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MAN: From the White House
and the office
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of the President of
the United States,
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00:00:25,826 --> 00:00:28,362
we present an address
by Dwight D. Eisenhower.
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00:00:28,429 --> 00:00:30,864
This is the farewell address
for President Eisenhower,
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00:00:30,931 --> 00:00:32,966
whose eight years as
chief executive
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00:00:33,033 --> 00:00:35,236
come to an end
at noon Friday.
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00:00:35,303 --> 00:00:37,671
PRESIDENT EISENHOWER:
Good evening,
my fellow Americans.
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00:00:37,738 --> 00:00:41,575
We now stand
10 years past
the midpoint of a century
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that has witnessed
four major wars
among great nations.
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00:00:46,280 --> 00:00:49,917
Three of these
involved our own country.
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00:00:49,983 --> 00:00:51,585
We have been
compelled to create
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00:00:51,652 --> 00:00:55,756
a permanent armaments industry
of vast proportions.
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00:00:55,823 --> 00:00:58,626
Three and a half million
men and women
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00:00:58,692 --> 00:01:02,463
are directly engaged
in the defense establishment.
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Now, this conjunction
of an immense
military establishment
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00:01:05,766 --> 00:01:11,205
and a large arms industry
is new in
the American experience.
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We recognize the imperative
need for this development,
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yet we must not fail
to comprehend
its grave implications.
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MAN: What are we fighting for?
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Why do we bury
our sons and brothers
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in lonely graves
far from home?
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Our men are dying to
preserve a way of life.
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These privileges,
these rights,
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if precious
enough to fight for,
precious enough to die for.
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00:02:05,593 --> 00:02:06,827
(CAR HONKING)
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00:02:18,472 --> 00:02:21,842
McCAIN: The United States
is the greatest force
for good in the world.
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And we have,
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not an obligation to go out
and fight and start wars,
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but to certainly
do everything we can
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to spread democracy and
freedom throughout the world.
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We shall pay any price,
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bear any burden,
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to assure the survival
and the success of liberty.
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WOMAN: What are we
fighting for?
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Freedom.
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Freedom.
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I think we fight
because it's necessary
and because it's right.
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PRESIDENT BUSH SR.:
We're not talking simply
about the price of gas.
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00:02:54,608 --> 00:02:57,778
We are talking about
the price of liberty.
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00:02:57,845 --> 00:03:00,514
PRESIDENT JOHNSON:
We seek neither territory
nor bases.
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We fight for the principle
of self-determination.
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America's strength and, yes,
her military power
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00:03:06,186 --> 00:03:09,690
have been a force for peace,
not conquest.
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00:03:09,757 --> 00:03:13,361
PRESIDENT CLINTON: By keeping
our military strong,
by using force where we must,
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00:03:13,427 --> 00:03:18,065
America is making
a difference for people here
and around the world.
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00:03:18,131 --> 00:03:20,901
PRESIDENT BUSH JR.:
Our cause is just.
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00:03:20,968 --> 00:03:23,304
And no matter
how long it takes,
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00:03:23,371 --> 00:03:26,206
we will defeat
the enemies of freedom.
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00:03:37,685 --> 00:03:39,487
SEKZER: I was
on my way into work
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and I was taking the subway,
which is an elevated subway.
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And as the subway
heads to New York,
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00:03:47,094 --> 00:03:51,231
there comes a point
where it makes a very
abrupt left-hand turn,
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00:03:51,299 --> 00:03:53,901
almost--almost
a 90 degree turn.
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And when it does that,
the wheels of the subway
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00:03:56,370 --> 00:03:58,339
always screech loudly.
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00:03:58,406 --> 00:04:00,007
(SUBWAY WHEELS SCREECHING)
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00:04:00,073 --> 00:04:03,076
If you look out the window,
that's when you can see
the World Trade Center.
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00:04:03,143 --> 00:04:05,813
I was sitting on
the subway reading,
as I always do.
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00:04:05,879 --> 00:04:09,249
Train made
the left-hand turn,
the wheels screeched,
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00:04:09,317 --> 00:04:12,152
everybody in the car jumped up
and started to gasp.
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00:04:12,219 --> 00:04:14,187
(GASPING)
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00:04:14,254 --> 00:04:18,526
And I look up,
and there's the building
with smoke pouring out of it.
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00:04:20,528 --> 00:04:23,130
I didn't know if that
was my son's building,
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00:04:23,196 --> 00:04:28,035
because Tower One
and Tower Two were
in perfect symmetry.
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00:04:28,101 --> 00:04:31,138
And I didn't know
which tower I'm looking at.
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00:04:31,204 --> 00:04:32,940
And I'm just thinking
to myself, you know,
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how did my son
get, get out of there?
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00:04:34,708 --> 00:04:36,844
Well, I don't know how,
but he got out of there.
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00:04:36,910 --> 00:04:38,512
There's no two ways
about that.
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00:04:38,579 --> 00:04:42,616
He can't be in there,
'cause anybody who's
in there is gonna die.
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00:04:52,192 --> 00:04:54,795
JOHNSON: Blowback.
It's a CIA term.
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00:04:54,862 --> 00:04:56,964
Blowback does not mean simply
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the unintended consequences
of foreign operations.
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00:04:59,800 --> 00:05:02,903
It means
the unintended consequences
of foreign operations
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00:05:02,970 --> 00:05:06,073
that were
deliberately kept secret
from the American public,
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00:05:06,139 --> 00:05:08,476
so that when
the retaliation comes
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00:05:08,542 --> 00:05:11,111
the American public
is not able to
put it in context,
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00:05:11,178 --> 00:05:13,881
to put cause
and effect together.
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00:05:13,947 --> 00:05:16,684
That they come up
with questions like,
"Why do they hate us?"
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00:05:16,750 --> 00:05:19,620
MAN 1: The forces of evil
declared war
on the American...
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00:05:19,687 --> 00:05:22,523
Not since Pearl Harbor
has there been so
much national rage.
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MAN 2: Freedom and
democracy are under attack.
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00:05:24,358 --> 00:05:25,659
MAN 3: Why do they hate us?
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00:05:25,726 --> 00:05:27,628
That's the question
everybody's asking.
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00:05:27,695 --> 00:05:30,364
JOHNSON: Our government
did not want
the forensic question asked,
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00:05:30,431 --> 00:05:31,865
"What were their motives?"
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00:05:31,932 --> 00:05:35,803
And instead, chose to say
they were just evildoers.
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00:05:35,869 --> 00:05:37,471
And the towers keep falling.
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Every five minutes,
there go the tower again.
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00:05:40,708 --> 00:05:42,910
I got on the phone.
I called NBC.
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00:05:42,976 --> 00:05:44,845
"I'm listening
to your newscast.
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00:05:44,912 --> 00:05:46,914
"How many times
are you gonna show
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"those goddamn towers
coming down?
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00:05:50,283 --> 00:05:52,653
"Don't you have
any respect for the people
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"who have family
and friends in those towers?
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00:05:55,188 --> 00:05:57,458
"Do we have to keep
watching them fall down?
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00:05:57,525 --> 00:06:02,029
"I watched them fall
down 50 times already.
When are you gonna stop?
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00:06:02,095 --> 00:06:04,164
"Please stop.
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00:06:04,231 --> 00:06:06,434
"You're ripping
my heart out."
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00:06:06,500 --> 00:06:08,969
MAN: ...to win a war
against people
that hate freedom.
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00:06:09,036 --> 00:06:11,439
SEKZER: God gave me two
of the greatest sons
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that any parent
could ever ask for.
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Why he took one back,
I'll never know.
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00:06:17,745 --> 00:06:19,212
(PEOPLE CLAPPING)
I can hear you.
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The rest of
the world hears you.
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And the people...
And the people
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who knocked
these buildings down
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will hear all of us soon.
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(PEOPLE CHEERING)
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ALL: U.S.A.! U.S.A.!
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Somebody had to pay
for this.
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Somebody had to pay
for 9/11.
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00:06:39,132 --> 00:06:41,869
I... I want enemy dead.
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I want to see
their bodies stacked up
for what they did,
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for taking my son.
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00:07:04,024 --> 00:07:06,994
*(PEOPLE SINGING)
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00:07:07,060 --> 00:07:11,832
There was a moment when
the entire world
was behind us.
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There was a million people
demonstrating in
the streets of Tehran
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in favor of the United States.
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We had the world behind us.
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(GUN FIRING)
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CIRINCIONE:
Now kids are dying.
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00:07:35,589 --> 00:07:38,225
Billions are being spent
every month.
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00:07:40,260 --> 00:07:43,130
Animosity against
the United States
is stronger now
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00:07:43,196 --> 00:07:45,633
than it ever has been
in history.
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00:07:47,200 --> 00:07:48,769
What happened here?
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00:07:48,836 --> 00:07:52,305
Is it just the, the experience
of September 11th?
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00:07:52,372 --> 00:07:55,643
Or is there
something else going on here?
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00:07:55,709 --> 00:07:58,612
When something
like this happens,
you gotta take stock of this.
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00:07:58,679 --> 00:08:01,348
You gotta understand
what went wrong here.
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00:08:14,094 --> 00:08:17,898
We live here in
the United States of amnesia.
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00:08:17,965 --> 00:08:20,333
No one remembers anything
before Monday morning.
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00:08:20,400 --> 00:08:23,003
Everything is a blank.
We have no history.
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00:08:23,070 --> 00:08:25,405
MAN: Guatemala, 1954.
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00:08:25,472 --> 00:08:27,875
The United States
intervened unilaterally
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00:08:27,941 --> 00:08:29,777
to protect
its vital interests.
137
00:08:29,843 --> 00:08:32,045
Lebanon, 1958.
138
00:08:32,112 --> 00:08:34,514
The United States feels
its policy of containment
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00:08:34,582 --> 00:08:36,249
in the Middle East
is threatened,
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00:08:36,316 --> 00:08:39,086
responds openly
and unilaterally.
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00:08:39,152 --> 00:08:43,290
The United States
intervened in Laos,
the Congo, Brazil.
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00:08:43,356 --> 00:08:44,892
There are so many theories
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00:08:44,958 --> 00:08:48,295
about what happened in Iraq
and why we really went in.
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00:08:48,361 --> 00:08:50,297
But when
you look at the history
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00:08:50,363 --> 00:08:52,499
of the United States,
almost every president,
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00:08:52,566 --> 00:08:55,035
there is
something we don't like
somewhere in the world
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00:08:55,102 --> 00:08:57,705
and we've gotta
dispense military force.
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00:08:57,771 --> 00:09:00,173
MAN: Ronald Reagan
invaded Grenada in 1983.
149
00:09:00,240 --> 00:09:03,476
Last night, I ordered U.S.
military forces to Panama.
150
00:09:03,543 --> 00:09:06,113
LEWIS: This is not
about one president
or one party.
151
00:09:06,179 --> 00:09:09,116
We fight as a nation
because we perceive
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00:09:09,182 --> 00:09:11,218
it is in our interest
to fight.
153
00:09:11,284 --> 00:09:13,954
And we then mention
words like "freedom"
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00:09:14,021 --> 00:09:16,123
and--and nice common
values that...
155
00:09:16,189 --> 00:09:17,658
Who can be against freedom?
156
00:09:17,725 --> 00:09:21,094
When, in fact, much more has
been going on privately.
157
00:09:22,630 --> 00:09:25,465
Just completed
a meeting with
our National Security Team,
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00:09:25,532 --> 00:09:29,369
and we've received
the latest, um,
intelligence updates.
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00:09:31,171 --> 00:09:33,406
The deliberate
and deadly attacks
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00:09:33,473 --> 00:09:36,877
which were
carried out yesterday
against our country
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00:09:36,944 --> 00:09:39,446
were more than
acts of terror.
162
00:09:39,512 --> 00:09:42,115
They were acts of war.
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00:09:42,182 --> 00:09:46,654
JOHNSON: September 11th, 2001,
provided a group of people
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00:09:46,720 --> 00:09:50,290
deeply committed
to the expansion of
the American empire
165
00:09:50,357 --> 00:09:52,626
the opportunity
to implement plans
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00:09:52,693 --> 00:09:55,562
that they had been laying
since 1992.
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00:09:55,629 --> 00:09:58,065
At that time,
a young Paul Wolfowitz
168
00:09:58,131 --> 00:10:01,234
was working in
a subordinate position
under Dick Cheney,
169
00:10:01,301 --> 00:10:03,737
who was then
Secretary of Defense
in the Pentagon.
170
00:10:03,804 --> 00:10:07,374
With the collapse of
the Soviet Union in 1991,
171
00:10:07,440 --> 00:10:12,512
Cheney orders
Wolfowitz to write a plan,
to write a grand strategy.
172
00:10:12,579 --> 00:10:14,247
That it was now our destiny.
173
00:10:14,314 --> 00:10:15,983
That without
the Soviet Union,
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00:10:16,049 --> 00:10:17,885
there is no one
who can possibly
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00:10:17,951 --> 00:10:20,087
approach us in military terms.
176
00:10:20,153 --> 00:10:22,189
It says that's the way
it ought to be,
177
00:10:22,255 --> 00:10:26,326
and our policy must be
to maintain and expand that.
178
00:10:26,393 --> 00:10:28,595
That we are the new Rome.
179
00:10:29,362 --> 00:10:31,231
That's their strategy.
180
00:10:31,298 --> 00:10:34,001
On 9/11,
they began to implement it.
181
00:10:34,067 --> 00:10:36,636
It's not just simply
a matter of capturing people
182
00:10:36,704 --> 00:10:38,238
and holding them accountable,
183
00:10:38,305 --> 00:10:41,942
but removing the sanctuaries,
removing the support systems,
184
00:10:42,009 --> 00:10:44,111
ending states
who sponsor terror...
185
00:10:44,177 --> 00:10:47,815
The people who came
in with the President,
or many of them, anyway,
186
00:10:47,881 --> 00:10:51,685
were certainly
prepared to shift direction,
187
00:10:51,752 --> 00:10:54,421
and in,
in a r-radical direction.
188
00:10:54,487 --> 00:10:56,123
I think it's fair
to say radical.
189
00:10:56,189 --> 00:10:57,891
When September 11th happened,
190
00:10:57,958 --> 00:10:59,927
the President
and his top advisors
191
00:10:59,993 --> 00:11:02,295
said to themselves,
correctly I think,
192
00:11:02,362 --> 00:11:04,832
"We need to rethink
American foreign policy."
193
00:11:04,898 --> 00:11:06,466
And I think that would
have happened
194
00:11:06,533 --> 00:11:08,068
even without
a September 11th,
195
00:11:08,135 --> 00:11:10,170
but September 11th
was really the event
196
00:11:10,237 --> 00:11:12,239
that changed
American foreign policy.
197
00:11:12,305 --> 00:11:15,342
KWIATKOWSKI: Well, I was in
the Pentagon when we got hit.
198
00:11:15,408 --> 00:11:18,078
You know, I...
Yes, it did change.
199
00:11:18,145 --> 00:11:21,681
It was a very, um,
dramatic and terrible thing,
200
00:11:21,749 --> 00:11:23,784
and it does change
your perspective,
201
00:11:23,851 --> 00:11:27,320
but the war in Iraq
had nothing to do with
the war on terrorism.
202
00:11:27,387 --> 00:11:30,623
That was a huge leap,
a manufactured leap,
203
00:11:30,690 --> 00:11:33,994
in order to implement
a very calculated
204
00:11:34,061 --> 00:11:36,329
and pre-developed
foreign policy.
205
00:11:36,396 --> 00:11:40,033
We must take
the battle to the enemy,
disrupt his plans,
206
00:11:40,100 --> 00:11:43,971
and confront the worst threats
before they emerge.
207
00:11:44,037 --> 00:11:46,774
The Bush Doctrine is
208
00:11:46,840 --> 00:11:51,812
that, uh, preemptive strikes
or preemptive conflicts,
209
00:11:51,879 --> 00:11:54,714
which were never
contemplated in the past,
210
00:11:54,782 --> 00:11:58,185
now have to be contemplated
under certain scenarios.
211
00:11:58,251 --> 00:12:01,454
If you saw a missile
about to be launched
212
00:12:01,521 --> 00:12:04,424
and you could kick it over
before it could be launched,
213
00:12:04,491 --> 00:12:06,493
you'd do it, of course.
214
00:12:06,559 --> 00:12:09,462
If you saw someone
about to shoot at you
215
00:12:09,529 --> 00:12:12,099
and you thought you
could shoot first,
216
00:12:12,165 --> 00:12:14,134
you'd do it.
It's common sense.
217
00:12:14,201 --> 00:12:16,469
I don't know anybody
who doesn't agree with that.
218
00:12:16,536 --> 00:12:18,972
So what's the big fuss
about preemption?
219
00:12:30,617 --> 00:12:33,086
March 19th is a night
I will never forget.
220
00:12:34,822 --> 00:12:37,991
March 19th is one
for the history books.
221
00:12:38,058 --> 00:12:40,493
It's one for my
personal history books.
222
00:12:46,733 --> 00:12:48,501
TOOMEY: When we first got
the phone call,
223
00:12:48,568 --> 00:12:50,703
all we were told was
we have a high
priority mission.
224
00:12:50,770 --> 00:12:53,240
A high value target
was what it was
released to us, was...
225
00:12:53,306 --> 00:12:55,809
Yeah, it was gonna...
It was a leadership target.
226
00:12:55,876 --> 00:12:58,378
The F-117's
an extraordinary machine,
227
00:12:58,445 --> 00:13:00,380
and it is only
ordered forward
228
00:13:00,447 --> 00:13:03,183
uh, on the order
of the President
or the Secretary of Defense.
229
00:13:03,250 --> 00:13:04,751
The first night
of the conflict,
230
00:13:04,818 --> 00:13:07,087
the 117 pilots
were fully trained.
231
00:13:07,154 --> 00:13:09,522
All they had to
do was be briefed,
have the weapons put on.
232
00:13:09,589 --> 00:13:11,558
HOEHN: The whole mission
up to this point
233
00:13:11,624 --> 00:13:13,760
was kept at
the top secret levels.
234
00:13:13,827 --> 00:13:16,964
I think they
really didn't expect
both of us to come back,
235
00:13:17,030 --> 00:13:19,466
which is why
they sent two jets.
236
00:13:19,532 --> 00:13:21,034
TOOMEY: It's now 3:30.
237
00:13:21,101 --> 00:13:24,104
We have to hit
the target at 5:30
or all bets are off.
238
00:13:24,171 --> 00:13:26,739
The President of
the United States
saw a target of opportunity,
239
00:13:26,806 --> 00:13:29,676
and they wanted to
take advantage of it
and they did.
240
00:13:29,742 --> 00:13:32,579
MAN: It's, uh,
quite chilly and cold.
I'm looking southward,
241
00:13:32,645 --> 00:13:35,715
expecting any attacks to
come in from the south.
242
00:13:35,782 --> 00:13:40,053
The choice and the timing
is entirely now in
the hands of the allies.
243
00:13:46,793 --> 00:13:50,163
JOHNSON: The Bush Doctrine
is certainly not
something unprecedented,
244
00:13:50,230 --> 00:13:52,165
unknown in American life.
245
00:13:52,232 --> 00:13:54,201
The statement that we
are going to dominate
246
00:13:54,267 --> 00:13:56,203
the world
through military power,
247
00:13:56,269 --> 00:13:59,873
that we reserve to ourselves
the right of preemptive war,
248
00:13:59,940 --> 00:14:01,841
it is an extreme statement
249
00:14:01,909 --> 00:14:05,245
of what has been there
in the works for a long time.
250
00:14:06,246 --> 00:14:07,948
(GUNS FIRING)
251
00:14:09,249 --> 00:14:11,551
World War II is,
without question,
252
00:14:11,618 --> 00:14:14,654
the formation of
the American military empire.
253
00:14:18,325 --> 00:14:21,028
MAN:
General Dwight D. Eisenhower,
supreme commander in chief,
254
00:14:21,094 --> 00:14:22,695
Allied Expeditionary Force.
255
00:14:22,762 --> 00:14:26,833
I have complete confidence
that the soldiers, sailors,
256
00:14:26,900 --> 00:14:30,070
and airmen of
the United Nations
will demonstrate
257
00:14:30,137 --> 00:14:34,307
that an aroused democracy
is the most
formidable fighting machine
258
00:14:34,374 --> 00:14:36,643
that can be devised.
259
00:14:36,709 --> 00:14:39,446
CIRINCIONE:
Eisenhower was there
and saw it happening.
260
00:14:39,512 --> 00:14:44,384
He had seen the buildup of
the American military
to fight World War II.
261
00:14:44,451 --> 00:14:48,221
In this war, more than
any other in history,
262
00:14:48,288 --> 00:14:51,358
we are on the side of decency
263
00:14:51,424 --> 00:14:54,694
and democracy and liberty.
