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Charge! (soldiers war cry)
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(guns firing)
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Come on, boys!
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- McClellan had fresh
troops in reserve.
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Could have used
them to destroy Lee.
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Instead he let him him escape
over the river to Virginia.
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- We chased him out of Maryland.
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Still a victory.
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Now I can release
the proclamation.
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On the first day of
January, all persons
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held as slaves shall be then,
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thenceforward, and forever free.
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Where's Lee?
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- Gettysburg.
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- It may be the best
chance to destroy his army.
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- One big battle.
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(guns firing)
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What if Lee is thinking
the exact same thing?
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- [Lincoln] Then we're both
looking at the end of this war.
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One way or the other.
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- [Announcer] Ladies
and gentlemen,
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some of you may
have heard of him.
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- [Caroline] His story
has been passed down
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from one generation to the next.
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- Four score and
seven years ago.
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- He felt that democracy in its
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purest form is for all people.
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- All persons held
as slaves shall be
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thenceforward and forever free.
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- But there's something
deeper than what he did.
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It's about who he was.
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- Lincoln grew up in poverty.
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- Haven't done anything to make
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anyone remember
that I ever lived.
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- He's living proof
that Americans
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can rise from
obscurity to power.
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- With that wit and that
charm and that intellect.
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- It's better to stay
silent and be thought
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a fool than to speak up
and remove all doubt.
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- He has this deep
sense of empathy.
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- He takes the Declaration
of Independence.
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- All men are created equal.
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- And turns it into a
nation's moral compass.
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(glass breaking)
(men shouting)
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- As the country
is breaking apart,
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there's a turning point where
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he's gonna have to take a stand.
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- Charge!
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- Blood will be on your hands!
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- Blood is already on my hands!
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- He had to learn how to
be a commander in chief.
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- We can't have a
war on two fronts.
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- He was willing to admit
he was wrong and to change.
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- We can attack immediately.
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- [Historian] He was the right
person at the right time.
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- If we let this stand
for one minute longer
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we might as well say
goodbye to the whole thing.
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Union.
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Democracy.
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All of it.
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(dramatic sting)
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(tense music)
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- In 1863, Lee
swings north again.
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What he hoped was that
having moved swiftly
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into Pennsylvania, the Union
Army would play catch up
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00:03:01,949 --> 00:03:04,950
in a disorganized and
bedraggled fashion.
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00:03:05,052 --> 00:03:06,585
And then he would have them.
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- When Lee crossed into
Maryland and then Pennsylvania,
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Lincoln was ecstatic that
Lee was in Union territory
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because he said this is
our chance to bag Lee.
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Lincoln believes that
destroying that army
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would in effect destroy
the Confederacy.
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- By the end of the
day on July 1st,
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on the Gettysburg battlefield,
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the Union Army had taken
a real shellacking.
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(clicking)
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(soldiers rallying)
(bombs exploding)
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- Where the hell is Sickles
and the Third Corps?
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Find them!
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- Yes sir.
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- Move!
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- From General Warren.
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- Give it here, give it here!
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- On the morning
of July 2nd, 1863,
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Robert E. Lee makes
the decision to test
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both flanks of the Union
Army of the Potomac.
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At a place called
Little Round Top.
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- And on the second day of
the Battle of Gettysburg
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Meade sends General Dan Sickle's
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Third Corps off
to the left flank.
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00:04:10,851 --> 00:04:12,884
- Sickles moved his corps and it
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00:04:12,987 --> 00:04:15,087
created a gap in the Union line.
93
00:04:15,189 --> 00:04:17,689
This opening creates
this existential threat.
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- Brigadier General Warren fears
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Little Round Top may be exposed.
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- What does that
mean for the line?
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- If Lee's army takes that hill.
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We might not stand a chance.
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- During Gettysburg,
Abraham Lincoln
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almost lived in the
war department offices
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close to the
telegraph operators.
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He was about as closely
involved in monitoring
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the operations of
an army in the field
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as maybe any president
had ever been.
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- You wonder what Lincoln
had to shore him up
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emotionally and psychologically.
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As he went through all
these different decisions
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he had to make and the
crisis that took place.
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- Do you have news?
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- Not of the battle.
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Mr. President.
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- Reinforcements have been
sent to Little Round Top.
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- We don't know how old
that information is.
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We have to wait and see.
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- Mr. President.
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Mr. President,
it's Mrs. Lincoln.
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She was in the
presidential carriage.
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They were going
downhill when the seat
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came loose and
they lost control.
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- Is she all right?
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- She had to jump
from the carriage.
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It's a head injury.
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It looks like somebody
removed the screws that fasten
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the driver's seat to the
body of the carriage.
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Somebody was trying
to kill you, sir.
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- [Operator] This is
from General Meade.
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- Mrs. Pomeroy's tending to her.
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Shall I tell her
you'll be around?
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- They still got the hill.
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- [Messenger] Mr. President.
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- Tell Mrs. Lincoln I'm sorry.
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I can't possibly leave now.
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Ask Robert to go to her.
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- All hell seemed to
be breaking loose.
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Lincoln was faced
with the consequences
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that someone had tampered with
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the carriage in
order to do him in,
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and his wife had become
collateral damage.
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00:06:48,242 --> 00:06:49,819
- On the third day of
the Battle of Gettysburg,
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Robert E. Lee would
launch his 12,500 men
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across nearly a mile wide field.
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And they would strike
the Union position.
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- This comes to be known
as Pickett's Charge.
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It becomes a huge bloodletting.
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00:07:02,256 --> 00:07:06,224
The casualties mount for both
Confederate and Union armies
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as Lee's men are storming
the center of the Union line.
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- On and on it went.
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Confusion, no
certain information.
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Through July 2nd.
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Through July 3rd.
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- And while the Battle of
Gettysburg is going on,
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Ulysses S. Grant
is now laying siege
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to the Confederate Army
inside of Vicksburg.
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- [Caroline] Vicksburg
was the last portion
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of the Mississippi River
the Confederates still held.
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- Everybody knows the importance
of the Mississippi River
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for commerce and
military movements.
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And the primary goal of
the Vicksburg campaign
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is to open the
Mississippi River.
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On July 3rd Lincoln will
stay at the telegraph office.
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Spending all night waiting
on reports from the army.
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(telegraph machine tapping)
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- It's from General Meade.
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"The battle has been
successfully concluded.
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"Lee's retreating."
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(group cheers and applauds)
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- After Gettysburg, Lincoln
is thrilled with Meade.
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Here we've had the
first decisive victory
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for the Army of the
Potomac over Lee's army.
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This is a victory in
no uncertain terms.
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Unlike Antietam,
it is clear that
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the Union Army has
won this battle.
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- The patriotism and
cheers going in offices.
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And in Washington, DC hardly
any work gets done that day.
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The president gets serenaded
at the white house.
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The idea that if
it isn't the end,
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it is the beginning of the end,
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this is prevailing
throughout the north.
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- Gettysburg has been
the largest battle
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of the war up until that time,
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00:09:07,915 --> 00:09:10,181
will remain the largest
battle of the war.
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Somewhere around
50,000 casualties.
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00:09:13,520 --> 00:09:17,422
Lee has lost a third of his
army on this venture north.
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00:09:18,659 --> 00:09:21,159
And he has clearly
been defeated.
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00:09:22,963 --> 00:09:25,003
- Send this message
to General Meade.
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Go after Lee's army now.
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While they're vulnerable.
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Imperative you attack before
they cross the Potomac.
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00:09:36,376 --> 00:09:38,543
- Lincoln believes
that the aftermath
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of Gettysburg could
have been the end
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of the army in
Northern Virginia.
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- [Thomas] Papa!
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- How's mother?
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00:09:54,928 --> 00:09:56,161
- It was a terrible fall.
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She's been asking for you.
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00:10:00,801 --> 00:10:02,901
So we've won at Gettysburg?
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00:10:04,705 --> 00:10:05,705
- Yes.
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00:10:06,640 --> 00:10:07,939
But there's much work ahead.
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00:10:10,077 --> 00:10:12,677
(tense music)
200
00:10:18,068 --> 00:10:19,068
- You're here.
201
00:10:23,390 --> 00:10:25,957
I overheard the doctor
speaking to Mrs. Pomeroy.
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00:10:26,994 --> 00:10:29,234
Is it true that someone
was trying to hurt you?
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00:10:32,833 --> 00:10:33,932
- Don't you worry.
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00:10:35,602 --> 00:10:37,168
You need to rest.
205
00:10:38,672 --> 00:10:40,305
- Is your life in danger?
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00:10:42,409 --> 00:10:44,442
(knocking)
207
00:10:44,544 --> 00:10:45,544
- Mrs. Lincoln.
208
00:10:46,313 --> 00:10:48,046
I'm sorry to interrupt.
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00:10:48,148 --> 00:10:49,148
Sir.
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00:10:53,487 --> 00:10:55,954
I just received a message
from General Grant.
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00:10:57,290 --> 00:10:59,090
Pemberton surrendered.
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00:10:59,192 --> 00:11:00,725
Vicksburg is ours.
213
00:11:03,764 --> 00:11:04,529
- That's great news.
214
00:11:04,631 --> 00:11:05,631
That's great.
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00:11:06,900 --> 00:11:08,767
Well we must congratulate Grant.
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00:11:08,869 --> 00:11:10,602
I had my doubts, but he done it.
217
00:11:11,738 --> 00:11:12,804
Any word from Meade?
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00:11:12,906 --> 00:11:14,272
- Progress is slow.
219
00:11:14,908 --> 00:11:16,608
- He can't let Lee retreat now.
220
00:11:18,111 --> 00:11:20,511
If Meade completes the work
the rebellion will be over.
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00:11:20,547 --> 00:11:22,058
He has orders to
attack now doesn't he?
222
00:11:22,082 --> 00:11:23,481
- Those are the orders.
223
00:11:29,222 --> 00:11:31,456
- Please stay with your mother.
224
00:11:39,332 --> 00:11:40,732
You must rest.
225
00:11:47,674 --> 00:11:50,075
- He learns of the
capitulation of Vicksburg
226
00:11:50,177 --> 00:11:52,410
the same day as the last
battle of Gettysburg.
227
00:11:52,512 --> 00:11:54,979
- You can just see the
joy on Lincoln's face
228
00:11:55,082 --> 00:11:57,749
when he gets the news of
Vicksburg on top of Gettysburg.
229
00:11:57,851 --> 00:11:58,961
And he said it
couldn't be better.
230
00:11:58,985 --> 00:12:01,019
It just couldn't be better.
231
00:12:01,121 --> 00:12:04,622
- Lincoln had said early
on Vicksburg is the key.
232
00:12:04,725 --> 00:12:06,669
The war can never be
brought to a close
233
00:12:06,693 --> 00:12:08,993
until that key is in our pocket.
234
00:12:09,096 --> 00:12:13,264
Ulysses S. Grant delivered
the key to Lincoln.
235
00:12:13,366 --> 00:12:15,311
- This is a turning
point in the war.
236
00:12:15,335 --> 00:12:16,479
Vicksburg and Gettysburg,
237
00:12:16,503 --> 00:12:18,247
it's the high tide
of the Confederacy.
238
00:12:18,271 --> 00:12:19,682
Never again would they
have that much initiative,
239
00:12:19,706 --> 00:12:20,850
never again when they
have that much momentum,
240
00:12:20,874 --> 00:12:22,752
never again would they
have that much numbers.
241
00:12:22,776 --> 00:12:25,744
- After the victory at
Gettysburg, Lincoln just assumed
242
00:12:25,846 --> 00:12:27,690
that General Meade
would be able to capture
243
00:12:27,714 --> 00:12:30,415
General Lee's army and
the war would be over.
244
00:12:30,517 --> 00:12:31,928
And telegrams had
been sent to him
245
00:12:31,952 --> 00:12:34,719
to make sure that Lee's
army doesn't escape.
246
00:12:34,821 --> 00:12:37,355
- George Gordon Meade
has filled almost every
247
00:12:37,457 --> 00:12:39,657
branch in the army
except for the calvary.
248
00:12:39,760 --> 00:12:41,404
Arguably one of
the most qualified
249
00:12:41,428 --> 00:12:44,162
people to lead an army.
250
00:12:44,264 --> 00:12:46,698
- But George Meade
is a cautious man,
251
00:12:46,800 --> 00:12:51,336
so his pursuit of
Lee is careful.
252
00:12:51,438 --> 00:12:55,306
When Lee's army retreats to
the Potomac at Williamsport,
253
00:12:55,408 --> 00:13:00,145
he finds the Potomac has been
swollen by incessant floods.
254
00:13:00,247 --> 00:13:02,280
And Lee suddenly realized he had
255
00:13:02,382 --> 00:13:04,249
no way to get across the river.
256
00:13:04,351 --> 00:13:06,229
The Army of the
Potomac could close in
257
00:13:06,253 --> 00:13:08,186
on him here and crush him.
258
00:13:08,288 --> 00:13:13,258
(thunder booming)
(tense music)
259
00:13:17,030 --> 00:13:18,030
- General.
260
00:13:19,332 --> 00:13:22,367
- I've got orders from
Washington to march on Lee.
261
00:13:23,570 --> 00:13:25,214
But I won't do the damn
thing unless we can
262
00:13:25,238 --> 00:13:28,072
agree here we have a
fighting chance to beat him.
263
00:13:28,175 --> 00:13:29,307
- His army's whipped.
264
00:13:30,243 --> 00:13:30,975
Most are wounded.
265
00:13:31,077 --> 00:13:32,210
We can take him.
266
00:13:32,312 --> 00:13:34,257
- General, a wet deserter
told us Lee's army's
267
00:13:34,281 --> 00:13:36,981
still mostly intact with
plenty of fight left in it.
268
00:13:37,083 --> 00:13:39,128
Probably planning a
counterattack right now.
269
00:13:39,152 --> 00:13:42,821
- He probably planted that
deserter just to buy time.
270
00:13:42,923 --> 00:13:43,822
Backs to the river.
271
00:13:43,924 --> 00:13:44,924
He's trapped.
272
00:13:45,025 --> 00:13:46,257
- The trap could be for us.
273
00:13:46,359 --> 00:13:47,425
- All right.
274
00:13:49,029 --> 00:13:50,161
We'll hold off for now.
275
00:13:50,263 --> 00:13:50,995
- But General...
276
00:13:51,097 --> 00:13:52,217
- I said we'll hold off!
277
00:13:55,669 --> 00:13:56,669
- General.
278
00:14:08,648 --> 00:14:10,448
- What is Meade talking about?
279
00:14:11,585 --> 00:14:14,285
He says he'll attack
the enemy tomorrow.
280
00:14:14,387 --> 00:14:16,154
Unless something intervenes?
281
00:14:18,258 --> 00:14:20,124
This is the time.
282
00:14:20,227 --> 00:14:21,960
He can't let Lee get away.
283
00:14:25,465 --> 00:14:28,299
- But Meade does not
arrive at Williamsport
284
00:14:28,401 --> 00:14:30,602
for a number of days.
285
00:14:30,704 --> 00:14:33,104
(tense music)
286
00:15:13,179 --> 00:15:15,124
And when on the
morning of July 14th
287
00:15:15,148 --> 00:15:16,726
he is finally
ready to attack Lee
288
00:15:16,750 --> 00:15:20,151
he finds that in the
night Lee, his engineers
289
00:15:20,253 --> 00:15:22,987
have improvised, the
pontoons, the bridges,
290
00:15:23,089 --> 00:15:27,792
the materials, have slipped
away across the Potomac
291
00:15:27,894 --> 00:15:31,796
back into Maryland,
back into Virginia.
292
00:15:32,766 --> 00:15:33,766
And they're gone.
293
00:15:42,342 --> 00:15:43,352
- Lee was entrenched, all right.
294
00:15:43,376 --> 00:15:45,009
Now he's gone.
295
00:15:45,111 --> 00:15:47,111
His army escaped
across the Potomac.
296
00:15:48,548 --> 00:15:50,081
- Meade had him in his grasp.
297
00:15:50,183 --> 00:15:51,382
How could that be?
298
00:15:51,484 --> 00:15:53,952
- He says they've driven
the invader from our soil.
299
00:15:54,054 --> 00:15:56,487
- "Driven the invader
from our soil"?
300
00:15:57,991 --> 00:16:01,092
Will our generals never get
that idea out of their heads?
301
00:16:01,895 --> 00:16:04,128
The whole country is our soil.
302
00:16:05,632 --> 00:16:07,065
(sighs)
303
00:16:10,704 --> 00:16:11,704
What does it mean?
304
00:16:14,741 --> 00:16:15,741
McClellan.
305
00:16:16,543 --> 00:16:17,742
And now Meade.
306
00:16:20,747 --> 00:16:22,213
There's bad faith somewhere.
307
00:16:23,616 --> 00:16:25,616
Our army held the
war in the hollow
308
00:16:25,652 --> 00:16:28,052
of their hand and yet
they would not close it.
309
00:16:29,389 --> 00:16:31,990
(tense music)
310
00:16:42,502 --> 00:16:45,136
(dramatic music)
311
00:17:09,829 --> 00:17:11,896
I need a second opinion.
312
00:17:15,869 --> 00:17:17,135
"General Meade.
313
00:17:18,004 --> 00:17:20,038
"I am very, very grateful
314
00:17:21,074 --> 00:17:23,708
"for the magnificent
success at Gettysburg.
315
00:17:24,978 --> 00:17:28,446
"But I am also
immeasurably distressed.
316
00:17:29,649 --> 00:17:34,385
"By the magnitude of misfortune
involved in Lee's escape.
317
00:17:35,889 --> 00:17:39,057
"He was within your easy
grasp, and to have closed
318
00:17:39,159 --> 00:17:41,292
"upon him would in
connection with our
319
00:17:41,394 --> 00:17:43,528
"other late successes
have ended the war.
320
00:17:45,999 --> 00:17:49,634
"As it is, the war will be
prolonged indefinitely."
321
00:17:59,979 --> 00:18:01,924
Meade was like an
old woman trying
322
00:18:01,948 --> 00:18:03,981
to shoot the rebels
across a crick.
323
00:18:04,084 --> 00:18:05,716
That's not how we win this war.
324
00:18:07,987 --> 00:18:11,189
- "As it is, the war will
be prolonged indefinitely."
325
00:18:13,626 --> 00:18:15,426
It's very...
326
00:18:15,528 --> 00:18:18,162
Well, direct.
327
00:18:18,264 --> 00:18:22,033
- There's 50,000 casualties
at Gettysburg alone.
328
00:18:22,135 --> 00:18:23,135
50,000.
329
00:18:23,770 --> 00:18:25,369
- More of them on their side.
330
00:18:26,206 --> 00:18:27,672
- They are all Americans.
331
00:18:30,143 --> 00:18:31,442
- Meade did win the battle.
332
00:18:34,013 --> 00:18:37,315
With Vicksburg, things
have shifted in our favor.
333
00:18:40,086 --> 00:18:41,819
- Everybody's sick of this war.
334
00:18:44,324 --> 00:18:46,284
Perhaps because of
my proclamation.
335
00:18:47,360 --> 00:18:48,360
- Yes.
