughly disagreed with
him in numerous issues,
2476
02:35:25,925 --> 02:35:29,216
and his actions frankly appeared to me
confused and complicated.
2477
02:35:29,300 --> 02:35:33,947
To this extent, I feel I want to see
the vital interests of this country
2478
02:35:34,258 --> 02:35:37,925
in hands which I understand better,
and therefore trust more.
2479
02:35:39,133 --> 02:35:40,408
Thank you, Doctor.
-Thank you.
2480
02:35:44,661 --> 02:35:45,676
I'm sorry.
2481
02:35:48,466 --> 02:35:50,383
You shook his fucking hand!?
2482
02:35:51,675 --> 02:35:53,550
Oh, I would have spit in his face.
2483
02:35:53,591 --> 02:35:55,685
I'm not sure the Board
would have appreciated that.
2484
02:35:55,800 --> 02:35:57,341
Is it not gentlemanly enough for you?
2485
02:35:57,383 --> 02:36:00,216
Well, I think you're all
being too goddamn gentlemanly.
2486
02:36:00,286 --> 02:36:04,091
Gray must see what Robb is doing.
Why doesn't he just shut him down?
2487
02:36:04,364 --> 02:36:06,425
And you, shaking Teller's hand.
2488
02:36:06,685 --> 02:36:09,716
You need to stop playing the martyr.
2489
02:36:10,925 --> 02:36:15,278
Under the current AEC guidelines,
would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today?
2490
02:36:21,675 --> 02:36:26,258
Under my interpretation
of the Atomic Energy Act,
2491
02:36:26,300 --> 02:36:30,675
which did not exist when I hired
Dr. Oppenheimer in 1942,
2492
02:36:32,216 --> 02:36:37,300
I would not clear him today
if I were on the commission.
2493
02:36:37,925 --> 02:36:39,285
Good. Thank you, General. That is all.
2494
02:36:39,355 --> 02:36:41,175
But I don't think I'd clear
any of those guys.
2495
02:36:41,972 --> 02:36:42,968
That's all.
2496
02:36:46,050 --> 02:36:48,816
Dr. Oppenheimer had no
responsibility in the selection
2497
02:36:48,863 --> 02:36:50,753
or the clearance of Klaus Fuchs, did he?
2498
02:36:50,925 --> 02:36:52,008
No. None at all.
2499
02:36:52,300 --> 02:36:55,633
And you wouldn't want to leave this
board with any suggestion today that
2500
02:36:55,807 --> 02:36:58,595
you're here questioning his
basic loyalty to the United States
2501
02:36:58,619 --> 02:37:00,097
in the operation of Los Alamos?
2502
02:37:00,550 --> 02:37:04,509
By no means. I hope I didn't lead anyone
to believe otherwise for an instant.
2503
02:37:05,883 --> 02:37:06,893
Thank you, General.
2504
02:37:24,550 --> 02:37:27,466
Okay. We shouldn't keep them waiting.
-She'll be here.
2505
02:37:28,300 --> 02:37:29,966
Do you even want her here?
2506
02:37:30,175 --> 02:37:32,633
Only a fool or an adolescent presumes
2507
02:37:32,675 --> 02:37:36,175
to know someone else's relationship,
and you're neither, Lloyd.
2508
02:37:38,966 --> 02:37:41,466
Kitty and I are grown-ups.
2509
02:37:42,758 --> 02:37:44,341
We've walked through fire together.
2510
02:37:45,341 --> 02:37:46,341
She'll do fine.
2511
02:37:47,716 --> 02:37:51,334
Would you describe your views
on communism as pro, anti, neutral?
2512
02:37:51,633 --> 02:37:52,758
Very strongly against.
2513
02:37:52,800 --> 02:37:55,425
I've had nothing to do with
communism in, since...
2514
02:37:55,800 --> 02:37:57,508
since 1936. Since...
2515
02:37:58,758 --> 02:38:00,175
Since before I met Robert.
2516
02:38:02,287 --> 02:38:03,303
That's all.
2517
02:38:04,550 --> 02:38:07,258
The record demonstrates that
Oppenheimer was not interrogated
2518
02:38:07,300 --> 02:38:10,313
by impartial and disinterested
counsel for the Gray Board.
2519
02:38:10,633 --> 02:38:12,905
He was interrogated
by a prosecutor who used
2520
02:38:12,930 --> 02:38:15,466
all the tricks of a rather
ingenious legal background.