264
00:14:54,761 --> 00:14:58,798
SUSAN EISENHOWER: He believed
very deeply in the necessity
for World War II
265
00:14:58,865 --> 00:15:03,536
and felt that Nazism
was a terrible tyranny.
266
00:15:03,603 --> 00:15:05,939
And he brought
this conviction
267
00:15:06,006 --> 00:15:09,109
and drive to
defeating Nazi Germany.
268
00:15:09,176 --> 00:15:11,078
MAN: People waited
for this moment,
269
00:15:11,144 --> 00:15:13,981
the culminating victory,
the end of the war.
270
00:15:14,047 --> 00:15:15,682
VIDAL: We were
on top of the world.
271
00:15:15,748 --> 00:15:18,918
We were the only un-wrecked
major power on Earth.
272
00:15:21,221 --> 00:15:23,823
Europe was bleeding to death.
273
00:15:23,890 --> 00:15:26,126
Japan was gone.
274
00:15:26,193 --> 00:15:29,429
Those paper cities
had all been burned up.
275
00:15:30,763 --> 00:15:32,599
So what are we doing?
276
00:15:35,568 --> 00:15:39,806
MAN: At 2:45 in the morning,
August 6th, 1945,
277
00:15:39,872 --> 00:15:41,908
Colonel Tibbets
takes the Enola Gay...
278
00:15:41,975 --> 00:15:44,177
It is an atomic bomb.
279
00:15:44,244 --> 00:15:47,714
It is a harnessing of
the basic power
of the universe.
280
00:15:55,155 --> 00:15:57,924
JOHNSON: The United States
bombed the Japanese city
of Hiroshima
281
00:15:57,991 --> 00:16:00,060
on August 6th, 1945.
282
00:16:00,127 --> 00:16:03,596
And three days later,
they detonated
another atomic bomb
283
00:16:03,663 --> 00:16:05,898
on the city of Nagasaki.
284
00:16:05,965 --> 00:16:09,502
PRESIDENT TRUMAN: What has
been done is
the greatest achievement
285
00:16:09,569 --> 00:16:12,239
of organized science
in history.
286
00:16:13,573 --> 00:16:15,442
VIDAL: I can remember
in the Pacific
287
00:16:15,508 --> 00:16:18,411
when the word spread that
the bombs had been dropped.
288
00:16:18,478 --> 00:16:21,214
99.9% of us were delighted,
289
00:16:21,281 --> 00:16:23,050
because we'd
been convinced that
290
00:16:23,116 --> 00:16:25,452
if Japan was not hit
by nuclear weapons,
291
00:16:25,518 --> 00:16:27,787
one million of us
would be killed.
292
00:16:27,854 --> 00:16:30,223
Drop those bombs and
they will surrender.
293
00:16:30,290 --> 00:16:33,093
Well, they were trying to
surrender all that summer,
294
00:16:33,160 --> 00:16:36,263
but Truman wouldn't listen,
because Truman
wanted to drop the bombs.
295
00:16:36,329 --> 00:16:37,530
MAN: Why?
296
00:16:37,597 --> 00:16:40,733
To show off.
To frighten Stalin.
297
00:16:40,800 --> 00:16:43,403
To change the balance of power
in the world.
298
00:16:43,470 --> 00:16:45,805
To declare war on Communism.
299
00:16:45,872 --> 00:16:49,042
Perhaps we were starting
a preemptive world war.
300
00:16:49,109 --> 00:16:51,311
Eisenhower hated
the dropping of them
301
00:16:51,378 --> 00:16:53,646
and thought it
should not have been done.
302
00:16:53,713 --> 00:16:56,516
JOHN EISENHOWER:
We just thought war was
terrible enough as it was.
303
00:16:56,583 --> 00:16:59,452
I cannot, uh, trace
304
00:17:00,553 --> 00:17:04,757
evolution in
my dad's thinking.
305
00:17:04,824 --> 00:17:07,960
He was complex.
He was a five-star general,
306
00:17:08,027 --> 00:17:10,930
but he was never
a military fanatic, never.
307
00:17:10,997 --> 00:17:15,602
One night in July of '45,
that day,
308
00:17:15,668 --> 00:17:18,305
the Secretary of War
had told my father
309
00:17:18,371 --> 00:17:21,708
about the development of
the atomic weapon,
atomic bomb.
310
00:17:21,774 --> 00:17:23,410
We were sitting
up in his bedroom,
311
00:17:23,476 --> 00:17:26,113
and he said that
his own first impression,
312
00:17:26,179 --> 00:17:31,818
his own emotion,
had been to, uh, to be
feeling down low.
313
00:17:31,884 --> 00:17:34,654
We... He wished
we hadn't invented it.
314
00:17:34,721 --> 00:17:37,624
MAN: In the background
was the growing conflict
between two great powers
315
00:17:37,690 --> 00:17:39,559
to shape the post-war world.
316
00:17:39,626 --> 00:17:41,361
Already an iron curtain
had dropped
317
00:17:41,428 --> 00:17:44,030
around Poland,
Hungary, Yugoslavia.
318
00:17:44,097 --> 00:17:48,301
VIDAL: You see,
we had to fight Communism
wherever it was in the world.
319
00:17:48,368 --> 00:17:50,270
So a decision was made
320
00:17:50,337 --> 00:17:54,307
that the United States
remain militarized,
permanently.
321
00:17:54,374 --> 00:17:56,509
MAN: We lack the weapons
to defend ourselves.
322
00:17:56,576 --> 00:17:58,411
"Build, prepare," is the cry.
323
00:17:58,478 --> 00:18:00,280
Quickly, the government
springs into action
324
00:18:00,347 --> 00:18:02,749
and initiates a gigantic
rearmament program,
325
00:18:02,815 --> 00:18:08,087
a program
designed to make America
the arsenal of democracy.
326
00:18:08,155 --> 00:18:09,689
VIDAL: From that moment on,
327
00:18:09,756 --> 00:18:13,860
the American empire was in
every corner of the Earth.
328
00:18:13,926 --> 00:18:16,496
MAN: In Burma and Iceland...
329
00:18:16,563 --> 00:18:18,698
VIDAL: We were going to
maintain dominance,
330
00:18:18,765 --> 00:18:22,869
not just of Europe
and not just of Japan,
but of the entire globe.
331
00:18:24,637 --> 00:18:28,441
* Oh, gee, I wish
332
00:18:28,508 --> 00:18:32,645
* That I could be
with you tonight *
333
00:18:32,712 --> 00:18:37,550
* Gee, I wish, oh
334
00:18:37,617 --> 00:18:40,687
* And gee, I know
335
00:18:40,753 --> 00:18:45,592
* That everything
would be all right *
336
00:18:45,658 --> 00:18:48,461
* Be all right
337
00:18:49,996 --> 00:18:54,301
* The crickets are singing
a love song *
338
00:18:54,367 --> 00:18:56,336
WOMAN:
What are we fighting for?
339
00:18:56,403 --> 00:18:58,137
Fighting for
continued freedom.
340
00:18:58,205 --> 00:19:02,008
T-t-that's the only way
we're gonna have it,
I think.
341
00:19:02,074 --> 00:19:03,510
Why do we fight?
342
00:19:03,576 --> 00:19:05,345
I think that the...
343
00:19:05,412 --> 00:19:07,280
I honestly don't
have an answer for you.
344
00:19:07,347 --> 00:19:08,848
It's just...
345
00:19:08,915 --> 00:19:10,517
It's the people
who start the war
346
00:19:10,583 --> 00:19:12,118
who know what
they're fighting about.
347
00:19:12,185 --> 00:19:15,054
I think we fight for ideals
and what we believe in, so...
348
00:19:15,121 --> 00:19:17,890
I hope that's what it is.
349
00:19:17,957 --> 00:19:19,592
(PEOPLE CLAPPING)
350
00:19:19,659 --> 00:19:23,563
Today,
we don't have a broad-based
351
00:19:23,630 --> 00:19:28,468
American, uh, feeling about
why we're fighting in Iraq.
352
00:19:28,535 --> 00:19:30,470
People's confidence
in the United States
353
00:19:30,537 --> 00:19:32,104
is not what it was
50 years ago.
354
00:19:32,171 --> 00:19:34,374
It's not what it was
during World War II.
355
00:19:34,441 --> 00:19:37,310
MAN: Yesterday,
U.S.A., precious celluloids,
356
00:19:37,377 --> 00:19:41,080
such as the Why We Fight
orientation films,
familiarizing our soldiers...
357
00:19:41,147 --> 00:19:42,782
KWIATKOWSKI:
You know, it's interesting.
358
00:19:42,849 --> 00:19:44,684
Why We Fight was
actually the title
359
00:19:44,751 --> 00:19:46,886
of a series of
World War II films
360
00:19:46,953 --> 00:19:49,356
that were done by one
of the great directors.
361
00:19:49,422 --> 00:19:53,092
MAN: Master of the art of
motion picture entertainment,
Frank Capra.
362
00:19:53,159 --> 00:19:56,929
KWIATKOWSKI:
The Frank Capra films, even
back then, were propaganda
363
00:19:56,996 --> 00:19:59,031
to kind of build up
a war fever.
364
00:19:59,098 --> 00:20:02,402
MAN: Americans fighting.
365
00:20:02,469 --> 00:20:05,305
KWIATKOWSKI: But given
that it was during
a global world war,
366
00:20:05,372 --> 00:20:08,608
there were a lot of reasons
that Americans embrace.
367
00:20:08,675 --> 00:20:10,577
MAN: We're fighting
for liberty,
368
00:20:10,643 --> 00:20:14,681
the most expensive
luxury known to man.
369
00:20:14,747 --> 00:20:18,585
KWIATKOWSKI: Today,
if you went downtown
to my local town,
370
00:20:18,651 --> 00:20:20,520
and you asked five people
371
00:20:20,587 --> 00:20:23,556
why we're fighting in Iraq,
you'd get five
different answers.
372
00:20:23,623 --> 00:20:25,958
Why do we fight?
I'm not quite sure,
373
00:20:26,025 --> 00:20:29,396
but I think it's, uh,
for power and control,
for greed.
374
00:20:29,462 --> 00:20:32,432
I'm not sure, uh,
if we're fighting
for the oil or not.
375
00:20:32,499 --> 00:20:34,133
We could be. We could not be.
376
00:20:34,200 --> 00:20:36,235
The government has
more knowledge than I know.
377
00:20:36,303 --> 00:20:39,205
I think everybody
has a different idea
why we're there,
378
00:20:39,272 --> 00:20:41,341
and a lot of people think
we shouldn't be.
379
00:20:41,408 --> 00:20:44,977
What we're seeing is
a disconnection of
our American foreign policy
380
00:20:45,044 --> 00:20:48,448
from the citizen,
from the average
American citizen.
381
00:20:48,515 --> 00:20:50,750
WOMAN: Why do we fight?
382
00:20:50,817 --> 00:20:54,621
Oh, I wish we didn't.
I wish we didn't.
383
00:20:54,687 --> 00:20:56,989
Sometimes you have to, though.
384
00:21:00,560 --> 00:21:02,094
(PEOPLE EXCLAIMING)
385
00:21:26,753 --> 00:21:29,255
This is one of my
favorite pictures
of all time,
386
00:21:29,322 --> 00:21:31,458
smiling with his two teeth.
387
00:21:33,159 --> 00:21:35,294
Me and Jason.
388
00:21:35,362 --> 00:21:37,630
What can I do for
my son's memory?
389
00:21:37,697 --> 00:21:39,265
I'm not a millionaire.
390
00:21:39,332 --> 00:21:42,234
I can't build
schools and libraries.
391
00:21:43,703 --> 00:21:46,639
I'm just a regular cop
living on a pension.
392
00:21:48,475 --> 00:21:52,111
I want to be able
to do something
393
00:21:52,178 --> 00:21:57,083
so that hopefully one day
I can go over
to my son's grave
394
00:22:05,592 --> 00:22:08,895
and... I can go
over to my son's grave
395
00:22:10,430 --> 00:22:14,266
and tell him that I've done
something in his memory
396
00:22:15,868 --> 00:22:19,572
that hopefully will be a step
397
00:22:19,639 --> 00:22:22,375
in preventing
another attack like that.
398
00:22:32,419 --> 00:22:37,023
The bomb is designed
to, uh, be delivered
inside a target, so...
399
00:22:37,089 --> 00:22:39,926
My expertise is in
explosive technology,
400
00:22:39,992 --> 00:22:45,532
um, and so are a lot
of my colleagues
here at Indian Head.
401
00:22:45,598 --> 00:22:47,400
ANH DUONG:
When the Pentagon called,
402
00:22:47,467 --> 00:22:49,569
my position then
was the head of
403
00:22:49,636 --> 00:22:52,739
what we call the payload team.
404
00:22:52,805 --> 00:22:56,876
A bomb...
It's--It's the nomenclature
for--for "bomb."
405
00:22:56,943 --> 00:23:00,279
I find it sometimes amusing
when people ask me,
406
00:23:00,346 --> 00:23:02,449
"What do you work in?"
407
00:23:02,515 --> 00:23:06,419
And I would say, "Explosives."
And they would...
408
00:23:06,486 --> 00:23:10,022
But our mission was
to quickly weaponize
409
00:23:10,089 --> 00:23:12,925
what was called a Penetrator.
410
00:23:12,992 --> 00:23:14,961
It basically was a big bomb
411
00:23:15,027 --> 00:23:17,997
engineered to
enhance its blast effect
412
00:23:18,064 --> 00:23:22,168
inside confined structures
such as tunnels,
caves, etcetera.
413
00:23:24,437 --> 00:23:25,772
MAN: We're going to
attack somebody.
414
00:23:25,838 --> 00:23:27,039
We're gonna bomb some place.
415
00:23:27,106 --> 00:23:28,741
There's no question
about that.
416
00:23:28,808 --> 00:23:31,844
The question is,
where are we
gonna do it and why?
417
00:23:31,911 --> 00:23:35,247
Do you think that
after an adversary
gets nuclear weapons
418
00:23:35,314 --> 00:23:39,251
is a better time to
engage that adversary
than now without?
419
00:23:39,318 --> 00:23:41,521
PRESIDENT BUSH JR.:
Iraq continues to
flaunt its hostility
420
00:23:41,588 --> 00:23:43,790
toward America
and to support terror.
421
00:23:43,856 --> 00:23:49,261
This is a regime that
has something to hide
from the civilized world.
422
00:23:49,328 --> 00:23:53,466
The invasion of Iraq
in 2003 is,
423
00:23:53,533 --> 00:23:55,367
to a very
considerable extent,
424
00:23:55,434 --> 00:23:58,237
about repositioning
the United States
425
00:23:58,304 --> 00:24:01,474
as the country
that must be obeyed.
426
00:24:01,541 --> 00:24:04,611
DYER: It's an easy way to
send a signal to the planet
427
00:24:04,677 --> 00:24:06,178
that the United States
is in charge,
428
00:24:06,245 --> 00:24:07,747
and it's going to do
what it wants.
429
00:24:07,814 --> 00:24:12,284
And anybody who
defies the United States
will be punished.
430
00:24:12,351 --> 00:24:15,888
TREADWAY: The decision
to attack Iraqi leadership
at the opening salvo,
431
00:24:15,955 --> 00:24:18,691
it was a bold move,
it was a new
way of making war,
432
00:24:18,758 --> 00:24:22,061
and technology was able to
provide our leadership
that opportunity.
433
00:24:22,128 --> 00:24:23,896
HOEHN: Uh, we had received
this new weapon
434
00:24:23,963 --> 00:24:25,898
called the Enhanced
Guided Bomb Unit-27.
435
00:24:25,965 --> 00:24:28,768
And it was like
the new candy at
the candy store.
436
00:24:28,835 --> 00:24:31,137
We needed something
that was gonna
give us the capability
437
00:24:31,203 --> 00:24:32,772
to strike through the weather
438
00:24:32,839 --> 00:24:35,274
and not worry about having
to bring the bombs home.
439
00:24:35,341 --> 00:24:38,645
MAN: The whole of the city is
still lit very brightly,
440
00:24:38,711 --> 00:24:40,880
but nobody is moving
on the streets whatsoever.
441
00:24:40,947 --> 00:24:44,316
It's like everybody here
is holding their breath.
442
00:24:44,383 --> 00:24:46,318
We really didn't know
who was there
443
00:24:46,385 --> 00:24:49,689
and who was
gonna take the, uh, the blow
of what we were about to do.
444
00:24:49,756 --> 00:24:51,591
Both Colonel Treadway
and I probably
445
00:24:51,658 --> 00:24:53,893
had our suspicions
about who it was.
446
00:24:53,960 --> 00:24:57,196
We had gotten
some indications
that it may be the sons.
447
00:24:57,263 --> 00:24:58,865
It may be Saddam himself.
448
00:24:58,931 --> 00:25:02,201
Assassination.
People sometimes think
with precision weapons
449
00:25:02,268 --> 00:25:05,805
that maybe you can
now assassinate people
from very high altitudes.
450
00:25:05,872 --> 00:25:07,106
I mean, golly.
451
00:25:07,173 --> 00:25:09,976
First of all,
if it's a fixed target,
like a building,
452
00:25:10,042 --> 00:25:12,612
you have the time
to understand it,
its location.
453
00:25:12,679 --> 00:25:15,381
ROCHE: The next hardest target
is one that moves around,
454
00:25:15,447 --> 00:25:18,250
and the single
hardest target of all
is a human being.
455
00:25:18,317 --> 00:25:22,555
Sometimes before
you can bring about
democratic change,
456
00:25:22,622 --> 00:25:25,658
you have to remove
the obstacle to
democratic change.
457
00:25:25,725 --> 00:25:28,160
You have to remove
Saddam Hussein,
458
00:25:28,227 --> 00:25:31,063
because there's no hope for
democracy with Saddam there.
459
00:25:31,130 --> 00:25:36,202
The point,
in many ways, for these guys
wasn't just to topple Saddam.
460
00:25:36,268 --> 00:25:38,337
It was to
transform the Middle East.
461
00:25:38,404 --> 00:25:40,339
They want to take
the U.S. military
462
00:25:40,406 --> 00:25:42,274
and go in and shore up
American interest
463
00:25:42,341 --> 00:25:45,244
in the key area of the world,
464
00:25:45,311 --> 00:25:47,313
and that's their vision.
465
00:25:47,379 --> 00:25:50,082
They want to spread democracy
around the world
466
00:25:50,149 --> 00:25:52,585
on the point of our bayonets.
467
00:25:52,652 --> 00:25:55,722
(MAN SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
468
00:25:55,788 --> 00:25:59,325
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
469
00:25:59,391 --> 00:26:01,628
(WOMAN CONTINUES SPEAKING)
470
00:26:06,933 --> 00:26:09,769
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
471
00:26:18,310 --> 00:26:20,112
(MAN SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
472
00:26:31,357 --> 00:26:33,926
I think most Americans don't
want to police the world,
473
00:26:33,993 --> 00:26:35,862
but I think
most Americans understand
474
00:26:35,928 --> 00:26:40,066
that if we don't at least
help police the world,
then no one's going to.
475
00:26:40,132 --> 00:26:42,869
Where the debate
and controversy begins
476
00:26:42,935 --> 00:26:45,838
is how far does
the United States go?
477
00:26:45,905 --> 00:26:50,009
And when does it go
from a force for good
to a force of imperialism?
478
00:26:50,076 --> 00:26:53,813
KRISTOL: People complain a lot
about American arrogance
and American power,
479
00:26:53,880 --> 00:26:55,614
but the great threat
for the future
480
00:26:55,682 --> 00:26:58,184
is not American power
and American strength.
481
00:26:58,250 --> 00:27:00,820
It would be American weakness
and American withdrawal.
482
00:27:00,887 --> 00:27:02,722
DYER: They do believe that
this is not only for
483
00:27:02,789 --> 00:27:04,590
the long-term benefit
of the United States,
484
00:27:04,657 --> 00:27:07,326
but it's for
the long-term benefit
of everybody else as well.
485
00:27:07,393 --> 00:27:09,128
We'll bring them
American values,
486
00:27:09,195 --> 00:27:10,830
prosperity, peace,
all the rest of it.
487
00:27:10,897 --> 00:27:13,733
But the way we're gonna do
that is to take over,
488
00:27:13,800 --> 00:27:16,969
even more than we did at
the height of the Cold War.
489
00:27:20,006 --> 00:27:22,574
MAN: Three, two, one. Fire!
490
00:27:22,641 --> 00:27:24,443
T-zero.
491
00:27:26,913 --> 00:27:28,614
DYER: After
the second world war,
492
00:27:28,681 --> 00:27:32,651
the United States literally
divided the world
up into commands,
493
00:27:32,719 --> 00:27:35,254
and some American officer
was responsible
494
00:27:35,321 --> 00:27:37,489
for every region
of the world.