336
00:18:50,663 --> 00:18:53,965
But you will find the
right path forward.
337
00:19:03,643 --> 00:19:04,643
- Don't worry.
338
00:19:06,679 --> 00:19:08,212
I won't send it.
339
00:19:15,421 --> 00:19:17,333
- Lincoln writes
this letter to Meade,
340
00:19:17,357 --> 00:19:19,857
which he never sends,
in which he says
341
00:19:19,959 --> 00:19:22,037
this was your chance,
this was your opportunity.
342
00:19:22,061 --> 00:19:23,794
You had him.
343
00:19:23,897 --> 00:19:27,231
And yet you failed to end
this war at this moment.
344
00:19:27,333 --> 00:19:30,134
He never gave up
the belief that war
345
00:19:30,236 --> 00:19:34,038
could have been ended
in the summer of 1863.
346
00:19:35,141 --> 00:19:37,508
- When he found out that
Lee's army had escaped,
347
00:19:37,610 --> 00:19:39,810
that was one of the
lowest moments of the war.
348
00:19:39,846 --> 00:19:42,180
Because he felt we had
victory within our grasp.
349
00:19:42,282 --> 00:19:43,893
It was in the
hollow of our hands.
350
00:19:43,917 --> 00:19:45,861
And then it meant that
the war was gonna go on
351
00:19:45,885 --> 00:19:48,519
month after month,
year after year.
352
00:19:48,621 --> 00:19:51,622
- McClellan had done this
to him after Antietam.
353
00:19:51,724 --> 00:19:53,958
He didn't want to see
Meade do it to him.
354
00:19:54,060 --> 00:19:56,928
He didn't want to relive
this experience of so many
355
00:19:57,030 --> 00:20:01,966
dead Americans not buying
anything with their lives.
356
00:20:04,270 --> 00:20:07,738
- In the north, there
was initially this idea,
357
00:20:07,840 --> 00:20:10,208
okay, we've got to
maintain the Union.
358
00:20:10,310 --> 00:20:14,111
For most northerners, the
war wasn't about slavery.
359
00:20:14,214 --> 00:20:16,914
There was this idea among
many people in the north
360
00:20:17,016 --> 00:20:19,183
that this is a war we
shouldn't be fighting.
361
00:20:20,620 --> 00:20:22,665
- Lincoln has changed
the character of the war.
362
00:20:22,689 --> 00:20:24,956
Which now becomes
about emancipation.
363
00:20:26,359 --> 00:20:29,126
Along with this idea means
that it also opens up
364
00:20:29,229 --> 00:20:33,064
the opportunity on January
1st, 1863 to now start
365
00:20:33,166 --> 00:20:36,400
to recruit African Americans
to serve in uniform.
366
00:20:36,502 --> 00:20:39,403
That they might fight
for their own freedom.
367
00:20:39,505 --> 00:20:42,306
- Frederick Douglas has been
advocating to allow free men,
368
00:20:42,408 --> 00:20:46,611
and these now contraband
enslaved men, to join the army.
369
00:20:47,814 --> 00:20:49,180
And Lincoln agrees.
370
00:20:49,282 --> 00:20:51,916
So the emancipation
proclamation actually
371
00:20:52,018 --> 00:20:55,186
establishes the United
States colored troops.
372
00:20:55,288 --> 00:20:59,090
Lincoln is moved to
understanding and belief
373
00:20:59,192 --> 00:21:02,493
in what the nation could
and should be despite
374
00:21:02,595 --> 00:21:06,597
his own prejudices and
concerns when he starts.
375
00:21:06,699 --> 00:21:10,568
He is wise enough to
know that he has them.
376
00:21:11,604 --> 00:21:14,071
And wise enough to
know that his nation
377
00:21:14,173 --> 00:21:16,140
needs to move beyond them.
378
00:21:16,242 --> 00:21:19,477
The fear is if we have
trained black men,
379
00:21:19,579 --> 00:21:23,381
who then have the potential
to train other black men,
380
00:21:23,483 --> 00:21:26,917
we have insurrection and
that's how the south viewed it.
381
00:21:27,020 --> 00:21:29,053
When they sent their response
382
00:21:29,155 --> 00:21:31,155
to the emancipation
proclamation,
383
00:21:31,257 --> 00:21:33,991
they issued it as
you have fomented
384
00:21:34,093 --> 00:21:36,994
insurrection among our Negroes.
385
00:21:37,096 --> 00:21:40,164
Therefore, any slaves
who dared do this,
386
00:21:40,266 --> 00:21:43,034
they were caught, were
gonna be put to death.
387
00:21:43,136 --> 00:21:45,703
- And this led Lincoln
to issue his strong
388
00:21:45,805 --> 00:21:48,572
retaliatory order
against the Confederacy.
389
00:21:49,542 --> 00:21:52,243
- Lincoln made the
decision that for every
390
00:21:52,345 --> 00:21:54,645
black person that was captured,
391
00:21:54,747 --> 00:21:56,881
who was being
executed, that there
392
00:21:56,983 --> 00:22:00,351
would be one Confederate
that had been
393
00:22:00,453 --> 00:22:02,153
captured and would be executed.
394
00:22:03,056 --> 00:22:05,222
- But Douglas is
frustrated that Lincoln
395
00:22:05,325 --> 00:22:08,993
is not really enforcing
his retaliation order.
396
00:22:10,229 --> 00:22:13,097
- Frederick Douglas
understood that black men
397
00:22:13,199 --> 00:22:15,399
would fight with
the power because
398
00:22:15,501 --> 00:22:18,002
they're fighting for
their own freedom.
399
00:22:19,005 --> 00:22:22,973
- But they didn't get
equal pay until 1864.
400
00:22:23,076 --> 00:22:26,711
They were not able to
command their own units.
401
00:22:26,813 --> 00:22:30,648
Those us colored troops
were commanded by white men.
402
00:22:31,884 --> 00:22:34,552
- Douglas was unhappy
about the mistreatment
403
00:22:34,654 --> 00:22:36,598
of black soldiers
in the Union Army.
404
00:22:36,622 --> 00:22:39,256
And so he said I'm gonna go
and talk to the president.
405
00:22:44,797 --> 00:22:48,299
(footsteps approaching)
406
00:22:52,071 --> 00:22:53,904
- [Secretary] Mr. Douglas.
407
00:22:54,006 --> 00:22:56,046
The president will
see you right away.
408
00:23:01,347 --> 00:23:03,981
(tense music)
409
00:23:16,496 --> 00:23:17,496
- Mr. President.
410
00:23:18,431 --> 00:23:19,497
I'm Frederick...
411
00:23:19,599 --> 00:23:21,559
- I know who you
are, Mr. Douglas.
412
00:23:22,869 --> 00:23:23,909
I'm glad to see you.
413
00:23:28,508 --> 00:23:29,573
Have a seat.
414
00:23:32,779 --> 00:23:34,345
I read your recent article.
415
00:23:35,581 --> 00:23:38,916
About the tardy, hesitating,
vacillating policy
416
00:23:39,018 --> 00:23:41,058
of the President of
the United States.
417
00:23:42,422 --> 00:23:46,056
Tardy and hesitating
perhaps, but vacillating?
418
00:23:47,293 --> 00:23:49,160
- I tend to speak my mind.
419
00:23:49,262 --> 00:23:51,295
- Well I admire that.
420
00:23:52,498 --> 00:23:54,109
I expect it's what
you're here for.
421
00:23:54,133 --> 00:23:55,133
- It is.
422
00:23:57,603 --> 00:24:01,205
Mr. President, when I
persuade men to enlist,
423
00:24:01,307 --> 00:24:02,740
I want to do it with my heart.
424
00:24:03,776 --> 00:24:05,721
But I cannot in good
conscience recruit
425
00:24:05,745 --> 00:24:07,578
for the Union Army any longer.
426
00:24:08,781 --> 00:24:10,741
First there was
the issue of pay.
427
00:24:11,384 --> 00:24:13,451
Now the retaliatory order.
428
00:24:13,553 --> 00:24:15,352
And your response?
429
00:24:15,455 --> 00:24:17,188
It's too little too late.
430
00:24:17,290 --> 00:24:19,201
My own sons are
fighting as if they
431
00:24:19,225 --> 00:24:21,058
have halters around their necks.
432
00:24:24,597 --> 00:24:27,498
- I am in a difficult
position, Mr. Douglas.
433
00:24:29,168 --> 00:24:31,735
If I could find the
rebels responsible
434
00:24:31,838 --> 00:24:34,238
for acting out those orders
I could execute them.
435
00:24:36,676 --> 00:24:38,843
But to kill just
any captured rebel?
436
00:24:40,079 --> 00:24:42,057
You'll agree that there's
a difference between
437
00:24:42,081 --> 00:24:45,449
stating a principle and
putting it into practice.
438
00:24:46,786 --> 00:24:48,730
And had I issued
the order any sooner
439
00:24:48,754 --> 00:24:51,689
there would've been a public
outcry against the measure.
440
00:24:53,426 --> 00:24:55,626
But now that the black
soldiers have proven
441
00:24:55,728 --> 00:24:59,363
themselves at Milliken's
Bend and Fort Wagner,
442
00:25:00,633 --> 00:25:02,199
public opinion's changing.
443
00:25:03,402 --> 00:25:06,237
So you see, I had to wait.
444
00:25:09,242 --> 00:25:13,277
- You say all this, but
I hear only one word.
445
00:25:14,780 --> 00:25:15,780
Wait.
446
00:25:16,716 --> 00:25:18,249
Wait for equal pay.
447
00:25:18,351 --> 00:25:19,650
Wait for justice.
448
00:25:21,454 --> 00:25:25,689
When we're done waiting,
what will be left of us?
449
00:25:27,827 --> 00:25:29,426
- You're right, Mr. Douglas.
450
00:25:31,731 --> 00:25:32,731
But you must know.
451
00:25:34,300 --> 00:25:35,300
It will come.
452
00:25:36,435 --> 00:25:39,904
Once I take a position,
I never retreat from it.
453
00:25:40,006 --> 00:25:42,439
(tense music)
454
00:26:00,776 --> 00:26:05,713
(crowd chatter)
(dramatic music)
455
00:26:07,683 --> 00:26:09,850
(crowd applauds)
456
00:26:09,952 --> 00:26:11,318
Hello.
457
00:26:11,420 --> 00:26:12,420
Hello.
458
00:26:12,455 --> 00:26:14,154
Pleasure to meet you as well.
459
00:26:14,257 --> 00:26:15,456
Hello, what's your name?
460
00:26:15,558 --> 00:26:16,290
- Emiya.
461
00:26:16,392 --> 00:26:17,124
- Emiya.
462
00:26:17,226 --> 00:26:18,237
What a beautiful name.
463
00:26:18,261 --> 00:26:19,026
Hello.
464
00:26:19,128 --> 00:26:20,628
How's it's going?
465
00:26:20,730 --> 00:26:21,629
Good to see you.
466
00:26:21,731 --> 00:26:22,630
Hello.
467
00:26:22,732 --> 00:26:23,897
Pleasure to meet you.
468
00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:25,032
Hello.
469
00:26:25,134 --> 00:26:25,899
- You're even taller
than they say.
470
00:26:26,002 --> 00:26:27,167
- And better looking.
471
00:26:29,205 --> 00:26:32,406
I hear you had the rebels
here this past summer.
472
00:26:32,508 --> 00:26:33,874
Did you fight them any?
473
00:26:36,512 --> 00:26:38,979
- I had three sons
fighting them.
474
00:26:40,416 --> 00:26:41,416
- They come home?
475
00:26:42,785 --> 00:26:43,984
- Two of them.
476
00:26:47,623 --> 00:26:48,722
- Thank you.
477
00:26:51,060 --> 00:26:54,094
You have done our
country a great service.
478
00:26:56,766 --> 00:26:58,299
- Thank you.
479
00:27:03,472 --> 00:27:06,106
- Gettysburg will
always remain a kind of,
480
00:27:06,208 --> 00:27:08,075
bright moment for Lincoln.
481
00:27:08,177 --> 00:27:12,913
A great victory just when
it was so badly needed.
482
00:27:13,015 --> 00:27:14,926
And when, in the
wake of the battle,
483
00:27:14,950 --> 00:27:17,217
people at Gettysburg
begin planning
484
00:27:17,320 --> 00:27:19,398
for the creation of
a national cemetery
485
00:27:19,422 --> 00:27:21,722
for the fallen Union
soldiers there,
486
00:27:21,824 --> 00:27:24,825
they extended an invitation
to him to participate.
487
00:27:24,927 --> 00:27:26,493
And he agrees.
488
00:27:26,595 --> 00:27:31,231
Now Lincoln very rarely strayed
outside of Washington, DC.
489
00:27:32,601 --> 00:27:34,935
That he would take the
trouble to come to Gettysburg
490
00:27:35,037 --> 00:27:37,404
to speak said a great deal about
491
00:27:37,506 --> 00:27:40,774
how important Gettysburg
was to him as a symbol.
492
00:27:40,876 --> 00:27:44,211
He arrived there
on November 18th.
493
00:27:44,313 --> 00:27:47,147
Already the town was
swollen with crowds.
494
00:27:47,249 --> 00:27:49,950
10 to 15,000 people packed into
495
00:27:50,052 --> 00:27:53,153
this little town of
no more than 2,500.
496
00:27:53,255 --> 00:27:56,090
A great platform had
been constructed.
497
00:27:56,192 --> 00:27:59,159
And the next day,
crowd formed a great
498
00:27:59,261 --> 00:28:01,862
half circle around the platform.
499
00:28:01,964 --> 00:28:05,199
There was music,
there were choirs.
500
00:28:05,301 --> 00:28:07,341
The United States
Marine band played.
501
00:28:10,206 --> 00:28:12,539
And the master of
ceremonies simply said
502
00:28:12,641 --> 00:28:14,742
"The President of
the United States."
503
00:28:37,700 --> 00:28:41,835
- Four score and seven
years ago, our fathers
504
00:28:41,937 --> 00:28:46,340
brought forth on this
continent a new nation.
505
00:28:47,810 --> 00:28:51,211
Conceived in liberty,
and dedicated
506
00:28:51,313 --> 00:28:55,516
to the proposition that
all men are created equal.
507
00:28:55,618 --> 00:28:58,886
(audience applauds)
508
00:28:58,988 --> 00:29:02,956
Now we are engaged
in a great civil war.
509
00:29:05,561 --> 00:29:10,130
Testing whether that
nation, or any nation
510
00:29:10,232 --> 00:29:14,535
so conceived and so
dedicated, can long endure.
511
00:29:17,173 --> 00:29:19,673
We are met on a great
battlefield of that war.
512
00:29:21,544 --> 00:29:24,978
We have come to
dedicate a portion
513
00:29:25,080 --> 00:29:28,882
of that field as a
final resting place.
514
00:29:29,919 --> 00:29:33,253
For those who here
gave their lives
515
00:29:33,355 --> 00:29:35,289
that that nation might live.
516
00:29:37,660 --> 00:29:42,095
It is altogether fitting and
proper that we should do this.
517
00:29:45,935 --> 00:29:49,770
But in a larger sense,
we cannot dedicate.
518
00:29:49,872 --> 00:29:52,339
We cannot consecrate.
519
00:29:52,441 --> 00:29:55,576
We cannot hallow this ground.
520
00:29:55,678 --> 00:30:00,481
The brave men, living and
dead, who struggled here
521
00:30:00,583 --> 00:30:02,916
have consecrated it far beyond
522
00:30:03,018 --> 00:30:06,787
our poor power to
add or detract.
523
00:30:06,889 --> 00:30:09,823
(audience applauds)
524
00:30:12,962 --> 00:30:14,828
The world will little note,
525
00:30:15,898 --> 00:30:17,898
nor long remember
what we say here.
526
00:30:19,635 --> 00:30:21,902
But it can never forget
what they did here.
527
00:30:23,038 --> 00:30:26,106
(audience applauds)
528
00:30:31,514 --> 00:30:35,215
It is for us the living, rather,
529
00:30:37,086 --> 00:30:41,955
to be dedicated here
to the unfinished work.
530
00:30:42,958 --> 00:30:44,925
Which they who fought here
531
00:30:45,027 --> 00:30:47,961
have thus far so nobly advanced.
532
00:30:50,566 --> 00:30:55,435
It is rather for us
to be here dedicated.
533
00:30:57,773 --> 00:31:00,474
To the great task
remaining before us.
534
00:31:03,812 --> 00:31:07,981
That from these
honored dead we take
535
00:31:08,083 --> 00:31:12,853
increased devotion to
that cause for which
536
00:31:12,955 --> 00:31:16,056
they gave their last
full measure of devotion.
537
00:31:19,762 --> 00:31:24,998
We here highly resolve
that these dead
538
00:31:25,100 --> 00:31:26,900
shall not have died in vain!
539
00:31:28,771 --> 00:31:31,972
That this nation, under God,
540
00:31:33,008 --> 00:31:34,975
shall have a new
birth of freedom!
541
00:31:37,646 --> 00:31:42,649
And the government of the
people, by the people,
542
00:31:43,852 --> 00:31:48,522
for the people, shall not
perish from the earth.
543
00:31:50,826 --> 00:31:53,760
(audience applauds)
544
00:32:04,773 --> 00:32:09,676
- It's this tiny little
speech, 272 words,
545
00:32:09,778 --> 00:32:11,945
yet it distilled
all of the truths
546
00:32:12,047 --> 00:32:13,547
that he'd been thinking about,
547
00:32:13,649 --> 00:32:16,016
including the tragic
truth that a great
548
00:32:16,118 --> 00:32:18,619
many brave young
men on both sides
549
00:32:18,721 --> 00:32:22,322
killed each other to make
this a better country.
550
00:32:22,424 --> 00:32:25,158
And the best way to
honor their sacrifice
551
00:32:25,260 --> 00:32:29,363
is to recognize that
democracy, in its purest form,
552
00:32:29,465 --> 00:32:34,434
is for all people no matter
what their background is.
553
00:32:34,837 --> 00:32:38,305
- Lincoln took people
to the past, to 1776,
554
00:32:38,407 --> 00:32:40,018
and the Declaration
of Independence
555
00:32:40,042 --> 00:32:42,075
and its proposition.
556
00:32:42,177 --> 00:32:45,345
Then to the present,
to this great Civil War
557
00:32:45,447 --> 00:32:48,248
that we are engaged
in, testing whether
558
00:32:48,350 --> 00:32:50,884
that nation or any
nation so conceived
559
00:32:50,986 --> 00:32:53,954
and so dedicated
can long endure.
560
00:32:54,056 --> 00:32:58,725
And a proposition that
all men are created equal
561
00:32:58,827 --> 00:33:01,628
irrespective of their
birth, their class,
562
00:33:01,730 --> 00:33:04,364
their nation, their
religion, their language.
563
00:33:04,466 --> 00:33:06,900
Can a nation dedicated
to that proposition
564
00:33:07,002 --> 00:33:11,271
really, really
seriously survive?