2521
02:38:15,562 --> 02:38:19,800
You are charging now that the
Gray Board permitted a prosecution.
2522
02:38:20,508 --> 02:38:21,675
If I were on the Gray Board,
2523
02:38:22,591 --> 02:38:24,675
I would have protested against the tactics
2524
02:38:24,716 --> 02:38:27,508
of the man who served in fact
as the prosecuting counsel.
2525
02:38:27,591 --> 02:38:29,258
A man appointed not by the Board,
2526
02:38:30,649 --> 02:38:32,208
but by Lewis Strauss.
2527
02:38:34,800 --> 02:38:35,801
Who was this?
2528
02:38:37,383 --> 02:38:38,395
I'm sorry?
2529
02:38:39,133 --> 02:38:40,133
Who was this?
2530
02:38:40,675 --> 02:38:41,675
Roger Robb.
2531
02:38:42,341 --> 02:38:43,466
Mrs. Oppenheimer.
2532
02:38:48,287 --> 02:38:50,258
Did you have a Communist Party
membership card?
2533
02:38:52,175 --> 02:38:54,349
I'm... I'm not sure.
2534
02:38:54,420 --> 02:38:55,592
Not sure?
2535
02:38:58,383 --> 02:38:59,373
Well...
2536
02:39:03,050 --> 02:39:04,058
Well?
2537
02:39:12,800 --> 02:39:15,383
I mean, presumably,
the act of joining the party
2538
02:39:15,800 --> 02:39:18,758
required sending some money
and receiving a card, no?
2539
02:39:29,091 --> 02:39:30,093
Sorry.
2540
02:39:31,216 --> 02:39:32,230
Yes.
2541
02:39:34,716 --> 02:39:38,175
It's just, it was all so very long ago,
Mr. Robb, wasn't it?
2542
02:39:38,200 --> 02:39:39,747
Not really.
-Long enough to have forgotten.
2543
02:39:39,786 --> 02:39:42,883
Did you return the card, or rip it up?
-The card whose existence I've forgotten?
2544
02:39:42,925 --> 02:39:45,758
Your Communist Party membership card?
-Haven't the slightest idea.
2545
02:39:49,091 --> 02:39:52,925
Can a distinction be made between
Soviet communism and communism?
2546
02:39:53,591 --> 02:39:54,841
Well, in the days when I was a member,
2547
02:39:54,883 --> 02:39:56,800
I thought they were definitely two things.
-Oh?
2548
02:39:56,883 --> 02:39:59,633
I thought that the Communist
Party of the United States
2549
02:39:59,675 --> 02:40:03,258
was concerned with our domestic problems.
I now no longer believe this.
2550
02:40:03,383 --> 02:40:05,841
I believe the whole thing's linked
together and spread all over the world,
2551
02:40:05,883 --> 02:40:09,758
and I have believed this since
I left the party 16 years ago.
2552
02:40:09,883 --> 02:40:12,258
But...
-17 years ago. My mistake.
2553
02:40:12,758 --> 02:40:14,679
But you...
-Sorry, 18.
2554
02:40:15,633 --> 02:40:16,780
18 years ago.
2555
02:40:18,300 --> 02:40:20,925
Are you familiar with the fact your
husband was making contributions
2556
02:40:20,966 --> 02:40:23,591
to the Spanish Civil War as late as 1942?
2557
02:40:23,633 --> 02:40:25,800
I knew that Robert
gave money from time to time.
2558
02:40:25,841 --> 02:40:28,466
Did you know this money was going
into Communist Party channels?
2559
02:40:28,550 --> 02:40:30,425
Don't you mean through?
-Pardon?
2560
02:40:30,466 --> 02:40:33,300
I think you mean through
Communist Party channels, don't you?
2561
02:40:33,716 --> 02:40:34,700
Yes.
-Yes?
2562
02:40:34,876 --> 02:40:36,716
Yes.
-Yes.
2563
02:40:36,800 --> 02:40:40,026
Then would it be fair to say
that this meant that by 1942,
2564
02:40:40,057 --> 02:40:42,841
your husband had not stopped having
anything to do with the Communist Party?
2565
02:40:44,258 --> 02:40:46,925
You don't have to answer that yes or no,
you can answer that any way you wish.
2566
02:40:47,050 --> 02:40:49,841
I know that, thank you.
It's your question.