495
00:27:39,058 --> 00:27:41,060
There was this domino theory
that if any
496
00:27:41,127 --> 00:27:43,595
of these places
fall to Communism,
497
00:27:43,662 --> 00:27:45,197
then the next place
and the next place
498
00:27:45,264 --> 00:27:46,766
and the next place
will fall as well.
499
00:27:46,833 --> 00:27:49,335
And the next thing you know,
they're in Missouri.
500
00:27:49,401 --> 00:27:54,073
MAN: Once upon a time,
your hometown was safe,
but not now.
501
00:27:54,140 --> 00:27:57,376
It is possible for a rocket
to strike your home
502
00:27:57,443 --> 00:27:59,445
right now, today.
503
00:28:00,212 --> 00:28:01,580
Right now.
504
00:28:04,650 --> 00:28:06,953
And what defense remains?
505
00:28:07,019 --> 00:28:09,055
Strength.
506
00:28:09,121 --> 00:28:11,390
Strength,
ready if we need it.
507
00:28:21,067 --> 00:28:23,302
JOHN EISENHOWER:
When my dad first
became president,
508
00:28:23,369 --> 00:28:24,703
he came in
509
00:28:24,771 --> 00:28:28,808
at the real beginning
of the third nuclear age.
510
00:28:30,910 --> 00:28:33,746
I think we have to put
the 1950s into perspective.
511
00:28:33,813 --> 00:28:36,448
We look back today
and we think the 1950s
512
00:28:36,515 --> 00:28:40,987
was a period of Elvis Presley
and poodle skirts,
513
00:28:41,053 --> 00:28:44,891
but, in fact, it was a very
dangerous period of time.
514
00:28:44,957 --> 00:28:46,959
Defense budgets
throughout the western world
515
00:28:47,026 --> 00:28:50,196
doubled or tripled in
the four years between
'48 and '52.
516
00:28:50,262 --> 00:28:53,565
MAN: The Soviets
are out-producing
America's aircraft factories.
517
00:28:53,632 --> 00:28:54,901
DYER: There is a threat,
518
00:28:54,967 --> 00:28:57,269
but we can't measure
how much is enough
519
00:28:57,336 --> 00:28:59,772
defense spending to
stop the Soviet Union.
520
00:28:59,839 --> 00:29:01,908
So by the time
Eisenhower is president,
521
00:29:01,974 --> 00:29:06,145
there is a huge,
new flow of cash
522
00:29:06,212 --> 00:29:08,014
into defense industries.
523
00:29:08,080 --> 00:29:09,982
SUSAN EISENHOWER: He was
the first to acknowledge
524
00:29:10,049 --> 00:29:11,884
that a permanent
military establishment
525
00:29:11,951 --> 00:29:14,053
would be required
during this period.
526
00:29:14,120 --> 00:29:16,923
But then,
unless we could find
some kind of breakthrough,
527
00:29:16,989 --> 00:29:20,993
that, in fact,
it would end up
creating a terrible cost.
528
00:29:21,060 --> 00:29:25,264
PRESIDENT EISENHOWER:
The cost of one modern
heavy bomber is this:
529
00:29:25,331 --> 00:29:28,901
a modern brick school
in more than 30 cities.
530
00:29:28,968 --> 00:29:30,870
"It is two
electric power plants,
531
00:29:30,937 --> 00:29:33,639
"each serving a town
of 60,000 population.
532
00:29:33,705 --> 00:29:37,443
"It is two fine,
fully equipped hospitals."
533
00:29:37,509 --> 00:29:39,711
We pay for
a single fighter plane
534
00:29:39,778 --> 00:29:42,114
with a half million
bushels of wheat.
535
00:29:42,181 --> 00:29:44,483
"We pay for a single destroyer
with new homes
536
00:29:44,550 --> 00:29:47,219
"that could have housed
more than 8,000 people."
537
00:29:47,286 --> 00:29:51,790
This is not
a way of life at all,
in any true sense.
538
00:29:51,858 --> 00:29:53,960
Under the cloud
of threatening war,
539
00:29:54,026 --> 00:29:56,863
it is humanity hanging
from a cross of iron.
540
00:29:56,929 --> 00:30:00,833
JOHN EISENHOWER: My father,
as president, he had strong
guiding principles.
541
00:30:00,900 --> 00:30:04,270
He used to say modern weapons
take food from the hungry
542
00:30:04,336 --> 00:30:06,072
and shelter
from the homeless.
543
00:30:06,138 --> 00:30:08,941
And so he was fighting with
the Pentagon all the time
544
00:30:09,008 --> 00:30:11,844
for asking for too much,
and Congress for
giving it to them.
545
00:30:11,911 --> 00:30:13,712
I don't think we
should pay one cent
546
00:30:13,779 --> 00:30:15,447
for defense more
than we have to.
547
00:30:15,514 --> 00:30:17,683
CIRINCIONE: Well,
Eisenhower saw us starting
548
00:30:17,749 --> 00:30:19,886
to build
program after program
549
00:30:19,952 --> 00:30:21,888
that was just out of control.
550
00:30:21,954 --> 00:30:25,524
And his own ability to shape
national security policy
551
00:30:25,591 --> 00:30:28,827
was being hemmed in
by these forces
he couldn't control,
552
00:30:28,895 --> 00:30:30,897
and he was the President.
553
00:30:30,963 --> 00:30:32,464
SUSAN EISENHOWER:
On at least one occasion,
554
00:30:32,531 --> 00:30:34,700
Eisenhower was heard to say
by those in the room,
555
00:30:34,766 --> 00:30:37,937
"God help this country
when somebody
sits at this desk
556
00:30:38,004 --> 00:30:41,040
"who doesn't know as much
about the military as I do."
557
00:30:47,013 --> 00:30:49,048
PRESIDENT EISENHOWER:
My fellow Americans,
558
00:30:49,115 --> 00:30:52,985
this evening, I come to you
with a message of
leave-taking and farewell
559
00:30:53,052 --> 00:30:56,722
and to share a few
final thoughts with you,
my countrymen.
560
00:30:57,924 --> 00:30:59,625
We have been
compelled to create
561
00:30:59,691 --> 00:31:03,229
a permanent armaments industry
of vast proportions.
562
00:31:04,430 --> 00:31:07,233
Three and a half million
men and women
563
00:31:07,299 --> 00:31:10,869
are directly engaged
in the defense establishment.
564
00:31:10,937 --> 00:31:16,308
The total influence,
economic, political,
even spiritual,
565
00:31:16,375 --> 00:31:19,511
is felt in every city,
every state house,
566
00:31:19,578 --> 00:31:21,981
every office of
the federal government.
567
00:31:22,048 --> 00:31:25,684
We recognize
the imperative need
for this development,
568
00:31:25,751 --> 00:31:30,222
yet we must not fail
to comprehend its
grave implications.
569
00:31:33,659 --> 00:31:37,096
In the counsels
of government,
we must guard against
570
00:31:37,163 --> 00:31:41,667
the acquisition of
unwarranted influence,
whether sought or unsought
571
00:31:41,733 --> 00:31:45,204
by the
military-industrial complex.
572
00:31:45,271 --> 00:31:49,741
The potential for
the disastrous rise
of misplaced power exists
573
00:31:49,808 --> 00:31:51,177
and will persist.
574
00:31:51,243 --> 00:31:53,312
CIRINCIONE: You have to
realize this is one of
575
00:31:53,379 --> 00:31:55,514
the great presidents,
great military leaders,
576
00:31:55,581 --> 00:31:58,650
on his way out the door
at the end of
his second term.
577
00:31:58,717 --> 00:32:01,220
He says,
"By the way, watch out
578
00:32:01,287 --> 00:32:03,189
"for the
military-industrial complex."
579
00:32:03,255 --> 00:32:04,823
People know that he
invented the phrase
580
00:32:04,890 --> 00:32:06,392
"military-industrial complex."
581
00:32:06,458 --> 00:32:08,527
But very rarely do
you see the whole thing
582
00:32:08,594 --> 00:32:12,231
and realize how utterly
strident his warning was.
583
00:32:12,298 --> 00:32:14,700
I think it's one of the most
profound statements ever made
584
00:32:14,766 --> 00:32:16,368
by an American president.
585
00:32:16,435 --> 00:32:19,972
Just like George Washington
gave his warnings about
foreign entanglements
586
00:32:20,039 --> 00:32:23,275
and things like that,
my dad was giving
his warning against
587
00:32:23,342 --> 00:32:26,712
letting this
military-industrial complex
get out of hand.
588
00:32:26,778 --> 00:32:29,148
We must never let the weight
of this combination
589
00:32:29,215 --> 00:32:32,318
endanger our liberties
or democratic processes.
590
00:32:39,691 --> 00:32:42,228
*(MUSIC PLAYING)
591
00:33:04,250 --> 00:33:08,454
* I want the good life
from now on *
592
00:33:08,520 --> 00:33:10,989
* Come on, baby,
from now on *
593
00:33:11,057 --> 00:33:15,027
* I want the bad days
to be gone *
594
00:33:15,094 --> 00:33:17,596
* Come on, baby,
from now on *
595
00:33:17,663 --> 00:33:19,298
* Tired of working
596
00:33:19,365 --> 00:33:20,766
* He's tired of working
597
00:33:20,832 --> 00:33:21,967
* For my pay
598
00:33:22,034 --> 00:33:24,136
* Tired of working
for his pay *
599
00:33:24,203 --> 00:33:26,738
* I want the good life
600
00:33:29,608 --> 00:33:32,444
* I'm going to change
just you wait and see *
601
00:33:32,511 --> 00:33:35,781
* I'm going to have a lot
of girls chasing after me *
602
00:33:35,847 --> 00:33:39,285
* I'm going to spend every
penny that I ever saved *
603
00:33:39,351 --> 00:33:42,888
* When I move downtown
to my new place *
604
00:33:43,655 --> 00:33:46,525
(ALL EXCLAIMING)
605
00:33:52,798 --> 00:33:56,802
The President has asked
Congress for $401.7 billion
606
00:33:56,868 --> 00:33:59,205
for fiscal year 2005.
607
00:33:59,271 --> 00:34:01,973
BYRD: Our country
spends more on defense
608
00:34:02,040 --> 00:34:07,179
than all of the other
18 members of NATO,
plus China, Russia...
609
00:34:07,246 --> 00:34:10,816
From my standpoint,
I think numbers
almost are distracting.
610
00:34:10,882 --> 00:34:13,652
(HORN BLARING)
611
00:34:13,719 --> 00:34:15,554
*(MUSIC PLAYING)
612
00:34:19,225 --> 00:34:21,827
MAN: This is
a medium machine gun,
7.62 millimeter,
613
00:34:21,893 --> 00:34:24,430
over 450 rounds a minute.
614
00:34:24,496 --> 00:34:27,099
So I'm here to see
the hit-to-kill technology.
615
00:34:27,166 --> 00:34:28,634
I don't know if
you're familiar with it.
616
00:34:28,700 --> 00:34:30,669
But it's--it's
a missile that goes up
617
00:34:30,736 --> 00:34:34,406
and shoots tactical
ballistic missiles
out of the sky.
618
00:34:34,473 --> 00:34:36,308
These are
my two daughters.
619
00:34:36,375 --> 00:34:38,444
McCAIN: President
Eisenhower's concern
620
00:34:38,510 --> 00:34:40,646
about the
military-industrial complex,
621
00:34:40,712 --> 00:34:43,582
his words have,
unfortunately, come true.
622
00:34:43,649 --> 00:34:46,084
He was worried
that priorities are set
623
00:34:46,152 --> 00:34:48,187
by what
benefits corporations,
624
00:34:48,254 --> 00:34:50,422
as opposed to what
benefits the country.
625
00:34:50,489 --> 00:34:54,260
Name any playing card
that will come
into your mind.
626
00:34:54,326 --> 00:34:57,062
One, two, three, name a card.
Perfect.
627
00:34:57,129 --> 00:34:58,530
Now, we've never met before.
628
00:34:58,597 --> 00:35:00,832
No collusion,
which is really odd
629
00:35:00,899 --> 00:35:03,669
because collusion
is our business.
630
00:35:03,735 --> 00:35:06,505
Yes, collusion
with the military.
631
00:35:06,572 --> 00:35:09,375
CIRINCIONE: You know,
people sometimes think
of the defense budget
632
00:35:09,441 --> 00:35:12,211
as you gotta arm the troops,
defend the nation,
633
00:35:12,278 --> 00:35:14,613
but for most people
that are involved in it,
634
00:35:14,680 --> 00:35:16,282
you realize this is business,
635
00:35:16,348 --> 00:35:20,752
competition for contracts
between very
large corporations.
636
00:35:20,819 --> 00:35:23,522
Industry has to have
a bottom line that's black,
637
00:35:23,589 --> 00:35:25,991
otherwise their shareholders
don't like that.
638
00:35:26,057 --> 00:35:29,060
So they have to find ways
to interest the government
639
00:35:29,127 --> 00:35:31,029
in continuing to
buy the product.
640
00:35:31,096 --> 00:35:35,334
TREADWAY: Lockheed Martin
and McDonnell Douglas
and Boeing.
641
00:35:35,401 --> 00:35:37,403
Throughout America
there are factories,
642
00:35:37,469 --> 00:35:40,506
there are corporations,
that are involved
on a daily basis
643
00:35:40,572 --> 00:35:43,375
to produce the weaponry,
the ammunition,
644
00:35:43,442 --> 00:35:45,544
to carry out
the American way of war.
645
00:35:45,611 --> 00:35:47,946
I just want to take
your driver's license.
646
00:35:48,013 --> 00:35:50,382
Hi. Sorry. Cold hands,
cold hands, warm heart.
647
00:35:50,449 --> 00:35:52,951
The overall Raytheon mission,
in general,
648
00:35:53,018 --> 00:35:55,687
is to be the premier
supplier of solutions
649
00:35:55,754 --> 00:35:58,089
and meet all our
customers' needs.
650
00:35:58,156 --> 00:36:01,993
ELLINGTON: Our job is
to provide tactical missiles
for all practical purposes,
651
00:36:02,060 --> 00:36:05,697
Paveway laser-guided bombs,
Tomahawk missiles,
Stinger missiles,
652
00:36:05,764 --> 00:36:08,800
Phalanx, which is
actually a great big gun.
653
00:36:08,867 --> 00:36:11,503
TREADWAY: The American way
of war has been described as
654
00:36:11,570 --> 00:36:15,574
overwhelming firepower
supported by
overwhelming logistics.
655
00:36:15,641 --> 00:36:18,344
For every shooter out there,
every man with a gun,
656
00:36:18,410 --> 00:36:22,481
there are hundreds behind,
supporting,
providing the ammunition,
657
00:36:22,548 --> 00:36:25,417
the boots, the gas
for the tanks, the oil.
658
00:36:27,519 --> 00:36:30,055
I don't guess
I'm real proud of the fact
659
00:36:30,121 --> 00:36:33,091
that I make bombs, you know,
for what they're used for.
660
00:36:33,158 --> 00:36:36,928
WOMAN: I think about,
when I see something
explode over there,
661
00:36:36,995 --> 00:36:41,300
"Did my hands actually help
make that, you know?"
662
00:36:41,367 --> 00:36:44,270
I'd rather really be
helping Santa make toys,
663
00:36:44,336 --> 00:36:46,638
is what I'd really
rather be doing.
664
00:36:46,705 --> 00:36:49,841
ELLINGTON: We try
and connect our people
665
00:36:49,908 --> 00:36:53,712
with the actual guy in
the field, in the plane.
666
00:36:53,779 --> 00:36:56,081
Some of them are
their sons or their daughters.
667
00:36:56,147 --> 00:36:57,683
MAN: Your son is a reservist?
668
00:36:57,749 --> 00:37:01,253
Yes, he is a reservist
with the 652nd Engineers.
669
00:37:01,920 --> 00:37:04,055
Sometimes I'm okay,
670
00:37:04,122 --> 00:37:08,093
and other times,
I could cry a river.
671
00:37:10,662 --> 00:37:12,331
(CLANGING)
672
00:37:14,065 --> 00:37:16,101
You wrap the flag
around every weapon system.
673
00:37:16,167 --> 00:37:18,404
Every weapon system is
supposed to be for the troops.
674
00:37:18,470 --> 00:37:20,339
Give the soldier
the tools they need,
675
00:37:20,406 --> 00:37:24,142
but, really,
what it ends up becoming
is product competition.
676
00:37:24,209 --> 00:37:27,078
SAEGER: If you had the same
car year after year,
677
00:37:27,145 --> 00:37:29,548
if industry didn't
change the car at all,
678
00:37:29,615 --> 00:37:31,216
would you buy
a different car?
679
00:37:31,283 --> 00:37:33,352
No, but when they
come up with something
680
00:37:33,419 --> 00:37:35,621
that's got extra
bells and whistles on it,
681
00:37:35,687 --> 00:37:39,157
that suits
what you need it to do,
then you'll buy more.
682
00:37:39,224 --> 00:37:41,393
SPINNEY: If you look
at the weapons
that we're buying,
683
00:37:41,460 --> 00:37:45,497
new aircraft carriers,
new submarines,
F-22 fighters,
684
00:37:45,564 --> 00:37:48,099
you know, for an attack
that the FBI estimates
685
00:37:48,166 --> 00:37:53,071
probably cost, uh,
Al Qaeda or Osama
500K to pull off,
686
00:37:53,138 --> 00:37:57,142
uh, we are now
spending more than we did
at the peak of Vietnam.
687
00:37:57,208 --> 00:38:00,746
A lot of what's going on
is simply because
people don't understand
688
00:38:00,812 --> 00:38:04,883
the larger architecture
of how the Pentagon operates.
689
00:38:04,950 --> 00:38:07,553
MAN: Mr. Chairman and
distinguished members
of the committee,
690
00:38:07,619 --> 00:38:11,122
I am the U.S.
Air Force program manager
for the Boeing Company.
691
00:38:11,189 --> 00:38:13,559
Let's use the example
of buying a weapon,
692
00:38:13,625 --> 00:38:15,226
like a new fighter
plane for the Air Force.
693
00:38:15,293 --> 00:38:17,763
SPINNEY: The action usually
starts in the Pentagon,
694
00:38:17,829 --> 00:38:19,798
maybe at
the contractors' initiatives,
695
00:38:19,865 --> 00:38:22,000
but, essentially,
everybody's working together.
696
00:38:22,067 --> 00:38:25,371
The KC-767A can
carry up to 190 troops.
697
00:38:25,437 --> 00:38:27,406
Basically,
what you do is you come in
698
00:38:27,473 --> 00:38:29,174
and you low-ball
the initial estimate.
699
00:38:29,240 --> 00:38:31,743
The actual...
Then your cost is
about half that estimate.
700
00:38:31,810 --> 00:38:33,779
SPINNEY: You over-promise
what it's gonna do,
701
00:38:33,845 --> 00:38:37,182
and you underestimate
the kind of burdens
it's gonna impose.
702
00:38:37,248 --> 00:38:41,186
We separately met
with the companies, and both
proposals very good...
703
00:38:41,252 --> 00:38:44,656
Once the Air Force
buys off on it,
then you start flooding money
704
00:38:44,723 --> 00:38:46,525
to as many
congressional districts
705
00:38:46,592 --> 00:38:48,960
as possible,
as quickly as possible.
706
00:38:49,027 --> 00:38:52,398
The B-2 bomber
has a piece of it
made in every single state
707
00:38:52,464 --> 00:38:56,167
to make sure that
if you ever tried
to phase that project out,
708
00:38:56,234 --> 00:38:57,836
you will get howls,
709
00:38:57,903 --> 00:39:01,072
howls from among the most
liberal members of Congress.
710
00:39:01,139 --> 00:39:05,544
I believe in this military.
I am urging the Senate
to support this bill,
711
00:39:05,611 --> 00:39:08,580
$66 billion for our men
and women in uniform.
712
00:39:08,647 --> 00:39:10,882
Well, I just wanna
thank the Chairman
for working with me
713
00:39:10,949 --> 00:39:14,553
in adding $100 million
to upgrade ten
additional B-1 bombers.
714
00:39:14,620 --> 00:39:16,855
And that B-1 has
been a great asset
715
00:39:16,922 --> 00:39:18,557
for the projection
of powerful...
716
00:39:18,624 --> 00:39:21,993
The F-35 Joint
Strike Fighter,
the FA-22 Raptor and...
717
00:39:22,060 --> 00:39:26,665
Because the
military-industrial complex
is not two links, it's three.
718
00:39:26,732 --> 00:39:30,168
It's the military and
the industry and Congress.
719
00:39:30,235 --> 00:39:33,338
For a Congressman,
defense spending means jobs.
720
00:39:33,405 --> 00:39:36,842
Humvees are manufactured
in my district in Mishawaka,
Indiana by...
721
00:39:36,908 --> 00:39:40,412
CIRINCIONE: Losing 100 defense
jobs in his district
722
00:39:40,479 --> 00:39:42,848
could mean 500 votes.