565
00:33:12,508 --> 00:33:15,776
And with this crucial phrase
"a new birth of freedom"
566
00:33:15,878 --> 00:33:20,147
he was signaling not only the
emancipation proclamation,
567
00:33:20,249 --> 00:33:23,183
but he seemed to be
confessing a new birth
568
00:33:23,285 --> 00:33:25,752
of something inside of him too.
569
00:33:25,854 --> 00:33:29,322
A little bit like a
religious rebirth.
570
00:33:29,425 --> 00:33:32,726
You see a Lincoln who is
dragging his feet about slavery
571
00:33:32,828 --> 00:33:34,806
at the beginning of his
presidency was in fact
572
00:33:34,830 --> 00:33:38,498
promising not to touch
it where it existed,
573
00:33:38,600 --> 00:33:40,800
and was always disappointing
Frederick Douglas
574
00:33:40,836 --> 00:33:45,505
or white abolitionists, is
now moving pretty quickly.
575
00:33:46,809 --> 00:33:48,787
- Lincoln has changed
the character of the war.
576
00:33:48,811 --> 00:33:51,845
It now becomes an
idea of emancipation.
577
00:34:01,607 --> 00:34:03,607
(dramatic music)
578
00:34:03,709 --> 00:34:06,977
- There were so many people
dying, from being killed
579
00:34:07,079 --> 00:34:10,981
on the battlefield and from
the illnesses that people had,
580
00:34:12,317 --> 00:34:15,318
that there was an aura
of sadness and stress
581
00:34:15,421 --> 00:34:19,122
that Lincoln was under for
the entire time of the war.
582
00:34:20,092 --> 00:34:22,993
- Lincoln is
experiencing the losses
583
00:34:23,095 --> 00:34:27,664
on the southern side of this
equation, in his own family,
584
00:34:27,766 --> 00:34:29,677
because Mary's family
came from the south.
585
00:34:29,701 --> 00:34:32,936
And her people were fighting
on the Confederate side.
586
00:34:33,038 --> 00:34:35,505
Mary's sister Emilie
has lost her husband Ben
587
00:34:35,607 --> 00:34:36,885
whom Lincoln was very close to.
588
00:34:36,909 --> 00:34:39,242
He was in the Confederate
Army, and she comes
589
00:34:39,344 --> 00:34:42,779
to visit Washington
in the winter of 1863.
590
00:34:44,249 --> 00:34:48,018
- [Senator] So where are you
visiting from, Mrs. Helm?
591
00:34:48,120 --> 00:34:50,554
- My daughter and I were
living in Selma, Alabama.
592
00:34:51,390 --> 00:34:52,422
- Alabama?
593
00:34:52,524 --> 00:34:53,757
- Yes.
594
00:34:53,859 --> 00:34:56,159
Her husband was
killed at Chickamauga.
595
00:34:56,261 --> 00:34:57,461
- My condolences.
596
00:34:57,563 --> 00:34:59,162
He was a soldier?
597
00:35:00,732 --> 00:35:01,965
- A Confederate general.
598
00:35:06,672 --> 00:35:10,040
- Well I heard we whipped the
rebels so good at Chickamauga
599
00:35:10,142 --> 00:35:12,609
they went running like
scared little rabbits.
600
00:35:12,711 --> 00:35:13,844
(men chuckling)
601
00:35:13,946 --> 00:35:15,457
- Perhaps they were
following the example
602
00:35:15,481 --> 00:35:17,481
of your brave
federals at Manassas.
603
00:35:20,252 --> 00:35:21,318
- Ah, Mr. President.
604
00:35:22,521 --> 00:35:25,388
I see your sister-in-law
has quite a sharp tongue.
605
00:35:26,291 --> 00:35:28,558
- Well she is tired after all.
606
00:35:29,695 --> 00:35:32,596
- But tell me again why
Robert isn't fighting.
607
00:35:34,533 --> 00:35:36,066
- Because I won't let him.
608
00:35:36,168 --> 00:35:38,401
I value education above
all else, General.
609
00:35:38,504 --> 00:35:41,104
- Todds have suffered a
great deal in this war.
610
00:35:41,206 --> 00:35:42,606
- It's not a war.
611
00:35:42,708 --> 00:35:43,708
It's a rebellion.
612
00:35:45,043 --> 00:35:47,010
I only have the one son.
613
00:35:47,112 --> 00:35:48,112
And he's fighting.
614
00:35:49,248 --> 00:35:51,882
Even if I had 20,
they'd all be out there.
615
00:35:51,984 --> 00:35:53,083
Fighting the rebels.
616
00:35:53,185 --> 00:35:55,852
- Rest assured Senator,
if I had 20 sons
617
00:35:55,954 --> 00:35:57,988
they would all be
opposing yours.
618
00:35:59,024 --> 00:36:01,525
You Yankees talk about
freedom, but take ours.
619
00:36:01,627 --> 00:36:05,228
- You rebs talk freedom,
but you keep slaves.
620
00:36:05,330 --> 00:36:07,497
- Honestly, Mr. President,
I don't know why
621
00:36:07,599 --> 00:36:09,377
you let a woman like
this in your house.
622
00:36:09,401 --> 00:36:12,402
- General Sickles, my wife
and I are quite capable
623
00:36:12,504 --> 00:36:14,664
of choosing our own
guests without any help.
624
00:36:16,975 --> 00:36:18,575
- He's able to see what the war
625
00:36:18,677 --> 00:36:20,076
is doing to the Southern people,
626
00:36:20,178 --> 00:36:22,312
to feel that himself,
in a way that
627
00:36:22,414 --> 00:36:24,025
a lot of people in
the border states did
628
00:36:24,049 --> 00:36:26,169
'cause they had families
that were divided.
629
00:36:26,218 --> 00:36:28,129
So that empathy
that he always feels
630
00:36:28,153 --> 00:36:30,487
for other people's points
of view that's in him
631
00:36:30,589 --> 00:36:33,757
as a child is amplified
in a way by having
632
00:36:33,859 --> 00:36:36,893
to experience Mary's pain
when her sister comes.
633
00:36:36,995 --> 00:36:38,740
It just gives him
an extra dimension
634
00:36:38,764 --> 00:36:40,041
that I think allows
him to understand
635
00:36:40,065 --> 00:36:42,866
what's happening on all
sides of the country.
636
00:36:42,968 --> 00:36:44,579
- And Robert from
the very outset
637
00:36:44,603 --> 00:36:46,303
of the war had wanted to serve.
638
00:36:46,405 --> 00:36:49,706
This was a battle between
Abraham Lincoln and his wife.
639
00:36:49,808 --> 00:36:51,753
She had already
lost a son before
640
00:36:51,777 --> 00:36:53,443
they came to the White House.
641
00:36:53,545 --> 00:36:55,712
After she lost Willie
she was even wilder
642
00:36:55,814 --> 00:36:59,182
because Robert, he was
determined to enlist.
643
00:36:59,284 --> 00:37:00,817
Mary put a stop to it.
644
00:37:00,919 --> 00:37:04,054
Told his father he
could not allow this.
645
00:37:04,156 --> 00:37:06,356
- Lincoln is trying
to balance a lot
646
00:37:06,458 --> 00:37:08,758
of different pieces
of the puzzle.
647
00:37:08,860 --> 00:37:11,561
After Vicksburg,
after Gettysburg,
648
00:37:11,663 --> 00:37:13,897
he's elated to some extent.
649
00:37:13,999 --> 00:37:16,566
He sees that it's
possible that the war
650
00:37:16,668 --> 00:37:19,869
may be able to come to an end.
651
00:37:19,972 --> 00:37:21,972
- We tend to think
of the Civil War's
652
00:37:22,074 --> 00:37:24,274
decisive areas as in the east,
653
00:37:24,376 --> 00:37:27,644
but the west arguably
was more decisive.
654
00:37:27,746 --> 00:37:31,381
And out of the west rose
one general, Ulysses Grant.
655
00:37:31,483 --> 00:37:34,651
Grant was almost everything
that McClellan wasn't.
656
00:37:34,753 --> 00:37:36,786
He was very, very aggressive.
657
00:37:36,888 --> 00:37:39,122
Grant believed that
you had to pummel
658
00:37:39,224 --> 00:37:42,325
the south into submission
because they had proven
659
00:37:42,427 --> 00:37:44,794
that they were
not gonna give up.
660
00:37:44,896 --> 00:37:46,941
- Out in the Western Theater,
the Army of the Cumberland
661
00:37:46,965 --> 00:37:49,005
will lose at the
battle of Chickamauga.
662
00:37:50,102 --> 00:37:52,146
They'll be driven
back into Chattanooga.
663
00:37:52,170 --> 00:37:54,349
Confederate Army will
advance and cut them off.
664
00:37:54,373 --> 00:37:56,117
To rescue that army,
the responsibility
665
00:37:56,141 --> 00:37:58,208
is given to Ulysses S. Grant.
666
00:37:58,310 --> 00:38:00,877
He will counterattack and
drive the Confederates back,
667
00:38:00,979 --> 00:38:03,099
now opening an invasion
to the deep south.
668
00:38:03,181 --> 00:38:05,649
Grant's ability to
combine the activities
669
00:38:05,751 --> 00:38:08,251
of three armies together
is really the last
670
00:38:08,353 --> 00:38:10,186
metric that Lincoln needs to go
671
00:38:10,288 --> 00:38:12,489
that's the man we
need to run the war.
672
00:38:12,591 --> 00:38:15,558
And he will bring him
east in March of 1864.
673
00:38:15,661 --> 00:38:16,781
To be anointed the first
674
00:38:16,828 --> 00:38:19,295
Lieutenant General
of the regular army.
675
00:38:19,398 --> 00:38:21,464
The first since
George Washington.
676
00:38:23,502 --> 00:38:25,001
- It's Ohio isn't it?
677
00:38:25,103 --> 00:38:26,469
- [Ulysses] Yes sir.
678
00:38:26,571 --> 00:38:28,238
Spent time in Missouri too.
679
00:38:29,341 --> 00:38:30,073
- Oh.
680
00:38:30,175 --> 00:38:31,441
What did your father do?
681
00:38:32,411 --> 00:38:33,721
- He was a tanner,
Mr. President.
682
00:38:33,745 --> 00:38:34,785
He owned a tannery.
683
00:38:35,847 --> 00:38:37,113
Can't say I liked it much.
684
00:38:38,150 --> 00:38:39,150
The smell.
685
00:38:41,086 --> 00:38:43,006
- Yeah, I shot a
turkey as a boy.
686
00:38:44,523 --> 00:38:45,689
I hated it.
687
00:38:45,791 --> 00:38:47,223
I vowed never to do it again.
688
00:38:48,627 --> 00:38:50,471
So you don't care for
the smell of blood,
689
00:38:50,495 --> 00:38:52,929
and I don't like the sight
of it, yet here we are.
690
00:38:53,932 --> 00:38:55,276
You've worked around
animals, you know
691
00:38:55,300 --> 00:38:57,267
as well as anyone
that a quick end
692
00:38:57,369 --> 00:38:59,736
is far better than a
long and painful one.
693
00:38:59,838 --> 00:39:01,078
Some of my generals don't seem
694
00:39:01,106 --> 00:39:02,572
to understand that philosophy.
695
00:39:03,875 --> 00:39:07,010
Now I've been studying
for a while now, General.
696
00:39:07,112 --> 00:39:09,846
Discuss various plans
with how we can stand.
697
00:39:09,948 --> 00:39:11,526
I'd like to start with
a campaign engagement...
698
00:39:11,550 --> 00:39:13,883
- Mr. President, I appreciate
699
00:39:13,985 --> 00:39:16,086
all this, but I
have my own plan.
700
00:39:17,289 --> 00:39:19,889
We have better numbers,
better artillery.
701
00:39:19,991 --> 00:39:21,291
We control ports.
702
00:39:22,260 --> 00:39:24,380
We're also fighting
for the better cause.
703
00:39:26,865 --> 00:39:30,366
What we must do is attack
from these positions.
704
00:39:30,469 --> 00:39:31,534
All at once.
705
00:39:32,904 --> 00:39:36,406
Army of the Potomac will March
on Lee in Central Virginia.
706
00:39:36,508 --> 00:39:39,175
Butler will move on
in from the James.
707
00:39:39,277 --> 00:39:40,988
Sherman will move into
Georgia and Siegel
708
00:39:41,012 --> 00:39:43,446
will work the Shenandoah
cutting off supplies.
709
00:39:45,250 --> 00:39:46,250
- Yes.
710
00:39:47,552 --> 00:39:49,385
Pin them down on all sides.
711
00:39:49,488 --> 00:39:52,088
Anybody who can't do the
skinning will hold the leg.
712
00:39:53,425 --> 00:39:55,785
- I believe that will give
you the quick end you want.
713
00:39:57,462 --> 00:40:00,764
- Well I have heard promises
before from my generals.
714
00:40:00,866 --> 00:40:02,198
- Maybe so sir, but I mean it.
715
00:40:03,468 --> 00:40:05,113
I have no desire for
this war to go on
716
00:40:05,137 --> 00:40:06,736
a minute longer than it has to.
717
00:40:07,906 --> 00:40:09,839
- Well we have that in common.
718
00:40:12,144 --> 00:40:14,611
I have a feeling I won't
be needing these anymore.
719
00:40:17,516 --> 00:40:18,626
- [Barton] Abraham
Lincoln goes through
720
00:40:18,650 --> 00:40:22,619
six generals before he
finds Ulysses S. Grant.
721
00:40:22,721 --> 00:40:24,220
- They're both from the Midwest.
722
00:40:24,322 --> 00:40:25,600
They're both
incredibly practical.
723
00:40:25,624 --> 00:40:27,257
They quickly adapt.
724
00:40:27,359 --> 00:40:29,679
Ulysses S. Grant is a man
who takes responsibilities
725
00:40:29,728 --> 00:40:32,295
and doesn't ask for any
more than he can give.
726
00:40:32,397 --> 00:40:35,365
I think in that sense they see
the world very much the same.
727
00:40:35,467 --> 00:40:37,044
The idea that
somebody is rebelling
728
00:40:37,068 --> 00:40:38,735
and gonna tear the nation apart.
729
00:40:38,837 --> 00:40:41,204
This Grant has no time for.
730
00:40:41,306 --> 00:40:42,386
Neither does Lincoln.
731
00:40:43,875 --> 00:40:45,742
- Lincoln really appreciated
732
00:40:45,844 --> 00:40:49,245
the way Grant thought about war.
733
00:40:49,347 --> 00:40:52,582
To Grant, it wasn't
a gentleman's game.
734
00:40:52,684 --> 00:40:54,050
The point of war was to win.
735
00:40:55,654 --> 00:40:57,098
- [Barton] Grant
attaches himself
736
00:40:57,122 --> 00:40:58,454
to the Army of the Potomac.
737
00:40:58,557 --> 00:41:00,401
And at the beginning
of May, 1864,
738
00:41:00,425 --> 00:41:02,992
they fight a vicious
battle in the wilderness
739
00:41:03,094 --> 00:41:05,628
of Spotsylvania Courthouse
in Northern Virginia
740
00:41:05,730 --> 00:41:07,797
as Grant begins what becomes
741
00:41:07,899 --> 00:41:09,899
known as his Overland campaign.
742
00:41:19,945 --> 00:41:22,612
(dramatic music)
743
00:41:31,356 --> 00:41:32,356
- Sir.
744
00:41:33,725 --> 00:41:35,965
Should I instruct General
Hancock to fall back?
745
00:41:37,495 --> 00:41:38,495
- No.
746
00:41:39,831 --> 00:41:42,599
We're gonna send his corps in
and assault them at the angle.
747
00:41:43,535 --> 00:41:45,468
- All 20,000, sir?
748
00:41:49,441 --> 00:41:50,273
Of course, sir.
749
00:41:50,375 --> 00:41:51,375
I'll let him know.
750
00:41:53,178 --> 00:41:55,545
And Washington is
waiting for any news.
751
00:41:58,350 --> 00:41:59,390
- I don't have news.
752
00:42:02,654 --> 00:42:05,388
- The president
himself is asking, sir.
753
00:42:21,539 --> 00:42:22,839
- Send this.
754
00:42:22,941 --> 00:42:23,941
- Yes sir.
755
00:42:28,980 --> 00:42:31,340
- [Caroline] In the Battle
of Spotsylvania Courthouse,
756
00:42:31,383 --> 00:42:33,750
there was such a
massive bloodletting.
757
00:42:33,852 --> 00:42:35,463
- [Barton] You see
some of the worst
758
00:42:35,487 --> 00:42:38,121
and most deadly fighting
of the American Civil War.
759
00:42:38,223 --> 00:42:39,455
Hand-to-hand combat.
760
00:42:39,557 --> 00:42:42,959
You have utter viciousness
on a level that had
761
00:42:43,061 --> 00:42:45,728
not been previously even
seen in the Eastern Theater.
762
00:42:49,234 --> 00:42:50,433
- What does Grant write?
763
00:42:52,070 --> 00:42:53,369
Are there many casualties?
764
00:42:55,206 --> 00:42:57,206
- There are a great
many casualties.
765
00:42:59,978 --> 00:43:02,078
And writes he proposes
to fight it out
766
00:43:02,180 --> 00:43:04,247
on this line if it
takes all summer.
767
00:43:09,821 --> 00:43:12,021
But he's not gonna come
back until it's done.
768
00:43:13,291 --> 00:43:15,692
(tense music)
769
00:43:18,330 --> 00:43:21,464
- [Barton] 100,000
casualties roughly occurred
770
00:43:21,566 --> 00:43:23,933
in the span of six weeks' time
771
00:43:24,035 --> 00:43:26,147
between the Union and
Confederate armies.
772
00:43:26,171 --> 00:43:30,340
This brings the northern
war effort to its knees.
773
00:43:32,377 --> 00:43:34,410
- The losses that are suffered.
774
00:43:34,512 --> 00:43:37,146
The casualty figures.
775
00:43:37,248 --> 00:43:41,017
He says "If there is a worse
place than Hell, I am in it."
776
00:43:41,119 --> 00:43:43,119
And he wondered
out loud to others.
777
00:43:44,589 --> 00:43:47,123
Whether he would live
very long beyond the war.
778
00:43:48,126 --> 00:43:50,560
Given how much the war
had taken out of him.
779
00:43:51,730 --> 00:43:54,630
- After the Overland
campaign, Wilderness,
780
00:43:54,733 --> 00:43:58,301
Spotsylvania, North
Anna, Cold Harbor.
781
00:43:58,403 --> 00:43:59,981
This is the campaign
in the Eastern Theater
782
00:44:00,005 --> 00:44:03,373
Lincoln hopes will help him
win the election of 1864.
783
00:44:03,475 --> 00:44:06,109
However, as those casually
lists are going home,
784
00:44:06,211 --> 00:44:08,291
voters are seeing
those casualty lists.
785
00:44:08,346 --> 00:44:10,257
And you'd have to ask
yourself is Lincoln
786
00:44:10,281 --> 00:44:12,982
closer or further from
winning the election.
787
00:44:13,084 --> 00:44:14,884
Arguably he's further.
788
00:44:14,986 --> 00:44:17,106
He can't sustain these
kind of casualties.
789
00:44:18,289 --> 00:44:20,490
- [Mary] Grant sent
those men to their death.