2567
02:40:50,785 --> 02:40:52,091
It's not properly phrased.
2568
02:40:52,133 --> 02:40:53,899
Do you understand what I'm getting at?
-I do.
2569
02:40:53,924 --> 02:40:56,422
Then why don't you answer it that way?
-Because I don't like your phrase,
2570
02:40:56,925 --> 02:40:58,716
"having anything to do
with the Communist Party,"
2571
02:40:58,758 --> 02:41:01,758
because Robert never had anything to do
with the Communist Party as such.
2572
02:41:02,091 --> 02:41:04,383
I know he gave money
to Spanish refugees.
2573
02:41:04,550 --> 02:41:07,675
I know he took an intellectual
interest in communist ideas.
2574
02:41:07,716 --> 02:41:09,217
Are there two types of communists?
2575
02:41:09,591 --> 02:41:12,008
Intellectual communists,
and your plain old regular commie?
2576
02:41:13,550 --> 02:41:15,121
Well, I couldn't answer that one.
2577
02:41:16,383 --> 02:41:17,370
I couldn't either.
2578
02:41:24,675 --> 02:41:25,659
Good evening.
2579
02:41:26,008 --> 02:41:27,341
Robert, you can't win this thing.
2580
02:41:27,550 --> 02:41:29,800
It's a kangaroo court with
a predetermined outcome.
2581
02:41:29,841 --> 02:41:31,175
Why put yourself through more of it?
2582
02:41:32,216 --> 02:41:33,550
I have my reasons.
2583
02:41:35,258 --> 02:41:36,259
Alright.
2584
02:41:36,800 --> 02:41:37,820
Good night.
2585
02:41:42,508 --> 02:41:43,591
He has a point.
2586
02:41:45,133 --> 02:41:47,425
I'm not sure you understand, Albert.
-No?
2587
02:41:48,621 --> 02:41:50,883
I left my country, never to return.
2588
02:41:52,148 --> 02:41:53,758
You served your country well.
2589
02:41:54,591 --> 02:41:56,966
If this is the reward
she offers you, then...
2590
02:41:58,155 --> 02:42:00,175
perhaps you should
turn your back on her.
2591
02:42:01,508 --> 02:42:03,258
Damn it, I happen to love this country.
2592
02:42:04,341 --> 02:42:06,050
Then tell them to go to hell.
2593
02:42:06,925 --> 02:42:10,466
Interestingly enough, this is
no longer a confirmation hearing.
2594
02:42:10,770 --> 02:42:12,133
It's now a trial...
2595
02:42:12,766 --> 02:42:13,966
about a trial!
2596
02:42:14,175 --> 02:42:15,174
For god's sakes!
2597
02:42:15,591 --> 02:42:18,300
It's not good he's telling everyone
you initiated the hearings.
2598
02:42:18,341 --> 02:42:20,425
He can't prove a goddamn thing.
2599
02:42:20,466 --> 02:42:23,925
He certainly can't prove
that I gave the file to Borden.
2600
02:42:24,008 --> 02:42:26,550
We're not in court, sir.
There's no burden of proof.
2601
02:42:27,175 --> 02:42:28,633
Right, they're not convicting.
2602
02:42:29,966 --> 02:42:31,216
They're just denying.
2603
02:42:31,841 --> 02:42:34,633
Why would Hill come here
to tear me down? What's his angle?
2604
02:42:34,799 --> 02:42:36,758
Do people need a reason
to do the right thing?
2605
02:42:37,300 --> 02:42:39,383
As he sees it.
-I told you.
2606
02:42:39,508 --> 02:42:41,920
Oppenheimer's been poisoning
the scientists against me
2607
02:42:41,944 --> 02:42:43,550
right from that first meeting.
2608
02:42:43,716 --> 02:42:46,463
I don't know what Oppenheimer
said to him that day,
2609
02:42:46,518 --> 02:42:49,236
but Einstein wouldn't even meet my eye.
2610
02:42:51,133 --> 02:42:53,050
Oppenheimer knows
how to manipulate his own.
2611
02:42:53,675 --> 02:42:54,716
At Los Alamos,
2612
02:42:55,258 --> 02:42:57,550
he preyed on the naivete of scientists
2613
02:42:57,591 --> 02:42:59,716
who thought they get a say
in how we use their work.
2614
02:43:00,008 --> 02:43:02,175
They'll never think he was
that naive himself.