723
00:39:42,914 --> 00:39:45,383
CIRINCIONE: It's not just
100 workers.
724
00:39:45,451 --> 00:39:48,987
It's their spouses.
It's their children.
725
00:39:49,054 --> 00:39:52,157
It's the representative's duty
to bring home the bacon.
726
00:39:52,223 --> 00:39:54,693
I am also grateful
for the work
727
00:39:54,760 --> 00:39:56,394
that the House
Armed Services Committee
728
00:39:56,462 --> 00:40:01,066
has done to fully fund
the FA-22 program this year.
729
00:40:01,132 --> 00:40:02,834
God bless our contractors.
730
00:40:02,901 --> 00:40:05,537
It is our conclusion
that the Lockheed Martin team
731
00:40:05,604 --> 00:40:08,406
is the winner of the Joint
Strike Fighter Program.
732
00:40:08,474 --> 00:40:11,477
*(PIANO PLAYING)
733
00:40:15,046 --> 00:40:18,049
LEWIS: We have a snapshot
in time, after September 11th,
734
00:40:18,116 --> 00:40:21,887
where at least 71 companies
that we were able to identify
735
00:40:21,953 --> 00:40:26,357
are starting to get
contracts to go in in
Afghanistan and Iraq.
736
00:40:26,424 --> 00:40:30,195
All of the top 10 companies
had former U.S. officials
737
00:40:30,261 --> 00:40:31,897
who had worked
in the Pentagon
738
00:40:31,963 --> 00:40:33,565
or other parts of
the U.S. government,
739
00:40:33,632 --> 00:40:36,602
on their boards of directors
or as their top executives.
740
00:40:36,668 --> 00:40:38,403
LEWIS: It's known as
the revolving door,
741
00:40:38,470 --> 00:40:40,371
and people cash in
all the time.
742
00:40:40,438 --> 00:40:42,608
Public officials go
to work for companies
743
00:40:42,674 --> 00:40:44,843
and they make triple,
quadruple,
744
00:40:44,910 --> 00:40:47,045
ten times, sometimes,
as much money
745
00:40:47,112 --> 00:40:49,047
as they used to
make in public service.
746
00:40:49,114 --> 00:40:51,082
McCAIN: There is too close
a relationship,
747
00:40:51,149 --> 00:40:54,385
and there is outright, uh...
I--I hate to use
the word "corruption,"
748
00:40:54,452 --> 00:40:58,189
but it borders on it,
the behavior of some
of these individuals,
749
00:40:58,256 --> 00:41:01,292
both in--in industry
and in the Pentagon.
750
00:41:01,359 --> 00:41:03,995
The number one
recipient of contracts
751
00:41:04,062 --> 00:41:07,332
was Vice President Cheney's
former company, Halliburton,
752
00:41:07,398 --> 00:41:09,735
and its subsidiary
Kellogg Brown & Root.
753
00:41:09,801 --> 00:41:13,471
K-B-R,
we're the Army's contractor
on the battlefield.
754
00:41:13,539 --> 00:41:17,709
Currently 65,000 KBR people
around the world,
755
00:41:17,776 --> 00:41:19,344
assisting the troops.
756
00:41:19,410 --> 00:41:20,946
And ten of what?
757
00:41:21,012 --> 00:41:23,114
CIRINCIONE: You know, the
military-industrial complex
758
00:41:23,181 --> 00:41:25,517
isn't just
the people in the Pentagon
759
00:41:25,584 --> 00:41:27,485
and the people
producing the weapons.
760
00:41:27,553 --> 00:41:31,222
It's now increasingly got
a very large service sector.
761
00:41:31,289 --> 00:41:32,490
Ham and eggs.
762
00:41:32,558 --> 00:41:34,860
CIRINCIONE: Things that
troops used to do,
763
00:41:34,926 --> 00:41:37,829
like peel potatoes
and do laundry,
764
00:41:37,896 --> 00:41:40,065
you now have
contractors doing.
765
00:41:40,131 --> 00:41:41,967
PERLE: Somebody has to
do this work.
766
00:41:42,033 --> 00:41:46,437
And the Halliburton thing
is just an outrageous effort
767
00:41:46,504 --> 00:41:49,040
to associate
the Vice President
768
00:41:49,107 --> 00:41:50,642
with the activities
of a company
769
00:41:50,709 --> 00:41:52,744
with which he has
no connection,
770
00:41:52,811 --> 00:41:54,546
no connection at all.
771
00:41:58,984 --> 00:42:00,852
WOMAN: Congressional
critics are questioning
772
00:42:00,919 --> 00:42:03,288
whether Dick Cheney helped
Halliburton get a billion...
773
00:42:03,354 --> 00:42:06,992
MAN: The FBI has revealed
it is expanding
its investigation
774
00:42:07,058 --> 00:42:12,097
into how Halliburton company
billed taxpayers for
its contract work in Iraq.
775
00:42:12,163 --> 00:42:14,700
MAN: And it now appears
some of those contracts
were awarded
776
00:42:14,766 --> 00:42:17,468
with the knowledge
and approval of
the Vice President's office,
777
00:42:17,535 --> 00:42:19,871
which would seem to contradict
his previous statements.
778
00:42:19,938 --> 00:42:22,641
As Vice President,
I have absolutely
no influence of,
779
00:42:22,708 --> 00:42:27,445
involvement of,
knowledge of, in any way,
shape or form, of contracts.
780
00:42:27,512 --> 00:42:32,183
We did a report that took two
and a half years, $600,000,
781
00:42:32,250 --> 00:42:36,321
33 people, including ten
investigative reporters
on six continents,
782
00:42:36,387 --> 00:42:38,924
looking at private
military companies
783
00:42:38,990 --> 00:42:41,459
and outsourcing war
all over the world.
784
00:42:41,526 --> 00:42:44,596
And we noticed that in 1992
785
00:42:44,663 --> 00:42:47,198
there was
a contract of $9 million
786
00:42:47,265 --> 00:42:50,602
given out to a company,
Kellogg Brown & Root,
787
00:42:50,669 --> 00:42:52,470
to study the idea,
788
00:42:52,537 --> 00:42:55,641
"Should the Pentagon start
using the private sector
789
00:42:55,707 --> 00:42:58,409
"to do some of
the support type functions,
790
00:42:58,476 --> 00:43:01,012
"like food service,
latrine duty,
791
00:43:01,079 --> 00:43:04,449
"but even maybe some
military things as well?"
792
00:43:04,515 --> 00:43:08,586
And the Secretary of Defense
at the time was
one Dick Cheney,
793
00:43:08,654 --> 00:43:10,689
so Cheney gives
the contract out.
794
00:43:10,756 --> 00:43:12,691
Kellogg Brown & Root
comes back
795
00:43:12,758 --> 00:43:14,926
and says,
"This is a terrific idea."
796
00:43:14,993 --> 00:43:19,965
The next 10 years,
they get 700 or 800
contracts to do just that.
797
00:43:20,031 --> 00:43:22,067
DICK CHENEY: Well,
I ran Halliburton.
I'm proud of it.
798
00:43:22,133 --> 00:43:23,401
Halliburton's
a quintessential...
799
00:43:23,468 --> 00:43:26,371
LEWIS: This company
brought in a Rolodex guy,
800
00:43:26,437 --> 00:43:28,506
a former U.S. Congressman,
801
00:43:28,573 --> 00:43:31,342
Defense Secretary,
Chief of Staff to a President
802
00:43:31,409 --> 00:43:34,646
to make sure that
he could get doors opened,
803
00:43:34,713 --> 00:43:38,349
not only in Washington
but in capitals
all over the world.
804
00:43:38,416 --> 00:43:41,252
And, yes, he becomes
personally wealthy from that.
805
00:43:41,319 --> 00:43:42,620
No question about it.
806
00:43:42,688 --> 00:43:45,757
His net worth went from
a million dollars or less
807
00:43:45,824 --> 00:43:49,294
to 60 or 70 million dollars
in the span of five years.
808
00:43:49,360 --> 00:43:50,662
MAN: Are you ready
to take the oath?
809
00:43:50,729 --> 00:43:52,130
I am.
810
00:43:52,197 --> 00:43:54,332
Please raise your right hand
and repeat after me.
811
00:43:54,399 --> 00:43:57,869
LEWIS: So we elected
a government contractor
as vice president.
812
00:43:57,936 --> 00:43:59,771
*(TRUMPET BLOWING)
Congratulations,
Mr. Vice President.
813
00:43:59,838 --> 00:44:03,541
This could be Indonesia.
It sounds like Russia,
Nigeria.
814
00:44:03,608 --> 00:44:05,376
No, it's the United
States of America,
815
00:44:05,443 --> 00:44:07,713
and everything I just
said is entirely legal,
816
00:44:07,779 --> 00:44:10,015
and it is our system
of legal corruption.
817
00:44:10,081 --> 00:44:12,884
If I am sure of anything,
I am sure of this.
818
00:44:12,951 --> 00:44:15,353
Vice President Cheney
had nothing to do
819
00:44:15,420 --> 00:44:18,857
with the award of
any contract to Halliburton.
820
00:44:18,924 --> 00:44:20,658
He wouldn't pick up
the phone.
821
00:44:20,726 --> 00:44:22,393
He wouldn't whisper
in someone's ear.
822
00:44:22,460 --> 00:44:24,763
I know him.
He just wouldn't do it.
823
00:44:24,830 --> 00:44:27,165
It looks bad. It looks bad.
824
00:44:27,232 --> 00:44:30,101
And, apparently, Halliburton,
more than once,
825
00:44:30,168 --> 00:44:32,771
has over-charged the,
the federal government.
826
00:44:32,838 --> 00:44:34,172
That's wrong.
827
00:44:34,239 --> 00:44:35,506
(PHONE RINGING)
828
00:44:35,573 --> 00:44:38,176
WOMAN: How would you
tackle a problem like that?
829
00:44:38,243 --> 00:44:41,847
I would have
a public investigation
of what they've done.
830
00:44:42,513 --> 00:44:43,749
WOMAN: So...
831
00:44:43,815 --> 00:44:45,216
(WOMAN CHATTERING)
832
00:44:45,283 --> 00:44:46,718
What's that?
833
00:44:46,785 --> 00:44:48,519
Vice President's
on the phone? Okay.
834
00:44:48,586 --> 00:44:51,022
WOMAN: You probably
have to take the call,
don't you?
835
00:44:51,089 --> 00:44:53,124
SUSAN EISENHOWER: Whenever you
get into a situation
836
00:44:53,191 --> 00:44:54,826
where anybody's got
unwarranted influence,
837
00:44:54,893 --> 00:44:57,362
it has the potential
to be deeply distorting.
838
00:44:57,428 --> 00:44:59,130
It corrupts our system.
839
00:44:59,197 --> 00:45:01,967
JOHNSON: You don't have to
show that he directly came in
840
00:45:02,033 --> 00:45:04,669
and hit
the cash register button,
the door flew open,
841
00:45:04,736 --> 00:45:06,838
and he took some money out
and put it in his pocket.
842
00:45:06,905 --> 00:45:10,942
It's to say
anybody allocating things
at the Department of Defense
843
00:45:11,009 --> 00:45:12,643
knows who
the Vice President is,
844
00:45:12,710 --> 00:45:15,313
knows what his connections
are in Halliburton.
845
00:45:15,380 --> 00:45:18,416
We have a process
that has a seamlessness,
846
00:45:18,483 --> 00:45:20,952
where the corporate interests
847
00:45:21,019 --> 00:45:25,924
that stand to benefit
are so intertwined
and interwoven
848
00:45:25,991 --> 00:45:28,026
with the
political forces that
849
00:45:28,093 --> 00:45:30,061
the financial elites
and the political elites
850
00:45:30,128 --> 00:45:31,629
have become the same people.
851
00:45:31,696 --> 00:45:33,331
You do have to follow
the money.
852
00:45:33,398 --> 00:45:34,933
If you follow
the money here,
853
00:45:35,000 --> 00:45:37,535
it's not so much that
Halliburton wanted a war
854
00:45:37,602 --> 00:45:39,905
so they told Dick Cheney
to go get one for them.
855
00:45:39,971 --> 00:45:43,809
It wasn't that, but you do get
a willingness to go to war.
856
00:45:47,779 --> 00:45:50,782
MAN: Ayes are 296.
857
00:45:50,849 --> 00:45:53,151
The nays are 133.
858
00:45:53,218 --> 00:45:57,255
The Joint Resolution is passed
without objection.
859
00:45:57,322 --> 00:46:01,059
KWIATKOWSKI: You get
a willingness to look at
the cost-benefit scenario.
860
00:46:01,126 --> 00:46:03,494
American people who have
a son or a daughter
861
00:46:03,561 --> 00:46:05,563
that's going to be deployed
and maybe shot at,
862
00:46:05,630 --> 00:46:07,532
maybe killed
or maimed in Iraq,
863
00:46:07,598 --> 00:46:09,000
they look
at the cost-benefit,
864
00:46:09,067 --> 00:46:10,768
and they go, hmm,
"I don't think that's good."
865
00:46:10,836 --> 00:46:12,437
KWIATKOWSKI:
But when politicians
866
00:46:12,503 --> 00:46:14,705
who understand contracts,
future contracts,
867
00:46:14,772 --> 00:46:18,543
when they look at war,
they have a different
cost-benefit analysis.
868
00:46:18,609 --> 00:46:21,446
JOHNSON: The defense budget
is three-quarters
of a trillion dollars.
869
00:46:21,512 --> 00:46:24,682
Profits went up
last year well over 25%.
870
00:46:24,749 --> 00:46:27,518
I guarantee you, when war
becomes that profitable,
871
00:46:27,585 --> 00:46:29,420
you're going to
see more of it.
872
00:46:29,487 --> 00:46:32,657
SUSAN EISENHOWER: I don't
know how you would want
to assess the reasons
873
00:46:32,723 --> 00:46:35,226
the United States
went to war in Iraq.
874
00:46:35,293 --> 00:46:37,896
But, ultimately,
you have to ask yourself
at the end of the day,
875
00:46:37,963 --> 00:46:39,797
"Does any of this contribute
876
00:46:39,865 --> 00:46:43,501
"to whether or not
we are making valid
and appropriate decisions
877
00:46:43,568 --> 00:46:46,271
"about our conduct
of foreign policy?"
878
00:47:03,922 --> 00:47:06,324
TOOMEY: Why do we fight?
879
00:47:06,391 --> 00:47:08,093
I don't know why we fight.
880
00:47:08,927 --> 00:47:10,295
Being a military officer,
881
00:47:10,361 --> 00:47:12,030
I--I really don't
sit back and look
882
00:47:12,097 --> 00:47:13,865
at who's with me
and who's against me.
883
00:47:13,932 --> 00:47:15,700
My job is to make
sure that my squadron,
884
00:47:15,766 --> 00:47:17,568
my unit,
is ready to go to war.
885
00:47:17,635 --> 00:47:19,137
There's always gonna be people
886
00:47:19,204 --> 00:47:20,405
that disagree
with what we do,
887
00:47:20,471 --> 00:47:21,907
and we can't stop that.
888
00:47:21,973 --> 00:47:24,109
That's part of democracy.
889
00:47:24,175 --> 00:47:26,044
HOEHN: From a soldier's
perspective and stuff,
890
00:47:26,111 --> 00:47:29,114
it gets old, listening to
the debates on policy.
891
00:47:29,180 --> 00:47:31,082
But it's not ours to decide.
892
00:47:31,149 --> 00:47:32,750
We do what we're told.
893
00:47:35,120 --> 00:47:37,989
MAN: The first light of
dawn is breaking above me.
894
00:47:38,056 --> 00:47:39,657
No explosions yet.
895
00:47:39,724 --> 00:47:43,828
Just the distant sound
of low rumbles
all across the city.
896
00:47:43,895 --> 00:47:46,264
You can hear
dogs are barking.
897
00:47:46,331 --> 00:47:49,267
They know that something
is about to happen.
898
00:47:50,735 --> 00:47:55,140
(WOMAN SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
899
00:47:55,206 --> 00:47:58,776
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
900
00:48:03,214 --> 00:48:06,451
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
901
00:48:13,224 --> 00:48:17,095
MAN: This will be a campaign
unlike any other in history,
902
00:48:17,162 --> 00:48:20,365
a campaign
characterized by shock,
903
00:48:21,232 --> 00:48:23,134
by surprise,
904
00:48:23,201 --> 00:48:28,339
by the employment
of precise munitions
on a scale never before seen.
905
00:48:28,406 --> 00:48:30,308
You also have to
understand that
906
00:48:30,375 --> 00:48:34,745
in trying to take out
Saddam during the OIF,
907
00:48:34,812 --> 00:48:39,117
we wanted
the Iraqi people to have
their infrastructure there
908
00:48:39,184 --> 00:48:42,487
and not be mad
at the coalition forces.
909
00:48:42,553 --> 00:48:44,956
TREADWAY: That's one of
the great, great results
910
00:48:45,023 --> 00:48:46,992
of the
military-industrial complex,
911
00:48:47,058 --> 00:48:48,994
the defense industry.
912
00:48:49,060 --> 00:48:50,828
With the advances
in the weaponry now,
913
00:48:50,895 --> 00:48:54,132
we can destroy the target of
our commander's choosing
914
00:48:54,199 --> 00:48:56,201
and minimize
collateral damage,
915
00:48:56,267 --> 00:48:58,369
which is such
an all-encompassing term,
916
00:48:58,436 --> 00:49:00,305
the risk to innocent life.
917
00:49:00,371 --> 00:49:02,773
TOOMEY: Nobody's out there
to just destroy things.
918
00:49:02,840 --> 00:49:05,143
Just because I wear a uniform
makes me no different
919
00:49:05,210 --> 00:49:08,579
than anybody else, uh,
that's, uh, sitting here
in this room with me.
920
00:49:08,646 --> 00:49:10,081
Uh, I have the same family.
921
00:49:10,148 --> 00:49:12,717
I get up. I shave,
just like everybody else.
922
00:49:12,783 --> 00:49:14,352
Uh, the only difference
is there's times
923
00:49:14,419 --> 00:49:15,786
when I have to leave my family
924
00:49:15,853 --> 00:49:18,423
and go to another country
and go to war.
925
00:49:18,489 --> 00:49:22,360
DONALD RUMSFELD: We have
the greatest fighting forces
on the face of the Earth.
926
00:49:22,427 --> 00:49:25,430
Our nation is blessed
to have so many
brave men and women
927
00:49:25,496 --> 00:49:30,001
who voluntarily
risk their lives
to protect our country.
928
00:49:39,544 --> 00:49:42,180
* Woke up this morning
929
00:49:42,247 --> 00:49:47,185
* I suddenly realized
we're all in this together *
930
00:49:47,252 --> 00:49:50,288
SOLOMON: Hello, my name's
William Solomon. I'm 23.
931
00:49:50,355 --> 00:49:54,359
I've decided to enlist in
the United States
Regular Army,
932
00:49:54,425 --> 00:49:57,562
and I'm gonna be shipping out
January 26th.
933
00:49:57,628 --> 00:49:59,730
A lot of
the stuff that I've been
going through recently
934
00:49:59,797 --> 00:50:01,532
with my mother's death,
935
00:50:01,599 --> 00:50:05,336
um, my financial hardships,
936
00:50:05,403 --> 00:50:09,074
and my inability
to complete my education,
937
00:50:09,140 --> 00:50:12,243
those three main problems
are all gonna, um...
938
00:50:12,310 --> 00:50:14,079
Are plain and simple,
just gonna be solved
939
00:50:14,145 --> 00:50:16,514
by my enlistment
in the military.
940
00:50:16,581 --> 00:50:20,485
VALENTINE: When Will
first came in, he was actually
talking to the Air Force,
941
00:50:20,551 --> 00:50:23,354
but he asked me a question
about the Army aviation.
942
00:50:23,421 --> 00:50:25,990
A-and once he asked
me the question,
I told him about it.
943
00:50:26,057 --> 00:50:28,493
When they showed
me the brochures,
some of the helicopters, I...
944
00:50:28,559 --> 00:50:30,761
And then like the RAH-66,
that's a stealth helicopter.
945
00:50:30,828 --> 00:50:32,197
I was like,
"Wait, they got this?"
946
00:50:32,263 --> 00:50:33,631
At that point in time,
you know,
947
00:50:33,698 --> 00:50:36,934
I explained to him our Warrant
Officer Flight program.
948
00:50:37,001 --> 00:50:39,204
VALENTINE: You can take
somebody right off the street,
949
00:50:39,270 --> 00:50:42,039
as long as the person has
a high school diploma,
can come in,
950
00:50:42,107 --> 00:50:44,675
get a--a good job
guaranteed to them.
951
00:50:44,742 --> 00:50:48,779
I think once Will
found out about that,
he was pretty much locked in.
