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Hello everyone.
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In this lesson we're going to be looking at how to manipulate
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the actual 3D geometry of our objects.
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And in that way we can turn a simple cube into something much more interesting.
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To do that they select our cube.
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And then we need to go into edit mode.
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And at the top left here you'll see that it says object mode.
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And if you click the drop-down,
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we can select Edit mode is also a keyboard shortcut for that,
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you can simply press Tab on your keyboard.
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And that'll switch between object and edit mode very quickly.
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So let's go into edit mode by pressing tab.
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And there you see, we've got these little points on the corners of our cube.
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These are called vertices and they're the most basic element, a 3D object.
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You'll see we have a vertex on each corner.
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And in between the vertices, we've got edges.
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And then if we have three or more agents,
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in this case we have four.
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We can have a face.
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And the side of the cube is that face that we see
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that is created between these four vertices.
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And we can manipulate these vertices in the same way
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that we manipulated our 3D objects in object mode.
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So we can select any of them by clicking on them.
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We can click and drag to box,
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select and select multiple vertices at once.
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And then with these vertices selected,
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we can press G to grab and move to press G ones,
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and then move our mouse around.
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And you can see we can start editing the shape of object.
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So let's look at backward texts.
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Press G to grab and move.
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Move that up a bit.
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And I can start rotating around,
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press G. And we start creating the shape that you want.
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Select this one, press G.
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And sometimes we want to select the entire top part of an object.
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But as you can see now,
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that back vertex was not selected because it was hidden behind the faces of the object.
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To enable us to select vertices,
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even if there'll behind the object,
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we can hold down Z on our keyboard.
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And then move down and select toggle x-ray.
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If you're not seeing toggle x-ray,
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just make sure that you have the extra pie menu options enabled,
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like I showed you in the first video.
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Cool. And I can see, we can actually see through the object.
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So if we want to select the bottom vertices,
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we can just drag and select like that.
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And I can see all those bottom ones are selected.
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And if you want to go out of x-ray mode,
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we can just hold down z again,
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move down and let cozy.
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Easy as that.
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Now in edit mode, we have different selection modes as well.
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At the moment it's set to vertex select.
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So we can select these vertices.
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And if you look up here,
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there are three icons and you'll see it says vertex select.
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So if you click on the second one,
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you see the vertices have disappeared.
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And now we can only select the edges.
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We can hold down shift to select multiple edges.
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And as you can see, if we select all the edges that make up a face,
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that face will turn orange as well to show that it's selected now,
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the same with the vertex select mode.
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Let's go back to vertex select mode.
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Select that vertex, hold down shift,
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click on that one, that one, and that one.
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I can see these edges have turned orange and the face has turned orange as well.
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That just shows us, we have selected all the vertices that make up these edges.
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Cool.
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Now we can also go into face select mode.
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And that allows us to simply click on any of these phases.
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And with a face selected, we can press G to grab.
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Move that around. Let's right-click to cancel.
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We can press S to scale,
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make that entire face smaller or larger.
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Let's left-click to apply.
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And we can also press R to rotate and allows
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us to rotate our face to make interesting objects.
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And in the same way, we could constrain operations in object mode.
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We can also constrain these operations to the axes in edit mode.
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So for instance, if you wanted to move this face up and down,
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but not in the x or y axis.
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We can press G to grab.
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And then without clicking, we can press Z.
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And I can see we can only move that up and down on the z-axis.
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So we can move that up, maybe left-click to apply.
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And let's rotate that face as well.
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Let's press R to rotate.
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And the moment it's rotating around the camera view.
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So let's press Z to constrain that to be z axis as well.
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And I can see it's only rotating on the z axis.
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And if you want to make finer adjustments,
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you can simply hold down Shift.
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And you'll see, you'll make very small adjustments to your rotations.
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Cancel that. Let's press S to scale.
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And as you can see, it's scaling in all directions.
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And we can also tell blender to only scale that in the z direction by pressing Z.
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And I can see it's scaling up and down.
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Let's right-click to cancel that.
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Press S again to scale.
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Analogies scale it in the x and y directions,
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but not in the z direction.
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So to tell blender just scattered in all directions except for the z,
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we're going to press Shift Z.
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And I can see it shows us it's only going to scale in the x and the y directions.
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Let's go back into object mode with tab
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and with our cube selected x and delete this cube.
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Now let's add a new cube with Shift a and intellect cube.
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And let's go back into edit mode with tab on our keyboard.