790
00:44:21,860 --> 00:44:23,940
- He's the first real
General I've had.
791
00:44:24,829 --> 00:44:27,663
- So many boys, he
just throws them in.
792
00:44:29,334 --> 00:44:31,034
- That's war, Mary.
793
00:44:31,136 --> 00:44:33,669
- Well then there must be
a smarter way to win it.
794
00:44:33,772 --> 00:44:36,873
To achieve a victory than
through cold-blooded murder.
795
00:44:38,810 --> 00:44:40,730
- What are you
trying to tell me?
796
00:44:42,680 --> 00:44:43,980
- I don't blame you.
797
00:44:46,651 --> 00:44:47,651
- Glad to hear it.
798
00:44:49,754 --> 00:44:53,089
- But I am thinking of all
the young men out there.
799
00:44:55,060 --> 00:44:56,060
And of Robert.
800
00:44:58,897 --> 00:45:00,463
- Is Robert gonna be a soldier?
801
00:45:01,433 --> 00:45:02,433
- No.
802
00:45:04,035 --> 00:45:05,501
I know he'll ask you again.
803
00:45:08,139 --> 00:45:09,405
- And what can I tell him?
804
00:45:10,575 --> 00:45:12,735
Other men in Washington
have sons fighting.
805
00:45:14,979 --> 00:45:19,048
- But other women haven't
lost two sons already.
806
00:45:21,519 --> 00:45:24,454
Please don't let him go.
807
00:45:24,556 --> 00:45:26,956
(tense music)
808
00:45:30,895 --> 00:45:32,128
- The pressures that Lincoln
809
00:45:32,230 --> 00:45:34,630
is under in that
period are enormous.
810
00:45:34,732 --> 00:45:36,999
He couldn't sleep at
night, and his only
811
00:45:37,102 --> 00:45:39,936
solace was to be able
to pardon soldiers.
812
00:45:40,038 --> 00:45:42,149
Somehow by being able
to pardon a soldier
813
00:45:42,173 --> 00:45:45,141
who was going to
be killed or hanged
814
00:45:45,243 --> 00:45:46,976
for having run away from battle,
815
00:45:47,078 --> 00:45:49,023
or having fallen
asleep on picket duty,
816
00:45:49,047 --> 00:45:51,158
he would know the
happiness that the pardon
817
00:45:51,182 --> 00:45:53,194
would bring to his
family and it would give
818
00:45:53,218 --> 00:45:55,918
the soldier a second chance
to get his respect back,
819
00:45:56,020 --> 00:45:58,754
go back in the army, and
have served his cause.
820
00:45:59,958 --> 00:46:02,725
- After Cold Harbor Grant
changes his approach.
821
00:46:02,827 --> 00:46:04,438
Crosses over the
James, will threaten
822
00:46:04,462 --> 00:46:05,862
both Richmond and Petersburg.
823
00:46:05,964 --> 00:46:08,004
It will now have to
turn into a siege.
824
00:46:08,900 --> 00:46:11,400
If he can pin
Robert E. Lee down,
825
00:46:11,503 --> 00:46:12,613
Robert E. Lee who can't maneuver
826
00:46:12,637 --> 00:46:15,004
is not a dangerous
Robert E. Lee.
827
00:46:15,106 --> 00:46:17,440
- Now Lee understands
that he had to do
828
00:46:17,542 --> 00:46:20,076
something to put
pressure on the north.
829
00:46:20,178 --> 00:46:23,279
- [Doug] On June 13th, 1864,
Robert E. Lee unleashed
830
00:46:23,381 --> 00:46:26,449
Major General Jubal Early
up the Shenandoah Valley.
831
00:46:26,551 --> 00:46:29,285
If the Confederates could
threaten Washington DC,
832
00:46:29,387 --> 00:46:32,054
it would force Ulysses S.
Grant to pull Union troops
833
00:46:32,157 --> 00:46:34,824
from their efforts around
Richmond and Petersburg.
834
00:46:35,927 --> 00:46:39,896
- It's a very very scary
moment for the north.
835
00:46:39,998 --> 00:46:42,465
And so Lincoln goes
to Fort Stevens
836
00:46:42,567 --> 00:46:45,935
to inspire not only his
troops, but the north
837
00:46:46,037 --> 00:46:49,472
that was more and
more down on the war.
838
00:46:50,408 --> 00:46:51,941
He really could've been shot.
839
00:46:52,043 --> 00:46:54,243
So for Lincoln to go
up there and actually
840
00:46:54,345 --> 00:46:59,282
expose himself reveals
that old frontier guts.
841
00:46:59,884 --> 00:47:02,785
There was a side of
Lincoln that was fearless.
842
00:47:04,122 --> 00:47:06,322
(gunfire)
843
00:47:08,226 --> 00:47:09,292
- Gentlemen.
844
00:47:13,398 --> 00:47:14,398
Hello boys.
845
00:47:15,333 --> 00:47:16,333
Hello.
846
00:47:17,802 --> 00:47:20,236
- We should be far enough
removed from the rebels.
847
00:47:21,940 --> 00:47:24,020
But we'll start the
battery soon enough.
848
00:47:26,411 --> 00:47:27,009
- Soldier.
849
00:47:27,111 --> 00:47:27,944
- [Soldier] Sir?
850
00:47:28,046 --> 00:47:28,778
- That a Springfield?
851
00:47:28,880 --> 00:47:30,246
- Yes sir.
852
00:47:30,348 --> 00:47:31,547
- 68 caliber?
853
00:47:31,649 --> 00:47:34,317
No, it's the 58
with a rifle barrel.
854
00:47:34,419 --> 00:47:36,297
And it's more accurate
at a distance, sir.
855
00:47:36,321 --> 00:47:37,420
- How accurate?
856
00:47:37,522 --> 00:47:40,022
- You can hit someone
maybe 500 yards, sir.
857
00:47:40,124 --> 00:47:40,690
- That far?
858
00:47:40,792 --> 00:47:41,624
- Yes sir.
859
00:47:41,726 --> 00:47:42,758
(loud explosion)
860
00:47:42,860 --> 00:47:44,227
- For God's sake get down!
861
00:47:44,329 --> 00:47:45,895
- Take off that hat.
862
00:47:45,997 --> 00:47:47,563
(tense music)
863
00:47:47,665 --> 00:47:50,299
(guns firing)
864
00:48:03,231 --> 00:48:05,598
(gun fire)
865
00:48:05,700 --> 00:48:07,033
- Ah!
866
00:48:11,205 --> 00:48:12,638
- Are you okay?
867
00:48:14,375 --> 00:48:15,375
- Mr. President.
868
00:48:15,476 --> 00:48:16,208
- [Advisor] Let's go!
869
00:48:16,311 --> 00:48:17,343
- Come on!
870
00:48:17,445 --> 00:48:18,522
- If you don't come
now I'm gonna order you
871
00:48:18,546 --> 00:48:20,190
an ambulance and
force you outta here.
872
00:48:20,214 --> 00:48:21,380
Please, Mr. President!
873
00:48:21,482 --> 00:48:23,316
- All right, all right!
874
00:48:34,228 --> 00:48:36,462
- Lincoln rides out
to Fort Stevens.
875
00:48:36,564 --> 00:48:40,099
While he is there
Confederate sharpshooters
876
00:48:40,201 --> 00:48:43,336
come from the north and
attack this fortification.
877
00:48:44,439 --> 00:48:46,939
- And bullets were
whizzing by him.
878
00:48:47,041 --> 00:48:50,543
Sanding up as a very tall
target and being possibly shot.
879
00:48:50,645 --> 00:48:53,613
It shows you his
incredible courage.
880
00:48:53,715 --> 00:48:55,615
And that story got out.
881
00:48:55,717 --> 00:48:57,757
And it really inspired
a lot of people
882
00:48:57,852 --> 00:49:00,720
at an extremely low
moment in the war.
883
00:49:01,889 --> 00:49:03,500
- The mood of the
north is really
884
00:49:03,524 --> 00:49:06,325
disconsolate in
the summer of 1864.
885
00:49:06,427 --> 00:49:09,295
Despite the victory in
Gettysburg the year before,
886
00:49:09,397 --> 00:49:11,697
Grant is stuck on
his way to Richmond,
887
00:49:11,799 --> 00:49:15,301
the raid on Washington has
shocked people in the north,
888
00:49:15,403 --> 00:49:17,348
and the Republican
leaders come to Lincoln
889
00:49:17,372 --> 00:49:19,316
and they tell him there's
no way you're gonna
890
00:49:19,340 --> 00:49:21,841
win this election next November.
891
00:49:21,943 --> 00:49:24,777
- There is anti-war sentiment
growing in the north.
892
00:49:24,879 --> 00:49:27,079
Many northern
democrats don't believe
893
00:49:27,181 --> 00:49:29,515
that the war is
worth waging at all
894
00:49:29,617 --> 00:49:32,551
and they certainly aren't on
board with the emancipation.
895
00:49:32,654 --> 00:49:34,198
- [Ted] Henry
Raymond, the chairman
896
00:49:34,222 --> 00:49:37,757
of the Republican National
Committee, goes to see Lincoln.
897
00:49:37,859 --> 00:49:38,859
- Beautiful day.
898
00:49:39,894 --> 00:49:41,805
If the elections
were held today,
899
00:49:41,829 --> 00:49:44,363
you'd be beaten in
nearly every state.
900
00:49:44,465 --> 00:49:46,710
- So these are the glad
tidings that you bring me.
901
00:49:46,734 --> 00:49:48,234
(Henry chuckles)
902
00:49:48,336 --> 00:49:51,170
- There is something you
can do to change the tide.
903
00:49:51,272 --> 00:49:52,505
But you might not like it.
904
00:49:53,608 --> 00:49:55,486
People still believe
the rebels are willing
905
00:49:55,510 --> 00:49:57,977
to negotiate peace with reunion.
906
00:49:58,079 --> 00:50:01,247
The only thing standing in
the way is your emancipation.
907
00:50:01,349 --> 00:50:02,882
- Not true.
908
00:50:02,984 --> 00:50:04,428
Jeff Davis won't
budge on independence
909
00:50:04,452 --> 00:50:05,985
for his Confederacy.
910
00:50:06,087 --> 00:50:07,953
I know that, you know that.
911
00:50:08,056 --> 00:50:09,388
- The people don't.
912
00:50:09,490 --> 00:50:11,023
What if you negotiate that?
913
00:50:11,125 --> 00:50:15,761
Upon restoration of the
Union, war will cease at once.
914
00:50:15,863 --> 00:50:16,940
All remaining questions,
915
00:50:16,964 --> 00:50:20,766
including slavery,
will be resolved later.
916
00:50:20,868 --> 00:50:22,802
- So force Davis to say no.
917
00:50:24,005 --> 00:50:27,339
Then people will see that
emancipation isn't the problem.
918
00:50:27,442 --> 00:50:28,808
- That's the idea.
919
00:50:28,910 --> 00:50:31,477
- Don't think I haven't
thought of that myself.
920
00:50:32,447 --> 00:50:34,547
- Does he always
follow this close?
921
00:50:37,351 --> 00:50:40,753
- Oh, only when I'm with
a suspicious character.
922
00:50:43,057 --> 00:50:45,458
If I turn my back on
the black soldiers now,
923
00:50:45,560 --> 00:50:47,927
I will be damned in
time and eternity.
924
00:50:49,897 --> 00:50:54,033
I understand the political
merits of your idea,
925
00:50:54,135 --> 00:50:56,368
but I will keep my
word come what will.
926
00:50:57,772 --> 00:51:00,172
- Well your word may
cost you the election.
927
00:51:00,942 --> 00:51:03,542
(tense music)
928
00:51:08,449 --> 00:51:10,349
- Henry Raymond says every state
929
00:51:10,451 --> 00:51:12,318
that we need is against you.
930
00:51:12,420 --> 00:51:13,664
You're gonna lose Pennsylvania,
931
00:51:13,688 --> 00:51:15,187
you're gonna lose New York.
932
00:51:15,289 --> 00:51:17,022
You're gonna lose everything.
933
00:51:17,125 --> 00:51:18,268
- There's no way
you're gonna win
934
00:51:18,292 --> 00:51:20,137
the election this
November unless
935
00:51:20,161 --> 00:51:22,595
you are willing to bring
the south to peace talks
936
00:51:22,697 --> 00:51:25,498
on the basis of
restoring the Union alone
937
00:51:25,600 --> 00:51:28,868
and leaving emancipation
for a later time.
938
00:51:28,970 --> 00:51:31,971
- His entire life is now
wrapped up with bringing
939
00:51:32,073 --> 00:51:35,875
this war to a just conclusion.
940
00:51:35,977 --> 00:51:37,743
And the ultimate liberation
941
00:51:37,845 --> 00:51:40,479
of black people
on American soil.
942
00:51:40,581 --> 00:51:44,683
He has climbed a steep
mountain and you can't go down.
943
00:51:44,786 --> 00:51:46,886
All you can do is keep going up.
944
00:51:46,988 --> 00:51:49,032
- Lincoln is getting a lot
of pressure and criticism,
945
00:51:49,056 --> 00:51:51,624
so he calls Frederick
Douglas to the White House.
946
00:51:53,561 --> 00:51:56,729
- The plain truth is that I'm
likely to lose this election.
947
00:51:56,831 --> 00:51:58,230
- Are you so sure?
948
00:51:58,332 --> 00:52:00,377
- The Democrats will
nominate McClellan.
949
00:52:00,401 --> 00:52:03,435
And if he wins, everything
I've done will be undone.
950
00:52:03,538 --> 00:52:06,338
He'll sue for peace and
that'll be the end of the war.
951
00:52:06,440 --> 00:52:08,574
And of emancipation
of your people.
952
00:52:09,610 --> 00:52:11,388
And some people in my
own party would have me
953
00:52:11,412 --> 00:52:14,146
turn my back on emancipation
to win the election.
954
00:52:14,248 --> 00:52:16,282
- Well sir, I can tell you this.
955
00:52:16,384 --> 00:52:17,783
Black soldiers won't fight
956
00:52:17,885 --> 00:52:19,797
if freedom isn't
at the end of it.
957
00:52:19,821 --> 00:52:21,187
- And they shouldn't.
958
00:52:21,289 --> 00:52:22,289
I wouldn't.
959
00:52:23,257 --> 00:52:25,169
Now I want to get as
many slaves as possible
960
00:52:25,193 --> 00:52:27,092
to freedom in the case I lose.
961
00:52:27,195 --> 00:52:28,739
Frankly I was expecting
more to make it
962
00:52:28,763 --> 00:52:31,008
to our lines by now once
the proclamation got out.
963
00:52:31,032 --> 00:52:33,165
- It's a fair bet they
don't know about it.
964
00:52:34,635 --> 00:52:37,570
Masters know how to keep
their slaves in the dark.
965
00:52:38,706 --> 00:52:40,746
- This is exactly
why I sent for you.
966
00:52:43,177 --> 00:52:46,579
I'm asking you organize
a band of scouts.
967
00:52:46,681 --> 00:52:49,381
Something like old
John Brown had in mind.
968
00:52:49,483 --> 00:52:50,883
They could go into rebel states,
969
00:52:50,985 --> 00:52:54,253
encouraged slaves to escape
into our Union lines.
970
00:52:54,355 --> 00:52:56,889
Then we can protect them
once the worst happens.
971
00:52:57,458 --> 00:52:58,458
What do you say?
972
00:53:00,895 --> 00:53:03,963
- Mr. President,
I'm for freedom.
973
00:53:04,966 --> 00:53:06,232
Any way we can get it.
974
00:53:08,703 --> 00:53:11,837
- What came out of that
meeting was Douglas saw
975
00:53:11,939 --> 00:53:15,474
for the first time
Lincoln's hatred of slavery.
976
00:53:16,677 --> 00:53:19,712
- Douglas writes an elaborate
plan about sending an army
977
00:53:19,814 --> 00:53:22,781
of kind of, missionaries
into the deep south.
978
00:53:22,884 --> 00:53:25,818
To spread the word
about emancipation.
979
00:53:25,920 --> 00:53:28,621
Because if a Democrat
wins the presidency
980
00:53:28,723 --> 00:53:32,057
he will cancel the
emancipation proclamation.
981
00:53:32,159 --> 00:53:34,560
- Democratic Party
nominates McClellan.
982
00:53:34,662 --> 00:53:36,962
Good ol' McClellan
comes back to be
983
00:53:37,064 --> 00:53:39,265
his opponent in this election.
984
00:53:39,367 --> 00:53:41,467
And the platform of
the Democratic Party
985
00:53:41,569 --> 00:53:43,413
is really a
compromised platform.
986
00:53:43,437 --> 00:53:45,271
It's almost peace at any price.
987
00:53:45,373 --> 00:53:48,207
- There's more at stake in
this election than there
988
00:53:48,309 --> 00:53:51,076
had been in any other
election up to this point.
989
00:53:51,178 --> 00:53:52,745
- He wanted a second term.
990
00:53:52,847 --> 00:53:55,058
He said he wanted the second
term even more than the first
991
00:53:55,082 --> 00:53:56,727
because it would
be an endorsement
992
00:53:56,751 --> 00:53:57,950
of his administration.
993
00:53:58,052 --> 00:54:00,686
And he could get to finish
the job that he wanted to do.
994
00:54:01,622 --> 00:54:04,790
- And then William
Sherman takes Atlanta.
995
00:54:04,892 --> 00:54:08,360
And suddenly the
northern mood is bouyed.
996
00:54:08,462 --> 00:54:11,363
(loud explosions)
997
00:54:12,700 --> 00:54:15,734
- Sherman broke the
backbone of the deep south.
998
00:54:16,771 --> 00:54:19,171
- The tide turns in
northern public opinion.
999
00:54:19,273 --> 00:54:21,218
And people start to feel
good about the possibilities
1000
00:54:21,242 --> 00:54:23,186
of the war and that
it might end soon.
1001
00:54:23,210 --> 00:54:26,145
- He realizes that the
prospects for the Northern
1002
00:54:26,247 --> 00:54:28,747
victory at that time
were much much greater
1003
00:54:28,849 --> 00:54:30,727
than they had been
in the summer.
1004
00:54:30,751 --> 00:54:33,686
But still, for Lincoln it
was a very anxious moment.
1005
00:54:34,855 --> 00:54:36,767
- If he loses that
election, it would
1006
00:54:36,791 --> 00:54:38,958
be much more than
a personal blow.
1007
00:54:39,060 --> 00:54:41,593
It would be a calamity
for the country.
1008
00:54:41,696 --> 00:54:43,473
And the fear is that
the soldiers have loved
1009
00:54:43,497 --> 00:54:46,065
McClellan all along
and will vote for him.
1010
00:54:48,769 --> 00:54:51,704
- Still nothing from
Grant at Petersburg.
1011
00:54:51,806 --> 00:54:53,339
The siege may take months yet.
1012
00:54:53,441 --> 00:54:54,718
- We need something
big out of Grant
1013
00:54:54,742 --> 00:54:57,209
if we want to win
this damn election.
1014
00:54:57,311 --> 00:54:59,431
I don't like our chances
against McClellan.