952
00:50:48,846 --> 00:50:52,283
SOLOMON: He was completely
unlike what I expected
of a recruiter
953
00:50:52,350 --> 00:50:53,518
when I first spoke with him.
954
00:50:53,584 --> 00:50:55,753
...outside of that stadium
we used to train in.
955
00:50:55,820 --> 00:50:58,189
'Course that's an Apache
attack helicopter there.
956
00:50:58,256 --> 00:51:00,725
SOLOMON: 'Cause he told me
that Army recruiters, quote,
957
00:51:00,791 --> 00:51:03,461
"Got the bad reputation
of car salesmen."
958
00:51:03,528 --> 00:51:07,698
The toughest part
about recruiting is,
is gaining a person's trust.
959
00:51:07,765 --> 00:51:10,868
Whatever we say
we back up with
black-and-white regulations,
960
00:51:10,935 --> 00:51:14,572
so, um, there's no smokes
and mirrors around here.
961
00:51:14,639 --> 00:51:17,074
Y-you fixed up
my life real good, man.
You're gonna make...
962
00:51:17,142 --> 00:51:19,644
Because of you,
I'm gonna retire real nice,
963
00:51:19,710 --> 00:51:22,313
'cause I'm thinking of it
as a career thing.
964
00:51:24,782 --> 00:51:27,051
SOLOMON: Every little bit
of strife I've gone through
in my life,
965
00:51:27,118 --> 00:51:29,320
every little inconvenience,
I've always,
966
00:51:29,387 --> 00:51:31,689
or since I signed the papers,
anyway...
967
00:51:31,756 --> 00:51:33,924
I just looked at this
as something
968
00:51:33,991 --> 00:51:36,093
that'll make basic training
that much easier.
969
00:51:36,161 --> 00:51:38,263
* Gonna build a fire
970
00:51:38,329 --> 00:51:40,798
* Lead the choir
971
00:51:40,865 --> 00:51:44,001
* In my song
972
00:51:44,068 --> 00:51:45,436
* Once
973
00:51:45,503 --> 00:51:47,905
MAN: We are an army of one.
974
00:51:47,972 --> 00:51:50,308
One team,
one mission, one goal.
975
00:51:50,375 --> 00:51:53,043
* It was around
my schoolboy days *
976
00:51:53,110 --> 00:51:54,879
* New lines were drawn
977
00:51:54,945 --> 00:51:58,316
* And rules were made
978
00:51:58,383 --> 00:51:59,950
* I wear the scars *
979
00:52:00,017 --> 00:52:01,752
SPINNEY: You know,
the whole idea of you can be
980
00:52:01,819 --> 00:52:03,488
all you can be if
you join the Army.
981
00:52:03,554 --> 00:52:06,090
Look at how we
appeal to them.
You're gonna learn a skill.
982
00:52:06,157 --> 00:52:08,559
You're gonna get a trade.
You'll be able
to go to college.
983
00:52:08,626 --> 00:52:12,062
Give you all these benefits
if you go and serve
your country.
984
00:52:12,129 --> 00:52:14,031
SPINNEY: We appeal to
people's self interest
985
00:52:14,098 --> 00:52:15,900
and then put them
into a situation
986
00:52:15,966 --> 00:52:18,002
which is based
on self-sacrifice.
987
00:52:20,638 --> 00:52:22,873
SOLOMON: I didn't really have
much of a blood family.
988
00:52:22,940 --> 00:52:25,576
(CELL PHONE RINGING)
My mom was the only blood,
me and my mom...
989
00:52:25,643 --> 00:52:26,711
Hold on.
990
00:52:26,777 --> 00:52:27,978
Hello.
991
00:52:28,045 --> 00:52:29,814
Hello? Yeah, Jimmy.
992
00:52:29,880 --> 00:52:31,382
SOLOMON: I mean,
I got real good friends,
993
00:52:31,449 --> 00:52:33,484
and they've been just as good
as a blood family,
994
00:52:33,551 --> 00:52:36,387
but they're not
that supportive
of me going in. They say...
995
00:52:36,454 --> 00:52:38,989
They, you know,
try and give me
boogieman stories
996
00:52:39,056 --> 00:52:40,625
about what's
gonna happen in basic.
997
00:52:40,691 --> 00:52:45,129
Um, as rough as basic
can be, it--it can't be
as bad as they say.
998
00:52:47,332 --> 00:52:50,435
I'm not worried.
999
00:52:50,501 --> 00:52:54,004
Right now,
you have more of a separation
between the military
1000
00:52:54,071 --> 00:52:55,873
and particularly
the middle class
1001
00:52:55,940 --> 00:52:57,775
and the upper middle class
in this country
1002
00:52:57,842 --> 00:53:00,144
than existed even
under the draft era.
1003
00:53:00,211 --> 00:53:01,846
SPINNEY: If you go back
to Vietnam,
1004
00:53:01,912 --> 00:53:05,716
basically,
the inequity of the draft
helped prolong the war.
1005
00:53:05,783 --> 00:53:08,819
As long as the poor
and unrepresented were dying,
1006
00:53:08,886 --> 00:53:10,020
people went along with it.
1007
00:53:10,087 --> 00:53:11,822
You know,
we got out of Vietnam
1008
00:53:11,889 --> 00:53:13,624
effectively when
the lottery started
1009
00:53:13,691 --> 00:53:16,527
and middle class kids
were getting killed.
1010
00:53:16,594 --> 00:53:19,397
First thing that happened
was they went to this
all-volunteer army,
1011
00:53:19,464 --> 00:53:21,332
and that solved
the draft inequity problem,
1012
00:53:21,399 --> 00:53:23,200
because everybody
is a volunteer.
1013
00:53:23,268 --> 00:53:25,603
This is supposedly
a stealth helicopter,
1014
00:53:25,670 --> 00:53:29,274
which hopefully
will go into service
by the time I become a pilot.
1015
00:53:29,340 --> 00:53:32,277
And that makes the military
much easier to use,
1016
00:53:32,343 --> 00:53:35,580
uh, because, you know,
"You guys are
fucking volunteers.
1017
00:53:35,646 --> 00:53:38,048
"Screw you.
You signed up for this."
1018
00:53:38,115 --> 00:53:41,619
You know, the, uh,
objections don't carry
as much water.
1019
00:53:44,154 --> 00:53:46,123
MAN: In a period of
increased tension,
1020
00:53:46,190 --> 00:53:49,627
the advantage
gained by flying men
into position quickly
1021
00:53:49,694 --> 00:53:52,897
might represent
the difference
between success or failure
1022
00:53:52,963 --> 00:53:55,900
in a military operation.
1023
00:53:55,966 --> 00:54:01,205
SEKZER: I arrived
in Vietnam in July of 1965.
1024
00:54:01,272 --> 00:54:06,110
I was part of
the buildup to 50,000 troops.
1025
00:54:06,176 --> 00:54:08,913
I remember saying
to one of my buddies,
1026
00:54:08,979 --> 00:54:11,516
"You know, this keeps up,
1027
00:54:11,582 --> 00:54:14,051
"they're gonna have
100,000 troops over here."
1028
00:54:14,118 --> 00:54:15,720
And he laughed.
He said, "What, are you nuts?
1029
00:54:15,786 --> 00:54:18,556
"They'd have to declare war
for 100,000 troops."
1030
00:54:18,623 --> 00:54:20,291
PRESIDENT JOHNSON:
My fellow Americans,
1031
00:54:20,358 --> 00:54:24,995
renewed hostile actions
against United States ships
1032
00:54:25,062 --> 00:54:28,433
on the high seas
in the Gulf of Tonkin
1033
00:54:28,499 --> 00:54:31,235
have today
required me to order
1034
00:54:31,302 --> 00:54:33,571
the military forces
of the United States
1035
00:54:33,638 --> 00:54:36,874
to take action in reply.
1036
00:54:36,941 --> 00:54:40,711
I was assigned to
a helicopter company,
13th Aviation Battalion.
1037
00:54:40,778 --> 00:54:44,449
I was a, uh, door-gunner
on one of the helicopters.
1038
00:54:44,515 --> 00:54:48,252
It was quite
an experience for, you know,
a 21-year-old kid.
1039
00:54:49,420 --> 00:54:52,256
You're involved in
taking people's lives.
1040
00:54:57,061 --> 00:55:00,264
From the perspective
of a helicopter,
1041
00:55:00,331 --> 00:55:03,200
you're up
X-number hundreds of feet
1042
00:55:03,267 --> 00:55:06,537
and you're shooting
at little dots
that are running around.
1043
00:55:06,604 --> 00:55:08,906
You're not shooting
at somebody face to face.
1044
00:55:08,973 --> 00:55:10,475
MAN: Okay, there's
a blue shirt on a trail
1045
00:55:10,541 --> 00:55:12,343
down here.
He's coming in right!
1046
00:55:12,410 --> 00:55:14,712
Okay, there's our tank.
1047
00:55:14,779 --> 00:55:17,882
SEKZER: It's almost like
they're not real human beings.
1048
00:55:19,049 --> 00:55:20,651
They're objects.
1049
00:55:21,552 --> 00:55:23,220
They're objects.
1050
00:55:28,393 --> 00:55:32,129
ANH DUONG: As a refugee
of war, I think
I understand firsthand
1051
00:55:32,196 --> 00:55:35,600
the suffering, the pain
that war could cause.
1052
00:55:37,735 --> 00:55:39,904
I came here when I was 15.
1053
00:55:41,772 --> 00:55:46,744
We left Saigon on
the 28th of April, 1975,
1054
00:55:46,811 --> 00:55:49,847
right before
the downfall of Saigon.
1055
00:55:49,914 --> 00:55:54,118
I was very lucky
to made it here intact.
1056
00:55:54,184 --> 00:55:58,489
I always was very much aware
of why I'm here.
1057
00:55:58,556 --> 00:56:02,326
It's because of
a strong thirst for freedom
1058
00:56:02,393 --> 00:56:04,028
that brought me here,
1059
00:56:04,094 --> 00:56:07,164
and the sacrifice
of other people
that brought me here.
1060
00:56:07,231 --> 00:56:09,199
MAN: A full-scale
evacuation had been ordered.
1061
00:56:09,266 --> 00:56:12,236
ANH DUONG: But I do remember
the desperation.
1062
00:56:12,302 --> 00:56:15,172
A lot of South Vietnamese
indeed felt
1063
00:56:15,239 --> 00:56:19,109
that the Americans have
left them fend for themselves,
1064
00:56:19,176 --> 00:56:24,815
that, in the end,
America deliberately
withdrew all the support.
1065
00:56:24,882 --> 00:56:27,952
But I separate that
from the American people.
1066
00:56:30,054 --> 00:56:34,425
SEKZER: I grew up
knowing that,
should the situation arise,
1067
00:56:34,492 --> 00:56:36,894
you were expected
to answer the call
1068
00:56:36,961 --> 00:56:39,329
when your country
made the call.
1069
00:56:39,396 --> 00:56:42,967
There was no such thing as,
"Well, I wonder if
my country's right.
1070
00:56:43,033 --> 00:56:44,769
"Is anybody lying
to me about this?"
1071
00:56:44,835 --> 00:56:47,371
You--You don't,
you don't grow up
thinking that.
1072
00:56:47,438 --> 00:56:52,076
You grow up saying,
"If the bugle calls, you go."
1073
00:56:52,142 --> 00:56:54,078
SEKZER: Well, as, you know,
as time went on,
1074
00:56:54,144 --> 00:56:57,482
and we found out, well,
this whole Gulf of Tonkin
thing was BS
1075
00:56:57,548 --> 00:56:59,650
and nobody
was really attacked.
1076
00:56:59,717 --> 00:57:02,386
So you say to yourself,
"You know what?
1077
00:57:02,453 --> 00:57:03,854
"That's really crap, man.
1078
00:57:03,921 --> 00:57:06,824
Why--Why--Why did,
why did somebody lie to us?
1079
00:57:06,891 --> 00:57:09,193
"There was no need to lie."
1080
00:57:10,695 --> 00:57:14,799
We have been lied to
in every military escapade,
1081
00:57:14,865 --> 00:57:18,936
um, frankly,
over the last 50 or 60 years,
uh, without exception.
1082
00:57:19,003 --> 00:57:21,772
LEWIS: There's no
better example, probably,
than Vietnam,
1083
00:57:21,839 --> 00:57:24,341
where you had the President
of the United States
1084
00:57:24,408 --> 00:57:27,512
and the top generals
in the Pentagon,
out-and-out lying
1085
00:57:27,578 --> 00:57:31,115
about the Gulf of Tonkin
incident and
got us into the war,
1086
00:57:31,181 --> 00:57:34,351
about the casualties,
about how the war was going.
1087
00:57:34,418 --> 00:57:37,454
Anyone who has ever looked
closely at the Vietnam War
1088
00:57:37,522 --> 00:57:41,626
can see that the public
and the media
were manipulated,
1089
00:57:41,692 --> 00:57:44,161
uh, substantially.
1090
00:57:44,228 --> 00:57:47,264
LEWIS: We don't like to
think of ourselves
as a militant nation,
1091
00:57:47,331 --> 00:57:51,636
but we are, in fact,
an incredibly militant
and militaristic nation.
1092
00:57:51,702 --> 00:57:55,573
It's not a view of ourselves
that we wanna carry around,
1093
00:57:55,640 --> 00:57:57,775
but the fact is, we are.
1094
00:57:57,842 --> 00:57:59,710
If the President
1095
00:57:59,777 --> 00:58:02,713
and the
military-industrial complex,
the defense establishment,
1096
00:58:02,780 --> 00:58:07,084
if they all have decided
that suddenly
there's a problem somewhere
1097
00:58:07,151 --> 00:58:09,153
and we need to drop some bombs
1098
00:58:09,219 --> 00:58:12,890
or even put land forces
somewhere in some country,
1099
00:58:12,957 --> 00:58:15,926
this is a ritual
that we have been seeing
for decades.
1100
00:58:22,299 --> 00:58:23,601
We've toppled governments.
1101
00:58:23,668 --> 00:58:25,169
We've done coup detats.
1102
00:58:25,235 --> 00:58:28,405
We've used
intelligence services
for covert purposes
1103
00:58:28,472 --> 00:58:31,041
and done horrible things
around the world.
1104
00:58:31,108 --> 00:58:33,177
And we have put up
with the most heinous
1105
00:58:33,243 --> 00:58:35,279
human rights
abusing countries.
1106
00:58:35,345 --> 00:58:37,347
We have propped them up.
1107
00:58:37,414 --> 00:58:40,484
We've even trained them
how to commit
human rights abuses.
1108
00:58:40,551 --> 00:58:43,487
Today's demon
was yesterday's friend,
1109
00:58:43,554 --> 00:58:48,525
all in the name of
either the Cold War,
or for commercial reasons.
1110
00:58:54,298 --> 00:58:57,702
It's basically, uh,
economic colonialism.
1111
00:58:57,768 --> 00:58:59,904
LEWIS: No one uses
the colonialism word,
1112
00:58:59,970 --> 00:59:01,471
but instead of
just taking over
1113
00:59:01,538 --> 00:59:03,007
the countries,
we have a better way.
1114
00:59:03,073 --> 00:59:05,309
We just go in
and have free markets.
1115
00:59:05,375 --> 00:59:08,312
Whether we're trying to
sell our products
to their citizens
1116
00:59:08,378 --> 00:59:11,048
or we're trying to
mine their resources,
1117
00:59:11,115 --> 00:59:13,383
we need to be in that country
for some reason.
1118
00:59:13,450 --> 00:59:15,285
And, therefore,
we're gonna talk
1119
00:59:15,352 --> 00:59:17,121
about free markets,
free trade.
1120
00:59:17,187 --> 00:59:18,856
But what's
really going on is,
1121
00:59:18,923 --> 00:59:22,126
we want our companies
to get rich in your country.
1122
00:59:25,930 --> 00:59:27,464
MAN: There she is.
1123
00:59:27,531 --> 00:59:30,300
That's what all
the fuss is about, oil.
1124
00:59:31,301 --> 00:59:33,270
It's kind of pretty, isn't it?
1125
00:59:33,337 --> 00:59:35,773
Oil coming up
out of the ground
1126
00:59:35,840 --> 00:59:38,342
to make life a bit
more easy for all of us.
1127
00:59:39,543 --> 00:59:41,445
JOHNSON: The United States
is the world's
1128
00:59:41,511 --> 00:59:43,914
largest consumer
of fossil fuels.
1129
00:59:43,981 --> 00:59:47,384
Oil is what drives
the military machine
of every country.
1130
00:59:47,451 --> 00:59:49,820
That is, it provides
the fuel for the aircraft,
1131
00:59:49,887 --> 00:59:52,489
for the ships, for the tanks,
for the trucks.
1132
00:59:52,556 --> 00:59:55,059
Control of oil
is indispensable.
1133
00:59:55,125 --> 00:59:57,461
When you run out of it,
your army stops.
1134
01:00:00,197 --> 01:00:01,932
JOHNSON: There is a direct
connection between events
1135
01:00:01,999 --> 01:00:04,969
that happened more
than 50 years ago
1136
01:00:05,035 --> 01:00:08,372
and the war in Iraq today.
1137
01:00:08,438 --> 01:00:12,843
In 1953,
the Prime Minister of Iran,
Mohammed Mossadegh,
1138
01:00:12,910 --> 01:00:14,845
became extremely irritated.
1139
01:00:14,912 --> 01:00:18,282
The British were ripping off
his country's
national resources.
1140
01:00:18,348 --> 01:00:20,818
He wanted
a greater share in it.
1141
01:00:20,885 --> 01:00:23,253
The British came to
the new president, Eisenhower,
1142
01:00:23,320 --> 01:00:25,355
and asked for help on this.
1143
01:00:25,422 --> 01:00:29,026
Eisenhower very conveniently
declared Mossadegh
to be a Communist,
1144
01:00:29,093 --> 01:00:32,997
and we then set the CIA to,
uh, overthrow him.
1145
01:00:33,063 --> 01:00:35,866
MAN: Three days
of bloody rioting, culminating
in a military coup...
1146
01:00:35,933 --> 01:00:38,035
JOHNSON: The result was
we brought the Shah to power,
1147
01:00:38,102 --> 01:00:40,504
and he created
an extremely repressive regime
1148
01:00:40,570 --> 01:00:43,874
that within 20 years had led
to a revolution against him.
1149
01:00:43,941 --> 01:00:46,310
The Ayatollah Khomeini
creates a government
1150
01:00:46,376 --> 01:00:48,578
that is
violently anti-American.
1151
01:00:48,645 --> 01:00:50,114
(WOMAN CHATTERING)
1152
01:00:50,180 --> 01:00:51,581
MAN: Khomeini said, quote,
1153
01:00:51,648 --> 01:00:53,383
"I pray to God
to cut the hands
1154
01:00:53,450 --> 01:00:55,185
of all those
foreign advisors..."
1155
01:00:55,252 --> 01:00:57,587
In the After Action Report
by the CIA
1156
01:00:57,654 --> 01:01:00,758
on what they had
done in Iran in 1953,
1157
01:01:00,825 --> 01:01:04,762
they said, "We're going to get
some blowback from this."
1158
01:01:04,829 --> 01:01:08,866
We then made a puppet out of
Saddam Hussein in Iraq,
1159
01:01:08,933 --> 01:01:10,334
who was a friend of ours.
1160
01:01:10,400 --> 01:01:13,270
He was an asset
in the CIA's computers.
1161
01:01:13,337 --> 01:01:16,841
We did so because
he was anti-Iranian.
1162
01:01:16,907 --> 01:01:20,644
He was very fearful
that the revolution in Iran
1163
01:01:20,711 --> 01:01:22,479
would spread into his country.
1164
01:01:22,546 --> 01:01:24,982
He, therefore,
went to war with Iran.
1165
01:01:25,049 --> 01:01:29,053
The war was extremely bloody,
went on throughout the 1980s.
1166
01:01:29,119 --> 01:01:32,289
Unfortunately
for Saddam Hussein,
he began to lose the war.
1167
01:01:32,356 --> 01:01:34,491
At that point,
in comes the United States
1168
01:01:34,558 --> 01:01:36,026
in the form of
Donald Rumsfeld,
1169
01:01:36,093 --> 01:01:39,696
sent to Saddam Hussein
by President Reagan
to tell him,
1170
01:01:39,764 --> 01:01:41,498
"We will supply you
with intelligence.
1171
01:01:41,565 --> 01:01:43,167
"We will supply you
with the weapons
1172
01:01:43,233 --> 01:01:45,302
you may need
through covert means."
1173
01:01:45,369 --> 01:01:47,371
It is why cynics
in Washington say,
1174
01:01:47,437 --> 01:01:50,140
"We know Saddam Hussein
had weapons of
mass destruction.
1175
01:01:50,207 --> 01:01:51,575
"We have the receipts."
1176
01:01:51,641 --> 01:01:54,111
JOHNSON: This is
what we mean by blowback.
