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Out of ice, welcome to our new trek that we will explore today, which is the six train track, six
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train would be a continue for our series, the telecommunications series we featured before you find
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in our profile the 2G GSM network.
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Then you will find the courier network fundamentals in 2G, 3G, 4G.
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You will find the 4G, LTE, the 4G core Epicure, 3M and Iris.
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Also, you'll find that as a seven.
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So this course is a continue of this track and series we had started before.
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I wish this course you gather the information you want from it and helps you in your career or in your
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studies.
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Of course.
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OK, so this course is called Sector Sector is a signaling network, OK, Siemens is a seven network.
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But the only difference between the six trend and this a seven is it.
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The trend it's signaling is handled and carried over IP.
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OK, OK, so Trent has has another name, which is called S7 over IP.
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This means that it's mostly similar to the Seven Network, but it is over IP.
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This is what we discuss here in this course.
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OK, let's start with our first chapter, which is the introduction called.
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OK, first of all, we have to admit that, as I said, it is a very successful network.
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It has many protocols that supports the delivery of signalling messages from one single point to another
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signaling point.
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OK, but we have to evolve.
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So we have to introduce the IP networks.
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So in order to introduce IP networks, we have to replace the ISO seven, which uses old signalling
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transportation to a signaling network like the 610, which uses IP network in transmitting and receiving
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the signaling messages between the signaling network modes, of course.
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OK, as nowadays, all countries in the world are using IP networks, so we have to evolve, the signaling
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system is what is done with the traffic.
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Traffic is now transmitted over IP, so we need to transmit the Cycladic messages through IP as well.
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OK.
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So.
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The cigarette is introduced.
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OK, by the way, we have many examples of IP networks like the 4G networks, like the 5G networks.
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I think you may know that 4G networks is all IP networks, all of its transactions, all of its dealing
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with its network nodes is done through IP.
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OK, let me give you a quick.
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Introduction about what is meant by signaling, signaling.
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In case you don't know, this is just a device to your knowledge.
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OK, signaling means.
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Transfer of signaling messages from one point to another.
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So what is the signaling messages?
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This is the messages which supports making a connection between two entities.
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Let's see if.
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And no need to talk to Abby, no.
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There must be a connection between both of them so that they can talk to each other.
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The establishing and the center of this connection is called signaling.
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We have two types of signals in the telecom field, of course, circuit related signaling and non circuit
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related signaling, the circuit related signal, which is related to the calls set up or set up support,
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clear a call managing the call itself.
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This is a circuit related signal.
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However, the circuit related signaling is all the signaling messages, which is not related to like
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this integration process.
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The authentication means the process of integration, of authenticating a user to a network process
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like location updates.
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This is the Ninth Circuit related signaling.
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And so OK, OK, let's go back to the spectrum.
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Spectrum is designed by each IETF.
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IETF stands for Internet Engineering Task Force.
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It is a committee which designed the protocols and the way the signaling messages in the 16 networks
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flew.
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OK, so this committee is called IETF Internet Engineering Task Force.
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When the sector is able to carry this, a seven signaling but to be over IP instead of being over Tedham.
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This will allow mobile operators to use the IP benefits like higher capacity, of course.
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OK, so this is a benefit from using the secretary.
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OK, OK.
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So since the second would be transmitted and received over IP packets, we have to find a protocol which
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will support and help in transmitting this IP packets.
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The most popular and famous protocols we have here is the UDP Protocol and DCP Protocol.
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UDP stands for user data from protocol and stands for Transport Control Protocol, OK.
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However, these two protocols previously are popular in supporting the traffic IP packets.
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They are used for transmitting the traffic IP packets.
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However, now we need to transmit and receive the signal IP packets, which of course needs a specific
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characteristic of the protocol with which will deal with them.
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OK, OK.
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Let's see what characteristics are required for transmitting these signaling messages over the Internet
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protocol.
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So.
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The protocol which we need to use to transmit this signaling messages.
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Have some specific characteristics so that we can approve this protocol to be used for this transmission
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and reception, of course, first on this protocol should be ordered and have reliable transfer of signal
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messages.
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This means that the IP packets, which this protocol we begin to transmit, these packets must be received
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at the receiver and in an orderly way.
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So if I send the packet number four by two and three and four and five and 16, then so that's the reception
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of this package must be received in an orderly way, which is one, two, three and four till then,
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of course.
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OK, and it most has a reliable transfer.
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This means that the links that this protocol will use must be of a high quality link.
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OK, as the signaling is completely different than the traffic back, it's as if the signaling suffers
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from a bad quality nginx and this may effects the signaling Becket's.
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Of course, one would be established.
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You got it.
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I mean, here, the signaling is very and more important than the traffic as the traffic is dependable
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on the signaling.
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OK, if I don't have a good quality signal and a reliable and order signaling packets, I would I will
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not have traffic.
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So the protocol which will be used for.
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Transmitting and receiving these IP packets must be ordered and have reliable transfer.
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Also, it must support the redundancy in case of any link failure.
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So the link, which will be choosing to transmit these IP packets, must have a redundancy link.
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Why, if this link suffers from any failures so that the signalling packets must have another route,
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so that these packets must be delivered on time to the destination.
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As I said before, the signal in packets is a very important package that should be received in the
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right time.
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Of course.
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OK.
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The third characteristic is Ludo's and delay.
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So.
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While transmitting the IP packets, these packets must suffer from allulose, no losses in this packet
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as all of this, as I said before, the signalling is a very important you have to know this.
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So nothing of packets from the signalling may affect your code, may affect your non circuit related
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action.
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You are doing, let's say, location update or authentication or any other action.
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OK, and of course, no delay in the signalling packets.
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As I said, final characteristic is security against denial of service or those.
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OK, so those screens or denial of service means preventing information to be delivered.
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OK, so.
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The meaning of Denial-of-service is the process or the way of preventing the information to be delivered.
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We have to have more security against this action.
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And again, is this denial of service or is this does OK, so an example of this denial of service is
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the jamming or jamming means sending high powered noise so that the receiver will not be able to receive
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the information.
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So it's a protocol which will be used for transmitting the signal.
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IP packets must have security to prevent the denial of service or the jamming.
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OK.
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So the other protocols we have here to transmit this IP packets is ATP and the DCP Protocols UDP is
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a connection.
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Let's transfer protocol which have agreed to ensure that we stand for, which is the acknowledgement
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messages.
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That means that it doesn't guarantee a reliable transfer of IP packets, acknowledgement means when
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I send an IP packet, I must receive an acknowledgement for receiving this IP package, which is not
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offered in the UDP in the user data graph protocol.
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OK, however, that is happy, which is the other protocol which is over for us to use in the secret
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networks, is that DCP, the Trump's action drone protocol.
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However, DCP has a great issue as well, which is extremely sensitive to the various.
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OK, there is a delay in the TCAP protocol, which makes it impossible to handle the signalling IP pro
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IP packets transfer.
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OK, so we decided to go to a third protocol, which is the SCDP.
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OK.
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