2615
02:43:02,883 --> 02:43:06,008
Doctor, during your work
on the hydrogen bomb,
2616
02:43:06,282 --> 02:43:08,883
were you... deterred
by any moral qualms?
2617
02:43:09,866 --> 02:43:10,883
Yes, of course.
2618
02:43:11,341 --> 02:43:13,090
But you still got on with
your work, didn't you?
2619
02:43:13,157 --> 02:43:15,216
Yes, because this was work of exploration,
2620
02:43:15,258 --> 02:43:17,300
it was not the preparation of a weapon.
2621
02:43:17,591 --> 02:43:19,513
You mean it was more
of an academic excursion?
2622
02:43:19,560 --> 02:43:22,883
No, it is not an academic thing,
whether you can build a hydrogen bomb.
2623
02:43:22,925 --> 02:43:24,133
It's a matter of life and death.
2624
02:43:24,175 --> 02:43:26,425
By 1942, you were actively
pushing the development
2625
02:43:26,466 --> 02:43:27,466
of the hydrogen bomb, weren't you?
2626
02:43:27,508 --> 02:43:28,800
Pushing is not the right word.
2627
02:43:28,883 --> 02:43:30,758
Supporting it and working on it, yes.
2628
02:43:30,800 --> 02:43:33,133
So when did these moral
qualms become so strong
2629
02:43:33,195 --> 02:43:36,341
that you actively opposed the
development of the hydrogen bomb?
2630
02:43:36,508 --> 02:43:39,175
When it was suggested that it be
the policy of the United States
2631
02:43:39,216 --> 02:43:40,841
to make these things at all costs,
2632
02:43:40,883 --> 02:43:43,175
without regard to the balance
between these weapons
2633
02:43:43,341 --> 02:43:45,466
and atomic weapons as part of our arsenal.
2634
02:43:47,216 --> 02:43:49,273
What do moral qualms have to do with that?
2635
02:43:50,675 --> 02:43:52,633
What do moral qualms have to do with it?
-Yes.
2636
02:43:52,716 --> 02:43:55,050
Oppenheimer wanted to own the atomic bomb.
2637
02:43:55,091 --> 02:43:56,925
He wanted to be
The Man Who Moved the Earth.
2638
02:43:56,966 --> 02:44:01,200
He talks about putting the
nuclear genie back in the bottle.
2639
02:44:01,508 --> 02:44:03,458
Well, I'm here to tell you that I know,
2640
02:44:03,966 --> 02:44:08,300
J. Robert Oppenheimer, if he could
do it all over, he'd do it all the same.
2641
02:44:08,505 --> 02:44:11,883
You know he's never once
said that he regrets Hiroshima?
2642
02:44:12,175 --> 02:44:14,216
He'd do it all over. Why?
2643
02:44:14,886 --> 02:44:19,050
Because it made him the most
important man who ever lived.
2644
02:44:20,050 --> 02:44:22,714
We freely used the atomic bomb.
2645
02:44:22,758 --> 02:44:24,966
In fact, Doctor, you assisted
in selecting the target
2646
02:44:25,008 --> 02:44:26,841
to drop the atomic bomb
on Japan, didn't you?
2647
02:44:27,675 --> 02:44:29,202
Yes...
-Well then, you knew, did you not,
2648
02:44:29,226 --> 02:44:31,675
that by dropping that atomic bomb
on the target you selected,
2649
02:44:31,716 --> 02:44:34,341
that thousands of civilians would be
killed or injured. Is that correct?
2650
02:44:34,967 --> 02:44:36,758
Yes, not as many as turned out.
2651
02:44:36,800 --> 02:44:39,217
Oh. Then how many were killed or injured?
2652
02:44:39,800 --> 02:44:42,253
70,000.
-70,000, both Hiroshima and...
2653
02:44:42,298 --> 02:44:45,133
110,000 to both.
-On the day of each bombing?
2654
02:44:46,800 --> 02:44:47,862
Yes.
-Yes.
2655
02:44:47,883 --> 02:44:49,298
And in the weeks and years that followed?
2656
02:44:49,342 --> 02:44:52,491
It has been put at somewhere
between 50,000 and 100,000.
2657
02:44:52,528 --> 02:44:54,157
220,000 dead, at least.
2658
02:44:54,239 --> 02:44:56,199
Yes.
-Any moral scruples about that?
2659
02:44:58,241 --> 02:44:59,248
Terrible ones.