1177
01:01:54,178 --> 01:01:57,782
He remained a friend of ours
right up to his invasion,
1178
01:01:57,848 --> 01:02:00,417
in the summer of 1990,
of Kuwait.
1179
01:02:00,484 --> 01:02:02,887
We became alarmed
when he invaded Kuwait,
1180
01:02:02,953 --> 01:02:06,590
that he could also go on and
invade Saudi Arabia itself,
1181
01:02:06,656 --> 01:02:09,059
the largest reserves
of oil on Earth.
1182
01:02:09,126 --> 01:02:10,995
We've stationed troops
in Saudi Arabia.
1183
01:02:11,061 --> 01:02:13,998
It was a mistake in
every sense of the term.
1184
01:02:15,833 --> 01:02:18,102
JOHNSON: Remember,
Osama bin Laden had said,
1185
01:02:18,168 --> 01:02:20,537
"I resent the government
of Saudi Arabia
1186
01:02:20,604 --> 01:02:24,241
"for using Americans
to defend Saudi Arabia
against Iraq."
1187
01:02:24,308 --> 01:02:26,343
At that point,
we began to fear
1188
01:02:26,410 --> 01:02:29,746
that we were going
to lose our position
in Saudi Arabia.
1189
01:02:29,814 --> 01:02:34,718
Well, the second largest
source of proven reserves
on Earth are in Iraq.
1190
01:02:34,785 --> 01:02:38,856
This leads us now
to demonize our previous ally
1191
01:02:38,923 --> 01:02:40,925
and to prepare
the American public
1192
01:02:40,991 --> 01:02:43,460
for the thought
that we must take him out.
1193
01:02:47,932 --> 01:02:50,134
(DOG BARKING)
1194
01:02:53,037 --> 01:02:55,305
KWIATKOWSKI: I'm a retired
Air Force Lieutenant Colonel,
1195
01:02:55,372 --> 01:02:58,742
retired from
the military after 20 years.
1196
01:02:58,809 --> 01:03:01,045
I initially started
in the Air Force.
1197
01:03:01,111 --> 01:03:03,848
Then they trained me
as a communication
electronics officer,
1198
01:03:03,914 --> 01:03:05,983
and I did that
for about 15 years.
1199
01:03:06,050 --> 01:03:08,018
And once I joined
the Pentagon,
1200
01:03:08,085 --> 01:03:11,055
I became a political
military affairs officer
1201
01:03:11,121 --> 01:03:14,091
for sub-Saharan Africa
and Middle East.
1202
01:03:14,158 --> 01:03:17,327
Things were strange
from the very beginning
of my assignment.
1203
01:03:17,394 --> 01:03:21,465
Within a week or so,
it became clear to me
that war was gonna happen.
1204
01:03:21,531 --> 01:03:23,167
This toppling
was going to happen.
1205
01:03:23,233 --> 01:03:24,601
It was just a matter
of bringing
1206
01:03:24,668 --> 01:03:26,003
the American people
up to speed
1207
01:03:26,070 --> 01:03:28,372
and getting them
behind this effort.
1208
01:03:28,438 --> 01:03:30,908
A number of people from
outside of the Pentagon,
1209
01:03:30,975 --> 01:03:33,677
political appointees,
were flowing into our office,
1210
01:03:33,743 --> 01:03:35,779
and they were working
Iraq issues.
1211
01:03:35,846 --> 01:03:37,814
These political appointees
that we had
1212
01:03:37,882 --> 01:03:42,586
came from a very
small set of think tanks.
1213
01:03:42,652 --> 01:03:44,288
DYER: As Eisenhower said,
1214
01:03:44,354 --> 01:03:46,590
the military-industrial
complex is really
three components.
1215
01:03:46,656 --> 01:03:48,725
There is
the military professionals...
1216
01:03:48,792 --> 01:03:52,762
there is defense industry
and there is Congress.
1217
01:03:52,829 --> 01:03:57,968
There is now
a fourth component,
and that is the think tanks.
1218
01:03:58,035 --> 01:04:00,404
CIRINCIONE: You know,
one of the little known
secrets of Washington
1219
01:04:00,470 --> 01:04:03,207
is that policy isn't really
generated very much
1220
01:04:03,273 --> 01:04:05,142
within the policy apparatus.
1221
01:04:05,209 --> 01:04:09,846
A great number of the ideas
come from
outside the government,
1222
01:04:09,914 --> 01:04:14,551
from various think tanks,
like the Project for
the New American Century.
1223
01:04:14,618 --> 01:04:17,454
KRISTOL: Saddam Hussein,
here's the man.
1224
01:04:17,521 --> 01:04:19,456
Here he is, in his box.
1225
01:04:19,523 --> 01:04:21,091
I wouldn't exaggerate
the influence
1226
01:04:21,158 --> 01:04:23,027
of the Project for
the New American Century.
1227
01:04:23,093 --> 01:04:25,595
It's a very small think tank,
but, in some respects,
1228
01:04:25,662 --> 01:04:30,000
we argued for,
I suppose you might say,
elements of the Bush Doctrine
1229
01:04:30,067 --> 01:04:31,768
before the Bush Doctrine
existed
1230
01:04:31,835 --> 01:04:34,104
or before George W. Bush
became president.
1231
01:04:34,171 --> 01:04:37,274
JOHNSON: The group included
principals like Rumsfeld,
1232
01:04:37,341 --> 01:04:39,876
but it also included
a large number of people
1233
01:04:39,944 --> 01:04:42,079
more or less unknown
to the American public.
1234
01:04:42,146 --> 01:04:44,414
And these people
all know each other.
1235
01:04:44,481 --> 01:04:48,152
CIRINCIONE: They had all
worked together before
the Bush administration.
1236
01:04:48,218 --> 01:04:51,588
I used to write speeches
for Don Rumsfeld
in the Pentagon.
1237
01:04:51,655 --> 01:04:55,725
And we came up
with this phrase that,
"Weakness is provocative.
1238
01:04:55,792 --> 01:04:57,127
"Strength deters."
1239
01:04:57,194 --> 01:04:59,529
KRISTOL: Our report on
rebuilding America's defenses
1240
01:04:59,596 --> 01:05:01,031
said, even before
September 11th,
1241
01:05:01,098 --> 01:05:02,699
the defense budget
was too low.
1242
01:05:02,766 --> 01:05:04,401
It looked ahead
to the kinds of wars
1243
01:05:04,468 --> 01:05:06,070
that we've now
ended up fighting
1244
01:05:06,136 --> 01:05:08,338
in Afghanistan and in Iraq.
1245
01:05:08,405 --> 01:05:11,008
DYER: What think tanks do
is come up with
1246
01:05:11,075 --> 01:05:13,877
new rationalizations
and new threats.
1247
01:05:13,944 --> 01:05:15,779
That's what
they're paid to do.
1248
01:05:15,845 --> 01:05:18,983
Iraq, under Saddam Hussein,
was a terrorist state.
1249
01:05:19,049 --> 01:05:21,818
I think Iran
is a terrorist state.
1250
01:05:21,885 --> 01:05:24,188
North Korea is, uh,
a very special problem.
1251
01:05:24,254 --> 01:05:26,090
PERLE: They can build
nuclear weapons
1252
01:05:26,156 --> 01:05:28,125
and they are perfectly
capable of exporting them,
1253
01:05:28,192 --> 01:05:30,060
and we cannot allow that.
1254
01:05:30,127 --> 01:05:32,729
These are states that
not only host
1255
01:05:32,796 --> 01:05:35,299
but in a way fund
international terrorism,
1256
01:05:35,365 --> 01:05:37,567
encourage
international terrorism.
1257
01:05:37,634 --> 01:05:39,569
They have to be eliminated.
1258
01:05:39,636 --> 01:05:43,407
This was almost
completely adopted
by the administration
1259
01:05:43,473 --> 01:05:45,442
in part because
the people who wrote this
1260
01:05:45,509 --> 01:05:47,544
had all been brought
into the administration.
1261
01:05:47,611 --> 01:05:51,548
We must prevent
the terrorists and regimes
who seek chemical,
1262
01:05:51,615 --> 01:05:53,683
biological, or nuclear weapons
1263
01:05:53,750 --> 01:05:55,785
from threatening
the United States.
1264
01:05:55,852 --> 01:05:59,856
It is not at all accidental
that when the President
names our enemies
1265
01:05:59,923 --> 01:06:04,028
in the 2002 State of the Union
message in the axis of evil,
1266
01:06:04,094 --> 01:06:07,697
that it includes Iraq,
Iran, and North Korea.
1267
01:06:07,764 --> 01:06:11,768
So, in a real way,
we have this new phenomenon
1268
01:06:11,835 --> 01:06:14,938
where think tanks
are now an integral part
1269
01:06:15,005 --> 01:06:20,477
of what we used to think of
as the military-industrial
complex.
1270
01:06:20,544 --> 01:06:23,447
KWIATKOWSKI: Eisenhower
may well have been predicting
these people
1271
01:06:23,513 --> 01:06:25,315
when he talked about,
if we didn't keep
1272
01:06:25,382 --> 01:06:27,151
an eye on the
military-industrial complex,
1273
01:06:27,217 --> 01:06:31,421
we would see what he called
a disastrous rise
of misplaced power.
1274
01:06:31,488 --> 01:06:36,826
People making policy
who have zero accountability
to the voter.
1275
01:06:36,893 --> 01:06:41,898
So throughout the summer
something was operating in
the Pentagon that was unique.
1276
01:06:41,965 --> 01:06:45,069
In August of 2002,
it was announced to us
1277
01:06:45,135 --> 01:06:47,171
that all of those folks
that had come in
1278
01:06:47,237 --> 01:06:49,239
and made up this
expanded Iraq desk
1279
01:06:49,306 --> 01:06:51,675
would be called
the Office of Special Plans.
1280
01:06:51,741 --> 01:06:53,877
JOHNSON: The Office of
Special Plans was created
1281
01:06:53,943 --> 01:06:56,580
in the Rumsfeld
Department of Defense
1282
01:06:56,646 --> 01:06:59,516
in order to produce
the intelligence
1283
01:06:59,583 --> 01:07:03,887
that the President
and the Vice President wanted
making an enemy out of Iraq.
1284
01:07:05,822 --> 01:07:09,059
KWIATKOWSKI: The Office
of Special Plans
had one primary job
1285
01:07:09,126 --> 01:07:11,761
and that was to produce
a set of talking points
1286
01:07:11,828 --> 01:07:15,132
on the topic of Iraq,
WMD, and terrorism.
1287
01:07:15,199 --> 01:07:18,568
And we were to use them in
any document that we prepared
1288
01:07:18,635 --> 01:07:21,138
exactly as they were written,
in their entirety.
1289
01:07:21,205 --> 01:07:23,707
We were, all of us,
myself included,
1290
01:07:23,773 --> 01:07:26,943
very familiar with
what the intelligence
was saying about Iraq.
1291
01:07:27,010 --> 01:07:28,912
KWIATKOWSKI: But the problem
was when you'd look at
1292
01:07:28,978 --> 01:07:30,480
what was in
these talking points,
1293
01:07:30,547 --> 01:07:34,418
you could tell
it was designed
to convince the reader
1294
01:07:34,484 --> 01:07:37,287
that Iraq and Saddam Hussein,
specifically,
1295
01:07:37,354 --> 01:07:40,957
constituted a major, serious,
1296
01:07:41,024 --> 01:07:45,529
terrible, evil threat
to not just his neighbors
1297
01:07:45,595 --> 01:07:47,030
but to the United States.
1298
01:07:47,097 --> 01:07:50,634
His regime has the design
for a nuclear weapon,
1299
01:07:50,700 --> 01:07:55,071
was working
on several different methods
of enriching uranium,
1300
01:07:55,139 --> 01:07:56,773
and recently was discovered
1301
01:07:56,840 --> 01:07:59,676
seeking significant
quantities of uranium
from Africa.
1302
01:07:59,743 --> 01:08:01,010
And that would be
the statement.
1303
01:08:01,077 --> 01:08:02,246
"He's actively seeking it.
1304
01:08:02,312 --> 01:08:04,047
"And this is... This means
that he's a danger."
1305
01:08:04,114 --> 01:08:07,751
But the intelligence
actually said
1306
01:08:07,817 --> 01:08:11,255
that Saddam Hussein in
the '80s, in the late '80s,
1307
01:08:11,321 --> 01:08:14,991
actively sought
fissionable materials
in Africa,
1308
01:08:15,058 --> 01:08:19,863
but he hasn't done
anything like that
in the past 12 years.
1309
01:08:19,929 --> 01:08:22,166
The statement, we act like
he did it yesterday.
1310
01:08:22,232 --> 01:08:25,435
Taking bits of intelligence
out of context,
without the qualifiers,
1311
01:08:25,502 --> 01:08:29,339
without the rest of the story,
and placing it as a bullet,
1312
01:08:29,406 --> 01:08:31,908
and presenting it
as if it's a factoid.
1313
01:08:31,975 --> 01:08:34,110
There is no doubt
1314
01:08:34,178 --> 01:08:38,081
that Saddam Hussein now has
weapons of mass destruction.
1315
01:08:38,148 --> 01:08:41,785
And this was given to us,
action officers,
to use in, in papers
1316
01:08:41,851 --> 01:08:43,920
that we would prepare for
our higher-ups,
1317
01:08:43,987 --> 01:08:46,055
to include guys
like Wolfowitz and Rumsfeld.
1318
01:08:46,122 --> 01:08:51,195
The United States knows
that Iraq has weapons
of mass destruction.
1319
01:08:51,261 --> 01:08:54,798
The U.K. knows
that they have weapons
of mass destruction.
1320
01:08:54,864 --> 01:08:56,733
Any country
on the face of the Earth
1321
01:08:56,800 --> 01:08:58,602
with an active
intelligence program
1322
01:08:58,668 --> 01:09:01,971
knows that Iraq has
weapons of mass destruction.
1323
01:09:04,007 --> 01:09:07,010
These guys were manipulating
public opinion,
1324
01:09:07,076 --> 01:09:12,081
okay, creating, uh,
falsehoods and fantasies
1325
01:09:12,148 --> 01:09:15,185
to inspire fear
in the American people
1326
01:09:15,252 --> 01:09:17,421
so that they
could have their war.
1327
01:09:17,487 --> 01:09:19,489
The President
of the United States.
1328
01:09:19,556 --> 01:09:22,726
(PEOPLE CHEERING)
1329
01:09:22,792 --> 01:09:25,495
If war is forced upon us,
1330
01:09:25,562 --> 01:09:28,031
we will fight with
the full force and might
1331
01:09:28,097 --> 01:09:30,066
of the United States military,
1332
01:09:30,133 --> 01:09:32,236
and we will prevail.
1333
01:09:32,302 --> 01:09:33,670
(ALL APPLAUDING)
1334
01:09:37,441 --> 01:09:41,010
Evidence from
intelligence sources,
secret communications,
1335
01:09:41,077 --> 01:09:43,580
and statements
by people now in custody,
1336
01:09:43,647 --> 01:09:47,217
reveal that
Saddam Hussein aids
and protects terrorists,
1337
01:09:48,318 --> 01:09:50,687
including members
of Al Qaeda.
1338
01:09:50,754 --> 01:09:55,024
SEKZER: I remembered
when I was in Vietnam,
we used to get requests,
1339
01:09:55,091 --> 01:09:58,595
"Can you put my father
or my son's name
1340
01:09:58,662 --> 01:10:02,766
"on the side of
the helicopter?
Can you put it on a rocket?"
1341
01:10:02,832 --> 01:10:05,569
I said, "You know what?
1342
01:10:05,635 --> 01:10:08,572
"That's--That's a good idea.
I'm gonna do that.
1343
01:10:09,473 --> 01:10:11,475
"I'm gonna try to do that."
1344
01:10:11,541 --> 01:10:15,745
SEKZER: So I sent out
emails to the Secretary
of all the Armed Forces.
1345
01:10:15,812 --> 01:10:18,582
"I'm a retired New York City
Police Department Sergeant,
1346
01:10:18,648 --> 01:10:20,984
"and a proud Vietnam veteran.
1347
01:10:21,050 --> 01:10:24,588
"I lost my son on 9/11.
1348
01:10:24,654 --> 01:10:28,157
"I can't tell you in words
what his loss means to me.
1349
01:10:28,224 --> 01:10:30,594
"I would respectfully request
1350
01:10:30,660 --> 01:10:34,998
"if you could put his name
on some piece of armament
1351
01:10:35,064 --> 01:10:36,833
"in the Iraq war."
1352
01:10:36,900 --> 01:10:38,702
You know,
we haven't caught bin Laden,
1353
01:10:38,768 --> 01:10:40,670
but, you know,
let's do something here.
1354
01:10:40,737 --> 01:10:42,306
Who is responsible?
1355
01:10:42,372 --> 01:10:44,274
Come on. Let's hit him.
1356
01:10:44,341 --> 01:10:47,043
Iraq was responsible.
Good, let's go.
1357
01:10:47,110 --> 01:10:49,346
You say Iraq?
Let's go. Let's get in there.
1358
01:10:49,413 --> 01:10:52,349
Let's kick the hell
out of them.
1359
01:10:52,416 --> 01:10:56,553
It turns out
it's not that hard
to get a country to go to war.
1360
01:10:56,620 --> 01:10:59,389
CIRINCIONE: That even in
a country like
the United States
1361
01:10:59,456 --> 01:11:01,591
where there is
freedom of information
1362
01:11:01,658 --> 01:11:03,527
and multiple media channels,
1363
01:11:03,593 --> 01:11:07,030
that an administration
can just dominate the debate,
1364
01:11:07,096 --> 01:11:09,299
dominate the argument.
1365
01:11:09,366 --> 01:11:13,036
LEWIS: We have this idea
that we have lots of
information available.
1366
01:11:13,102 --> 01:11:17,407
There's so much
that's not available,
and so much of the "truth"
1367
01:11:17,474 --> 01:11:19,776
is obscured
by political actors
1368
01:11:19,843 --> 01:11:22,278
who don't want the world to
see what they're doing.
1369
01:11:22,346 --> 01:11:25,949
Needless to say,
the President is correct.
1370
01:11:26,015 --> 01:11:28,184
(ALL LAUGHING)
1371
01:11:29,453 --> 01:11:32,856
But what's going on,
I'm sorry to say,
1372
01:11:32,922 --> 01:11:37,594
is a belief that the public
doesn't need to know.
1373
01:11:37,661 --> 01:11:39,195
WOMAN: ...policy is?
1374
01:11:39,262 --> 01:11:41,665
I'm--I'm working my way
over to figuring out
1375
01:11:41,731 --> 01:11:43,266
how I won't answer that.
1376
01:11:43,333 --> 01:11:44,668
(ALL LAUGHING)
1377
01:11:44,734 --> 01:11:47,236
RATHER: Limiting access,
limiting information
1378
01:11:47,303 --> 01:11:51,408
to cover the backsides
of those who are
in charge of the war
1379
01:11:51,475 --> 01:11:56,079
is extremely dangerous
and cannot and shouldn't
be accepted.
1380
01:11:56,145 --> 01:11:57,914
And I'm sorry to say
that up to
1381
01:11:57,981 --> 01:12:00,216
and including the moment
of this interview
1382
01:12:00,283 --> 01:12:02,819
that overwhelmingly
it has been accepted.
1383
01:12:02,886 --> 01:12:06,155
KWIATKOWSKI: The Pentagon
for many years now,
since Vietnam,
1384
01:12:06,222 --> 01:12:10,026
has worked extremely hard
at shaping news
1385
01:12:10,093 --> 01:12:11,895
and how the media
reports that news.
1386
01:12:11,961 --> 01:12:15,632
We train people
to say certain things
in a certain way.
1387
01:12:15,699 --> 01:12:18,502
Our defeat and humiliation
in South Vietnam...
1388
01:12:18,568 --> 01:12:23,106
JOHNSON: What they learned
from Vietnam above all
was that they lost the war
1389
01:12:23,172 --> 01:12:27,110
because they
couldn't keep it private
from the American public.
1390
01:12:27,176 --> 01:12:31,180
LEWIS: After the Vietnam War,
the Pentagon began studying
1391
01:12:31,247 --> 01:12:33,216
how can we make sure
there are no more
1392
01:12:33,282 --> 01:12:35,218
body bags in
American living rooms?
1393
01:12:35,284 --> 01:12:39,889
And we must find a way
to no longer allow
reporters in the field
1394
01:12:39,956 --> 01:12:42,025
to actually see death.
1395
01:12:42,091 --> 01:12:43,627
JOHNSON: You get to
the Iraq war
1396
01:12:43,693 --> 01:12:46,029
when they're discovering
this new typical
1397
01:12:46,095 --> 01:12:47,831
Pentagon jargon
called "embedding."
