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Well, hi, guys.
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In this lesson, we're going to learn classes and assignment of IPv4 addresses.
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Let's get started right away.
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So what are the classes of the IPv4 address?
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Well, addresses appear is 32 bit numbers by IP Network Protocol, a unique number in the network area
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where each of the devices is located must be assigned to these devices, but only if they are working
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in a local network that is not related to another external network.
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These numbers can be assigned optionally.
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Some of the IP address ranges can be divided into private networks in certain models.
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But these numbers are given to the sites on the internet by a central power known by everyone as the
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and I or Network Information Center.
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These IP addresses have for eight bit one bite through zero to 255.
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These are numbers called Octet to increase their readability.
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For example, suppose that the IP address of the device at John Port, Ian GQ Dot Edu, the device named
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John at the University of Toronto Faculty of Engineering, is zero x c0, eh eight six four zero one.
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This address can also be shown in a different style, such as one nine two eight one six eight not one
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zero zero doubt one.
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The other notation is also known as the dotted quadruple notation.
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Actually, this is not the reason for this type of display.
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There is another reason for this situation.
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This is because the first mock tests in the IP addresses indicate the network number and the remaining
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octet indicate the machine number.
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When applying to the Nike to obtain an IP address, a separate IP address is not assigned for each machine
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that is intended to be used.
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Instead, a network number is given and all valid IP in this range are optionally assigned to the devices
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on the network.
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In addition, the number of machine parts may differ in relation to the size of the entire mesh in order
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to meet different demands, different network classes were created shifting from these different places
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to other places and IP addresses.
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It is possible to refer to these classes as A, B, C, D and F.
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Class A one through 126.
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So the first bit of the first octet is always set, so that the first bit of the first octet is zero.
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So the first octet lies between one and 127 zero zero zero zero zero zero one Dash zero one one one
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one one one one.
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All right.
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So these class AA addresses contain IP addresses between one dot, whatever it is, and one two six
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dot, whatever it is.
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All right.
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IP addresses in the one two seven dot, whatever it is, IP range are known as private ID addresses.
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Now, it should also be noted that these addresses are not given to any device on the internet.
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Right.
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And Class A has one hundred twenty six.
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That's two to the seven minus two ID networks and six million seven hundred seventy seven thousand two
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hundred fourteen.
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That two to the 24.
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Mine is to host addresses.
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Yeah.
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Good luck, proven me wrong there.
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OK.
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Class B address 128 through 191.
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So Class B addresses can be defined as addresses whose first octet is in the range of 128 through 191
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with eight bits, in short.
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So these first two octet are known as definitions of the computing network, but the other two octet
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are responsible for defining hosts, you found.
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So the number of information networks is sixteen thousand three hundred and eighty four.
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The total number of hosts in the information network is sixty five thousand five hundred and thirty
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four.
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Subnet Mask Address, or Class B, is two five five two five five zero zero.
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So, for example, the IP addresses that can be used in the one seven two six five zero zero information
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network are as they appear on the screen.
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So you're looking at one seven 2.6 5.0.1 through one seven two six five two five five two five four.
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Seems simple now, huh?
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So here the following question might pop up in your head What happened?
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127.
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Well, it's now possible.
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Use all 127 because.
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The information network is reserved for loopback testing on local computers.
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Class C addresses one nine, two through two two three.
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So here we've got the first octet range expressed as the address class in the range one nine two through
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two two three.
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Now, while there are two million 97000 152 Class B IP addresses in total, the amount of IP addresses
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to be used in each of these groups can be said to be 254.
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And a subnet mask can be explained is 255.255.255.0.
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So, for example, IP addresses it can be used in the one nine two two one six eight eight one zero
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information network should be in the range of one nine two one six eight not one, not one through one
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nine two one six eight.
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Not one, not two five four.
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And then in addition, there are Class D addresses reserved for IP multicast addresses and Class E addresses
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reserved for various purposes or.
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Otherwise known as whatever the heck they want it for.
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Classes D and E, so networks of addresses in the range of two two four zero two zero zero two two five
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four zero zero zero are known to be reserved for either an experimental or specific purpose and cannot
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be identified to any network.
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Now, due to the IP multicast system or IP multicast, anyway, this is going to provide the transmission
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service of the packets to more than one point at a time out there on the internet, so the addresses
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in this range are assigned.
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So if we look at the first example, John's address one nine two eight one six eight not one zero zero,
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not one any address on the network 192.168.0.1 zero, which can be given as an example of Class C,
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indicate device one zero zero one.
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Mm hmm.
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So I wonder if you notice that not all possible numbers are included in the previous list?
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So the reason for this is No zero and two five have been separated for special purpose.
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So if all the bids around the host in an address are a zero, it can be said that that address determines
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the network.
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But if all of these bits are one.
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Well, this addresses known as the broadcast address.
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So accordingly, one nine two two one six eight two five five two five five does not mean a valid machine
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dressed, but instead reports all machines in a one nine two one six eight zero zero network 0.0.0.0
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and one two seven zero zero zero networks referred to the user's own machine.
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In order to migrate the IP traffic on the user's home machine.
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Right?
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OK.
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Now, the first of these networks is called the predefined route.
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While the second is called the loop back address.
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So.
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Basically, in cases where there's no need to access the local network on the computer, the communication
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of the programs can be ensured within your private computer via the IP address of 127.0.0.1.
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So often, the address, 127.0.0.1 is reserved for a special interface on a user's home machine.
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So this is going to kind of act like a short circuit, and it's called the loopback interface.
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And by short, I don't mean a short circuit like it's going to cause a problem.
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It's just a you know, well, it's a loopback.
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So it's it's short, it's small.
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That's the word small, maybe.
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Yeah, OK.
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Anyway, when an ordinary packet belonging to TCP or UDP is sent to this interface, it is redirected
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to itself just as this packet is sent to it from other networks found.
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So this allows software to be tested between development of network software without the need for a
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real network.
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So in addition, this network provides users with the opportunity to use network software only on one
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machine.
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So this situation may seem meaningless at first, but it's not going to be meaningless for long.
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The hop by hop routing technique is used when routing IP data grams.
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So router looks at the destination addresses of the data grams it receives using the masks and its routing
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tables with the logical end operation.
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So it finds a table address that is most similar to the network address to be reached and accesses the
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port information to which the packet will be transferred.
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Now, if the packet is sent to a node on one of the network's routers connected to, well, it gets
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sent directly to that node.
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Otherwise, it is transferred from the port in the direction it needs to go to reach the next router.
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Did you get all that?
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Well, there's more.
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The routing table of the metal router is shown in the network given in the figure here.
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OK, so that one of the nodes in the network with the address one two eight the one that 0.0, let's
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say with the IP address one two eight one 0.7 sends a packet to one of the nodes in the network with
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the address two two zero zero zero, let's say, two two zero zero five zero.
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So when when this packet reaches the middle router, it's transferred from the table over port left
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to reach the network with the address to 2.0 that 0.0 and is received by the left router.
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So after receiving their packet, the router on the left checks its table and then four zip package
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directly to the relevant node.
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Since it is connected to this network two two zero zero zero And by looking this table, you can trace
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the destination address all the way through to the next node, just like we did.
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All right, so that's a lesson up to here, so we have now learned about classes and assignment of IPv4
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addresses, so I know it's quite a lot, but hey, you're really interested in this, right?
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All right, well, going to wake you up in the next lesson.
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