2660
02:44:59,282 --> 02:45:02,949
But yet you testified in here that the
bombing of Hiroshima was very successful.
2661
02:45:03,342 --> 02:45:06,257
Technically successful.
-Oh! Technically it was very successful.
2662
02:45:06,317 --> 02:45:08,677
And it is also alleged
to have helped to end the war.
2663
02:45:08,718 --> 02:45:11,635
Would you have been supportive of the
dropping of a hydrogen bomb on Hiroshima?
2664
02:45:12,052 --> 02:45:13,427
That would make no sense at all.
2665
02:45:13,593 --> 02:45:16,253
Why?
-The target is too small.
2666
02:45:16,308 --> 02:45:18,297
Well, supposing there
had been a target in Japan
2667
02:45:18,321 --> 02:45:20,082
big enough for a thermonuclear weapon,
2668
02:45:20,121 --> 02:45:21,593
would you have been opposed
to the dropping of it?
2669
02:45:21,635 --> 02:45:23,591
This was not a problem
with which I was confronted.
2670
02:45:23,593 --> 02:45:25,218
Well, I'm confronting
you with it now, sir.
2671
02:45:25,343 --> 02:45:26,635
It was all part of his plan.
2672
02:45:26,843 --> 02:45:30,718
He wanted the glorious,
insincere guilt of the self-important
2673
02:45:30,760 --> 02:45:33,135
to wear like a fucking crown and say,
2674
02:45:33,177 --> 02:45:38,177
"No, we cannot go down this road,"
even as he knew we'd have to.
2675
02:45:38,510 --> 02:45:41,311
Would you have been opposed
to the dropping of a thermonuclear weapon
2676
02:45:41,335 --> 02:45:44,040
on Japan because of moral scruples?
-Yes, I believe I would, sir.
2677
02:45:44,133 --> 02:45:46,427
Did you oppose the dropping
of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima
2678
02:45:46,468 --> 02:45:47,549
because of moral scruples?
2679
02:45:47,650 --> 02:45:50,010
We set forth our...
-No, you, you, you, you!
2680
02:45:50,052 --> 02:45:51,093
I'm asking you...
-I set...
2681
02:45:51,135 --> 02:45:53,510
You, you, you!
-I set forth our arguments
2682
02:45:53,552 --> 02:45:55,556
against dropping it,
but I did not endorse them.
2683
02:45:55,802 --> 02:45:58,802
You mean after working night and day
for three years building the bomb,
2684
02:45:58,968 --> 02:46:00,853
you then argued against the use of it?
2685
02:46:01,218 --> 02:46:04,927
I was asked by the Secretary of War
what the views of scientists were.
2686
02:46:04,968 --> 02:46:07,427
I gave them the views against
and the views for.
2687
02:46:07,468 --> 02:46:09,385
You supported the dropping
of the atom bomb
2688
02:46:09,427 --> 02:46:10,635
on Japan, didn't you?
-What do you mean...
2689
02:46:10,677 --> 02:46:12,266
You supported it...
-What do you mean, support?
2690
02:46:12,343 --> 02:46:13,893
Well, you helped pick
the target, didn't you?
2691
02:46:13,924 --> 02:46:17,343
I did my job. I was not in a
policy-making position at Los Alamos.
2692
02:46:17,427 --> 02:46:19,384
I would have done anything
I was asked to do.
2693
02:46:19,432 --> 02:46:21,760
Well, then, you would have built
the H-bomb too, wouldn't you?
2694
02:46:21,802 --> 02:46:24,066
But I couldn't...
-I didn't ask you that, Doctor!
2695
02:46:24,260 --> 02:46:28,510
And the GAC report, which you co-authored
after the Soviet atomic test said:
2696
02:46:28,633 --> 02:46:31,593
"A Super bomb should never be built!"
2697
02:46:31,675 --> 02:46:32,908
What we meant, what I meant...
2698
02:46:33,050 --> 02:46:34,550
What you, who?
-Look, what I meant...
2699
02:46:34,592 --> 02:46:35,611
Who?
2700
02:46:36,758 --> 02:46:39,592
Well, wouldn't the Russians do anything
to increase their strength?
2701
02:46:40,467 --> 02:46:42,508
If we did it, they would have to do it!
2702
02:46:42,550 --> 02:46:44,633
Our efforts would only fuel their efforts,
2703
02:46:44,675 --> 02:46:46,592
just as it had with the atomic bomb!