1015
00:54:59,480 --> 00:55:00,879
People are fickle.
1016
00:55:00,982 --> 00:55:03,193
Atlanta's already starting
to fade in their minds.
1017
00:55:03,217 --> 00:55:05,257
- I hear my boy Tad
paid you a visit!
1018
00:55:05,319 --> 00:55:06,885
With his pet turkey.
1019
00:55:06,988 --> 00:55:08,721
- Yes sir, that's right.
1020
00:55:08,823 --> 00:55:11,223
Chased that turkey
all over the place.
1021
00:55:11,325 --> 00:55:14,226
- Oh I asked him if he'd be
voting alongside you boys.
1022
00:55:14,328 --> 00:55:15,661
(soldiers laugh)
1023
00:55:15,763 --> 00:55:17,096
- What did Tad say, sir?
1024
00:55:17,198 --> 00:55:20,065
Well he said no pa,
he's not of age.
1025
00:55:20,167 --> 00:55:22,668
(group laughing)
1026
00:55:22,770 --> 00:55:23,836
Thank you boys.
1027
00:55:23,938 --> 00:55:24,603
- Thank you, sir.
- Thank you, sir.
1028
00:55:24,705 --> 00:55:25,705
- Thank you.
1029
00:55:26,841 --> 00:55:29,308
- This is hardly
the time for jokes.
1030
00:55:29,410 --> 00:55:30,410
- I'm not joking.
1031
00:55:31,445 --> 00:55:33,726
We need to make sure
soldiers like those can vote.
1032
00:55:33,814 --> 00:55:37,049
- Sir, just because these
Pennsylvania boys like you,
1033
00:55:37,151 --> 00:55:39,451
they live here, of
course they like you.
1034
00:55:39,553 --> 00:55:40,664
- They believe in the war.
1035
00:55:40,688 --> 00:55:42,287
- Yes, but against McClellan?
1036
00:55:43,324 --> 00:55:45,235
- He did build the
Army of the Potomac.
1037
00:55:45,259 --> 00:55:47,499
- And now he makes a
mistake betting against it.
1038
00:55:48,496 --> 00:55:49,762
Democrats want the war to end
1039
00:55:49,864 --> 00:55:51,775
because they say
we can't win it.
1040
00:55:51,799 --> 00:55:53,198
- Nobody wants to lose.
1041
00:55:55,770 --> 00:55:57,503
Especially the soldier.
1042
00:55:57,605 --> 00:56:00,572
- That's why I want as many
of them to vote as possible.
1043
00:56:00,674 --> 00:56:01,818
I'd rather lose
with those soldiers
1044
00:56:01,842 --> 00:56:04,576
behind me then get
reelected without them.
1045
00:56:04,678 --> 00:56:07,479
- I can wire Sheridan
and other generals.
1046
00:56:07,581 --> 00:56:10,883
Tell them to allow leave to
any soldiers who want to vote.
1047
00:56:10,985 --> 00:56:12,945
- Especially in
the border states.
1048
00:56:14,922 --> 00:56:17,923
Make sure that the furloughs
are granted liberty too.
1049
00:56:19,293 --> 00:56:20,426
- And if you're wrong?
1050
00:56:34,108 --> 00:56:35,986
- They'll never
put us in charge.
1051
00:56:36,010 --> 00:56:37,810
Same as white officers?
1052
00:56:39,447 --> 00:56:40,447
Go home.
1053
00:56:41,248 --> 00:56:42,381
- They might.
1054
00:56:44,185 --> 00:56:46,185
What do you think
about that, James?
1055
00:56:46,987 --> 00:56:49,054
- We're fighting same as anyone.
1056
00:56:49,156 --> 00:56:51,457
No reason why we
shouldn't be commissioned.
1057
00:56:55,095 --> 00:56:56,095
- Corporal James!
1058
00:56:57,531 --> 00:56:58,531
- Sir!
1059
00:56:58,599 --> 00:57:00,065
- You too, Fleetwood and Beaty.
1060
00:57:00,167 --> 00:57:01,366
You got orders.
1061
00:57:01,469 --> 00:57:03,380
Prepare your men to
attack at daybreak.
1062
00:57:03,404 --> 00:57:04,404
- Yes sir!
1063
00:57:05,706 --> 00:57:06,706
Come on men!
1064
00:57:08,142 --> 00:57:11,610
- Grant has laid
siege to Petersburg.
1065
00:57:11,712 --> 00:57:13,356
And Lincoln gives
Grant his orders.
1066
00:57:13,380 --> 00:57:16,348
He tells him to go after
Lee and chew and bite
1067
00:57:16,450 --> 00:57:18,817
and hold on with a
bulldog grip, he says.
1068
00:57:18,919 --> 00:57:21,720
It turns into a major stalemate.
1069
00:57:21,822 --> 00:57:25,157
- Grant's armies are
squeezing the Confederacy
1070
00:57:25,259 --> 00:57:28,060
and trying to get to Richmond.
1071
00:57:28,162 --> 00:57:29,906
- During the
Petersburg campaign,
1072
00:57:29,930 --> 00:57:31,630
General Benjamin Butler
1073
00:57:31,732 --> 00:57:34,399
is one of the first
generals who started
1074
00:57:34,502 --> 00:57:36,735
using black troops to
help in any sort of way
1075
00:57:36,837 --> 00:57:39,271
when they were quote
unquote "contraband."
1076
00:57:39,373 --> 00:57:41,640
So he decides he's going to put
1077
00:57:41,742 --> 00:57:43,909
some of his black
troops front and center.
1078
00:57:45,112 --> 00:57:48,413
- Lincoln has developed
a real appreciation
1079
00:57:48,516 --> 00:57:51,383
of black people serving
in the Union Army.
1080
00:57:51,485 --> 00:57:53,430
He says we will all
remember that there were
1081
00:57:53,454 --> 00:57:56,088
some black men
with their bayonets
1082
00:57:56,190 --> 00:57:57,968
and their steel-hearted
eyes who helped
1083
00:57:57,992 --> 00:58:01,159
mankind to preserve
the Republic.
1084
00:58:01,262 --> 00:58:03,729
- All of them understand
it is their opportunity
1085
00:58:03,831 --> 00:58:06,665
and their moment to
show themselves as men
1086
00:58:06,767 --> 00:58:09,134
worthy of freedom
and citizenship.
1087
00:58:09,236 --> 00:58:11,870
Not just for themselves,
but for their families.
1088
00:58:11,972 --> 00:58:14,540
And that becomes
the driving force.
1089
00:58:14,642 --> 00:58:16,686
- The stakes were
very high because when
1090
00:58:16,710 --> 00:58:20,746
the Confederacy encounters
black Union Army soldiers,
1091
00:58:20,848 --> 00:58:23,615
they don't want to treat
them as prisoners of war.
1092
00:58:23,717 --> 00:58:26,785
They want to treat them
as escaped slave rebels.
1093
00:58:26,887 --> 00:58:28,554
And kill them.
1094
00:58:28,656 --> 00:58:30,455
Or sell them back into slavery.
1095
00:58:32,326 --> 00:58:34,793
(guns firing)
1096
00:58:50,611 --> 00:58:53,011
(tense music)
1097
00:59:02,056 --> 00:59:03,667
- [Beaty] Do you
ever get scared?
1098
00:59:03,691 --> 00:59:04,923
- Leave him be, Beaty.
1099
00:59:06,594 --> 00:59:07,693
- Be stupid not to be.
1100
00:59:09,730 --> 00:59:11,029
- That's what I'm saying.
1101
00:59:11,131 --> 00:59:12,809
I kept thinking
about (indistinct).
1102
00:59:12,833 --> 00:59:14,433
What if I get captured?
1103
00:59:15,569 --> 00:59:16,649
- That's an easy one.
1104
00:59:18,939 --> 00:59:20,138
Don't get captured.
1105
00:59:21,208 --> 00:59:22,208
- Calvary ready!
1106
00:59:23,043 --> 00:59:24,242
Advance!
1107
00:59:24,345 --> 00:59:27,279
(soldiers war cry)
1108
00:59:29,817 --> 00:59:32,284
(guns firing)
1109
00:59:38,692 --> 00:59:42,661
- They are being mowed down
with artillery and gunfire.
1110
00:59:42,763 --> 00:59:44,930
Many of their officers died.
1111
00:59:45,032 --> 00:59:46,977
And when their
officers were killed,
1112
00:59:47,001 --> 00:59:48,934
the sergeants took over.
1113
00:59:54,274 --> 00:59:56,642
- Sergeant Major Christian
Fleetwood would see
1114
00:59:56,744 --> 01:00:00,212
the colors go down, he would
grab them and rally his men.
1115
01:00:00,314 --> 01:00:02,047
First Sergeant Powhatan Beaty
1116
01:00:02,149 --> 01:00:04,027
would take command
of his company.
1117
01:00:04,051 --> 01:00:06,291
His knapsack was shot
off, his hat was shot off,
1118
01:00:06,387 --> 01:00:08,507
the sole of one of his
shoes was shot off.
1119
01:00:14,028 --> 01:00:18,030
Miles James, his arms
mangled by Confederate shot,
1120
01:00:18,132 --> 01:00:20,732
loaded and fired his
rifle with one arm.
1121
01:00:20,834 --> 01:00:23,535
(Miles screams)
1122
01:00:26,540 --> 01:00:28,940
Of the 25 African Americans
that would receive
1123
01:00:29,043 --> 01:00:31,810
the Medal of Honor during
the Civil War, 14 of them
1124
01:00:31,912 --> 01:00:34,613
were awarded at the Battle
for New Market Heights.
1125
01:00:34,715 --> 01:00:36,214
Including Christian Fleetwood,
1126
01:00:36,316 --> 01:00:40,285
including Powhatan Beaty,
and including Miles James.
1127
01:00:40,387 --> 01:00:43,088
- There will be about
180,000 African American men
1128
01:00:43,190 --> 01:00:46,324
free and enslaved who
will join the US Army
1129
01:00:46,427 --> 01:00:49,895
representing about
10% of the army.
1130
01:00:49,997 --> 01:00:52,097
Lincoln even says
that that added
1131
01:00:52,199 --> 01:00:55,801
10% will make the
difference in the war.
1132
01:00:55,903 --> 01:00:57,847
- [Doug] After the battle
for New Market Heights,
1133
01:00:57,871 --> 01:00:59,315
the Confederates
retreat up the road
1134
01:00:59,339 --> 01:01:01,807
and set up another
defensive line.
1135
01:01:01,909 --> 01:01:06,011
And as fall of 1864
approaches, Grant continues
1136
01:01:06,113 --> 01:01:08,814
to be stalemated outside
of Richmond and Petersburg,
1137
01:01:08,916 --> 01:01:10,527
and Lincoln is in
doubt whether or not
1138
01:01:10,551 --> 01:01:12,417
he can win the election.
1139
01:01:12,519 --> 01:01:17,456
(office chatter) (tense music)
1140
01:01:24,698 --> 01:01:27,099
- [John] From Forney
in Philadelphia.
1141
01:01:27,201 --> 01:01:29,568
Says we're gonna win by
10,000 in Pennsylvania.
1142
01:01:32,206 --> 01:01:33,905
- Forney, he's always excitable.
1143
01:01:37,878 --> 01:01:40,011
- This one says Baltimore
goes Republican.
1144
01:01:41,348 --> 01:01:43,849
That can only mean
you're winning.
1145
01:01:43,951 --> 01:01:45,911
- I'm far from
being certain, John.
1146
01:01:48,021 --> 01:01:49,788
I wish I was certain.
1147
01:01:51,091 --> 01:01:53,859
(dramatic music)
1148
01:01:55,496 --> 01:01:57,429
(chatter)
1149
01:02:02,870 --> 01:02:05,237
- Reilly says we'll
have New York.
1150
01:02:06,540 --> 01:02:07,540
New York.
1151
01:02:10,611 --> 01:02:11,710
And now Indiana.
1152
01:02:15,215 --> 01:02:16,581
You can't deny it.
1153
01:02:17,484 --> 01:02:21,219
(office celebratory chatter)
1154
01:02:39,306 --> 01:02:40,839
- You did it.
1155
01:02:40,941 --> 01:02:42,674
- We did it, boys.
1156
01:02:42,776 --> 01:02:45,057
- [Office Worker]
Congratulations, Mr. President.
1157
01:02:45,379 --> 01:02:47,724
- [Barton] Lincoln is elected
in an electoral landslide.
1158
01:02:47,748 --> 01:02:51,016
- And he wins with the twin
goals of Union and emancipation
1159
01:02:51,118 --> 01:02:54,085
intact because of his
courage that terrible summer
1160
01:02:54,188 --> 01:02:55,899
when he thought he
might lose the election,
1161
01:02:55,923 --> 01:02:57,163
but was unwilling to sacrifice
1162
01:02:57,191 --> 01:02:58,924
emancipation in order to do so.
1163
01:02:59,026 --> 01:03:00,192
It's a great moment.
1164
01:03:00,294 --> 01:03:04,129
What has happened over
time is that people's
1165
01:03:04,231 --> 01:03:07,232
attitudes toward adding
emancipation as a goal
1166
01:03:07,334 --> 01:03:10,535
to the restoration of
the Union has increased.
1167
01:03:10,637 --> 01:03:13,071
That's what a leader does,
that's what events do.
1168
01:03:13,173 --> 01:03:14,873
That's what movements do.
1169
01:03:14,975 --> 01:03:16,808
They change public sentiment.
1170
01:03:16,910 --> 01:03:18,855
And the extraordinary
thing is that seven
1171
01:03:18,879 --> 01:03:20,959
out of the 10 soldiers
vote for Lincoln.
1172
01:03:21,014 --> 01:03:22,826
They know that they may
be extending the war,
1173
01:03:22,850 --> 01:03:24,894
they know they may be
sacrificing their lives,
1174
01:03:24,918 --> 01:03:26,763
but by then they
believe in the cause,
1175
01:03:26,787 --> 01:03:28,865
they believe in Lincoln,
and they're willing to give
1176
01:03:28,889 --> 01:03:32,057
their lives for the cause
that they now believe in.
1177
01:03:32,159 --> 01:03:33,770
- And a lot of that
comes from the fact
1178
01:03:33,794 --> 01:03:37,362
that he had met these guys
and talked to these guys.
1179
01:03:37,464 --> 01:03:40,966
I don't know that we've
ever had someone leading
1180
01:03:41,068 --> 01:03:44,870
our nation that had the
depth of skill that he has.
1181
01:03:44,972 --> 01:03:48,773
Call it political savvy,
call it statesmanship,
1182
01:03:48,876 --> 01:03:50,742
call it just plain common sense.
1183
01:03:50,844 --> 01:03:52,711
Whatever it is, Lincoln has it.
1184
01:03:52,813 --> 01:03:54,779
And part of that is to show
1185
01:03:54,882 --> 01:03:58,383
his commonness
with the soldiers.
1186
01:03:58,485 --> 01:04:01,519
Show them that he's one of them.
1187
01:04:01,622 --> 01:04:03,466
- After the election,
Sherman is really
1188
01:04:03,490 --> 01:04:05,857
making swift progress
as he and his army
1189
01:04:05,959 --> 01:04:08,326
march across the
south to the sea.
1190
01:04:09,529 --> 01:04:11,341
- [Caroline] And it's there
that Lincoln really sees
1191
01:04:11,365 --> 01:04:13,598
that the end of the
war must be upon them.
1192
01:04:14,635 --> 01:04:17,035
- And he worries that
if the war is over,
1193
01:04:17,137 --> 01:04:20,105
the emancipation proclamation,
which is an executive order,
1194
01:04:20,207 --> 01:04:22,118
may no longer be valid
because he's using
1195
01:04:22,142 --> 01:04:25,243
military necessity as
his cover for doing it.
1196
01:04:25,345 --> 01:04:27,123
And that's when he
begins to champion
1197
01:04:27,147 --> 01:04:30,115
the 13th amendment to
end slavery forever.
1198
01:04:42,863 --> 01:04:45,897
- We need to start thinking
about after this ends.
1199
01:04:45,999 --> 01:04:47,666
- Are you talking to him or me?
1200
01:04:48,702 --> 01:04:50,402
(Lincoln laughs)
1201
01:04:50,504 --> 01:04:52,315
- [Painter] Mr. President,
you must remain still.
1202
01:04:52,339 --> 01:04:53,805
- Yes, of course.
1203
01:04:57,077 --> 01:04:58,643
I'm gonna revisit the amendment.
1204
01:05:02,049 --> 01:05:03,515
- We won seats in the House.
1205
01:05:05,085 --> 01:05:07,819
You have a better chance
now than ever before.
1206
01:05:07,921 --> 01:05:09,961
- I will need to
sway a few Democrats.
1207
01:05:10,023 --> 01:05:12,157
- Why not wait until
the rebellion is over.
1208
01:05:14,428 --> 01:05:15,627
- [Painter] Mr. President.
1209
01:05:15,729 --> 01:05:16,729
- My apologies.
1210
01:05:18,598 --> 01:05:19,878
An amendment to the Constitution
1211
01:05:19,967 --> 01:05:21,399
winds the whole thing up.
1212
01:05:21,501 --> 01:05:22,567
It's done forever.
1213
01:05:23,804 --> 01:05:25,937
We'll need at least
five to go our way.
1214
01:05:27,374 --> 01:05:29,507
- You'll need to offer
them something real.
1215
01:05:32,412 --> 01:05:34,813
- Perhaps I have a longer
reach than you realize.
1216
01:05:35,615 --> 01:05:38,216
(tense music)
1217
01:05:42,122 --> 01:05:44,389
- Lincoln believed that
the founding fathers
1218
01:05:44,491 --> 01:05:48,259
had meant for slavery
to end, but that they
1219
01:05:48,362 --> 01:05:51,363
didn't believe that they
could just end it overnight.
1220
01:05:51,465 --> 01:05:53,198
That it was like a cancer.
1221
01:05:53,300 --> 01:05:55,400
So widespread you
might not be able
1222
01:05:55,502 --> 01:05:58,236
to cut it out without
damaging the patient,
1223
01:05:58,338 --> 01:06:01,106
but you can find
ways to contain it.
1224
01:06:01,208 --> 01:06:04,576
But by this time he's not asking
1225
01:06:04,678 --> 01:06:06,511
for the consent of the people.
1226
01:06:06,613 --> 01:06:08,646
He's not asking
for colonization.
1227
01:06:08,749 --> 01:06:11,449
He's not asking for
anything gradual.
1228
01:06:11,551 --> 01:06:14,686
- Lincoln knew that saying
now the war is over,
1229
01:06:14,788 --> 01:06:19,224
you guys go back, be
slaves, was a nonstarter.
1230
01:06:19,326 --> 01:06:21,286
That the emancipation
proclamation
1231
01:06:21,328 --> 01:06:23,206
was a fit and
necessary war measure,
1232
01:06:23,230 --> 01:06:27,198
but when the war was over it
was no longer a legal measure.
1233
01:06:27,300 --> 01:06:29,412
- And this is why you
need the 13th amendment.
1234
01:06:29,436 --> 01:06:31,436
You have to change
the Constitution.