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You can also quickly switch between these selection modes like vertex and agent phase,
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with the normal number keys on your keyboard,
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not the numpad, just the normal number keys.
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So if you press one, it goes to vertex select mode.
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If you press too, it goes to edge select mode.
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And if you press three occurs to face select mode.
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And now we can select faces.
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We press two, we can select edges.
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And if you press 1, we can select the vertices.
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Now if we start with a cube,
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we only have these eight vertices to work with.
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And sometimes you want to add more to create a more complex shape.
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And an easy way to do that is simply to add a loop cut around the object.
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Now add a loop cut does,
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is it divides the faces and the edges around the object in a loop.
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So to make a loop cut,
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we can press Control R.
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And as we move our mouse around,
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it shows us where it will create that loop cut.
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So let's say we wanted to make one straight down the middle way.
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It's left-click once.
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And now we can decide where we want to place this loop.
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If we want to place it exactly in the middle,
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we can simply right-click and it'll snap back to the center.
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Let's create another loop, cut.
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Our again to look at.
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And then let's place whenever they left-click once.
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And let's move that one to the side and then left-click to place a day.
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And sometimes you want to select that entire loop again.
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And, but that would mean you have to go around and shift
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click to select all of the different vertices or edges.
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But there's an easier way to do that and you can do that in vertex or edge select mode.
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So to do that, let's hold down Alt on
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our keyboard and then click on that loop cut that we created.
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And as you can see, we selected the entire loop.
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And if you wanted to select this loop that we created second,
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we can hold down Alt and left-click,
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and then we select the entire loop.
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Cool.
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So let's select this middle one again.
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Hold down Alt and click and its scale that up a bit so we can press S
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to scale and then just move that out Tibet and left-click to apply.
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Now starting to get something a little bit more interesting.
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Analogies like the other edge loop that we created by
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holding Alt and clicking on the HE loop.
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And as you can see, it's selected all the vertices and edges,
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even the ones that are behind the object at the moment.
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And Alex press S again,
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scale it down and left-click.
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And that way you can see we can easily make interesting shapes to work with.
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And if you ever want to see what your object looks like
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without the grid and all the selection boxes and everything,
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you can hold down z as well and then move up to toggle overlays.
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And as you can see now, Blender will then only show the physical objects.
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And we can enable our overlays again by
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either clicking on this icon up top here show overlays.
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But we can hold down z, move our mouse up, and let go of z.
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And the cool thing about using these pi minis is you don't
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actually have to stop on the button that you want to select.
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You can simply move in that direction and let go.
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Move in that direction, let go,
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Let's go into X-Ray mode.
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Disable x-ray mode.
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There we go.
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So if you get used to weigh these objects are you can actually
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select them without even looking just by moving a mouse in that direction.
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And that makes it a lot faster when you start working with complicated objects.
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Coo.
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And the last operation I want to show you is the extrude operation.
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And by extruding, we can also add new geometry to our object.
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So let me show you how that works.
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Let's go into face select mode by either clicking this icon at the top here,
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or by pressing 3 on our keyboard and then select a face we want to extrude.
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And into extrude, we're going to press E to extrude.
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So if you press E, you'll see it creates
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a new piece of geometry that comes out of that face that we had selected.
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And it'll move it out the direction that that face was facing.
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So we can move that and left-click to apply.
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We can also press S to scale that up a bit and left-click to apply.
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Press E to extrude again.
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And move that out.
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Left-click to apply.
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Press S to scale again and make that smaller left-click to apply.
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And that's another really nice way to create more geometry to work with.
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So let's press E to extrude again,
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left-click to apply it to extrude, left-click to apply.
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And then if you press D to extrude without clicking,
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if you then press S to scale,
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it will keep that extrusion,
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but it will scale it in place them.
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So if you want to create a step over there,
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we can scale that up.
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And then left-click and in press E again to extrude,
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and then extrude that out and left-click to apply.
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And they were starting to get some interesting shapes.
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One of these operations that I showed you now also
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have corresponding icons on the toolbar over here.
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You'll see these extrude region and they are a few more,
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but I find it a lot quicker and easier to rather use the shortcuts for those operations.
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And again, I'll keep reminding you of the shortcuts
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as we use them in later lessons as well.
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So don't worry if you have trouble remembering all of them.
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Cool, and that's it for this lesson.
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In the next lesson, we're going to be looking at how to apply modifiers to our object.
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And that'll allow us to have blended,
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do a lot of the work for us.
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