2704
02:46:46,842 --> 02:46:49,258
Just as it had with the
atomic bomb, exactly!
2705
02:46:50,550 --> 02:46:54,550
No moral scruples in 1945, plenty in 1949.
2706
02:46:59,050 --> 02:47:00,077
Dr. Oppenheimer...
2707
02:47:02,467 --> 02:47:06,842
when did your strong moral convictions
develop with respect to the hydrogen bomb?
2708
02:47:14,926 --> 02:47:16,384
When it became clear to me
2709
02:47:18,051 --> 02:47:20,884
that we would tend
to use any weapon we had.
2710
02:47:24,292 --> 02:47:28,926
J. Robert Oppenheimer the martyr,
I gave him exactly what he wanted.
2711
02:47:29,717 --> 02:47:31,198
To be remembered for Trinity,
2712
02:47:31,349 --> 02:47:33,134
not Hiroshima!
2713
02:47:34,009 --> 02:47:36,009
Not Nagasaki!
2714
02:47:39,134 --> 02:47:40,634
He should be thanking me.
2715
02:47:41,967 --> 02:47:42,968
Well, he's not.
2716
02:47:46,551 --> 02:47:47,926
Do we still have enough votes?
2717
02:47:48,217 --> 02:47:50,032
Or is the crowning moment of my career
2718
02:47:50,056 --> 02:47:53,009
about to become the most
public humiliation of my life?
2719
02:47:54,035 --> 02:47:55,467
Full Senate's about to vote.
2720
02:47:56,676 --> 02:47:57,656
You'll scrape through.
2721
02:47:57,713 --> 02:47:59,509
Great, then gather the fucking press.
2722
02:47:59,592 --> 02:48:02,221
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer, this board,
2723
02:48:02,384 --> 02:48:04,426
having heard testimony from you
2724
02:48:04,467 --> 02:48:07,299
and many of your current
and former colleagues,
2725
02:48:07,801 --> 02:48:11,634
has come to the unanimous conclusion
that you are a loyal citizen.
2726
02:48:14,259 --> 02:48:15,273
However...
2727
02:48:16,092 --> 02:48:19,426
In the light of your
continuing associations,
2728
02:48:19,467 --> 02:48:22,592
and disregard for the security
apparatus of this country,
2729
02:48:23,051 --> 02:48:26,342
together with your
somewhat disturbing conduct
2730
02:48:26,426 --> 02:48:28,092
on the hydrogen bomb program,
2731
02:48:28,759 --> 02:48:30,176
and the regrettable lack of candor
2732
02:48:30,217 --> 02:48:32,217
in certain of your
responses to this board,
2733
02:48:33,259 --> 02:48:34,926
we have voted, two-to-one,
2734
02:48:36,092 --> 02:48:39,134
to deny the renewal
of your security clearance.
2735
02:48:39,259 --> 02:48:42,295
A full written opinion,
with a dissent from Mr. Evans,
2736
02:48:42,759 --> 02:48:45,301
will be issued to the AEC
in the coming days.
2737
02:48:45,842 --> 02:48:46,842
That is all.
2738
02:48:57,802 --> 02:48:58,802
Robert.
2739
02:48:59,926 --> 02:49:00,926
Robert.
2740
02:49:04,092 --> 02:49:05,092
Don't...
2741
02:49:08,092 --> 02:49:09,259
Don't take in the sheets.
2742
02:49:15,326 --> 02:49:17,051
Two minutes. Two minutes!
2743
02:49:17,634 --> 02:49:18,759
You'll get your shot!
2744
02:49:22,759 --> 02:49:24,217
Is it official?
2745
02:49:26,176 --> 02:49:29,715
Well, there were a couple
of unexpected holdouts.
2746
02:49:35,134 --> 02:49:37,051
I'm denied. Yeah?
2747
02:49:37,884 --> 02:49:39,383
I'm afraid so, sir.
-Alright.
2748
02:49:47,301 --> 02:49:48,384
Who were the holdouts?
2749
02:49:48,585 --> 02:49:51,311
Um, there were three.
2750
02:49:51,444 --> 02:49:53,926
Led by the junior senator
from Massachusetts.
2751
02:49:54,014 --> 02:49:55,634
Young guy trying to make
a name for himself,
2752
02:49:55,676 --> 02:49:57,551
didn't like what you did to Oppenheimer.