1235
01:06:31,538 --> 01:06:35,473
- You've got almost
four million people
1236
01:06:35,575 --> 01:06:38,943
who are enslaved, and there
was nothing to prevent
1237
01:06:39,046 --> 01:06:42,847
southerners from
re-establishing slavery
1238
01:06:42,949 --> 01:06:46,618
in the south unless this
13th amendment was issued.
1239
01:06:46,720 --> 01:06:48,520
He realized that something had
1240
01:06:48,622 --> 01:06:50,922
to be done that was permanent.
1241
01:06:51,024 --> 01:06:54,359
And so he is determined
that this amendment
1242
01:06:54,461 --> 01:06:56,594
is going to pass Congress.
1243
01:06:56,696 --> 01:06:57,829
And it does.
1244
01:06:58,799 --> 01:07:02,067
- He came to recognize
the inconsistency
1245
01:07:02,169 --> 01:07:05,603
that a nation conceived in
liberty would have slavery.
1246
01:07:05,705 --> 01:07:09,107
- To the extent that America
has any kind of standing
1247
01:07:09,209 --> 01:07:12,510
in the world now is in
part the consequence
1248
01:07:12,612 --> 01:07:17,215
of people knowing about
Lincoln and his views
1249
01:07:17,317 --> 01:07:20,318
on slavery and his
views on freedom.
1250
01:07:20,420 --> 01:07:22,787
He has evolved in his thinking.
1251
01:07:23,790 --> 01:07:25,750
And it's the war
that has done it.
1252
01:07:27,127 --> 01:07:30,395
- By the time the 13th
amendment came along,
1253
01:07:30,497 --> 01:07:32,730
the war was dragging on and on.
1254
01:07:32,833 --> 01:07:36,000
More Americans died in
that war than in any other.
1255
01:07:36,103 --> 01:07:37,569
Both sides.
1256
01:07:38,438 --> 01:07:39,871
And a lot had happened to him
1257
01:07:39,973 --> 01:07:42,013
and to the whole
country by that time.
1258
01:07:43,210 --> 01:07:46,077
He's seen the death,
he's experienced extreme
1259
01:07:46,179 --> 01:07:50,982
personal loss early in the
war with the death of Willie.
1260
01:07:51,084 --> 01:07:52,517
All of this has moved him.
1261
01:07:53,320 --> 01:07:56,354
And he's carried the
weight of a nation on him.
1262
01:07:56,456 --> 01:07:59,257
(dramatic music)
1263
01:08:50,944 --> 01:08:54,646
- All these people
wiped out by the war.
1264
01:08:54,748 --> 01:08:58,016
He must write letters
consoling those
1265
01:08:58,118 --> 01:09:01,319
who had lost members
of families, fathers,
1266
01:09:01,421 --> 01:09:05,256
brothers, and all of
this grinds him down.
1267
01:09:05,358 --> 01:09:07,358
You see it in his face.
1268
01:09:07,460 --> 01:09:11,529
The hollows of his cheeks
sink more deeply in.
1269
01:09:11,631 --> 01:09:14,999
He said at one point that
there was a tired spot
1270
01:09:15,101 --> 01:09:19,103
in him that no amount
of rest could touch.
1271
01:09:19,206 --> 01:09:20,950
- Those photographs
are haunting.
1272
01:09:20,974 --> 01:09:24,075
Etched on his face
is a testimony,
1273
01:09:24,177 --> 01:09:27,245
a record of the stress
that he endured.
1274
01:09:27,347 --> 01:09:31,015
Every president ages
during their presidency,
1275
01:09:31,851 --> 01:09:35,053
but nothing like Lincoln
1276
01:09:35,155 --> 01:09:38,556
three or four years
after he assumes office.
1277
01:09:38,658 --> 01:09:41,826
It gives you a sense of the
burden that he was carrying.
1278
01:09:41,928 --> 01:09:44,495
- How can any human being accept
1279
01:09:44,598 --> 01:09:46,798
the casualties
that were piling up
1280
01:09:46,900 --> 01:09:49,734
and take personal responsibility
1281
01:09:49,836 --> 01:09:53,137
without resigning
or killing yourself
1282
01:09:53,240 --> 01:09:56,074
over this tragedy,
unless you could find
1283
01:09:56,176 --> 01:09:58,476
a higher power that
was instrumental
1284
01:09:58,578 --> 01:10:02,080
in causing the war
to go on for so long.
1285
01:10:02,182 --> 01:10:04,515
And Lincoln writes a
memo to himself that has
1286
01:10:04,618 --> 01:10:07,952
become known as a Meditation
on the Divine Will.
1287
01:10:08,054 --> 01:10:11,256
If God wills that this contest
continue, it will continue.
1288
01:10:11,358 --> 01:10:14,125
It must be divine providence
forcing us to have
1289
01:10:14,227 --> 01:10:17,762
this bitter confrontation over
the future of our country.
1290
01:10:17,864 --> 01:10:19,775
But Lincoln never
joined a church.
1291
01:10:19,799 --> 01:10:22,033
He was not a believer
in organized religion.
1292
01:10:22,869 --> 01:10:26,371
- As he prepared for the
second inaugural address,
1293
01:10:26,473 --> 01:10:31,242
he wanted to make clear to
everybody that he, Lincoln,
1294
01:10:31,344 --> 01:10:36,247
understood that the war had
been a war to free the slaves.
1295
01:10:36,349 --> 01:10:39,517
And not just a war
to save the Union.
1296
01:10:39,619 --> 01:10:43,254
And he wanted to make sure
that everybody understood
1297
01:10:43,356 --> 01:10:47,659
that slavery was done
forever in the country.
1298
01:11:05,078 --> 01:11:06,311
- Fellow countrymen.
1299
01:11:08,281 --> 01:11:12,717
Four years ago, all
thoughts were anxiously
1300
01:11:12,819 --> 01:11:15,586
directed to an
impending civil war.
1301
01:11:17,590 --> 01:11:18,656
All dreaded it.
1302
01:11:19,893 --> 01:11:21,592
All sought to avert it.
1303
01:11:24,164 --> 01:11:28,900
Neither party, expected
for the war, the magnitude
1304
01:11:29,002 --> 01:11:32,036
or the duration, which
it has already attained.
1305
01:11:32,939 --> 01:11:35,773
Both read the same bible.
1306
01:11:35,875 --> 01:11:37,909
And pray to the same God.
1307
01:11:38,978 --> 01:11:41,913
And each invokes his
aid against the other.
1308
01:11:43,416 --> 01:11:46,184
- And Douglas was
there in the front row
1309
01:11:46,286 --> 01:11:49,320
listening to Lincoln's
inaugural address.
1310
01:11:50,190 --> 01:11:51,723
There's a great photograph.
1311
01:11:51,825 --> 01:11:55,727
It shows Lincoln at the
lectern, Douglas with his
1312
01:11:55,829 --> 01:11:57,640
big hair, that's how
you can recognize him,
1313
01:11:57,664 --> 01:12:00,031
and in the balcony
is John Wilkes Booth.
1314
01:12:01,668 --> 01:12:03,835
- If God wills it, it continue.
1315
01:12:04,838 --> 01:12:08,005
Until all the wealth
piled by the bondsman's
1316
01:12:08,108 --> 01:12:13,077
250 years of unrequited
toil shall be sunk!
1317
01:12:14,314 --> 01:12:18,116
And until every drop of
blood drawn with the lash
1318
01:12:18,218 --> 01:12:22,019
shall be paid by another
drawn with the sword!
1319
01:12:22,122 --> 01:12:24,162
- What you see in
the second inaugural
1320
01:12:24,190 --> 01:12:27,392
is not a certainty of victory.
1321
01:12:28,962 --> 01:12:33,464
But a certainty of the
rightness of the struggle.
1322
01:12:33,566 --> 01:12:38,169
An almost biblical,
righteous, prophetic
1323
01:12:39,572 --> 01:12:43,408
vision of why this
struggle was necessary.
1324
01:12:44,477 --> 01:12:47,278
- As was said 3,000 years ago.
1325
01:12:48,515 --> 01:12:50,581
So still it must be said.
1326
01:12:51,785 --> 01:12:55,553
The judgments of
the Lord are true
1327
01:12:55,655 --> 01:12:58,022
and righteous altogether.
1328
01:12:58,124 --> 01:13:01,459
- His consciousness of
something bigger than himself
1329
01:13:01,561 --> 01:13:05,463
and the need to recognize
that a form of pain
1330
01:13:05,565 --> 01:13:08,666
had existed in America
for generations before
1331
01:13:08,768 --> 01:13:11,335
he came along and it would
not instantly be solved.
1332
01:13:12,806 --> 01:13:16,607
- It's a statement of the
need to rewire the country.
1333
01:13:16,709 --> 01:13:18,910
To change its moral axis.
1334
01:13:19,012 --> 01:13:20,945
He's now telling a new story.
1335
01:13:21,948 --> 01:13:24,415
About what America should be.
1336
01:13:24,517 --> 01:13:25,517
Who are we?
1337
01:13:25,618 --> 01:13:27,185
What do we believe in?
1338
01:13:27,287 --> 01:13:29,320
- With malice toward none.
1339
01:13:30,490 --> 01:13:33,224
With charity for all.
1340
01:13:34,294 --> 01:13:37,061
With firmness in the right.
1341
01:13:37,163 --> 01:13:39,597
As God gives us
to see the right!
1342
01:13:40,934 --> 01:13:44,235
Let us strive on to
finish the work we are in.
1343
01:13:45,338 --> 01:13:47,605
To bind up the nation's wounds.
1344
01:13:49,242 --> 01:13:52,777
To care for him who shall
have borne the battle.
1345
01:13:54,180 --> 01:13:55,180
And for his widow.
1346
01:13:56,783 --> 01:13:57,783
And his orphan.
1347
01:13:59,652 --> 01:14:02,053
To do all which may achieve
1348
01:14:02,155 --> 01:14:05,490
and cherish a just
and lasting peace.
1349
01:14:06,059 --> 01:14:07,725
Among ourselves.
1350
01:14:08,628 --> 01:14:10,695
And with all nations!
1351
01:14:15,602 --> 01:14:18,669
(audience applauds)
1352
01:14:18,771 --> 01:14:22,240
(dramatic music swells)
1353
01:14:49,285 --> 01:14:52,887
(crowd chatter) (tense music)
1354
01:14:52,989 --> 01:14:53,521
- Thank you.
1355
01:14:53,623 --> 01:14:55,256
I appreciate that.
1356
01:14:58,328 --> 01:14:59,972
- Where do you
think you're going?
1357
01:14:59,996 --> 01:15:01,996
- In there like anybody else.
1358
01:15:02,098 --> 01:15:02,830
- Come on.
1359
01:15:02,932 --> 01:15:03,932
- What are you...
1360
01:15:04,400 --> 01:15:05,400
- Douglas!
1361
01:15:10,273 --> 01:15:11,313
Is there a problem?
1362
01:15:12,709 --> 01:15:14,575
- No, Mr. President.
1363
01:15:17,580 --> 01:15:19,614
- I saw you in the crowd today.
1364
01:15:19,716 --> 01:15:21,682
I'm anxious to
hear your thoughts.
1365
01:15:21,784 --> 01:15:23,818
- I thought it was
a sacred effort.
1366
01:15:25,388 --> 01:15:26,699
- Make sure to
tell your readers.
1367
01:15:26,723 --> 01:15:28,389
- I might do that.
1368
01:15:28,491 --> 01:15:31,058
But you should
know, Mr. Lincoln.
1369
01:15:31,160 --> 01:15:32,160
I won't let up.
1370
01:15:33,529 --> 01:15:35,363
You'll be hearing a lot from me.
1371
01:15:35,465 --> 01:15:36,764
- Well I figured as much.
1372
01:15:37,634 --> 01:15:38,966
- Mr. President.
1373
01:15:39,068 --> 01:15:39,934
- Yes.
1374
01:15:40,036 --> 01:15:41,068
- Congratulations.
1375
01:15:41,170 --> 01:15:42,481
- Oh I appreciate
that very much.
1376
01:15:42,505 --> 01:15:44,705
Have you been met my
friend Frederick Douglas?
1377
01:15:45,275 --> 01:15:46,974
- It's not a friendship.
1378
01:15:47,076 --> 01:15:50,945
It's mostly adversarial
for most of the war.
1379
01:15:51,047 --> 01:15:53,848
Douglas certainly didn't
like the way Lincoln behaved
1380
01:15:53,950 --> 01:15:56,751
in terms of what he
saw as his slowness,
1381
01:15:56,853 --> 01:15:58,986
but he did have
respect for the man.
1382
01:16:00,456 --> 01:16:02,067
- I think Lincoln's vision
that America could be
1383
01:16:02,091 --> 01:16:04,558
for anyone who was
willing to love her
1384
01:16:04,661 --> 01:16:08,329
and give it a chance
should be open to anybody.
1385
01:16:08,431 --> 01:16:10,564
He predominantly meant
that as white people
1386
01:16:10,667 --> 01:16:13,434
at the beginning of the war,
but by the end of the war
1387
01:16:13,536 --> 01:16:15,970
he had a very different
point of view.
1388
01:16:16,072 --> 01:16:17,650
I think no one
was more surprised
1389
01:16:17,674 --> 01:16:21,242
by Lincoln's transformation
as Douglas was.
1390
01:16:22,445 --> 01:16:25,246
- Frederick wanted the
Civil War to be a crusade
1391
01:16:25,348 --> 01:16:29,817
to rid the country of this
evil institution of slavery.
1392
01:16:29,919 --> 01:16:32,031
And I think by the time
you get to Lincoln's
1393
01:16:32,055 --> 01:16:35,690
second inaugural address
you can hear in his words
1394
01:16:35,792 --> 01:16:38,926
a lot of what Frederick
Douglas had been fighting for.
1395
01:16:39,028 --> 01:16:43,030
And Frederick Douglass's
influence over Lincoln.
1396
01:16:43,132 --> 01:16:45,900
We can credit Frederick
Douglas and the abolitionists
1397
01:16:46,002 --> 01:16:48,235
for pushing Lincoln
and not accepting
1398
01:16:48,338 --> 01:16:52,873
his gradual ideas about
how slavery should end.
1399
01:16:53,910 --> 01:16:56,544
- Lincoln said don't
call me a liberator.
1400
01:16:56,646 --> 01:16:58,312
It was the anti-slavery movement
1401
01:16:58,414 --> 01:17:00,454
and the Union soldiers
that did it all.
1402
01:17:01,484 --> 01:17:03,217
- [Doug] In March of 1865,
1403
01:17:03,319 --> 01:17:05,853
Lee's army is trapped
in Petersburg.
1404
01:17:05,955 --> 01:17:08,923
Sherman's now eating the
innards out of the Confederacy.
1405
01:17:09,025 --> 01:17:11,025
- There are food shortages.
1406
01:17:11,127 --> 01:17:13,961
The Confederate Army
and the civilians
1407
01:17:14,063 --> 01:17:16,030
of the south were starving.
1408
01:17:16,132 --> 01:17:19,300
- In the final weeks of the
Civil War, Grant invites
1409
01:17:19,402 --> 01:17:23,604
Lincoln to his headquarters
near City Point, Virginia.
1410
01:17:23,706 --> 01:17:25,617
He's in constant
communication with Grant
1411
01:17:25,641 --> 01:17:28,943
and his son Robert
is on Grant's staff.
1412
01:17:29,045 --> 01:17:30,578
And he wants to see Robert.
1413
01:17:30,680 --> 01:17:33,381
- Robert, Lincoln's
older son, from the very
1414
01:17:33,483 --> 01:17:35,850
outset of the war
had wanted to serve.
1415
01:17:35,952 --> 01:17:42,056
In the early weeks of 1865
Robert's wishes prevailed
1416
01:17:42,158 --> 01:17:44,203
and Lincoln not only
allowed him to enlist,
1417
01:17:44,227 --> 01:17:48,162
he assigned him to the
staff of Ulysses S. Grant.
1418
01:17:48,264 --> 01:17:50,898
- And so Lincoln
goes on a boat trip.
1419
01:17:51,000 --> 01:17:54,869
He's the commander in chief
of the entire military
1420
01:17:54,971 --> 01:17:58,139
in the final weeks of
a very difficult war,
1421
01:17:58,241 --> 01:18:00,574
and he leaves the
White House to live
1422
01:18:00,676 --> 01:18:03,944
on an ordinary
boat at City Point.
1423
01:18:04,047 --> 01:18:05,087
He really loved it.
1424
01:18:05,181 --> 01:18:07,782
He was happy to get
away from Washington.
1425
01:18:07,884 --> 01:18:10,484
I think it might've reminded
him of his teenage years
1426
01:18:10,586 --> 01:18:13,287
as a flat boat builder
and pilot and those
1427
01:18:13,389 --> 01:18:15,429
long trips down the
Mississippi river.
1428
01:18:16,626 --> 01:18:18,404
And it's important
to Lincoln to get
1429
01:18:18,428 --> 01:18:20,428
near the front lines in Virginia
1430
01:18:20,530 --> 01:18:22,630
in the final weeks
of the Civil War.
1431
01:18:25,635 --> 01:18:26,635
- You look good.
1432
01:18:27,570 --> 01:18:28,570
It suits you.
1433
01:18:29,305 --> 01:18:31,305
- I'm glad you convinced mother.
1434
01:18:31,407 --> 01:18:32,407
- It wasn't easy.
1435
01:18:36,179 --> 01:18:37,179
- General Grant.
1436
01:18:44,787 --> 01:18:46,098
- We'll head over
to Patrick Station
1437
01:18:46,122 --> 01:18:48,042
and you can review
the prisoners.
1438
01:18:50,560 --> 01:18:52,827
- Is it mostly rebels?
1439
01:18:54,097 --> 01:18:55,097
- Mostly.
1440
01:18:58,835 --> 01:19:00,401
Lee's running out of options.
1441
01:19:02,705 --> 01:19:03,771
- Yeah.
1442
01:19:03,873 --> 01:19:05,372
- Mr. President.
1443
01:19:06,175 --> 01:19:08,542
(tense music)
1444
01:20:26,822 --> 01:20:29,323
- When Lincoln comes to
meet Grant at City Point
1445
01:20:29,425 --> 01:20:31,592
Sherman comes up and they have
1446
01:20:31,694 --> 01:20:34,094
a meeting aboard
The River Queen.
1447
01:20:34,196 --> 01:20:36,463
And it's there that
Lincoln really sees
1448
01:20:36,566 --> 01:20:38,686
that the end of the
war must be upon them.
1449
01:20:39,635 --> 01:20:43,837
- I must thank you for
your heroic efforts.
1450
01:20:43,940 --> 01:20:46,106
I am much obliged to you both.
1451
01:20:46,208 --> 01:20:47,641
- Thank you, Mr. President.
1452
01:20:48,811 --> 01:20:50,044
But the war is not over.
1453
01:20:51,080 --> 01:20:53,080
- Lee can retreat
to the Carolinas.
1454
01:20:54,050 --> 01:20:57,818
Maybe join forces with Johnston
and stage another attack.