1398
01:12:47,897 --> 01:12:50,199
Heavy gunfire coming from
the tops of the building.
1399
01:12:50,266 --> 01:12:52,035
We've gotten to know
these Marines very well.
1400
01:12:52,101 --> 01:12:53,336
We--We do live with them.
1401
01:12:53,403 --> 01:12:55,004
We eat with them.
We travel with them.
1402
01:12:55,071 --> 01:12:58,374
But I--I have, I think,
remained objective.
1403
01:12:58,442 --> 01:13:00,810
LEWIS: Embedded coverage
had flags and banners,
1404
01:13:00,877 --> 01:13:03,880
but no one was actually
finding out the truth
about the reasons,
1405
01:13:03,947 --> 01:13:05,749
the rationales, for going in.
1406
01:13:05,815 --> 01:13:07,417
I have great respect
for the media.
1407
01:13:07,484 --> 01:13:12,088
I mean, our, our society
is a good, uh, solid democracy
1408
01:13:12,155 --> 01:13:15,124
because of a good,
solid media.
1409
01:13:15,191 --> 01:13:17,026
But I also understand
that a lot of times
1410
01:13:17,093 --> 01:13:19,328
there's opinions
mixed in with news.
1411
01:13:19,395 --> 01:13:20,630
We won't disagree
with that, sir.
1412
01:13:20,697 --> 01:13:22,131
LEWIS: Let's just
really be honest.
1413
01:13:22,198 --> 01:13:25,469
Reporters
and news organizations
need access to power.
1414
01:13:25,535 --> 01:13:26,936
LEWIS: They need
the President.
1415
01:13:27,003 --> 01:13:28,505
They need
the Defense Secretary.
1416
01:13:28,572 --> 01:13:30,540
They need these people
to speak,
1417
01:13:30,607 --> 01:13:33,042
to be on camera,
to do interviews.
1418
01:13:33,109 --> 01:13:35,044
What you have
is a miniature version
1419
01:13:35,111 --> 01:13:37,280
of what you have
in totalitarian states.
1420
01:13:37,346 --> 01:13:40,183
They produce films about
how great the great leader is
1421
01:13:40,249 --> 01:13:44,153
and how he's getting greater
in every way, every day.
1422
01:13:44,220 --> 01:13:48,758
PRESIDENT BUSH JR.: There will
be a day of reckoning
for the Iraqi regime,
1423
01:13:48,825 --> 01:13:51,127
and that day is drawing near.
1424
01:13:51,194 --> 01:13:53,196
(PEOPLE CHEERING)
1425
01:13:53,262 --> 01:13:56,299
MAN: Ladies and gentlemen,
the United States
Army Chorale.
1426
01:13:57,366 --> 01:13:59,936
* Another day is dawning
1427
01:14:00,003 --> 01:14:03,139
* In America
1428
01:14:03,206 --> 01:14:08,344
* From coast to coast,
our spirit shines
right through *
1429
01:14:08,411 --> 01:14:13,750
Saddam Hussein and his sons
must leave Iraq
within 48 hours.
1430
01:14:13,817 --> 01:14:17,420
PRESIDENT BUSH JR.:
Their refusal to do so will
result in military conflict
1431
01:14:17,487 --> 01:14:20,724
commenced at a time
of our choosing.
1432
01:14:20,790 --> 01:14:23,527
* So don't stop
1433
01:14:23,593 --> 01:14:26,730
* Believing in
what we stand for *
1434
01:14:26,796 --> 01:14:28,397
* What we stand for
1435
01:14:28,464 --> 01:14:29,899
* Don't stop
1436
01:14:29,966 --> 01:14:33,169
* Believing in America
1437
01:14:33,236 --> 01:14:34,370
* Believe
1438
01:14:34,437 --> 01:14:35,539
* Believe
1439
01:14:35,605 --> 01:14:37,473
* Here's to America
1440
01:14:37,541 --> 01:14:39,843
* We truly are
the land of the free *
1441
01:14:39,909 --> 01:14:41,010
* Of the free
1442
01:14:41,077 --> 01:14:42,612
* The free, the free,
the free *
1443
01:14:42,679 --> 01:14:46,516
* Here's to America,
our spirit will be free *
1444
01:14:46,583 --> 01:14:48,184
* It will be free
1445
01:14:48,251 --> 01:14:51,821
* It's in the hearts
of people everywhere *
1446
01:14:51,888 --> 01:14:54,924
* The true American dream
1447
01:14:54,991 --> 01:14:57,193
* Here's to America
1448
01:14:57,260 --> 01:15:00,930
* Here's to America
1449
01:15:00,997 --> 01:15:05,501
* Here's to America
1450
01:15:05,569 --> 01:15:08,071
* Land of the free *
1451
01:15:11,608 --> 01:15:13,509
SOLOMON: I've only got
nine days left,
1452
01:15:13,577 --> 01:15:16,512
and I, I'd rather
spend as much time
with my friends as possible.
1453
01:15:16,580 --> 01:15:17,947
Get all my stuff in storage,
1454
01:15:18,014 --> 01:15:20,650
'cause there's still
a few items
I gotta put in storage.
1455
01:15:20,717 --> 01:15:24,253
Except for this TV,
a couple of weights there,
and this right here,
1456
01:15:24,320 --> 01:15:27,256
this hammer and
this Snoopy soap thing
1457
01:15:27,323 --> 01:15:29,759
I've had since
before I can remember.
1458
01:15:29,826 --> 01:15:31,427
That's just stuff
I wanna put in storage
1459
01:15:31,494 --> 01:15:34,030
'cause of its
sentimental value.
1460
01:15:34,097 --> 01:15:35,632
I never really
had that many feelings
1461
01:15:35,699 --> 01:15:37,200
for the place
except for the fact that
1462
01:15:37,266 --> 01:15:39,402
my mom lived in it
for a while,
1463
01:15:39,468 --> 01:15:41,204
but my mom
ain't here anymore.
1464
01:15:41,270 --> 01:15:44,473
So all the, all the feelings
I had associated
with that place
1465
01:15:44,540 --> 01:15:47,611
went away along with my mom.
1466
01:15:47,677 --> 01:15:49,613
There was a point
where I almost
1467
01:15:49,679 --> 01:15:51,681
blamed myself
for my mom's passing.
1468
01:15:51,748 --> 01:15:53,817
I'm handing over the keys.
1469
01:15:53,883 --> 01:15:56,185
SOLOMON: Because she so
didn't want me to go
into the service.
1470
01:15:56,252 --> 01:15:58,021
I had spoken
with her about it.
1471
01:15:58,087 --> 01:15:59,488
And said,
"If anything goes wrong,
1472
01:15:59,555 --> 01:16:01,357
"I'm gonna have to
go into the service."
1473
01:16:01,424 --> 01:16:02,892
I told her. I told her that.
1474
01:16:02,959 --> 01:16:05,294
If anythings go wrong...
If anything goes wrong,
1475
01:16:05,361 --> 01:16:07,764
if you pass away,
I'm gonna have to go
into the service,
1476
01:16:07,831 --> 01:16:09,432
because, as it is,
I can't take care
1477
01:16:09,498 --> 01:16:11,835
of myself, normally,
in the civilian world.
1478
01:16:11,901 --> 01:16:13,803
But what I'm gonna
miss the most, like, just
1479
01:16:13,870 --> 01:16:15,438
a normal day sitting down
with your friends,
1480
01:16:15,504 --> 01:16:16,673
'cause that's not
what I'm gonna get
1481
01:16:16,740 --> 01:16:17,774
for months
on end at a stretch.
1482
01:16:17,841 --> 01:16:19,909
That I'm gonna miss,
1483
01:16:19,976 --> 01:16:21,310
and this view right here.
1484
01:16:21,377 --> 01:16:22,979
This view looking
outside the window,
1485
01:16:23,046 --> 01:16:25,014
I been seeing this since,
like, 1990.
1486
01:16:25,081 --> 01:16:28,985
I used... You know,
I used to hate this view.
I think somehow I still do,
1487
01:16:29,052 --> 01:16:32,588
but it's strange to think
I might actually miss it.
Probably not.
1488
01:16:32,656 --> 01:16:36,192
It's just buildings.
It's my friends
that I'm gonna miss.
1489
01:16:36,259 --> 01:16:37,493
KWIATKOWSKI: I have two sons,
1490
01:16:37,560 --> 01:16:39,562
and I will allow
none of my children
1491
01:16:39,629 --> 01:16:41,564
to serve in
the United States military.
1492
01:16:41,631 --> 01:16:43,066
If you join the military now,
1493
01:16:43,132 --> 01:16:46,202
you are not defending
the United States of America.
1494
01:16:46,269 --> 01:16:51,574
You are, uh, helping, uh,
certain policymakers
pursue an imperial agenda.
1495
01:16:51,641 --> 01:16:55,912
(CROWD CHANTING)
1496
01:16:55,979 --> 01:16:59,749
JOHNSON: In February of 2003,
10 million people
around the world
1497
01:16:59,816 --> 01:17:03,319
marched to demonstrate
against the war in Iraq,
1498
01:17:03,386 --> 01:17:05,488
the largest demonstrations
in British history.
1499
01:17:05,554 --> 01:17:08,858
Two million in London,
400,000 in New York City,
1500
01:17:08,925 --> 01:17:12,762
a million each in
Berlin, Madrid, Rome.
1501
01:17:12,829 --> 01:17:14,898
BYRD: On this February day,
1502
01:17:14,964 --> 01:17:18,768
as this nation stands
at the brink of battle,
1503
01:17:18,835 --> 01:17:21,404
every American on some level
1504
01:17:21,470 --> 01:17:24,340
must be contemplating
the horrors of war.
1505
01:17:25,474 --> 01:17:30,079
And yet this chamber is,
for the most part,
1506
01:17:30,914 --> 01:17:34,751
ominously, ominously,
1507
01:17:35,952 --> 01:17:37,854
dreadfully silent.
1508
01:17:39,823 --> 01:17:42,692
You can hear a pin drop.
Listen.
1509
01:17:45,494 --> 01:17:47,931
There is no debate.
1510
01:17:47,997 --> 01:17:50,366
There is no attempt
to lay out for the nation
1511
01:17:50,433 --> 01:17:54,337
the pros and cons
of this particular war.
1512
01:17:54,403 --> 01:17:58,007
KWIATKOWSKI: We have
a Congress that failed
in every way
1513
01:17:58,074 --> 01:18:02,245
to ask the right questions,
to hold the President
to account.
1514
01:18:02,311 --> 01:18:04,013
Our Congress
failed us miserably,
1515
01:18:04,080 --> 01:18:06,015
and that's because
many in Congress
1516
01:18:06,082 --> 01:18:08,084
are beholden to the
military-industrial complex.
1517
01:18:08,151 --> 01:18:10,486
CIRINCIONE: I would think
Eisenhower, you know,
1518
01:18:10,553 --> 01:18:12,922
must be rolling over
in his grave.
1519
01:18:12,989 --> 01:18:15,224
In some ways, the
military-industrial complex
1520
01:18:15,291 --> 01:18:19,528
may have become so pervasive
that it is now invisible.
1521
01:18:19,595 --> 01:18:22,265
This is about, you know,
ideas and influence
1522
01:18:22,331 --> 01:18:25,234
and what's safe
for your career.
1523
01:18:25,301 --> 01:18:28,037
Being seen in opposition
1524
01:18:28,104 --> 01:18:31,975
to strong defense policies
is a liability,
1525
01:18:32,041 --> 01:18:34,978
not just for a politician
who wants to run for president
1526
01:18:35,044 --> 01:18:38,314
but for an expert who wants to
make a name in town,
1527
01:18:38,381 --> 01:18:40,716
for a journalist who wants to
get his or her story
1528
01:18:40,784 --> 01:18:44,087
on the front page
of the paper.
1529
01:18:44,153 --> 01:18:48,257
In this way, restricting
the level of discussion
1530
01:18:48,324 --> 01:18:51,594
to this, this rush for war.
1531
01:18:51,660 --> 01:18:54,831
Mr. Vice President,
do you think the American
people are prepared
1532
01:18:54,898 --> 01:18:58,802
for a long, costly,
and bloody battle?
1533
01:18:58,868 --> 01:19:01,404
I don't...
I don't think it's likely
to unfold that way, Tim,
1534
01:19:01,470 --> 01:19:04,774
because I really do believe
we will be greeted
as liberators.
1535
01:19:11,480 --> 01:19:16,752
TOOMEY: I was just starting
to--to see the creepings
of the sun coming up.
1536
01:19:16,820 --> 01:19:19,755
As we approached the city,
a low deck of clouds
showed up.
1537
01:19:19,823 --> 01:19:21,457
Uh, in the past
that had been a bad thing,
1538
01:19:21,524 --> 01:19:24,160
'cause in the F-117
we drop laser-guided bombs.
1539
01:19:24,227 --> 01:19:27,063
So if you can't see
your target,
you can't drop a bomb on it.
1540
01:19:27,130 --> 01:19:30,233
Uh, this day I had
the Enhanced GBU,
and now I was kind of happy.
1541
01:19:30,299 --> 01:19:31,801
They couldn't see me.
I couldn't see them.
1542
01:19:31,868 --> 01:19:34,103
But my bombs could find
a spot on the ground.
1543
01:19:34,170 --> 01:19:37,306
MAN: But still,
extraordinarily,
people heading towards work.
1544
01:19:37,373 --> 01:19:40,109
One or two cars
are actually racing past me.
1545
01:19:40,176 --> 01:19:42,678
They know things
are going to happen now.
1546
01:19:42,745 --> 01:19:44,981
TOOMEY: The target area
was called Dora Farms.
1547
01:19:45,048 --> 01:19:48,717
It was
a presidential-type palace
along the side of a river.
1548
01:19:48,784 --> 01:19:51,754
I see the river.
I know I'm in a right part
of the town
1549
01:19:51,821 --> 01:19:54,257
where I was told that
I need to deliver the bomb.
1550
01:19:54,323 --> 01:19:57,493
WOMAN: Let's just
have a look at the, uh,
scenes live from Baghdad.
1551
01:19:57,560 --> 01:19:59,228
MAN: Air raid sirens.
1552
01:19:59,295 --> 01:20:03,099
WOMAN: Air raid sirens
are being sounded
in the Iraqi capital.
1553
01:20:03,166 --> 01:20:04,400
TOOMEY: Pressed in
across the target,
1554
01:20:04,467 --> 01:20:07,403
I think, our time
over target was about 0530.
1555
01:20:07,470 --> 01:20:10,206
HOEHN: And so I let
the bombs go, let them rip.
1556
01:20:10,273 --> 01:20:12,808
MAN: You can hear those
air raid sirens howling...
1557
01:20:12,876 --> 01:20:14,777
(EXPLOSIONS)
1558
01:20:14,844 --> 01:20:17,546
MAN: So now things do
seem to be heating up.
1559
01:20:19,515 --> 01:20:22,785
We dropped four enhanced GBU
2,000 pound bunker busters,
1560
01:20:22,852 --> 01:20:24,120
satellite-guided.
1561
01:20:24,187 --> 01:20:26,055
(EXPLOSIONS)
1562
01:20:26,122 --> 01:20:29,292
MAN 3: There's a
large explosion.
1563
01:20:29,358 --> 01:20:31,227
They both came off,
seemed to come off.
1564
01:20:31,294 --> 01:20:33,196
I didn't notice anything
adverse about it.
1565
01:20:33,262 --> 01:20:34,730
I'd dropped bombs before.
1566
01:20:34,797 --> 01:20:36,532
When the weapons
fell out of the airplane,
1567
01:20:36,599 --> 01:20:40,369
I realized that this is
the opening strike
of Operation Iraqi Freedom.
1568
01:20:40,436 --> 01:20:42,771
And I said, "Well,
if we did our job tonight,
1569
01:20:42,838 --> 01:20:45,641
"this whole thing
might be over tomorrow."
1570
01:20:45,708 --> 01:20:48,244
(PEOPLE CHATTERING
IN ARABIC)
1571
01:20:48,311 --> 01:20:50,046
(SIREN WAILING)
1572
01:20:59,755 --> 01:21:01,891
(ALL CHATTERING)
1573
01:21:03,326 --> 01:21:07,196
(HOWLING)
1574
01:21:07,263 --> 01:21:11,134
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
1575
01:21:36,625 --> 01:21:38,461
There's no question
but that the strike
1576
01:21:38,527 --> 01:21:40,429
on, on that, um,
leadership headquarters
1577
01:21:40,496 --> 01:21:41,897
was successful.
1578
01:21:41,965 --> 01:21:44,767
We have photographs
of what took place.
1579
01:21:44,833 --> 01:21:46,970
MAN: The mystery
of what happened begins here
1580
01:21:47,036 --> 01:21:50,006
at a palace compound
called Dora Farm.
1581
01:21:50,073 --> 01:21:51,975
One weapon clearly missed.
1582
01:21:52,041 --> 01:21:55,744
Others landed just
outside the wall,
destroying other buildings.
1583
01:21:56,612 --> 01:21:59,382
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
1584
01:22:01,917 --> 01:22:04,553
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
1585
01:22:18,101 --> 01:22:22,471
SEKZER: I think I was
reading something
about the bombing in Iraq,
1586
01:22:22,538 --> 01:22:25,774
and, uh, I get this email.
1587
01:22:25,841 --> 01:22:28,077
SEKZER: To Major
Thomas V. Johnson
1588
01:22:28,144 --> 01:22:30,613
from Lieutenant Commander
Stephen Franzoni.
1589
01:22:30,679 --> 01:22:33,816
The private to the corporal
to the captain to this, all...
1590
01:22:33,882 --> 01:22:36,952
Must have been,
like, 42 emails,
1591
01:22:37,020 --> 01:22:40,456
and some of them were saying,
"Oh, I don't know
if we can do this."
1592
01:22:40,523 --> 01:22:43,692
SEKZER: "Sirs,
normally we do not take
personal requests."
1593
01:22:43,759 --> 01:22:45,694
"Son died on 9/11,
wants to know
1594
01:22:45,761 --> 01:22:47,696
if we could put name
on bomb."
1595
01:22:47,763 --> 01:22:49,765
Passing it up,
"Harry, this is Jerry.
1596
01:22:49,832 --> 01:22:52,001
"Do you think
we can do something
like that?"
1597
01:22:52,068 --> 01:22:54,403
"Joe, Fairly easy,
don't you think?"
1598
01:22:54,470 --> 01:22:56,872
SEKZER: "Well,
we'll look into it.
Let me go ask Harry."
1599
01:22:56,939 --> 01:23:00,343
And you read this
whole list of emails.
1600
01:23:00,409 --> 01:23:03,279
SEKZER: "Sorry for the delay,
but business is booming.
1601
01:23:03,346 --> 01:23:06,215
"The weapons don't stay still
long enough to write
on them."
1602
01:23:06,282 --> 01:23:08,717
And finally, it goes to
1603
01:23:08,784 --> 01:23:12,188
uh, this Marine,
uh, Air Division.
1604
01:23:12,255 --> 01:23:14,190
"Can do. Semper fi."
1605
01:23:14,257 --> 01:23:15,458
Boom, boom, boom.
1606
01:23:15,524 --> 01:23:18,761
I get back the pictures.
1607
01:23:18,827 --> 01:23:21,797
SEKZER: I'm looking
at the picture, I'm saying,
"Holy smokes."
1608
01:23:21,864 --> 01:23:24,867
There's a picture of a bomb
1609
01:23:24,933 --> 01:23:28,404
and then a close-up of
the same bomb
and on the side of it...
1610
01:23:28,471 --> 01:23:31,207
"In loving memory
of Jason Sekzer."
1611
01:23:31,274 --> 01:23:36,245
And the story that this is
a 2,000-pound guided bomb
1612
01:23:36,312 --> 01:23:39,915
and that it was dropped
on April 1st,
1613
01:23:39,982 --> 01:23:45,621
and it met with, uh,
100% success.
1614
01:23:45,688 --> 01:23:50,326
The weapons
that are being used today
have a degree of precision
1615
01:23:50,393 --> 01:23:53,762
that no one ever dreamt of
in a prior conflict.
1616
01:23:55,998 --> 01:23:59,268
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
1617
01:24:02,971 --> 01:24:04,807
JOHNSON: For a long time
the American military
1618
01:24:04,873 --> 01:24:06,675
has been emphasizing
this idea
1619
01:24:06,742 --> 01:24:08,911
of precision-guided munitions,
1620
01:24:08,977 --> 01:24:14,049
that we can now wage war
and prevent casualties
to civilians.
1621
01:24:14,117 --> 01:24:15,584
JOHNSON: It simply isn't true.
1622
01:24:15,651 --> 01:24:17,286
The bombs
aren't that reliable.
1623
01:24:17,353 --> 01:24:19,922
The precision guidance
isn't that good.