2753
02:49:58,551 --> 02:49:59,536
What's his name?
2754
02:50:00,301 --> 02:50:01,842
Uh, Kennedy.
2755
02:50:02,277 --> 02:50:03,301
John F. Kennedy.
2756
02:50:07,357 --> 02:50:08,344
Kitty?
2757
02:50:14,801 --> 02:50:18,169
Did you think that if you
let them tar and feather you,
2758
02:50:18,509 --> 02:50:20,134
then the world would forgive you?
2759
02:50:24,169 --> 02:50:25,169
It won't.
2760
02:50:27,941 --> 02:50:28,941
We'll see.
2761
02:50:43,566 --> 02:50:45,051
You told me I'd be okay.
2762
02:50:45,801 --> 02:50:47,870
Yeah, well, I didn't have
all the facts, did I?
2763
02:50:48,009 --> 02:50:49,027
Here's a fact.
2764
02:50:49,217 --> 02:50:52,884
President Eisenhower pinned the
Medal of Freedom on my chest last year,
2765
02:50:53,259 --> 02:50:55,467
because I've always done
what's right for this country.
2766
02:50:55,759 --> 02:50:59,467
They don't want me in the cabinet room?
Well, that's... that's fine.
2767
02:51:00,426 --> 02:51:02,592
Maybe they should just
invite Oppenheimer instead.
2768
02:51:02,822 --> 02:51:03,842
Maybe they will.
2769
02:51:04,800 --> 02:51:07,785
I told you. He turned
the scientists against me,
2770
02:51:07,863 --> 02:51:09,884
one by one, starting with Einstein.
2771
02:51:09,926 --> 02:51:12,509
I told you about that. Einstein.
Einstein by the pond.
2772
02:51:12,551 --> 02:51:14,908
You did, but you know, sir,
since nobody...
2773
02:51:15,467 --> 02:51:17,842
really knows what they
said to each other that day,
2774
02:51:17,884 --> 02:51:21,009
is it possible they didn't
talk about you at all?
2775
02:51:21,676 --> 02:51:23,717
Is it possible they spoke
about something, uh...
2776
02:51:24,884 --> 02:51:25,926
more important?
2777
02:51:41,259 --> 02:51:42,264
Thank you.
2778
02:51:42,801 --> 02:51:43,800
Albert.
2779
02:51:47,176 --> 02:51:48,509
The man of the moment.
2780
02:51:52,842 --> 02:51:57,004
You once held a reception
for me in Berkeley.
2781
02:51:57,051 --> 02:51:59,068
You gave me an award, hmm?
-Yes.
2782
02:52:00,509 --> 02:52:05,009
You all thought that I had lost the
ability to understand what I'd started.
2783
02:52:05,951 --> 02:52:06,951
So...
2784
02:52:07,342 --> 02:52:11,264
The award really wasn't for me,
it was for all of you, hmm?
2785
02:52:13,592 --> 02:52:15,301
Now it's your turn
2786
02:52:15,801 --> 02:52:19,884
to deal with the consequences
of your achievement.
2787
02:52:21,426 --> 02:52:24,551
And one day, when they've
punished you enough,
2788
02:52:27,009 --> 02:52:30,384
they'll serve you salmon and potato salad.
2789
02:52:35,051 --> 02:52:36,092
Make speeches.
2790
02:52:37,713 --> 02:52:38,842
Give you a medal.
2791
02:52:41,342 --> 02:52:42,362
Hello, Frank.
2792
02:52:43,010 --> 02:52:44,467
You're happy, I'm happy.
2793
02:52:51,343 --> 02:52:53,676
Pat you on the back,
tell you all is forgiven.
2794
02:52:55,801 --> 02:52:56,926
Just remember...
2795
02:52:58,974 --> 02:53:00,592
it won't be for you.
2796
02:53:05,843 --> 02:53:06,967
It'll be for them.
2797
02:53:20,848 --> 02:53:21,848
Albert...
2798
02:53:24,093 --> 02:53:26,592
when I came to you
with those calculations,
2799
02:53:27,301 --> 02:53:29,301
we thought we might start a chain reaction
2800
02:53:29,342 --> 02:53:32,426
that would destroy the entire world.
2801
02:53:34,259 --> 02:53:37,218
I remember it well. What of it?
2802
02:53:41,218 --> 02:53:42,300
I believe we did.
207061
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