1455
01:21:00,056 --> 01:21:01,221
- Can't we avoid this?
1456
01:21:01,324 --> 01:21:02,623
- [Sherman] No.
1457
01:21:02,725 --> 01:21:04,236
- There will be
at least one more
1458
01:21:04,260 --> 01:21:06,260
bloody battle before
the war can end.
1459
01:21:07,530 --> 01:21:09,697
- When it's over I want peace.
1460
01:21:09,799 --> 01:21:13,534
I have no interest in
retaliation or retribution.
1461
01:21:15,371 --> 01:21:18,238
The rebels will be
returned home unharmed.
1462
01:21:19,275 --> 01:21:21,315
- That's assuming
they go peacefully.
1463
01:21:22,712 --> 01:21:25,179
Sir, I have seen these people.
1464
01:21:25,281 --> 01:21:27,448
I have been watching
them in Atlanta,
1465
01:21:27,550 --> 01:21:29,683
Columbia, Fayetteville,
they are angry.
1466
01:21:30,853 --> 01:21:32,431
Rightfully so, they
have been shamed.
1467
01:21:32,455 --> 01:21:34,232
They have been
starved, their land
1468
01:21:34,256 --> 01:21:36,256
has been looted,
their cotton burned.
1469
01:21:38,227 --> 01:21:40,928
Who do you think they're
gonna blame for all of this?
1470
01:21:46,502 --> 01:21:47,735
- You let them alone.
1471
01:21:49,405 --> 01:21:51,805
You let them have their
horses to plow with.
1472
01:21:52,975 --> 01:21:55,042
And their guns to
shoot crows with.
1473
01:21:56,912 --> 01:21:58,812
I want no one punished.
1474
01:22:00,316 --> 01:22:03,484
We want those people
to return to the Union.
1475
01:22:03,586 --> 01:22:05,352
And to submit to the laws.
1476
01:22:13,329 --> 01:22:15,262
There's been enough bloodshed.
1477
01:22:22,638 --> 01:22:24,049
- [Caroline] Lincoln's
not willing to have
1478
01:22:24,073 --> 01:22:27,441
anything less than
emancipation and complete
1479
01:22:27,543 --> 01:22:30,811
dissolution of the
Confederate armies.
1480
01:22:30,913 --> 01:22:33,080
- Well what about the
Confederate officials?
1481
01:22:34,083 --> 01:22:36,550
Let them go into
exile, Lincoln says.
1482
01:22:36,652 --> 01:22:39,520
We don't want trials,
we don't want hangings.
1483
01:22:39,622 --> 01:22:41,500
We want to reconstruct
the country and we want it
1484
01:22:41,524 --> 01:22:45,359
to be done on the
basis of some peace.
1485
01:22:45,461 --> 01:22:47,528
And some generosity.
1486
01:22:48,597 --> 01:22:53,067
A new country is about
to take shape here.
1487
01:22:53,169 --> 01:22:54,568
A country without slavery.
1488
01:22:55,604 --> 01:22:57,905
- He's certain that
slavery should end.
1489
01:22:58,007 --> 01:23:00,207
And he does everything
in his power
1490
01:23:00,309 --> 01:23:01,453
to make sure that happens
1491
01:23:01,477 --> 01:23:03,557
with the passage of
the 13th amendment.
1492
01:23:05,147 --> 01:23:10,050
But he is not quite ready to
pull the trigger on equality.
1493
01:23:10,853 --> 01:23:12,093
That he is not willing to do.
1494
01:23:13,055 --> 01:23:15,689
Because he knows that that,
at a time when there's
1495
01:23:15,791 --> 01:23:19,560
been so much loss,
to pull that trigger
1496
01:23:19,662 --> 01:23:21,795
may be too much,
so he starts saying
1497
01:23:21,897 --> 01:23:24,765
let them up easy, is
what he tells Grant.
1498
01:23:24,867 --> 01:23:27,935
And that becomes the
mantra, let them up easy.
1499
01:23:29,171 --> 01:23:30,604
- We've already fought the war.
1500
01:23:30,706 --> 01:23:33,407
We've already determined
that secession is not legal.
1501
01:23:33,509 --> 01:23:34,875
To continue to punish the south
1502
01:23:34,977 --> 01:23:36,543
is to continue to look back.
1503
01:23:36,645 --> 01:23:38,278
And not to look forward.
1504
01:23:38,380 --> 01:23:41,215
- But that letting
them up easy translated
1505
01:23:41,317 --> 01:23:45,919
to no real accountability
for these actions.
1506
01:23:48,657 --> 01:23:50,135
- On the 2nd of April,
the Union Army drives
1507
01:23:50,159 --> 01:23:52,760
Confederate forces out of
Richmond and Petersburg.
1508
01:23:53,996 --> 01:23:56,007
If ever there was a hope
for the Confederacy to have
1509
01:23:56,031 --> 01:23:59,366
its independence, it
couldn't give up its capital.
1510
01:23:59,468 --> 01:24:01,079
That was the ultimate
signal in warfare
1511
01:24:01,103 --> 01:24:03,604
of that day that your
country was lost.
1512
01:24:04,607 --> 01:24:05,751
- The Confederates are forced
1513
01:24:05,775 --> 01:24:08,976
to evacuate Richmond
and flee westward.
1514
01:24:11,280 --> 01:24:14,681
Lincoln determines to walk
the streets of Richmond.
1515
01:24:14,784 --> 01:24:16,628
And I'm gonna walk
through these streets
1516
01:24:16,652 --> 01:24:18,447
because the President
of the United States
1517
01:24:18,471 --> 01:24:21,138
can walk through
the streets safely
1518
01:24:21,240 --> 01:24:23,474
of a city of the United States.
1519
01:24:24,610 --> 01:24:26,110
It's all one country again.
1520
01:24:27,713 --> 01:24:29,947
- But there are
buildings on fire,
1521
01:24:30,049 --> 01:24:32,416
there's the sound of
guns off in the distance.
1522
01:24:32,518 --> 01:24:34,485
It's extremely dangerous.
1523
01:24:34,587 --> 01:24:38,822
And people begin to
figure out who he is
1524
01:24:38,924 --> 01:24:43,427
and it's a chilling
moment because it is
1525
01:24:43,529 --> 01:24:45,640
a group of people he
means a great deal to.
1526
01:24:45,664 --> 01:24:49,032
It is African Americans
who have lived
1527
01:24:49,135 --> 01:24:53,737
their entire lives in
Richmond as enslaved people.
1528
01:24:54,740 --> 01:24:58,108
And they are no longer enslaved.
1529
01:24:58,210 --> 01:25:00,377
And they gather around him,
1530
01:25:00,479 --> 01:25:04,748
thanking him with
intense emotion.
1531
01:25:04,850 --> 01:25:08,252
And Lincoln said I'm so
happy to see all of you.
1532
01:25:08,354 --> 01:25:11,088
You are as free as air.
1533
01:25:12,224 --> 01:25:14,825
Liberty is your birthright.
1534
01:25:16,128 --> 01:25:19,029
Now please use it and enjoy it.
1535
01:25:21,867 --> 01:25:24,468
- Now the Confederate
forces are on the retreat.
1536
01:25:24,570 --> 01:25:25,714
The Union Army of
the Potomac has been
1537
01:25:25,738 --> 01:25:28,205
in siege now for almost
nine or 10 months.
1538
01:25:28,307 --> 01:25:29,606
And yet with the drop of a hat,
1539
01:25:29,708 --> 01:25:33,443
this now professional army,
they go into the pursuit.
1540
01:25:33,546 --> 01:25:36,180
- This is a relentless campaign.
1541
01:25:36,282 --> 01:25:37,548
There's very little sleep.
1542
01:25:37,650 --> 01:25:39,149
A lot of night marches.
1543
01:25:39,251 --> 01:25:42,386
They are not getting
rations on either side.
1544
01:25:42,488 --> 01:25:45,322
And the day after the
battle of Sailor's Creek
1545
01:25:45,424 --> 01:25:48,792
Lee's army has been
badly destroyed.
1546
01:25:48,894 --> 01:25:51,695
Several of his generals,
including one of his sons,
1547
01:25:51,797 --> 01:25:53,797
has been taken prisoner of war.
1548
01:25:53,899 --> 01:25:56,066
- That was kinda the
end of Lee's army
1549
01:25:56,168 --> 01:25:59,069
in terms of its fighting
capacity and fighting force.
1550
01:26:03,976 --> 01:26:05,754
- We don't have exact
records of how often
1551
01:26:05,778 --> 01:26:07,556
Lincoln visits
hospitals, but there was
1552
01:26:07,580 --> 01:26:09,540
no shortage of
hospitals to visit.
1553
01:26:10,816 --> 01:26:13,217
We live with the
Civil War's wounds
1554
01:26:13,319 --> 01:26:15,986
and the wounds it
inflicts on its people.
1555
01:26:16,088 --> 01:26:19,223
Decades upon decades afterwards.
1556
01:26:19,325 --> 01:26:22,059
What a price we paid.
1557
01:26:24,396 --> 01:26:26,163
And all of the weight of that.
1558
01:26:27,933 --> 01:26:29,666
Is daily the accompaniment
1559
01:26:29,768 --> 01:26:32,769
that walks beside
Abraham Lincoln.
1560
01:26:35,241 --> 01:26:36,707
- Be of good cheer, boys.
1561
01:26:37,776 --> 01:26:39,896
We're at the beginning
of the end at last.
1562
01:26:41,847 --> 01:26:42,847
How do you do?
1563
01:26:45,484 --> 01:26:46,484
God bless you.
1564
01:26:49,655 --> 01:26:50,655
How do you do?
1565
01:26:54,693 --> 01:26:57,527
Oh, surgeon told me about you.
1566
01:26:58,530 --> 01:27:00,610
Said you were quite
brave on that field.
1567
01:27:01,667 --> 01:27:03,166
I appreciate you very much.
1568
01:27:10,809 --> 01:27:13,090
- He was making that
connection with the soldiers,
1569
01:27:13,145 --> 01:27:16,880
and somehow then they felt
that he felt their pain.
1570
01:27:16,982 --> 01:27:18,760
He understood what they
were going through.
1571
01:27:18,784 --> 01:27:20,784
And he believed in them.
1572
01:27:20,886 --> 01:27:22,831
And his belief in
them then confirmed
1573
01:27:22,855 --> 01:27:24,121
their belief in themselves.
1574
01:27:29,695 --> 01:27:31,628
- May I read with you?
1575
01:27:32,498 --> 01:27:33,697
God bless you.
1576
01:27:36,201 --> 01:27:37,534
- How are you feeling today?
1577
01:27:39,638 --> 01:27:40,904
- I fought for Virginia.
1578
01:27:44,510 --> 01:27:45,510
- Oh that's fine.
1579
01:27:47,946 --> 01:27:50,180
You uh, you a farmer?
1580
01:27:55,254 --> 01:27:56,386
That's how I grew up.
1581
01:27:57,756 --> 01:28:00,891
I often wonder how
we got to this place.
1582
01:28:04,229 --> 01:28:07,998
If I had it my way, this war
would've never commenced.
1583
01:28:12,004 --> 01:28:13,004
God bless you.
1584
01:28:17,576 --> 01:28:19,536
- This thing's
gonna be over soon.
1585
01:28:20,245 --> 01:28:22,112
And I'd liked to be able to say
1586
01:28:22,214 --> 01:28:25,282
I shook your hand
when I had the chance.
1587
01:28:25,384 --> 01:28:26,717
- Well of course.
1588
01:28:29,254 --> 01:28:31,388
The pleasure is all mine.
1589
01:28:33,158 --> 01:28:34,358
God bless you.
1590
01:28:37,129 --> 01:28:37,894
- Mr. President?
1591
01:28:37,996 --> 01:28:39,129
- Yes.
1592
01:28:39,231 --> 01:28:40,342
- It's Secretary Seward.
1593
01:28:40,366 --> 01:28:41,832
- He's been in an accident.
1594
01:28:44,269 --> 01:28:45,309
- How does he fare?
1595
01:28:46,805 --> 01:28:48,149
- Secretary Stanton
requests your presence
1596
01:28:48,173 --> 01:28:50,273
in Washington right away.
1597
01:28:51,143 --> 01:28:52,676
- Of course.
1598
01:28:52,778 --> 01:28:53,778
Thank you.
1599
01:28:57,983 --> 01:28:58,983
Mother.
1600
01:28:59,618 --> 01:29:00,618
We must go.
1601
01:29:11,964 --> 01:29:12,964
Thank you boys.
1602
01:29:14,466 --> 01:29:15,466
God bless you.
1603
01:29:17,102 --> 01:29:18,301
We will never forget you.
1604
01:29:30,899 --> 01:29:31,899
- Father.
1605
01:29:33,802 --> 01:29:34,901
Mr. Lincoln's here.
1606
01:29:37,639 --> 01:29:38,639
- Thank you, Fred.
1607
01:29:44,947 --> 01:29:47,013
You're back from Stedman.
1608
01:29:48,450 --> 01:29:49,716
- Grant is close.
1609
01:29:49,818 --> 01:29:51,218
He's close to the finish.
1610
01:29:54,323 --> 01:29:55,483
- I hope I live to see it.
1611
01:29:57,292 --> 01:30:01,094
- Doctor says he
expects a full recovery.
1612
01:30:03,999 --> 01:30:06,199
- Then why'd you
come so quickly?
1613
01:30:06,301 --> 01:30:08,735
- You've been so
concerned about my safety.
1614
01:30:08,837 --> 01:30:10,997
You should've been
concerned about your own.
1615
01:30:13,108 --> 01:30:15,976
- Who could've predicted
that my carriage
1616
01:30:16,078 --> 01:30:18,198
would be more dangerous
than your enemies?
1617
01:30:23,652 --> 01:30:24,751
- From General Grant.
1618
01:30:47,476 --> 01:30:49,220
- "General Lee
surrendered the army
1619
01:30:49,244 --> 01:30:51,845
"of Northern Virginia
this afternoon."
1620
01:30:52,848 --> 01:30:54,414
- [Edwin] It's over.
1621
01:30:56,084 --> 01:30:59,319
(dramatic music swells)
1622
01:31:26,048 --> 01:31:30,116
- Now, finally,
we save the Union.
1623
01:31:31,420 --> 01:31:32,686
Surrender's come.
1624
01:31:32,788 --> 01:31:36,423
Been a lot of blood,
toil, sweat and tears.
1625
01:31:37,693 --> 01:31:39,292
He was relieved.
1626
01:31:39,394 --> 01:31:41,127
Greatly relieved.
1627
01:31:43,665 --> 01:31:46,967
- On the morning of
April 9th Lee's army
1628
01:31:47,069 --> 01:31:48,935
was just west of a small village
1629
01:31:49,037 --> 01:31:51,037
called Appomattox Court House.
1630
01:31:51,139 --> 01:31:52,539
And Lee thought that he only had
1631
01:31:52,641 --> 01:31:54,207
Union cavalry in front of him.
1632
01:31:54,309 --> 01:31:55,520
And they actually
launched a battle
1633
01:31:55,544 --> 01:31:57,210
on the morning of April 9th,
1634
01:31:57,312 --> 01:32:00,680
and the Confederates are
essentially surrounded.
1635
01:32:00,782 --> 01:32:04,251
And so Lee will send a
note to Grant acknowledging
1636
01:32:04,353 --> 01:32:07,053
that the time has come
to surrender his army.
1637
01:32:07,155 --> 01:32:09,456
- When he asks Grant
what would be your terms
1638
01:32:09,558 --> 01:32:12,025
of surrender, Grant
has an answer.
1639
01:32:12,127 --> 01:32:13,287
Because Grant and Lincoln,
1640
01:32:13,328 --> 01:32:15,288
they've already
talked it through.
1641
01:32:15,330 --> 01:32:17,075
Officers can keep
their sidearms.
1642
01:32:17,099 --> 01:32:18,676
And because Confederates
brought their own
1643
01:32:18,700 --> 01:32:19,978
horses to service
and they would have
1644
01:32:20,002 --> 01:32:21,922
to go back and
start their farms,
1645
01:32:21,970 --> 01:32:24,048
they were allowed to
keep their animals.
1646
01:32:24,072 --> 01:32:25,850
These were lenient
surrender terms.
1647
01:32:25,874 --> 01:32:28,575
This was the beginning of
the winning of the peace.
1648
01:32:29,811 --> 01:32:32,712
- Even though Lee's was only
one of the Confederate armies,
1649
01:32:32,814 --> 01:32:35,015
it was the single biggest
and most dangerous
1650
01:32:35,117 --> 01:32:37,851
of those armies, and when
Lee surrenders that army
1651
01:32:37,953 --> 01:32:40,387
everyone knows it's over.
1652
01:32:40,489 --> 01:32:42,722
Peace is finally
within our grasp.
1653
01:32:42,824 --> 01:32:44,702
And that's the headlines
of the newspapers.
1654
01:32:44,726 --> 01:32:45,592
Peace.
1655
01:32:45,694 --> 01:32:47,594
Peace at last.
1656
01:32:47,696 --> 01:32:48,773
(church bells ringing)
1657
01:32:48,797 --> 01:32:51,331
- [Doris] April 9th, 1865.
1658
01:32:51,433 --> 01:32:54,434
Finally the Civil
War comes to an end.
1659
01:32:56,038 --> 01:32:58,405
Cannons are firing,
church bells are ringing,
1660
01:32:58,507 --> 01:33:00,840
people are celebrating
in the streets.
1661
01:33:00,942 --> 01:33:04,044
- Absolute jubilation
pervades through the north.
1662
01:33:04,146 --> 01:33:07,113
You can imagine the opposite
reaction in the south.
1663
01:33:07,215 --> 01:33:10,684
But Lincoln himself
is absolutely giddy.
1664
01:33:10,786 --> 01:33:12,886
Mary Todd will talk about how he
1665
01:33:12,988 --> 01:33:15,588
just seems so free
all of a sudden.
1666
01:33:15,691 --> 01:33:17,891
How this burden has been lifted.
1667
01:33:18,927 --> 01:33:20,405
- He's really looking
forward to the hope
1668
01:33:20,429 --> 01:33:21,761
that the Union can be restored
1669
01:33:21,863 --> 01:33:24,531
on a new basis, a
different basis.
1670
01:33:24,633 --> 01:33:26,066
Slavery will be gone.
1671
01:33:26,168 --> 01:33:27,278
We're gonna have
to rethink things,
1672
01:33:27,302 --> 01:33:28,635
we're gonna have to think anew,
1673
01:33:28,737 --> 01:33:30,348
but not to look
back with revenge,
1674
01:33:30,372 --> 01:33:31,683
not to look back
with resentment,
1675
01:33:31,707 --> 01:33:33,584
not to punish the
people, but rather
1676
01:33:33,608 --> 01:33:35,608
to bring them along
to a new Union.
1677
01:33:37,346 --> 01:33:39,713
- While slavery,
yes, was abolished
1678
01:33:39,815 --> 01:33:42,649
and that's a wonderful
thing, it did not deal
1679
01:33:42,751 --> 01:33:45,885
with the parent issue of
slavery which is racism.
1680
01:33:45,987 --> 01:33:48,755
And we're still dealing with
racism in America today.