1624
01:24:19,988 --> 01:24:23,092
I would say, is there
a personal computer owner
on Earth
1625
01:24:23,159 --> 01:24:26,095
who has not had
his machine bomb on him
1626
01:24:26,162 --> 01:24:27,930
or lose his work that day?
1627
01:24:27,996 --> 01:24:30,733
There's not a one
who hasn't had
that experience.
1628
01:24:39,708 --> 01:24:41,944
Now the
military-industrial complex
1629
01:24:42,010 --> 01:24:44,680
has handily provided
these guys
with all sorts of weapons
1630
01:24:44,747 --> 01:24:47,216
and, basically,
a level of technical arrogance
1631
01:24:47,283 --> 01:24:49,952
that, "We can go
do anything we want
'cause we got smart weapons
1632
01:24:50,018 --> 01:24:53,289
"that do the job
with a minimum
of collateral damage."
1633
01:24:53,356 --> 01:24:55,891
But it's BS as far
as I'm concerned.
1634
01:25:09,205 --> 01:25:12,408
(MAN SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
1635
01:25:19,848 --> 01:25:22,885
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
1636
01:25:45,441 --> 01:25:48,677
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
1637
01:26:02,691 --> 01:26:06,229
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
1638
01:26:16,405 --> 01:26:17,973
TOOMEY: It still seems
like a dream to me.
1639
01:26:18,040 --> 01:26:19,408
I mean,
we tell the story about it,
1640
01:26:19,475 --> 01:26:20,976
and we'd sit down
and talk with your kids,
1641
01:26:21,043 --> 01:26:23,111
and, uh, you get some
tough questions.
1642
01:26:23,178 --> 01:26:24,980
You get asked
by your daughter, "Did you
1643
01:26:25,047 --> 01:26:26,882
go out and, uh, and try
to kill Saddam Hussein?"
1644
01:26:26,949 --> 01:26:29,452
And that's a tough one to
answer to a little kid.
1645
01:26:29,518 --> 01:26:32,688
When we saw him on TV, sure,
one side of me said,
1646
01:26:32,755 --> 01:26:36,024
"You know,
I guess we didn't get him."
But in the end we got him.
1647
01:26:36,091 --> 01:26:38,126
How many times in a lifetime
1648
01:26:38,193 --> 01:26:41,464
does an individual
get the opportunity
1649
01:26:41,530 --> 01:26:43,232
to take the opening shots
1650
01:26:44,600 --> 01:26:48,604
in a conflict that will
liberate a people?
1651
01:26:55,043 --> 01:26:59,615
Two minutes
till death and destruction!
1652
01:26:59,682 --> 01:27:02,718
* Shadows are falling
1653
01:27:02,785 --> 01:27:05,087
* And I've been here all day
1654
01:27:08,424 --> 01:27:10,559
* It's too hot to sleep
1655
01:27:11,927 --> 01:27:14,663
* The time is running away
1656
01:27:18,200 --> 01:27:23,372
* Feel like my soul
has turned into steel *
1657
01:27:23,439 --> 01:27:24,873
MAN 1: He's faking
he's fucking dead!
1658
01:27:24,940 --> 01:27:27,743
(GUN FIRES)
MAN 2: Yeah, he is playing...
1659
01:27:27,810 --> 01:27:29,278
* I've still got the scars
1660
01:27:29,345 --> 01:27:30,446
You got a weapon?
1661
01:27:30,513 --> 01:27:32,948
* That the sun didn't heal
1662
01:27:33,015 --> 01:27:34,917
Jesus Christ! Fuck!
1663
01:27:37,085 --> 01:27:38,454
* There's not even
room enough *
1664
01:27:38,521 --> 01:27:40,589
Get up! Stay on there.
1665
01:27:40,656 --> 01:27:44,293
* To be anywhere
1666
01:27:44,360 --> 01:27:47,162
So let there be no doubt
that the liberation of Iraq...
1667
01:27:47,229 --> 01:27:49,665
* It's not dark yet
1668
01:27:49,732 --> 01:27:51,734
* But it's getting there
1669
01:27:51,800 --> 01:27:54,069
MAN: ...how we defend our
country in the 21st century.
1670
01:27:54,136 --> 01:27:56,372
MAN: Four more U.S. troops
lost their lives
today in Iraq.
1671
01:27:56,439 --> 01:27:57,973
The only son I had.
1672
01:27:58,040 --> 01:28:00,142
RATHER: With U.S. casualties
mounting in Iraq...
1673
01:28:00,208 --> 01:28:01,577
* It's not dark yet
1674
01:28:01,644 --> 01:28:02,978
WOMAN: Smart bombs
exploded and too much blood
1675
01:28:03,045 --> 01:28:04,146
was shed there today
on a horrific scale.
1676
01:28:04,212 --> 01:28:06,315
* But it's getting there *
1677
01:28:06,382 --> 01:28:08,116
MAN: Under fire
from critics who charge
1678
01:28:08,183 --> 01:28:11,086
he's been blurring the lines
between Iraq and 9/11,
1679
01:28:11,153 --> 01:28:13,889
President Bush was forced
to clarify yesterday.
1680
01:28:13,956 --> 01:28:15,758
W-W-We've had no evidence
1681
01:28:15,824 --> 01:28:19,094
that Saddam Hussein
was involved with
September the 11th.
1682
01:28:19,161 --> 01:28:21,664
Now, what the Vice President
said was, is that he has...
1683
01:28:21,730 --> 01:28:23,265
SEKZER: What did he just say?
1684
01:28:23,332 --> 01:28:25,468
I mean, I almost
jumped out of the chair.
1685
01:28:25,534 --> 01:28:28,737
"I don't know
where people got the idea
1686
01:28:28,804 --> 01:28:32,341
"that I connected
Iraq to 9/11."
1687
01:28:32,408 --> 01:28:33,809
What is he, nuts or what?
1688
01:28:33,876 --> 01:28:35,511
What the hell
did we go in there for?
1689
01:28:35,578 --> 01:28:37,513
SEKZER: We're getting back
for 9/11.
1690
01:28:37,580 --> 01:28:39,715
Well, if he didn't have
anything to do with 9/11,
1691
01:28:39,782 --> 01:28:41,049
why are we going in there?
1692
01:28:41,116 --> 01:28:42,785
I--I was mad.
1693
01:28:42,851 --> 01:28:44,687
I was mad.
1694
01:28:44,753 --> 01:28:47,890
My first thought is,
you know,
"You're--You're a liar."
1695
01:28:53,829 --> 01:28:55,564
SEKZER: I'm--I'm from
the old school.
1696
01:28:55,631 --> 01:28:58,133
Certain people walk on water.
1697
01:28:58,200 --> 01:29:00,736
The President
of the United States
is one of them.
1698
01:29:00,803 --> 01:29:03,706
If I can't trust the President
of the United States,
1699
01:29:04,540 --> 01:29:06,575
I don't know.
1700
01:29:06,642 --> 01:29:10,646
It's a terrible thing
when American citizens
can't trust their president.
1701
01:29:10,713 --> 01:29:13,649
You begin to wonder
what the hell is
with the whole system.
1702
01:29:13,716 --> 01:29:16,819
There's something wrong
with the entire system.
1703
01:29:22,224 --> 01:29:25,928
The government exploited
my feelings of patriotism,
1704
01:29:25,994 --> 01:29:29,532
of a deep desire for,
uh, revenge
1705
01:29:30,499 --> 01:29:32,668
for what happened to my son.
1706
01:29:34,269 --> 01:29:39,508
But I was so insane
with wanting to get even,
1707
01:29:39,575 --> 01:29:42,044
I was willing
to believe anything.
1708
01:29:47,716 --> 01:29:52,320
Undoubtedly, there are people
who may listen
to my statements
1709
01:29:54,022 --> 01:29:56,158
and think that I'm no good,
that I'm an SOB,
1710
01:29:56,224 --> 01:29:58,461
I'm a warmonger, I'm this,
I'm that, whatever.
1711
01:29:58,527 --> 01:30:00,095
I should never have put
my son's name on it.
1712
01:30:00,162 --> 01:30:03,031
I should be ashamed that I put
my son's name on it.
1713
01:30:04,433 --> 01:30:05,934
(SIGHING)
1714
01:30:06,001 --> 01:30:10,639
Am I sorry I asked
for my son's name
to be put on the bomb?
1715
01:30:13,175 --> 01:30:14,943
No.
1716
01:30:15,010 --> 01:30:18,781
Because I acted
under the conditions
at that time.
1717
01:30:20,048 --> 01:30:21,249
Was it wrong?
1718
01:30:21,316 --> 01:30:24,319
Yeah, it was wrong,
but I didn't know that.
1719
01:30:24,386 --> 01:30:27,355
So is it regrettable?
1720
01:30:30,693 --> 01:30:32,127
(SIGHING)
1721
01:30:43,038 --> 01:30:45,708
(SOLDIER CHATTERING)
1722
01:30:45,774 --> 01:30:46,809
(SHOUTS)
1723
01:30:51,714 --> 01:30:53,448
KWIATKOWSKI:
The reason we're in Iraq,
1724
01:30:53,516 --> 01:30:56,184
first off, has,
has not honestly been told
to the American people.
1725
01:30:56,251 --> 01:30:57,753
It certainly
had nothing to do
1726
01:30:57,820 --> 01:30:59,254
with the liberation
of the Iraqi people.
1727
01:30:59,321 --> 01:31:01,056
It was never
part of the agenda,
1728
01:31:01,123 --> 01:31:03,391
and it's not part
of the agenda now.
1729
01:31:03,458 --> 01:31:07,029
JOHNSON: We know we did not
have an exit strategy
in the invasion of Iraq,
1730
01:31:07,095 --> 01:31:08,764
because we didn't
intend to leave.
1731
01:31:08,831 --> 01:31:10,332
We are in the process,
right now,
1732
01:31:10,398 --> 01:31:15,003
of building 14
permanent bases in Iraq.
1733
01:31:15,070 --> 01:31:20,008
LEWIS: There is this
incredible hubris, right now,
that we are invincible
1734
01:31:20,075 --> 01:31:24,012
and we are
the pre-eminent power
on planet Earth.
1735
01:31:24,079 --> 01:31:27,315
American power
and American empire
1736
01:31:27,382 --> 01:31:31,554
is actually flaunted
in people's faces
around the world,
1737
01:31:31,620 --> 01:31:34,590
where we rub
our--our shoe in their face
1738
01:31:34,657 --> 01:31:37,526
and tell them
that we are top dog.
1739
01:31:37,593 --> 01:31:38,894
MAN 1: Get down now!
MAN 2: Head down!
1740
01:31:38,961 --> 01:31:40,829
LEWIS: And you will
work with us,
1741
01:31:40,896 --> 01:31:44,833
because you sure as hell
don't wanna be against us.
1742
01:31:44,900 --> 01:31:48,604
The world has changed,
and we're not going back
to where we were.
1743
01:31:48,671 --> 01:31:52,941
I--I find one of the
sillier ideas is the notion,
1744
01:31:53,008 --> 01:31:54,610
and you hear it
all the time, uh,
1745
01:31:54,677 --> 01:31:57,813
American policy
has been hijacked
by a handful of people,
1746
01:31:57,880 --> 01:31:59,948
and as soon
as they're out of there,
1747
01:32:00,015 --> 01:32:02,317
we're gonna go back
to the way it was.
1748
01:32:02,384 --> 01:32:04,553
They're wrong about that,
1749
01:32:04,620 --> 01:32:07,623
because we are not
the same people
we were before.
1750
01:32:11,226 --> 01:32:13,295
JOHNSON: We are
walking on thin ice.
1751
01:32:13,361 --> 01:32:15,463
We are treading
the same path
1752
01:32:15,530 --> 01:32:18,266
taken by the first
democratic regime
1753
01:32:18,333 --> 01:32:20,235
ever created
in the Western world,
1754
01:32:20,302 --> 01:32:22,470
namely the Roman republic.
1755
01:32:22,537 --> 01:32:25,974
The Roman republic
inadvertently acquired
an empire around the world,
1756
01:32:26,041 --> 01:32:30,746
and they then discovered
that to maintain, expand,
protect this empire,
1757
01:32:30,813 --> 01:32:32,781
they required
standing armies.
1758
01:32:32,848 --> 01:32:34,850
Standing armies
is what George Washington
1759
01:32:34,917 --> 01:32:36,852
warned us against
in his farewell address,
1760
01:32:36,919 --> 01:32:40,455
that they will destroy
the structure of government
1761
01:32:40,522 --> 01:32:43,258
that we tried to create
in our Constitution
1762
01:32:43,325 --> 01:32:46,194
to prevent the rise
of an imperial presidency.
1763
01:32:46,261 --> 01:32:48,831
(ALL APPLAUDING)
1764
01:32:48,897 --> 01:32:51,834
JOHNSON: The single
most important article
in our Constitution
1765
01:32:51,900 --> 01:32:54,670
is the one that gives
the right to go to war
1766
01:32:54,737 --> 01:32:56,639
exclusively to
the elected representatives
1767
01:32:56,705 --> 01:32:58,807
of the people,
to the Congress.
1768
01:32:58,874 --> 01:33:01,677
Our Congress,
in October of 2002,
1769
01:33:01,744 --> 01:33:05,648
voted in both houses
to give this power
to a single man,
1770
01:33:05,714 --> 01:33:08,617
including the use
of nuclear weapons,
if he so chose.
1771
01:33:08,684 --> 01:33:11,219
And, of course, less than,
uh, six months later,
1772
01:33:11,286 --> 01:33:14,222
he did choose
to exercise it in Iraq.
1773
01:33:14,289 --> 01:33:19,494
For too long
our culture has said,
"If it feels good, do it."
1774
01:33:19,561 --> 01:33:23,465
Now America is embracing
a new ethic and a new creed.
1775
01:33:23,531 --> 01:33:24,933
Let's roll.
1776
01:33:25,000 --> 01:33:26,935
(PEOPLE APPLAUDING)
1777
01:33:27,002 --> 01:33:30,405
LEWIS: I think the history
of the United States,
as a work in progress,
1778
01:33:30,472 --> 01:33:33,108
and our attempt
at democracy here,
1779
01:33:33,175 --> 01:33:36,278
is a, a constant struggle
between capitalism
and democracy.
1780
01:33:36,344 --> 01:33:38,380
And there have been
ebbs and flows
1781
01:33:38,446 --> 01:33:40,749
where democracy
looks like it's winning.
1782
01:33:40,816 --> 01:33:43,218
You rein in
those powerful forces,
1783
01:33:43,285 --> 01:33:48,023
but the fundamental reality
is that most of the
government's decisions today
1784
01:33:48,090 --> 01:33:51,960
are substantially dictated by
powerful corporate interests.
1785
01:33:52,027 --> 01:33:54,029
Clearly,
capitalism is winning.
1786
01:33:54,096 --> 01:33:56,564
(PEOPLE SHOUTING)
1787
01:33:57,432 --> 01:34:00,368
(MAN SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
1788
01:34:16,218 --> 01:34:20,222
JOHNSON: In my lifetime,
I have seen the collapse
of the Nazi,
1789
01:34:20,288 --> 01:34:23,826
of the imperial Japanese,
of the British, French, Dutch,
1790
01:34:23,892 --> 01:34:25,327
and Russian empires.
1791
01:34:25,393 --> 01:34:27,195
They go down pretty easily.
1792
01:34:27,262 --> 01:34:29,998
What I want Americans
to understand today,
1793
01:34:30,065 --> 01:34:32,334
the price of liberty
is eternal vigilance.
1794
01:34:32,400 --> 01:34:34,236
And we have not been vigilant
1795
01:34:34,302 --> 01:34:38,406
since Dwight Eisenhower
issued his warning to us
back in 1961
1796
01:34:38,473 --> 01:34:41,409
about the dangers
of unauthorized power
1797
01:34:41,476 --> 01:34:43,712
in the form of the
military-industrial complex.
1798
01:34:43,779 --> 01:34:45,781
EISENHOWER: We should
take nothing for granted.
1799
01:34:45,848 --> 01:34:50,285
Only an alert and
knowledgeable citizenry
can compel
1800
01:34:50,352 --> 01:34:52,755
the proper meshing
of the huge industrial
1801
01:34:52,821 --> 01:34:54,857
and military machinery
of defense
1802
01:34:54,923 --> 01:34:57,425
with our peaceful
methods and goals
1803
01:34:57,492 --> 01:35:00,729
so that security and liberty
may prosper together.
1804
01:35:03,498 --> 01:35:05,667
KWIATKOWSKI:
You gotta realize,
20 years in the military,
1805
01:35:05,734 --> 01:35:10,505
you're trained always
to respect authority,
to be a team player.
1806
01:35:11,373 --> 01:35:12,975
When the war started in Iraq,
1807
01:35:13,041 --> 01:35:17,179
I hit a turning point
in--in where my values
1808
01:35:17,245 --> 01:35:20,215
as an officer, diverged.
1809
01:35:20,282 --> 01:35:21,516
KWIATKOWSKI: Hey, buddy!
1810
01:35:21,583 --> 01:35:24,052
KWIATKOWSKI: I had to
basically remove myself.
1811
01:35:25,420 --> 01:35:27,222
So, um, why we fight?
1812
01:35:27,289 --> 01:35:29,925
I think we fight
'cause, uh, too many people
are not standing up saying,
1813
01:35:29,992 --> 01:35:31,894
"I'm not doing this anymore."
1814
01:35:34,062 --> 01:35:37,132
* I fought in a war
1815
01:35:37,199 --> 01:35:41,603
* And I left
my friends behind me *
1816
01:35:41,669 --> 01:35:45,640
* To go looking
for the enemy *
1817
01:35:45,707 --> 01:35:50,378
* And it wasn't very long
1818
01:35:51,546 --> 01:35:54,482
* Before I would stand
1819
01:35:54,549 --> 01:35:58,954
* With another boy
in front of me *
1820
01:35:59,021 --> 01:36:03,058
* And a corpse
that just fell into me *
1821
01:36:03,125 --> 01:36:07,529
* With the bullets
flying round *
1822
01:36:07,595 --> 01:36:10,398
* And I reminded myself
1823
01:36:10,465 --> 01:36:13,168
* Of the words you said
1824
01:36:13,235 --> 01:36:15,938
* When we were getting on
1825
01:36:16,004 --> 01:36:19,741
* And I bet you're making
shells back home *
1826
01:36:19,808 --> 01:36:23,511
* For a steady boy to wear
1827
01:36:24,980 --> 01:36:27,382
* I fought in a war
1828
01:36:27,449 --> 01:36:31,153
* And I left
my friends behind me *
1829
01:36:31,219 --> 01:36:34,890
* To go looking
for the enemy *
1830
01:36:34,957 --> 01:36:38,660
* Of the decade gone before
1831
01:36:38,726 --> 01:36:43,498
* I reminded myself
of the words you said *
1832
01:36:43,565 --> 01:36:46,034
* When we were getting on
1833
01:36:46,101 --> 01:36:49,671
* And I bet you're making
shells back home *
1834
01:36:49,737 --> 01:36:53,508
* For a steady man to wear
1835
01:36:53,575 --> 01:36:54,910
* Round his neck
1836
01:36:54,977 --> 01:36:58,480
* Well, it won't hurt
to think of you *
1837
01:36:58,546 --> 01:37:01,183
* As if you're waiting for
1838
01:37:01,249 --> 01:37:04,186
* This letter to arrive
1839
01:37:04,252 --> 01:37:08,590
* Because I'll be
here quite a while *
1840
01:37:39,121 --> 01:37:41,656
* I fought in a war
1841
01:37:41,723 --> 01:37:45,427
* I didn't know
where it would end *
1842
01:37:45,493 --> 01:37:49,097
* It stretched
before me infinitely *
1843
01:37:49,164 --> 01:37:52,200
* I couldn't really think
1844
01:37:53,601 --> 01:37:56,171
* Take me home now
1845
01:37:56,238 --> 01:37:58,073
* Keep your head down, pal
1846
01:37:58,140 --> 01:38:00,208
* There's trouble plenty
1847
01:38:00,275 --> 01:38:02,810
* In this hour, this day
1848
01:38:02,877 --> 01:38:06,848
* I can't see hope,
I can't see light *
1849
01:38:06,915 --> 01:38:11,719
* I reminded myself
of the looks you gave *
1850
01:38:11,786 --> 01:38:14,589
* When we were getting on
1851
01:38:14,656 --> 01:38:17,960
* I bet you're making
shells back home *
1852
01:38:18,026 --> 01:38:21,529
* For a steady man to wear
1853
01:38:21,596 --> 01:38:22,797
* Round his neck
1854
01:38:22,864 --> 01:38:26,701
* Well, it won't hurt
to think of you *
1855
01:38:26,768 --> 01:38:29,237
* As if you're waiting for
1856
01:38:29,304 --> 01:38:32,174
* This letter to arrive
1857
01:38:32,240 --> 01:38:36,411
* Because I'll be here
quite a while *
146544
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