1681
01:33:50,258 --> 01:33:52,892
- He has not fully
begun to contemplate
1682
01:33:52,994 --> 01:33:55,662
what all of this looks
like when it's done,
1683
01:33:55,764 --> 01:33:57,797
but he's beginning
to draw the voices
1684
01:33:57,899 --> 01:34:00,834
that he needs to help him
figure out what that is.
1685
01:34:02,304 --> 01:34:03,715
- You could be putting
this government
1686
01:34:03,739 --> 01:34:04,849
in the hands of the enemy.
1687
01:34:04,873 --> 01:34:06,272
- I agree.
1688
01:34:06,375 --> 01:34:08,675
Who's to say they won't
conspire against us?
1689
01:34:08,777 --> 01:34:10,143
- All rebel organizations
1690
01:34:10,245 --> 01:34:12,245
should be treated
as null and void.
1691
01:34:13,215 --> 01:34:15,293
The only way their
government should be restored
1692
01:34:15,317 --> 01:34:18,151
is under federal authority,
military authority.
1693
01:34:20,021 --> 01:34:22,061
- Well if we treat
them like insurgents
1694
01:34:22,157 --> 01:34:24,023
they will act like insurgents.
1695
01:34:24,126 --> 01:34:24,891
- Exactly.
1696
01:34:24,993 --> 01:34:26,593
- What about their leaders?
1697
01:34:26,695 --> 01:34:27,794
- You let them go.
1698
01:34:28,830 --> 01:34:30,870
You frighten them
out of the country.
1699
01:34:31,633 --> 01:34:34,768
You open the gates,
let down the bars.
1700
01:34:34,870 --> 01:34:36,436
- What if they don't go?
1701
01:34:36,538 --> 01:34:39,105
The fate of emancipation
would be left in their hands.
1702
01:34:40,108 --> 01:34:41,574
It's too risky.
1703
01:34:41,676 --> 01:34:44,878
- The states should follow
the example of Louisiana.
1704
01:34:45,747 --> 01:34:47,480
Abolish slavery.
1705
01:34:47,582 --> 01:34:49,349
Establish schools.
1706
01:34:50,652 --> 01:34:53,052
We were never fighting to
exterminate half this country.
1707
01:34:53,121 --> 01:34:55,161
We were fighting to
keep it together.
1708
01:34:56,091 --> 01:34:58,224
To prove that we
can live together.
1709
01:35:02,063 --> 01:35:04,197
Why should that be
any different now?
1710
01:35:08,270 --> 01:35:11,805
- He's trying to create
a pathway for peace.
1711
01:35:11,907 --> 01:35:14,841
He's trying to create a
pathway that that will mean
1712
01:35:14,943 --> 01:35:18,611
ending a war that doesn't
devolve into guerrilla warfare.
1713
01:35:18,713 --> 01:35:20,691
- You recognize the
need for healing.
1714
01:35:20,715 --> 01:35:22,949
And so his plan
for reconstruction
1715
01:35:23,051 --> 01:35:25,418
was a fairly lenient plan.
1716
01:35:25,520 --> 01:35:27,432
- He envisions a nation
of where it was easy
1717
01:35:27,456 --> 01:35:29,066
for the Confederacy
to come back,
1718
01:35:29,090 --> 01:35:31,758
and that the retribution
would not be great.
1719
01:35:31,860 --> 01:35:34,260
Basically say you
reject succession,
1720
01:35:34,362 --> 01:35:35,762
you're back into the nation.
1721
01:35:37,332 --> 01:35:40,900
- Secretary Stanton had drawn
up some new preliminary plans
1722
01:35:41,002 --> 01:35:43,503
looking towards the
reconstruction process,
1723
01:35:43,605 --> 01:35:44,885
and it would be handled through
1724
01:35:44,940 --> 01:35:47,106
the military rather
than through Congress.
1725
01:35:47,209 --> 01:35:48,920
It would be an
executive function
1726
01:35:48,944 --> 01:35:50,788
rather than a
legislative function
1727
01:35:50,812 --> 01:35:53,112
so that the full control
of the peace process
1728
01:35:53,215 --> 01:35:56,616
would remain in the
president's hands.
1729
01:35:56,718 --> 01:35:59,519
- He envisioned the President
of the United States
1730
01:35:59,621 --> 01:36:01,699
appointing some governors
who would figure out
1731
01:36:01,723 --> 01:36:05,325
some way to test who was loyal.
1732
01:36:05,427 --> 01:36:07,093
Then they would ask Congress
1733
01:36:07,195 --> 01:36:09,963
to readmit them to the Union.
1734
01:36:10,065 --> 01:36:12,632
- The white southerners
were so devoted
1735
01:36:12,734 --> 01:36:14,912
to the racial hierarchy
that they pushed back
1736
01:36:14,936 --> 01:36:17,704
against reconstruction
from the very beginning.
1737
01:36:17,806 --> 01:36:20,340
- People like Stanton
and others were outraged
1738
01:36:20,442 --> 01:36:23,109
that there would be
no real accountability
1739
01:36:23,211 --> 01:36:26,980
for the carnage
wrought by the south.
1740
01:36:27,082 --> 01:36:28,893
Aside from them
losing their slaves
1741
01:36:28,917 --> 01:36:31,117
and he didn't feel
like that was enough.
1742
01:36:31,219 --> 01:36:33,887
- But remember that
Lincoln also said,
1743
01:36:33,989 --> 01:36:36,289
in what turned out to
be his final speech,
1744
01:36:36,391 --> 01:36:38,591
that the time had come to extend
1745
01:36:38,693 --> 01:36:41,160
the right to vote to
African Americans.
1746
01:36:41,263 --> 01:36:43,596
Particularly, he
said, the educated
1747
01:36:43,698 --> 01:36:45,209
and those who had
fought in the army.
1748
01:36:45,233 --> 01:36:47,700
It was the first time
that an American president
1749
01:36:47,802 --> 01:36:49,580
had ever called
for black suffrage.
1750
01:36:49,604 --> 01:36:52,906
It was so radical a
concept at that moment
1751
01:36:53,008 --> 01:36:56,376
that someone in the
audience, John Wilkes Booth,
1752
01:36:56,478 --> 01:36:59,646
turn to one of his Confederates
and said that means
1753
01:36:59,748 --> 01:37:02,682
negro equality and he
didn't use the word negro.
1754
01:37:02,784 --> 01:37:04,824
That's the last speech
he'll ever make.
1755
01:37:09,124 --> 01:37:12,458
- April 14th, Lincoln
woke up in a great mood.
1756
01:37:12,561 --> 01:37:13,893
Feeling probably more cheerful
1757
01:37:13,995 --> 01:37:15,628
than he'd felt ever in his life.
1758
01:37:17,132 --> 01:37:19,666
He went on a carriage
ride with Mary.
1759
01:37:19,768 --> 01:37:20,978
And then they get back
to the White House
1760
01:37:21,002 --> 01:37:22,146
and there's a group
of his friends
1761
01:37:22,170 --> 01:37:23,347
who are there and
they're just leaving,
1762
01:37:23,371 --> 01:37:25,805
but he says no stay,
I want to talk to you.
1763
01:37:25,907 --> 01:37:27,184
And they kept
talking and they were
1764
01:37:27,208 --> 01:37:29,409
telling stories and he's
reading funny things.
1765
01:37:29,511 --> 01:37:32,478
He no longer needs to
escape to go to the theater,
1766
01:37:32,581 --> 01:37:33,781
but at 8 o'clock that night
1767
01:37:33,882 --> 01:37:35,615
they tell him you have to go.
1768
01:37:36,618 --> 01:37:38,062
It has been in the
newspaper that morning
1769
01:37:38,086 --> 01:37:40,286
that he would be at
the theater that night.
1770
01:37:40,388 --> 01:37:41,666
And now he had to keep his word
1771
01:37:41,690 --> 01:37:43,801
to the people who might
come to the theater
1772
01:37:43,825 --> 01:37:46,259
thinking that he would be there.
1773
01:37:48,229 --> 01:37:49,662
- It's been a perfect day.
1774
01:37:52,601 --> 01:37:54,721
Do you ever think
about where we started?
1775
01:37:56,204 --> 01:37:57,971
We've been so miserable.
1776
01:38:00,108 --> 01:38:03,176
- Well we both deserve
to be more cheerful.
1777
01:38:07,782 --> 01:38:09,082
- I'd like to travel.
1778
01:38:10,218 --> 01:38:11,918
Europe perhaps.
1779
01:38:12,020 --> 01:38:13,820
Or even California.
1780
01:38:13,922 --> 01:38:16,042
- I've always wanted
to see the holy land.
1781
01:38:16,891 --> 01:38:18,491
The great cities of Europe.
1782
01:38:19,461 --> 01:38:21,394
- Let's stay here tonight.
1783
01:38:21,496 --> 01:38:23,616
We don't have to go
to the theater do we?
1784
01:38:24,933 --> 01:38:26,466
- I'd much rather stay.
1785
01:38:27,669 --> 01:38:28,709
But we'd better go.
1786
01:38:29,471 --> 01:38:31,437
Word's out I'll be there.
1787
01:38:31,539 --> 01:38:34,207
I won't be the one to
disappoint the people.
1788
01:38:34,309 --> 01:38:37,076
(dramatic music)
1789
01:38:52,927 --> 01:38:55,561
- [Delivery Man] I got
medicine for Secretary Seward.
1790
01:38:55,664 --> 01:38:57,141
- [Frederick] My father's
not seeing any visitors.
1791
01:38:57,165 --> 01:38:58,531
He's resting.
1792
01:38:59,467 --> 01:39:01,734
(violent struggle)
1793
01:39:01,836 --> 01:39:04,537
(ominous music)
1794
01:39:26,327 --> 01:39:28,239
- Little do they know,
John Wilkes Booth
1795
01:39:28,263 --> 01:39:31,097
had planned a triple
conspiracy to lop off
1796
01:39:31,199 --> 01:39:34,000
the entire head
of the government.
1797
01:39:34,102 --> 01:39:35,780
The only thing that
saved Seward's life
1798
01:39:35,804 --> 01:39:38,104
was that his jaw was
wired from the carriage
1799
01:39:38,206 --> 01:39:40,246
accident so it didn't
cut the artery.
1800
01:39:51,286 --> 01:39:52,930
- [Actor] Yeah, you both
look tickled to death!
1801
01:39:52,954 --> 01:39:54,598
Now some gals and
mothers would go away
1802
01:39:54,622 --> 01:39:56,567
from a fella when
they found that out,
1803
01:39:56,591 --> 01:39:59,592
but you done found a
fortune, Miss Gussy.
1804
01:39:59,694 --> 01:40:02,361
- [Actress] My love,
you had better go!
1805
01:40:02,464 --> 01:40:04,504
- [Actor] You crave
affection, you do.
1806
01:40:04,599 --> 01:40:06,099
Now I'm no fortune,
1807
01:40:06,201 --> 01:40:08,112
but I'm filling over
with affections.
1808
01:40:08,136 --> 01:40:10,336
Which I'm ready to
pour out all over you
1809
01:40:10,438 --> 01:40:12,358
like apple sauce
over roast pork.
1810
01:40:12,407 --> 01:40:15,108
- [Older Actress]
Mr. Trenchard, you will please
1811
01:40:15,210 --> 01:40:17,977
recollect you are
addressing my daughter.
1812
01:40:18,079 --> 01:40:19,912
And in my presence!
1813
01:40:20,014 --> 01:40:21,792
- [Actor] Yes, I'm
offering her my heart
1814
01:40:21,816 --> 01:40:23,750
and hand just as she wants them.
1815
01:40:23,852 --> 01:40:24,929
With nothing in them.
1816
01:40:24,953 --> 01:40:27,186
- [Older Actress]
Augusta, do you agree?
1817
01:40:28,156 --> 01:40:29,856
- [Actress] Yes, ma.
1818
01:40:29,958 --> 01:40:31,657
What a nasty beast!
1819
01:40:31,760 --> 01:40:33,704
- [Older Actress] I am
aware, Mr. Trenchard,
1820
01:40:33,728 --> 01:40:37,263
you are not used to the
manners of good society.
1821
01:40:37,365 --> 01:40:40,433
And that alone will
excuse the impertinence
1822
01:40:40,535 --> 01:40:42,635
of which you have
been found guilty.
1823
01:40:42,737 --> 01:40:45,538
- [Actor] Don't know the
manners of good society, eh?
1824
01:40:45,640 --> 01:40:46,506
Well I guess I know enough
1825
01:40:46,608 --> 01:40:49,242
to turn you inside out, old gal.
1826
01:40:49,344 --> 01:40:53,713
(audience laughing
and applauding)
1827
01:40:53,815 --> 01:40:56,349
(loud gunshot)
1828
01:41:02,257 --> 01:41:03,823
- Just think of it.
1829
01:41:03,925 --> 01:41:06,225
For Lincoln, finally
this punishing war
1830
01:41:06,327 --> 01:41:07,994
has come to an end.
1831
01:41:08,096 --> 01:41:10,963
And he's able to feel
a sense of the country
1832
01:41:11,065 --> 01:41:13,866
is gonna go forward,
I've done my part
1833
01:41:13,968 --> 01:41:17,270
as a leader, and he
only has five days
1834
01:41:17,372 --> 01:41:19,350
to appreciate that
before he's killed.
1835
01:41:19,374 --> 01:41:20,573
It drives me crazy.
1836
01:41:22,310 --> 01:41:26,112
- No American president
had been killed in office.
1837
01:41:26,214 --> 01:41:29,549
And the shock of the
assassination was profound.
1838
01:41:29,651 --> 01:41:32,351
It just unleashed a tremendous
outpouring of grief.
1839
01:41:34,956 --> 01:41:39,258
His coffin was carried
by a new railroad car
1840
01:41:39,360 --> 01:41:42,028
that had just been
built for his use
1841
01:41:42,130 --> 01:41:44,730
and was called
The United States.
1842
01:41:46,701 --> 01:41:49,802
(train horn blowing)
1843
01:41:51,773 --> 01:41:54,607
If there was a chance
to see the funeral train
1844
01:41:54,709 --> 01:41:57,009
on the way back to Springfield,
1845
01:41:57,111 --> 01:41:59,045
everybody wanted to be there.
1846
01:42:05,587 --> 01:42:08,087
And city after city
there were crowds
1847
01:42:08,189 --> 01:42:10,456
like Americans had
never seen before.
1848
01:42:16,497 --> 01:42:18,264
- People connected to him.
1849
01:42:18,366 --> 01:42:21,834
They know where he came from,
how hard that fight was.
1850
01:42:21,936 --> 01:42:24,704
They saw a man
who was a good man
1851
01:42:24,806 --> 01:42:26,272
who became a great president.
1852
01:42:29,677 --> 01:42:33,512
- Lincoln's biography
is a tale of America.
1853
01:42:33,615 --> 01:42:36,949
At a time when it is
not yet fully made.
1854
01:42:37,051 --> 01:42:41,354
The roughness and the
self-made aspects of it.
1855
01:42:41,456 --> 01:42:43,890
The ambition and the hunger.
1856
01:42:44,893 --> 01:42:47,360
He's the living
proof that Americans
1857
01:42:47,462 --> 01:42:49,896
can rise from
poverty to triumph.
1858
01:42:51,099 --> 01:42:52,543
The promise of the
American dream.
1859
01:42:52,567 --> 01:42:53,777
Which is that all
men should have
1860
01:42:53,801 --> 01:42:55,868
an equal chance in
the race of life.
1861
01:42:55,970 --> 01:42:59,238
- He reminded Americans of
something they were forgetting.
1862
01:42:59,340 --> 01:43:00,985
That the Declaration
of Independence
1863
01:43:01,009 --> 01:43:02,975
is a special piece of paper.
1864
01:43:03,077 --> 01:43:05,845
It obligates us to
respect the human rights
1865
01:43:05,947 --> 01:43:08,781
of all Americans
and of all people.
1866
01:43:10,084 --> 01:43:11,595
- That's the journey
that he takes
1867
01:43:11,619 --> 01:43:15,855
by the time he is assassinated
at Ford's Theater.
1868
01:43:15,957 --> 01:43:20,459
He has moved to a much higher
calling, understanding,
1869
01:43:20,561 --> 01:43:23,529
and belief in terms
of what the nation
1870
01:43:23,631 --> 01:43:27,433
could and should
be despite his own
1871
01:43:27,535 --> 01:43:30,536
prejudices and concerns
when he starts.
1872
01:43:30,638 --> 01:43:33,339
- From a contemporary
lens, I think it's entirely
1873
01:43:33,441 --> 01:43:36,442
right and fair to look at
some of Lincoln's writings
1874
01:43:36,544 --> 01:43:39,812
and say he was limited
and constrained
1875
01:43:39,914 --> 01:43:42,381
by his times in ways
that are disappointing.
1876
01:43:43,851 --> 01:43:47,119
And then I can also say
yeah, but look what he did.
1877
01:43:47,221 --> 01:43:48,754
That was really important.
1878
01:43:48,856 --> 01:43:52,091
And took courage and took skill.
1879
01:43:52,193 --> 01:43:55,928
He was not just ahead of
his time in terms of vision,
1880
01:43:56,030 --> 01:43:59,565
but helped to drag the
country in a new direction.
1881
01:44:00,935 --> 01:44:05,037
- He dared to change the
rationale for the Civil War
1882
01:44:05,139 --> 01:44:07,640
from preserving the
Union to removing
1883
01:44:07,742 --> 01:44:10,409
the greatest stain of
American democracy.
1884
01:44:10,511 --> 01:44:11,511
Slavery.
1885
01:44:15,249 --> 01:44:18,084
- Lincoln's legacy was to
show us that democracies
1886
01:44:18,186 --> 01:44:21,420
can survive severe
contests within.
1887
01:44:21,522 --> 01:44:24,223
And they shall not
perish from the earth.
1888
01:44:25,259 --> 01:44:27,059
Lincoln had hoped that he could
1889
01:44:27,161 --> 01:44:28,939
accomplish something
worthy so that
1890
01:44:28,963 --> 01:44:31,263
he would be remembered
after he died.
1891
01:44:31,366 --> 01:44:33,344
It was that hope
that had powered him
1892
01:44:33,368 --> 01:44:35,835
through his dismal
childhood, his string
1893
01:44:35,937 --> 01:44:38,204
of political failures,
and the darkest days
1894
01:44:38,306 --> 01:44:41,707
of the war that his
story would be told.
1895
01:44:41,809 --> 01:44:44,243
It will be told for
generations to come.
1896
01:44:46,080 --> 01:44:50,750
- America has to live up to
the work that Lincoln started.
1897
01:44:51,919 --> 01:44:53,664
- [Lincoln] In giving
freedom to the slave,
1898
01:44:53,688 --> 01:44:56,188
we assure freedom to the free.
1899
01:44:56,290 --> 01:44:59,191
Honorable alike in what we
give and what we preserve.
1900
01:45:00,194 --> 01:45:03,329
We shall nobly save,
or meanly lose,
1901
01:45:03,431 --> 01:45:05,698
the last best hope of earth.
144701
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